HANDBOOK OF ECONOMIC STATISTICS, 1987

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05775731
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December 28, 2022
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September 1, 1987
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Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Directorate of Intelligence alTPAS UP ID OD dB NB CD 15) -111 $M4 COL III Ili in OD OP ell Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1987 A Reference Aid NT ICROFIL ED ctiwk C.61-1\ For Data Entry CPAS 87-10001 September 1987 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Requesters outside the US Government may obtain subscriptions to CIA puNications similar to this one by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Requesters outside the US Government not interested in subscription service may purchase specific publications either in paper copy or microform from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (To expedite service call the NTIS Order Desk (703) 487-4650) Comments and queries on this paper may be directed to the DOCEX Project at the above address or by phone (202-287-9527), or the NTIS Office of Customer Services at the above address or by phone (703-487-4660). Publications are not available to the public from the Central Intelligence Agency. This publication may also be purchased from: Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock Number 041-015-00165-5) Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Directorate of Intelligence Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1987 A Reference Aid Research for this report was completed on 1 August 1987 CPAS 87-10001 September 1987 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1987 Purpose and Scope The Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1987, provides statistics for selected non-Communist countries and all the Communist countries. In general, the data in the Handbook are for 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1982-86. Data for the Communist and non-Communist countries have been adjusted, when necessary, to achieve comparability and therefore may differ from data presented in the original sources. Footnotes have been used liberally to give definitions, exceptions, and methodology. The base year for average annual rates of growth is the year prior to the stated period. Rounding of the Totals The totals have been rounded, with some excep- tions, to three significant digits. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown. Totals are not presented if missing data are believed to represent a significant part of the total. In general, zeros appearing after the last nonzero number following the decimal point are not significant but are used merely for con- sistency in presentation. Symbols The abbreviation NA (not available) is used when information about the existence of the data or the magnitude of the data is not avail- able, and the abbreviation NEGL (negligible) is used when the magnitude of the data is less than one-half of the final unit employed for each table. Sources The data given for the most recent years are frequently preliminary and subject to revision. The data for the Communist countries are offi- cial data from the country cited, CIA estimates, or estimates made by other organizations. The data for the non-Communist countries are from publications of the United Nations, the Organi- zation for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD), publications of US Government agencies, unclassified publications of other in- ternational organizations or individual coun- tries, or are estimates of this Office. 111 Terms Unless otherwise indicated, the term Commu- nist Countries includes the USSR, the countries of Eastern Europe, China, Albania, Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, Vietnam, and Yu- goslavia; the term Eastern Europe includes Bul- garia, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The term European Community includes Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United King- dom, and West Germany. The term developed countries includes the European Community, Austria, Finland, Iceland, Israel, Liechtenstein, Malta, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of South Africa, and the United States. The term Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) includes all the developed countries, except Liechten- stein, Malta, Israel, and the Republic of South Africa. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 The Big Six includes Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and West Germa- ny. The Big Seven includes the United States and the Big Six. Except for economic aid data, the term less developed countries includes the following: � All independent countries of Africa except the Republic of South Africa. � All independent countries of East Asia except Japan. � All independent countries in Latin America except Cuba. � All independent countries in the Middle East and South Asia, except Israel and Turkey. Except for Cyprus, no country in either Eastern or Western Europe is in the LDC grouping. Except for Hong Kong, no territory that is a possession, trust, or protectorate is included in the LDC grouping. The definition of less developed countries for economic aid conforms to that used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD and other aid agencies and includes the following non-Communist countries: � All independent countries of Africa except the Republic of South Africa. � All countries of East Asia except Hong Kong and Japan. � Malta, Portugal, and Spain in Europe. � All independent countries in Latin America, except Cuba. � All countries in the Middle East and South Asia. Totals for the country groupings may or may not include all of the countries listed above, depending on the commodity or services listed. iv Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Contents Page Graphic Summary 1 Economic Profile 21 Aggregative Trends 33 Soviet Economic Performance 63 Foreign Trade and Aid 77 Energy 129 Minerals and Metals 145 Chemicals and Rubber 163 Manufacturing Goods and Forestry 173 Agriculture 187 Transportation 211 Index and Conversion Factors 235 V Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Graphic Summary Page Figure 1. Gross National Product Per Capita, 1986 (in 1986 US $) 2 Figure 2. World Gross National Product and Population, 1986 4 Figure 3. Real Gross National Product Trends 5 Figure 4. Real Gross National Product Comparisons 6 Figure 5. Developed Countries: Aggregate Inflation Rate Trends 7 Figure .6. Less Developed Countries: Aggregate Real GNP Growth Rates 8 Figure 7. Less Developed Countries: Aggregate Inflation Rate Trends 9 Figure 8. Percent Change in the Value of Selected Foreign Currencies Relative to the US Dollar 10 Figure 9. Government Receipts, Outlays, and Balances as a Share of GDP 11 Figure 10. Selected Industrial Countries: Comparative Tax Burden, 1984 12 Figure 11. Selected Developed Countries: Trends in Interest Rates 13 Figure 12. Soviet and East European Economic Aid Extended to Less Developed Countries 14 Figure 13. USSR: Arms Deliveries to Less Developed Countries 15 Figure 14. Measures of Energy Efficiency 16 Figure 15. Minerals and Metals: Net Imports as a Share of Consumption, 1986 17 Figure 16. World Crude Steel Production 18 Figure 17. World Passenger Automobile Production 19 Figure 18. World Wheat and Coarse Grain Supplies 20 1 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 1 Gross National Product Per Capita, 1986 (in 1986 US $) Australia Denmark Liechtenstein Switzerland Austria East Germany Luxembourg United Arab Emirates Bahrain Finland Nauru United Kingdom Belgium France Netherlands United States Bermuda Iceland New Zealand West Germany Brunei Italy Norway Canada Japan Qatar Cayman Islands Kuwait Sweden $5,001 to $10,000 American Samoa Greece Netherlands Antilles Spain Aruba Greenland New Caledonia Trinidad and Tobago Bahamas, The Guam Oman USSR Bulgaria Hungary Poland Virgin Islands (US) Cyprus Ireland Portugal Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Israel Romania Farce Islands Libya Saudi Arabia French Polynesia Monaco Singapore $1,001 to $5,000 1 Algeria Djibouti Jordan Si. Christopher Andorra Dominica Macau and Nevis Antigua and Barbuda Ecuador Malaysia St. Lucia Argentina El Salvador Malta San Marino Barbados Falkland Islands Martinique Seychelles Belize Fiji Mexico South Africa Brazil French Guiana Mongolia South Korea British Virgin Islands Gabon Montserrat Suriname Chile Gibraltar Nicaragua Syria China-Taiwan Grenada Niue Tonga Colombia Guadeloupe North Korea Turnsia Congo Guatemala Panama Turkey Cook Islands Hong Kong Peru Turks and Caicos Islands Costa Rica Iran Puerto Rico Uruguay Cuba Iraq Reunion Venezuela $401 to $1,000 Albania Ivory Coast Nigeria Tokelau Anguilla Jamaica Papua New Guinea Tuvalu Bolivia Kiribati Paraguay Vanuatu Botswana Lebanon Philippines Wallis and Futuna Cameroon Lesotho St. Vincent and Western Samoa Dominican Republic Liberia the Grenadines Yemen Arab Republic Egypt Maldives Senegal Yemen, People's Demo- Equatorial Guinea Mauritania Solomon Islands cratic Republic of Guyana Mauritius Sri Lanka Zambia Honduras Morocco Swaziland Indonesia Namibia Thailand Less than $401 Afghanistan Chad Laos Somalia Angola China-Mainland Madagascar Sudan Bangladesh Comoros Malawi Tanzania Berm Ethiopia Mali Togo Bhutan Gambia, The Mozambique Uganda Burkina Ghana Nepal Vietnam Burma Guinea Niger Western Sahara Burundi Guinea-Bissau Pakistan Zaire Cambodia Haiti Rwanda Zimbabwe Cape Verde India Sao Tome and Principe Central African Republic Kenya Sierre Leone 2 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 The United States Guremment has not recontintred the incorporation of Estonia. LAMS. and Utfarania into the Soviet Union. Otte! Poundary representation It not necessarily authoritative. ef:7. 3 � 801043 (A04872,3) 8-87 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 2 World Gross National Product and Population, 1986 Percent 313197 8-87 Developed non-Communist countries Less developed non-Communist countries Communist countries GNP 16,800 billion 1986 US $ Other 6.8 China 1.6 USSR 14.0 Other LDCs 8.1 India 1.2 Brazil 1.7 Other EC 19.2 United States 24.7 Japan 9.8 Other developed 8.6 West Germany 4.3 Population 5.0 billion persons Other LDCs 32.3 4 United States 4.9 Japan 2.4 Other developed 3.3 West Germany 1.2 Other EC 5.3 Brazil 2.9 India 15.8 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 3 Real Gross National Product Trends GNP Developed Non-Communist Countries Less Developed Non-Communist Countries Communist Countries Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1961-70 1971-80 1981-82 1983 1984 1985 1986 -2 0 2 4 6 Per Capita GNP Developed Non-Communist Countries Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1961-70 1971-80 1981-82 1983 1984 1985 1986 313198 8-87 -2 0 2 4 6 -2 0 2 4 6 -2 0 2 4 6 Less Developed Non-Communist Countries Communist Countries -2 0 2 4 6 -2 0 2 4 5 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 4 Real Gross National Product Comparisons Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1971-80 1981-86 313199 8-87 Italy France West Germany United Kingdom United States Canada Japan USSR a 0 ' Growth at factor cost. 6 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 5 Developed Countries: Aggregate Inflation Rate Trends Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1961-70 1971-80 1981-82 1983 1984 1985 1986 313200 8-87 OECD 0 2 4 8 10 Big Six a 0 2 a Japan, West Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, and Canada. 7 4 8 10 United States 0 2 4 8 10 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 6 Less Developed Countries: Aggregate Real GNP Growth Rates Less Developed Countries Average annual rate -2 of growth (percent) 1961-70 1971-80 1981-82 1983 1984 1985 1986 313201 8.87 0 2 4 6 Oil Exporters Non-Oil-Exporters -2 0 4 6 8 -2 0 2 4 6 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 7 Less Developed Countries: Aggregate Inflation Rate Trends Less Developed Countries Oil Exporters Non-Oil-Exporters Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1961-70 1971-80 1981-82 1983 1984 1985 1986 313202 8.87 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 9 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 8 Percent Change in the Value of Selected Foreign Currencies Relative to the US Dollar a 31203 8-87 German mark French franc Trade-weighted dollar b British pound Japanese yen -60 I I I I I I Ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 t I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Change relative to selected foreign currencies, compared with March 1973. b Relative to 16 major currencies, weighted by 1979-80 trade in manufactures. 10 1 1 1 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 9 Government Receipts, Outlays, and Balances, as a Share of GDP Percent Receipts Outlays United States Japan 40 40 10 50 50 40 40 10 10 Balances 4 4 Note change in scale 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -4 -4 -6 -6 -8 1960 70 80 84 -8 1960 313204 8-87 � 70 West Germany 10 France United Kingdom 30 20 10 4 4 4 2 2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -4 -4 -4 -6 -6 -6 80 84 -8 1960 70 80 84 -8 1960 70 80 84 -8 1960 11 N 70 80 84 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 10 Selected Industrial Countries: Comparative Tax Burden, 1984 Taxes as a percent of GDP 313205 8-87 Social security contribution General taxes Direct Indirect 0 Japan United States Canada United Kingdom Italy West Germany France 10 15 20 25 30 35 ao 45 12 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 11 Selected Developed Countries: Trends in Interest Rates Percent 313206 8-87 Short term (call money) Long term (government bond yields) United States Japan West Germany IIIIIIiiiitiiiiIiiiiit IiiiiiiiiiIiiiiIiiiiii Itiii11'11111111'ml' 0 0 0 1965 70 75 80 85 1965 70 75 80 85 1965 70 75 80 85 France 15 10 5 United Kingdom 15 Italy 10 10 5 5 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiih IiiiiIIIIIIIIiiiiiiiIi iiiiiIiiiiiiiiiIIIIIII 0 0 0 1965 70 75 80 85 1965 70 75 80 85 1965 70 75 80 85 13 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 12 Soviet and East European Economic Aid Extended to Less Developed Countries Percent 313207 8.87 Middle East Asia Africa Latin America USSR 1954-74: US $10.1 billion Eastern Europe 1954-74: US $5.8 billion 1975-79: US $10.3 billion 1975-79: US $4.3 billion 14 1980-86: US $17.1 billion 1980-86: US $6.8 billion Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 13 USSR: Arms Deliveries to Less Developed Countries Percent 313208 8-87 Middle East and North Africa Asia Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa I I I I I 0 1982 83 15 84 85 86 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 14 Measures of Energy Efficiency a Energy-to-GNP ratio OECD � Oil-to-GNP ratio United States 100 100 Index: 1973=100 90 Index: 1973=100 313209 8-87 \, 80 70 60 50 90 80 Japan 100 90 80 70 70 60 60 West Germany France 100 100 90 90 80 70 60 70 60 50 50 50 50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 40 ao ao ao ao 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 United Kingdom 110 100 90 80 70 60 Italy 110 100 90 80 70 60 Canada 60 USSR 60 Eastern Europe 60 I I til1IIIII II it!iiii II II [HI II 50 50 50 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 1975 80 85 a Care should be taken in comparing the Soviet oil-to-GNP ratio directly with the ratio of Western countries. The Soviet series is based on apparent oil consumption because the Soviets do not publish data on consumption. The apparent consumption series does not take into consideration possible changes in year-to-year oil stock levels and is based on reported oil production and estimates of oil exports and imports. 50 50 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 15 Minerals and Metals: Net Imports as a Share of Consumption, 1986a Percent Bauxite Copper Nickel Lead Zinc Tin Cobalt Iron Ore Manganese Chromium United States 95 25 99 20 75 80 90 35 100 100 Japan 100 95 100 65 65 95 100 99 99 99 European Community 100 100 100 25 70 80 95 85 100 95 USSR 35 0 0 0 2 30 15 0 0 0 ' Most data rounded to the nearest 5 percent. 313210 8-87 17 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 16 World Crude Steel Production Percent 313211 8-87 United States European Community Japan USSR/Eastern Europe Other Communist Other 1960 1970 346 million metric tons 594 million metric tons 1980 1986 714 million metric tons 18 688 million metric tons Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 17 World Passenger Automobile Production Percent 1 United States European Community Japan USSR/Eastern Europe a Other a Data include production in Yugoslavia. 313212 8-87 1960 1970 12.8 million units 22.5 million units 1980 1986 29.0 million units 32.5 million units 19 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Figure 18 World Wheat and Coarse Grain a Supplies 1.4 Billion metric tons Production Consumption 313213 8.87 " 70/71 71/72 72/73 73/74 74/75 75/76 76/77 77/78 78/79 79/80 80/81 81/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 86/87 2 Includes corn, sorghum, barley, oats, millet, rye, wheat, and miscellaneous grains. 20 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Economic Profile Page Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Selected World Statistics Economic Profile: Developed Countries, 1986 Economic Profile: Communist Countries, 1986 Economic Profile: Selected Less Developed Countries, 1986 Economic Profile: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, 1986 Economic Profile: Selected Newly Industrializing Nations, 1986 Commodity Production of the US and the USSR 22-23 24 25 26 27 28 29-31 21 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 1 Selected World Statistics a 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Gross national product (billion 1986 US $) 6,370 10,400 12,400 14,700 14,900 15,300 15,900 16,400 16,800 Population (million persons, midyear) 3,050 3,721 4,104 4,476 4,635 4,717 4,799 4,882 4,967 Agricultural production index (1975=100) 65 88 100 111 119 119 125 127 129 Exports (billion US IS) 129.8 313.1 873.8 1,997.8 1,845.7 1,810.8 1,904.2 1,911.9 2,149.4 Crude oil, excluding natural gas liquids (million bld) 21.0 45.7 53.0 59.5 53.1 52.6 53.7 52.9 55.7 Natural gas (trillion cubic feet) 15.8 37.0 45.0 54.0 54.6 55.0 59.9 62.1 63.4 Hard coal (million metric tons) 1,985 b 2,141 2,361 2,728 2,829 2,824 2,942 3,178 3,160 Brown coal and lignite (million metric tons) 640 794 869 1,005 1,069 1,091 1,126 1,158 1,150 Electricity (billion kilowatt hours) 2,348 4,953 6,519 8,247 8,474 8,821 9,431 9,324 9,390 Iron ore (million metric tons) 522 769 892 896 796 800 864 881 890 Bauxite (million metric tons) 27.6 57.8 75.1 88.8 73.2 77.4 94.6 89.9 93.6 Pig iron (million metric tons) 259 431 468 510 454 466 482 490 481 Crude steel (million metric tons) 346 594 651 714 641 644 688 698 688 Refined copper (thousand metric tons) NA 7,543 8,344 8,916 9,119 9,340 9,899 9,860 9,990 Primary aluminum (million metric tons) 4.5 9.7 12.0 15.4 13.3 14.8 16.5 16.1 16.1 Smelter lead (thousand metric tons) 2,313 3,292 3,369 3,205 3,237 3,910 3,709 3,985 3,825 Refined zinc (thousand metric tons) 3,025 4,827 5,460 6,057 5,881 6,175 6,362 6,360 6,820 Primary tin (thousand metric tons) 192 227 226 248 241 210 219 217 214 Mineral fertilizer c (million metric tons, nutrient content) NA 66.3 93.3 119.0 119.0 119.1 130.7 139.2 135.5 Nitrogen fertilizer c (million metric tons of N) NA 30.2 42.5 59.7 62.0 63.4 69.0 74.7 73.1 Phosphate fertilizer c (million metric tons of P205) NA 19.2 27.1 33.4 31.1 31.3 33.8 35.6 33.8 Potassium fertilizer c (million metric tons of K,O) NA 16.9 23.7 25.9 25.9 24.4 27.8 28.9 28.5 Synthetic fibers (thousand metric tons) 700 4,870 7,450 10,475 10,150 11,120 11,898 12,514 NA Automobiles (thousand units) 12,800 22,500 25,220 28,997 26,130 29,686 30,413 32,310 32,520 Cement (million metric tons) NA 585 720 867 888 892 891 912 900 Grain (million metric tons) 929 1,220 1,390 1,580 1,720 1,600 1,763 1,805 1,826 Wheat (million metric tons) 240 319 360 446 485 495 516 506 536 Coarse grain (million metric tons) 414 540 621 693 769 657 783 833 824 Rice (million metric tons) 162 312 356 396 420 449 467 472 470 Potatoes (million metric tons) 285 312 285 264 284 315 312 300 303 Sugar (million metric tons) 61.4 76.7 81.7 87.7 107 101 105 104 105 Coffee (thousand metric tons) NA 3,566 4,393 4,810 4,946 5,574 5,174 6,015 5,254 22 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 1 (continued) Selected World Statistics a 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Fish catch (million metric tons) 40.2 65.6 66.0 72.0 76.6 76.8 82.8 NA NA Cattle (million head) 901 1,096 1,202 1,205 1,257 1,260 1,257 1,267 1,275 Hogs (million head) 519 594 655 793 767 772 793 791 819 Meat (million metric tons) 65.4 102 117 138 133 137 141 146 150 Milk (million metric tons) 315 362 392 428 432 452 455 462 468 Wool (thousand metric tons) 2,450 2,840 2,722 2,773 2,854 2,874 2,874 2,989 2,990 Ginned cotton (million metric tons) 10.4 11.8 11.7 14.0 14.7 14.7 19.0 17.2 15.2 Tobacco (thousand metric tons) NA 4,675 5,445 5,312 6,890 5,990 6,183 NA NA Railroad freight (billion ton-kilometers) 3,338 5,020 5,958 6,766 6,632 6,880 7,142 NA NA Fishing fleet inventory (number) NA 12,889 18,940 21,523 21,926 22,231 21,913 22,103 21,839 (thousand GRT) NA 7,804 11,339 12,669 12,819 13,031 12,806 12,985 13,375 Merchant fleet inventory (number) 17,229 19,503 22,353 23,855 24,467 24,503 24,699 25,010 NA (million DW7) 171.6 325.1 556.4 638.1 660.2 647.1 646.9 641.1 NA Tanker fleet inventory (number) 3,371 4,119 5,177 5,439 5,647 5,600 5,574 5,473 NA (million DW7) 63.7 152.4 301.7 379.9 374.0 352.6 337.9 313.5 NA a For more detailed descriptions and definitions, refer to the b Including brown coal at its hard coal equivalent. respective table. c Fertilizer year ending 30 June of the stated year. 23 I Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 2 Economic Proffie: Developed Countries, 1986 United States Canada Japan European Community Total France Italy Nether- lands United Kingdom West Germany Aggregative data Population Million persons at midyear 241.6 25.6 121.4 322.8 55.4 57.2 14.6 56.8 61.0 Percent change 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 NEG L Gross national product Billion 1986 US $ a 4,160.6 446.1 1,658.3 3,950 762.6 644.1 189.2 720.2 908.3 Percent real growth 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.2 Per capita (1986 US $) 17,220 17,430 13,660 12,240 13,770 11,260 12,960 12,680 14,890 Industrial production (percent growth) 1.0 4.3 b -0.4 NA 0.6 2.7 1.0 1.8 2.2 Industry Primary energy (million b/d oil equivalent) 32.1 5.8 1.5 13.2 2.0 0.6 1.4 5.2 2.7 Electricity (billion kilowatt-hours) 2,653 467 673 1,550 332 193 63 301 397 Crude steel (million metric tons) 73.0 13.9 98.3 126 18.0 22.9 5.3 14.8 37.1 Cement (million metric tons) 72.4 10.5 70.2 152 22.6 36.6 2.8 13.4 26.5 Trade Exports, f.o.b. (billion US $) 217.3 c 89.7 210.8 796.4 124.9 97.8 80.5 107.0 243.3 Imports, c.i.f. (billion US $) 387.1 85.6 127.6 781.1 129.4 99.9 75.6 126.2 191.1 Trade balance (billion US $) -169.8 4.1 83.2 15.3 -4.5 -2.1 4.9 -19.2 52.2 Indicators of living standards Grain production (kilograms per capita) 1,310 2,270 130 480 880 330 90 430 420 Meat production (kilograms per capita) 108 99 29 82 94 60 161 55 89 Automobile registrations (units per thousand persons) 557 d 434 b 216 b 340 b 385 b 376 b 336 b 327 b 428 b Energy consumption (barrels oil equivalent per capita) b 55 67 23 24 26 18 35 26 32 Consumer prices (percent growth in 1986) 1.9 4.2 0.6 NA 2.5 6.1 0.2 3.4 -0.3 Life expectancy (years) d 73 74 76 NA 74 73 76 71 72 a Data were converted at US purchasing power equivalents. b Data are for 1985. c Excluding Department of Defense shipments. d Latest avaulable data. 24 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 3 Economic Profile: Communist Countries, 1986 USSR Eastern Europe China Yugo- slavia Total Bulgaria Czecho- slovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Aggregative data Population Million persons at midyear 281.5 112.1 9.0 15.5 16.6 10.6 37.5 22.8 1,059.4 23.3 Percent increase 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.7 Gross national product a Billion 1986 US $ 2,356.7 874 61.2 143.9 187.5 84.0 259.8 137.5 271.9 145.0 Percent real growth 1.2 2.7 2.2 1.4 2.0 1.3 3.0 5.6 7.8 3.0 Per capita (1986 US $) 8,370 7,780 6,800 9,280 11,300 7,920 6,930 6,030 260 6,220 Industrial production (percent growth) 3.6 1.9 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.9 3.8 9.2 3.0 Industry Primary energy (million bid oil equivalent) 32.3 6.7 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.3 2.5 1.2 11.7 0.7 Electricity (billion kilowatt-hours) 1,599 484 42 85 115 27 140 76 445 78 Crude steel (million metric tons) 161.0 61.1 2.9 15.1 8.0 3.7 17.1 14.3 52.1 4.5 Cement (million metric tons) 135.0 58.0 b 5.7 10.3 12.0 3.8 15.8 12.2b 161.6 9.1 Trade Exports, f.o.b. (billion US $) 97.0 113.9 14.5 21.9 27.9 15.4 21.7 12.5 31.3 b 10.4 Imports, f.o.b. (billion US $) 88.9 112.5 15.3 22.0 27.6 15.8 21.2 10.6 39.5 b 11.8 Trade balance (billion US $) 8.1 1.4 -0.8 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.5 1.9 -8.2 b -1.4 Indicators of living standards Grain production (kilograms per capita) 750 830 870 700 700 1,180 660 1,110 370 760 Meat production (kilograms per capita) 63 100 92 100 129 161c 85 81 18 60 c Automobile registrations (units per thousand persons) b 42 111 114 174 199 135 98 lid NEGL 123 Energy consumption (barrels oil equivalent per capita)c 35 28 29 36 43 22 24 23 4 15 Life expectancy (years) e 70 NA 71 71 72 70 71 70 67 68 a Data were converted at US purchasing power equivalents. b Data are for 1985. c Data are on a c.i.f. basis. d Latest available data. 25 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 4 Economic Profile: Selected Less Developed Countries, 1986 Africa Asia Latin America Middle East and South Asia Ivory Coast Zaire Zimba- bwe Malay- sia Philip- pines Thai- land Chile Colom- bia Peru Bangla- desh Egypt India Paki- stan Syria Aggregative data Population Million persons at midyear 10.4 31.4 9.0 15.7 59.9 52.7 12.3 30.0 20.2 104.2 50.5 783.9 101.8 10.7 Percent increase 3.8 2.9 3.6 2.1 2.7 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.8 3.7 Gross domestic product Billion 1986 US $ 8.0a 4.5 4.6 26.4 34.2 41.5 16.0 28.6 20.7 15.8 25.5 210.0 33.0 20.2 Percent real growth 5�� 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 3.8 2.4 5.3 8.5 3.9 5.9 5.0 7.0 -0.5 Per capita (1986 US $) 790 a 140 a 510 1,680 570 790 1,300 950 1,020 150 500 270 320 1,890 Industry Per capita manufacturing (US $) b 240 20 130 330 180 130 280 210 280 10 80 40 60 180 Electricity production (billion kilowatt-hours) 2.2 5.3 4.8 13.0 19.2 24.2 15.0 29.6 13.7 4.7 40.6 182.0 28.2 8.0 Agriculture Per capita agriculture (US $) b 340 40 70 390 170 180 130 210 80 50 100 80 80 310 Grain production (million metric tons) 0.6 a 1.1 3.1 2.0 13.5 22.8 2.5 3.5 1.9 25.3 8.3 159.3 20.2 3.2 International trade Exports, f.o.b. (million US $) 3,170 1,090 2,774 13,875 4,770 8,794 4,222 5,102 2,509 880 3,714 a 9,340 3,384 1,853 . Imports, c.i.f. (million US $) 1,940 . 872 2,649 10,829 5,394 9,154 2,914 3,862 2,598 2,488 9,961 a 15,027 5,374 4,116 . Living standard indicators Literacy rate (percent) b 25 17 74 58 76 82 90 86 80 29 43 36 31 47 Life expectancy (years) b 46 46 54 60 61 56 68 65 61 54 53 46 51 57 a Data are for 1985. b Latest year available. . Data are for 1984. 26 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 5 Economic Profile: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, 1986 Algeria Ecuador Gabon Indonesia Iran Iraq Kuwait Libya Nigeria Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Venezuela Aggregative data Population Million persons at midyear 22.7 9.7 1.0 176.7 48.6 16.4 1.8 3.7 105.5 0.3 14.1 1.7 17.8 Percent increase 3.1 2.9 2.1 2.1 3.4 3.6 4.3 1.1 2.6 4.1 4.9 8.7 2.7 Gross national product Billion 1986 US $ 57.0 10.9 3.3 76.2 80.8 38.0 23.0 20.0 62.7 7.0 85.0 25.0 53.9 Percent real growth 1.0 1.7 -2.0 0 -3.8 -15.0 -9.0 0 -6.0 -9.0 -10.0 -5.0 2.2 Per capita (1986 US $) 2,510 1,120 3,300 430 1,660 2,320 12,780 5,410 590 23,330 6,030 14,700 3,030 Industry Crude oil production (thousand bid) 671 289 180 1,264 1,929 1,725 1,510 a 1,137 1,461 342 5,101 a 1,331 1,576 Share of oil in GNP (percent) 25b 14 50b 7 38 50 49 45c 25b 48 35 45 23 Trade Exports f.o.b. (million US $) 12,795 d 2,181 1,951 b 14,824 13,435 b 9,785 . 12,241 d 10,928 b 12,548 b 2,326 37,530 d 14,036 b 10,065 Government oil revenues (billion US $) 6 1 1 5 7 7 7 5 6 2 22 7 7 Oil exports (thousand bld) 520 195 160 b 800 1,500 1,425 1,380 . 1,015 1,230 320 4,180 a 1,200 1,535 Imports c.i.f. (million US $) 8,448 1,815 924 10,724 10,359 9,302 6,042 4,627 8,877 b 1,010 33,696 d 7,326 9,524 United States (million US $) 406 b 594 91 b 1,154 34 527 720 311 b 676 b 69 3,449 550 3,136 European Community (million US $) 2,445 b 464 d 576 b 2,013 3,644 2,730 1,910 3,087 b 3,293 b 472 8,075 2,563 1,186 . Japan (million US $) NEGL 118 d 45 b 2,988 1,154 1,223 1,350 255 b 344 b 169 2,787 1,150 350 . Living standard indicators Literacy rate (percent) e 42 86 12 72 50 50 64 50 38 34 35 68 84 Life expectancy (years) e 55 61 35 48 58 64 69 55 37 57 53 62 67 . Including about one-half of Neutral Zone production. b Data are for 1985. . Data are for 1983. a Data are for 1984. . Latest available data. 27 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 6 Economic Profile: Selected Newly Industrializing Countries, 1986 Argentina a Brazil China (Taiwan) Hong Kong Mexico Singapore South Korea Aggregative data Population Million persons at midyear 30.8 143.5 19.5 5.5 80.2 2.6 41.6 Percent increase 1.3 2.5 1.3 1.4 2.1 1.1 1.4 Gross domestic product Billion 1986 US $ 78.5 280.0 70.7 23.5 127.1 18.6 95.7 Percent real growth 5.7 8.2 13.5 0.8 -3.7 1.9 12.5 Per capita (1986 US $) 2,550 1,950 3,630 4,270 1,580 7,150 2,300 Industry Per capita manufacturing (value added in US $) 1,590 b 320 c 990 b 1,070 b 380 1,280 d 580 Electricity production (billion kilowatt hours) 44.8 193.0 c 59.0 18.2 85.4 10.5 64.7 Agriculture Per capita agriculture (value added in US $) 380 160 c 160" 4� 160c 70c 260 Grain production (million metric tons) 26.8 36.8 2.1 c NEGL 25.1 NEGL 8.4 Trade Exports, f.o.b. (million US $) 8,396 c 22,393 39,789 35,440 16,238 22,509 37,714 Imports, c.i.f. (million US $) 3,814 c 14,332 c 24,165 35,366 13,993 c 25,511 31,585 Living standard indicators Educational expenditures as a share of GNP (percent)e 2.7 3.8 NA 2.6 5.2 4.8 3.3 Literacy rate (percent) e 93 75 90 90 83 84 93 Life expectancy at birth (years)e 68 59 72 71 69 68 66 Population per square kilometer c 10 14 535 4,850 41 4,115 408 a Argentina is included because its economy closely resem- bles the NIC economies. b Data are for 1980. c Data are for 1985. Data are for 1984. e Latest available data. 28 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 7 Commodity Production of the US and the USSR a Commodity 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Primary energy (million b/d of oil equivalent) US 21.1 30.8 30.2 32.6 32.2 30.8 33.0 32.7 32.1 USSR 9.2 17.1 21.9 27.0 28.5 29.2 30.2 31.1 32.3 Crude oil (thousand bid) US 7,055 9,648 8,375 8,597 8,658 8,680 8,735 8,933 8,668 USSR 2,943 6,976 9,570 11,700 11,830 11,864 11,728 11,350 11,754 Natural gas (trillion cubic feet) US 12.8 21.9 20.1 20.2 18.5 16.8 18.2 17.2 16.8 USSR 1.6 7.0 10.2 15.4 17.7 18.9 20.7 22.7 24.2 Hard coal (million metric tons) US 391.5 550.4 576.2 710.4 712.8 656.6 750.3 741.3 714.0 USSR 355.9 432.7 485.0 493.0 488.0 487.0 484.0 492.5 513.0 Electricity (billion kilowatt-hours) US 893.7 1,742.7 2,131.1 2,437.8 2,386.7 2,459.2 2,574.1 2,634.6 2,652.7 USSR 292.3 740.9 1,038.6 1,293.9 1,367.1 1,418.1 1,492.1 1,544.2 1,599.0 Iron ore (million metric tons) US 90.2 91.2 80.1 70.7 36.0 38.2 52.1 49.5 40.0 USSR 105.9 197.1 234.7 244.7 244.4 245.2 247.1 248.0 250.0 Bauxite (thousand metric tons) US 2,030 2,125 1,800 1,559 732 679 856 674 510 USSR 3,100 6,700 8,000 9,100 9,000 8,900 9,200 NA NA Pig iron (million metric tons) US 62.2 82.8 72.3 62.3 39.3 44.2 47.1 45.3 39.9 USSR 46.8 85.9 103.0 107.3 106.7 110.5 110.9 110.0 114.0 Crude steel (million metric tons) US 90.1 119.3 105.8 101.5 67.7 76.8 83.9 80.1 73.0 USSR 65.3 115.9 141.3 147.9 147.2 152.5 154.2 155.0 161.0 Refined copper (thousand metric tons) US 1,650 2,074 1,632 1,730 1,694 1,584 1,509 1,435 1,479 USSR 475 1,015 1,320 1,470 1,510 1,540 1,590 NA NA Titanium sponge metal production (thousand metric tons) US 4.8 14.0 14.4 20.4 14.2 12.7 22.1 21.0 15.8 USSR 6.0 40.0 57.0 68.0 70.0 71.0 71.0 71.0 72.0 29 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 7 (continued) Commodity Production of the US and the USSR a I I Commodity 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Primary aluminum (thousand metric tons) US 1,827 3,607 3,519 4,654 3,274 3,353 4,099 3,500 3,037 USSR 565 1,640 2,345 2,705 2,735 2,795 2,879 2,940 2,970 Lead (thousand metric tons) US 347 605 577 550 517 515 397 487 366 USSR 300 470 540 560 560 565 582 NA NA Refined zinc (thousand metric tons) US 788 866 450 370 302 305 331 334 316 USSR 360 690 820 820 820 825 850 NA NA Gold (million troy ounces) US 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.4 3.7 USSR 3.6 6.8 8.1 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 Synthetic ammonia (million metric tons of N) US 3.6 10.3 12.2 14.7 11.8 10.5 12.5 12.9 10.4 USSR 1.1 6.3 9.9 13.8 14.6 16.9 17.7 18.2 19.4 Mineral fertilizer (million metric tons, nutrient content) US b 7.4 15.8 18.2 23.4 17.1 20.0 21.5 17.5 NA USSR 3.3 13.1 22.0 24.8 26.7 29.7 30.8 33.2 34.7 Nitrogen fertilizer (million metric tons of N) US b 2.7 8.2 9.6 11.8 9.1 10.8 11.7 9.9 NA USSR 1.0 5.4 8.5 10.2 11.6 13.0 13.3 14.2 15.2 Plastics (million metric tons) US 2.8 9.7 10.2 12.8 12.9 14.7 16.0 16.6 16.7 USSR 0.3 1.7 2.8 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.3 Synthetic rubber (million metric tons) US 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 USSR 0.4 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 Trucks and buses (millions) US 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 USSR 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 Automobiles (millions) US 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.0 6.7 7.6 8.0 7.5 USSR 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 30 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 7 (continued) Commodity Production of the US and the USSR a Commodity 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Newsprint (million metric tons) US 1.8 3.0 3.2 4.2 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.9 5.1 USSR 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 Cement (million metric tons) US 56.1 67.4 61.8 68.2 57.5 63.9 70.5 70.7 72.4 USSR 45.5 95.2 122.1 125.0 123.7 128.2 130.0 131.0 135.0 Grain (million metric tons) US 181.3 186.7 249.2 269.7 332.9 207.5 314.6 347.0 315.8 USSR 125.6 186.8 140.1 189.1 186.8 192.2 172.6 191.7 210.1 Wheat (million metric tons) US 36.9 36.8 57.9 64.6 76.5 65.9 70.6 66.0 56.8 USSR 64.3 99.7 66.2 98.2 84.3 77.5 68.6 78.1 92.3 Coarse grain (million metric tons) US 141.9 146.1 185.5 198.4 250.7 137.1 237.7 274.9 252.9 USSR 61.1 85.8 71.9 88.3 93.2 103.3 92.5 101.6 107.3 Potatoes (million metric tons) US 11.7 14.8 14.6 13.7 16.0 15.2 16.4 18.3 16.5 USSR 84.4 96.8 88.7 67.0 78.2 82.9 85.5 73.0 87.2 Sugar (million metric tons) US 3.6 5.3 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.8 USSR 6.9 11.1 11.3 11.0 13.1 13.5 13.5 12.8 13.8 Meat (million metric tons) US 12.8 22.5 23.0 24.2 23.9 25.0 25.3 25.8 26.1 USSR 8.7 12.3 15.0 15.1 15.4 16.4 17.0 17.1 17.7 Milk (million metric tons) US 53.7 53.3 52.3 58.3 61.5 63.4 61.4 65.2 65.7 USSR 61.7 83.0 90.8 90.9 91.0 96.5 97.9 98.6 101.1 Ginned cotton (thousand metric tons) US 3,107 2,219 1,808 2,422 2,605 1,692 2,826 2,925 2,130 USSR 1,458 2,343 2,524 2,959 2,673 2,607 2,586 2,625 2,654 For more detailed definitions, exceptions, and methodology refer to the commodity tables. b Fertilizer year beginning 1 July of the stated year. 31 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Aggregative Trends Page Tables 8-11. Gross National Product 34-38 Table 12. Real Gross National Product Growth 39 Table 13. Real Gross National Product Per Capita Growth 40 Table 14. Economic Indicators for Selected Non-OPEC Less Developed Countries 41 Table 15. Economic Indicators for Selected Industrial Countries 42-43 Table 16. Agricultural Production Index 44 Tables 17-18. Industrial Production 45-46 Table 19. Defense Expenditures as a Share of Gross National Product 47 Table 20. Metal Prices 48 Table 21. Agricultural Prices 49 Table 22. OPEC Countries: Crude Oil Official Sales Price 50 Table 23. Wholesale Price Index in Non-Communist Countries 50 Table 24. Consumer Price Index 51 Table 25. Population 52-53 Tables 26-28. Labor Force 54-56 Table 29. Industrial Employment 57 Table 30. Big Seven: Unemployment Rates 58 Table 31. Big Seven: Personal Savings Rates 58 Table 32. Foreign Trade Exchange Rates of the Communist Countries 59 Table 33. East European Debt by Source 60 Table 34. Medium- and Long-Term Debt of Selected Less Developed Countries 61 Table 35. Selected Less Developed Countries: Vulnerability Ratios 62 Table 36. Less Developed Countries: Economic Trends 62 33 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 8 Estimated Real Gross National Product Billion 1986 US $ 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 World 6,370 10,400 12,400 14,700 14,900 15,300 15,900 16,400 16,800 Developed countries a 4,450 7,190 8,320 9,800 9,910 10,200 10,600 10,900 11,200 United States 1,907.2 2,756.5 3,065.9 3,598.5 3,580.5 3,702.9 3,947.6 4,059.1 4,160.6 Australia 84.2 140.3 170.6 194.8 201.2 202.6 216.8 226.0 231.2 Canada 147.8 244.5 315.2 382.0 382.8 395.0 417.2 433.6 446.1 Japan 314.0 853.5 1,053.5 1,342.0 1,433.2 1,478.9 1,552.7 1,622.5 1,658.3 Sweden 70.0 110.1 125.1 133.6 134.3 137.5 143.0 146.2 149.2 Switzerland 64.6 102.4 106.7 116.0 116.3 117.1 119.2 124.0 126.2 European Community 1,680 2,700 3,130 3,620 3,630 3,680 3,770 3,860 3,950 Belgium 56.9 92.0 109.0 126.2 126.6 126.2 128.3 130.2 132.5 France 288.5 496.1 603.9 708.8 725.1 730.0 741.4 749.2 762.6 Italy 252.6 439.9 495.6 598.5 596.7 595.5 612.3 626.6 644.1 Netherlands 81.7 134.0 156.9 178.5 174.7 177.2 181.3 184.5 189.2 Spain 109.6 222.4 290.6 320.4 323.6 329.4 335.5 343.2 352.8 United Kingdom 395.8 523.6 583.0 632.3 633.6 657.0 675.6 700.5 720.2 West Germany 412.6 641.1 709.8 837.0 830.3 842.8 866.3 888.9 908.3 Less developed countries b 461 870 1,220 1,590 1,640 1,660 1,730 1,790 1,850 Argentina 51.0 67.9 76.3 82.5 73.6 75.8 78.0 74.3 78.5 Brazil 51.4 104.8 171.3 237.9 236.2 228.7 239.0 258.8 280.0 China (Taiwan) 8.4 20.0 29.3 48.4 52.9 56.1 59.8 62.3 70.7 Egypt 6.4 9.2 12.0 17.4 21.1 23.0 23.3 24.1 25.5 India 78.8 115.0 133.0 158.0 173.2 186.3 193.0 200.0 210.0 Mexico 32.8 64.5 88.6 122.2 131.1 124.2 128.5 132.0 127.1 Pakistan 10.4 14.3 16.9 22.6 25.5 27.2 28.4 30.8 33.0 Philippines 11.4 18.9 25.4 34.3 36.7 37.1 35.4 34.1 34.2 South Korea 11.2 27.6 42.3 60.6 68.3 74.8 80.7 85.1 95.7 Thailand 7.4 15.8 21.5 30.9 34.2 36.2 38.4 40.0 41.5 OPEC Indonesia 19.7 28.4 41.9 61.3 67.6 70.5 74.8 76.2 76.2 Nigeria 28.1 49.3 66.2 77.6 75.3 68.9 65.1 66.7 62.7 Saudi Arabia 17.6 36.0 65.6 102.0 112.0 100.0 99.2 94.4 85.0 Venezuela 20.9 37.8 47.8 56.3 56.5 53.3 52.6 52.7 53.9 34 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 8 (continued) Estimated Real Gross National Product Billion 1986 US $ 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Communist countries 1,460 2,340 2,850 3,260 3,370 3,460 3,540 3,620 3,770 USSR and Eastern Europe 1,320 2,090 2,530 2,850 2,930 3,000 3,060 3,110 3,230 USSR e 923.5 1,511.7 1,801.5 2,050.2 2,130.5 2,185.3 2,214.1 2,254.3 2,356.7 Eastern Europe 396 578 732 804 803 818 847 851 874 Bulgaria 25.0 43.7 54.8 57.6 61.0 60.0 61.9 59.9 61.2 Czechoslovakia 76.7 102.1 120.4 134.1 136.0 138.0 141.3 141.9 143.9 East Germany 94.1 127.0 150.5 168.9 171.6 175.1 179.9 183.9 187.5 Hungary 43.8 61.6 72.4 80.0 83.5 82.7 85.0 82.9 84.0 Poland 113.9 172.5 236.4 244.9 229.5 240.6 249.6 252.2 259.8 Romania 42.8 70.8 97.9 118.8 121.5 121.6 128.9 130.1 137.5 Other China e NA 92.7 121.0 162.2 184.4 201.1 225.2 252.2 271.9 Yugoslavia d NA 80.7 100.6 132.7 136.3 137.0 140.8 140.8 145.0 a Data were converted to US dollars by the use of purchas- ing power parities used by the OECD. b Data were converted from national currencies by using the 1986 Par Rate/Market Rate factors. e Data for the USSR were constructed as follows: � Soviet GNP was estimated in 1982 rubles using the methodology described in Table 37. � The ruble estimates were multiplied by the geometric mean of two dollar-ruble ratios-one weighted with US price weights, the other with Soviet weights. For a discus- sion of this procedure, see "US and USSR: Comparisons of GNP," published in Soviet Economy in a Time of Change, Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, 10 October 1979, pp. 369-401. � The resulting GNP estimates in 1982 US dollars were converted to a 1986 price base using the US GNP implicit price deflator. d GNP estimates for Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugo- slavia are based on benchmark figures for 1975 in 1975 dollars in Kravis, Heston, and Summers, World Product and Income: International Comparisons of Real Gross Product, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. GNP 35 indexes in constant domestic currencies derived from official data were combined with the 1975 benchmarks to yield time series in 1975 dollars. The US GNP deflator was then applied to the series to convert 1975 dollars to 1986 dollars. For Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany, 1970 benchmarks were shifted to 1975 in proportion to the geometric mean of the benchmark shifts for Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The 1970 benchmarks were taken from UN Economic Bulletin for Europe, vol. 31, no. 2, 1980. e Official Chinese statistics. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 9 Gross National Product Price Deflators Index: 1970=100 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States 73.6 100.0 141.2 204.0 238.1 247.4 256.9 265.5 272.6 Australia 75.0 100.0 173.9 282.6 343.9 373.6 399.9 424.2 448.3 Canada 72.4 100.0 149.1 222.5 268.5 281.0 291.3 301.0 308.5 Japan 58.8 100.0 163.8 208.2 218.9 220.5 223.4 227.2 231.4 Sweden 65.9 100.0 153.7 251.3 298.8 328.0 353.0 377.2 400.7 Switzerland 65.4 100.0 148.4 165.9 190.3 196.6 202.1 207.5 215.3 European Community a 66.1 100.0 156.2 258.3 317.0 344.6 369.0 393.2 415.3 Belgium 71.3 100.0 151.8 199.0 223.3 237.5 250.0 262.8 272.0 France 65.2 100.0 152.5 247.8 311.9 341.8 366.3 388.1 405.5 Italy 64.3 100.0 177.0 395.9 551.5 634.1 702.7 764.4 818.2 Netherlands 60.1 100.0 155.1 208.6 233.4 237.7 243.0 248.7 246.6 Spain 54.0 100.0 178.8 409.8 522.0 582.8 646.5 702.7 775.5 United Kingdom 66.2 100.0 185.1 370.1 444.3 467.5 486.3 514.7 533.5 West Germany 69.6 100.0 137.3 167.8 182.2 188.1 191.7 196.0 200.3 a Gross domestic product deflators. 36 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 10 Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power and Exchange Rate Equivalents, 1986 Purchasing Power Equivalents a (Kravis) Purchasing Power Equivalents b (Gilbert) Average 1986 Par Rate/ Market Rate Average 1985 Exchange Rate Average 1973 Exchange Rate February 1973 Exchange Rate May 1972 Exchange Rate April 1971 Exchange Rate OECD Gross Domestic Product, 1986 (Billion US $) Belgium 128.8 132.7 110.9 83.4 127.1 122.8 110.5 99.1 Denmark 75.1 65.5 80.4 61.4 107.5 103.6 93.2 86.7 France 758.5 729.7 705.5 543.8 1,097.3 1,062.3 955.2 879.8 Italy 540.8 468.7 504.0 393.5 1,288.8 1,326.1 1,292.1 1,202.2 Japan 1,673.0 1,341.8 1,960.4 1,385.0 1,213.7 1,223.6 1,072.6 917.7 Netherlands 181.1 152.5 172.5 127.2 151.2 144.7 130.2 116.7 United Kingdom 615.0 581.1 545.5 482.0 911.8 925.9 968.9 892.4 West Germany 909.8 743.8 887.0 654.3 721.4 664.2 597.7 526.3 OECD Gross Domestic Product Per Capita, 1986 (United States= 100) Belgium 76 78 65 49 75 72 65 58 Denmark 85 74 91 69 122 117 105 98 France 79 76 74 57 115 111 100 92 Italy 55 47 51 40 130 134 131 122 Japan 80 64 94 66 58 58 51 44 Netherlands 72 61 69 51 60 58 52 46 United Kingdom 63 59 56 49 93 94 99 91 West Germany 86 71 84 62 68 63 57 50 a For the individual OECD countries, the ratios for convert- ing GDP in national currencies at 1986 prices into 1986 US dollars on the basis of purchasing power equivalents are derived from the 1975 ratios in World Product and Income: International Comparisons of Real GDP, published for the World Bank by the Johns Hopkins University Press, Balti- more and London, 1981, using the geometric mean of foreign and US weighted ratios. These 1975 GDP parities were moved to 1986 by applying the following factor: the derived price index for each OECD country for 1976-86 divided by a derived price index for the United States for 1976-86. These price indexes were derived for each country by dividing the growth of GDP in current prices by the growth of GDP in constant prices. The ratios thus obtained were applied to the GDP values, given in the national currencies in 1986 prices. b For the individual European OECD countries, the ratios for converting GDP in national currencies at 1986 prices into 1986 US dollars on the basis of US purchasing power equivalents are derived from the 1950 ratios in Milton Gilbert and Associates, Comparative National Products and Price Levels, OEEC, Paris, 1958, using the geometric mean 37 of European and US weighted ratios. These 1950 ratios were moved to 1986 by applying the following factor: the derived price index for each European country for 1951-86 divided by a derived price index for the United States for 1951-86. The ratios thus obtained were applied to the GDP values, given in the national currencies in 1986 prices. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 11 Gross National Product, by End Use, in the US and the USSR, 1986 . Billion 1982 Rubles USSR b US Billion 1982 US $ USSR as a USSR US Percent of US USSR as a Percent of US Geometric Mean of the Comparisons in Dollars and Rubles USSR as a Percent of US GNP 777 1,797 43 2,630 3,677 72 56 Of which: Consumption 408 1,506 27 1,252 2,586 48 36 New fixed investment 176 219 80 750 727 103 91 a The preferred procedure for making international econom- ic comparisons is to convert each country's GNP to the currency of the other. Two comparisons can then be made, one in rubles and one in dollars. The two comparisons will yield different answers. This phenomenon is commonly known as the "index number problem," and it results from differences in the relative price and quantity structures found in each country. Goods produced in relatively large quantities in either country tend to sell at relatively low prices in that country, and vice versa. Soviet GNP is, therefore, a larger share of US GNP when comparisons are made in dollars since dollars place a greater weight than ruble prices do on investment and defense goods, which account for larger shares of output in the Soviet Union than in the United States. The important point about index numbers is that valuations in either rubles or dollars are equally correct. When a single comparison of US and Soviet GNP is required, economists by convention often use the geometric mean of the ruble and dollar comparisons as a reasonable compromise that falls between the two. The geometric mean comparison is presented here, although the reader is cautioned that it is used for its presentational convenience and does not, strictly speaking, represent a more valid result than that presented in either currency. The estimate of Soviet GNP in dollars presented here is different from that given in Table 8, which uses the geometric mean of the comparisons for consistency with the other data in that table. The approach used in this table, however, is theoretically preferable. b The above Soviet GNP data in established prices should not be used in conjunction with Soviet foreign trade data appearing in Tables 66-68. These latter tables use official foreign exchange rates to derive dollar values for trade; we have yet to estimate the value of Soviet foreign trade in terms of actual purchasing power, which would allow for an estimate of the share of foreign trade in Soviet national income. The magnitudes for the Soviet end-use components were calculated to measure value of output compared with the United States but not the cost in resources. The share of 38 total economic resources devoted to a particular end use (such as defense) or the share of total output originating in an individual sector (for example, agriculture or industry) in the USSR should be measured in internal ruble prices and costs. The identified end uses of GNP are defined as follows: (1) Consumption includes personal expenditures for goods and services for all purposes and noninvestment outlays by government for goods and services for health and education. (2) New fixed investment is defined as the sum of expendi- tures for gross private domestic investment net of inven- tories; for public construction other than that for military facilities; and for equipment purchased by the government except that for defense. Since part of Soviet capital repair is considered new investment in the Western sense, a portion of Soviet expenditures on capital repair is included in Soviet new fixed investment. Other uses of GNP include defense, space, research and development, inventory change, administration, net exports, and a statistical discrepancy. The total value for these expenditures cannot be derived for the USSR by subtrac- tion, however. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 12 Real Gross National Product Growth Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 OECD 5.2 4.6 3.0 3.3 -0.5 2.5 4.6 3.0 2.4 United States 4.6 3.0 2.2 3.4 -2.5 3.5 6.4 2.7 2.5 Australia 4.8 5.6 4.0 2.7 0 0.7 7.0 4.2 2.3 Canada 5.7 4.6 5.2 3.9 -3.4 3.2 5.6 3.9 2.9 Japan 10.1 11.0 4.3 5.0 2.8 3.2 5.0 4.5 2.2 Sweden 5.2 4.1 2.6 1.3 0.8 2.4 4.0 2.2 2.1 Switzerland 5.3 4.2 0.8 1.7 -1.2 0.7 1.8 4.0 1.8 European Community 5.0 4.6 3.0 3.0 0.5 1.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 Belgium 5.0 4.8 3.5 3.0 1.9 NEGL 1.7 1.5 1.8 France 5.8 5.4 4.0 3.3 1.8 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.8 Italy 5.2 6.2 2.4 3.8 -0.5 -0.2 2.8 2.3 2.8 Netherlands 4.8 5.3 3.2 2.6 -1.4 1.4 2.3 1.8 2.5 Spain 8.5 6.2 5.5 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.8 United Kingdom 3.2 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.4 3.7 2.8 3.7 2.8 West Germany 4.8 4.2 2.1 3.4 -1.0 0.3 2.8 2.6 2.2 Less developed countries 6.3 6.7 7.0 5.5 1.5 1.4 4.1 3.2 3.5 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR a 4.9 5.1 3.0 2.3 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.1 4.2 Eastern Europe 3.9 3.8 4.9 1.9 0.9 1.9 3.5 0.5 2.7 Bulgaria 6.4 5.1 4.7 1.0 3.2 -1.7 3.2 -3.3 2.2 Czechoslovakia 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.4 0.4 1.4 East Germany 3.0 3.1 3.5 2.3 -0.4 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.0 Hungary 3.9 3.0 3.3 2.0 3.6 -1.0 2.8 -2.6 1.4 Poland 4.5 4.0 6.5 0.7 -0.9 4.8 3.7 1.0 3.0 Romania 5.4 4.9 6.7 3.9 2.1 0.1 6.0 1.0 5.6 Other China NA NA 5.5 6.1 8.3 9.1 12.0 12.0 7.8 North Korea 9.8 5.5 10.4 4.1 3.7 0.9 2.7 NA NA Yugoslavia NA NA 4.5 5.7 1.6 0.5 2.7 0 3.0 a At factor cost. 39 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 13 Real Gross National Product Per Capita Growth Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 OECD United States 3.1 1.9 1.2 2.2 -3.5 2.4 5.6 1.9 1.5 Australia 2.8 3.6 2.3 1.6 -0.7 -0.6 5.8 2.9 1.0 Canada 3.8 2.9 3.8 2.7 -4.5 2.2 4.6 3.0 1.9 Japan 9.0 9.7 2.8 4.0 2.1 2.5 4.3 3.9 1.6 Sweden 4.5 3.3 2.2 1.0 0.8 2.4 3.9 2.1 1.9 Switzerland 3.1 3.1 0.4 1.7 -1.8 0.5 1.4 3.6 1.4 European Community 4.1 3.9 2.4 2.6 0.2 1.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 Belgium 4.3 4.4 3.2 2.8 1.8 -0.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 France 4.4 4.5 3.2 2.8 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.7 1.4 Italy 4.5 5.5 1.8 3.5 -0.7 -0.5 2.5 2.1 2.5 Netherlands 3.4 4.1 2.2 1.9 -1.9 1.0 1.9 1.3 2.1 United Kingdom 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 3.6 2.6 3.4 2.6 West Germany 3.8 3.4 1.7 3.4 -0.9 1.9 3.2 2.9 2.5 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 3.3 4.0 2.1 1.4 1.7 2.3 0.5 0.2 3.2 Eastern Europe 3.2 3.1 4.2 1.3 0.4 1.4 3.1 0.2 2.4 Bulgaria 5.5 4.4 4.1 0.7 2.9 -1.9 3.0 -3.2 2.2 Czechoslovakia 1.6 3.2 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 2.1 0.2 1.2 East Germany 3.2 3.1 3.7 2.5 -0.2 2.0 2.9 2.4 2.1 Hungary 3.6 2.7 3.0 1.6 3.7 -0.8 3.0 -2.4 1.6 Poland 3.3 3.2 5.5 -0.2 -1.8 3.9 2.8 0.3 2.3 Romania 4.7 3.6 5.7 3.0 1.5 -0.3 5.6 0.5 5.1 Other China NA 5.5 3.3 4.7 6.7 8.1 10.8 10.8 6.3 North Korea 6.6 2.7 7.3 3.7 1.7 -1.6 NEGL NA NA Yugoslavia NA NA 3.5 4.8 0.8 -0.2 2.0 -0.7 2.3 40 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 14 Economic Indicators for Selected Non-OPEC Less Developed Countries Percent change 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 190 1984 1985 1986 Industrial production China (Taiwan) 20.5 5.4 8.1 6.8 -0.6 14.1 12.2 1.4 14.9 India 1.6 4.7 1.2 0.7 4.7 4.4 5.7 6.5 5.8 Mexico 10.1 4.7 11.2 9.8 -3.3 -8.0 4.3 5.1 -5.1 South Korea 33.5 18.9 11.7 -1.8 5.0 15.8 15.0 4.0 32.3 Consumer price inflation Brazil 12.7 28.9 52.7 82.8 97.9 142.0 196.7 235.1 65.0 China (Taiwan) 8.2 5.2 9.8 19.0 3.1 1.4 NEGL -0.2 0.7 India 17.8 5.6 2.5 11.4 7.9 11.9 6.4 6.3 10.0 Mexico 12.0 15.2 18.2 26.3 58.9 101.9 65.5 57.8 86.2 South Korea 3.2 25.3 18.3 28.7 7.3 3.4 2.3 2.5 2.8 Wholesale price inflation Brazil 15.3 27.8 55.9 106.5 92.0 168.2 236.2 225.7 59.9 China (Taiwan) 22.9 -5.1 13.8 21.5 -0.2 -1.4 -0.7 -2.6 -3.4 India 16.4 4.0 11.4 20.3 2.5 7.8 7.0 5.6 6.5 Mexico 16.0 10.4 18.3 24.4 56.1 107.3 70.3 53.6 88.1 South Korea 6.9 26.1 18.8 38.9 4.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 -2.8 Money supply Brazil 41.8 33.6 73.6 70.0 69.7 92.0 203.5 305.5 303.8 China (Taiwan) 49.3 26.9 7.7 22.7 14.6 18.4 9.3 12.2 51.4 India 16.5 8.1 20.8 12.3 17.4 12.6 18.5 15.0 18.0 Mexico 24.2 21.3 33.1 33.1 62.1 41.2 63.0 50.8 67.9 South Korea 51.4 26.1 20.7 16.3 45.6 17.0 0.6 15.6 18.6 41 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 15 Economic Indicators for Selected Industrial Countries . Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1961-70 1971-75 1976-80 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Industrial production United States 5.0 1.8 5.1 -7.2 5.9 11.2 2.0 1.0 Canada 6.2 4.0 3.4 -10.0 5.3 8.8 4.3 NA Japan 13.6 1.5 6.6 0.4 3.5 11.1 4.6 -0.4 France 5.8 3.0 3.0 -1.5 1.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 Italy 7.0 1.6 5.5 -3.1 -3.2 3.3 1.2 2.7 United Kingdom 2.8 0.6 1.7 2.1 3.9 1.3 4.7 1.9 West Germany 5.8 0.9 3.4 -3.2 0.3 3.3 3.9 2.3 Consumer prices United States 2.7 6.7 8.9 6.2 3.2 4.3 3.6 1.9 Canada 2.7 7.3 8.7 10.8 5.8 4.3 4.0 4.2 Japan 5.7 11.5 6.5 2.6 1.9 2.3 2.0 0.6 France 4.1 8.8 10.5 12.0 9.5 7.7 5.8 2.5 Italy 3.9 11.3 16.3 16.4 14.9 10.6 8.6 6.1 United Kingdom 4.1 13.0 14.4 8.6 4.6 5.0 6.1 3.4 West Germany 2.6 6.1 4.0 5.3 3.3 2.4 2.2 -0.2 Export prices (unit values, US dollar basis) United States 2.0 12.0 8.3 1.5 1.0 1.4 -0.6 0.4 Canada 1.4 12.2 7.9 3.9 0.2 -0.4 -3.5 -5.2 Japan -0.4 12.5 8.0 -6.4 -2.4 0.2 -0.6 20.7 France 1.3 15.2 9.2 -5.5 -4.8 -2.9 2.5 NA Italy 0.5 14.3 10.9 -3.0 -4.4 -5.1 -0.3 21.9 United Kingdom NA 12.7 15.6 -7.3 -6.2 -5.1 2.3 7.9 West Germany 2.6 16.0 10.5 -2.8 -3.2 -7.1 0 32.0 Import prices (unit values, US dollar basis) United States 1.5 16.7 12.5 -2.0 -3.7 1.7 -2.4 -3.3 Canada � 1.4 10.6 8.2 -1.1 0.6 1.0 -2.1 -2.3 Japan 0.6 20.4 12.5 -7.4 -5.0 -2.8 -4.3 -13.4 France 0.6 16.0 10.5 -7.2 -7.0 -3.8 -0.4 NA Italy 1.1 19.6 12.5 -5.3 -6.6 -3.7 -1.0 4.9 United Kingdom NA 17.0 12.2 -6.1 -5.7 -4.5 0.5 5.1 West Germany 1.5 16.1 12.8 -4.7 -5.2 -4.8 -1.5 9.3 42 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 15 (continued) Economic Indicators for Selected Industrial Countries a Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1961-70 1971-75 1976-80 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Productivity in manufacturing (output per hour) United States 2.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 5.8 4.1 4.4 3.5 Canada 4.1 3.2 2.1 -2.4 6.5 3.1 2.3 -0.5 Japan 10.8 6.2 6.9 6.1 5.4 7.2 7.3 2.7 France 6.7 4.9 4.8 6.1 4.3 3.9 3.4 1.9 Italy 7.1 4.6 5.1 2.0 2.6 6.4 1.6 1.2 United Kingdom 3.6 3.7 1.3 6.2 8.3 5.3 3.6 3.0 West Germany 5.9 4.8 3.8 1.4 5.8 3.7 4.4 1.9 Unit labor costs in manufacturing (in US dollars) United States 1.9 5.2 7.3 6.1 -2.5 -0.5 0.6 -0.5 Canada 1.7 7.6 5.5 10.3 -0.2 -2.2 -3.4 2.0 Japan 3.2 17.3 6.1 -12.1 2.5 -3.9 -2.7 42.6 France 1.2 16.3 9.0 -8.1 -7.1 -8.7 0.1 32.8 Italy 4.6 15.6 6.3 -0.7 1.1 - 9.5 0.1 31.9 United Kingdom 2.1 13.8 16.4 -10.3 -14.1 -10.3 0.3 18.7 West Germany 5.2 15.6 10.8 -4.2 -5.3 -9.4 -3.0 39.8 Export volume United States 5.9 7.4 6.6 -10.5 -6.4 7.2 -1.6 0.8 Canada 9.8 2.8 6.2 0.4 8.3 22.6 4.0 4.2 Japan 17.5 9.9 9.5 -2.2 8.4 15.4 4.9 -1.2 France 8.5 7.6 6.7 -2.9 3.4 6.5 1.9 0.2 Italy 12.8 6.2 5.9 1.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.0 United Kingdom 4.8 4.5 5.1 3.2 1.6 8.7 5.8 1.8 West Germany 9.5 4.6 6.2 2.9 -0.2 9.6 6.4 2.2 Import volume United States 8.7 2.5 6.6 -4.6 9.9 24.1 8.7 10.8 Canada 7.9 9.2 3.2 -16.2 15.4 20.6 5.5 4.5 Japan 14.7 3.9 6.2 -0.7 1.4 10.8 0.1 12.8 France 10.9 6.2 8.8 2.9 -1.6 1.6 4.9 8.5 Italy 11.0 0.7 7.5 0.3 0.8 7.4 8.2 7.2 United Kingdom 4.4 3.9 3.4 5.1 8.7 9.5 3.4 3.8 West Germany 10.3 3.5 6.4 1.0 4.0 5.5 4.5 7.8 a Growth rates were derived from unrounded data. 43 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 16 Agricultural Production Index 1970=100 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Developed countries 92 100 113 122 129 123 132 133 132 United States 98 100 113 124 138 114 133 142 134 Canada 107 100 116 129 151 143 140 144 155 European Community France 95 100 108 123 127 123 133 132 129 Italy 89 100 108 120 116 128 119 122 120 United Kingdom 92 100 105 123 123 126 138 130 130 West Germany 85 100 102 111 120 116 125 119 123 Less developed countries 85 100 115 132 142 148 154 158 162 Africa 88 100 108 114 119 117 120 128 132 Far East 81 100 116 133 141 152 155 160 163 Latin America 88 100 114 132 141 141 145 151 149 Middle East 85 100 122 138 149 149 146 153 161 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR a 84 100 98 102 108 120 122 122 129 Eastern Europe b 91 100 120 127 128 127 136 135 141 Bulgaria 91 100 110 117 130 122 127 118 128 Czechoslovakia 83 100 114 125 126 132 136 135 136 East Germany 94 100 118 126 121 125 132 137 139 Hungary 91 100 125 145 155 153 160 148 150 Poland 92 100 118 114 111 107 117 120 125 Romania 91 100 133 156 157 158 177 170 187 Other China c 82 100 121 156 184 202 231 NA NA North Korea d 90 100 154 131 191 183 189 195 180 Yugoslavia 87 100 117 134 145 143 144 135 141 a Estimates based on the value of crop production plus the value of livestock output and changes in livestock numbers, but minus feed, seed, and waste. Values have been changed from 1970 average realized prices to 1982 average realized prices. b Estimates based on the value of crop production plus the value of livestock products, with allowance for changes in livestock numbers, but minus feed (including grain imported for feed), seed, and waste. c Index of gross value of agricultural output. d Based on official grain claims. 44 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 17 Index of Industrial Production for Communist Countries 1970= 100 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 a USSR and Eastern Europe b USSR Official 44 100 143 178 190 198 206 214 224 Adjusted 54 100 130 149 152 156 160 164 170 Eastern Europe Adjusted 55 100 130 147 144 148 153 155 158 Bulgaria Official 34 100 155 206 227 237 247 255 266 Adjusted 34 100 132 156 164 167 171 170 172 Czechoslovakia Official 55 100 138 174 179 184 192 198 204 Adjusted 64 100 121 139 143 146 148 150 153 East Germany Official 55 100 137 174 188 196 204 213 222 Adjusted 65 100 118 137 141 143 147 151 154 Hungary Official 51 100 137 161 170 171 176 177 179 Adjusted 56 100 114 127 130 132 135 136 138 Poland Official 45 100 164 207 180 192 202 211 220 Adjusted 51 100 144 148 126 134 138 140 144 Romania Official 30 100 184 289 302 321 344 371 399 Adjusted 35 100 155 193 195 200 211 213 221 Other North Korea c Official 30 100 228 433 556 NA NA NA NA Yugoslavia Official 46 100 146 203 213 215 227 233 242 Adjusted NA 100 132 187 191 193 200 203 209 a Preliminary. b The official indexes purportedly measure changes in the gross value of industrial production. In general, the gross value of production equals the sum of the value of output of all industrial enterprises. As a result, since both intermedi- ate and final goods are included in the value of output of each enterprise, industrial products are double counted. For example, steel used in producing automobiles is counted in the value of both steel output and automobile output. In addition to overstatement in the official indicator from this source, disguised inflation also enters the index through new-product pricing, where minor product improvements result in a new-product price that is substantially higher than can be justified by either improved quality or increased production costs. Because output of these "new" products grows from a small base, their rates of growth will proceed at a higher rate than those of "old" products. Adjusted indexes of industrial production�parallel to 45 those used by the Federal Reserve Board for measuring US industrial output�are constructed in order to circumvent most of these distortions, that is, price-weighted samples of products form output indexes for various industrial compo- nents and these component indexes are combined into an aggregate index for industry by use of 1982 value-added weights. c An adjusted index is not available. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 18 Index of Industrial Production for Selected Countries a 1960 OECD United States 62 Canada 55 Japan 28 European Community France Italy United Kingdom West Germany 62 50 76 60 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 54 Eastern Europe 55 Bulgaria 34 Czechoslovakia 64 East Germany 65 Hungary 56 Poland Romania Other 51 35 China d Yugoslavia 57 NA a Indexes for the non-Communist countries are value-added weighted indexes of intermediate and final products of industry. Industry includes manufacturing, mining, and, in most countries, public utilities. The indexes for the Commu- nist countries are estimates of CIA (see Table 17 for detailed explanation)�constructed as nearly as possible on the same basis as the indexes for Western countries�or other calcula- tions accepted by CIA. The indexes for the Communist countries include manufacturing, mining, and public utilities. 1970=100 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b 100 108 138 131 139 155 158 159 100 121 142 128 135 147 153 NA 100 108 149 151 156 174 182 181 100 115 133 128 129 132 133 134 100 108 129 123 119 123 124 128 100 100 105 103 107 108 114 116 100 101 120 113 113 118 122 125 100 130 149 152 156 160 164 170 100 130 147 144 148 153 155 158 100 132 156 164 167 171 170 172 100 121 139 143 146 148 150 153 100 118 137 141 143 147 151 154 100 114 127 130 132 135 136 138 100 144 148 126 134 138 140 144 100 155 193 195 200 211 213 221 100 159 240 269 297 339 400 437 100 132 187 191 193 200 203 209 b Preliminary. c Index of gross values of output for individual commodities and branches are aggregated by 1982 value-added weights. The three sectors covered�materials, machinery, and non- durable consumer goods�constitute 50 percent, 33 percent, and 17 percent, respectively, of the value-added weights for industrial production. This index is as comparable as data will permit with the index of US industrial production of the US Federal Reserve Board. 46 d CIA estimates for 1960-75 were computed by applying value-added weights to data for commodity production. The data are fragmentary and uncertain; therefore, the index should be regarded as providing only a tentative indication of the general level and trend in production. The index for 1980-86 follows the trend for reported gross value of industrial output. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 19 Defense Expenditures as a Share of Gross National Product Percent 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 OECD. Australia 4.4 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 Austria 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 Belgium 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 Canada 3.0 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 Denmark 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 Finland 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 France 5.2 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 Greece 3.5 4.7 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.5 6.8 6.8 6.3 7.2 Ireland 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 Italy 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 Japan 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Luxembourg 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Netherlands 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 New Zealand 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 Norway 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.9 Portugal 6.0 6.5 5.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 Spain 2.7 3.1 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 Sweden 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 Switzerland 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 Turkey 5.0 4.2 5.8 5.2 4.4 4.4 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.5 United Kingdom 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.3 United States 7.2 7.6 5.6 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.2 West Germany 4.3 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 Less developed countries NA 5.8 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 OPEC NA 5.6 9.8 9.6 7.8 7.7 8.5 9.0 9.5 9.4 Iran NA 7.8 17.6 16.6 8.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 5.2 7.2 Nigeria NA 5.9 5.5 3.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.2 1.7 Saudi Arabia NA 11.9 17.4 15.9 18.1 14.4 12.9 15.7 23.4 21.3 . Except for the United States, data are from the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, based on the ratio of military expenditures to GNP at current market prices. Military expenditures are for current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces, includ- ing expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs; expenditures for the military components of such 47 mixed activities as atomic energy, space, and research and development; military assistance to foreign countries; and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute substantially to a country's military capabilities. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 20 Metal Prices 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Aluminum a (US cents per pound) 27.23 24.50 28.72 39.79 71.64 76.00 77.70 81.00 81.00 81.00 Copper b (US cents per pound) 30.74 58.51 64.17 55.85 98.68 67.10 72.00 62.40 64.50 62.30 Lead e (US cents per pound) 9.02 14.39 13.78 18.66 41.10 24.70 19.30 20.00 17.70 18.40 Nickel d (US cents per pound) 74.00 78.70 129.00 205.83 347.25 320.00 320.00 320.00 320.00 320.00 Tin e (US cents per pound) 99.60 179.40 166.70 310.20 761.30 581.60 590.90 556.60 543.20 280.80 Zinc e (US cents per pound) 11.09 14.11 13.40 33.68 34.40 33.70 34.70 41.50 35.40 34.50 Silver f (US $ per troy ounce) 0.91 1.29 1.77 4.42 20.70 7.90 11.40 8.10 6.10 5.50 Gold e (US $ per troy ounce) 35.28 35.13 35.98 160.47 612.10 375.50 424.40 360.00 317.20 366.10 Platinum (US $ per troy ounce) 83.21 98.04 132.50 164.50 439.50 475.00 475.00 475.00 475.00 517.00 Iron ore h (US $ per metric ton) 17.00 16.00 15.00 23.00 27.00 26.00 24.00 24.00 23.00 22.00 Manganese ore (US $ per long ton) 45.00 39.00 28.00 70.60 78.50 79.90 73.30 69.80 68.40 65.50 Steel scrap (US $ per long ton) 33.20 34.27 44.95 71.86 91.20 63.10 73.20 36.40 74.40 73.40 Chrome ore i (US $ per metric ton) 18.93 19.31 23.12 39.78 55.00 50.90 50.00 50.00 43.90 40.00 Finished steel composite k (US $ per long ton)139.00 142.60 171.30 293.40 486.20 567.30 590.20 611.60 617.80 555.40 a Virgin unalloyed ingot at New York. b London Metal Exchange electrolytic wirebars. e London Metal Exchange refined pig lead, minimum 99.97 percent. d US major producer of cathodes, spot, f.o.b. refinery. e London Metal Exchange. f US price (New York). Major producers, New York. h Brazil (North Sea ports). 48 Number 1, heavy melting average. South African ports. k Weighted index of steel shapes. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 21 Agricultural Prices US $ per metric ton 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Beef. NA 882 1,304 1,327 2,760 2,368 2,449 2,227 2,130 2,099 Cocoa b NA 355 655 1,239 2,502 1,638 2,030 2,341 2,176 1,969 Coffee. 915 1,005 1,147 1,442 3,399 3,086 2,910 3,175 3,153 3,770 COrn d 57 64 66 130 150 123 148 150 125 101 Cotton NA NA NA 1,434 2,055 1,642 1,890 1,409 1,276 1,048 Palm oil f 228 273 260 429 583 445 502 730 501 257 Rice g NA NA 188 417 598 481 514 514 484 348 Rubber, natural h 842 567 465 659 1,620 1,001 1,239 1,093 926 944 Soybeans' 92 117 117 220 296 244 282 283 225 208 Soybean meal i 78 94 103 155 257 219 238 197 157 185 Soybean oil k 224 270 291 563 598 447 527 727 571 342 Sugar' NA 47 83 452 640 186 187 114 89 133 Team 1,422 1,280 1,092 1,375 2,235 1,929 1,982 2,319 1,984 1,929 Wheat" NA NA 64 156 209 187 183 182 169 148 a Boneless Australian, f.o.b., New York. h New York cocoa bean futures prices. Average of nearest three active futures trading months. . Other muds, New York. d US No. 3 yellow, c.i.f., Rotterdam. World Cotton Prices, "A" index, c.i.f., OSAKA. f Malaysian, Europe. g US No. 2, milled, 4 percent, c.i.f., Rotterdam. h Smoked sheets, New York. US No. 2, yellow, c.i.f., Rotterdam. 49 1 US, c.i.f., Rotterdam. k Netherlands, f.o.b., ex-mill. World raw cane, f.o.b., Caribbean ports, spot prices. m London, average price all teas. n US No. 2, DNS, c.i.f., Rotterdam. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 22 World Crude Oil Prices US $ per barrel 1973 1974 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OPEC official average sales price a 3.39 b 11.28 11.02 18.67 30.87 33.63 29.31 28.70 28.14 23.49 World average price NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27.16 15.35 a F.o.b. prices set by the government for direct sales and, in most cases, for the producing company buy-back oil. Weighted by the volume of production. b Posted prices. Table 23 Wholesale Price Index in Non-Communist Countries a 1970= 100 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 85 100 148 224 254 259 264 266 263 Canada 81 100 168 269 315 328 343 352 355 Japan 89 100 149 192 195 194 194 192 183 European Community Belgium 82 100 136 161 184 190 196 201 195 France 77 100 149 217 268 298 337 352 342 Italy 77 100 192 394 534 599 658 711 743 Netherlands 81 100 138 177 205 203 214 216 191 United Kingdom 74 100 185 369 436 460 488 515 538 West Germany 88 100 133 161 179 181 187 191 185 a Producer prices in manufacturing. 50 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 24 Consumer Price Index 1970=100 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 76 100 139 212 249 257 267 277 282 Canada 77 100 142 217 270 286 298 310 323 Japan 57 100 172 237 255 260 266 272 273 European Community Belgium 74 100 150 204 238 256 272 286 290 France 67 100 153 252 320 351 378 400 410 Italy 68 100 171 365 506 582 643 699 741 Netherlands 66 100 151 202 229 235 243 249 249 United Kingdom 67 100 184 360 438 458 481 510 527 West Germany 77 100 135 165 184 190 195 199 199 Communist countries USSR a 94 100 110 120 129 131 132 136 137 Eastern Europe b Bulgaria 73 100 116 161 168 175 179 184 194 Czechoslovakia 73 100 111 126 130 132 134 137 138 East Germany 89 100 102 112 117 116 119 122 122 Hungary 81 100 122 166 188 204 220 239 258 Poland 78 100 130 202 473 .575 667 779 952 Romania NA 100 116 139 177 186 188 180 180 Other China 93 100 101 115 120 123 126 141 151 Yugoslavia d 32 100 241 561 1,039 1,464 2,243 3,892 7,359 a Implicit price index obtained from a comparison of indexes of goods sold in the retail trade network in constant and in current prices. The current price index is based on the values of total retail and collective farm market sales in current prices regularly published in Soviet statistical abstracts. The index in constant 1982 prices is derived from the goods components of the CIA index of total consumption. A more complete explanation of the methodology and a discussion of the relative merits of an "official" or "alternative" price index are contained in "Soviet Economy in a New Perspec- tive," US Congress, Joint Economic Committee, 14 October 1976, p.631. b Calculated differently from that for the USSR; the official index of personal consumption in current prices was deflated by a calculated index of personal consumption in constant prices. An explanation of the methodology is presented in Thad P. Alton, Gregor Lazarcik, Elizabeth M. Bass, and Wassyl Znayenko, "Official and Alternative Consumer 51 Price Indexes in Eastern Europe: Selected Years, 1960-81," Occasional Paper No. 73 of the Research Project on National Income in East Central Europe (NY: L. W. International Financial Research, Inc., 1982). c Cost-of-living index for workers and staff members. Chi- nese official statistics. d Cost-of-living index from official Yugoslav statistics. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 25 Population Million persons at midyear 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 641.7 715.8 751.2 780.8 792.5 798.0 803.3 808.7 814.3 United States 180.7 205.1 216.0 227.7 232.5 234.8 237.0 239.3 241.6 Australia 10.4 12.7 13.8 14.8 15.1 15.3 15.5 15.7 15.9 Austria 7.0 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Canada 17.9 21.3 22.7 24.1 24.7 24.9 25.1 25.4 25.6 Finland 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Iceland 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Japan 94.1 104.3 111.6 116.8 118.5 119.3 120.0 120.8 121.4 New Zealand 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 Norway 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 Sweden 7.5 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 Switzerland 5.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 Turkey 28.2 35.8 40.5 45.1 47.3 48.4 49.5 50.7 51.8 European Community 280.0 303.4 312.5 318.0 319.8 320.5 321.2 322.0 322.8 Belgium 9.1 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 Denmark 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 France 45.7 50.8 52.8 53.9 54.4 54.6 54.9 55.2 55.4 Greece 8.3 8.8 9.0 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 10.0 Ireland 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Italy 50.2 53.7 55.6 56.5 56.6 56.8 57.0 57.1 57.2 Luxembourg 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Netherlands 11.5 13.0 13.7 14.1 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.5 14.6 Portugal 9.0 9.0 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.2 Spain 30.6 33.9 35.6 37.5 38.0 38.2 38.4 38.6 38.8 United Kingdom 52.4 55.6 56.2 56.3 56.3 56.4 56.5 56.6 56.8 West Germany 55.4 60.7 61.8 61.6 61.6 61.4 61.2 61.0 61.0 Less developed countries Bangladesh 54.6 67.4 76.3 88.1 93.3 95.9 98.7 101.4 104.2 Brazil 71.7 95.7 108.7 123.2 129.7 133.1 136.5 140.0 143.5 Burma 22.8 27.4 30.2 33.4 35.0 35.7 36.5 37.2 38.0 Egypt 26.8 33.6 37.0 42.2 45.1 46.4 47.8 49.1 50.5 India 445.9 555.0 621.0 689.0 719.8 735.6 751.6 767.7 783.9 Indonesia 100.7 122.7 137.5 154.9 162.1 165.8 169.4 173.1 176.7 52 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 25 (continued) Population Million persons at midyear 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Less developed countries (continued) Iran 21.6 28.9 33.4 39.2 42.2 43.8 45.4 47.0 48.6 Mexico 38.6 52.8 61.5 70.1 73.6 75.3 76.9 78.6 80.2 Nigeria 51.1 66.8 77.1 90.0 95.9 97.7 99.9 102.8 105.5 Pakistan 50.4 65.7 74.7 85.2 91.3 93.7 96.2 99.0 101.8 Philippines 28.6 38.7 44.4 50.9 53.7 55.2 56.7 58.3 59.9 South Korea 24.8 32.2 35.3 38.1 39.3 39.9 40.5 41.1 41.6 Thailand 27.5 37.1 42.3 46.9 48.9 49.8 50.8 51.8 52.7 Communist countries 1,039.3 1,264.7 1,387.0 1,475.9 1,510.8 1,529.6 1,548.0 1,565.5 1,584.4 USSR and Eastern Europe 310.9 345.8 360.9 375.7 381.5 384.5 387.5 390.5 393.5 USSR 214.3 242.8 254.8 266.4 271.1 273.6 276.3 278.9 281.5 Eastern Europe 96.6 103.0 106.1 109.3 110.4 110.8 111.3 111.7 112.1 Bulgaria 7.9 8.5 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0 Czechoslovakia 13.7 14.3 14.8 15.3 15.4 15.4 15.5 15.5 15.5 East Germany 17.1 17.1 16.8 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.6 16.6 Hungary 10.0 10.3 10.5 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.6 Poland 29.6 32.5 34.0 35.6 36.2 36.6 36.9 37.2 37.5 Romania 18.4 20.3 21.2 22.2 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.7 22.8 Other Albania 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 Cambodia 5.4 7.1 6.7 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.4 China 650.7 820.4 917.9 983.4 1,008.2 1,021.5 1,034.4 1,046.2 1,059.4 Cuba 7.0 8.5 9.3 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.2 Laos 2.3 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 Mongolia 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 North Korea 10.5 13.9 15.9 17.9 18.7 19.2 19.6 20.4 20.9 Vietnam 31.5 42.4 47.9 53.6 56.2 57.6 59.0 60.5 62.0 Yugoslavia 18.4 20.4 21.3 22.3 22.6 22.8 23.0 23.1 23.3 53 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 26 Labor Force Million persons at midyear 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States h 71.49 84.89 95.45 108.54 111.87 113.23 115.24 117.17 119.54 Canada h 6.58 8.49 10.05 11.65 12.03 12.26 12.47 12.72 12.95 Japan h 44.33 50.97 52.77 55.98 57.22 58.35 58.72 59.06 59.66 European Community France 20.04 21.36 22.37 23.36 23.73 23.71 23.86 23.87 24.08 Italy 21.19 20.10 20.43 21.53 21.79 21.94 22.07 22.20 22.37 United Kingdom 24.65 25.48 26.07 26.84 26.90 26.94 27.28 27.46 27.47 West Germany h 26.28 26.74 26.65 27.05 27.24 27.28 27.40 27.63 27.83 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 158 178 191 203 206 207 208 209 210 USSR c 110.13 125.57 136.64 147.37 150.28 151.43 152.44 153.32 154.10 Eastern Europe d 47.4 52.3 54.3 55.3 55.6 55.7 55.8 56.0 56.4 Bulgaria h 4.83 5.08 5.20 5.23 5.20 5.19 5.18 5.17 5.16 Czechoslovakia 6.25 7.25 7.65 7.94 7.97 7.99 8.02 8.06 8.14 East Germany 7.99 8.22 8.40 8.72 8.81 8.87 8.92 8.94 8.96 Hungary 4.68 5.00 5.09 5.04 4.99 4.96 4.93 4.90 4.88 Poland 14.13 16.85 17.88 18.06 18.19 18.22 18.30 18.42 18.61 Romania 9.53 9.88 10.11 10.34 10.40 10.44 10.48 10.54 10.63 Other China e 258.80 344.32 381.68 418.96 447.06 460.04 475.97 498.73 NA Cuba" NA 2.40 NA 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.40 3.40 3.50 Vietnam 8.50 10.95 12.50 26.50 27.90 29.00 30.10 31.20 , 31.90 Yugoslavia h 8.42 8.05 8.33 9.00 9.21 9.34 9.40 9.53 9.61 Unless otherwise indicated, data include the armed forces and the unemployed. h Annual averages of monthly data. c Data are from Revised and Updated Estimates and Pro- jections of Labor Force and Employment in the USSR, by Stephen Rapawy and Ward Kingkade US Bureau of the Census, unpublished draft, December 1986. d Excluding the armed forces. e Data are as of the end of the year. f Employment data. s Excluding the armed forces and prior to 1980, South Vietnam. h Excludes workers temporarily employed abroad. 54 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 27 Agricultural Labor Force Million persons at midyear 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 5.57 3.57 3.50 3.53 3.57 3.54 3.47 3.34 3.35 Canada 0.80 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.56 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 Japan 12.80 8.49 6.38 5.51 5.25 5.06 4.86 4.82 4.69 European Community France 4.30 2.75 2.16 1.85 1.74 1.68 1.63 1.58 NA Italy 6.51 3.84 3.24 2.90 2.52 2.52 2.39 2.26 NA United Kingdom 1.12 0.78 0.68 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.62 West Germany 3.62 2.26 1.77 1.44 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 65.3 53.2 49.9 47.0 47.2 47.2 47.2 46.8 46.3 USSR a 45.44 36.97 36.08 34.72 34.66 34.75 34.82 34.52 34.08 Eastern Europe 19.9 16.2 13.8 12.3 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.2 Bulgaria 2.16 1.46 1.19 1.04 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 Czechoslovakia 1.49 1.20 1.06 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 East Germany 1.28 0.98 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.92 Hungary 1.67 1.18 1.02 0.99 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.96 0.92 Poland 7.01 6.45 5.74 5.32 5.63 5.65 5.55 5.49 5.49 Romania 6.25 4.94 3.93 3.11 2.99 3.00 3.03 3.03 3.00 Other China b 170.19 278.14 294.60 302.11 320.13 325.10 325.33 311.88 NA Cuba c NA 0.92 d 0.92 0.77 0.77 0.79 0.75 0.75 0.75 Vietnam c 6.50 7.65 8.70 15.65 19.30 19.70 20.20 20.60 20.70 Yugoslavia c 4.81 4.31 3.60 2.71 2.36 2.27 2.20 2.16 2.14 a Data are from Revised and Updated Estimates and Pro- jections of Labor Force and Employment in the USSR, by Stephen Rapawy and Ward Kingkade, US Bureau of the Census, unpublished draft, December 1986 b Yearend data, series revised in 1985. c Employment data. d Data are for 1971. e Including South Vietnam beginning in 1980. 55 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 28 Nonagricultural Labor Force a Million persons at midyear 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 65.92 81.32 91.95 105.02 108.30 109.68 111.77 113.83 116.19 Canada 5.79 7.88 9.49 11.06 11.48 11.67 11.89 12.13 12.36 Japan 31.53 42.48 46.39 50.47 51.97 53.29 53.86 54.24 54.97 European Community France 15.74 18.61 20.21 21.51 21.99 22.03 22.23 22.29 NA Italy 14.68 16.26 17.19 18.63 19.26 19.42 19.68 19.94 NA United Kingdom 23.53 24.70 25.39 26.19 26.26 26.30 26.65 26.83 26.85 West Germany 22.66 24.48 24.88 25.61 25.84 25.89 26.01 26.24 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 92.3 124.7 141.1 155.6 158.7 159.9 161.0 162.6 164.2 USSR b 64.70 88.60 100.56 112.65 115.62 116.68 117.62 118.80 120.02 Eastern Europe 27.6 36.1 40.5 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.4 43.8 44.2 Bulgaria 2.67 3.62 4.01 4.20 4.21 4.23 4.25 4.26 4.28 Czechoslovakia 4.75 6.05 6.58 6.95 6.98 7.01 7.03 7.07 7.14 East Germany 6.72 7.24 7.52 7.85 7.94 7.99 8.01 8.03 8.04 Hungary 3.01 3.81 4.07 4.06 3.97 3.93 3.93 3.95 3.96 Poland 7.12 10.40 12.14 12.75 12.56 12.57 12.75 12.93 13.12 Romania c 3.28 4.94 6.19 7.23 7.41 7.44 7.45 7.52 7.62 Other China d 88.61 66.18 87.08 116.85 126.93 134.94 150.59 186.85 NA Vietnam e 2.00 3.30 3.80 10.85 8.60 9.30 9.90 10.60 11.20 Yugoslavia f 3.62 3.74 4.74 6.29 6.85 7.07 7.20 7.37 7.48 a Unless otherwise indicated, data include the armed forces. b Data are from Revised and Updated Estimates and Pro- jections of Labor Force and Employment in the USSR, by Stephen Rapawy and Ward Kingkade, US Bureau of the Census, unpublished draft, December 1986. Excluding the armed forces. d Yearend data, series revised in 1985. Excluding the armed forces and prior to 1980, South Vietnam. f Excluding those employed abroad and the armed forces. 56 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 29 Industrial Employment a Million persons, annual average 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 22.00 26.08 25.30 29.14 27.07 27.02 28.62 28.80 29.13 Canada 1.91 2.36 2.61 2.93 2.70 2.62 2.72 2.76 2.83 Japan 12.38 17.88 18.37 19.18 19.21 19.47 19.63 19.82 19.76 European Community France 6.98 7.81 7.88 7.46 7.13 6.94 6.68 6.46 NA Italy 6.86 7.59 7.66 7.77 7.59 7.40 7.04 6.89 NA United Kingdom 10.90 10.53 9.65 9.07 7.86 7.52 7.50 7.48 7.36 West Germany 11.91 12.46 11.24 11.14 10.48 10.11 10.02 10.01 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 34.6 47.0 51.2 54.9 55.5 55.7 56.0 56.3 NA USSR 22.62 31.59 34.05 36.89 37.61 37.83 37.96 38.10 NA Eastern Europe 12.0 15.4 17.2 18.0 17.9 17.9 18.0 18.2 18.2 Bulgaria 0.77 1.16 1.30 1.37 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.40 Czechoslovakia 2.27 2.71 2.88 2.95 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 East Germany b 3.18 3.26 3.30 3.39 3.44 3.46 3.48 3.50 3.52 Hungary b 1.39 1.79 1.79 1.66 1.61 1.60 1.66 1.69 1.68 Poland 3.16 4.45 5.15 5.25 4.99 4.97 5.00 5.00 5.01 Romania b 1.26 2.07 2.80 3.33 3.47 3.53 3.52 3.58 3.59 Other China b 29.79 28.09 42.84 56.00 59.30 60.23 63.38 NA NA Cuba e NA 0.57" 0.68 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.99 1.02 1.05 Vietnam e 0.75 1.10 1.25 2.15 2.25 2.25 2.35 2.35 2.40 Yugoslavia 1.05 1.44 1.82 2.16 2.31 2.37 2.45 2.53 2.63 a Including employment in manufacturing, mining, and e State sector only. construction. d Data are for 1971. b Yearend data. e Including South Vietnam beginning in 1980. 57 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 30 Big Seven: Unemployment Rates a Percent 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States 5.5 4.9 8.5 7.1 7.5 9.6 9.4 7.4 7.1 6.9 Canada 7.0 5.7 6.9 7.5 7.5 11.1 11.9 11.3 10.5 9.6 France 1.8 2.6 4.3 6.2 7.6 8.4 8.6 9.8 10.2 10.4 Italy b 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 NA Japan 1.7 1.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 United Kingdom c 2.2 3.1 4.1 6.5 10.0 11.6 10.7 11.1 11.3 11.6 West Germany 1.1 0.6 4.1 4.0 5.6 7.7 9.2 9.1 9.3 8.9 a Unemployment as a share of total civilian labor force. b Data adjusted to US concepts. c Excluding Northern Ireland. Table 31 Big Seven: Personal Savings Rates a Percent 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States 5.8 8.1 9.2 7.1 6.8 5.4 6.3 5.1 3.9 Canada 3.3 5.5 12.5 13.4 17.0 14.1 14.7 13.6 11.3, Japan 17.4 18.2 22.8 17.9 16.5 16.3 16.0 16.0 16.5 France 9.8 12.8 15.2 11.3 12.2 10.8 10.0 9.0 8.9 Italy NA 19.1 22.6 20.3 20.0 18.9 19.1 19.7 20.5 United Kingdom 7.2 9.5 12.7 15.1 12.8 11.8 11.7 11.1 11.0 West Germany 8.5 14.8 15.1 12.8 12.8 11.2 11.6 11.4 11.9 a Savings as a share of disposable personal income. 58 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 32 Foreign Trade Exchange Rates of the Communist Countries a Units per US $ Unit of Currency 1971 1973 1975 1977 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 USSR Ruble 0.900 0.739 0.720 0.737 0.649 0.719 0.726 0.743 0.816 0.838 0.704 Eastern Europe Bulgaria Lev 1.17 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.86 0.95 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.03 0.95 Czechoslovakia Koruna 7.20 5.84 5.58 5.64 5.38 5.88 6.12 6.32 6.65 6.79 6.00 East Germany b Deutsche mark east 4.20 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.30 3.32 3.46 3.54 3.64 3.70 3.55 Hungary c Forint 11.74 9.50 8.57 40.96 32.54 34.31 36.63 42.67 48.04 50.09 45.83 Poland Zloty 4.00 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.05 3.36 84.82 91.62 113.72 147.18 175.29 Romania Leu 6.00 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.47 15.00 15.00 17.18 21.28 17.14 16.15 Other Albania Lek 5.00 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 Cambodia Ridl NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.00 4.00 7.00 7.00 30.00 China Yuan 2.39 2.01 1.96 1.86 1.50 1.71 1.89 1.98 2.32 2.94 3.45 Cuba Peso 1.00 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.72 0.71 0.78 0.86 0.88 0.92 0.83 Laos Kip NA NA NA NA 30.00 30.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 Mongolia Tugrik NA 3.31 NA 3.30 NA NA 3.23 NA NA NA NA North Korea d Won 2.36 2.06 2.02 2.02 1.77 1.85 2.00 NA NA NA NA Vietnam Dong NA NA NA 2.30 2.80 9.00 9.00 11.00 10.50 15.00 80.00 Yugoslavia Dinar 14.88 16.24 17.34 18.29 24.64 34.97 50.28 92.84 152.82 270.16 379.22 a Average exchange rate for the year. Some countries also have special exchange rates for noncommercial transactions, such as diplomatic, tourist, and student expenditures and for personal remittances. b The unofficial rates actually used in East German account- ing of foreign trade transactions. East Germany maintains that an East German mark is equivalent to a West German mark. 59 c Since January 1976, Hungary has expressed the value of its foreign trade in domestic forints rather than diviza forints. d End of year rate. Noncommercial rate through 1977. Data for 1980-82 are estimated. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 33 East European Debt, by Source Million US $ 1971 1975 1977 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 a Eastern Europe b 9,249 29,817 46,287 83,500 85,147 80,568 81,600 79,570 88,180 100,060 Commercial 5,316 23,097 36,186 61,555 58,902 52,778 46,660 41,110 46,940 54,950 Official 3,584 5,779 8,462 18,665 21,182 21,110 27,170 30,620 33,200 37,060 IMF/World Bank/Other 349 941 1,639 3,280 5,063 6,680 7,770 7,840 8,040 8,050 Bulgaria 743 2,640 3,707 3,550 3,050 2,750 2,390 2,260 3,610 4,880 Commercial 442 2,453 3,394 3,215 2,680 2,285 1,915 1,770 3,060 4,150 Official 301 187 313 335 370 465 475 490 550 730 Czechoslovakia 485 1,132 2,616 4,920 4,500 4,050 3,950 3,600 3,830 4,480 Commercial 284 926 2,290 4,060 3,695 3,110 2,935 2,565 2,840 3,380 Official 201 206 326 860 805 940 1,015 1,035 990 1,100 East Germany 1,408 5,388 7,828 14,100 14,900 13,000 12,840 12,150 13,900 16,750 Commercial 693 4,423 6,528 11,255 11,610 9,460 8,875 8,050 10,000 12,850 Official 715 965 1,300 2,845 3,290 3,540 3,965 4,100 3,900 3,900 Hungary 1,071 3,135 5,024 9,090 8,700 7,700 8,260 8,840 11,760 15,090 Commercial 968 3,081 4,965 8,790 8,335 6,940 6,950 6,940 9,760 12,380 Official 103 54 59 300 365 525 740 760 830 1,090 BIS/IMF 0 0 0 0 0 235 570 1,140 1,170 1,620 Poland 1,138 8,014 13,967 25,000 25,500 24,800 26,400 26,800 29,300 33,500 Commercial 340 5,910 9,928 14,900 14,215 13,640 10,900 9,400 10,600 12,100 Official 798 2,104 4,039 10,100 11,285 11,160 15,500 17,400 18,700 21,400 Romania 1,227 2,924 3,605 9,400 10,160 9,780 8,760 7,100 6,600 6,000 Commercial 585 2,024 2,306 6,545 6,167 5,415 4,770 3,430 2,900 2,700 Official 642 706 715 1,670 1,845 1,430 875 1,070 1,100 1,100 IMF/World Bank/ CEMA Banks 0 194 584 1,185 2,148 2,935 3,115 2,600 2,600 2,200 Yugoslavia 3,177 6,584 9,540 17,440 18,337 18,488 19,000 18,820 19,180 19,360 Commercial 2,004 4,280 6,775 12,790 12,200 11,928 10,315 8,955 7,780 7,390 Official 824 1,557 1,710 2,555 3,222 3,050 4,600 5,765 7,130 7,740 IMF/World Bank 349 747 1,055 2,095 2,915 3,510 4,085 4,100 4,270 4,230 a Preliminary. b Including data for Yugoslavia. 60 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 34 Medium- and Long-Term Debt of Selected Less Developed Countries Billion US $ 1975 1977 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 a Algeria 5.9 10.2 17.1 17.4 17.0 16.4 15.1 16.3 18.0 19.0 Argentina 4.9 7.5 12.7 16.8 22.8 27.1 35.5 38.2 42.0 44.5 Brazil 23.4 35.0 51.5 56.5 64.6 73.0 78.7 87.0 89.0 90.0 Colombia 2.9 3.1 3.9 5.0 6.2 7.2 8.2 9.4 10.0 10.4 Chile 4.4 4.6 7.5 9.4 12.7 14.0 15.0 17.3 17.8 17.5 Ecuador 0.6 1.3 3.3 4.1 5.3 5.4 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 Egypt 5.1 8.3 12.2 14.1 15.6 15.8 18.4 20.6 22.3 23.0 India 12.7 15.0 17.5 18.7 19.8 22.2 24.6 26.1 27.0 28.5 Indonesia 8.7 12.3 16.1 18.1 19.4 24.1 25.9 27.7 28.6 30.5 Iran 4.3 6.2 10.1 10.0 6.9 5.0 4.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 Iraq 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.3 4.3 5.2 5.3 7.0 Ivory Coast 0.9 2.0 3.9 4.9 5.2 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Malaysia 1.8 2.6 3.8 4.4 6.6 9.5 13.1 15.5 16.6 17.0 Mexico 16.6 26.7 37.7 41.0 52.9 59.5 82.3 87.5 88.0 88.0 Morocco 1.8 4.3 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.8 10.4 11.4 11.7 12.3 Nigeria 1.4 1.7 4.2 5.5 7.5 9.9 13.0 12.7 13.2 14.7 Pakistan 5.4 6.9 8.4 9.2 9.2 9.8 9.9 10.4 10.5 10.7 Peru 4.4 6.3 7.1 7.4 7.4 8.6 10.3 11.3 11.5 11.3 Philippines 2.8 5.1 7.2 9.0 10.4 12.0 13.5 14.1 17.7 18.5 Saudi Arabia 1.5 3.0 4.7 5.9 6.4 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.4 8.2 South Korea 6.0 9.5 15.5 18.1 21.4 23.5 26.9 30.0 33.2 32.0 Sudan 1.5 2.4 3.4 4.0 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 Taiwan 1.9 3.1 3.9 4.9 5.4 6.5 8.2 7.2 7.0 11.0 Thailand 1.4 2.0 4.1 5.8 7.2 8.5 9.7 10.9 13.0 13.2 Venezuela 2.3 6.3 12.3 14.1 15.0 17.1 17.7 23.7 25.2 25.5 a Preliminary. 61 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 35 Selected Less Developed Countries: Vulnerability Ratios a Table 36 Less Developed Countries: Economic Trends 1980 1983 1986 Average Annual Data Algeria 2.71 0.67 1979-82 1983-86 1987-91 a Argentina 0.35 1.47 1.69 Growth of world trade (percent) 5 3 4 Brazil 1.28 3.11 1.85 OPEC oil price b (US $ per barrel) 29 27 20 Chile 0.47 1.63 Real nonoil commodity prices -3 -5 3 China (Taiwan) 0.57 0.70 (percent change) Egypt 0.49 0.69 6.07 Nominal interest rate-LIBOR 14 9 7 India 0.35 0.35 1.18 (percent) Indonesia 0.63 0.80 0.85 Real interest rate-LIBOR 6 5 4 Iran 6.07 (percent) Iraq 0.27 0.40 LDC net external borrowing 91 47 40 (billion US $) Libya 1.73 Foreign investment in LDCs 11 10 12 Mexico 0.78 1.56 3.33 (billion US $) Nigeria 0.45 0.31 3.08 LDC total debt/exports ratio 100 150 140 Peru 2.00 0.42 (percent) Philippines 0.41 100.76 1.38 LDC total debt/GNP ratio 35 48 45 Singapore 3.66 2.08 (percent) South Korea 0.44 1.30 LDC debt service/exports ratio 18 21 20 (percent) Thailand 0.92 0.60 5.44 LDC interest payments/exports ratio 10 12 11 Venezuela 1.06 61.54 (percent) a Ratio of interest payments to net new external borrowing. b Negative ratio because of negative net borrowing. 62 a Projected. b Market prices. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Soviet Economic Performance Page Table 37. Table 38. Table 39. Table 40. Table 41. Table 42. Table 43. Table 44. Table 45. Table 46. Table 47. Table 48. Table 49. Table 50. Table 51. Table 52. Planned and Actual Economic Growth CIA and Official Soviet Measures of Economic Growth Percent Distribution of GNP at Factor Cost, by End Use Growth of GNP at Factor Cost, by End Use Share of GNP, by Sector of Origin Growth of GNP, by Sector of Origin Gross Fixed Capital Investment, by Function and Sector Stock of Fixed Capital, by Sector Aggregate Factor Productivity Growth Industrial Factor Productivity Growth Industrial Production, by Branch of Industry Hard Currency Trade, by Commodity Hard Currency Trade With Non-Communist Countries, 1985-86 Hard Currency Balance of Payments Hard Currency Debt to the West Gold Production and Reserves 64 65 66 66 67 67 68 69 70 70 71 72 73 74 75 75 63 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: A useful starting point for analyzing the 1986-90 plan for the USSR is to compare it with earlier five-year plans and results. If official Soviet measures of actual growth are used in such comparisons, however, the extent of plan fulfillment is exaggerated. These measures are subject to upward bias because of hidden inflation and double counting� problems that appear not to affect plan figures.' CIA estimates of Soviet economic growth correct for this upward bias and, therefore, are 2018/08/22 C05775731 better suited than official statistics for comparisons with planned growth. ' For discussion of these problems, see Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, USSR: Measures of Economic Growth and Development, 1950-80 (Washington, US Government Printing Office, 1982), pp.v-vi, 12-13, 212-215, 278-281; and CIA, Comparing Planned and Actual Growth of Industrial Output in Centrally Planned Economies, ER 80-10461, August 1980. Table 37 USSR: Planned and Actual Economic Growth a Percent Average annual rate of growth 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 GNP Plana 6.5 to 7.0 5.8 5.0 4.0 4.0 Actual b 5.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 NA Industry Plane 8.2 8.0 6.5 4.9 4.6 Actual b 6.2 5.5 2.7 2.0 NA Agriculture Plane 5.5 3.7 5.0 5.0 3.3 Actual d 3.7 �0.6 0.9 1.9 NA a Weighted average of growth rates of gross value of output from official Soviet plans for industry, agriculture, and other major sectors of origin. Weights are CIA estimates of value added at 1982 factor cost in these sectors. b CIA estimate based on value added at 1982 factor cost. e Official Soviet plan for growth of gross value of output. d CIA estimate of output net of feed, seed, and waste (1982 value). 64 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: To circumvent problems with official Soviet measures of economic growth, CIA constructs synthetic estimates of gross national product (GNP) and its major components. Total GNP covers value added by primary inputs of labor and capital in sectors of origin, such as industry and agriculture. Unlike Soviet statistics, CIA estimates of GNP: � Avoid much of the hidden inflation problem by using quantity data- mostly from Soviet sources-on output of individual products, valued at prices of a fixed base year. � Include depreciation and services that do not contribute directly to output of material goods. � Provide improved measures of resource allocation and of growth in the economy's production potential by adjusting valuation from official prices to factor cost. 2018/08/22 C05775731 CIA estimates for industry, like those of GNP, are corrected for hidden inflation in Soviet measures. Moreover, value-added weights for these estimates eliminate much of the double counting-present in official statistics on gross value of output-of inputs sold from one producer to another. CIA estimates for agriculture, net output, exclude agriculture's use of its own products as inputs but includes inputs from industry and other sectors. For estimating value added, inputs from industry and other sectors are also subtracted. Soviet statistics on gross values of output reflect a good deal of double counting within agriculture, but hidden inflation is not a significant problem. All GNP estimates in this edition of the Handbook are based on values at 1982 factor cost rather than the 1970 values reported previously. Table 38 USSR: CIA and Official Soviet Measures of Economic Growth Percent Average annual rate of growth 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 , Total CIA b 5.3 3.3 2.3 1.2 2.3 3.1 1.4 0.9 4.2 Soviet c 7.8 5.7 4.3 3.3 3.9 4.2 3.2 3.5 4.1 Industry CIA d 6.2 5.5 2.7 1.3 0.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.6 Soviet 8.5 7.4 4.4 3.4 2.9 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.9 Agriculture CIA f 3.7 -0.6 0.9 -0.7 7.2 6.0 -0.7 -1.7 7.3 Soviet e 4.2 0.8 1.6 -1.1 5.6 6.1 -0.1 0.1 5.1 a Preliminary. b Net material product derived from GNP by adjustments to exclude depreciation and services that do not contribute directly to output of material goods. Also, weights used to calculate growth are estimates of 1982 value added in established prices, rather than at factor cost. c "National income produced," or net material product. d Value added. e Gross value of output. Net output. 65 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 39 USSR: Percent Distribution of Gross National Product at Factor Cost,a by End Use Percent Total Consumption Investment New fixed d Administration, R&D, elements of defense, inventory change, net exports, and outlays n.e.c. 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 51 49 50 51 50 49 50 50 50 21 24 26 28 30 30 30 30 31 17 20 20 22 23 23 23 23 24 28 26 24 21 21 21 20 19 19 a Because of the well-known difficulties in using Soviet established prices as a measure of resource burden, the shares of GNP in this table are based on GNP at factor cost. In calculating GNP at factor cost, 1982 end-use weights have been revised from an established price basis to a factor cost basis by subtracting turnover taxes and profits and adding subsidies and implicit capital charges. These revised weights are then moved over time by indexes of the various end uses in constant prices. b Preliminary. c Including consumption of food, soft goods, durables, per- sonal services, and personal and government outlays for education and health. d Including machinery and equipment, construction and other capital outlays, and net additions to livestock. Table 40 USSR: Growth of Gross National Product at Factor Cost, by End Use a Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1983 1984 1985 1986 b 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1982 Total 4.9 5.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.1 4.2 Consumption c 3.7 5.4 3.4 2.5 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.9 1.6 3.0 Investment 7.3 5.4 4.2 4.3 3.4 3.6 4.3 1.1 3.1 6.0 New fixed d 7.0 5.9 3.6 3.9 3.3 4.2 4.2 1.3 2.4 6.2 Adminisiration, R&D, elements of defense, inventory change, net exports, and outlays n.e.c. 4.9 4.1 1.1 -0.4 0.2 6.3 3.9 -1.5 -3.4 4.8 a Because of the well-known difficulties in using Soviet established prices as a measure of resource burden, the shares of GNP in this table are based on GNP at factor cost. In calculating GNP at factor cost, 1982 end-use weights have been revised from an established price basis to a factor cost basis by subtracting turnover taxes and profits and adding subsidies and implicit capital charges. These revised weights are then moved over time by indexes of the various end uses in constant prices. b Preliminary. 66 c Including consumption of food, soft goods, durables, per- sonal services, and personal and government outlays for education and health. d Including machinery and equipment, construction and other capital outlays, and net additions to livestock. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 41 USSR: Share of Gross National Product,a by Sector of Origin Percent 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b GNP 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agriculture 34 31 28 22 20 20 21 20 19 20 Industry 26 28 30 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 Construction 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 Transportation 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Communications 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Trade 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Services 18 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Other c 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 a Calculated at factor costs. c Including salaries for military personnel. b Preliminary. Table 42 USSR: Growth of Gross National Product,a by Sector of Origin Percent Average annual rate of growth 1983 1984 1985 1986b 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1982 GNP 4.9 5.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.1 4.2 Agriculture C 3.6 3.7 -0.6 0.9 1.9 7.2 6.0 -0.7 -1.7 7.3 Industry 6.5 6.2 5.5 2.7 2.0 0.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.6 Construction 4.7 5.4 4.5 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.0 2.5 3.8 Transportation 10.2 7.2 6.6 3.6 2.3 1.2 2.8 1.5 2.1 4.0 Communications 7.3 8.6 6.4 4.7 3.8 2.2 3.5 4.7 4.6 5.0 Trade 5.0 7.3 4.5 2.8 1.5 0.2 2.6 2.3 0.8 2.3 Services 4.5 4.3 3.5 2.7 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 Other d 2.7 4.1 2.3 1.7 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.6 NEGL 1.3 a Calculated at factor cost. b Preliminary. Excluding intra-agricultural use of farm products but does not make an adjustment for purchases by agriculture from other sectors. d Including salaries for military personnel. 67 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 43 USSR: Gross Fixed Capital Investment, by Function and by Sector a Billion rubles 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total investment 47.6 92.2 128.5 150.9 161.9 171.0 174.3 179.5 193.3 By function Construction and installation 34.5 59.7 79.2 82.7 86.0 89.6 90.5 91.7 NA Equipment 10.8 25.9 39.4 53.9 59.3 63.4 64.3 67.6 NA Other capital outlays b 2.3 6.6 9.9 14.3 16.6 18.0 19.5 20.2 NA By sector Industry 17.2 32.5 44.9 53.3 57.0 60.1 62.7 65.5 NA Ferrous metallurgy 1.6 2.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.3 NA Chemicals and petrochemicals 1.2 2.7 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.5 NA Fuels and power 5.1 9.5 12.5 17.4 20.2 21.4 22.7 25.3 NA Machine building and metalworking 2.3 6.9 10.8 13.1 13.7 14.5 15.3 15.9 NA Construction materials 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 NA Consumer goods 2.3 4.0 4.9 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.1 6.0 NA Other c 3.3 5.2 7.0 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.8 8.2 NA Construction industry 1.4 3.3 4.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 5.8 6.1 NA Transport and communications 4.6 9.0 14.4 18.1 19.9 21.4 22.3 21.9 NA Agriculture 6.1 16.0 26.1 29.8 31.0 32.1 31.1 31.5 NA Housing 10.8 15.8 19.2 21.1 24.0 25.9 27.3 28.1 NA Other sectors d 7.5 15.6 19.1 22.6 23.7 25.2 25.1 26.4 NA a Gross fixed investment is reported in standard project costs ("estimate prices" in Soviet terminology) of 1 January 1984. b Other capital outlays are for surveys, designs, technical documentation, and the like. c Computed as a residual; includes investment in nonferrous metallurgy, timber, paper, woodworking, and miscellaneous other branches of industry. d Computed as a residual. It includes investment in such activities as trade, material and technical supplies, services and procurements; science, education, culture, and art; health, social insurance, physical culture, tourism, commer- cial economy, and personal services. 68 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 44 USSR: Stock of Fixed Capital, by Sector a Billion rubles 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total capital stock b 398 601 860 1,256 1,742 1,968 2,091 2,213 2,335 2,470 Industry 100 168 255 385 554 634 677 722 766 NA Ferrous metallurgy 10 17 26 38 51 57 60 63 66 NA Chemicals and petrochemicals 5 13 23 36 56 65 68 73 77 NA Fuels and power 32 51 78 112 157 179 192 205 219 NA Machine building and metalworking 18 32 51 82 129 149 161 172 183 NA Construction materials 6 9 14 22 30 34 36 37 39 NA Consumer goods 14 22 32 47 62 70 73 77 81 NA Timber, woodworking, and paper 6 9 13 18 25 28 30 32 33 NA Other 9 15 18 30 44 52 57 63 68 NA Construction industry 7 12 22 35 55 66 71 75 78 NA Trade, public dining, material, technical supply 11 20 31 47 66 73 78 82 86 NA Agriculture b 54 77 106 167 238 272 288 303 318 NA Transport and communications 54 83 117 171 237 268 286 304 322 NA Housing 120 159 204 267 338 371 390 410 431 NA Services 52 82 125 184 254 284 301 317 334 NA a The fixed capital series presented here is expressed in prices of 1973 with the value of stocks estimated as of 31 December of the respective year. b Including the value of basic herds. 69 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 45 USSR: Aggregate Factor Productivity Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 b 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 a Gross national product 4.9 5.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.1 4.2 Factor productivity 0.5 0.9 -1.1 -1.1 -0.9 -0.4 0.3 -1.3 -1.4 1.7 Manhours 3.3 3.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.5 0.9 0.7 3.6 Capital -3.6 -2.2 -4.6 -4.3 -4.0 -3.4 -2.9 -4.6 -4.5 -1.2 Land 4.7 5.0 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.7 3.1 1.5 1.8 4.2 Combined inputs d 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 Manhours 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 Capital 8.8 7.4 8.0 6.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.8 5.5 Land 0.2 NEGL 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.7 NEGL a For computing average annual rates of growth, the base year is the year prior to the stated period. b Preliminary. Based on indexes of GNP (1982 rubles), by sector of origin, at factor cost. d Inputs of workhours, capital, and land are combined using weights of 56.5 percent, 40.5 percent, 3.0 percent, respec- tively, in a Cobb-Douglas (linear homogeneous) production function. These weights represent the distribution of labor costs (wages, social insurance deductions and other income), capital costs (depreciation and a calculated capital charge), and land rent in 1982, the base year for all indexes underlying the growth rate calculations. Table 46 USSR: Industrial Factor Productivity Percent Average Annual Rate of Growth� 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 b 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 198185a Industrial production 6.5 6.2 5.5 2.7 2.0 0.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.6 Factor productivity -0.7 0.2 0.2 -1.9 -1.9 -3.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.9 0.2 Manhours 3.5 3.1 3.9 1.3 1.4 NEGL 2.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 Capital -4.4 -2.3 -3.0 -4.7 -4.7 -5.9 -4.0 -3.9 -3.7 -2.4 Combined inputs 7.3 6.0 5.2 4.7 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.4 Manhours 2.9 3.1 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 Capital 11.4 8.8 8.7 7.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.1 a For computing average annual rates of growth, the base year is the year prior to the stated period. b Preliminary. c Inputs of workhours and capital are combined using weights of 42.6 percent and 57.4 percent, respectively, in a Cobb-Douglas (linear homogeneous) production function. These weights represent the distribution of labor costs (wages, social insurance deductions and other income) and capital costs (depreciation and a calculated capital charge) in 1982, the base year for all indexes underlying the growth rate calculations. 70 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 47 USSR: Industrial Production, , by Branch of Industry a Percent Average annual Rate of growth 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 c 1961-65 b 1966-70 b 1971-75 b 1976-80 b 1981-85" Industrial materials 7.0 5.9 5.4 2.2 2.2 1.2 3.3 2.5 2.5 3.8 Electricity 11.5 7.9 7.0 4.5 3.6 3.1 3.7 5.2 3.5 3.6 Fuels 6.9 5.6 5.4 3.4 1.2 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.7 3.9 Ferrous metals 7.3 5.3 4.2 0.8 1.2 -0.4 3.0 0.9 2.8 2.8 Nonferrous metals 8.0 7.8 5.7 1.5 2.0 0.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Wood, pulp, and paper products 2.5 2.8 2.5 -0.6 2.1 0.6 3.0 2.8 2.1 5.4 Construction materials 5.6 6.1 5.1 1.4 1.5 -0.9 3.5 1.7 1.5 3.2 Chemicals 12.3 8.6 8.3 3.0 3.8 2.0 5.8 3.4 4.3 4.4 Total machinery 6.9 6.9 6.8 3.9 1.7 -0.2 1.8 2.7 4.2 4.4 Producer durables 8.5 7.6 8.7 4.6 3.7 2.9 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.4 Consumer durables 9.6 8.9 13.0 3.9 3.2 2.0 3.0 3.9 4.2 4.4 Nondurable consumer goods 4.8 6.0 3.4 1.9 1.7 1.3 2.4 2.4 0.2 1.1 Soft goods 2.7 6.4 2.6 2.4 1.6 -0.5 1.2 2.8 2.4 1.5 Processed foods 6.9 5.7 4.1 1.4 1.8 2.9 3.4 2.1 -1.6 0.7 Total industrial production 6.5 6.2 5.5 2.7 2.0 0.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.6 Based on CIA estimates rather than Soviet official series. The latter are believed to contain an upward bias in rates of growth because of double-counting and disguised inflation. The branch indexes shown above are formed by combining price-weighted samples of products into sector indexes, which in turn are combined into branch indexes using 1982 value-added weights. The indexes for industrial materials, consumer nondurables, and total industrial production are formed by combining the component branch indexes using 1982 value-added weights. b The base year is the year prior to the stated period. Rates of growth are derived from unrounded data. c Preliminary. 71 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 48 USSR: Hard Currency Trade, by Commodity a Million US $ Share of Total to the World b Percent 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 Exports 2,405 9,453 27,874 32,173 26,387 19 28 31 35 30 Petroleum and petroleum products 387 3,170 12,123 15,111 11,471 26 39 44 40 34 Natural gas 1 220 2,710 3,754 3,813 2 34 48 41 41 Coal and coke 92 390 366 209 278 23 28 22 12 15 Machinery and equipment 140 560 1,468 1,657 1,424 5 9 12 14 12 Ferrous metals 128 155 246 272 279 9 6 7 8 8 Wood and wood products 365 714 1,510 824 711 44 37 49 32 27 Chemicals 61 242 758 1,017 1,012 18 26 37 37 36 Agricultural products 167 522 458 181 179 12 22 17 8 8 Diamonds 175 478 1,304 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Other 889 3,002 6,931 9,148 7,220 21 33 44 45 6 Imports 2,711 14,257 26,060 27,446 25,853 23 38 38 34 31 Grain 101 2,323 4,503 6,315 5,253 75 87 88 78 63 Other agricultural products 512 1,591 4,301 3,153 2,853 24 25 35 27 25 Machinery and equipment 927 4,593 6,039 5,822 4,818 22 37 26 20 16 Rolled ferrous metals c 279 2,565 3,481 3,362 3,524 49 80 80 76 77 Chemicals 248 800 1,953 1,814 2,250 50 55 60 56 61 Consumer goods 272 464 767 1,050 1,350 11 9 8 10 12 Other 372 1,921 5,016 5,930 5,805 22 67 82 78 62 a Including all countries trading with the Soviet Union on a hard currency basis as of 1 January 1980. b The importance of hard currency trade is overstated for exports and understated for imports in Soviet statistics because of the artificial prices the USSR uses in its CEMA country trade. c Including imports of pipes. 72 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 49 USSR: Hard Currency Trade With Non-Communist Countries, 1985-86 a Million US $ 1985 1986 Exports b Imports Balance Exports b Imports Balance Total 26,387 25,853 534 25,104 23,088 2,016 Developed countries 19,731 20,077 -346 16,560 19,275 -2,715 Of which: Australia 16 639 -623 12 723 -711 Austria 966 1,030 -64 767 1,210 -443 Canada 21 1,139 -1,118 14 886 -872 France 2,609 1,924 685 2,188 1,604 584 Italy 2,961 1,590 1,371 2,244 2,093 151 Japan 1,114 2,744 -1,630 1,392 3,132 -1,740 Netherlands 1,184 376 808 818 348 470 Sweden 591 368 223 423 348 75 Switzerland 461 680 -219 408 647 -239 United Kingdom 1,461 821 640 1,809 731 1,078 United States 391 2,852 -2,461 444 1,627 -1,183 West Germany 4,790 3,713 1,077 3,863 4,058 -195 Less developed countries 6,656 5,776 880 8,544 3,813 4,731 Of which: Argentina 76 1,476 -1,400 76 273 -197 Brazil 84 456 -372 43 336 -293 Iraq 321 668 -347 416 491 -75 Libya 100 1,053 -953 50 988 -938 a Official Soviet trade data on f.o.b. basis. b Includes exports not specified by partner countries, which are believed to be deliveries of military goods. 73 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 50 USSR: Hard Currency Balance of Payments a Million US $ 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b Trade balance -250 -306 -4,804 1,814 4,468 4,712 4,727 534 2,016 Exports, f.o.b.c 768 2,405 9,453 27,874 31,975 32,429 32,173 26,387 25,104 Imports, f.o.b. 1,018 2,711 14,257 26,060 27,507 27,717 27,446 25,853 23,088 Net interest -5 -80 -473 -977 -944 -1,012 -1,110 -1,554 -2,133 Other invisibles d -65 500 760 890 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 Current account balance -320 114 -4,481 1,727 4,624 4,800 4,717 80 983 Borrowing from abroad 90 290 5,576 -818 -536 1,541 546 6,673 8,525 Change in assets f 0 -25 391 33 -1,982 -932 570 -1,812 -1,707 Net Credits to LDCs NA NA -715 -950 -2,120 -3,200 -2,700 -1,700 -4,100 Gold sales 200 0 725 1,580 1,100 750 1,000 1,800 4,000 Capital account balance 290 265 5,977 -155 -3,538 -1,841 -584 4,961 6,718 Errors and omissions s 30 -379 -1,496 -1,572 -1,086 -2,959 -4,133 -5,041 -7,701 a Estimated. b Preliminary. c Including military exports to the LDCs. d Including estimated net receipts from tourism, transporta- tion, and official transfers. e Soviet drawings less repayments on Western credits. f Net change in Soviet assets held with Western commercial banks. A positive sign indicates an increase in assets. Including Soviet hard currency aid to and trade with other Communist countries, trade credits extended to finance Soviet exports to developed countries, and other nonspecified hard currency expenditures. 74 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 51 USSR: Hard Currency Debt to the West a Billion US $ 1971 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b Commercial debt 0.4 7.3 9.7 12.6 11.1 12.2 13.1 19.4 26.6 Government-backed debt 1.4 4.3 9.1 7.4 8.4 8.7 8.4 8.8 10.1 Gross debt 1.8 11.6 18.8 20.0 19.4 21.0 21.5 28.2 36.7 Assets with Western banks 1.2 3.6 9.4 9.2 11.2 12.1 11.5 13.3 15.0 Net debt 0.6 8.1 9.5 10.8 8.3 8.9 10.0 14.9 21.7 Debt service 0.3 1.8 5.6 5.5 4.7 5.3 5.2 6.9 8.0 Debt-service ratio (percent)c 10 15 17 16 13 15 14 22 25 a Estimated. b Preliminary. c Debt service as a share of commodity export earnings plus sales of arms, gold, interest receipts, invisibles, and transfers. Table 52 USSR: Gold Production and Reserves Million troy ounces Production Reserves Production Reserves 1965 5.33 29.61 1977 8.94 53.76 1969 6.59 46.77 1978 9.32 48.68 1970 6.78 52.21 1979 9.58 48.68 1971 7.07 57.42 1980 9.45 54.01 1972 7.78 58.84 1981 9.58 56.14 1973 7.91 55.65 1982 9.77 61.38 1974 8.26 58.35 1983 9.93 67.90 1975 8.07 60.32 1984 10.10 73.56 1976 8.65 56.97 1985 10.32 76.10 1986 10.48 73.63 75 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Foreign Trade and Aid Page Tables 53-55. Trade of Selected Non-Communist Countries Tables 56-59. Big Seven Trade Table 60. Selected Non-OPEC LDCs: Indexes of Export Prices, Import Prices, and Terms of Trade 78-83 84-91 92-93 Table 61. Newly Industrialized Countries: Trade With the Big Seven 94 Table 62. Selected Countries: Oil Export Revenues 95 Table 63. Selected Countries: Oil Import Bill 96 Table 64. Importance of Soviet Trade to Selected Western Countries 97 Table 65. Selected Exporting Countries: Trade of High-Technology Industries 98 Tables 66-68. Soviet Foreign Trade 99-101 Tables 69-73. East European Foreign Trade 102-106 Tables 74-76. Chinese Foreign Trade 107-109 Tables 77-79. Cuban Foreign Trade 110-111 Tables 80-84. Communist Economic Aid and Arms Transfers to LDCs 112-115 Tables 85-86. Soviet Economic Aid to Communist Countries 116 Table 87. Arms Transfers to Non-Communist LDCs, by Selected Western Suppliers (1974-84) 117 Table 88. Gross Official Bilateral Capital Flows to LDCs 118 Table 89. Net Financial Flows to LDCs 119 Table 90. US Economic Loans and Grants Extended to LDCs 120-121 Table 91. US Military Deliveries to LDCs 122-123 Tables 92-93. Military Personnel From Non-Communist LDCs Trained in Communist Countries 124-125 Table 94. Communist Economic and Military Technicians in LDCs 126-127 Table 95. Academic, Technical, and Military Trainees Departing From LDCs for Training in 128 Communist Countries 77 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 53 Exports by Selected Non-Communist Countries a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 84,724 127,093 222,177 573,595 1,252,166 1,231,645 1,169,721 1,154,215 1,231,475 1,276,876 NA United States 20,601 27,530 43,241 108,112 220,786 233,739 212,276 200,538 217,890 213,144 217,307 Australia 2,050 3,005 4,771 11,943 22,031 21,767 21,987 20,635 23,528 22,759 22,629 Austria 1,120 1,600 2,857 7,519 17,489 15,841 15,642 15,428 15,739 17,239 22,508 Canada 5,813 8,449 16,747 34,074 67,734 72,726 71,234 76,461 90,208 90,781 89,679 Japan 4,055 8,451 19,318 55,819 130,441 151,495 138,385 146,965 169,700 177,164 210,757 New Zealand 847 1,007 1,223 2,162 5,421 5,622 5,571 5,414 5,518 5,720 5,880 Norway 881 1,443 2,457 7,232 18,542 18,217 17,593 17,997 18,886 19,985 18,229 Sweden 2,566 3,971 6,795 17,383 30,906 28,658 26,808 27,446 29,378 30,460 37,260 Switzerland 1,859 2,941 5,063 12,953 29,632 27,049 26,019 25,591 25,849 27,450 37,471 Turkey 321 464 588 1,401 2,910 4,703 5,746 5,728 7,134 7,958 NA European Community 43,539 66,676 116,664 309,188 691,208 636,930 614,687 598,734 613,435 649,770 796,363 Belgium-Luxembourg 3,792 6,394 11,600 28,804 64,656 55,694 52,354 51,937 51,891 53,736 68,809 Denmark 1,494 2,320 3,356 8,712 ' 16,982 16,095 15,382 16,042 15,981 17,090 21,243 France 6,866 10,176 18,099 53,120 116,030 106,424 96,694 94,943 97,566 101,674 124,948 Greece 203 328 643 2,294 5,153 4,246 4,298 4,413 4,811 4,539 5,648 Ireland 427 618 1,120 3,192 8,398 7,677 8,067 8,599 9,641 10,357 12,657 Italy 3,654 7,200 13,206 34,816 77,673 75,264 73,497 72,702 73,317 79,025 97,832 Netherlands 4,028 6,398 11,648 35,022 73,940 68,715 66,281 64,683 65,854 68,257 80,523 Portugal 326 584 946 1,939 4,640 4,148 4,164 4,599 5,201 5,685 7,200 Spain 725 935 2,388 7,690 20,720 20,333 20,498 19,734 23,564 24,247 27,187 United Kingdom 10,609 13,810 19,430 43,423 110,155 102,244 97,017 91,641 93,881 101,248 106,989 West Germany 11,415 17,913 34,228 90,176 192,861 176,090 176,435 169,441 171,728 183,912 243,327 OPEC 7,510 10,475 17,018 113,503 303,537 280,081 223,497 179,611 NA 151,099 NA Algeria 394 637 1,009 4,700 13,871 14,396 13,144 12,583 12,795 12,600 NA Ecuador 146 164 190 974 2,481 2,451 2,128 2,224 2,583 2,905 2,183 Gabon 47 105 144 943 2,531 2,200 2,160 2,000 2,011 1,951 NA Indonesia 841 708 1,108 7,102 21,909 22,260 22,293 21,152 21,902 18,590 14,824 Iran 844 1,305 2,623 20,211 14,106 12,597 19,430 19,512 12,531 13,435 NA Iraq 467 711 847 8,297 26,278 10,530 10,250 9,785 NA 10,300 NA Kuwait 962 1,284 1,693 9,184 19,842 16,299 10,864 11,540 12,241 10,100 NA Libya 12 796 2,366 6,840 21,919 15,576 13,954 11,089 11,140 10,928 NA Nigeria 475 752 1,240 8,001 25,946 17,846 12,185 10,357 11,856 12,548 NA 78 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 53 (continued) , Exports by Selected Non-Communist Countries a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OPEC (continued) Qatar 126 163 237 1,809 5,672 5,691 4,252 3,338 4,513 3,542 2,326 Saudi Arabia 891 1,395 2,424 29,683 109,083 119,876 79,077 45,861 37,530 28,000 NA United Arab Emirates NA NA 510 6,959 20,678 20,234 17,261 15,011 14,104 14,036 NA Venezuela 2,305 2,455 2,627 8,800 19,221 20,125 16,499 15,159 13,971 12,272 10,065 Other countries Argentina 1,079 1,493 1,773 2,961 8,021 9,143 7,625 7,836 8,107 8,396 NA Brazil 1,268 1,596 2,739 8,670 20,132 23,293 20,175 21,899 27,005 25,639 22,393 Chile 488 637 1,249 1,552 4,671 3,906 3,710 3,836 3,657 3,823 4,222 China (Taiwan) 164 450 1,428 5,301 19,774 22,520 22,090 25,095 30,425 30,690 39,789 Colombia 465 539 736 1,465 3,945 2,956 3,095 3,081 3,462 3,552 5,102 Dominican Republic 180 126 249 894 962 1,188 768 785 868 735 NA Egypt 568 605 762 1,402 3,047 3,233 3,120 3,214 3,140 3,714 NA El Salvador 117 189 236 531 1,074 797 699 735 725 676 NA Guatemala 116 187 298 641 1,557 1,254 1,153 1,180 1,127 1,060 NA Hong Kong 689 1,143 2,514 6,027 19,730 21,808 20,984 21,954 28,317 30,184 35,440 India 1,332 1,687 2,026 4,355 8,586 8,295 9,358 9,148 9,445 8,003 9,340 Israel 217 430 779 1,941 5,538 5,670 5,255 5,108 5,807 6,260 7,136 Jamaica 159 214 342 759 963 974 726 713 714 549 596 Lebanon 43 87 192 1,121 868 836 727 691 582 482 500 Malaysia 1,187 1,236 1,687 3,843 12,945 11,770 12,030 14,104 16,484 15,441 13,875 Mexico 765 1,120 1,403 2,904 15,570 19,646 21,214 21,819 24,407 22,108 16,238 Morocco 354 430 488 1,543 2,441 2,386 2,062 2,006 2,171 2,165 NA Pakistan 394 528 397 1,052 2,618 2,883 2,397 3,077 2,558 2,740 3,384 Peru 444 685 1,034 1,291 3,898 3,255 3,721 2,722 3,147 2,966 2,509 Philippines 624 698 1,041 2,294 5,741 5,655 4,968 4,890 5,274 4,607 4,770 Singapore 1,136 981 1,554 5,376 19,375 20,967 20,788 21,833 24,070 22,812 22,509 South Africa b 1,995 2,585 3,355 8,959 25,680 20,859 17,727 18,608 17,348 16,523 18,454 South Korea 33 175 835 5,081 17,505 21,254 21,853 24,445 29,245 30,283 34,715 Sri Lanka 385 409 342 569 1,062 1,088 1,031 1,063 1,467 1,333 1,215 Syria 113 169 203 930 2,108 2,103 2,026 1,910 1,853 NA NA Thailand 411 622 710 2,208 6,505 7,031 6,945 6,368 7,413 7,120 8,794 a Data are from the International Monetary Fund, Interna- b Including data for Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and tional Financial Statistics. Exports are f.o.b. Namibia. 79 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 54 Imports by Selected Non-Communist Countries a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 87,145 133,897 231,421 603,090 1,396,904 1,325,844 1,247,866 1,227,029 1,337,382 1,390,181 NA United States 16,381 23,233 42,695 105,880 256,984 273,352 254,884 269,878 341,179 361,627 387,081 Australia 2,662 3,762 5,056 10,697 22,399 26,215 26,667 21,458 25,919 25,889 25,616 Austria 1,416 2,101 3,549 9,394 24,444 21,043 19,502 19,367 19,629 20,986 26,851 Canada 6,073 8,597 14,251 36,106 62,544 70,010 58,131 64,806 77,946 81,079 85,638 Japan 4,491 8,169 18,881 57,860 141,296 142,866 131,499 126,437 136,176 130,488 127,553 New Zealand 786 1,052 1,245 3,155 5,472 5,734 5,782 5,333 6,203 5,992 6,063 Norway 1,462 2,210 3,702 9,705 16,926 15,650 15,477 13,497 13,885 15,556 20,319 Sweden 2,901 4,377 7,007 17,450 33,438 28,840 27,585 26,098 26,426 28,547 32,688 Switzerland 2,206 3,643 6,374 13,303 36,341 30,682 28,678 29,192 29,521 30,702 41,039 Turkey 468 572 948 4,739 7,909 8,933 8,843 9,235 10,757 11,035 NA European Community 47,128 74,399 124,920 326,691 772,517 687,303 656,473 628,091 636,467 664,134 781,083 Belgium-Luxembourg 3,970 6,502 11,412 30,781 71,864 62,450 58,227 55,313 55,455 56,186 68,580 Denmark 1,805 2,822 4,407 10,368 19,428 17,575 16,691 16,257 16,612 18,245 22,865 France 6,282 10,384 19,131 53,966 134,889 120,953 115,714 105,392 104,372 108,251 129,402 Greece 702 1,134 1,958 5,357 10,548 8,810 10,026 9,500 9,435 10,134 11,350 Ireland 634 1,041 1,621 3,778 11,153 10,608 9,706 9,170 9,674 10,015 11,619 Italy 4,732 7,378 14,970 38,535 99,662 91,102 86,223 80,362 84,218 91,045 99,937 Netherlands 4,531 7,461 13,300 35,531 78,039 67,231 63,766 61,652 62,180 65,197 75,560 Portugal 544 897 1,556 3,839 9,309 9,800 9,572 8,240 7,961 7,652 9,448 Spain 722 3,040 4,747 16,265 34,078 32,150 31,465 29,193 28,831 29,963 35,055 United Kingdom 13,034 16,128 21,871 53,341 115,545 102,710 99,713 100,071 104,722 108,957 126,183 West Germany 10,172 17,612 29,947 74,930 188,002 163,914 155,370 152,941 153,007 158,489 191,084 OPEC 5,403 6,345 9,931 52,080 133,050 156,773 160,382 144,361 126,315 102,890 NA Algeria 1,264 671 1,257 6,008 10,826 11,269 10,754 10,393 10,286 9,061 8,448 Ecuador 114 165 274 987 2,253 2,246 1,989 1,465 1,716 1,606 1,815 Gabon 32 62 80 469 822 976 799 852 724 949 924 Indonesia 574 695 1,002 4,770 10,834 13,272 16,859 16,352 13,882 10,259 10,724 Iran 560 859 1,662 10,343 12,246 12,499 11,955 18,320 15,370 11,635 10,359 Iraq 390 456 508 4,214 13,942 20,735 21,534 12,166 11,078 10,556 9,302 Kuwait 242 377 625 2,390 6,529 6,978 8,282 7,373 7,009 6,639 6,042 Libya 169 320 554 3,542 6,777 8,382 7,175 7,467 6,800 5,422 4,627 Nigeria 604 771 1,059 6,041 16,660 20,877 16,060 12,254 9,364 8,877 NA Qatar 32 70 64 413 1,423 1,518 1,947 1,456 1,162 1,140 1,010 80 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 54 (continued) Imports by Selected Non-Communist Countries a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OPEC (continued) Saudi Arabia 234 506 710 4,214 30,165 35,269 40,644 39,197 33,696 21,000 NA United Arab Emirates NA NA 267 2,685 8,746 9,646 9,440 8,356 7,634 7,568 7,326 Venezuela 1,188 1,393 1,869 6,004 11,827 13,106 12,944 8,710 7,594 8,178 9,524 Other countries Argentina 1,249 1,199 1,694 3,947 10,541 9,430 5,337 4,504 4,585 3,814 NA Brazil 1,462 1,096 2,849 13,592 24,961 24,079 21,069 16,801 15,210 14,332 NA Chile 526 604 941 1,338 5,124 6,364 3,529 2,754 3,191 2,743 2,914 China (Taiwan) 297 558 1,528 5,960 19,750 21,130 18,815 20,315 21,995 20,120 24,165 Colombia 519 454 843 1,495 4,663 5,199 5,478 4,968 4,498 4,141 3,862 Dominican Republic 100 97 304 889 1,640 1,668 1,444 1,471 1,446 1,487 NA Egypt 668 934 787 3,934 4,860 8,782 9,078 10,275 10,766 9,961 NA El Salvador 122 201 214 598 962 985 857 891 977 961 NA Guatemala 121 229 284 733 1,598 1,674 1,388 1,135 1,277 1,175 960 Hong Kong 1,026 1,569 2,905 6,766 22,409 24,765 23,553 24,013 28,567 29,705 35,366 India 2,303 2,838 2,124 6,381 14,864 15,418 14,786 14,061 15,067 14,879 15,027 Israel 556 829 2,115 6,093 9,685 10,191 10,304 9,591 9,800 10,163 NA Jamaica 217 289 525 1,124 1,171 1,473 1,372 1,480 1,130 1,124 964 Lebanon 290 543 653 2,048 3,650 3,499 3,391 3,661 2,948 2,203 2,203 Malaysia 911 1,096 1,401 3,566 10,779 11,550 12,418 13,262 14,051 12,302 10,829 Mexico 1,186 1,560 2,461 6,570 19,460 24,068 15,128 8,023 11,788 13,993 NA Morocco 413 453 684 2,568 4,255 4,400 4,315 3,592 3,911 3,850 NA Pakistan 654 1,047 731 2,158 5,350 5,631 5,465 5,329 5,853 5,890 5,374 Peru 379 729 622 2,551 2,500 3,447 4,168 3,049 2,212 1,835 2,598 Philippines 715 894 1,236 3,756 8,295 8,479 8,263 7,976 6,432 5,459 5,394 Singapore 1,332 1,224 2,461 8,134 24,003 27,572 28,167 28,158 28,667 26,285 25,511 South Africa b 1,629 2,563 3,843 8,293 19,246 22,619 18,575 15,704 16,234 11,469 12,989 South Korea 344 463 1,984 7,274 22,292 26,131 24,251 26,192 30,631 31,136 31,585 Sri Lanka 413 310 386 757 2,057 1,905 2,015 1,935 1,869 1,947 1,857 Syria 239 213 360 1,685 4,118 5,040 4,015 4,542 4,116 NA NA Thailand 447 742 1,299 3,280 9,214 9,955 8,549 10,287 10,398 9,242 9,154 a Data are from the International Monetary Fund, Interna- b Including data for Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and tional Financial Statistics. Imports are c.i.f. Namibia. 81 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 55 Trade Balance of Selected Non-Communist Countries Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD -2,427 -6,804 -9,244 -29,495 -144,738 -94,199 -78,145 -72,814 -105,907 -113,305 NA United States 4,220 4,297 546 2,232 -36,198 -39,613 -42,608 -69,340 -123,289 -148,483 -169,774 Australia -612 -757 -285 1,246 -368 -4,448 -4,680 -823 -2,391 -3,130 -2,987 Austria -296 -501 -692 -1,875 -6,955 -5,202 -3,860 -3,939 -3,890 -3,746 -4,343 Canada -260 -148 2,496 -2,032 5,190 2,716 12,874 11,384 12,262 9,702 4,041 Japan -436 282 437 -2,041 -10,855 8,629 6,886 20,528 33,524 46,676 83,204 New Zealand 61 -45 -22 -993 -51 -112 -211 81 -685 -272 -183 Norway -581 -767 -1,245 -2,473 1,616 2,567 2,116 4,500 5,001 4,429 -2,090 Sweden -335 -406 -212 -67 -2,532 -182 -777 1,348 2,952 1,913 4,572 Switzerland -347 -702 -1,311 -350 -6,709 -3,633 -2,659 -3,601 -3,601 -3,252 -3,568 Turkey -147 -108 -360 -3,338 -4,999 -4,230 -3,097 -3,507 -3,623 -3,077 NA European Community -3,589 -7,723 -8,256 -17,503 -81,309 -50,373 -41,786 -29,357 -23,032 -14,364 -15,280 Belgium-Luxembourg -178 -108 188 -1,977 -7,208 -6,756 -5,873 -3,376 -3,564 -2,450 229 Denmark -311 -502 -1,051 -1,656 -2,446 -1,480 -1,309 -215 -631 -1,155 -1,622 France 584 -208 -1,032 -846 -18,859 -14,529 -19,020 -10,449 -6,806 -6,577 -4,454 Greece -499 -806 -1,315 -3,063 -5,395 -4,564 -5,728 -5,087 -4,624 -5,595 -5,702 Ireland -207 -423 -501 -586 -2,755 -2,931 -1,639 -571 -33 342 1,038 Italy -1,078 -178 -1,764 -3,719 -21,989 -15,838 -12,726 -7,660 -10,901 -12,020 -2,105 Netherlands -503 -1,063 -1,652 -509 -4,099 1,484 2,515 3,031 3,674 3,060 4,963 Portugal -218 -313 -610 -1,900 -4,669 -5,652 -5,408 -3,641 -2,760 -1,967 -2,248 Spain 3 -2,105 -2,359 -8,575 -13,358 -11,817 -10,967 -9,459 -5,267 -5,716 -7,868 United Kingdom -2,425 -2,318 -2,441 -9,918 -5,390 -466 -2,696 -8,430 -10,841 -7,709 -19,194 West Germany 1,243 301 4,281 15,246 4,859 12,176 21,065 16,500 18,721 25,423 52,243 OPEC 2,107 4,130 7,087 61,423 170,487 123,308 63,115 35,250 NA 48,209 NA Algeria -870 -34 -248 -1,308 3,045 3,127 2,390 2,190 2,509 3,539 NA Ecuador 32 -1 -84 -13 228 205 139 759 867 , 1,299 368 Gabon 15 43 64 474 1,709 1,224 1,361 1,148 1,287/ 1,002 NA Indonesia 267 13 106 2,332 11,075 8,988 5,434 4,800 8,020 8,331 4,100 Iran 284 446 961 9,868 1,860 98 7,475 1,192 -2,839 1,800 NA Iraq 77 255 339 4,083 12,336 -10,205 -11,284 -2,381 NA 256 NA Kuwait 720 907 1,068 6,794 13,313 9,321 2,582 4,167 3,064 3,461 NA Libya -157 476 1,812 3,298 15,142 7,194 6,779 3,622 4,340 5,506 NA Nigeria -129 -19 181 1,960 9,286 -3,031 -3,875 -1,897 2,492 3,671 NA Qatar 94 93 173 1,396 4,249 4,173 2,305 1,882 3,351 2,402 1,316 82 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 55 (continued) Trade Balance by Selected Non-Communist Countries Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OPEC (continued) Saudi Arabia 657 889 1,714 25,469 78,918 84,607 38,433 6,664 3,834 7,000 NA United Arab Emirates NA NA 243 4,274 11,932 10,588 7,821 6,729 6,470 6,468 NA Venezuela 1,117 1,062 758 2,796 7,394 7,019 3,555 6,449 6,377 4,094 541 Other countries Argentina -170 294 79 -986 -2,520 -287 2,288 3,332 3,522 4,582 NA Brazil -194 500 -110 -4,922 -4,829 -786 -894 5,098 11,795 11,293 NA Chile -38 33 308 214 -453 -2,458 181 1,082 466 1,080 1,308 China (Taiwan) -133 -108 -100 -659 24 1,390 3,275 4,780 8,430 10,570 15,624 Colombia -54 85 -107 -30 -718 -2,243 -2,383 -1,887 -1,036 - 589 1,240 Dominican Republic 80 29 -55 5 -678 -480 -676 -686 -578 -752 NA Egypt -100 -329 -25 -2,532 -1,813 -5,549 -5,958 -7,061 -7,626 -6,247 NA El Salvador -5 -12 22 -67 112 -188 -158 -156 -252 -285 NA Guatemala -5 -42 14 -92 -41 -420 -235 45 -150 -115 NA Hong Kong -337 -426 -391 -739 -2,679 -2,957 -2,569 -2,059 -250 479 74 India -971 -1,151 -98 -2,026 -6,278 -7,123 -5,428 -4,913 -5,622 -6,876 -5,687 Israel -339 -399 -1,336 -4,152 -4,167 -4,521 -5,049 -4,483 -3,993 -3,903 NA Jamaica -58 -75 -183 -365 -208 -499 -646 -767 -416 -575 -368 Lebanon -247 -456 -461 -927 -2,782 -2,663 -2,664 -2,970 -2,366 -1,721 -1,703 Malaysia 276 140 286 277 2,166 220 -388 842 2,433 3,139 3,046 Mexico -421 -440 -1,058 -3,666 -3,890 -4,422 6,086 13,796 12,619 8,115 NA Morocco -59 -23 -196 -1,025 -1,814 -2,014 -2,253 -1,586 -1,740 1,685 NA Pakistan -260 -519 -334 -1,106 -2,732 -2,748 -3,068 -2,252 -3,295 -3,150 -1,990 Peru 65 -44 412 -1,260 1,398 -192 -447 -327 935 1,131 -89 Philippines -91 -196 -195 -1,462 -2,554 -2,824 -3,295 -3,086 -1,158 -852 -624 Singapore -196 -243 -907 -2,758 -4,628 -6,605 -7,379 -6,325 -4,597 -3,473 -3,002 South Africa a 366 22 -488 666 6,434 -1,760 -849 2,904 1,114 5,054 5,465 South Korea -311 -288 -1,149 -2,193 -4,787 -4,877 -2,398 -1,747 -1,386 -853 3,130 Sri Lanka -28 99 -44 -188 -995 -817 -984 -872 -402 -614 -642 Syria -126 -44 -157 -755 -2,010 -2,937 -1,989 -2,632 -2,263 NA NA Thailand -36 -120 -589 -1,072 -2,709 -2,924 -1,604 -3,919 -2,985 -2,122 -360 a Including data for Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland. 83 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 56 Big Seven: Direction of Trade a Million US $ Exports to (f.o.b.) Imports from (cif.) World Big Seven Other OECD OPEC Com- munist Other World Big Seven Other OECD OPEC Corn- munist Other United States 1980 221,194 92,836 34,893 17,763 7,648 68,054 251,818 107,737 19,386 58,091 2,735 63,869 1981 234,063 96,803 35,465 21,533 7,963 72,298 267,284 123,652 20,498 51,793 3,766 67,575 1982 211,598 86,349 33,274 22,862 6,558 62,555 247,320 124,238 20,302 32,731 3,671 66,377 1983 199,699 89,365 30,752 16,905 5,088 57,589 260,057 134,361 20,983 26,493 3,956 74,264 1984 216,739 101,804 31,282 14,385 7,216 62,051 328,482 177,157 28,245 28,061 5,738 89,280 1985 212,152 100,926 31,209 12,480 7,092 60,447 347,623 198,952 30,447 24,014 6,342 87,867 1986 215,134 106,247 33,402 10,844 5,127 59,514 369,664 218,177 33,443 21,519 7,448 89,077 Japan 1980 127,132 46,940 13,197 18,597 9,489 38,910 139,300 36,035 11,566 56,754 6,902 28,044 1981 148,151 56,115 15,560 22,824 9,770 43,883 140,639 36,891 12,608 54,866 7,872 28,402 1982 135,724 52,370 14,189 21,775 8,525 38,866 129,373 34,970 11,512 48,470 7,516 26,905 1983 143,705 60,716 14,728 19,088 9,059 40,114 124,259 35,860 11,995 42,202 7,103 27,100 1984 165,433 78,952 16,109 15,839 10,834 43,699 133,437 39,031 14,003 41,371 8,038 30,993 1985 173,812 86,238 16,997 13,287 16,649 40,641 127,508 38,075 13,665 36,563 8,634 30,570 1986 205,057 109,674 22,072 11,737 14,491 47,084 123,444 45,640 15,056 23,954 8,455 30,338 West Germany 1980 203,072 69,998 77,540 12,545 10,785 32,204 194,312 69,543 67,176 20,590 9,623 27,380 1981 184,893 63,416 66,924 15,398 8,777 30,378 169,113 62,056 58,711 16,645 8,565 23,135 1982 184,536 65,868 66,878 15,693 8,519 27,578 160,393 58,976 56,653 13,514 8,837 22,412 1983 177,095 64,536 65,152 12,403 8,912 26,092 158,042 58,444 58,375 10,687 8,723 21,813 1984 179,112 69,475 65,348 9,844 8,271 26,174 158,552 58,737 57,656 9,660 9,282 23,216 1985 192,203 75,489 71,577 8,590 9,720 26,826 164,664 61,606 60,461 9,219 9,063 24,315 1986 254,146 101,167 98,753 8,235 12,074 33,916 199,149 78,060 74,909 6,078 9,781 30,320 France 1980 120,937 46,227 31,694 9,831 5,284 27,901 137,172 56,336 33,760 25,133 5,813 16,129 1981 110,883 41,199 27,317 10,895 4,521 26,952 123,290 50,165 29,731 22,332 5,527 15,536 1982 99,910 37,902 25,255 10,221 3,306 232,225 117,785 50,554 29,113 18,397 4,848 14,872 84 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 56 (continued) Big Seven: Direction of Trade a Million US $ Exports to (fob.) Imports from (cif) World Big Seven Other OECD OPEC Corn- munist Other World Big Seven Other OECD OPEC Corn- munist Other France (continued) 1983 97,667 38,638 24,717 8,714 3,998 21,601 107,479 47,398 28,040 13,366 4,554 14,121 1984 100,424 40,841 25,554 9,078 3,438 21,513 106,565 47,006 28,173 11,957 4,313 15,115 1985 104,711 44,032 27,525 7,248 3,839 22,066 110,673 49,494 30,645 10,470 4,349 15,714 1986 128,579 55,425 36,059 6,582 3,521 26,991 132,299 63,602 38,545 7,397 5,129 17,626 United Kingdom 1980 113,801 38,296 40,134 10,330 3,146 21,894 117,664 48,795 39,230 9,898 2,547 17,194 1981 105,324 37,351 35,201 11,079 2,367 19,325 104,044 44,196 36,286 7,237 2,058 14,266 1982 99,546 36,571 33,359 10,189 1,813 17,614 101,056 44,133 35,202 5,715 2,326 13,680 1983 93,918 36,460 31,973 7,986 1,758 15,741 101,383 46,022 35,816 3,974 2,343 13,229 1984 96,157 39,599 32,268 6,722 2,259 15,308 106,564 47,517 38,164 3,335 2,717 14,831 1985 103,750 44,640 34,799 6,596 2,133 15,582 111,220 50,673 39,947 3,218 2,449 14,933 1986 109,920 46,254 36,716 6,953 2,619 17,378 128,673 60,368 45,732 2,439 2,746 17,387 Italy 1980 82,220 36,082 17,382 9,815 3,115 15,826 102,755 44,002 18,496 17,667 5,866 16,723 1981 79,532 32,666 15,116 12,804 2,902 16,043 93,613 37,480 16,241 19,491 5,190 15,210 1982 77,578 33,796 15,330 10,670 2,745 15,036 89,032 35,721 16,240 17,357 5,703 14,010 1983 76,615 34,370 15,428 9,883 3,063 13,872 83,834 32,420 16,561 14,856 5,738 14,259 1984 77,252 36,651 15,259 8,617 3,017 13,708 88,335 34,543 18,396 13,344 6,563 15,489 1985 83,590 40,986 17,060 7,272 3,550 14,721 94,995 38,447 19,933 14,420 5,625 16,570 1986 103,332 52,993 23,317 6,191 4,012 16,819 104,096 48,554 25,266 9,308 4,905 16,062 Canada 1980 68,133 50,631 4,332 1,813 2,838 8,518 66,823 52,443 2,671 4,902 549 6,256 1981 73,090 55,456 3,903 2,044 2,969 8,718 74,398 58,376 2,855 5,180 666 7,321 1982 71,605 54,644 3,426 2,113 3,288 8,133 61,988 49,874 2,437 2,753 460 6,463 1983 76,758 61,700 2,906 1,564 3,269 7,318 68,872 57,000 2,689 1,877 457 6,849 1984 90,332 74,638 3,178 1,531 3,087 7,897 82,997 68,966 3,166 1,869 566 8,430 1985 � 90,663 76,066 3,041 1,147 2,508 7,901 86,263 72,023 3,547 1,625 568 8,499 1986 89,693 75,481 3,151 1,050 2,136 7,875 90,906 75,878 4,041 1,187 737 9,063 a Data are from the International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade. Country totals in this table do not agree with totals in Tables 53 and 54 because of different practices of reporting data in the International Financial Statistics and the Direction of Trade. 85 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 57 Big Seven: Exports, by Commodity a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Big Seven 163,218 415,790 904,105 904,620 854,292 842,358 902,835 933,677 1,076,266 Foodstuffs 15,946 44,765 90,033 93,414 83,686 81,808 82,901 75,514 82,395 Raw materials 13,319 24,164 58,047 46,874 40,282 42,499 46,029 43,626 44,948 Fuels 5,274 18,085 48,554 56,085 57,430 52,956 53,795 56,640 39,498 Manufactures 124,555 318,916 690,765 691,218 654,836 646,256 698,424 734,816 877,365 Other 4,124 9,862 16,706 17,029 18,058 18,839 21,686 23,081 32,050 United States 43,226 107,652 216,916 230,506 210,929 199,144 216,008 211,406 211,897 Foodstuffs 6,919 21,105 39,392 42,262 35,711 35,043 35,771 28,073 26,325 Raw materials 4,114 7,538 20,066 15,136 13,339 13,277 14,924 13,522 13,280 Fuels 1,695 4,481 8,134 10,294 12,777 9,703 9,468 10,106 8,205 Manufactures 28,762 70,961 144,065 156,991 142,470 134,698 146,932 149,201 153,896 Other 1,736 3,568 5,261 5,825 6,634 6,424 8,915 10,505 10,193 Canada 16,185 32,300 63,105 68,281 66,977 72,420 84,938 85,575 86,488 Foodstuffs 1,975 4,399 7,773 8,775 8,987 9,150 9,308 7,946 7,797 Raw materials 4,850 7,450 15,519 14,300 12,167 13,116 14,623 13,924 14,422 Fuels 978 5,334 9,010 9,451 9,601 10,017 11,079 11,921 8,202 Manufactures 8,262 14,842 29,724 34,115 34,849 38,576 47,714 49,645 53,152 Other 119 276 1,079 1,640 1,372 1,562 2,214 2,139 2,915 Japan 19,319 55,728 129,542 151,910 138,584 146,804 170,038 175,858 206,219 Foodstuffs 674 808 1,704 1,837 1,498 1,509 1,589 1,428 1,550 Raw materials 433 1,262 2,218 1,731 1,442 1,768 1,513 1,622 1,853 Fuels 48 220 504 554 411 432 505 539 581 Manufactures 17,965 52,638 123,768 146,503 133,949 141,653 164,808 170,537 200,108 Other 200 800 1,350 1,286 1,291 1,442 1,623 1,733 2,127 86 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release. 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 57 (continued) Big Seven: Exports, by Commodity a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 West Germany 34,189 90,021 191,647 175,485 175,456 168,748 171,016 183,335 242,404 Foodstuffs 1,188 4,241 10,146 10,227 9,814 9,236 9,414 9,608 12,375 Raw materials 1,192 2,643 6,512 5,007 4,391 4,709 4,829 4,876 4,243 Fuels 1,011 2,813 7,143 6,973 6,473 5,626 5,546 5,058 3,880 Manufactures 30,232 78,706 162,675 147,755 149,518 143,140 145,710 158,223 217,393 Other 565 1,618 5,172 5,523 5,260 6,039 5,517 5,570 4,512 France 17,739 51,604 110,868 101,247 92,359 91,145 93,166 97,458 119,071 Foodstuffs 2,803 8,069 17,796 17,216 15,239 15,415 15,271 15,903 19,406 Raw materials 1,199 2,628 5,853 4,649 3,869 4,045 4,556 4,481 4,835 Fuels 376 1,410 4,485 4,724 3,661 3,461 3,396 3,751 3,190 Manufactures 13,147 39,052 82,276 74,264 69,173 67,632 69,444 72,807 91,070 Other 214 445 456 394 417 592 499 516 570 United Kingdom 19,351 43,660 114,382 102,137 96,544 91,421 94,308 101,097 106,654 Foodstuffs 1,259 3,221 7,774 7,500 6,989 6,554 6,486 6,671 8,411 Raw materials 1,190 1,961 6,418 4,387 3,855 4,196 4,100 3,685 4,225 Fuels 496 1,798 14,882 19,364 19,517 19,824 20,479 21,578 12,677 Manufactures 15,151 33,682 82,603 68,405 63,492 58,411 60,908 66,833 78,476 Other 1,253 2,998 2,705 2,481 2,691 2,436 2,335 2,330 2,865 Italy 13,210 34,825 77,641 75,247 73,440 72,671 73,359 78,945 97,815 Foodstuffs 1,127 2,921 5,448 5,597 5,454 4,901 5,062 5,885 6,550 Raw materials 341 682 1,462 1,664 1,220 1,389 1,484 1,516 1,889 Fuels 669 2,030 4,395 4,725 4,991 3,893 3,323 3,687 2,728 Manufactures 11,036 29,035 65,652 63,182 61,382 62,144 62,907 67,569 86,137 Other 37 157 684 79 393 344 583 288 511 a Data are from the United Nations trade tapes. Country totals in this table do not agree with totals in tables 53 and 56 because of differences in reporting practices. 87 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 58 Big Seven: Imports, by Commodity a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Big Seven 157,592 408,071 984,149 950,059 889,979 888,310 989,823 1,025,178 1,129,451 Foodstuffs 27,228 60,387 106,733 101,677 97,838 97,298 101,652 104,041 120,827 Raw materials 27,828 45,582 100,855 82,894 72,611 75,183 80,872 76,183 76,727 Fuels 17,018 101,364 280,218 284,271 245,788 216,450 221,160 208,549 144,000 Manufactures 81,261 190,483 483,309 469,087 460,132 485,341 569,661 618,381 756,901 Other 4,260 10,255 13,051 12,146 13,624 14,053 16,490 18,024 30,956 United States 39,962 96,941 250,280 271,213 253,033 267,971 338,189 358,895 381,362 Foodstuffs 6,446 10,518 20,572 20,910 19,902 21,024 24,254 25,238 27,255 Raw materials 4,687 8,116 17,504 17,258 13,056 16,043 17,598 16,041 17,013 Fuels 3,081 26,403 82,204 84,261 67,424 59,999 63,074 55,680 39,768 Manufactures 23,988 48,526 125,798 143,734 147,004 165,081 226,383 253,434 287,985 Other 1,761 3,377 4,204 5,053 5,650 5,825 6,881 8,503 9,283 Canada 13,348 33,954 57,707 64,897 54,259 60,477 73,230 75,869 81,095 Foodstuffs 1,153 2,817 4,301 4,554 4,186 4,228 4,761 4,480 4,926 Raw materials 727 1,578 3,635 3,384 2,610 3,025 3,219 2,951 3,424 Fuels 749 4,090 7,143 7,953 5,473 4,171 4,702 4,568 3,782 Manufactures 10,518 25,071 41,734 47,976 41,012 48,077 59,141 62,428 66,040 Other 202 397 894 1,030 978 977 1,408 1,442 2,922 Japan 18,883 57,840 139,892 140,830 130,319 125,017 134,257 127,512 124,269 Foodstuffs 3,195 10,344 16,849 18,247 16,576 17,117 18,609 17,752 20,802 Raw materials 7,188 11,421 26,120 22,073 21,039 20,331 21,934 20,108 19,519 Fuels 3,906 25,641 69,991 72,563 65,618 58,925 60,337 55,790 35,909 Manufactures 4,381 9,849 26,023 26,897 26,121 27,586 32,167 32,123 38,250 Other 213 584 912 1,055 968 1,062 1,214 1,743 9,789 88 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 58 (continued) Big Seven: Imports, by Commodity a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 West Germany 29,814 74,208 185,922 162,691 154,049 152,011 152,872 157,596 189,647 Foodstuffs 5,524 12,092 22,749 20,343 19,576 18,924 18,599 19,145 22,503 Raw materials 5,109 8,095 17,798 13,378 12,263 12,442 13,299 12,887 12,233 Fuels 2,627 13,099 41,904 39,802 36,427 32,404 31,170 31,348 21,876 Manufactures 15,608 38,760 98,797 85,827 82,067 84,559 85,487 90,647 127,948 Other 947 2,163 4,676 3,344 3,719 3,684 4,320 3,582 5,086 France 18,922 53,606 134,328 120,279 115,454 105,272 103,613 107,588 127,854 Foodstuffs 2,798 6,921 13,815 12,406 12,231 11,938 11,693 11,825 15,000 Raw materials 2,675 5,050 10,737 8,503 7,310 6,890 7,183 7,050 7,639 Fuels 2,291 12,260 35,726 34,671 30,827 25,751 24,905 23,946 16,144 Manufactures 11,103 29,210 73,544 64,564 64,998 60,602 59,756 64,668 88,962 Other 55 165 509 137 91 93 78 101 111 United Kingdom 21,724 53,595 117,902 101,153 99,032 99,240 105,687 109,110 125,449 Foodstuffs 5,267 10,345 15,564 14,265 13,699 12,777 13,018 12,944 15,695 Raw materials 4,342 6,048 12,437 8,904 7,710 8,487 8,022 7,533 8,089 Fuels 2,270 9,613 15,912 14,280 12,868 10,657 13,797 13,496 9,185 Manufactures 8,804 24,180 72,474 62,293 63,114 65,889 69,387 73,553 90,427 Other 1,042 3,409 1,516 - 1,412 1,642 1,431 1,466 1,584 2,053 Italy 14,939 37,928 98,119 88,996 83,834 78,322 81,971 88,593 99,775 Foodstuffs 2,846 7,350 12,883 10,952 11,669 11,289 10,718 12,657 14,646 Raw materials 3,100 5,274 12,624 9,394 8,625 7,965 9,618 9,623 8,810 Fuels 2,095 10,258 27,338 30,741 27,150 24,544 23,176 23,722 17,336 Manufactures 6,859 14,888 44,937 37,797 35,815 33,546 37,339 41,525 57,289 Other 40 159 339 114 576 981 1,122 1,068 1,693 a Data are from the United Nations trade tapes. Country totals in this table do not agree with totals in tables 54 and 56 because of differences in reporting practices. 89 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 59 Big Seven: Trade Balance, by Commodity Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Big Seven 5,626 7,719 -80,044 -45,439 -35,687 -45,952 -86,985 -91,501 -53,185 Foodstuffs -11,282 -15,622 -16,700 -8,263 -14,152 -15,489 -18,751 -28,527 -38,432 Raw materials -14,508 -21,418 -42,808 -36,020 -32,329 -32,684 -34,843 -32,557 -31,779 Fuels -11,744 -83,279 -231,664 -228,186 -188,358 -163,494 -167,365 -151,909 -104,502 Manufactures 43,294 128,433 207,456 222,131 194,704 160,915 128,763 116,435 120,464 Other -136 -393 3,655 4,883 4,434 4,786 5,196 5,057 1,094 United States 3,264 10,711 -33,364 -40,707 -42,104 -68,827 -122,181 -147,489 -169,465 Foodstuffs 473 10,587 18,820 21,352 15,809 14,019 11,517 2,835 -930 Raw materials -573 -578 2,562 -2,122 283 -2,766 -2,674 -2,519 -3,733 Fuels -1,386 -21,923 -74,070 -73,967 -54,647 -50,296 -53,606 -45,574 -31,563 Manufactures 4,774 22,435 18,267 13,257 -4,534 -30,383 -79,451 -104,233 -134,090 Other -24 191 -1,057 -772 -984 599 2,034 2,002 910 Canada 2,836 -1,654 5,398 3,384 12,718 11,943 11,708 9,706 5,393 Foodstuffs 823 1,582 3,472 4,221 4,801 4,922 4,547 3,466 2,871 Raw materials 4,123 5,872 11,884 10,916 9,557 10,091 11,404 10,973 10,998 Fuels 229 1,243 1,867 1,498 4,128 5,846 6,377 7,353 4,420 Manufactures -2,255 -10,229 -12,010 -13,861 -6,163 -9,501 -11,427 -12,783 -12,888 Other -83 -121 185 610 394 585 806 697 -7 Japan 437 -2,112 -10,350 11,080 8,265 21,787 35,781 48,346 81,950 Foodstuffs -2,521 -9,536 -15,145 -16,410 -15,084 -15,608 -17,020 -16,323 -19,252 Raw materials -6,755 -10,158 -23,902 -20,342 -19,597 -18,563 -20,421 -18,486 -17,666 Fuels -3,858 -25,422 -69,487 -72,009 -65,207 -58,493 -59,832 -55,251 -35,328 Manufactures 13,584 42,788 97,745 119,606 107,828 114,067 132,641 138,414 161,858 Other -13 216 438 231 323 380 409 -10 -7,662 90 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 59 (continued) Big Seven: Trade Balance, by Commodity Million US $ 1970 1975 � 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 West Germany 4,375 15,814 5,725 12,794 21,407 16,737 18,144 25,739 52,757 Foodstuffs -4,335 -7,850 -12,603 -10,116 -9,762 -9,688 -9,185 -9,537 -10,128 Raw materials -3,917 -5,452 -11,286 -8,371 -7,872 -7,733 -8,470 -8,011 -7,990 Fuels -1,616 -10,286 -34,761 -32,829 -29,954 -26,778 -25,624 -26,290 -17,996 Manufactures 14,624 39,946 63,878 61,928 67,451 58,581 60,223 67,576 89,445 Other -382 -545 496 2,179 1,541 2,355 1,197 1,988 -574 France -1,184 -2,002 -23,460 -19,032 -23,095 -14,127 -10,447 -10,130 -8,783 Foodstuffs 5 1,148 3,981 4,810 3,008 3,477 3,578 4,078 4,406 Raw materials -1,476 -2,422 -4,884 -3,854 -3,441 -2,845 -2,627 -2,569 -2,804 Fuels -1,915 -10,850 -31,241 -29,947 -27,166 -22,290 -21,509 -20,195 -12,954 Manufactures 2,044 9,842 8,732 9,700 4,175 7,030 9,688 8,139 2,108 Other 158 280 -53 257 326 499 421 415 459 United Kingdom -2,373 -9,935 -3,520 984 -2,490 -7,819 -11,379 -8,013 -18,795 Foodstuffs -4,007 -7,124 -7,790 -6,765 -6,710 -6,223 -6,532 -6,273 -7,284 Raw materials -3,151 -4,087 -6,019 -4,517 -3,855 -4,291 -3,922 -3,848 -3,864 Fuels -1,773 -7,815 -1,030 5,084 6,649 9,167 6,682 8,082 3,492 Manufactures 6,348 9,502 10,129 6,112 378 -7,478 -8,479 -6,720 -11,951 Other 211 -412 1,189 1,069 1,049 1,005 869 746 812 Italy -1,729 -3,103 -20,478 -13,749 -10,394 -5,651 -8,612 -9,648 -1,960 Foodstuffs -1,719 -4,428 -7,435 -5,355 -6,215 -6,388 -5,656 -6,772 -8,096 Raw materials -2,760 -4,592 -11,162 -7,730 -7,405 -6,576 -8,134 -8,107 -6,921 Fuels -1,426 -8,227 -22,943 -26,016 -22,159 -20,651 -19,853 -20,035 -14,608 Manufactures 4,177 14,147 20,715 25,385 25,567 28,598 25,568 26,044 28,848 Other -3 -2 345 -35 -183 -637 -539 -780 -1,182 91 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 60 Selected Non-OPEC LDCs: Indexes of Export Prices, Import Prices, and Terms of Trade a 1970= 100 1975 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Non-OPEC LDCs Export 185 226 233 273 314 301 282 273 277 252 Import 217 230 252 295 358 368 350 337 331 310 Terms of Trade 85 98 92 93 88 82 81 81 84 81 Brazil Export 189 266 246 269 285 268 252 238 243 229 Import 217 232 247 297 380 422 408 387 367 346 Terms of Trade 87 115 100 91 75 64 62 61 66 66 Colombia Export 175 376 315 311 347 311 308 309 330 308 Import 173 192 215 237 260 276 282 276 285 269 Terms of Trade 101 196 147 131 133 113 109 112 116 114 El Salvador Export 164 317 266 302 312 290 275 222 NA NA Import 197 193 215 240 305 339 362 337 NA NA Terms of Trade 83 164 124 126 102 86 76 66 NA NA Ethiopia Export 123 222 220 229 221 NA NA NA NA NA Import 155 177 197 214 240 263 NA NA NA NA Terms of Trade 79 134 125 112 107 92 NA NA NA NA India Export 172 199 211 230 NA NA NA NA NA NA Import 226 201 224 292 NA NA NA NA NA NA Terms of Trade 76 99 94 79 NA NA NA NA NA NA Jordan Export 291 245 271 280 335 346 355 315 324 306 Import 259 251 262 284 355 389 371 329 327 310 Terms of Trade 112 98 103 99 94 89 96 96 99 99 Kenya Export 175 297 270 297 360 324 295 290 321 278 Import 221 245 278 333 440 462 440 462 436 453 Terms of Trade 79 121 97 89 82 70 67 63 74 61 Malaysia Export 183 246 273 351 414 381 350 337 350 299 Import 249 254 276 314 378 409 401 387 372 347 Terms of Trade 73 97 99 112 110 93 87 87 94 86 92 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 60 (continued) Selected Non-OPEC LDCs: Indexes of Export Prices, Import Prices, and Terms of Trade a 1970=100 1975 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Mauritius Export 454 332 350 385 436 405 369 366 347 354 Import 257 283 324 382 458 421 428 389 372 364 Terms of Trade 177 117 108 101 95 96 86 94 93 97 Morocco Export 308 203 234 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Import 232 162 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Terms of Trade 133 125 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pakistan Export 173 227 258 299 319 331 303 294 306 265 Import 220 218 231 259 323 371 350 318 326 299 Terms of Trade 79 104 112 115 99 89 87 92 94 89 Philippines Export 168 150 168 207 216 211 176 184 203 178 Import 258 283 289 339 420 467 399 401 453 426 Terms of Trade 65 53 58 61 51 45 44 46 45 42 South Korea Export 148 181 200 241 252 260 251 242 250 241 Import 217 217 230 295 355 374 346 330 334 320 Terms of Trade 68 83 87 82 71 70 73 73 75 75 Sri Lanka Export 143 209 223 244 265 240 217 245 290 241 Import 261 222 240 367 493 548 466 423 423 440 Terms of Trade 55 94 93 66 54 44 47 58 69 55 Syria Export 291 381 404 531 690 766 669 628 642 NA Import 273 297 317 397 515 669 628 726 680 NA Terms of Trade 107 128 127 134 134 114 107 87 94 NA Thailand Export 212 210 229 272 321 310 273 277 271 239 Import 239 270 294 338 418 465 451 426 417 398 Terms of Trade 89 78 78 80 77 67 61 65 65 68 Tunisia Export 395 340 375 529 770 791 724 653 NA NA Import 215 202 213 236 267 258 234 212 198 198 Terms of Trade 184 168 176 224 288 307 309 308 NA NA a Data are from the International Financial Statistics. US from national data, with the original 1975 comparison base dollar indexes for total exports and total imports converted shifted to 1970. 93 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 61 Newly Industrialized Countries: Trade With the Big Seven Billion US $ 1970 1975 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 NICs Exports 0.3 20.2 48.1 58.1 67.2 69.8 82.8 101.1 103.8 114.1 Imports 9.3 28.1 54.4 68.6 75.8 63.6 62.4 72.2 71.3 82.8 Balance -9.0 -7.9 -6.3 -10.5 -8.6 6.2 20.4 28.9 32.5 31.3 Brazil Exports 0.2 4.6 6.0 7.3 8.2 8.2 12.0 15.9 16.0 14.9 Imports 1.7 6.6 6.6 8.4 7.6 6.0 4.8 6.0 6.0 8.3 Balance -1.5 -2.0 -0.6 -1.1 0.6 2.2 7.2 9.9 10.0 6.6 China (Taiwan) Exports NEGL 3.6 11.2 12.6 14.2 14.7 17.8 22.7 24.5 30.9 Imports 1.3 3.9 8.7 10.6 10.8 9.8 11.3 12.5 11.1 15.2 Balance -1.3 -0.3 2.5 2.0 3.4 4.9 6.5 10.2 13.4 15.7 Hong Kong Exports 0.1 3.5 7.2 8.5 9.6 9.3 10.4 13.3 13.0 15.8 Imports 1.5 2.9 7.5 9.6 10.2 9.7 10.0 12.0 11.7 13.8 Balance -1.4 0.6 -0.3 -1.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 Mexico Exports 0.1 3.7 10.2 15.3 18.0 20.0 21.6 23.3 23.8 20.9 Imports 2.3 6.8 12.5 19.1 23.2 15.2 11.4 14.5 16.3 15.3 Balance -2.2 -3.1 -2.3 -3.8 -5.2 4.8 10.2 8.8 7.5 -5.6 Singapore Exports NEGL 1.4 4.4 5.3 6.2 5.9 7.2 8.5 8.4 8.5 Imports 0.9 3.2 6.6 9.2 10.3 10.4 11.1 11.2 10.3 10.6 Balance -0.9 -1.8 -2.2 -4.0 -4.2 -4.1 -3.9 -2.7 -1.9 -2.1 South Korea Exports NEGL 3.5 9.1 9.1 11.0 11.7 13.8 17.4 18.1 23.1 Imports 1.6 4.6 12.5 11.7 13.7 12.5 13.8 16.2 15.9 19.6 Balance -1.6 -1.1 -3.4 -2.6 -2.7 0.8 NEGL 1.2 2.2 3.5 94 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 62 Selected Countries: Oil Export Revenues Billion US $ 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Non-Communist countries Algeria 4 6 9 15 14 13 13 12 13 6 Ecuador 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Gabon 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 Indonesia 4 6 8 13 14 15 14 12 8 5 Iran 19 21 20 13 11 19 19 17 15 7 Iraq 8 11 22 25 11 10 8 10 11 7 Kuwait 8 9 17 19 14 9 10 11 10 7 Libya 6 10 15 23 14 14 12 10 9 5 Mexico NEGL 2 4 9 13 16 15 15 13 6 Nigeria 7 9 16 24 18 12 10 12 12 6 Qatar 2 2 4 6 6 4 3 3 3 2 Saudi Arabia 27 36 56 99 112 74 45 37 26 22 United Arab Emirates 7 8 13 19 19 16 13 11 11 7 Venezuela 8 9 13 18 19 16 14 15 13 7 Communist countries USSR a 8 15 22 28 30 35 37 39 37 33 a Soviet prices to other CEMA countries, which in volume terms account for about one half of Soviet exports of crude oil and petroleum products, have been based on an average of the world market prices for the previous five years. 95 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 63 Selected Countries: Oil Import Bill a Billion US $ 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 Developed Countries United States 2.3 7.0 24.8 59.5 76.9 54.3 58.1 51.4 36.5 Israel 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.7 Japan 2.7 6.7 21.0 38.0 58.9 45.7 45.5 40.6 24.1 European Community France 1.6 3.3 10.5 19.4 30.7 20.7 20.0 18.8 11.1 Italy 1.2 2.4 9.2 16.6 24.6 21.1 18.8 19.3 11.9 Netherlands 0.3 0.5 5.8 12.4 17.0 13.7 12.8 12.6 7.4 Spain 0.4 0.9 3.7 7.1 11.9 10.5 9.9 9.8 6.2 United Kingdom 1.8 3.3 9.3 11.0 14.0 8.6 11.0 10.5 6.4 West Germany 2.0 5.1 11.7 26.6 35.1 25.2 24.4 24.1 15.5 Less developed countries Brazil 0.2 0.7 3.3 6.9 10.3 8.7 6.9 5.8 3.0 India 0.2 0.7 1.4 3.0 6.1 3.5 2.9 3.1 2.5 South Korea 0.1 0.3 1.3 3.4 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 3.9 China (Taiwan) 0.1 0.2 0.7 2.5 4.2 4.1 b 3.8 b 33 b 2.8 Philippines 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.3 0.8 b Thailand 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.6 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 0.8 Colombia -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 Pakistan 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 Hong Kong 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 Chile 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 a Total cost of imported crude oil and petroleum products. b Crude petroleum only. 96 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 64 Importance of Soviet Trade to Selected Western Countries Percent Soviet Trading Partner Exports to USSR as a Share of Total Exports Imports From USSR as a Share of Total Imports Share of Trading Partner's GNP Exports to the USSR Imports From the USSR 1980 1983 1984 1985 1980 1983 1984 1985 1980 1983 1984 1985 1980 1983 1984 1985 Argentina 20.1 20.9 14.7 14.4 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.8 NEGL NEGL NA NEGL NEGL NEGL NA Australia 4.8 2.4 2.5 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 NEGL 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 NEGL NEGL 0.1 NEGL Austria 2.7 3.9 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.3 5.0 4.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 Brazil 1.8 3.4 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 NEGL 0.1 0.1 NEGL Canada 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 0.1 NEGL NEGL NEGL 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 NEGL NEGL NEGL NEGL Finland 17.6 26.1 18.9 21.5 21.0 25.7 23.2 20.6 4.9 6.8 5.1 5.7 6.5 6.9 5.8 5.3 France 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 Italy 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.0 3.0 4.5 4.9 3.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 Japan 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Netherlands 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.7 4.3 3.6 3.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 United Kingdom 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 United States 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 NEGL NEGL NEGL NEGL West Germany 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.9 3.3 2.9 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 97 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 65 Selected Exporting Countries: Trade of High-Technology Industries Percent Microelectronics Rank 1981 1 United States (25.7) 2 Japan (12.3) 3 Malaysia (10.7) 4 Singapore (7.7) 5 West Germany (5.8) 6 Philippines (5.0) 1985 United States (23.1) Japan (16.6) Malaysia (10.4) Singapore (6.1) West Germany (5.5) United Kingdom (5.3) 7 Hong Kong South Korea (4.3) (4.5) Computers 1981 United States (40.8) West Germany (10.7) United Kingdom (8.5) France (7.8) Japan (6.1) Italy (4.1) Canada (3.6) Telecommunications Equipment 1985 1981 United States Japan (32.3) (15.6) Japan West Germany (13.2) (14.8) United Kingdom Sweden (8.8) (14.2) West Germany United States (8.2) (12.4) France Netherlands (5.2) (7.3) Italy France (3.6) (5.9) Netherlands Canada (3.4) (5.2) 1985 Japan (24.0) Sweden (12.6) United States (11.8) West Germany (9.5) Canada (8.1) France (6.1) Aerospace 1981 United States (49.4) United Kingdom (14.2) West Germany (10.3) France (6.5) Canada (4.9) Italy (3.8) United Kingdom Belgium (3.5) (1.4) 1985 United States (47.9) United Kingdom (12.9) West Germany (10.5) France (8.5) Canada (5.1) Italy (3.6) Netherlands (1.5) Machine Tools and Robotics 1981 West Germany (22.5) United States (17.6) Japan (14.2) Italy (8.6) Switzerland (8.0) United Kingdom (6.2) 1985 Japan (21.5) West Germany (17.3) United States (17.0) Switzerland (8.9) Italy (7.4) United Kingdom (4.9) France France (4.9) (3.3) 98 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 66 Soviet Foreign Trade a Million US $ Total Trade Communist Countries Non-Communist Countries Total Eastern Europe China Other Asia Other b Total Developed Countries Less Developed Countries Total Unspecified 1960 Exports Imports 5,558 5,623 4,210 3,974 3,071 2,792 816 847 66 98 257 237 1,348 1,649 1,022 1,120 326 529 31 33 1965 Exports Imports 8,166 8,050 5,555 5,606 4,551 4,668 192 225 165 120 647 593 2,611 2,444 1,506 1,647 1,105 797 270 2 1970 Exports Imports 12,787 11,720 8,359 7,630 6,752 6,627 25 22 415 156 1,167 825 4,428 4,090 2,449 2,849 1,979 1,241 795 16 1975 Exports Imports 33,406 37,076 20,271 19,415 16,494 15,723 129 150 480 277 3,168 3,265 13,135 17,661 8,573 13,554 4,562 4,107 1,908 31 1979 Exports Imports 64,912 57,966 36,152 32,810 28,380 26,762 268 241 1,081 618 6,423 5,189 28,760 25,156 19,576 20,405 9,184 4,751 4,361 49 1980 Exports Imports 76,437 68,473 41,433 36,420 32,216 29,407 261 226 1,203 681 7,753 6,106 35,004 32,053 24,932 24,386 10,072 7,667 4,766 168 1981 Exports Imports 79,380 73,194 43,439 37,174 33,777 29,399 115 131 1,528 584 8,019 7,060 35,941 36,020 24,416 25,356 11,525 10,664 4,935 209 1982 Exports Imports 87,168 77,846 47,182 42,529 36,288 33,566 166 143 1,711 791 9,017 8,029 39,986 35,317 26,222 26,202 13,764 9,115 6,422 172 1983 Exports Imports 91,652 80,451 51,005 45,494 39,355 37,163 345 314 1,768 764 9,537 7,253 40,647 34,957 26,707 25,379 13,940 9,578 7,053 287 1984 Exports Imports 91,495 80,410 51,889 47,067 39,847 37,530 575 627 1,836 778 9,631 8,132 39,606 33,343 26,425 24,228 13,181 9,115 6,905 136 1985 Exports Imports 86,957 82,929 53,250 50,662 40,710 39,398 935 991 2,388 834 9,217 9,439 33,707 32,267 22,490 23,301 11,217 8,966 5,144 127 1986 Exports Imports 97,046 88,873 64,995 59,425 51,021 47,275 1,293 1,295 3,198 1,077 9,483 9,778 32,051 29,448 18,824 22,651 13,227 6,797 7,777 134 a Official Soviet statistics using US dollar exchange rates for the Soviet foreign exchange ruble as announced by the State Bank of the USSR. Exports and imports are f.o.b. b Cuba, Mongolia, and Yugoslavia. 99 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 67 Soviet Exports a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total exports 5,558 8,166 12,787 33,406 76,437 79,380 87,168 91,652 91,495 86,957 Machinery and equipment 1,141 1,634 2,753 6,241 12,081 10,862 11,230 11,426 11,408 11,858 Fuels, lubricants, and related materials 902 1,403 1,986 10,476 35,908 39,882 45,588 49,193 49,743 45,894 Coal and coke b 242 384 408 1,399 1,695 1,597 1,660 1,757 1,730 1,836 Petroleum and petroleum products 657 998 1,469 8,212 27,851 30,029 35,028 38,092 38,002 33,826 Ores and concentrates 243 310 403 868 993 1,016 1,026 1,053 1,042 982 Iron ore 175 250 325 692 651 656 665 682 662 623 Base metals and manufactures 837 1,328 1,978 3,813 NA NA NA NA NA NA Ferrous metals 642 997 1,351 2,673 3,551 3,511 3,644 3,681 3,534 3,591 Rolled ferrous metals 480 716 961 1,794 2,465 2,422 2,465 2,503 2,346 2,363 Nonferrous metals 195 331 627 1,140 NA NA NA NA NA NA Aluminum 35 111 184 356 NA NA NA NA NA NA Chemicals 150 244 334 949 2,025 2,275 2,203 2,307 2,707 2,824 Wood and wood products 305 593 831 1,916 3,093 2,632 2,471 2,587 2,575 2,634 Lumber 183 312 333 780 1,207 990 912 936 941 976 Textile raw materials and semimanufactures 358 421 437 976 1,435 1,545 1,566 1,297 1,142 1,111 Cotton fiber 288 334 372 917 1,357 1,472 1,444 1,195 1,000 965 Consumer goods 907 904 1,310 2,378 2,679 2,733 2,573 2,597 2,583 2,563 Food 702 664 994 1,538 1,407 1,584 1,331 1,299 1,337 1,283 Grain. 467 270 399 508 310 404 393 326 305 235 Other consumer goods 205 240 316 840 1,272 1,149 1,242 1,298 1,246 1,280 Other and unspecified 715 1,329 2,755 5,789 14,672 14,924 16,867 17,511 16,761 15,500 Official Soviet statistics using US dollar exchange rates for the Soviet foreign exchange ruble as announced by the State Bank of the USSR. Exports are f.o.b. b Including small amounts of charcoal and other solid fuels. Excluding wheat flour. 100 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 68 Soviet Imports a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total imports 5,623 8,050 11,720 37,076 68,473 73,194 77,846 80,451 80,410 82,929 Machinery and equipment 1,673 2,690 4,166 12,574 23,198 22,107 26,766 30,709 29,451 30,820 Transportation equipment 659 990 1,232 3,326 4,674 4,601 5,301 6,731 6,509 7,550 Fuels, lubricants, and related materials 237 198 226 1,447 1,126 1,483 2,239 3,042 3,420 3,048 Natural gas, coal, and coke 93 123 144 752 208 269 287 300 316 314 Petroleum and petroleum products 144 75 82 695 918 1,214 1,952 2,742 3,104 2,734 Ores and concentrates 314 315 304 631 881 949 858 931 1,030 1,058 Base metals and manufactures 545 389 691 3,595 4,653 4,594 5,358 4,948 4,656 4,881 Ferrous metals 373 314 593 3,346 4,635 4,574 5,343 4,937 4,644 4,870 Rolled ferrous metals 338 287 568 3,197 4,335 4,259 5,060 4,694 4,398 4,581 Nonferrous metals 172 75 98 249 18 20 15 11 12 11 Tin 35 21 30 65 NA NA NA NA NA NA Chemicals 149 373 493 1,447 3,275 3,211 3,028 3,216 3,256 3,705 Rubber and rubber products 196 199 194 331 351 b 298 209 285 254 191 Wood and wood products 105 150 248 796 1,369 1,305 1,219 1,076 1,000 1,045 Textile raw materials and semimanufactures 364 358 561 889 1,493 1,271 1,283 1,671 1,312 1,399 Cotton fiber 180 162 249 271 96 46 47 323 317 304 Wool fiber 118 100 120 265 502 534 549 565 355 465 Consumer goods 1,573 2,656 3,975 13,110 24,136 28,609 27,450 24,976 26,900 26,524 Food 613 1,512 1,838 8,347 15,882 19,262 17,664 15,818 17,634 16,392 Grain c 17 397 135 2,673 5,114 7,257 6,120 5,147 6,816 5,950 Other consumer goods 960 1,144 2,137 4,763 , 8,254 9,347 9,786 9,158 9,266 10,132 Other and unspecified 467 722 862 2,256 7,991 9,367 9,436 9,597 9,131 10,258 a Official Soviet statistics using US dollar exchange rates for the Soviet foreign exchange ruble as announced by the State Bank of the USSR. Imports are f.o.b. b Only natural rubber reported. c Excluding wheat flour. 101 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 69 East European Foreign Trade a Million US $ Total Trade Communist Countries Non-Communist Countries Total USSR Eastern Europe Other b Total Developed Countries Less Developed Countries 1960 Exports 7,624 5,523 2,817 2,102 604 2,101 1,603 498 Imports 7,754 5,541 2,954 2,084 503 2,213 1,772 441 1965 Exports 11,789 8,423 4,692 3,172 559 3,366 2,581 785 Imports 11,611 8,114 4,436 3,111 567 3,497 2,765 732 1970 Exports 18,159 12,546 6,612 4,955 979 5,613 4,426 1,187 Imports 18,522 12,503 6,803 4,908 792 6,019 5,052 967 1975 Exports 45,269 30,126 15,639 12,157 2,330 15,143 11,379 3,764 Imports 51,314 30,607 16,345 12,238 2,024 20,707 17,687 3,020 1980 Exports 85,002 53,997 29,334 20,612 4,051 31,005 22,269 8,736 Imports 91,222 56,133 32,178 20,134 3,821 35,089 26,054 9,035 1981 Exports 83,426 52,995 29,422 19,096 4,477 30,431 20,076 10,355 Imports 86,565 56,593 33,540 18,582 4,471 29,972 22,961 7,011 1982 Exports 89,133 58,707 33,366 20,295 5,046 30,426 20,243 10,183 Imports 85,461 60,205 35,793 19,275 5,137 25,256 18,814 6,442 1983 Exports 94,774 63,966 36,842 21,944 5,180 30,808 21,531 9,277 Imports 90,151 64,845 38,704 21,292 4,849 25,306 18,223 7,083 1984 Exports 97,688 66,055 37,494 22,115 6,446 31,633 22,584 9,049 Imports 91,440 66,088 39,307 22,087 4,694 25,352 18,324 7,028 1985 Exports 97,794 68,272 39,151 22,966 6,155 29,522 21,329 8,193 Imports 93,921 67,789 40,365 22,828 4,596 26,132 19,449 6,683 1986 c Exports 113,816 83,407 47,816 28,646 6,944 30,410 22,693 7,717 Imports 112,401 84,422 50,816 27,855 5,751 27,979 23,109 4,870 . Official East European statistics. Trade with the Commu- nist countries was derived by converting the value of the trade expressed in the currency of each East European country to rubles and then to dollars at the prevailing foreign exchange rate. Exports are on an f.o.b. basis. Imports are f.o.b. except for Hungary, which is on a c.i.f. c Preliminary. basis. b Including data for Albania, China, Cuba, Mongolia, North Korea, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia. 102 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 70 East European Exports, by Country a Million US $ 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986b Bulgaria 571 2,004 4,807 10,489 11,505 12,222 12,535 12,780 14,489 USSR 307 1,078 2,643 5,268 5,950 6,852 6,816 7,138 8,907 Eastern Europe 151 431 968 1,741 1,858 2,091 2,032 2,181 2,674 Developed countries 73 289 474 1,636 1,302 1,272 1,215 1,133 834 Less developed countries 18 125 463 1,385 1,970 1,599 2,065 1,930 1,578 Czechoslovakia 1,929 3,792 8,158 15,255 16,180 17,123 17,408 17,810 21,898 USSR 659 1,222 2,664 5,535 6,671 7,305 7,599 7,802 9,401 Eastern Europe 561 1,213 2,621 4,294 4,264 4,423 4,449 4,757 6,104 Developed countries 335 783 1,673 3,242 2,786 2,680 2,775 2,778 3,182 Less developed countries 200 331 706 1,287 1,312 1,462 1,347 1,281 1,365 East Germany c 2,207 4,647 10,680 18,862 22,203 24,291 24,552 23,889 27,862 USSR 924 1,742 3,700 6,616 7,712 8,637 9,112 8,892 10,129 Eastern Europe 588 1,386 3,368 5,389 5,276 5,713 5,592 5,698 6,928 Developed countries 446 1,078 2,631 4,546 6,432 7,250 7,247 7,053 7,939 Less developed countries 89 183 431 1,205 1,611 1,471 1,155 1,124 1,275 Hungary 874 2,317 5,694 11,644 12,424 13,199 13,278 13,438 15,366 USSR 256 790 2,174 3,980 4,910 5,253 5,020 5,742 6,715 Eastern Europe 278 648 1,518 3,288 3,170 3,385 3,563 3,403 4,282 Developed countries 192 630 1,424 3,031 2,654 2,899 2,989 2,609 2,913 Less developed countries 58 137 334 845 1,147 1,106 985 899 746 Poland 1,326 3,548 10,510 17,543 15,262 16,427 17,269 17,710 21,701 USSR 390 1,251 3,362 5,609 5,804 6,550 6,792 6,860 9,013 Eastern Europe 335 882 2,671 3,801 3,667 4,043 4,295 4,766 6,020 Developed countries 403 1,024 3,278 5,857 3,661 3,755 4,059 3,983 3,950 Less developed countries 93 258 845 1,649 1,545 1,481 1,448 1,207 1,628 Romania 717 1,851 5,420 11,209 11,559 11,512 12,646 12,167 12,500 USSR 281 529 1,096 2,326 2,319 2,245 2,155 2,717 3,651 Eastern Europe 189 395 1,011 2,099 2,060 2,289 2,184 2,161 2,638 Developed countries 154 622 1,899 3,957 3,408 3,675 4,298 3,773 3,875 Less developed countries 40 153 985 2,365 2,598 2,158 2,049 1,752 1,125 a Domestic currency converted into US dollars at the ex- change rate prevailing at time of transactions. Exports are on an f.o.b. basis. Trade with the Communist countries was derived by converting the value of the trade expressed in the currency of each East European country to rubles and then to dollars at the prevailing foreign exchange rate. b Preliminary. c East German figures were converted first into current-year rubles and then into current-year US dollars. 103 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 71 East European Imports, by Country a Million US $ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 b Bulgaria 625 1,178 1,831 5,528 9,776 11,611 12,374 12,349 13,087 15,296 USSR 332 589 955 2,826 5,622 6,499 7,196 7,145 7,250 8,831 Eastern Europe 174 236 372 1,007 1,394 1,576 1,756 2,107 2,265 2,748 Developed countries 89 266 355 1,289 1,658 1,922 1,719 1,826 2,076 2,320 Less developed countries 13 37 81 209 342 708 768 842 1,064 932 Czechoslovakia 1,816 2,673 3,695 8,874 15,523 16,005 17,039 17,350 17,894 21,966 USSR 630 955 1,209 2,818 5,659 7,045 8,004 8,154 8,256 10,084 Eastern Europe 524 851 1,123 2,839 4,506 3,927 4,612 4,888 5,133 6,481 Developed countries 360 514 917 2,244 3,693 2,932 2,708 2,590 2,711 3,448 Less developed countries 161 197 214 501 829 682 664 738 711 804 East Germany c 2,194 2,823 4,923 11,947 20,790 20,624 21,975 21,926 22,155 27,618 USSR 958 1,205 1,945 4,172 7,451 8,571 8,902 8,878 8,995 11,376 Eastern Europe 496 693 1,246 3,147 5,004 4,696 4,972 5,068 5,262 6,320 Developed countries 484 656 1,378 3,704 6,336 5,625 6,347 6,357 6,542 8,344 Less developed countries 90 120 182 483 1,218 876 1,021 964 894 450 Hungary 976 1,520 2,505 6,795 12,613 12,866 13,367 12,939 12,934 15,760 USSR 303 553 832 2,284 4,617 5,031 5,326 5,357 5,691 6,890 Eastern Europe 317 415 726 1,813 3,200 3,300 3,655 3,500 3,466 4,429 Developed countries 237 383 678 1,966 3,707 3,235 2,945 2,839 3,155 3,631 Less developed countries 58 113 177 498 845 909 1,111 972 577 615 Poland 1,495 2,340 3,608 12,752 19,702 14,610 15,753 16,542 17,419 21,161 USSR 465 728 1,361 3,294 6,698 6,659 7,066 7,554 7,847 9,800 Eastern Europe 400 706 1,000 2,354 3,963 3,626 4,266 4,373 4,505 5,212 Developed countries 447 583 938 6,199 6,699 3,167 3,056 3,136 3,495 3,693 Less developed countries 99 210 196 597 1,789 596 746 805 762 699 Romania 648 1,077 1,960 5,418 12,818 9,745 9,643 10,334 10,432 10,600 USSR 266 406 501 951 2,131 1,988 2,210 2,219 2,326 3,835 Eastern Europe 173 210 441 1,078 2,067 2,150 2,031 2,151 2,197 2,665 Developed countries 155 363 786 2,285 3,961 1,933 1,448 1,516 1,470 1,673 Less developed countries 20 55 117 732 4,012 2,671 2,773 2,707 2,675 1,370 a Imports are f.o.b. except for Hungary, which is on a c.i.f. basis. Trade with the Communist countries was derived by converting the value of the trade expressed in the currency of each East European country to rubles and then to dollars at the prevailing foreign exchange rate. Country totals include trade with central- ly planned economy countries other than the USSR and Eastern Europe. b Preliminary. . East German figures were converted first into current-year rubles and then into current-year US dollars. 104 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 72 East European Exports, by Commodity Group a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 b Bulgaria 2,004 4,807 10,489 11,505 12,222 12,535 12,780 14,489 Machinery and equipment 581 1,956 4,657 5,392 5,915 5,979 6,837 7,752 Fuels, minerals, and metals 162 375 1,573 1,461 1,393 1,354 1,278 1,449 Agricultural and forestry products 870 1,620 2,559 2,635 2,664 2,795 2,352 2,666 Manufactured consumer goods 295 495 923 1,081 1,210 1,266 1,240 1,405 Other 96 361 777 932 1,040 1,141 1,074 1,217 Czechoslovakia 3,792 8,158 15,255 16,180 17,123 17,408 17,810 21,898 Machinery and equipment 1,911 3,916 7,673 8,608 9,383 9,801 10,152 12,482 Fuels, minerals, and metals 705 1,574 2,624 2,346 2,431 2,385 2,369 2,912 Agricultural and forestry products 277 587 1,312 1,181 1,147 1,149 1,122 1,380 Manufactured consumer goods 629 1,485 2,426 2,718 2,774 2,698 2,743 3,372 Other 270 596 1,220 1,327 1,388 1,375 1,425 1,752 East Germany 4,647 10,680 18,862 22,203 24,291 24,552 23,889 27,862 Machinery and equipment 2,402 5,415 9,676 10,768 11,611 11,515 11,132 12,984 Fuels, minerals, and metals 469 1,292 2,791 4,107 4,299 4,297 4,778 5,572 Agricultural and forestry products 344 972 1,207 1,532 1,919 2,038 1,839 2,145 Manufactured consumer goods 939 1,666 2,791 3,153 3,425 3,707 3,368 3,929 Other 493 1,335 2,397 2,643 3,037 2,995 2,771 3,232 Hungary 2,317 5,694 11,644 12,424 13,199 13,278 13,438 15,366 Machinery and equipment 755 2,107 4,495 4,013 4,078 4,076 4,663 5,332 Fuels, minerals, and metals 334 678 1,490 1,652 2,085 2,138 1,586 1,813 Agricultural and forestry products 619 1,435 3,190 3,429 3,524 3,439 3,333 3,381 Manufactured consumer goods 494 1,162 2,073 2,050 2,072 2,111 2,258 2,581 Other 115 312 1,396 1,280 1,440 1,514 1,599 1,829 Poland 3,548 10,510 17,543 15,262 16,427 17,269 17,710 21,701 Machinery and equipment 1,366 4,109 7,807 7,646 7,852 8,220 8,731 10,699 Fuels, minerals, and metals 848 3,058 4,473 3,754 4,501 4,507 4,126 5,056 Agricultural and forestry products 600 1,209 1,754 1,145 1,396 1,606 1,700 2,083 Manufactured consumer goods 571 1,534 2,684 2,167 1,938 2,090 2,302 2,821 Other 163 600 825 550 740 866 850 1,042 Romania 1,851 5,420 11,209 11,559 11,512 12,646 12,167 12,500 Machinery and equipment 422 1,371 2,791 3,814 3,649 4,249 4,222 4,338 Fuels, minerals, and metals 420 1,209 3,720 2,786 3,154 3,326 3,030 3,113 Agricultural and forestry products 496 1,225 1,962 1,618 1,427 1,467 1,448 1,488 Manufactured consumer goods 335 873 1,816 1,942 1,934 2,011 2,056 2,113 Other 178 742 920 1,399 1,348 1,593 1,411 1,450 a The values of East European exports by commodity group were calculated by applying East European data on percent- age breakdowns to total exports expressed in US dollars (see table 70, footnote a). Values for 1986 were estimated using percentage shares for 1985. 105 b preliminary. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 73 East European Imports, by Commodity Group a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 b Bulgaria 1,831 5,528 9,776 11,611 12,374 12,349 13,087 15,296 Machinery and equipment 743 2,289 3,461 3,936 4,232 4,211 4,345 5,078 Fuels, minerals, and metals 533 1,852 4,194 5,364 5,729 5,792 6,138 7,174 Agricultural and forestry products 291 702 948 952 1,064 1,037 1,243 1,453 Manufactured consumer goods 104 282 430 557 532 506 497 581 Other 160 403 743 802 817 803 864 1,010 Czechoslovakia 3,695 8,874 15,523 16,005 17,039 17,350 17,894 21,966 Machinery and equipment 1,234 3,204 5,681 5,298 5,657 6,003 6,156 7,556 Fuels, minerals, and metals 868 2,467 4,921 6,258 7,003 7,096 7,229 8,874 Agricultural and forestry products 890 1,544 2,499 2,273 2,062 2,065 2,165 2,658 Manufactured consumer goods 314 683 916 880 954 919 1,020 1,252 Other 389 976 1,506 1,296 1,363 1,267 1,324 1,625 East Germany 4,923 11,947 20,790 20,624 21,975 21,926 22,155 27,618 Machinery and equipment 1,684 3,680 6,403 6,545 6,570 5,701 5,938 7,402 Fuels, minerals, and metals 1,359 3,644 7,630 8,085 8,702 9,121 9,416 11,738 Agricultural and forestry products 1,383 2,700 3,929 3,303 3,911 3,881 3,567 4,446 Manufactured consumer goods 222 669 1,039 832 967 1,250 1,374 1,712 Other 275 1,254 1,789 1,859 1,825 1,973 1,861 2,320 Hungary 2,505 6,795 12,613 12,866 13,367 12,939 12,934 15,760 Machinery and equipment 774 2,188 3,872 3,924 3,810 3,506 3,699 4,507 Fuels, minerals, and metals 591 1,855 3,406 3,847 4,197 3,998 3,854 4,696 Agricultural and forestry products 611 1,291 2,346 1,917 2,112 2,070 1,966 2,396 . Manufactured consumer goods 193 482 971 1,132 1,136 1,216 1,319 1,608 Other 336 979 2,018 2,046 2,112 2,149 2,095 2,553 Poland 3,608 12,752 19,702 14,610 15,753 16,542 17,419 21,161 Machinery and equipment 1,306 4,769 6,443 3,872 4,285 4,946 5,731 6,962 Fuels, minerals, and metals 960 3,826 6,127 5,552 6,459 6,435 6,532 7,935 Agricultural and forestry products 772 2,270 4,118 2,732 2,205 2,349 2,282 2,772 Manufactured consumer goods 231 676 1,261 1,154 1,528 1,538 1,603 1,947 Other 339 1,211 1,753 1,300 1,276 1,274 1,272 1,545 Romania 1,960 5,418 12,818 9,745 9,643 10,334 10,432 10,600 Machinery and equipment 790 1,880 3,153 2,592 2,391 2,552 2,785 2,830 Fuels, minerals, and metals 596 2,070 6,447 4,824 5,149 5,436 5,320 5,406 Agricultural and forestry products 306 845 1,884 1,179 1,013 1,116 1,148 1,166 Manufactured consumer goods 108 206 310 409 366 434 438 445 Other 160 417 1,124 741 724 796 741 753 a The values of East European imports by commodity group were calculated by applying East European data on percent- age breakdowns to total imports expressed in US dollars (see table 71, footnote a). Values for 1986 were estimated using percentage shares for 1985. 106 b preliminary. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 74 Chinese Foreign Trade a Million US $ Total Trade Communist Countries Non-Communist Countries Total Eastern Europe USSR Other b Total Developed Countries Less Developed Countries c 1965 Exports Imports 2,035 1,680 650 515 95 110 225 190 330 215 1,385 1,165 575 805 810 360 1970 Exports Imports 2,155 2,045 480 390 255 225 20 25 205 140 1,675 1,655 660 1,370 1,015 285 1975 Exports Imports 7,130 6,830 1,375 1,005 630 595 150 130 595 280 5,755 5,825 2,610 4,985 3,145 840 1980 Exports Imports 18,925 19,305 1,885 1,945 1,130 1,110 230 295 525 540 17,040 17,360 8,270 13,515 8,770 3,845 1981 Exports Imports 21,495 17,940 1,240 1,270 745 700 130 115 365 455 20,255 16,670 10,045 12,740 10,210 3,930 1982 Exports Imports 23,435 16,690 1,210 1,670 660 925 145 165 405 580 22,230 15,020 10,225 10,805 12,005 4,215 1983 Exports Imports 23,710 18,485 1,365 1,620 670 810 310 340 385 470 22,345 16,870 9,940 11,825 12,215 5,045 1984 Exports Imports 27,645 25,490 1,615 2,080 590 1,050 625 575 400 455 26,030 23,410 11,880 15,450 14,150 7,960 1985 Exports Imports 31,325 39,480 2,175 2,695 805 1,410 995 940 375 345 29,150 36,785 13,550 24,655 15,600 12,130 a Data are f.o.b. and rounded to the nearest US $5 million. b Including data for Albania, Cuba, Mongolia, North Korea, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia. c Including data for Hong Kong and Macao. 107 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 75 Chinese Exports a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 2,155 7,130 18,925 21,495 23,435 23,710 27,645 31,325 Food and live animals 660 2,045 3,210 3,450 3,595 3,235 3,545 3,925 Live animals 70 215 340 380 395 330 350 330 Meat and meat preparations 105 240 385 375 500 430 530 510 Fish and fish preparations 70 190 400 425 385 330 355 405 Cereals and cereal preparations 150 615 485 510 495 290 355 780 Vegetables and fruit 170 435 935 1,050 1,040 1,005 980 985 Beverages and tobacco 20 80 120 120 140 155 135 135 Crude materials, excluding fuel 380 840 1,820 2,050 1,790 2,090 2,570 2,930 Oilseeds, oil nuts, and oil kernels 70 160 185 525 245 345 475 500 Textile fibers and wastes 105 245 545 500 550 730 975 1,165 Crude animal and vegetable materials 115 225 540 455 465 470 510 495 Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials 60 1,025 4,415 4,765 5,255 4,790 5,735 7,215 Petroleum and petroleum products 5 865 4,165 4,495 4,930 4,475 5,430 6,630 Animal and vegetable oils and fats 25 55 85 105 70 105 140 1,300 Chemicals 115 350 1,180 1,300 1,280 1,320 1,405 1,600 Chemical elements and compounds 25 100 480 550 565 545 595 685 Manufactured goods 590 1,650 4,410 5,140 5,005 4,935 5,880 6,205 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles 390 1,035 2,765 3,080 2,920 3,155 4,075 4,380 Nonmetallic mineral manufactures 60 170 415 480 480 420 420 400 Manufactures of metal 40 110 390 520 565 630 650 570 Machinery and transport equipment 75 260 610 805 790 925 1,145 1,185 Miscellaneous manufactured goods 225 800 3,010 3,665 4,150 4,525 5,735 6,675 Clothing 100 355 1,665 2,095 2,435 2,740 3,375 3,765 Other 5 25 65 95 1,365 1,630 1,355 1,325 a Data are f.o.b. and rounded to the nearest $5 million. 108 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 76 Chinese Imports a Million US $ 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 2,045 6,830 19,305 17,940 16,690 18,485 25,490 39,480 Food and live animals 330 815 2,860 3,080 3,495 2,580 2,030 1,635 Cereal and cereal preparations 255 540 2,225 2,340 2,475 2,010 1,520 1,050 Sugar, sugar preparations, and honey 65 155 300 470 650 370 295 215 Crude materials, excluding fuels 235 730 3,325 3,175 2,520 2,375 2,735 3,330 Rubber, crude (including synthetic and reclaimed) 95 165 430 215 245 260 285 315 Textile fibers and their waste 95 395 2,065 2,280 1,470 1,100 1,225 1,575 Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials 40 130 175 175 175 175 215 500 Petroleum and petroleum products 10 40 30 55 30 45 55 310 Animal and vegetable fats and oils 5 40 180 105 95 60 75 100 Chemicals 310 815 2,185 2,025 2,110 2,195 3,315 3,655 Chemical elements and compounds 175 250 545 470 525 565 670 825 Fertilizers, manufactured 65 390 980 755 580 585 985 885 Manufactured goods 690 2,190 4,575 4,000 4,195 5,785 7,610 10,845 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and products 40 90 845 1,575 1,160 1,120 1,530 2,100 Iron and steel 390 1,475 2,235 1,320 1,870 3,300 4,200 5,865 Nonferrous metals 200 395 420 165 430 745 905 1,315 Machinery and transport equipment 405 2,010 5,350 4,595 3,280 4,185 7,620 16,375 Machinery, other than electric 190 985 2,790 2,545 1,405 1,790 3,000 6,825 Electric machinery 30 190 1,070 1,345 820 1,190 2,425 4,715 Transport equipment 190 835 1,490 705 1,055 1,205 2,200 4,835 Miscellaneous manufactured goods 25 75 485 595 670 895 1,510 2,445 Other NEGL 25 170 190 145 240b 380b 600b a Data are f.o.b. and rounded to the nearest $5 million. b Including beverages and tobacco. 109 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 77 Cuban Foreign Trade a Million US $ Total Trade Communist Countries Non-Communist Countries Total USSR Eastern Europe Other b 1965 Exports Imports 691 866 529 649 323 428 103 98 103 123 162 217 1970 Exports Imports 1,050 1,311 778 905 529 691 150 125 99 89 272 406 1975 Exports Imports 3,572 3,767 2,401 1,935 2,011 1,513 279 304 111 118 1,171 1,832 1979 Exports Imports 4,829 5,089 3,967 4,205 3,271 3,468 511 580 185 157 862 884 1980 Exports Imports 5,593 6,409 3,922 4,983 3,177 3,989 569 826 176 168 1,671 1,426 1981 Exports Imports 5,406 6,546 4,063 5,260 3,018 4,139 730 918 315 203 1,343 1,286 1982 Exports Imports 5,928 6,645 5,008 5,886 3,956 4,507 666 1,082 386 297 920 759 1983 Exports Imports 6,416 7,235 5,521 6,261 4,494 4,931 746 1,120 281 209 895 974 1984 Exports Imports 6,174 8,213 5,530 6,906 4,451 5,448 826 1,136 253 322 644 1,307 1985 Exports Imports 6,503 8,677 5,786 7,302 4,868 5,840 722 1,133 196 329 717 1,375 1986 Exports Imports 6,290 9,650 5,700 8,400 4,850 7,000 670 1,080 180 320 590 1,250 a Exports are on an f.o.b. basis; imports are on a c.i.f. basis. Cuban trade with non-Communist countries is based on hard currency world prices while its Communist country trade uses soft currency negotiated prices which are fre- quently subsidized in Cuba's favor and do not reflect real market values. The result is a more favorable global trade balance than if Cuba conducted all of its trade at world market prices. 110 b Including data for China, Mongolia, North Korea, Viet- nam, Yugoslavia, and Albania. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 78 Cuban Exports a Million US $ 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total 691 1,050 3,572 5,593 5,928 6,416 6,174 6,503 6,290 Sugar 591 806 3,209 4,677 4,560 4,730 4,663 4,851 4,750 Raw and refined 579 785 3,183 4,624 4,526 4,717 4,625 4,818 NA Molasses 12 21 26 53 34 13 38 33 NA Minerals 50 175 169 270 347 360 340 360 400 Nickel 40 173 164 260 339 352 329 321 NA Other 10 2 5 10 8 8 11 39 NA Tobacco 33 33 63 51 124 119 64 100 100 Raw 19 15 22 8 54 37 21 43 NA Manufactured 14 18 41 43 70 82 43 57 NA Foodstuffs b 5 29 131 255 312 372 280 384 400 Fish and shellfish 3 19 63 124 117 122 104 128 150 Citrus 1 3 14 58 118 137 134 156 150 Other c 12 7 NEGL 340 585 835 827 808 640 a Exports are f.o.b. b Excluding sugar and sugar products. c Includes reexports of petroleum imports. Table 79 Cuban Imports a Million US $ 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total 866 1,311 3,767 6,409 6,645 7,235 8,213 8,677 9,650 Food and live animals, beverage, tobacco, oil, fats 205 263 718 1,093 1,001 914 935 949 NA Crude materials, except fuels 25 61 145 278 258 229 307 336 NA Mineral fuels, lubricants 85 114 377 1,311 1,807 2,160 2,522 2,881 NA Chemicals 46 77 212 426 361 483 502 479 NA Manufactures 153 130 464 884 913 867 1,100 1,090 NA Basic manufactured machinery and transport equipment 133 368 911 2,253 2,097 2,213 2,501 2,621 NA Miscellaneous manufactured articles NEGL NEGL 1 164 208 262 248 223 NA Other b 219 298 939 107 98 98 NA a Imports are c.i.f. b Some of the imports reported in the other category through 1978 probably could be included in "manufactures" or "basic manufactured machinery and transport equipment". Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues), various National Bank of Cuba publications. 111 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 80 Communist Economic Aid to Less Developed Countries, Extensions and Drawings a Million US $ Total USSR Eastern Europe China Extended Drawn Extended Drawn Extended Drawn Extended Drawn Total 62,055 30,955 37,685 17,670 17,015 8,005 7,355 5,280 1954-76 25,290 11,640 13,390 6,835 7,360 2,590 4,540 2,215 1977 1,205 1,340 435 555 550 505 220 280 1978 4,870 1,250 3,000 520 1,620 430 250 305 1979 4,625 1,175 3,800 620 645 310 175 245 1980 4,470 1,560 2,620 955 1,330 330 520 275 1981 1,825 1,750 845 925 895 510 85 310 1982 2,085 2,410 1,420 1,350 625 690 35 375 1983 3,925 2,740 3,185 1,645 410 720 330 375 1984 5,930 2,535 3,120 1,510 2,070 725 735 300 1985 3,870 2,320 2,905 1,450 720 575 245 300 1986 3,955 2,225 2,960 1,305 780 625 215 300 a Data rounded to the nearest $5 million. Table 81 Communist Arms Transfers to Less Developed Countries, Agreements and Deliveries a Million US $ Total Deliveries USSR Deliveries Eastern Europe China Agreements Deliveries Agreements Deliveries Total 191,695 165,275 18,810 16,020 13,560 10,400 1954-76 34,330 29,400 3,000 2,075 2,995 2,855 1977 7,465 7,000 650 355 110 110 1978 9,215 8,500 560 550 235 165 1979 15,285 14,500 750 645 215 140 1980 14,875 13,900 905 690 445 285 1981 16,000 14,200 2,665 1,390 3,015 410 1982 19,280 15,950 1,960 2,135 1,840 1,195 1983 19,680 16,585 1,655 1,535 830 1,560 1984 20,295 16,005 1,700 2,255 335 2,035 1985 16,865 13,670 2,940 2,615 830 580 1986 18,405 15,565 2,025 1,775 2,710 1,065 a Data rounded to the nearest $5 million. Data for the Less Developed Countries includes Cuba. 112 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 82 Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Less Developed Countries, by Recipient Million US $ 1954-86 1985 1986 1954-86 1985 1986 Total 37,683 2,903 2,962 Zambia 30 Africa 9,548 583 108 Other 306 12 6 Algeria 1,937 340 East Asia 261 Angola 946 25 7 Indonesia 214 Burkina 6 NEGL NEGL Other 47 Cameroon 8 Latin America 3,461 296 613 Central African Republic 3 Argentina 390 Congo 74 Bolivia 204 NEGL 1 Equatorial Guinea 4 NEGL Brazil 708 300 Ethiopia 1,298 NEGL Nicaragua 1,268 296 312 Ghana 110 NEGL Other 891 1 Guinea 406 7 Middle East and South Asia 24,412 2,024 2,241 Madagascar 270 93 69 Afghanistan 3,451 325 100 Mauritania 34 16 Bangladesh 515 82 NA Morocco 2,098 Egypt 1,439 Mozambique 337 90 26 India 6,548 1,200 2,126 Nigeria 1,207 NA Iran 1,164 Senegal 8 NEGL Iraq 2,726 Sierra Leone 35 NEGL North Yemen 197 Somalia 164 Pakistan 1,210 Sudan 65 Sri Lanka 100 Tanzania 44 NA Syria 1,916 Tunisia 123 Turkey 3,399 Uganda 35 NEGL Other 1,747 418 15 113 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 83 East European Economic Aid Extended to the Less Developed Countries, by Recipient Million US $ 1954-86 1985 1986 1954-86 1985 1986 Total 17,016 722 779 Brazil 781 Africa 4,806 448 554 Ecuador 27 8 Algeria 974 200 Nicaragua 588 94 14 Ethiopia 561 73 50 Peru 265 12 Ghana 149 NA Uruguay 31 Guinea 130 Venezuela 10 Morocco 234 20 Other 776 11 Nigeria 741 170 67 Middle East and South Asia 8,536 160 193 Somalia 41 NEGL Afghanistan 214 NEGL 4 Sudan 386 117 Bangladesh 688 2 Tanzania 87 Egypt 1,828 100 Tunisia 284 India 432 Zambia 166 Iran 686 Other 1,052 205 100 Iraq 493 East Asia 688 6 Lebanon 9 Burma 213 North Yemen 38 NA Indonesia 367 Pakistan 729 58 Philippines 80 6 South Yemen 169 Other 28 6 Sri Lanka 93 Latin America 2,986 114 25 Syria 1,759 15 Argentina 298 Turkey 1,388 160 15 Bolivia 99 NEGL Other 10 Colombia 111 114 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 . Table 84 Chinese Economic Aid Extended to the Less Developed Countries, by Recipient Million US $ 1956-86 1985 1986 1956-86 1985 1986 Total 7,355 243 215 Uganda 42 Africa 4,287 166 193 Zaire 188 50 Algeria 92 Zambia 351 6 Benin 56 NEGL Other 512 23 31 Burkina 61 1 NEGL East Asia 464 12 Burundi 125 10 54 Burma 241 1 Cameroon 106 2 NA Indonesia 47 Central African Republic 29 Philippines 31 Chad 68 NEGL Other 145 11 Congo 199 Latin America 289 52 9 Ethiopia 143 3 1 Guyana 38 Ghana 58 NEGL Nicaragua 22 20 3 Guinea 144 11 Peru 42 Kenya 77 13 Other 187 32 6 Madagascar 144 50 5 Middle East and South Asia 2,269 14 12 Mali 143 1 9 Afghanistan 76 Mauritania 189 1 NEGL Bangladesh 124 4 Mauritius 47 12 Egypt 193 Mozambique 89 4 Iraq 45 Niger 58 1 Nepal 313 10 11 Rwanda 56 North Yemen 130 Senegal 53 NEGL Pakistan 960 1 Sierra Leone 94 1 15 South Yemen 96 Somalia 220 17 Sri Lanka 222 Sudan 208 32 Syria 70 Tanzania 592 1 5 Other 40 Togo 46 Europe 45 Tunisia 97 Malta 45 115 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 85 Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Communist Countries a Million US $ 1954-85 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 128,765 17,995 20,755 15,680 10,025 8,800 7,805 Eastern Europe 68,465 12,500 14,100 9,000 3,800 2,300 1,100 East Asia 10,780 1,195 1,265 1,130 1,080 1,095 1,275 North Korea 1,450 260 145 130 40 55 95 Vietnam 9,330 935 1,120 1,000 1,040 1,040 1,180 Other 49,520 4,300 5,390 5,550 5,145 5,405 5,430 Cuba 38,440 3,465 4,560 4,665 4,260 4,620 4,545 Mongolia 11,085 835 830 885 885 785 885 a Data are rounded to the nearest $5 million. Table 86 USSR: Economic Assistance to Cuba a Million US $ 1961-85 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 42,155 1,065 2,945 3,180 3,465 4,560 4,665 4,260 4,620 4,545 Development aid b 11,450 150 320 460 830 1,415 975 1,070 1,000 895 Trade subsidies 30,705 915 2,625 2,720 2,635 3,145 3,690 3,190 3,620 3,650 Sugar c 23,570 575 2,425 2,325 1,165 1,365 2,580 2,740 3,420 3,550 Petroleum a 6,690 310 165 380 1,480 1,655 1,005 345 100 0 Nickel 445 30 35 15 -10 120 105 105 100 100 a Based on official Cuban and Soviet trade data. Data rounded to the nearest $5 million. b Based on (a) estimated balance-of-payments aid necessary to cover Cuban trade deficits with the USSR; (b) Cuban purchases of capital goods from Moscow; and (c) public statements by Cuban and Soviet officials concerning the amount of development aid extended. This aid is repayable, but terms are highly concessional. Sugar and nickel subsidies are estimated as the difference between the price Moscow pays for these commodities and their world market value. The difference is considered a grant and not subject to repayment. d The petroleum subsidy reflects the difference between the value of petroleum purchased from the USSR and the value of these imports at world market prices. It is considered a grant and not subject to repayment. 116 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 87 Arms Transfers to Non-Communist Less Developed Countries, by Selected Western Supplier, 1974-84 Million US $ France Italy United Kingdom West Germany Total 18,525 5,090 8,350 5,790 Africa 3,200 1,500 900 1,500 Algeria 50 150 150 300 Libya 800 675 15 400 Morocco 1,050 50 0 5 Nigeria 275 220 375 310 Sudan 30 10 20 270 Tunisia 130 70 5 20 East Asia 375 320 350 300 China (Taiwan) 5 0 0 0 Indonesia 200 5 150 160 South Korea 15 5 10 30 Thailand 10 230 65 5 Latin America 1,750 1,400 550 1,750 Argentina 335 180 150 1,360 Brazil 80 120 240 0 Chile 600 0 25 140 Ecuador 430 270 45 0 Peru 250 140 0 240 Venezuela 5 600 10 0 Middle East 12,600 1,750 5,600 2,000 Egypt 1,300 375 580 210 Iran 50 450 60 50 Iraq 5,400 530 300 750 Israel Jordan 1,000 0 1,200 5 Kuwait 100 110 50 220 Oman 40 10 630 70 Qatar 650 0 310 0 Saudi Arabia 3,500 225 2,000 525 Syria 200 0 180 40 United Arab Emirates 340 30 250 110 South Asia 600 120 950 240 India 80 80 925 40 Pakistan 500 40 10 190 117 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 88 Gross Official Bilateral Capital Flows to the Less Developed Countries a Million US $ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 32,210 41,779 44,196 54,370 51,221 53,150 51,351 51,508 45,977 Development Assistance Committee b 24,803 32,399 35,369 43,221 40,946 44,849 43,135 44,428 40,127 United States 7,079 8,632 8,023 10,953 9,530 12,510 11,419 12,602 12,718 France 3,243 4,088 4,866 6,037 5,727 5,425 5,191 6,010 5,618 West Germany 2,729 3,654 5,090 6,183 5,011 4,750 4,833 4,771 5,082 United Kingdom 1,396 1,925 2,780 2,739 3,246 2,659 2,204 2,059 2,116 Japan 4,266 6,255 5,792 7,026 8,337 9,177 9,627 8,350 6,994 Other developed countries c 6,090 7,845 8,818 10,283 9,095 10,328 9,861 10,636 7,599 OPEC d 6,067 8,130 7,652 9,589 8,525 5,891 5,476 4,545 3,530 Communist countries 1,340 1,250 1,175 1,560 1,750 2,410 2,740 2,535 2,320 USSR 555 520 620 955 925 1,350 1,645 1,510 1,450 Eastern Europe 505 425 310 330 510 690 720 725 575 China 280 305 245 275 310 375 375 300 300 a Total gross official capital flows include official develop- ment assistance, which is concessional, and other official flows, which are less concessional or are primarily trade facilitating in character. b Members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. c Including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, and Switzerland. Disbursements by all donors to China and Yugoslavia are excluded. 118 d Official development assistance-data for other official flows are not available for OPEC. e Data rounded to the nearest $5 million. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 89 Net Financial Flows to the Less Developed Countries a Billion US $ Net Disbursements 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total 57.5 78.1 83.0 85.2 100.8 90.4 75.8 88.3 48.3 Official flows 26.2 34.5 34.9 44.8 43.6 43.8 40.8 42.1 37.6 Bilateral 20.4 27.5 28.7 35.8 36.1 34.5 31.7 32.9 30.2 Industrial countries 13.3 18.4 19.5 23.5 24.7 25.9 23.4 25.7 25.4 OPEC b 5.9 7.8 7.4 9.7 8.4 5.8 5.4 4.5 3.5 Communist countries c 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 1.3 Multilateral 5.8 7.0 6.2 9.0 7.5 9.3 9.1 9.2 7.4 Private flows 31.3 43.6 48.1 40.4 57.2 46.6 35.0 46.2 10.7 Net disbursements. Official flows consist of Official Devel- opment Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (00F). Private flows consist of direct investment, private export credits, and portfolio investment. b Gross flows of ODA, other official flows are not available. c Members of the Council for Mutual Economic Coopera- tion (CEMA). 119 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 90 US Economic Loans and Grants Extended to the Less Developed Countries a Million US $ 1946-86 b 1975c 1980c 1982c 1983c 1984c 1985 c 1986 c Total 165,169 4,548 7,570 8,040 8,564 9,007 12,311 10,036 Africa 15,000 335 800 954 971 1,165 1,591 1,202 Ethiopia 573 24 15 2 3 10 87 78 Ghana 506 8 28 17 7 20 25 24 Liberia 689 16 24 66 63 66 69 59 Morocco 1,489 24 27 63 54 84 106 85 Mozambique 172 19 1 10 18 39 32 Somalia 620 5 ... 56 70 82 83 69 Tanzania 351 40 25 20 8 6 9 3 Tunisia 1,053 13 29 17 19 18 30 39 Zaire 948 5 26 24 30 46 61 72 Other 8,599 200 607 688 707 815 1,082 741 East Asia 25,703 494 407 277 286 308 426 618 Burma 199 7 14 19 15 20 16 Indonesia 3,428 90 196 91 111 116 114 102 Philippines 3,053 68 83 107 103 106 240 399 South Korea 6,063 37 31 Thailand 952 7 30 36 29 42 42 38 Other 12,008 292 60 29 24 29 10 63 Latin America 19,510 520 498 840 1,161 1,217 1,892 1,490 Bolivia 1,048 26 30 20 63 78 51 75 Brazil 2,447 15 2 1 NEGL 1 1 Chile 1,198 96 10 7 3 2 1 1 Colombia 1,406 28 23 3 4 8 11 12 Costa Rica 1,099 4 16 52 214 170 220 163 Dominican Republic 1,216 12 56 82 63 98 171 102 Ecuador 501 8 12 23 27 29 52 60 El Salvador 1,778 4 58 182 246 216 434 323 Guatemala 751 14 13 16 30 20 107 117 120 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 90 (continued) US Economic Loans and Grants Extended , to the Less Developed Countries a Million US $ 1946-86b 1975c 1980c 1982c 1983c 1984c 1985. 1986c Mexico 385 NEGL 7 9 8 8 11 12 Panama 570 21 2 13 7 12 74 33 Peru 1,195 16 53 55 94 165 79 58 Other 5,916 276 216 377 402 411 680 533 Middle East and South Asia 58,702 1,786 2,802 2,958 2,987 3,093 4,470 4,331 Afghanistan 550 21 3 9 Bangladesh 2,205 304 157 172 172 193 205 185 Egypt 13,082 370 1,166 1,065 1,005 1,104 1,292 1,293 India 11,415 249 222 222 210 213 191 197 Israel 12,700 353 786 806 785 910 1,950 1,898 Jordan 1,683 99 73 15 20 20 100 95 Pakistan 6,552 181 59 200 279 307 339 356 Sri Lanka 926 38 60 71 80 76 67 66 Turkey 4,217 4 198 301 286 140 176 120 Other 5,372 167 81 106 150 130 147 112 Europe and Oceania 2,406 95 94 48 39 59 106 92 Spain 1,120 3 7 22 12 12 12 Other 1,286 92 87 26 27 47 94 92 Interregional 43,848 1,318 2,969 2,963 3,120 3,165 3,826 2,303 a Data are for fiscal years and are for official development b Data are reported on a net basis, excluding total c Data reported are on a gross basis. assistance, which is concessional. deobligations. 121 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 91 US Military Deliveries to the Less Developed Countries a Million US $ 1975-86 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total 85,582 7,324 7,546 7,563 5,973 6,965 8,579 10,715 7,778 7,156 6,161 North Africa and the Middle East 63,257 5,609 6,121 6,203 4,324 5,052 6,500 8,685 5,612 4,879 3,830 Egypt 4,460 12 57 193 209 207 1,066 1,037 348 669 661 Iran 10,182 2,555 2,065 2,519 7 0 0 0 0 2 0 Israel 9,719 1,091 948 515 853 1,308 1,122 459 495 717 423 Jordan 1,943 112 178 126 277 221 193 344 100 151 71 Kuwait 979 157 191 74 79 67 92 78 66 48 92 Lebanon 576 NEGL 10 11 17 14 39 191 221 53 13 Morocco 818 55 99 142 69 128 64 67 77 55 39 North Yemen 324 22 27 70 72 49 40 17 10 12 3 Oman 108 1 1 1 8 18 34 26 8 5 3 Saudi Arabia 32,597 1,594 2,535 2,500 2,640 3,005 3,782 6,092 3,681 2,992 2,407 Tunisia 466 6 2 45 11 24 16 26 140 161 30 Other 1,085 4 8 7 82 10 52 348 466 14 88 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,045 99 111 38 53 72 160 96 122 83 122 Cameroon 42 8 3 NEGL 3 1 3 4 12 NEGL 7 Kenya 163 1 47 8 4 28 25 21 6 8 14 Liberia 43 NEGL 0 2 1 1 1 10 7 10 10 Nigeria 110 4 10 9 11 11 13 7 10 3 2 Somalia 94 0 0 0 0 0 14 21 23 21 15 Sudan 313 0 32 8 22 23 94 14 44 22 54 Zaire 89 9 12 7 10 7 7 8 5 11 8 Other 191 77 7 4 2 1 3 11 15 8 12 122 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 91 (continued) US Military Deliveries to the Less Developed Countries a Million US $ 1975-86 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Latin America 2,751 211 125 122 139 101 239 233 331 493 394 Argentina 151 13 24 36 12 11 10 7 4 5 7 Brazil 319 14 12 16 15 15 14 29 21 15 32 Chile 148 57 11 15 10 0 0 0 0 1 1 Colombia 104 8 4 8 5 12 21 12 14 9 7 Ecuador 140 10 24 9 11 8 13 31 10 5 11 El Salvador 433 NEGL 1 NEGL 2 13 59 47 85 117 108 Mexico 157 6 3 2 4 5 76 31 4 10 13 Peru 164 31 18 16 15 10 11 9 4 4. 5 Venezuela 734 52 10 14 20 22 30 43 146 257 85 Other 401 20 18 6 45 5 5 24 43 70 125 Asia 16,406 1,200 1,068 1,082 1,329 1,504 1,390 1,525 1,540 1,464 1,585 India 115 10 11 11 9 5 6 6 19 11 14 Indonesia 501 37 22 30 117 77 29 41 26 44 22 Malaysia 439 44 66 22 24 58 29 51 40 25 29 Pakistan 1,801 44 53 63 57 89 151 261 518 379 156 Philippines 486 50 54 38 56 33 53 32 22 30 43 Singapore 696 22 14 91 29 75 44 105 49 45 187 South Korea 4,589 272 508 474 497 432 404 331 314 303 489 Taiwan 3,988 194 214 227 269 442 467 510 356 476 481 Thailand 1,725 54 113 98 248 271 171 183 190 144 132 Other 2,066 473 13 28 23 22 36 5 6 7 32 Europe 2,123 205 121 118 128 236 290 176 173 237 230 Portugal 430 4 25 11 20 24 88 33 70 111 40 Spain 1,693 201 96 107 108 212 202 143 103 126 190 a Fiscal years. Including deliveries under the following pro- grams: (1) Military Assistance Program grants under the various Mutual Security Acts; (2) Foreign Military Sales, which consist of US-financed arms, US-guaranteed private arms credits, and US-approved commercial sales; and (3) Military assistance excess stocks, which involved surplus equipment that has been valued at 33 percent of the original acquisition value. 123 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 92 Military Personnel From Non-Communist Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1955-86 a Number of persons Total USSR Eastern Europe China Total USSR Eastern Europe China Total 97,040 77,885 15,390 3,765 East Asia 9,300 7,590 1,710 Africa 37,345 26,665 7,775 2,905 Cambodia 30 30 North Africa 14,055 9,130 4,910 15 Indonesia 9,270 7,560 1,710 Algeria 3,780 2,995 770 15 Latin America 2,920 1,840 1,080 Libya 10,130 6,060 4,070 Nicaragua 2,005 925 1,080 Morocco 145 75 70 Peru 910 910 Sub-Saharan 23,290 17,535 2,865 2,890 Other 5 5 Angola 3,260 3,155 105 Middle East 29,190 24,865 3,955 370 Benin 120 120 NA Egypt 6,390 5,665 675 50 Congo 1,665 755 495 415 Iran 875 315 530 30 Equatorial Guinea 200 200 Iraq 5,810 4,510 1,130 170 Ethiopia 3,280 2,560 720 NA North Yemen 4,510 4,510 Ghana 395 220 175 South Yemen 1,785 1,595 90 100 Guinea 1,495 1,030 105 360 Syria 9,615 8,100 1,515 Mali 1,100 975 75 50 Other 205 170 15 20 Mozambique 580 400 130 50 South Asia 18,285 16,925 870 490 Nigeria 1,255 1,080 175 Afghanistan 12,425 11,725 700 Somalia 2,635 2,395 210 30 Bangladesh 485 445 40 Sudan 610 330 20 260 India 4,870 4,700 170 Tanzania 3,230 2,145 60 1,025 Pakistan 490 45 NA 445 Zambia 685 490 135 60 Sri Lanka 15 10 5 Other 2,780 1,680 460 640 a Data refer to the minimum number of persons departing for training. Data rounded to nearest 5. 124 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 93 Military Personnel From the Non-Communist Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1986 a Number of persons Total USSR Eastern Europe China Total USSR Eastern China Europe Total 10,465 6,935 3,530 Mozambique 1,000 NA 1,000 Africa 5,930 3,335 2,595 Nigeria 240 140 100 North Africa 1,910 970 940 East Asia Algeria 110 100 10 Latin America 1,200 400 800 Libya 1,800 870 930 Nicaragua 1,200 400 800 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,020 2,365 1,655 Middle East 6,001 500 100 Angola 1,500 1,400 100 Iraq 300 200 100 Congo 405 220 185 North Yemen 200 200 Ethiopia 680 480 200 South Yemen 100 100 Ghana 75 5 70 South Asia 2,735 2,700 35 Guinea 55 55 Afghanistan 2,025 2,000 25 Guinea-Bissau NA NA India 710 700 10 Mali 65 65 Data refer to the minimum number of persons departing for training. Data rounded to the nearest five persons. 125 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 94 Communist Economic and Military Technicians in Less Developed Countries, by Country, 1986 a Number of persons Economic Military USSR and Eastern Europe China USSR and Eastern Europe China Total 122,745 46,820 20,795 375 Africa 78,830 8,380 7,960 220 North Africa 64,150 1,975 3,325 Algeria 17,150 450 1,065 Libya 44,000 50 2,260 NA Mauritania 50 400 Morocco 2,325 75 Tunisia 625 1,000b Other Sub-Saharan 14,680 6,405 4,635 220 Angola 2,475 150 1,200 100 Congo 2,350 35 80 10 Ethiopia 1,700 Gabon 15 100 Ghana 70 60 Guinea 620 75 70 Guinea-Bissau 210 150 70 Kenya 95 125 Madagascar 170 625 55 Mali 505 250 60 5 Mozambique 1,400 150 950 Niger 25 125 Nigeria 4,880 100 50 Rwanda 10 600 NA Sao Tome/Principe 150 15 150 Senegal 50 100 Sierra Leone 10 35 Somalia 1,000 20 Sudan 105 400 20 5 Tanzania 110 550 90 126 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 94 (continued) Communist Economic and Military Technicians in Less Developed Countries, by Country, 1986 a Number of persons Economic Military USSR and Eastern Europe China USSR and Eastern Europe China Zambia 315 100 100 Other 1,115 1,660 40 80 East Asia 255 115 3,100 Europe 10 225 Latin America 1,465 200 400 Bolivia 40 Brazil 120 Colombia 60 60 Nicaragua 695 300 Peru 90 10 100 Uruguay 10 Other 450 130 Middle East 34,200 37,425 5,700 115 Iran 1,500 b 100 Iraq 15,625 17,000 1,100 50 North Yemen 650 6,000 350 South Yemen 3,250 1,100 Syria 5,500 15 3,000 Other 7,675 14,410 50 65 South Asia 7,985 475 3,635 40 Afghanistan 5,225 3,025 Bangladesh 95 100 10 40 India 1,600 600 Nepal 15 225 Pakistan 955 100 Sri Lanka 90 50 Other 5 Minimum estimates of number present for one month or more. Data rounded to the nearest five persons. b Most of these technicians departed by the end of the year. 127 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 95 Academic, Technical, and Military Trainees Departing From Less Developed Countries for Training in Communist Countries, by Area of Destination a Number of persons 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total trainees 19,030 20,700 22,990 26,900 29,475 35,990 34,430 USSR and Eastern Europe 18,965 20,610 22,760 26,495 29,065 35,465 34,155 China 65 90 230 405 410 525 275 Academic trainees 13,865 13,530 12,825 14,995 16,820 19,355 16,555 USSR and Eastern Europe 13,815 13,480 12,470 14,795 16,695 19,085 16,280 China 50 50 85 200 125 270 275 Technical trainees 2,975 3,745 5,110 5,715 5,565 6,850 7,410 USSR and Eastern Europe 2,975 3,745 5,035 5,665 5,540 6,850 7,410 China 75 50 25 Military trainees 2,190 3,425 5,055 6,190 7,090 9,785 10,465 USSR and Eastern Europe 2,175 3,385 4,985 6,035 6,830 9,530 10,465 China 15 40 70 155 260 255 Data rounded to the nearest five persons. Data are for persons departing for training and not necessarily those completing training. 128 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Energy Page Table 96. Table 97. Table 98. Table 99. Table 100. Table 101. Table 102. Table 103. Table 104. Table 105. Table 106. Table 107. Table 108. Table 109. Table 110. Table 111. Primary Energy Production Primary Energy Consumption Primary Energy Production, by Type Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Crude Oil Production Crude Oil Refining Capacity Oil Consumption Major Exporters of Oil Major Importers of Oil Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Products by the OECD Countries Natural Gas Production Hard Coal Production Brown Coal and Lignite Production Electricity Production Installed Electricity Generating Capacity Installed Nuclear Electricity Generating Capacity 130 131 132 133 134 135 135 136 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 129 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 96 Primary Energy Production a Thousand barrels per day of oil equivalent 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 21,143 30,819 31,071 30,154 32,162 32,567 32,187 30,847 33,035 32,740 32,111 Canada 1,750 3,709 4,942 4,678 5,258 4,840 4,821 5,028 5,467 5,840 5,762 Japan 1,017 1,028 774 874 1,076 1,178 1,237 1,266 1,297 1,488 1,534 Norway 158 298 405 589 1,297 1,424 1,467 1,646 1,761 1,813 1,889 European Community 7,230 7,560 8,150 8,680 10,700 10,900 11,500 12,000 11,800 12,900 13,200 France 1,082 1,026 860 899 983 1,129 1,347 1,520 1,726 1,830 1,955 Netherlands 216 648 1,349 1,702 1,754 1,713 1,363 1,342 1,379 1,489 1,383 United Kingdom 2,693 2,348 2,453 2,571 4,125 4,242 4,715 4,991 4,350 4,988 5,207 West Germany 2,503 2,495 2,400 2,357 2,484 2,523 2,595 2,510 2,590 2,781 2,656 Other countries Indonesia 428 873 1,364 1,359 1,920 1,933 1,693 1,820 2,079 1,892 1,942 Iran 1,126 3,920 6,267 5,802 3,564 1,819 2,446 2,717 2,459 2,533 2,208 Kuwait 1,766 3,138 3,171 2,225 2,773 1,830 925 1,192 1,245 1,166 1,641 Mexico 445 825 944 1,226 2,244 2,914 3,720 3,628 3,681 3,614 3,092 Saudi Arabia 1,405 3,929 7,763 7,312 10,046 10,469 7,100 5,538 5,091 3,865 5,587 Venezuela 2,940 3,945 3,717 2,690 2,784 2,538 2,310 2,215 2,253 2,063 2,048 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 13,100 22,400 25,100 27,700 32,600 33,200 34,700 35,600 36,800 37,800 39,000 USSR 9,250 17,074 19,541 21,906 26,298 27,029 28,487 29,193 30,220 31,085 32,330 Eastern Europe 3,870 5,280 5,550 5,840 6,300 6,180 6,230 6,370 6,540 6,680 6,700 Bulgaria 109 151 133 143 172 181 206 214 215 212 227 Czechoslovakia 761 906 898 907 967 963 950 971 977 991 987 East Germany 1,027 1,172 1,105 1,126 1,202 1,213 1,277 1,301 1,372 1,475 1,471 Hungary 207 277 276 270 286 278 288 292 309 322 311 Poland 1,278 1,895 2,133 2,294 2,586 2,446 2,363 2,417 2,467 2,487 2,514 Romania 487 879 1,009 1,096 1,084 1,102 1,149 1,179 1,204 1,195 1,187 Other China 4,103 4,196 5,418 6,602 8,742 8,628 9,042 9,650 10,541 11,582 11,698 North Korea 120 365 435 455 635 725 770 800 820 830 860 Yugoslavia 202 330 362 402 496 532 572 604 659 644 658 a Data are for coal, crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, hydroelectric and nuclear electric power expressed in terms of oil equivalent, and exclude minor fuels such as peat, shale, and fuelwood. 130 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 97 Primary Energy Consumption a Thousand barrels per day of oil equivalent 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD 37,800 63,000 71,900 68,900 78,500 76,200 71,700 72,000 74,600 75,900 United States 20,628 31,810 35,372 33,817 38,401 37,125 34,566 34,602 35,952 36,117 Canada 1,960 3,067 3,575 3,755 4,437 4,498 4,274 4,266 4,478 4,672 Japan 1,931 5,746 7,113 6,909 7,695 7,524 7,075 7,154 7,621 7,655 Norway 186 361 408 411 496 489 483 515 534 535 European Community 11,300 18,400 21,100 19,700 22,600 21,700 20,300 20,400 20,900 21,500 Belgium b 588 939 1,080 975 1,086 1,034 921 904 941 968 France 1,840 3,103 3,701 3,426 3,980 3,964 3,728 3,777 3,871 3,991 Italy 1,058 2,383 2,787 2,660 2,995 2,939 2,792 2,774 2,834 2,873 Netherlands 487 1,171 1,496 1,412 1,592 1,506 1,282 1,318 1,374 1,418 Spain 433 872 1,137 1,238 1,483 1,468 1,444 1,480 1,506 1,529 United Kingdom 3,506 4,259 4,523 4,107 4,453 4,075 3,916 3,900 3,894 4,098 West Germany 2,960 4,809 5,397 4,880 5,787 5,548 5,100 5,103 5,294 5,427 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 12,300 20,800 23,900 26,000 30,400 31,100 31,900 32,600 33,900 35,500 USSR 8,499 14,871 17,183 18,832 22,148 22,729 23,729 24,365 25,548 26,750 Eastern Europe 3,790 5,950 6,670 7,120 8,300 8,380 8,210 8,240 8,350 8,720 Bulgaria 131 391 476 527 651 668 690 697 709 715 Czechoslovakia 798 1,136 1,244 1,300 1,484 1,466 1,437 1,456 1,498 1,517 East Germany 1,166 1,491 1,554 1,586 1,801 1,827 1,793 1,800 1,848 1,978 Hungary 270 431 475 509 606 602 598 594 611 648 Poland 1,050 1,653 1,892 2,078 2,454 2,479 2,368 2,347 2,292 2,420 Romania 376 844 1,031 1,125 1,305 1,338 1,320 1,343 1,393 1,444 Other China 4,226 4,100 5,475 6,360 8,202 8,439 8,671 9,191 9,903 10,674 Yugoslavia 227 448 542 598 791 831 836 898 959 NA a Data are for coal, crude oil, natural gas liquids, natural gas, and hydroelectric and nuclear electricity expressed in terms of oil equivalent. Data exclude minor fuels such as peat, shale, and fuelwood and include marine bunkers. b Including data for Luxembourg. 131 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 98 Primary Energy Production, by Type a Thousand barrels per day of oil equivalent 1970 1980 1986 Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydro/ Nuclear Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydro/ Nuclear Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydro/ Nuclear OECD United States 7,359 11,380 10,686 1,394 9,785 10,170 9,838 2,774 9,921 10,268 8,195 3,727 Canada 171 1,625 1,110 803 437 1,754 1,202 1,447 686 1,832 1,316 1,928 Japan 538 18 45 427 244 10 39 885 218 12 37 1,267 European Community France 523 68 118 317 284 51 129 665 205 68 73 1,609 Netherlands 59 43 544 2 0 35 1,657 21 0 95 1,267 21 United Kingdom 1,992 2 194 160 1,762 1,639 629 212 1,461 2,643 770 333 West Germany 1,999 152 224 120 1,789 93 327 314 1,629 79 266 682 Other countries Indonesia 2 855 10 6 5 1,596 319 13 20 1,290 617 15 Iran 7 3,870 35 8 10 1,672 122 15 10 1,944 239 15 Kuwait 0 3,050 88 0 0 1,759 71 0 0 1,570 71 0 Mexico 40 475 234 76 70 2,129 634 81 80 2,676 246 90 Saudi Arabia 0 3,890 39 0 0 10,272 197 0 0 5,426 161 0 Venezuela 1 3,753 170 21 0 2,225 239 74 0 1,646 327 75 Communist countries USSR 6,077 7,058 3,279 660 6,652 12,031 7,172 1,174 7,000 12,300 11,340 1,690 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 125 7 8 12 116 3 3 53 125 6 0 96 Czechoslovakia 861 4 17 23 905 2 9 51 885 2 10 90 East Germany 1,150 1 10 12 1,082 1 53 84 1,330 1 50 90 Hungary 182 39 56 1 140 41 99 1 120 40 113 38 Poland 1,790 8 84 11 2,364 7 104 18 2,390 4 100 20 Romania 125 281 460 13 178 241 639 57 210 227 690 60 Other China 3,350 602 71 172 5,932 2,113 254 329 8,365 2,620 243 470 North Korea 275 0 0 90 580 0 0 145 690 0 0 170 Yugoslavia 164 56 18 93 254 85 31 162 375 83 40 160 a Data are for coal, crude oil, (including natural gas liquids), pressed in terms of oil equivalent, and exclude minor fuels natural gas, hydroelectric and nuclear electric power ex- such as peat, shale, and fuelwood. 132 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 99 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, . and Coal, Yearend 1986 a Crude Oil b Natural Gas b (Billion barrels) (Trillion cubic feet) Coal e (Million metric tons) Crude Oil b Natural Gas b (Billion barrels) (Trillion cubic feet) Coal e (Million metric tons) OECD Other countries (continued) United States 35 d 185 102,000 Nigeria 16 47 100 Canada 7d 100 4,900 Oman 4 8 Norway 10 103 NA Qatar 3 152 0 European Community Saudi Arabia 167 124 United Kingdom 9 33 14,000 South Africa NEGL NEGL 30,000 West Germany NEGL 6 25,500 Syria 1 4 Other countries United Arab Emirates 33 96 Algeria 9 106 NA Venezuela 25 59 750 Brazil 2 3 900 Communist countries Ecuador 2 4 0 USSR and Eastern Europe Egypt 4 9 NEGL USSR 5080e 1,200 173,800 India 4 18 16,650 Eastern Europe Indonesia 8 49 2,600 Poland NEGL 5 37,000 Iran 49 450 200 Romania 1 9 400 Iraq 47 28 Other Kuwait 92 35 0 North Korea 0 0 10,000 Libya 21 21 0 Yugoslavia NEGL 1 8,700 Mexico 55 77 1,000 a The portion of total resources which has been assessed as being exploitable under local economic conditions and avail- able technology. b Sources for Non-Communist countries: Oil Energy Trends and Oil and Gas Journal. e Yearend 1984. Data are expressed in terms of coal equiva- lent (7,000 kilocalories per kilogram) and include anthracite, bituminous and subbituminous coal, and brown coal/lignite. d For comparability, US and Canadian crude oil reserves have been adjusted upward to include estimated NGL reserves. e The Soviets do not publish reserve statistics on oil. Most recent published US and Western European estimates fall within this range. 133 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 100 Crude Oil Production a Thousand barrels per day 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b 7,860 11,500 11,800 10,800 12,800 12,900 13,300 13,800 14,300 14,700 14,500 United States 7,055 9,648 9,208 8,375 8,550 8,597 8,658 8,680 8,735 8,933 8,668 Canada 526 1,305 1,800 1,439 1,496 1,424 1,270 1,356 1,411 1,457 1,472 Norway 0 0 32 189 403 528 518 614 700 785 841 European Community 221 267 225 232 1,780 1,840 2,360 2,620 2,870 2,920 2,920 United Kingdom 3 2 2 2 1,568 1,619 2,094 2,299 2,535 2,533 2,508 Other countries Algeria 183 976 1,065 945 1,154 1,020 701 699 638 645 671 Indonesia 411 855 1,339 1,307 1,591 1,576 1,324 1,385 1,466 1,235 1,264 Iran 1,068 3,831 5,861 5,350 3,168 1,662 2,282 2,492 2,187 2,258 1,929 Iraq 1,004 1,563 2,018 2,262 3,477 2,514 972 922 1,203 1,437 1,725 Kuwait c 1,696 2,983 3,018 2,085 2,497 1,661 822 1,076 1,117 1,040 1,510 Libya 0 3,321 2,175 1,480 2,092 1,830 1,183 1,076 1,073 1,069 1,137 Mexico 271 420 465 705 1,461 1,936 2,746 2,666 2,746 2,733 2,431 Nigeria 17 1,090 2,054 1,783 2,302 2,058 1,298 1,241 1,393 1,464 1,461 Saudi Arabia C 1,315 3,789 7,600 7,075 9,535 9,903 6,486 5,062 4,649 3,468 5,101 United Arab Emirates 0 691 1,533 1,663 1,831 1,702 1,248 1,119 1,097 1,146 1,331 Venezuela 2,846 3,708 3,366 2,346 2,356 2,165 1,893 1,781 1,813 1,621 1,576 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 3,220 7,320 8,730 9,930 11,700 12,000 12,100 12,200 12,000 11,600 12,000 USSR 2,943 6,976 8,370 9,570 11,405 11,700 11,830 11,864 11,728 11,350 11,754 Eastern Europe 277 340 356 363 315 299 301 296 293 278 280 Bulgaria 4 7 4 2 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 Czechoslovakia 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 East Germany 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hungary 24 39 40 40 41 41 41 40 40 40 40 Poland 4 8 8 11 7 7 5 4 4 4 4 Romania 241 281 300 306 259 242 246 243 240 225 227 Other Albania 15 30 34 37 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA China 102 602 1,138 1,542 2,123 2,113 2,042 2,121 2,280 2,496 2,613 Cuba 1 3 3 5 5 5 11 15 15 17 17 Yugoslavia 18 57 68 74 83 85 87 83 83 83 83 Unless otherwise indicated, data are for crude oil and exclude natural gas liquids, shale oil, natural gasoline, and synthetic crude oil. b Including shale oil. c Including about one-half of Neutral Zone production. 134 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 , Table 101 Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1 January 1987 Thousand barrels per day OECD 36,602 Indonesia 636 Trinidad and Tobago 300 United States 15,459 Iran 530 Virgin Islands 600 Australia 626 Iraq 318 Communist countries Canada 1,760 Kuwait 618 USSR and Eastern Europe 13,469 Japan 4,790 Libya 329 USSR 11,000 European Community 12,267 Nigeria 250 Eastern Europe 2,469 Belgium 648 Qatar 62 Bulgaria 300 France 1,834 Saudi Arabia 1,125 Czechoslovakia 455 Italy 2,679 Venezuela 1,225 East Germany 470 Netherlands 1,401 Other Hungary 242 Spain 1,305 Argentina 670 Poland 385 United Kingdom 1,780 Bahamas 350 Romania 617 West Germany 1,720 Brazil 1,321 Other OPEC 5,847 Egypt 452 China 2,200 Abu Dhabi 185 India 991 Cuba 160 Algeria 465 Mexico 1,349 North Korea 42 Ecuador 88 Netherlands Antilles 320 Yugoslavia 483 Gabon 16 Singapore 961 Table 102 Oil Consumption Thousand barrels per day 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States 9,795 14,695 17,310 16,320 18,515 17,055 15,295 15,230 15,725 15,725 16,140 Japan 590 4,000 5,390 4,965 5,500 5,000 4,505 4,330 4,490 4,195 4,210 Canada 835 1,485 1,755 1,660 1,850 1,815 1,575 1,425 1,445 1,350 1,435 Western Europe 4,010 12,400 14,700 13,000 14,200 13,300 11,800 11,500 11,400 11,300 11,700 Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands 420 1,290 1,470 1,390 1,310 1,195 1,095 1,030 1,005 1,015 1,125 France 580 1,950 2,485 2,195 2,405 2,255 1,870 1,800 1,755 1,730 1,745 Italy 475 1,760 2,080 1,915 2,035 1,950 1,770 1,715 1,640 1,665 1,670 Spain a 120 540 760 890 1,050 1,060 1,000 1,000 825 810 805 United Kingdom 975 2,030 2,270 1,875 1,900 1,635 1,575 1,480 1,810 1,615 1,575 West Germany 660 2,570 2,985 2,565 2,905 2,605 2,230 2,205 2,205 2,240 2,375 Other 780 2,260 2,640 2,400 2,505 2,535 2,295 2,250 2,160 2,260 2,385 a Including the Canary Islands. 135 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 103 Major Exporters of Oil a Thousand barrels per day 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Non-Communist countries b United Arab Emirates 777 1,522 1,661 1,818 1,697 1,104 1,001 973 1,010 1,200 Algeria 985 1,029 940 1,031 868 607 554 483 495 520 Indonesia 725 1,167 1,095 1,270 1,197 868 910 949 740 800 Iran 3,519 5,424 4,886 2,580 952 1,644 1,920 1,576 1,700 1,500 Iraq 1,499 1,933 2,096 3,309 2,494 743 676 943 1,220 1,425 Kuwait c 2,831 2,847 1,991 2,372 1,551 669 907 955 930 1,380 Libya 3,313 2,210 1,478 2,051 1,776 1,050 958 947 1,040 1,015 Mexico 0 0 95 533 828 1,492 1,537 1,600 1,573 1,290 Nigeria 1,055 1,993 1,719 2,234 2,034 1,088 1,024 1,162 1,290 1,230 Saudi Arabia c 3,564 7,346 6,789 9,051 9,309 5,642 4,218 3,760 2,550 4,180 Venezuela 3,470 3,150 2,086 2,094 1,837 1,553 1,357 1,362 1,160 1,535 Communist countries USSR d 1,920 2,380 2,600 3,280 3,280 3,390 3,670 3,670 3,370 3,650 a Including refined products. b Excluding bunkers. c Including one-half of neutral zone production. d Gross basis. Table 104 Major Importers of Oil Thousand barrels per day 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 3,419 6,256 6,056 8,388 6,767 5,113 5,051 5,437 5,067 6,061 Japan 4,206 5,576 5,008 5,635 5,091 4,451 4,313 4,474 4,221 4,235 France 2,146 2,875 2,278 2,762 2,549 1,977 1,851 1,790 1,923 1,925 Italy 2,345 2,669 2,121 2,435 2,152 2,051 1,842 1,827 1,822 1,961 West Germany 2,676 3,001 2,509 2,972 2,692 2,224 2,186 2,162 2,200 2,349 Communist countries Bulgaria 172 241 254 300 301 290 290 290 290 NA Czechoslovakia 218 309 338 397 403 363 357 360 353 NA East Germany 209 323 343 417 445 437 457 471 459 NA Hungary 107 151 188 234 206 208 209 209 183 NA Poland 189 285 330 411 416 328 351 339 345 NA Romania 46 83 102 286 320 218 248 271 293 NA 136 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 105 Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Products , by the OECD Countries, 1986 Thousand barrels per day OECD United States Canada Japan Western Europe West Germany France United Kingdom Italy Nether- lands Spain Other Aus- tralia New Zealand Algeria 820 266 2 14 538 128 82 29 79 102 40 78 0 0 Bahrain 46 2 0 36 4 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 3 1 Egypt 301 10 0 19 272 13 39 59 121 0 8 32 0 0 Iraq 946 81 0 161 704 16 107 70 112 66 115 218 0 0 Kuwait 727 68 0 180 451 19 22 13 151 120 20 106 28 0 Libya 939 0 0 1 938 147 59 41 300 28 145 218 0 0 Qatar 240 12 0 168 51 0 28 6 4 6 1 6 8 1 Saudi Arabia 3,151 681 25 797 1,598 151 321 73 364 216 114 359 45 5 United Arab Emirates 1,053 42 0 831 162 4 34 0 50 14 9 51 18 0 OAPEC 8,223 1,162 27 2,207 4,718 478 693 291 1,182 553 452 1,069 102 7 Ecuador 79 78 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gabon 113 24 0 0 89 1 65 4 1 2 16 0 0 0 Indonesia 795 309 0 458 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 5 Iran 769 16 30 214 509 41 65 10 135 81 66 111 0 0 Nigeria 1,181 420 40 0 721 194 128 57 110 69 52 111 0 0 Venezuela 1,127 772 65 13 277 119 20 23 42 31 10 32 0 0 OPEC a 11,940 2,769 162 2,838 6,041 822 931 327 1,348 735 588 1,290 119 11 Other b 5,899c 3,280 292 1,342 2,960" 1,583 895 658 491 1,001 426 2,149 69 37 Total 18,186 c 6,061 454 4,235 9,277" 2,418 1,866 1,044 1,961 1,737 1,022 3,472 191 a Consumption 34,130 16,140 1,435 4,210 11,680 2,375 1,745 1,575 1,670 665 805 2,845 585 80 a OAPEC members, excluding Bahrain and Egypt, plus other countries shown. b Including unknown. . Excluding intra-OECD trade. d Excluding intra-European trade. 137 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 106 Natural Gas Production a Billion cubic feet 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b 13,700 27,100 31,100 29,500 31,500 30,200 27,900 26,300 28,200 27,700 26,800 United States c 12,770 21,920 21,600 20,110 20,470 20,180 18,520 16,820 18,230 17,200 16,810 Canada 525 2,275 3,120 3,090 3,345 2,465 2,500 2,520 2,760 2,970 2,700 Norway 0 0 0 10 905 885 895 905 965 930 945 European Community 356 2,690 5,010 5,950 6,240 6,090 5,380 5,470 5,560 5,760 5,540 Netherlands 12 1,117 2,640 3,385 3,490 3,400 2,685 2,640 2,655 2,860 2,600 United Kingdom NEGL 398 1,020 1,275 1,365 1,290 1,265 1,395 1,420 1,515 1,580 West Germany 16 465 550 515 630 670 595 625 655 610 545 Other countries Algeria NEGL 160 170 335 550 410 940 1,280 1,240 1,320 1,275 Indonesia NA NA 30 80 555 655 675 770 1,155 1,230 1,265 Mexico d 222 481 540 585 920 1,300 1,120 1,100 1,035 955 505 Venezuela 163 349 460 450 465 490 600 550 610 610 670 Communist countries e USSR and Eastern Europe 2,040 8,250 10,000 12,000 16,300 17,300 19,700 20,900 22,700 24,500 25,900 USSR 1,600 6,990 8,346 10,215 14,359 15,370 17,675 18,921 20,735 22,698 24,215 Eastern Europe 435 1,260 1,660 1,800 1,950 1,950 2,010 2,020 1,960 1,760 1,690 Bulgaria 0 17 8 4 5 7 5 5 5 5 5 Czechoslovakia 51 43 37 33 39 23 23 22 21 25 21 East Germany 1 44 248 257 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Hungary 12 123 170 183 230 217 234 229 244 247 231 Poland 19 183 213 211 259 224 195 193 214 225 195 Romania 352 847 989 1,115 1,117 1,179 1,252 1,275 1,176 960 940 Other China NA 136 226 325 512 504 411 411 438 454 466 Yugoslavia 2 35 47 55 66 64 60 74 71 85 86 a Data include only gas from natural gas wells and associat- ed gas from petroleum fields. b Data are for net production-that is, for gas actually collected and utilized as fuel or raw material. They exclude gas used for reinjection, as well as gas flared, vented, or wasted, whether or not it has been processed for the extraction of natural gasoline. c Data for the United States are in terms of net marketed production. Data for the USSR refer to gross production less losses and waste. US gross production (less losses and waste), which includes gas reinjected in order to maintain reservoir pressure, would be as follows (in billion cubic feet): 1960 1965 1970 1973 1975 1979 14,510 17,660 23,790 24,065 21,105 21,885 138 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 21,870 20,210 18,595 20,190 19,535 18,920 A much smaller share of total production in the USSR is believed to be used for reinjection. d Including gas used for repressuring and gas wasted. C Gross production. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 107 Hard Coal Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 923 983 914 953 1,050 1,100 1,130 1,080 1,130 1,180 1,160 United States 391.53 550.39 530.13 576.18 670.62 710.38 712.78 656.57 750.26 741.31 713.98 Australia 21.90 45.21 b 55.48 b 60.70 73.42 73.63 96.79 109.08 124.55 138.96 138.00 Canada 8.02 11.60 16.82 21.71 28.01 30.58 35.32 37.15 47.48 51.01 48.23 Japan c 51.07 39.69 22.41 19.00 17.64 18.03 17.60 17.06 16.64 16.38 16.10 European Community 446 328 282 268 253 264 262 249 177 219 231 Belgium 22.47 11.36 8.84 7.89 6.12 6.32 6.54 6.10 6.30 6.22 5.60 France 55.96 37.36 26.35 23.64 18.61 20.20 18.76 18.65 18.28 15.12 14.50 Spain 13.78 10.75 10.00 10.82 11.86 13.15 15.67 15.42 15.62 16.15 15.90 United Kingdom d 196.71 147.11 132.02 128.68 122.36 130.09 124.72 119.26 51.18 91.88 107.89 West Germany c 143.26 116.34 102.99 96.76 93.31 94.49 96.31 89.62 84.86 88.85 87.13 Other countries India 52.59 73.69 77.87 95.89 103.45 109.10 128.32 134.83 144.77 149.26 163.00 South Africa 38.17 54.61 62.35 69.44 105.48 116.04 136.91 139.01 140.00 NA NA South Korea 5.35 12.39 13.57 17.58 18.20 18.54 20.23 18.95 20.64 23.29 25.00 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 496 613 657 696 738 726 716 716 713 721 742 USSR 355.92 432.72 461.22 485.00 497.00 493.00 488.00 487.00 484.00 492.50 513.00 Eastern Europe 140 180 196 211 241 233 228 229 229 229 229 Bulgaria 0.57 0.40 0.35 0.33 0.27 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.20 Czechoslovakia 26.40 28.20 27.78 28.12 28.46 28.20 27.46 26.92 26.42 26.22 25.70 East Germany 2.72 1.05 0.75 0.54 0.05 NEGL NEGL NEGL NEGL NEGL NEGL Hungary 2.85 4.15 3.41 3.02 3.00 3.07 3.04 2.83 2.57 2.64 2.32 Poland 104.44 140.10 156.63 171.62 200.94 193.12 189.31 191.09 191.60 191.64 192.08 Romania 3.40 6.40 7.17 7.32 8.11 8.06 8.34 7.79 8.46 8.66 8.80 Other China f - 280.00 327.40 398.10 478.00 635.00 620.00 666.00 715.00 789.00 872.00 870.00 North Korea f 6.80 21.80 26.40 27.30 39.50 45.60 48.80 50.40 52.00 53.00 54.00 Yugoslavia 1.28 0.64 0.58 0.60 0.43 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.41 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for net production of d Excluding data for Northern Ireland. anthracite and bituminous coal. c Including low-quality coal at its hard-coal equivalent. b Twelve months ending 30 June of the stated year. f Raw production. Including a negligible amount of brown c Including brown coal. coal. 139 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 108 Brown Coal and Lignite Production Million metric tons 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 111 166 190 210 263 272 296 305 317 328 324 United States 2.49 7.21 12.88 17.71 38.01 42.31 47.94 52.93 57.26 62.54 64.40 Australia 15.21 24.18 a 24.68 a 28.18 32.54 32.89 37.81 34.09 35.11 36.54 34.90 Austria 5.97 3.67 3.63 3.40 2.74 2.87 3.30 3.04 2.90 3.08 3.00 Canada 1.97 3.46 3.65 3.55 5.02 5.98 7.49 7.76 9.92 9.67 8.28 Spain 1.76 2.83 3.00 3.38 10.69 15.46 23.88 24.53 24.32 24.14 22.10 Turkey 1.91 4.44 5.73 7.11 14.96 15.05 16.16 22.79 24.28 31.67 35.00 European Community 106 123 139 150 169 173 183 184 188 185 178 Greece 2.49 8.08 13.57 18.41 23.57 23.20 27.40 30.59 32.50 35.98 38.20 West Germany 96.22 107.77 118.66 123.38 130.61 129.86 127.36 124.37 126.71 120.67 114.31 Other countries India 0.05 3.54 3.32 2.79 3.25 4.55 6.67 7.30 7.66 7.78 8.40 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe b 469 587 588 602 627 630 660 670 704 717 734 USSR 134.21 144.74 153.47 160.00 161.00 160.00 163.00 158.00 156.00 157.00 160.00 Eastern Europe 335 442 434 442 466 470 497 512 548 560 574 Bulgaria 15.42 28.85 26.46 27.52 27.96 29.95 31.97 32.15 32.14 30.66 35.00 Czechoslovakia 57.89 81.30 81.25 86.27 96.21 95.73 98.84 100.47 102.86 100.39 100.00 East Germany 225.47 261.48 246.25 246.71 256.06 258.10 276.04 278.00 296.00 312.00 311.00 Hungary 23.68 23.68 23.37 21.87 22.66 22.64 23.04 22.39 22.47 21.40 20.80 Poland 9.33 32.77 39.22 39.87 38.08 36.87 37.65 42.52 58.90 57.75 67.26 Romania 3.36 14.13 17.68 19.77 24.66 27.10 29.56 36.73 35.82 37.65 39.00 Other North Korea c 3.80 5.70 6.60 7.70 10.00 10.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.50 Yugoslavia 21.43 27.78 31.87 34.94 41.68 46.61 54.20 59.00 64.68 69.10 70.02 a Twelve months ending 30 June of the year stated. b Net output. c Including unknown amounts of hard coal. 140 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 109 Electricity Production a Billion kilowatt-hours 1960 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b 1,710 3,520 4,300 4,400 5,260 5,230 5,220 5,410 5,650 5,880 5,920 United States C 893.72 1,742.73 2,086.28 2,131.06 2,472.14 2,437.82 2,386.69 2,459.24 2,574.07 2,634.65 2,652.70 Of which: Hydro 149.12 250.70 275.33 303.15 281.55 276.02 309.21 332.13 321.15 281.15 290.84 Australia 23.20 53.89 64.80 73.93 92.09 96.32 104.89 109.19 115.81 121.63 126.97 Canada 115.10 208.34 268.64 278.74 361.32 376.05 385.95 405.41 435.51 457.38 466.98 Japan 111.49 359.54 470.29 475.79 589.64 577.52 581.15 618.10 648.57 673.00 673.00 Sweden 34.72 60.64 78.08 80.57 92.45 93.43 99.52 108.86 123.49 132.98 143.11 European Community 450 930 1,130 1,130 1,390 1,390 1,380 1,410 1,450 1,550 1,550 France 75.01 146.97 182.36 185.31 241.13 243.29 265.39 281.29 306.80 323.57 332.00 Italy 56.24 117.42 145.52 147.33 180.53 185.74 181.82 180.11 179.54 195.01 193.00 Spain 18.61 56.49 76.27 82.38 105.41 110.32 113.51 115.45 115.50 124.91 120.00 United Kingdom 136.97 249.11 281.87 271.99 299.87 284.94 271.31 275.58 280.49 297.05 300.96 West Germany 116.42 242.61 299.00 301.80 374.22 368.77 365.20 371.96 376.60 408.70 397.00 Other Countries Brazil 22.86 45.46 64.64 80.29 124.67 139.49 152.00 161.98 178.54 192.95 NA India 20.12 61.21 72.80 85.93 104.63 119.15 129.98 139.90 153.73 166.20 182.00 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 406 987 1,220 1,380 1,640 1,710 1,800 1,860 1,960 2,020 2,080 USSR 292.27 740.93 914.61 1,038.61 1,238.20 1,293.88 1,367.10 1,418.10 1,492.07 1,544.20 1,599.00 Of which: Hydro 50.91 124.38 122.34 125.99 172.02 183.89 174.70 180.36 202.99 214.50 210.00 Eastern Europe 114 246 301 340 404 420 429 446 466 473 484 Bulgaria 4.66 19.52 21.96 25.24 32.48 34.84 40.44 42.62 44.67 41.62 41.80 Czechoslovakia 24.46 45.16 53.47 59.28 68.09 72.73 74.70 76.28 78.39 80.62 84.70 East Germany 40.30 67.65 76.91 84.51 96.85 98.81 102.92 104.93 110.00 114.80 115.00 Hungary 7.62 14.54 17.64 20.46 24.51 23.87 24.52 25.70 26.23 26.30 26.77 Poland 29.26 64.53 84.27 97.17 117.47 121.86 117.58 125.81 134.80 137.60 140.29 Romania 7.65 35.09 46.78 53.72 64.93 67.49 68.90 70.20 71.60 71.80 75.50 Other Albania 0.19 0.96 1.55 1.66 2.80 NA NA NA NA NA NA China NA 115.90 166.80 195.80 281.95 300.62 327.70 351.40 377.00 410.70 445.45 Cuba 2.90 4.89 5.60 6.58 9.40 9.90 11.02 11.40 12.30 12.20 12.00 North Korea 9.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 22.00 23.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 30.00 31.00 Yugoslavia 8.93 26.02 35.06 40.04 54.97 59.44 62.32 67.56 73.01 74.80 77.70 a Data are for total (gross) production at generating centers and therefore include transmission losses and station use (see footnote b). b Data are gross production or estimates of gross production based on reported net, adjusted by increasing by 7.5 percent the thermal electric production to include production that is consumed by the station itself. Hydroelectric production that is consumed by the station itself is a negligible part of the gross production. Therefore, no attempt has been made to adjust the net production for hydroelectric power. 141 c Beginning in 1980, data are for public utilities only. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 110 Installed Electricity Generating Capacity a Million kilowatts 1960 1965 1970 1973 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 186.53 254.52 360.33 459.25 527.35 615.69 630.94 650.10 658.18 672.46 698.10 NA Canada 23.03 29.35 42.83 54.38 61.35 77.23 82.00 85.55 89.53 95.22 99.26 NA Japan e 23.64 d 38.06 59.48 85.30 104.21 131.22 137.94 150.00 154.65 159.23 163.29 NA Norway 6.61 9.92 12.91 15.44 16.93 18.94 20.25 22.37 23.20 23.21 23.24 NA Sweden 8.96 12.04 15.31 19.46 23.14 25.77 27.42 29.68 30.71 30.86 33.17 NA European Community France 21.17 e 26.97 e 36.22 43.09 46.29 56.38 62.71 73.81 78.00 84.68 86.80 NA Italy 16.31 e 23.82 e 30.41 36.51 39.10 44.34 46.82 50.02 51.50 53.99 55.63 NA Netherlands 5.18 7.29 10.11 12.46 15.45 16.76 17.88 17.39 17.23 16.58 NA NA Spain 6.57 10.17 17.91 23.20 25.76 27.91 29.32 31.63 33.53 35.55 38.30 NA United Kingdom b 36.60 e 49.29 e 62.06 72.65 73.92 74.33 73.64 69.19 66.43 66.90 67.61 NA West Germany 28.38 e 40.60e 47.54 58.50 70.11 82.79 82.59 85.77 86.96 89.88 92.70 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 66.72 115.03 166.15 195.56 217.48 245.28 266.71 285.49 293.56 303.69 315.00 321.00 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 0.92 2.16 4.12 5.11 7.06 7.99 8.20 9.50 9.63 9.65 9.70 NA Czechoslovakia 5.72 8.21 10.81 12.12 13.64 16.37 16.65 18.91 18.90 18.60 19.66 NA East Germany 7.84 10.31 12.57 15.04 16.93 19.44 20.45 21.86 21.79 22.26 22.76 NA Hungary 1.48 2.00 2.73 3.23 4.29 5.24 5.41 5.65 6.10 6.30 6.40 NA Poland 6.32 9.67 13.89 17.73 20.06 24.79 25.29 26.84 27.88 27.79 29.04 NA Romania 1.78 3.26 7.35 10.12 11.58 15.60 16.11 16.91 17.99 18.82 19.58 NA Other China NA 15.08 23.77 33.92 43.41 63.02 65.87 72.36 76.64 79.86 86.36 92.32 Cuba f 0.94 0.96 1.30 1.30 1.40 2.17 2.62 2.83 2.93 3.16 3.39 3.40 North Korea 1.79 2.12 2.80 4.00 4.60 5.04 5.04 5.80 6.00 6.10 6.50 6.70 Yugoslavia 2.40 3.73 6.97 8.65 9.39 12.89 14.08 16.00 NA NA NA NA a All plants for both public and industrial use. Unless otherwise indicated, data are as of the end of the year. b Beginning in 1982, data are for public utilities only. e Capacity as of 31 March of the stated year. d Capacity as of 31 March 1961. C Gross capacity. f Including 410,000-kW capacity in industrial plants not linked to the national grid system. 142 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 111 Installed Nuclear Electric Generating Capacity a Thousand megawatts 1960 1970 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 0.9 14.2 63 104 113 134 147 166 198 220 United States 0.4 6.0 37.4 50.3 52.2 57.6 60.4 67.1 76.2 84.1 Canada 0 0.2 2.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 6.9 8.3 9.6 11.0 Japan 0 0.8 5.0 14.5 14.5 16.6 16.6 19.0 23.6 23.6 Finland 0 0 0 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Sweden 0 NEGL 2.4 3.7 4.6 6.4 7.3 7.3 9.4 9.4 Switzerland 0 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 European Community 0.5 6.8 14.7 27.7 33.2 44.3 51.3 59.3 74.0 87.0 Belgium 0 NEGL 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.5 3.5 5.5 5.5 France 0.1 1.7 2.9 8.3 12.9 20.1 25.3 28.0 33.8 44.9 Italy 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Netherlands 0 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Spain 0 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 5.7 5.7 United Kingdom 0.4 4.1 5.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.9 11.1 11.7 West Germany NEGL 0.3 2.8 7.7 8.6 9.8 9.8 12.3 16.1 17.4 Other countries Argentina 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 Brazil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 China (Taiwan) 0 0 0 1.2 1.2 3.1 3.1 4.0 4.9 4.9 India 0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 Pakistan 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.8 1.8 South Korea 0 0 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.8 2.7 4.5 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe NEGL 1.0 6.8 12.9 16.1 22.3 25.1 30.1 34.6 37.3 USSR NEGL 0.9 4.8 10.2 12.5 17.4 20.2 24.3 28.3 29.3 Eastern Europe 0 0.1 2.0 2.7 3.6 4.9 4.9 5.8 6.3 8.0 Bulgaria 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Czechoslovakia 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.8 3.1 East Germany 0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Hungary 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 Other Yugoslavia 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 aData are as of the end of the year and presented on a net basis except for Communist countries which are gross capacities. 143 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Minerals and Metals Table 112. Table 113. Table 114. Table 115. Table 116. Table 117. Table 118. Table 119. Table 120. Table 121. Table 122. Table 123. Table 124. Table 125. Table 126. Table 127. Table 128. Table 129. Table 130. Table 131. Iron Ore Production Manganese Ore Production Tungsten Ore Production Chromite Production Bauxite Production Pig Iron Production Crude Steel Production Rolled Steel Production Refined Nickel Production Refined Copper Production Primary Aluminum Production Smelter Production of Lead Refined Zinc Production Titanium Sponge Metal Production Cobalt Production Smelter Production of Primary Tin Primary Magnesium Production Gold Production Platinum-Group Metals Production Molybdenum Production Page 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 159 160 161 161 162 162 145 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 112 Iron Ore Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b United States 90.21 91.20 80.13 70.73 36.00 38.20 52.10 49.53 40.00 Australia 4.42 51.19 97.65 95.54 87.69 71.04 94.41 92.86 90.00 Canada 19.80 47.70 46.87 48.75 35.59 33.50 41.06 39.50 36.10 Sweden 21.69 31.51 30.87 27.18 16.14 14.26 18.12 20.45 20.49 European Community 118 88.1 70.6 43.3 30.1 26.1 25.4 24.5 21.8 France 66.96 56.80 49.65 28.98 19.39 15.93 14.84 14.45 12.44 Spain 5.64 7.06 8.22 8.87 8.37 7.45 7.26 6.46 6.09 Other countries Brazil 9.34 40.20 89.89 114.73 93.16 88.72 112.06 123.00 132.00 India 10.68 31.37 41.40 41.90 40.90 38.80 41.03 42.54 47.80 Liberia 3.05 23.66 24.38 18.19 18.17 14.94 15.10 15.32 15.30 Mexico 0.86 4.81 5.35 8.06 8.16 8.04 8.32 7.82 7.30 South Africa 3.10 9.20 12.10 26.30 24.55 16.60 24.65 24.41 24.48 Venezuela 19.49 22.10 24.77 16.10 11.20 9.72 13.05 16.23 19.10 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 115 208 244 251 250 251 253 254 NA USSR 105.86 197.14 234.70 244.71 244.41 245.20 247.10 248.00 250.00 Eastern Europe 9.34 10.8 9.13 6.73 6.07 6.19 6.28 6.45 NA Bulgaria 0.42 2.41 2.34 1.89 1.55 1.80 2.06 1.98 2.18 Czechoslovakia 3.12 1.61 1.77 1.93 1.86 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.76 East Germany 1.64 0.42 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Hungary 0.52 0.63 0.64 0.43 0.47 0.44 0.38 0.31 NA Poland 2.18 2.55 1.25 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Romania 1.46 3.21 3.07 2.33 2.10 1.99 1.92 2.29 2.30 Other Albania 0.25 0.40 0.47 0.75 0.70 0.85 1.08 1.13 1.15 China 100.00 72.30 109.00 120.00 NA 113.39d 126.7 d 132.0 d 140.08 d North Korea 2.50 6.50 6.75 8.50 11.00 12.00 12.50 12.50 NA Yugoslavia 2.20 3.69 5.24 4.53 5.11 5.02 5.32 5.48 6.75 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for the gross amount of marketable iron ores in the state in which they leave the mines, including manganiferous ores but excluding pyrites. b The metal content of the ore in the OECD countries varies from year to year. The approximate current content is as follows: United Kingdom and West Germany, 28-31 per- cent; France, 32 percent; United States and Canada, 63-64 percent; and Australia and Sweden, 60-65 percent. 146 c The metal content of the ore in the other countries ranges from 30 percent to 68 percent. d Final product. Data on gross amount of marketable ores not available. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 113 Manganese Ore Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD Australia 62 751 1,550 1,999 1,123 1,370 1,849 2,003 1,649 Italy 49 50 0 9 9 7 10 9 6 Japan 324 270 158 80 78 75 62 21 6 Other countries Brazil 999 1,880 2,160 2,281 2,341 2,092 2,693 2,700 2,700 Gabon 0 1,450 2,250 2,147 1,512 1,857 2,119 2,340 2,510 Ghana b 545 405 409 252 160 173 269 290 280 India 1,200 1,650 1,580 1,692 1,490 1,281 1,130 1,240 1,300 Mexico 205 274 428 447 509 350 476 396 459 South Africa 1,190 2,680 5,770 5,695 5,217 2,886 3,049 3,601 3,719 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 6,350 7,230 8,340 9,930 10,000 10,100 10,300 10,500 10,700 USSR 5,872 6,841 8,459 9,750 9,821 9,876 10,089 10,290 10,578 Eastern Europe 477 390 278 180 183 182 178 167 165 Bulgaria 25 33 35 49 45 45 45 38 40 Hungary 123 169 131 83 83 59 67 63 60 Romania 175 102 112 48 55 78 66 66 65 Other Yugoslavia 13 15 17 30 27 32 27 25 25 a The metal content of the ore of various countries is as 30 percent; Bulgaria, about 27 percent; and Hungary, 26 follows: the United States, more than 35 percent; other non- percent. Communist countries and Cuba, 25-53 percent; the USSR, b Dry weight. about 35 percent; Yugoslavia, about 35 percent; Romania, 147 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 114 Tungsten Ore Production a Metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 3,160 4,220 2,490 2,738 1,575 1,016 1,173 996 780 Australia 1,900 1,260 1,498 3,575 2,618 2,015 1,733 1,970 1,300 Austria 110 80 360 2,150 1,465 1,408 1,632 1,481 1,387 Canada b 0 1,340 1,170 3,179 2,842 328 3,715 4,031 1,786 France 340 80 620 577 727 832 796 733 500 Japan 470 850 770 668 604 475 477 568 511 Portugal 1,390 1,080 1,420 1,568 1,353 1,183 1,509 1,755 1,637 Spain 440 410 350 446 545 517 565 458 447 Turkey 0 0 0 96 150 325 350 350 350 Other countries Bolivia 1,020 1,840 2,036 2,732 2,534 2,449 1,893 1,643 1,160 Brazil 642 920 896 876 1,524 1,026 1,037 1,175 1,200 Burma 470 220 490 823 844 930 1,096 945 715 Mexico 90 290 280 266 194 186 274 282 294 Peru 230 800 580 549 682 762 699 723 742 Rwanda 230 180 350 431 324 231 260 167 13 South Korea 2,730 2,070 2,400 2,737 2,420 2,480 2,702 2,579 2,500 Thailand 210 710 1,640 1,615 855 562 741 586 361 Communist countries USSR 5,400 6,900 8,100 9,200 9,500 9,700 10,000 9,200 9,200 China 13,990 5,470 6,710 NA NA NA NA NA NA a Data are for the estimated tonnage of contained tungsten. b Shipments. 148 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 115 Chromite Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD Finland 0 121 331 362 345 245 446 450 450 Greece 35 26 35 43 29 28 61 59 62 Japan 67 33 24 14 11 8 7 12 11 Turkey 481 519 717 391 452 346 487 600 600 Other countries Brazil 6 27 173 313 276 155 256 275 285 India 100 271 500 320 339 422 423 560 620 Iran 68 200 172 82 40 50 50 50 50 Madagascar 0 131 194 180 44 46 60 127 100 Philippines 734 566 520 496 322 267 261 272 183 South Africa 772 1,427 2,076 3,414 2,432 2,506 3,407 3,698 3,480 Zimbabwe 606 363 590 554 432 420 477 536 540 Communist countries b USSR 1,200 3,000 3,500 3,400 3,400 3,300 3,326 3,360 3,454 Albania 289 466 779 1,020 675 685 720 825 850 Cuba 29 23 36 28 27 34 38 38 38 Yugoslavia 101 41 2 2 NA NA NA NA NA a Data are in gross weight. b Production of chrome ore. In the Communist countries, the chromic oxide content is estimated as follows: USSR, 46 percent; Albania, 45 percent; Cuba, 35 percent; and Yugo- slavia, 26 percent. 149 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 116 Bauxite Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 5,370 16,900 29,000 34,500 29,400 29,500 36,400 37,000 37,400 United States 2,030 2,125 1,800 1,559 732 679 856 674 510 Australia 70 9,260 21,000 27,178 23,625 24,372 31,537 31,839 32,431 European Community 3,260 5,510 5,610 5,230 4,540 4,140 3,910 3,980 3,890 France 2,070 2,990 2,560 1,921 1,662 1,663 1,607 1,530 1,379 Greece 884 2,290 3,010 3,286 2,853 2,455 2,296 2,453 2,500 Other countries Brazil 121 510 970 6,688 6,289 7,199 6,433 6,251 6,224 Guinea 1,378 2,490 8,400 11,862 11,827 12,421 13,160 13,100 14,597 Guyana 2,511 4,417 3,251 2,471 1,783 1,087 1,333 1,675 1,466 Jamaica 5,840 12,000 11,600 12,054 8,378 7,683 8,937 5,975 6,964 Suriname 3,460 6,020 4,930 4,696 4,205 3,400 3,454 3,000 3,847 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 4,380 8,970 11,200 12,500 NA NA NA NA NA USSR a 3,100 6,700 8,000 9,100 9,000 8,900 9,200 NA NA Eastern Europe 1,280 2,270 3,240 3,400 NA NA NA NA NA Hungary 1,190 2,022 2,890 2,950 2,627 2,917 2,994 2,815 3,022 Romania 88 250 350 470 NA NA NA NA NA Other China b 640 1,500 2,800 3,300 3,300 NA NA NA NA Yugoslavia 1,025 2,098 2,306 3,138 3,668 3,500 3,347 3,538 3,459 a Including nonbauxite ore such as nepheline and alunite for the production of alumina. b Data are for aluminous shales and clays used for the manufacture of aluminum and exclude shales exported and those used for refractories, abrasives, and cement. 150 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 117 Pig Iron Production Million metric tons 1960a 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 62.2 82.8 72.3 62.3 39.3 44.2 47.1 45.3 39.9 Australia 2.9 6.1 7.5 7.0 6.0 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.9 Canada 4.0 8.2 9.2 11.2 8.0 8.6 9.6 9.7 9.2 Japan 11.9 68.0 86.9 87.0 77.7 72.9 80.4 80.6 74.7 European Community 72.7 102.0 95.3 97.4 82.9 80.0 88.9 86.5 84.9 Belgium 6.5 10.8 9.1 10.5 7.8 8.0 9.0 8.7 8.0 France 14.1 19.2 17.5 19.2 15.0 13.9 15.0 15.4 14.1 Italy 2.7 8.3 11.4 12.1 11.5 10.3 11.6 11.7 11.9 Spain 1.9 4.2 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.5 4.8 United Kingdom 16.0 17.5 12.0 6.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 10.4 9.2 West Germany 25.5 33.6 30.1 33.9 27.6 26.6 30.2 31.5 29.0 Other countries Brazil 1.8 4.2 7.1 13.0 10.8 12.9 17.2 19.0 20.4 India 4.3 7.0 8.3 8.5 9.6 9.1 9.4 9.8 10.5 Mexico 0.7 2.3 3.0 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 South Africa 2.0 3.9 5.2 7.5 6.8 5.2 5.5 6.6 6.8 South Korea NEGL NEGL 1.2 5.6 8.4 8.0 8.8 8.8 9.0 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 60.2 110 133 144 139 144 146 145 150 USSR 46.8 85.9 103.0 107.3 106.7 110.5 110.9 110.0 114.0 Eastern Europe 13.4 23.9 30.0 37.1 32.5 33.3 34.9 34.9 35.6 Bulgaria 0.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 Czechoslovakia 4.7 7.6 9.3 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 East Germany 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 Hungary 1.2 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 Poland 4.2 7.0 7.8 12.0 8.5 9.7 9.6 9.8 9.9 Romania 1.0 4.2 6.6 9.0 8.6 8.2 9.6 9.1 9.6 Other China 27.5 22.0 33.8 38.0 35.5 37.4 40.0 43.5 50.1 North Korea 0.9 2.1 2.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 NA Yugoslavia 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 a Including ferroalloys. 151 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 118 Crude Steel Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 90.1 119.3 105.8 101.5 67.7 76.8 83.9 80.1 73.0 Australia c 3.8 6.8 7.8 7.6 6.4 5.7 6.3 6.6 6.7 Canada 5.3 11.2 12.9 15.9 11.8 12.8 14.7 14.5 13.9 Japan 22.1 93.3 102.3 111.4 99.5 97.2 105.6 105.3 98.3 European Community 99.8 146 138 142 125 123 134 136 126 Belgium 7.2 12.6 11.6 12.3 9.9 10.2 11.3 10.7 9.7 France 17.3 23.8 21.5 23.2 18.4 17.6 19.0 18.8 18.0 Italy 8.2 17.3 21.8 26.5 24.0 21.7 24.0 23.7 22.9 Spain 2.0 7.4 11.1 12.6 13.2 12.7 13.5 14.2 12.0 United Kingdom 24.7 28.3 20.2 11.3 13.7 15.0 15.1 15.7 14.8 West Germany 34.1 45.0 40.4 43.8 35.9 35.7 39.4 40.5 37.1 Other countries Brazil d 2.3 5.4 8.3 15.3 13.0 14.7 18.4 20.5 21.2 India 3.3 6.1 7.1 e 9.4 10.7 10.3 10.3 11.1 11.1 Mexico 1.5 3.9 5.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.6 7.4 7.2 South Africa 2.1 4.8 6.5 9.1 8.3 7.2 7.8 8.6 8.8 South Korea NEGL 0.5 2.0 8.6 11.8 11.9 13.0 13.5 13.5 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 86.4 156 193 210 204 210 214 214 222 USSR 65.3 115.9 141.3 147.9 147.2 152.5 154.2 155.0 161.0 Eastern Europe 21.2 39.8 51.3 61.7 56.4 57.4 60.0 59.3 61.1 Bulgaria 0.2 1.8 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 Czechoslovakia 6.8 11.5 14.3 15.3 15.0 15.0 14.8 15.0 15.1 East Germany 3.8 5.1 6.5 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.0 Hungary 1.9 3.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.7 Poland 6.7 11.8 15.0 19.5 14.8 16.2 16.5 16.1 17.1 Romania 1.8 6.5 9.6 13.2 13.1 12.6 14.4 13.8 14.3 Other China 18.7 17.8 24.0 37.1 37.1 39.9 43.4 46.6 52.1 Cuba NA 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 North Korea 0.6 2.2 2.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.5 NA Yugoslavia 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 a Data are for ingots and steel for castings. b Excluding steel for castings made in foundries operated by companies not producing ingots. Twelve months ending 30 June of the stated year. d Excluding alloy steel. e Ingots only. 152 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 119 Rolled Steel Production Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 69.35 82.37 72.54 76.07 55.85 61.31 66.90 66.26 63.46 Canada a 4.13 8.24 9.48 12.29 9.35 10.00 8.70 8.62 10.76 Japan 17.20 76.03 86.28 101.79 91.87 91.00 99.00 99.89 93.90 European Community 78.0 117 108 119 104 105 114 114 109 Belgium 5.88 10.26 9.10 10.67 8.55 8.67 9.71 9.32 9.00 France 13.70 18.73 17.56 21.00 17.41 16.25 17.33 17.23 16.50 Italy 7.78 14.76 15.41 19.66 17.55 17.90 17.84 17.71 17.90 Spain a 1.27 5.46 8.94 10.14 10.00 10.79 12.87 11.33 9.60 United Kingdom 18.41 22.18 15.57 10.08 11.66 12.44 12.63 12.82 12.90 ' West Germany 25.84 35.97 32.98 37.36 31.20 31.32 34.76 35.96 33.65 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 57.8 108 137 148 144 149 152 152 NA USSR 43.68 80.65 98.69 102.91 102.31 106.44 107.30 108.00 112.00 Eastern Europe 14.1 27.4 38.3 45.0 41.6 42.8 45.1 44.2 NA Bulgaria 0.19 1.42 2.50 3.21 3.25 3.24 3.38 2.93 3.30 Czechoslovakia 4.48 7.94 10.03 10.76 10.66 10.73 10.91 11.04 10.66 East Germany 2.61 3.41 5.22 5.13 4.96 5.08 5.39 5.64 5.90 Hungary 1.19 2.04 2.68 3.04 2.86 2.82 2.95 2.86 2.90 Poland 4.42 8.14 11.08 13.55 10.48 11.73 12.20 11.80 12.34 Romania 1.25 4.50 6.81 9.32 9.35 9.20 10.30 9.90 NA Other China 11.30 13.40 16.80 27.16 29.00 30.00 33.70 36.92 40.50 Yugoslavia 0.97 1.77 2.36 4.24 4.51 4.65 5.67 5.69 5.60 a Steel mill products. 153 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 120 Refined Nickel Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 12.9 14.0 20.1 40.1 40.8 30.3 40.8 33.0 1.5 Australia 0 1.0 34.0 35.3 45.9 41.8 38.7 40.8 42.0 Canada 127.5 189.3 157.8 152.3 58.6 87.2 104.0 91.0 115.0 Japan 18.7 89.9 78.0 98.4 90.6 82.2 89.3 92.7 88.8 Norway 30.4 38.5 37.1 37.1 25.8 28.6 35.5 37.5 38.2 European Community 47.3 56.3 63.1 44.2 20.0 42.2 44.3 41.5 53.0 France b 10.0 10.3 10.9 9.8 7.4 4.9 5.2 7.0 10.0 Greece 0 8.6 14.9 13.9 4.5 12.9 15.8 16.0 12.0 United Kingdom 34.3 36.7 37.3 19.3 6.9 23.2 22.3 17.8 31.0 Other countries Dominican Republic 0 0 30.0 16.3 5.3 21.2 24.2 25.8 22.0 New Caledonia 11.4 27.9 52.8 32.6 28.0 21.7 29.2 36.1 33.0 Communist countries c USSR 72.0 137.0 210.0 229.0 250.0 260.0 268.0 198.0 215.0 Cuba d 12.8 36.6 37.3 38.2 37.6 39.3 33.2 33.6 35.0 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for refined metal and the nickel content of ferronickel and nickel oxide. b Excluding data for New Caledonia. c Czechoslovakia and East Germany each produce a small amount of refined nickel. 154 d Nickel content of oxides and sulfides. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 121 Refined Copper Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 1,650 2,074 1,632 1,730 1,694 1,584 1,509 1,435 1,479 Australia 84 146 192 182 178 203 206 199 198 Canada 378 493 529 505 354 497 539 534 520 Japan 248 705 819 1,014 1,075 1,092 935 936 943 European Community 838 1,079 1,100 1,130 1,270 1,230 1,200 1,260 1,260 Belgium 212 338 332 374 502 431 428 456 450 Spain 42 83 139 154 172 159 156 152 158 United Kingdom 219 205 152 161 134 144 137 125 126 West Germany 309 406 422 374 394 421 379 414 425 Other countries Chile 226 465 534 811 852 834 880 884 935 Peru 30 36 71 226 225 194 220 230 226 Zaire 145 190 226 144 175 227 225 227 227 Zambia 403 581 629 608 585 575 522 479 460 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 576 1,220 1,750 2,030 2,050 2,100 2,180 NA NA USSR 475 1,015 1,320 1,470 1,510 1,540 1,590 NA NA Eastern Europe 101 204 428 561 541 557 591 627 628 Bulgaria 14 38 50 63 65 68 70 93 95 Czechoslovakia 10 17 23 33 26 26 28 26 26 East Germany 40 40 50 51 51 50 55 63 63 Hungary 8 12 13 16 12 13 13 13 13 Poland 22 72 249 357 348 360 380 387 388 Romania 7 25 43 41 39 40 45 45 43 Other Albania 1 6 7 12 10 10 11 12 12 China 90 290 300 320 325 340 350 350 NA Cuba b NA NEGL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Yugoslavia 35 89 138 131 127 124 128 135 140 a Data are for primary and secondary refined copper pro- duced from domestic and imported ores and scrap. b Copper concentrate. 155 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 122 Primary Aluminum Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 1,827 3,607 3,519 4,654 3,274 3,353 4,099 3,500 3,037 Australia 12 206 214 303 381 478 758 851 882 Canada 691 972 887 1,068 1,065 1,091 1,227 1,282 1,360 Japan 133 733 1,013 1,091 351 256 287 227 140 Norway a 171 522 595 653 638 713 765 712 712 European Community 549 1,160 2,170 2,600 2,340 2,280 2,400 2,280 2,360 France 238 381 383 432 390 361 342 293 322 Greece NA 91 136 146 135 136 136 123 124 Italy 84 147 190 271 233 196 230 224 243 Netherlands 0 75 258 259 251 235 249 245 258 Spain 29 120 210 386 367 358 381 370 375 United Kingdom a 29 40 308 374 241 252 288 275 276 West Germany 169 309 678 731 723 743 777 745 765 Other countries Brazil 18 56 121 260 299 401 455 550 762 Ghana 0 113 143 188 174 42 0 49 125 India 18 161 167 185 217 204 269 260 225 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 696 2,000 2,820 3,210 3,150 3,230 3,340 3,400 3,420 USSR 565 1,640 2,345 2,705 2,735 2,795 2,879 2,940 2,970 Eastern Europe 131 359 480 509 417 434 456 460 452 Czechoslovakia 20 31 43 38 34 36 34 32 30 East Germany 35 56 60 62 58 57 58 60 60 Hungary 50 66 70 73 74 74 74 74 74 Poland 26 99 103 95 43 44 46 47 48 Romania b 0 107 204 241 208 223 244 247 240 Other China 80 188 357 415 425 435 400 410 400 Yugoslavia 25 48 168 185 246 284 302 316 320 a Including the pure content of virgin alloys. b Including aluminum alloys. 156 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 123 Smelter Production of Lead a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 347 605 577 550 517 515 397 487 366 Australia c 247 351 311 361 400 379 378 383 340 Canada 145 186 172 163 174 178 173 173 180 Japan 69 178 152 175 193 199 208 218 219 Sweden 45 41 38 20 64 61 66 59 65 European Community 440 528 505 474 463 474 493 507 509 Belgium 93d 89d 106" 54 53 54 72 67 70 France 74 120 102 127 123 115 118 134 140 Italy 42 54 33 42 36 37 38 30 29 Spain 71 76 73 84 100 108 110 113 101 United Kingdom e 16 44 26 30 34 41 36 36 39 West Germany 140 113 92 112 111 116 102 110 111 Other countries Mexico 186 150 173 145 145 167 175 203 200 Peru 74 72 71 80 69 68 70 82 66 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 404 676 783 823 824 832 883 NA NA USSR 300 470 540 560 560 565 582 NA NA Eastern Europe 104 206 243 263 264 267 301 NA NA Bulgaria 40 99 110 120 118 116 114 116 110 Czechoslovakia 12 18 18 20 21 57 57 NA NA Poland f 40 54 76 82 79 81 84 87 85 Romania f 12 35 39 41 46 49 46 47 46 Other Yugoslavia 89 97 126 102 81 98 83 99 113 Unless otherwise indicated, data are for smelter production of lead produced from domestic and imported ores and concentrates, excluding all metal produced from scrap (sec- ondary metals). b Excluding refined lead produced from imported base bullion. c Including lead bullion. d Including secondary metal, remelted lead, and alloys. e Lead bullion from imported ores and concentrates. f Probably including some secondary metal. 157 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 124 Refined Zinc Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 2,780 3,540 3,180 3,730 3,480 3,800 3,900 3,800 3,850 United States b 788 866 450 370 302 305 331 334 316 Australia 122 264 200 306 296 303 306 293 310 Canada 237 418 427 592 512 617 683 692 572 Finland 0 56 110 147 155 155 159 160 150 Japan 180 676 722 735 662 701 754 740 708 European Community 830 992 1,180 1,490 1,430 1,510 1,580 1,650 1,670 Belgium 248 241 218 248 241 276 285 290 290 France 146 224 181 253 244 250 259 286 290 Italy 85 142 180 206 159 156 170 216 229 Netherlands 36 47 124 170 186 188 210 202 195 Spain 47 88 133 152 182 190 207 205 200 United Kingdom 76 147 53 87 79 88 86 74 86 West Germany 192 104 295 371 335 357 356 368 371 Other countries Mexico 53 81 154 144 132 175 180 182 176 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 577 1,030 1,210 1,190 1,130 1,150 1,180 NA NA USSR c 360 690 820 820 820 825 850 NA NA Eastern Europe 217 340 393 369 314 321 327 326 324 Bulgaria 17 76 86 90 92 93 93 90 90 East Germany 4 15 15 18 17 16 17 16 16 Poland 176 209 243 215 165 170 176 180 179 Romania 20 40 49 46 40 42 41 40 39 Other Yugoslavia 36 65 98 85 87 88 93 83 89 a Data are for electrolytic and distilled (including redistilled) zinc produced from domestic and imported ores and scrap and other secondary materials. b Including production from secondary smelters. c Primary metal only. 158 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 125 Titanium Sponge Metal Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 4.8 14.0 14.4 20.4 14.2 12.7 22.1 21.1 15.8 Japan 2.3 9.2 7.6 19.4 16.8 10.6 15.4 21.9 14.5 Communist countries USSR 6.0 40.0 57.0 68.0 70.0 71.0 71.0 71.0 72.0 a Raw titanium in the form of sponge metal produced from b Calculated, 1970-85, from reported consumption, imports, rutile or ilmenite concentrates. exports, and stock changes. Table 126 Cobalt Production a Metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD Australia 13 469 2,079 1,975 1,480 1,150 1,080 830 800 Canada 1,618 2,609 1,354 1,603 1,404 1,584 2,235 2,067 2,490 Finland NA 1,270 1,404 1,035 1,036 1,035 950 950 950 Other countries Morocco 1,271 604 1,961 838 792 0 0 0 0 Zaire 8,222 13,958 13,971 15,422 11,300 11,300 18,000 20,000 20,000 Zambia 1,847 2,400 2,057 4,400 3,251 3,200 4,620 5,800 5,770 Communist countries USSR 1,600 3,700 5,000 6,000 6,500 6,700 6,900 NA NA Albania NA NA NA 326 345 354 363 600 600 Cuba NA 1,208 1,240 1,613 1,500 1,621 1,397 1,420 1,400 a Recoverable cobalt content of ores mined, unless otherwise indicated. 159 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 127 Smelter Production of Primary Tin a Metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 13,700 4,540 6,500 3,000 3,500 2,500 4,000 3,000 3,213 Australia 2,290 5,210 5,250 4,820 3,105 2,913 2,899 2,683 1,302 European Community 43,100 37,700 23,000 17,100 15,700 16,400 18,900 18,300 16,000 Belgium 8,390 4,260 4,560 2,800 0 0 0 0 0 Spain 470 3,910 5,250 4,100 3,700 3,700 4,400 3,900 3,500 United Kingdom 26,800 22,000 11,520 5,830 8,164 6,467 7,105 7,548 7,000 Other countries Bolivia 1,020 300 7,530 18,190 19,032 14,164 15,842 12,859 8,500 Brazil NA 3,100 5,400 8,640 9,298 12,950 18,887 24,701 25,500 Indonesia 2,010 5,190 17,800 30,470 29,755 28,390 22,467 20,909 22,000 Malaysia 77,600 91,500 83,100 71,320 62,836 53,338 46,911 45,500 44,000 Nigeria NA 8,070 4,680 2,680 2,754 1,190 1,400 1,020 1,000 Thailand 220 22,000 16,600 34,690 25,497 18,467 19,729 17,966 18,500 Communist countries USSR 10,600 21,000 25,000 32,500 33,400 33,600 34,600 25,000 26,000 East Germany 1,000 1,200 1,200 1,800 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,300 NA China 29,000 10,000 18,000 18,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 a Excluding tin derived from scrap or detinning. 160 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 128 Primary Magnesium Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 36 102 109 154 93 105 144 136 126 Canada 7 9 4 9 8 6 8 7 7 Japan 2 10 9 6 6 6 7 8 8 Norway 10 35 38 44 36 30 49 55 55 European Community France 2 5 8 9 10 11 13 14 14 Italy 5 8 7 8 10 8 7 8 7 Communist countries USSR 25 80 98 104 109 111 114 87 89 Table 129 Gold Production Million troy ounces 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 1.67 1.74 1.05 0.97 1.47 1.96 2.06 2.43 3.73 Australia 1.09 0.62 0.53 0.55 0.87 0.98 1.30 1.88 2.48 Canada 4.63 2.41 1.65 1.63 2.08 2.36 2.68 2.82 3.36 Japan 0.26 0.26 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.33 Other countries Brazil 0.11 0.17 0.17 1.30 1.50 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 Colombia 0.43 0.20 0.31 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.80 1.14 1.40 Ghana 0.89 0.71 0.52 0.35 0.33 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.29 Mexico 0.30 0.20 0.14 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.27 0.27 0.28 Philippines 0.41 0.60 0.50 0.64 , 0.83 0.82 0.83 1.06 1.30 South Africa 21.38 32.20 22.94 21.67 21.36 21.85 21.86 21.52 20.52 Zimbabwe 0.56 0.44 0.35 0.37 0.43 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.48 Communist countries USSR 3.63 6.78 8.07 9.45 9.77 9.93 10.10 10.32 10.48 161 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 130 Platinum-Group Metals Production Thousand troy ounces 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States a 24 17 19 3 8 6 15 10 NA Canada 460 482 399 411 228 224 348 337 281 South Africa b 406 1,500 2,600 3,100 2,600 2,600 3,500 3,700 3,600 USSR 1,000 2,500 3,300 3,700 4,100 4,200 4,300 3,800 3,850 a Crude placer platinum and byproduct metals recovered largely from domestic copper refining, b Platinum-group metals from platinum ores and osmium and iridium from gold ores. Table 131 Molybdenum Production a Metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 32,000 66,400 61,200 80,300 52,300 25,700 58,700 57,100 53,600 United States 31,000 50,500 48,100 68,351 38,275 15,400 47,021 49,174 40,680 Canada b 348 15,300 13,000 11,900 13,961 10,194 11,557 7,852 12,900 Japan 381 264 140 56 97 97 147 98 0 Other countries Chile 2,014 5,700 9,090 13,668 20,048 15,264 16,861 18,389 16,316 Peru NEGL 607 651 2,688 2,915 2,642 2,947 4,036 3,484 Communist countries USSR 4,800 9,500 10,500 12,000 12,300 12,600 13,000 11,300 11,400 a Molybdenum content of ores and concentrates. b Shipments. 162 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Chemicals and Rubber Page Table 132. Table 133. Table 134. Table 135. Table 136. Table 137. Table 138. Table 139. Table 140. Table 141. Caustic Soda Production Synthetic Ammonia Production Sulfuric Acid Production Chemical Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Nitrogen Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Phosphate Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Potassium Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Plastics Production Natural Rubber Production Synthetic Rubber Production 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 171 172 163 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 132 Caustic Soda Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 4,510 9,200 8,694 10,529 8,514 9,107 9,901 9,942 9,933 Canada 338 860 845 1,459 1,367 1,528 1,586 1,591 1,680 Japan 869 2,685 2,948 3,157 2,792 2,863 3,085 3,074 3,076 European Community France 597 1,094 1,120 1,333 1,402 1,336 1,633 1,468 1,460 Italy 429 999 1,002 953 862 1,009 1,073 1,031 1,030 West Germany 776 1,682 2,489 3,176 3,026 3,350 3,612 3,697 3,696 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,420 3,140 4,220 5,200 5,260 5,350 5,540 5,630 NA USSR 704 1,783 2,395 2,755 2,783 2,853 2,972 3,056 3,229 Eastern Europe 716 1,360 1,830 2,440 2,480 2,490 2,560 2,570 NA Bulgaria 17 46 84 162 155 147 163 151 144 Czechoslovakia 115 189 257 325 324 330 329 332 335 East Germany 327 413 442 626 695 687 694 667 638 Hungary b 16 67 89 189 178 192 194 194 202 Poland 167 313 392 415 363 392 379 414 427 Romania 74 330 566 723 760 745 805 814 NA Other China 407 892 1,289 1,923 2,073 2,123 2,222 2,353 2,270 Cuba NA 4 4 3 11 16 18 14 14 Yugoslavia 48 93 97 136 169 171 191 188 198 a Pure caustic soda (100 percent NaOH), including tonnage not commercialized but used on site for processing. b Including regenerated caustic soda. 164 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 133 Synthetic Ammonia Production a Thousand metric tons of N 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 3,595 b 10,315 12,232 14,664 11,771 10,500 12,462 12,923 10,450 Canada 382 b 1,007 1,336 2,556 2,509 2,888 3,493 NA NA Japan 1,059 2,682 2,990 2,110 1,653 1,546 1,669 1,628 1,477 France 724 1,619 1,941 2,085 1,900 1,960 1,959 NA NA Italy 724 1,272 1,452 1,409 1,048 932 1,209 1,215 1,530 Netherlands 410 1,340 1,908 2,275 2,010 2,121 2,819 NA NA West Germany 1,242 1,821 1,981 2,044 1,570 1,703 1,963 1,908 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 2,180 10,400 16,200 21,300 22,300 25,000 26,000 26,700 NA USSR 1,138 6,282 9,868 13,762 14,605 16,904 17,677 18,232 19,400 Eastern Europe 1,040 4,090 6,340 7,560 7,680 8,110 8,340 8,500 NA Bulgaria 111 788 935 1,009 1,033 1,124 1,138 1,138 NA Czechoslovakia 153 432 710 841 726 809 827 994 NA East Germany 392 481 919 1,181 1,167 1,210 1,207 1,210 NA Hungary 67 414 513 795 791 812 813 790 NA Poland 285 1,187 1,707 1,483 1,384 1,430 1,499 1,490 NA Romania 29 792 1,559 2,247 2,583 2,723 2,857 2,876 NA Other China c 490 2,970 5,911 12,150 12,430 NA NA NA NA Yugoslavia 12 285 391 405 424 411 501 630 NA a Unless otherwise indicated, nitrogen content of synthetic ammonia. To convert to actual production of synthetic ammonia, multiply by 1.2158. b Data are for 1961. c Including only ammonia produced for fertilizer. 165 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 134 Sulfuric Acid Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 38,700 61,600 64,900 80,500 66,100 70,600 76,600 74,000 69,600 United States b 16,223 26,785 29,357 40,059 30,148 33,982 38,005 35,971 33,404 Canada 1,517 2,475 2,723 4,295 3,085 3,679 4,054 3,896 3,580 Japan 4,452 6,925 5,997 6,778 6,530 6,662 6,457 6,559 6,510 European Community 14,200 21,300 22,200 24,600 21,100 21,300 22,800 22,100 20,600 France 2,046 3,682 3,758 4,950 4,166 4,309 4,531 4,252 4,010 Italy 2,299 3,327 3,006 2,827 2,221 2,339 2,540 2,520 2,380 Spain 1,132 2,021 3,624 3,052 2,870 2,860 3,407 3,390 3,320 United Kingdom 2,745 3,352 3,166 3,380 2,587 2,629 2,654 2,555 2,330 West Germany 3,170 4,435 4,157 4,777 4,411 4,339 4,309 4,200 4,014 Other countries Mexico 249 1,235 2,047 2,351 2,732 2,996 3,196 2,222 2,160 South Korea 5 388 550 1,702 1,597 1,610 1,975 2,028 1,897 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 7,890 18,100 27,200 31,500 31,700 33,100 33,600 34,200 NA USSR 5,398 12,059 18,645 23,033 23,801 24,714 25,338 26,037 27,900 Eastern Europe 2,500 6,060 8,590 8,460 7,940 8,360 8,270 8,210 NA Bulgaria 123 502 154 852 916 861 908 810 806 Czechoslovakia 553 1,110 1,245 1,285 1,252 1,244 1,246 1,297 1,292 East Germany 730 1,099 1,002 958 920 926 885 883 883 Hungary 178 457 630 590 571 606 549 520 543 Poland 685 1,901 3,413 3,019 2,676 2,786 2,769 2,863 2,969 Romania 226 994 1,448 1,756 1,600 1,941 1,915 1,835 NA Other China 1,330 2,914 4,847 7,643 8,175 8,696 8,172 6,764 7,510 Cuba NA 322 418 401 332 356 336 373 370 Yugoslavia 121 696 935 1,186 1,183 1,300 1,471 1,489 1,595 a Pure (monohydrate) sulfuric acid (100 percent H2SO4). b Including appreciable amounts produced in government- owned privately operated plants. 166 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 135 Chemical Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b 22,300 43,300 46,300 59,500 48,900 54,900 58,000 51,400 NA United States 7,410 15,789 18,221 23,377 17,053 19,955 21,508 17,462 NA Canada 496 4,465 6,226 9,816 7,711 9,927 10,379 9,450 NA Japan 1,544 2,770 2,142 1,850 1,741 1,722 1,851 1,692 NA European Community 11,200 17,400 16,700 20,100 18,300 19,000 19,800 18,600 NA France 3,021 4,644 4,354 4,924 4,331 4,515 4,646 4,440 NA Italy 1,110 1,621 1,511 1,837 1,698 1,640 1,880 1,625 NA Spain 674 1,604 1,794 2,148 2,007 1,871 2,114 2,091 NA West Germany 3,897 4,743 3,756 4,824 3,882 4,325 4,398 4078 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 6,510 20,800 33,000 37,200 39,400 42,700 44,000 46,300 NA USSR c 3,281 13,099 21,998 24,767 26,738 29,733 30,808 33,194 34,700 Eastern Europe 3,230 7,720 11,000 12,400 12,600 13,000 13,200 13,100 NA Bulgaria 127 750 918 947 997 1,035 1,047 1,010 NA Czechoslovakia 287 680 1,062 1,182 1,114 1,123 1,136 1,051 NA East Germany 2,166 3,245 3,984 4,735 4,668 4,714 4,732 4,842 NA Hungary 102 517 690 847 869 901 882 864 NA Poland 477 1,629 2,581 2,238 2,284 2,324 2,356 2,270 NA Romania 71 895 1,729 2,451 2,692 2,913 3,073 3,097 NA Other China 389 2,437 5,254 12,321 12,782 13,791 14,610 13,322 12,328 Yugoslavia 45 364 411 439 434 442 473 466 531 a Nitrogen fertilizer (in terms of nitrogen), phosphorus fertil- b Data are for "fertilizer years"-in general, the year begin- C Including some products used for technical purposes and izer (in terms of phosphoric anhydride), and potassium ning 1 July of the stated year. microelement fertilizers not elsewhere included. fertilizer (in terms of potassium oxide). 167 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 136 Nitrogen Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Thousand metric tons of N 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD a 8,460 19,300 21,200 26,600 23,100 25,600 27,700 24,700 NA United States 2,739 8,161 9,591 11,825 9,051 10,750 11,694 9,864 NA Canada 286 726 775 1,755 1,751 2,085 2,456 2,337 NA Japan 1,030 2,105 1,557 1,202 1,126 1,075 1,210 1,065 NA European Community 3,800 7,130 7,940 9,710 9,160 9,460 10,100 9,500 NA Belgium 278 594 610b 743b 755b 706b 715b 795b NA France 671 1,351 1,361 1,640 1,530 1,600 1,693 1,600 NA Italy 658 956 1,000 1,318 1,116 1,081 1,323 1,147 NA Netherlands 417 930 1,155 1,624 1,505 1,700 1,739 1,480 NA Spain 110 592 825 960 856 841 990 977 NA United Kingdom 449 748 1,055 1,167 1,399 1,363 1,360 1,209 NA West Germany 1,180 1,505 1,259 1,436 1,092 1,207 1,272 1,219 NA Other countries a India 110 846 1,508 2,164 3,430 3,487 3,917 4,323 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,910 8,740 13,500 16,100 17,700 19,400 19,900 20,700 NA USSR c 1,003 5,423 8,535 10,241 11,593 13,014 13,328 14,223 15,200 Eastern Europe 906 3,320 4,950 5,850 6,150 6,420 6,540 6,500 NA Bulgaria 86 602 672 730 758 831 836 838 NA Czechoslovakia 140 296 496 618 568 591 576 526 614 East Germany 334 395 538 943 948 968 959 1,078 NA Hungary 57 350 421 559 571 594 583 604 584 Poland 270 1,030 1,533 1,290 1,298 1,341 1,369 1,254 1,445 Romania 19 647 1,292 1,707 2,008 2,091 2,212 2,197 NA Other China 196 1,523 3,709 9,993 10,219 11,094 12,210 11,438 10,589 Yugoslavia 4 238 279 296 295 302 357 372 433 a Data are for "fertilizer years"-in general, the year begin- ning 1 July of the stated year. Including some technical nitrogen and anhydrous ammonia exported for further processing. b Including Luxembourg. Including some nitrogen for technical purposes. 168 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 137 Phosphate Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Thousand metric tons of P70, 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD a 7,960 13,700 13,900 17,800 13,800 15,400 16,100 13,900 NA United States 2,626 5,369 6,531 6,265 6,363 7,735 8,400 6,680 NA Australia 569 695 481 829 759 678 641 637 NA Canada 210 560 610 724 581 687 640 593 NA Japan 515 665 585 648 615 647 641 627 NA European Community 3,530 5,470 4,450 4,650 4,200 4,150 4,180 3,900 NA Belgium 289 745 625 b 590 b 460 b 400 b 400 b 430 b NA France c d 770 1,451 1,259 1,351 1,200 1,230 1,224 1,090 NA Italy 399 510 370 424 455 434 421 408 NA Spain 299 487 456 497 449 383 459 455 NA West Germany 750 946 649 687 564 552 492 446 NA Other countries a Brazil 45 162 594 1,582 1,139 1,055 1,484 1,282 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,850 5,500 8,120 9,080 9,530 10,000 10,400 11,200 NA USSR. 1,192 3,585 5,511 6,455 7,057 7,417 7,695 8,596 9,100 Eastern Europe 658 1,910 2,610 2,630 2,470 2,620 2,660 2,590 NA Bulgaria 41 148 246 217 239 204 211 172 NA Czechoslovakia . 147 322 398 361 335 326 344 310 307 East Germany. 166 430 427 370 286 315 308 299 NA Hungary 45 167 206 149 156 167 160 130 163 Poland 207 599 929 843 868 872 869 889 948 Romania 52 244 404 687 590 733 765 788 NA Other China . 193 907 1,531 2,308 2,537 2,666 2,360 1,760 NA Yugoslavia 41 126 132 143 139 140 116 94 98 a Data are for "fertilizer years"-in general, the year begin- ning 1 July of the stated year. b Including Luxembourg. . Including production of ground phosphate rock for direct application and phosphate animal feeds. d Beginning 1 May of the stated year. 169 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 138 Potassium Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content Thousand metric tons of K,0 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD a 5,920 10,300 11,200 15,100 11,900 14,000 14,200 12,900 NA United States 2,045 2,259 2,099 2,052 1,639 1,470 1,414 1,098 NA Canada 0 3,179 4,842 7,337 5,379 7,155 7,283 6,520 NA European Community 3,870 4,820 4,270 5,730 4,920 5,340 5,490 5,240 NA France 1,581 1,842 1,734 1,933 1,601 1,685 1,729 1,750 NA Spain 265 525 512 691 702 647 665 659 NA West Germany b 1,967 2,293 1,848 2,701 2,226 2,566 2,634 2,413 NA Other countries a Israel 92 576 712 812 940 956 1,166 1,260 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 2,750 6,570 11,300 12,000 12,100 13,300 13,800 14,400 NA USSR c 1,084 4,087 7,944 8,064 8,079 9,294 9,776 10,367 10,400 Eastern Europe 1,670 2,490 3,400 3,930 4,000 3,980 4,030 4,050 NA Czechoslovalda a 0 62 168 203 211 206 216 215 NA East Germany 1,666 2,420 3,019 3,422 3,434 3,431 3,465 3,465 NA Hungary d 0 0 63 139 142 140 139 130 NA Poland d 0 0 119 105 118 111 118 127 NA Romania d 0 4 33 57 94 89 96 112 NA Other China 0 7 14 20 26 31 40 NA NA a Data are for "fertilizer years"-in general, the year begin- ning 1 July of the stated year. Including unidentified double counting of some products used for technical purposes (estimated at 4 percent to 5 percent of the total). b Excluding technical potash. c Including some potassium for technical purposes. d Imported potash added to domestically produced nitrogen and phosphate to form multinutrient fertilizer. 170 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 139 Plastics Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 2,850 9,660 10,206 12,786 12,912 14,729 15,956 16,594 16,700 Japan 556 5,128 4,373 6,422 5,986 6,504 7,424 7,301 7,280 European Community Belgium 46 419 678 1,835 2,023 2,246 2,374 2,498 2,750 Italy 346 1,567 2,053 2,464 2,142 2,436 2,718 2,640 2,650 Netherlands 116 795 1,350 1,975 2,502 2,777 2,641 2,450 NA West Germany 982 4,321 5,046 6,710 6,275 7,031 7,409 7,553 7,850 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 560 2,860 4,920 7,110 7,710 8,380 8,980 9,200 NA USSR b 312 1,670 2,838 3,637 4,058 4,419 4,819 5,019 5,344 Eastern Europe 248 1,190 2,080 3,470 3,650 3,960 4,170 4,180 NA Bulgaria 7 89 156 255 337 398 430 406 NA Czechoslovakia 64 245 428 894 956 1,002 1,039 1,103 1,140 East Germany 115 370 605 861 990 1,045 1,056 1,048 1,045 Hungary 10 56 124 328 326 345 385 389 423 Poland 40 224 421 549 451 535 601 603 631 Romania 12 206 347 579 591 633 655 628 NA Other China 54 176 330 898 1,003 1,121 1,180 1,234 1,290 Yugoslavia 15 97 160 483 489 466 551 586 647 a Dry basis, excluding water, solvents, and other liquid diluents. b Including resins for manmade fibers. Table 140 Natural Rubber Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 India 25.2 89.9 136.0 155.4 165.9 168.0 183.9 198.3 200.0 Indonesia a 620.3 815.2 822.5 1,020.0 880.0 997.2 1,115.6 1,130.2 990.0 Malaysia b 755.7 1,269.2 1,459.3 1,530.0 1,494.2 1,563.7 1,530.6 1,471.4 1,540.4 Sri Lanka 98.8 159.2 148.8 133.2 126.2 140.0 141.9 137.5 140.0 Thailand a 170.8 318.8 355.0 501.1 552.2 587.2 628.6 725.7 775.0 a Exports plus estimated consumption. e Including data for Malaya and Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah. 171 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 1 I I Table 141 Synthetic Rubber Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 1,910 4,550 4,480 5,420 4,730 5,050 5,580 5,400 5,510 United States 1,459 2,232 1,990 2,215 1,817 1,987 2,219 2,026 2,145 Canada 162 205 173 253 182 182 218 209 188 Japan 23 698 789 1,094 931 1,002 1,160 1,158 1,140 European Community 269 1,380 1,470 1,770 1,690 1,780 1,880 1,900 1,920 France 17 316 350 511 479 514 551 544 542 Italy 67 155 200 250 210 220 215 225 245 Netherlands 12 200 216 212 203 196 207 235 205 United Kingdom 92 316 261 212 246 262 289 270 289 West Germany 81 302 316 390 384 418 438 448 452 Other countries Brazil 0 75 129 249 228 221 258 266 280 Mexico 0 44 60 91 100 124 139 146 148 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 485 1,330 2,100 2,550 2,430 2,480 2,610 2,640 2,760 USSR 378 1,035 1,676 2,040 1,950 1,970 2,085 2,125 2,250 Eastern Europe 107 295 427 508 484 514 527 518 510 Bulgaria 0 4 19 30 25 25 26 26 26 Czechoslovakia 0 50 57 60 66 67 71 70 76 East Germany 87 118 144 150 155 155 152 140 130 Poland 20 62 108 118 100 120 119 126 116 Romania 0 61 99 150 138 147 159 156 162 172 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 CO5775731 Manufacturing Goods and Forestry Page Table 142. Table 143. Table 144. Table 145. Table 146. Table 147. Table 148. Table 149. Table 150. Table 151. Table 152. Table 153. Table 154. Table 155. Table 156. Synthetic Fibers Production Electric Generator Production Turbine Production Housing Construction Metalcutting Machine Tool Production Metalforming Machine Tool Production Grain Combine Production Tractor Production Passenger Automobile Production Truck and Bus Production Railroad Freight Car Production Rubber Tire Production Cement Production Newsprint Production Plywood Production 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 173 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 142 Synthetic Fibers Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 307.2 1,626.7 2,664.4 3,571.4 2,922.4 3,416.0 3,389.1 3,430.7 3,544.9 Japan 118.3 1,027.9 1,062.0 1,400.4 1,294.8 1,438.8 1,414.8 1,446.0 1,524.0 European Community 208 1,430 1,830 2,030 2,000 2,130 2,210 2,300 2,260 France 45.3 175.2 208.8 224.4 205.2 207.6 213.6 202.8 183.6 Italy 33.7 241.7 316.8 399.6 489.6 540.0 597.6 672.0 681.2 United Kingdom b 61.0 336.9 361.2 288.0 202.8 225.6 234.0 231.6 207.6 West Germany 52.3 497.0 633.6 721.2 702.0 758.4 770.4 796.8 788.4 Other countries South Korea NEGL 46.2 267.9 537.6 612.0 663.6 NA NA NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 35.5 361 819 1,200 1,310 1,400 NA NA NA USSR 15.0 167.0 365.0 570.0 655.0 708.0 744.0 789.0 840.0 Eastern Europe 20.5 194 454 630 650 688 NA NA NA Bulgaria 0 23.1 41.7 55.5 62.1 61.9 NA NA NA Czechoslovakia 3.4 31.4 69.4 110.0 125.0 129.0 134.0 137.0 NA East Germany 7.8 47.3 111.8 138.7 149.0 151.0 154.0 158.0 NA Hungary 0.4 5.6 11.3 20.4 20.4 22.8 21.6 22.8 24.0 Poland 8.0 57.5 124.2 168.0 134.5 152.4 160.3 164.0 NA Romania 0.9 29.5 95.6 141.0 159.7 171.2 281.3 257.2 NA Other Yugoslavia NA 8.7 18.5 49.9 61.2 74.1 100.0 99.0 97.3 a Data are for noncellulosic fibers whether made of natural polymers, which are based on materials such as casein or groundnuts, or made of synthetic polymers, which are based mostly on coal or petroleum. Data exclude waste, glass fibers, and rubber fibers. b "Delivery weight," approximately 3 percent less than "actual weight," prior to mid-1967. Thereafter, approxi- mately one-half of production is reported as "actual weight." 174 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 143 Electric Generator Production a Thousand kilowatts 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States b 12,899 27,565 30,496 21,122 9,967 12,170 11,028 7,255 NA Communist countries USSR 7,900 10,578 17,100 16,100 12,700 12,600 13,700 12,300 14,900 Bulgaria 29 37 32 71 228 85 90 145 NA Czechoslovakia a 1,391 1,487 1,474 879 1,189 892 864 NA NA Hungary a d 357 473 752 487 428 NA 518 NA NA Romania 83 747 1,479 1,111 929 606 1,011 788 NA China NA 2,918 4,965 4,193 1,645 2,740 4,674 5,610 7,120 a Turbogenerators and hydrogenerators. Production of diesel generators is believed to be negligible in most instances. b Shipments of units of 4,000 kilowatts and larger. a Generators for steam and gas turbines only. d Thousand kilovolt amperes. Table 144 Turbine Production a Thousand kilowatts 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States b 12,899 27,565 30,496 21,122 9,967 12,170 11,028 7,255 NA Communist countries USSR a 9,200 16,191 18,886 19,600 17,300 15,500 21,300 21,600 21,900 Czechoslovakia 1,555 2,239 1,720 1,120 2,104 1,503 1,896 2,576 NA Poland d 186 471 1,820 1,318 893 587 NA NA NA Romania e 98 121 712 497 337 597 257 NA 332 NA a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for steam and hydrau- lic turbines. Most production of turbines is for use in matched sets with generators for production of electricity. In addition, turbines are produced in single units for many purposes, including direct industrial drives, marine propul- sion, and pipeline transmission. b Shipments of units of 4,000 kilowatts and larger. Data are available only for turbines produced in integral units togeth- er with generators. Therefore, data for turbines and genera- tors for the United States are assumed to be the same. Some turbines are produced in single units, but no data are available on this production. 175 a Including a number of gas turbines. d Steam turbines only. a Steam turbines of more than 500 kilowatts only. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 145 Housing Construction Million square meters 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States a 145.4 152.3 159.0 182.3 120.0 171.6 201.0 207.9 219.1 USSR b 109.6 106.0 109.9 105.0 107.9 112.4 112.5 113.0 118.2 a Housing production measured in square meters based on U.S. Census data for housing completions. Average unit size corrected to conform to Soviet "useful space" concept. Data does not include mobile homes. b Total "useful" housing space, which includes all interior space of living units but excludes space at exterior halls, service areas, and walls. Table 146 Metalcutting Machine Tool Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States b 42.91 49.31 64.32 61.37 49.10 35.40 34.45 33.82 35.00 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 155.92 202.16 231.35 216.00 195.00 190.00 188.00 182.00 163.00 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 3.15 13.94 16.28 18.87 17.90 15.12 15.20 17.20 19.46 Czechoslovakia 30.23 35.19 29.66 36.90 37.10 35.40 37.00 37.20 37.60 East Germany 41.90 22.22 19.72 17.50 18.00 20.40 20.70 21.90 23.21 Hungary 9.78 14.48 12.83 10.20 13.10 13.10 13.10 10.70 10.70 Poland 22.47 29.73 33.19 28.20 32.20 39.30 47.10 48.70 50.35 Romania 4.44 14.14 28.27 29.40 37.90 59.00 80.20 89.40 90.80 Other China 153.50 138.90 174.90 133.60 99.80 121.00 133.50 167.20 159.00 a Power-driven metalcutting machines that are not portable by hand and are used to remove metal in the form of chips; these machines include lathes and planers and milling, honing, lapping, grinding, electroerosion, and ultrasonic cutting machines. b Average value of $1,000 and over for 1960-75 and begin- ning in 1980, $2,500 and over. 176 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 147 Metalforming Machine Tool Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States b 19.3 24.2 26.8 30.3 18.3 31.5 34.1 17.8 38.3 USSR 29.9 41.3 50.5 57.2 57.3 57.4 55.3 52.7 51.4 a Power-driven metalforming machine tools that are not supported in the hands of an operator when in use and are designed to press, forge, emboss, hammer, extrude, blank, spin, shear, and bend metal into shape. b Average value of $1,000 and over for 1960-75 and begin- ning in 1980, $2,500 and over. Table 148 Grain Combine Production a Units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 United States b 30,165 21,017 31,259 28,502 22,726 13,673 11,296 7,117 NA Communist Countries USSR and Eastern Europe 67,000 103,000 108,000 NA NA NA NA NA NA USSR 59,000 99,200 97,500 117,000 112,000 118,000 118,000 112,000 112,000 Eastern Europe 8,040 4,230 10,800 NA NA NA NA NA NA East Germany 1,972 900 1,500 NA NA NA NA NA NA Poland 564 2,155 3,591 4,593 4,500 4,550 4,800 5,132 NA Romania 5,500 1,179 5,659 4,890 4,800 5,094 4,900 6,806 NA a Tractor-drawn and self-propelled. b Shipments. 177 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 149 Tractor Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 178.5 191.7 232.0 155.4 80.8 51.9 57.4 38.4 NA Japan NA 33.8 b 207.3 203.0 179.4 171.0 201.4 209.7 209.1 European Community France 63.4 68.8 55.8 39.1 40.2 38.6 36.2 32.6 25.6 Italy 37.6 84.8 116.4 128.3 92.8 88.4 94.8 97.9 89.3 United Kingdom c 181.0 160.7 141.7 103.3 91.0 89.0 102.0 102.0 86.8 West Germany a 120.7 105.4 114.1 94.6 93.4 98.3 80.6 86.0 81.9 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 308 569 697 728 724 741 748 758 NA USSR 238.5 458.5 550.4 555.0 555.0 564.0 571.0 585.0 595.0 Eastern Europe 70.0 111 147 173 169 177 178 172 NA Bulgaria 0 3.5 5.1 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.4 5.1 Czechoslovakia 32.5 18.5 29.6 33.4 33.5 34.2 34.2 35.2 37.0 East Germany 9.1 16.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.7 2.1 2.6 NA Hungary 2.6 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 Poland 8.7 41.0 57.6 57.5 53.0 55.5 58.8 59.0 61.8 Romania 17.1 29.3 50.0 70.9 71.8 77.1 76.5 70.0 NA Other China 10.8 24.0 NA 98.0 40.0 37.0 39.7 44.6 33.9 Yugoslavia 7.3 12.0 33.2 50.7 52.3 55.9 59.7 56.6 55.0 a Excluding garden-type tractors. b Data are for 1971. c Shipments. d Excluding single-axle tractors. 178 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 150 Passenger Automobile Production Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 6,675 6,547 6,713 6,400 5,049 6,739 7,621 8,002 7,516 Canada 326 923 1,045 847 808 969 1,033 1,075 1,061 Japan 165 3,179 4,568 7,038 6,882 7,152 7,073 7,645 7,836 European Community 4,960 9,870 9,200 10,500 10,100 10,800 10,300 10,700 11,600 France 1,136 2,458 2,951 3,487 3,086 3,228 2,910 2,784 2,994 Italy b 596 1,720 1,348 1,445 1,296 1,396 1,436 1,354 1,800 Spain NA 455 702 1,048 944 1,136 1,174 1,217 1,390 United Kingdom 1,353 1,641 1,268 924 888 1,045 910 1,048 1,019 West Germany 1,817 3,528 2,905 3,512 3,772 3,875 3,784 4,165 4,273 Other countries Brazil e 57 255 554 652 686 685 666 460 508 Mexico c NA 137 262 316 324 214 244 289 207 South Korea c NA NA NA 58 99 128 167 262 457 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 272 710 1,780 2,140 2,010 2,060 2,130 2,160 NA USSR 139 344 1,201 1,327 1,307 1,315 1,327 1,332 1,326 Eastern Europe 133 366 581 815 704 740 802 826 NA Bulgaria 0 8 15 15 15 15 16 15 18 Czechoslovakia 56 143 175 184 174 178 180 184 184 East Germany 64 127 159 177 183 188 202 210 217 Poland" 12 64 164 351 228 269 279 283 290 Romania e 1 24 68 88 104 90 125 134 NA Other Yugoslavia e 4 111 183 255 213 220 244 229 226 a Factory sales. Starting in 1980 excluding passenger vans. b Excluding production for the armed forces. e Including vehicles assembled from imported parts. d Excluding special passenger cars. e Including jeeps. 179 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 151 Truck and Bus Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD b United States . 1,194 1,692 2,272 1,667 1,906 2,414 3,075 3,357 3,393 Canada 72 236 379 528 468 554 809 856 870 Japan 595 2,126 2,376 4,006 3,857 3,966 4,037 4,711 4,470 European Community 1,000 1,290 1,240 1,620 1,250 1,090 1,120 1,380 1,390 France 234 292 336 505 446 332 424 460 500 Italy a 49 134 109 167 156 179 160 185 190 Spain 17 77 113 146 102 31 32 154 230 United Kingdom 458 458 380 389 269 245 224 266 236 West Germany 238 318 288 380 258 283 264 295 211 Other countries Brazil 76 161 395 516 346 319 329 508 610 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 452 728 977 1,080 NA NA NA NA NA USSR 385 572 763 872 866 875 880 900 1,300 Eastern Europe 67 156 214 210 NA NA NA NA NA Bulgaria 0 3 6 7 7 8 8 8 NA Czechoslovakia 18 27 33 46 47 43 47 48 49 East Germany 13 27 38 40 38 40 41 46 46 Hungary e 4 10 13 14 13 12 13 14 15 Poland 23 53 85 67 48 52 55 49 55 Romania 9 37 39 36 NA NA NA NA NA Other China f 15 70 133 136 122 137 182 269 230 North Korea 3 8 10 12 14 15 16 16 16 Yugoslavia 6 17 19 21 20 16 16 16 15 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for light and heavy trucks, wheeled tractors for road haulage, special vehicles, and buses. d Excluding production for the armed forces. . Excluding wheeled tractors. f Excluding buses, jeeps, and three-wheel trucks. b Data include complete units exported for assembly. . Factory sales, including passenger vans starting in 1980. 180 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 152 Railroad Freight Car Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 57.31 66.18 72.39 85.92 17.24 5.77 12.40 12.08 11.51 European Community France b 7.93 14.23 9.62 5.60 3.83 3.00 2.90 1.68 2.51 West Germany 6.63 9.60 6.96 10.60 NA 2.75 NA NA NA Other countries India c 11.90 11.98 12.24 11.40 15.80 16.40 15.40 15.00 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 64.7 97.3 117 106 88.1 87.6 88.4 NA NA USSR 36.40 58.30 69.90 63.00 58.60 58.40 58.60 58.70 NA Eastern Europe 28.3 39.0 47.4 42.6 29.5 29.2 29.8 NA NA Bulgaria 2.01 1.99 2.51 3.00 2.98 3.10 2.77 2.90 NA Czechoslovakia 5.15 4.35 5.03 7.27 6.52 5.57 5.53 5.89 NA East Germany 2.14 5.51 5.03 3.87 3.59 3.13 3.11 3.29 NA Hungary 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 NA Poland 13.90 15.46 18.74 15.22 6.37 6.05 6.36 6.80 6.92 Romania 4.62 11.16 15.59 13.24 10.03 11.30 12.00 NA NA Other China 23.00 8.00 14.50 10.57 10.56 15.78 18.10 19.30 NA North Korea 0.60 3.50 4.00 4.50 4.70 4.80 4.90 4.90 4.90 Yugoslavia 3.42 2.61 3.33 2.13 3.03 3.16 NA NA 1.48 a Units of two, four, or more axles. Most production now consists of four-axle units. b Shipments. c Four wheelers only. 181 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 153 Rubber Tire Production a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 123,059 193,971 191,999 159,263 178,500 186,923 209,375 195,972 191,040 Japan c 10,100 63,828 74,580 113,004 125,292 134,616 135,360 146,940 132,680 European Community France d 16,518 39,415 39,365 50,544 41,484 47,328 44,316 46,244 51,132 Italy NA 22,383 25,716 52,320 44,364 37,944 39,900 41,112 42,390 United Kingdom c 15,904 30,540 26,008 26,346 24,376 23,976 24,115 24,220 25,643 West Germany c 14,745 37,548 32,016 37,800 36,336 37,884 39,252 40,260 42,780 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 25,300 52,300 76,900 89,900 88,700 90,700 95,200 98,900 NA USSR 17,225 34,620 51,480 60,100 61,700 62,000 63,700 65,200 66,000 Eastern Europe 8,070 17,700 25,400 29,800 27,100 28,700 31,500 33,700 NA Bulgaria 204 919 1,736 2,117 2,212 2,317 2,415 2,479 NA Czechoslovakia 2,387 3,933 5,945 6,740 6,198 6,217 6,500 6,311 NA East Germany 2,714 4,692 6,272 7,067 7,051 7,380 7,784 8,364 8,580 Hungary 551 1,090 1,013 840 735 735 794 825 857 Poland 1,862 4,516 6,644 8,020 5,322 6,695 8,103 8,541 NA Romania 351 2,508 3,786 5,046 5,445 5,346 5,882 7,210 NA Other China NA 4,200 7,000 11,000 8,640 12,710 15,345 18,527 19,932 Cuba 325 202 368 387 218 353 450 472 470 Yugoslavia 391 2,763 5,110 9,584 9,388 9,423 9,858 11,194 11,632 Unless otherwise indicated, data are for all motor vehicle tires, excluding aircraft and bicycle tires. b Excludes motorcycle tires after 1975. Excluding motorcycle tires. d Excluding motorcycle, tractor, and agricultural tires. 182 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 154 Cement Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 186 318 336 383 354 358 354 341 346 United States 56.06 67.43 61.82 68.24 57.47 63.88 70.49 70.66 72.39 Canada 5.34 7.28 9.74 10.34 8.14 7.80 8.86 9.67 10.50 Japan 22.54 57.19 65.52 87.96 79.21 80.89 78.85 72.86 70.22 Turkey 2.04 6.37 10.86 14.81 15.72 13.60 15.74 17.41 18.48 European Community 85.4 156 164 181 172 171 160 150 152 Belgium 4.39 6.73 6.89 7.49 6.32 5.72 5.72 5.54 6.16 France 14.35 29.01 29.71 29.10 26.15 24.50 22.72 22.22 22.58 Italy 16.01 33.08 34.24 41.86 40.25 39.77 38.30 37.15 36.63 Spain 5.23 16.70 24.10 28.01 29.60 31.21 25.50 21.88 21.75 United Kingdom 13.50 17.17 16.90 14.81 12.96 13.39 13.49 12.24 13.42 West Germany 24.90 38.32 33.50 34.26 30.37 29.57 28.63 25.60 26.51 Other countries Brazil 4.74 9.00 16.74 27.19 25.44 20.88 19.49 20.62 23.53 India 7.84 13.96 16.24 17.70 22.50 25.36 29.03 25.90 32.86 Mexico 3.09 7.27 11.70 16.26 19.10 17.03 18.38 19.97 19.60 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 68.4 137 180 191 186 190 193 189 NA USSR 45.52 95.25 122.06 125.05 123.68 128.16 130.00 131.00 135.00 Eastern Europe 22.9 42.1 58.1 66.0 62.0 61.4 62.6 58.0 NA Bulgaria 1.59 3.67 4.36 5.36 5.62 5.64 5.71 5.22 5.7 Czechoslovakia 5.05 7.40 9.30 10.55 10.32 10.50 10.53 10.27 10.3 East Germany 5.03 7.98 10.66 12.44 11.72 11.78 11.56 11.60 12.00 Hungary 1.57 2.77 3.76 4.66 4.37 4.25 4.14 3.68 3.85 Poland 6.60 12.18 18.54 18.44 16.03 16.16 16.66 15.00 15.83 Romania 3.05 8.13 11.52 14.60 13.93 13.03 14.02 12.20 NA Other China 15.65 25.75 46.26 79.86 95.20 108.25 123.02 145.95 161.56 Cuba 0.80 0.74 2.08 2.83 3.16 3.10 3.34 3.20 3.0 North Korea 2.30 2.80 5.00 6.60 7.40 7.70 8.00 8.50 NA Yugoslavia 2.40 4.40 7.07 9.31 9.72 9.59 9.31 9.01 9.12 a All types of hydraulic cements used in construction. 183 . Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 155 Newsprint Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 12,700 18,800 17,400 22,000 21,300 22,000 23,600 23,700 24,500 United States 1,818 3,035 3,153 4,239 4,574 4,688 5,025 4,924 5,108 Australia 90 173 196 222 364 376 378, 372 368 Canada 6,068 7,996 7,056 8,621 8,117 8,486 9,013 8,988 9,289 Finland 781 1,305 1,028 1,430 1,297 1,285 1,538 1,489 1,314 Japan 732 1,917 2,160 2,674 2,580 2,562 2,554 2,592 2,735 New Zealand 91 214 219 319 322 322 320 320 320 Norway 226 554 436 588 662 704 841 811 854 Sweden 582 1,030 1,188 1,534 1,322 1,434 1,585 1,595 1,726 European Community 2,120 2,290 1,620 1,890 1,550 1,560 1,830 1,950 2,140 France 551 430 256 260 248 218 264 263 302 Italy 259 311 240 271 198 194 206 178 217 United Kingdom 753 757 316 364 86 79 230 349 421 West Germany 230 408 482 593 666 662 696 694 751 Other countries South Africa 0 160 210 226 362 240 301 325 NA South Korea 27 102 107 214 212 208 216 244 272 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 678 1,420 1,660 1,920 1,870 1,880 1,900 1,945 NA USSR 434 1,101 1,361 1,532 1,508 1,528 1,532 1,589 1,645 Eastern Europe 244 319 300 380 361 348 364 356 NA Czechoslovakia 34 81 77 71 79 68 72 72 68 East Germany 89 97 96 116 113 106 106 113 NA Poland 77 88 83 91 78 83 86 81 NA Romania 44 53 44 103 91 91 100 90 NA Other Cuba a NA 19 32 35 37 34 44 59 60 Yugoslavia 28 75 85 45 29 28 29 28 37 a Printing and writing paper. 184 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 156 Plywood Production Thousand cubic meters 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD 12,400 26,200 25,400 27,900 24,200 28,800 29,500 30,000 31,200 United States 7,910 14,078 14,579 14,857 13,300 17,090 17,984 18,868 19,200 Canada 1,000 1,851 2,051 2,338 1,682 2,064 1,846 1,900 2,050 Finland 414 706 415 639 596 580 592 556 580 Japan 1,286 6,922 6,168 8,000 6,740 7,291 7,300 6,805 7,438 European Community 1,430 2,140 1,860 1,760 1,590 1,470 1,520 1,480 1,560 France 390 643 551 527 477 483 476 490 480 Italy 150 420 400 400 425 325 346 350 380 Spain 75 225 266 162 150 120 129 135 143 West Germany 660 569 400 429 331 334 336 300 330 Other countries Brazil 98 342 660 826 900 900 900 930 980 Malaysia 2 197 404 601 787 800 800 572 640 Philippines 287 653 423 553 434 469 414 200 350 Singapore NA 215 334 480 480 480 480 480 480 South Korea 20 578 976 1,071 971 973 844 758 693 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,690 2,600 2,850 2,710 2,660 2,730 2,980 3,030 NA USSR 1,354 2,045 2,196 2,022 2,015 2,103 2,349 2,410 2,576 Eastern Europe 333 558 658 684 646 625 629 619 NA Bulgaria 64 71 65 56 57 55 53 51 47 Czechoslovakia 46 57 113 137 152 146 150 141 NA East Germany 60 73 78 82 76 77 76 75 NA Hungary 22 12 5 5 5 5 5 5 NA Poland 73 99 128 131 104 109 111 112 NA Romania 68 246 269 273 252 233 234 235 NA Other Yugoslavia 61 103 126 186 181 135 141 145 155 185 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Agriculture Page Table 157. Total Grain Production 188-189 Table 158. Wheat Production 190 Table 159. Coarse Grain Production 191 i Table 160. Rice Production 192 ( ( Table 161. Potato Production 193 Table 162. Sugar Production 194 Table 163. Fish Catch 195 Table 164. Cattle Numbers 196 Table 165. Hog Numbers 197 Table 166. Meat Production 198 Table 167. Milk Production 199 Table 168. Soybean Production 200 Table 169. Coffee Production 201 Table 170. Wool Production 202 Table 171. Ginned Cotton Production 203 Table 172. Chemical Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 204-205 Table 173. Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 206 Table 174. Phosphate Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 207 Table 175. Potassium Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 208 Table 176. Grain Yields 209 187 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 157 Total Grain Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Developed countries United States 181.26 186.72 249.17 269.68 332.94 207.50 314.59 347.01 315.81 Australia 10.81 12.86 17.73 16.36 14.05 30.87 28.36 24.92 23.69 Canada 25.39 26.47 35.26 39.81 51.78 46.25 41.85 47.76 58.15 Japan 20.18 17.00 17.60 13.17 13.98 14.07 16.02 15.87 15.80 New Zealand 0.38 0.58 0.65 0.75 0.71 0.87 1.12 1.22 1.40 South Africa 6.52 8.06 11.50 13.02 11.15 6.29 7.48 10.36 10.96 Turkey 12.12 15.66 21.91 24.21 26.06 24.36 26.19 26.37 29.30 European Community 79.7 102 116 145 146 139 174 162 154 France 23.02 31.29 35.12 47.36 48.19 46.04 57.54 55.07 48.99 Italy 11.98 16.15 17.15 17.99 18.33 18.07 19.92 18.13 18.74 Spain 7.27 10.30 14.20 18.64 13.14 13.75 21.01 20.95 16.32 United Kingdom 9.46 13.01 13.82 19.42 21.87 21.46 26.58 22.44 24.36 West Germany 15.06 16.07 20.08 22.41 23.90 22.54 25.97 25.92 25.59 Other countries Argentina 12.57 19.66 22.79 18.27 34.08 30.62 31.11 27.46 26.75 Bangladesh 14.57 16.86 19.28 21.66 22.29 22.85 23.15 24.48 25.30 Brazil 14.61 22.78 26.19 33.19 33.71 29.16 32.68 35.95 36.79 Colombia 1.56 1.67 2.83 3.24 3.54 3.35 3.24 3.20 3.47 Egypt 5.43 6.62 7.36 7.52 7.93 8.08 7.37 8.31 8.33 India 78.97 101.80 117.35 ,131.15 127.52 154.55 154.71 158.94 159.34 Indonesia 15.35 22.15 25.26 33.65 36.82 40.39 43.43 43.37 45.04 Mexico 7.36 14.99 16.62 21.11 20.20 22.41 23.88 26.48 25.05 Pakistan 6.24 11.75 12.82 16.86 17.86 18.84 17.25 17.50 20.16 Peru 1.13 1.32 1.48 1.14 1.58 1.55 2.16 1.84 1.86 Thailand 8.38 15.47 18.39 20.60 20.12 23.43 24.51 25.60 22.79 Venezuela 0.51 0.86 1.09 1.55 1.45 1.30 1.43 2.06 2.44 Zimbabwe 1.01 0.79 2.03 1.88 1.77 1.06 1.47 3.34 2.86 188 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 157 (continued) Total Grain Production a Million metric tons Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR b Eastern Europe c Bulgaria d Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Other Cambodia e China f Cuba g Laos c North Korea Vietnam h Yugoslavia a Data are for the following products, where they are produced: barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, and wheat. h Including miscellaneous grains and pulses. Measured in bunker weight, that is, gross output from the combine which includes excess moisture, unripe and damaged kernels, weed seeds, and other trash. For comparison with US or other country grain output, an average discount of 11 percent should be applied. 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 173 242 213 270 276 277 269 280 303 125.56 186.80 140.12 189.09 186.77 192.22 172.63 191.67 210.07 47.2 55.1 73.1 80.7 88.9 84.6 96.0 88.8 93.2 4.97 6.91 7.87 7.81 10.21 8.10 9.24 5.38 7.86 4.84 7.20 9.28 10.70 10.28 11.04 11.98 11.77 10.80 6.38 6.46 8.91 9.63 10.02 10.07 11.35 11.60 11.70 6.90 7.62 12.19 14.01 14.88 13.74 15.44 14.54 12.51 14.30 16.26 19.56 18.34 21.17 22.09 24.39 23.73 24.91 9.83 10.63 15.27 20.20 22.34 19.60 23.58 21.82 25.41 NA NA NA 1.60 1.90 1.80 1.60 NA NA 143.50 239.96 284.52 320.56 354.50 387.28 407.31 379.11 391.09 0.41 0.39 0.47 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.58 0.56 0.55 NA 0.80 NA 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.30 1.55 2.66 3.50 5.40 4.60 6.70 7.00 7.20 7.20 6.80 NA NA 11.50 14.40 16.20 16.80 17.30 18.00 18.50 10.93 11.61 15.01 15.66 17.41 17.28 18.01 15.81 17.77 c Including miscellaneous grains. d Including pulses. e Data reflect only rice production. f Including soybeans, broad beans, and field peas. Tubers are included on a grain equivalent basis of 5 metric tons of tubers to 1 metric ton of grain for 1970-86 and on a grain equivalent basis of 4 metric tons of tubers to 1 metric ton of grain for 1960. 189 g Data reflect only govern total production of grains h Including corn, manioc, paddy-equivalent basis (1 rice). ment collections of corn and rice; is somewhat higher. sweet potatoes, and soybeans on a ton paddy =0.63 tons of grain or Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 158 Wheat Production Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 36.87 36.78 57.89 64.62 76.54 65.86 70.62 66.00 56.79 Australia 7.45 7.89 11.98 10.86 8.88 22.02 18.67 16.13 17.36 Canada 14.11 9.02 17.08 19.29 26.79 26.50 21.20 24.25 31.85 Turkey 7.00 10.08 14.83 16.55 17.54 16.44 17.24 17.03 19.00 European Community 33.1 41.4 45.1 61.6 64.7 64.1 82.6 71.4 71.8 France 11.01 12.92 15.01 23.68 25.34 24.74 32.98 28.89 26.59 Italy 6.79 9.69 9.61 9.16 8.90 8.72 10.06 8.52 9.07 Spain 3.52 4.13 4.30 6.04 4.41 4.27 6.05 5.33 4.29 United Kingdom 3.04 4.24 4.49 8.47 10.32 10.88 14.97 12.05 13.88 West Germany 4.82 5.66 7.01 8.16 8.63 9.00 10.22 9.87 10.41 Other countries Argentina 4.20 4.92 8.57 7.78 15.13 12.30 13.22 8.70 8.90 India 10.32 20.09 24.10 31.83 37.45 42.79 45.48 44.07 46.88 Iran 2.60 4.26 5.57 6.00 6.50 5.96 5.50 6.66 7.13 Pakistan 3.91 7.29 7.67 10.86 11.30 12.41 10.88 11.70 13.97 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 77.3 119 90.3 127 113 107 104 110 127 USSR a 64.30 99.73 66.22 98.18 84.30 77.50 68.60 78.10 92.31 Eastern Europe 13.0 19.1 24.1 29.1 29.0 29.4 35.8 31.6 34.4 Bulgaria 2.38 3.06 3.01 3.87 4.95 3.64 4.84 3.05 4.00 Czechoslovakia 1.50 3.17 4.20 5.39 4.61 5.82 6.17 6.02 5.60 East Germany 1.46 2.13 2.74 3.10 2.74 3.55 3.90 3.81 4.10 Hungary 1.77 2.72 4.01 6.08 5.76 5.99 7.34 6.55 5.80 Poland 2.30 4.61 5.21 4.18 4.48 5.16 6.01 6.47 7.39 Romania 3.55 3.40 4.91 6.47 6.51 5.25 7.58 5.67 7.55 Other China 22.17 29.19 45.31 55.21 68.47 81.39 87.82 85.81 90.30 Yugoslavia 3.57 3.79 4.40 5.09 5.22 5.53 5.60 4.86 4.68 a Measured in bunker weight, that is, gross output from the combine which includes excess moisture, unripe and dam- aged kernels, weed seeds, and other trash. For comparison with US or other country grain output, an average discount of 11 percent should be applied. 190 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 159 Coarse Grains Production a Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 141.91 146.14 185.46 198.43 250.72 137.12 237.68 274.89 252.92 Canada 11.28 17.45 18.19 20.51 25.05 19.74 20.65 23.51 26.30 Turkey 4.95 5.34 6.84 7.42 8.52 7.60 8.68 9.07 10.00 European Community 45.0 59.3 69.2 81.6 79.4 73.7 89.4 88.5 80.5 Denmark b 3.94 5.58 5.69 6.40 6.77 4.82 6.84 5.98 5.79 France 11.90 18.28 20.07 23.65 22.83 21.26 24.52 26.12 22.36 Italy 4.57 5.64 6.53 7.87 8.36 8.33 8.85 8.49 8.59 Spain 3.39 5.79 9.52 12.17 8.33 9.26 14.52 15.16 11.53 United Kingdom 6.42 8.77 9.33 10.95 11.56 10.58 11.62 10.39 10.49 West Germany 10.25 10.41 13.07 14.25 15.27 13.54 15.75 16.05 15.18 Other countries Argentina 8.22 14.34 13.87 10.23 18.64 18.04 17.42 18.35 17.44 Brazil 9.10 14.29 16.62 20.71 22.15 19.18 21.67 22.61 21.11 India 16.64 18.31 19.90 19.01 19.30 21.71 21.68 18.57 20.45 Mexico 5.84 11.91 13.10 17.86 15.22 18.53 19.00 21.27 21.11 South Africa 5.76 6.67 9.70 11.55 8.73 4.52 5.14 8.57 8.70 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 95.2 122 121 140 153 158 152 159 166 USSR c 61.08 85.78 71.88 88.30 93.20 103.30 92.50 101.60 107.30 Eastern Europe 34.1 35.8 48.7 51.4 59.7 55.0 59.9 57.0 58.7 Bulgaria 2.56 3.81 4.81 3.89 5.18 4.39 4.34 2.25 3.86 Czechoslovakia 3.34 4.03 5.08 5.31 5.67 5.22 5.81 5.75 5.20 East Germany c 4.92 4.32 6.17 6.53 7.28 6.52 7.45 7.79 7.60 Hungary 5.08 4.78 8.02 7.86 9.07 7.70 8.07 7.95 6.67 Poland c 12.00 11.65 14.35 14.16 16.69 16.93 18.38 17.26 17.52 Romania 6.22 7.17 10.29 13.69 15.78 14.27 15.89 16.01 17.86 Other Cuba 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Yugoslavia 7.34 7.79 10.57 10.52 12.15 11.72 12.38 10.97 13.09 Data are for the following products, where they are produced: barley, corn, oats, rye, and sorghum. b Excluding corn. Unless otherwise indicated, data include miscellaneous grains. d Measured in bunker weight, that is, gross output from the combine, which includes excess moisture, unripe and dam- aged kernels, weed seeds, and other trash. For comparison with US or other country grain output, an average discount of 11 percent should be applied. 191 Corn only. Data reflect government collections only. Total production is somewhat higher. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 160 Rice Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 2,477 3,801 5,826 6,629 6,969 4,523 6,296 6,120 6,097 Japan 16,072 15,861 17,097 12,824 12,838 12,958 14,848 14,578 14,559 European Community 1,290 1,560 1,670 1,660 1,660 1,180 1,710 1,900 1,870 Italy 622 819 1,010 968 1,008 1,021 1,009 1,123 1,082 Other countries Bangladesh 14,522 16,733 19,582 20,821 21,322 21,751 21,930 23,012 24,247 Brazil 5,392 5,394 7,782 9,776 9,716 7,742 9,027 9,019 10,406 Burma 6,850 8,162 9,208 13,317 14,373 14,288 14,255 14,466 14,466 India 52,011 63,401 73,352 80,312 70,772 90,048 87,553 96,306 92,000 Indonesia 14,953 19,324 22,340 29,652 33,584 35,303 38,136 39,033 39,275 South Korea 4,151 5,471 6,485 5,311 7,308 7,608 7,970 7,855 7,790 Thailand 9,475 13,570 15,300 17,368 16,878 19,549 19,905 20,264 18,200 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 313 1,460 2,210 2,920 2,640 2,800 2,920 2,820 NA USSR 187 1,279 2,009 2,791 2,470 2,600 2,720 2,570 2,633 Eastern Europe 126 176 206 130 169 205 204 250 NA Bulgaria 32 66 68 67 75 74 61 76b NA Hungary 45 45 69 24 48 47 33 36 44 Romania 49 65 69 39 46 84 110 138 NA Other Cambodia NA NA NA 1,600 1,400 1,700 1,970 1,900 2,100 China 59,730 109,990 125,560 139,910 161,600 168,870 178,260 168,570 171,126 Cuba c 306 291 338 352 372 518 555 524 480 Laos NA 800 NA 1,100 1,184 1,101 1,321 1,471 1,500 North Korea 1,100 1,400 2,500 2,300 3,300 3,500 3,600 3,600 3,400 Vietnam" 4,212 4,500 4,500 11,700 14,500 14,732 15,528 15,600 15,850 Yugoslavia 22 32 37 42 42 40 36 42 NA a Rough, or paddy, rice. Data refer to crops harvested in the b US Department of Agriculture estimates. last half of the year stated, combined with crops harvested in c Milled rice. Data reflect government collection only. the first half of the following year. d Prior to 1980, data for North Vietnam. 192 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 161 Potato Production Million metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 11.68 14.78 14.60 13.74 15.96 15.15 16.45 18.33 16.50 Austria 3.81 2.70 1.58 1.26 1.12 1.01 1.14 1.04 1.04 Canada 2.06 2.30 2.20 2.47 2.80 2.56 2.80 2.96 3.00 Japan 3.59 3.62 3.26 3.42 3.78 3.57 3.71 3.74 3.76 European Community 67.4 53.8 40.5 42.0 41.4 35.8 43.3 44.5 42.8 France 15.89 8.90 6.64 6.62 6.79 5.73 6.96 7.81 6.50 Italy 3.82 3.67 2.94 2.92 2.62 2.50 2.45 2.39 2.50 Netherlands 3.97 5.65 5.00 6.27 6.22 5.41 6.67 7.15 7.25 Spain 4.62 5.30 5.34 5.47 5.22 5.16 5.98 5.78 5.00 United Kingdom 7.27 7.82 4.79 7.11 6.88 5.86 7.40 6.89 6.93 West Germany 24.54 16.25 10.85 7.93 7.82 6.30 8.05 8.70 8.70 Other countries Argentina 2.07 2.34 1.35 1.57 1.82 2.01 2.12 2.00 2.10 India 2.75 3.91 6.22 8.33 9.91 9.96 12.15 12.64 13.17 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 149 169 151 111 129 135 147 134 150 USSR 84.37 96.78 88.70 67.02 78.18 82.91 85.52 73.01 87.19 Eastern Europe 64.3 72.4 62.0 43.7 50.9 52.1 61.7 61.4 62.6 Bulgaria 0.48 0.37 0.32 0.30 0.47 0.43 0.42 0.44 0.47 Czechoslovakia 5.09 4.79 3.56 2.70 3.61 3.18 3.98 3.45 3.46 East Germany 14.82 13.05 7.67 9.21 8.88 7.06 11.91 12.35 9.86 Hungary 3.00 1.81 1.27 0.94 0.97 0.79 1.55 1.34 1.26 Poland 37.90 50.30 46.43 26.39 31.95 34.47 37.44 36.55 39.00 Romania 3.01 2.06 2.72 4.13 5.01 6.21 6.39 7.29 8.60 Other China NA NA NA 139.22 133.40 146.25 151.30 130.20 134.81 Cuba a 0.02 0.08 0.12 0.21 0.22 0.17 0.22 NA NA Yugoslavia 3.27 2.96 2.39 2.58 2.64 2.59 2.80 2.41 2.52 a Data reflect government collections only; the total produc- tion is considerably higher. 193 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 162 Sugar Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States e 3,637 5,327 5,955 5,313 5,418 5,215 5,342 5,415 5,750 Australia d 1,441 2,507 2,930 3,415 3,652 3,171 3,627 3,439 3,439 European Community 8,170 9,660 11,200 14,000 15,900 13,000 14,500 14,500 14,700 France 2,267 2,580 2,981 4,253 4,825 3,875 4,305 4,324 3,650 Italy 998 1,199 1,429 1,934 1,282 1,352 1,385 1,352 1,850 United Kingdom 860 925 724 1,202 1,544 1,185 1,400 1,316 1,350 West Germany 1,877 2,100 2,571 2,994 3,586 2,725 3,151 3,454 3,400 Other countries d Brazil 3,319 5,019 6,299 8,270 8,941 9,555 9,259 8,455 7,999 India 2,814 4,634 5,048 4,528 9,126 8,452 6,635 7,016 7,790 Mexico 1,530 2,402 2,636 2,719 2,739 3,076 3,308 3,492 3,700 Philippines 1,398 1,980 2,672 2,332 2,709 2,112 2,578 1,665 1,514 South Africa 952 1,649 1,968 1,780 2,371 1,584 2,276 2,540 2,420 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe e 11,100 15,300 16,100 15,200 18,600 19,100 19,200 18,400 19,200 USSR 6,916 11,110 11,285 11,008 13,120 13,472 13,548 12,825 13,804 Eastern Europe 4,170 4,160 4,800 4,240 5,480 5,580 5,690 5,540 5,360 Bulgaria 186 403 343 371 434 476 487 497 539 Czechoslovakia 958 951 913 847 972 909 1,017 1,053 965 East Germany 739 587 793 797 974 920 946 990 885 Hungary 381 304 335 509 499 518 442 525 465 Poland 1,484 1,509 1,857 1,160 1,949 2,154 1,921 1,843 1,829 Romania 425 410 560 553 648 604 876 633 676 Other China b 440 1,350 1,740 2,570 3,384 3,771 3,799 4,513 5,240 Cuba g 5,942 8,538 6,314 6,665 8,207 7,460 7,783 7,889 7,600 Yugoslavia 243 385 571 709 683 772 996 1,032 1,000 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for beet sugar pro- duced in the calendar year. Data are given in terms of the raw value of centrifugal sugar. Refined sugar is equal to approximately 92 percent of raw sugar weight. Centrifugal, as distinguished from noncentrifugal, sugar includes cane and beet sugar produced by the centrifugal process and is the principal type of sugar moving in international trade. b Including cane sugar. e Including Puerto Rico, for all years except 1960 and 1970. d Cane sugar only. e Including raw cane sugar imported for refining. 194 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 163 Fish Catch a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States 2,815 2,810 2,842 3,511 3,635 3,988 4,143 4,814 4,679 Canada 934 1,334 993 1,415 1,347 1,404 1,346 1,221 1,341 Iceland 593 734 995 1,645 1,515 789 839 1,535 1,689 Japan 6,207 8,825 9,896 9,949 10,436 10,827 11,255 12,021 11,440 Norway 1,543 2,906 2,484 2,658 2,409 2,501 2,836 2,456 2,115 European Community 5,120 6,640 6,820 6,170 6,590 6,860 6,610 6,610 6,590 Denmark 581 1,226 1,767 1,738 2,029 1,927 1,863 1,847 1,705 France 734 784 784 743 794 746 774 739 786 Spain 970 1,532 1,512 1,205 1,265 1,374 1,250 1,268 1,253 United Kingdom 924 1,076 954 893 835 903 839 836 896 West Germany 674 613 442 357 307 314 305 327 227 Other countries Chile 340 1,200 899 2,632 2,817 3,673 3,982 4,499 NA India 1,161 1,756 2,266 2,340 2,442 2,367 2,507 2,859 NA Indonesia 761 1,225 1,382 1,742 1,842 1,990 2,205 2,217 NA Peru 3,727 12,535 3,446 3,681 2,739 3,529 1,568 2,997 NA Philippines 466 1,031 1,443 1,475 1,557 1,788 1,978 1,935 NA Thailand 221 1,444 1,553 1,944 1,792 2,120 2,250 2,250 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 3,890 8,810 11,700 10,800 11,000 11,300 11,300 12,100 12,100 USSR b 3,541 7,828 10,357 9,359 9,526 10,000 9,900 10,600 10,700 Eastern Europe 349 978 1,350 1,400 1,440 1,300 1,430 1,490 1,380 Bulgaria 8 84 151 136 164 140 151 150 135 Czechoslovakia 9 13 17 17 16 20 20 20 20 East Germany 114 320 330 227 244 270 265 300 265 Hungary 15 26 31 33 34 43 20 20 17 Poland 187 473 679 803 791 582 672 700 686 Romania 16 62 139 182 189 244 300 300 260 Other Cuba 31 106 143 154 186 195 198 200 220 Yugoslavia 31 46 57 56 58 67 80 74 75 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are in terms of live weight for all species of fish and seaweed, crustaceans, and mol- lusks, but exclude aquatic mammals. b Including aquatic mammals. 195 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 164 Cattle Numbers a Million head 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 96.24 112.37 132.03 111.19 115.44 115.00 113.70 109.75 105.47 Australia 16.50 22.16 32.79 26.20 24.55 22.48 22.16 22.78 23.22 Canada 10.39 11.63 14.01 12.12 12.09 11.66 11.36 10.98 10.59 New Zealand 5.99 8.78 9.65 8.02 8.04 7.91 7.63 7.77 7.92 Turkey b 14.30 14.37 14.41 16.61 16.98 16.50 16.00 15.50 15.00 European Community 73.9 79.2 86.1 84.2 84.1 84.9 85.5 84.8 83.6 France 18.74 21.72 24.33 23.55 23.49 23.66 23.52 23.10 22.81 Italy b 9.40 9.61 8.24 8.81 8.90 9.13 9.22 9.21 9.01 United Kingdom 11.69 12.30 14.84 13.32 12.96 13.16 13.13 12.98 12.70 West Germany 12.48 14.29 14.43 15.05 15.00 15.10 15.55 15.69 15.63 Other countries Argentina 43.52 52.26 58.70 58.94 57.95 58.00 58.60 58.81 57.61 Brazil b 72.89 78.45 91.00 91.00 93.00 93.00 93.30 94.70 95.21 Colombia 15.00 20.20 23.22 24.23 24.23 24.00 22.44 21.94 20.51 Ethiopia 22.45 26.23 25.88 26.00 26.20 26.30 26.00 26.00 26.30 Mexico 17.41 24.88 28.40 33.00 34.70 33.87 33.92 33.85 33.74 South Africa 12.30 10.13 12.33 13.58 13.10 12.52 12.90 12.00 11.75 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 99.4 124 142 148 148 149 152 154 153 USSR 74.23 95.16 109.12 115.10 115.90 117.20 119.60 121.06 120.90 Eastern Europe 25.2 28.5 32.5 32.9 32.4 31.8 32.5 32.6 32.3 Bulgaria 1.28 1.26 1.55 1.79 1.85 1.82 1.81 1.78 1.74 Czechoslovakia 4.30 4.22 4.57 4.92 5.10 5.13 5.19 5.15 5.07 East Germany 4.46 5.19 5.58 5.60 5.75 5.69 5.77 5.85 5.83 Hungary 2.00 1.93 2.02 1.95 1.95 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.77 Poland 8.70 10.84 12.82 12.16 11.47 11.02 11.09 10.91 10.77 Romania 4.45 5.04 5.98 6.51 6.30 6.25 6.75 7.04 7.08 Other China 79.12 92.28 97.53 94.59 97.64 101.13 103.50 108.39 113.82 Yugoslavia 5.30 5.03 5.81 5.44 5.35 5.35 5.34 5.20 5.03 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are as of the beginning of b Including buffalo. the year. c Cattle, buffalo, horses, donkeys, mules, and camels. 196 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 165 Hog Numbers a Million head 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 59.03 57.05 54.69 67.35 58.70 54.53 56.69 54.07 52.30 Canada 6.05 6.56 5.90 9.69 10.04 10.07 10.74 11.03 10.68 Japan 1.92 6.34 7.68 10.00 10.04 10.27 10.42 10.72 11.06 European Community 53.1 74.6 80.1 91.7 92.7 94.4 94.3 94.6 97.0 Denmark 6.20 8.35 8.05 9.53 9.78 9.50 9.02 8.96 9.10 France 8.36 10.46 12.03 11.44 11.80 11.71 11.25 10.98 10.96 Italy 4.15 9.22 8.81 8.81 9.02 9.13 9.19 9.04 9.14 Netherlands 2.82 5.47 7.14 9.75 10.19 10.59 11.01 11.80 12.91 Spain 6.03 6.92 7.86 11.26 10.70 11.68 12.12 11.80 11.90 United Kingdom 6.01 8.13 8.84 7.79 7.91 8.21 7.78 7.79 7.93 West Germany 14.87 19.32 20.23 22.37 22.31 22.48 23.45 23.62 24.28 Other countries Brazil 46.82 35.60 35.20 36.50 33.50 33.50 30.00 30.00 30.50 Mexico 6.08 10.30 11.70 16.89 17.15 16.46 13.14 12.32 13.12 Philippines 6.57 6.46 6.60 7.93 7.59 7.98 7.61 7.30 7.28 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 92.7 97.9 132 138 137 139 143 143 143 USSR 53.44 56.06 72.27 73.90 73.30 76.70 78.70 77.91 77.80 Eastern Europe 39.2 41.9 60.2 63.8 63.8 62.3 63.9 64.9 65.3 Bulgaria 2.27 1.97 3.42 3.83 3.84 3.81 3.77 3.73 3.91 Czechoslovakia 5.69 5.53 6.72 7.59 7.30 7.13 7.07 6.74 6.65 East Germany" 8.28 9.24 11.52 12.13 12.87 12.11 13.06 13.19 12.95 Hungary 6.07 5.70 8.29 8.37 8.30 9.04 9.84 9.24 8.28 Poland 12.62 13.45 21.71 20.98 19.08 17.56 15.85 17.21 19.17 Romania 4.30 5.97 8.57 10.89 12.46 12.64 14.35 14.78 14.32 Other China 120.04 172.51 260.78 319.71 293.70 298.54 306.79 331.40 336.93 Cuba c NA 0.26 0.60 0.72 0.85 0.91 1.01 1.04 1.05 Yugoslavia 6.21 5.54 7.68 7.50 8.43 8.37 9.34 8.67 7.82 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are as of the beginning of b As of 30 November of the previous year. the year. c State sector only. 197 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 166 Meat Production a Thousand metric tons OECD United States Australia Canada Japan European Community France Italy Spain United Kingdom West Germany Other countries Argentina Brazil Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe d USSR Eastern Europe Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Other China Cuba f Yugoslavia d a Data are on a carcass weight, bone-in basis, and are for beef, veal, buffalo, pork, mutton, lamb, goat, and poultry where they are produced. Unless otherwise indicated, data exclude horsemeat, rabbit, game, edible offal, and lard. b Non-Communist country data include meat from animals imported for slaughter. 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983b 1984b 1985b 1986b 12,808 22,548 22,986 24,216 23,944 25,007 25,288 25,784 26,095 1,360 2,166 2,469 2,769 2,734 2,626 2,360 2,409 2,562 1,100 2,053 2,156 2,445 2,499 2,429 2,434 2,558 2,537 318c 1,398 2,072 3,002 3,106 3,194 3,310 3,495 3,555 11,000 17,500 20,800 24,800 24,900 25,400 26,000 26,100 26,400 2,646 . 3,814 4,357 5,011 5,111 5,069 5,241 5,168 5,209 1,011 . 2,054 2,360 2,965 3,013 3,432 3,498 3,479 3,426 554c 1,255 1,853 2,312 2,523 2,495 2,507 2,506 2,509 1,719 2,604 2,852 3,073 3,028 3,134 3,198 3,224 3,148 2,694 . 3,749 3,956 5,114 4,944 5,091 5,223 5,214 5,439 2,277 . 3,188 3,103 3,640 3,420 3,148 3,371 3,560 3,649 1,767 . 3,015 3,569 4,472 5,055 5,047 4,248 4,424 4,621 13,900 19,300 24,600 25,700 25,300 26,600 27,600 28,000' 29,000 8,682 12,278 14,968 15,073 15,368 16,449 16,985 17,131 17,700 5,260 7,000 9,660 10,700 9,930 10,100 10,600 10,900 11,300 307 476 657 781 807 837 848 843 826 802 1,098 1,349 1,499 1,413 1,483 1,536 1,547 1,556 1,021 1,348 1,837 1,899 1,835 1,873 1,988 2,077 2,145 816 1,040 1,422 1,566 1,691 1,769 1,846 1,760 1,705 1,751 2,182 3,062 3,148 2,580 2,509 2,526 2,781 3,187 561 857 1,328 1,769 1,602 1,630 1,902 1,911 1,846 NA 5,965 7,970 12,054 13,508 14,021 15,406 17,607 19,180 NA NA NA 412 426 441 463 472 475 824 1,059 1,329 1,519 1,573 1,565 1,678 1,464 1,390 . Including horsemeat. d Data are on a slaughter weight, bone-in basis, and include horsemeat, rabbit, game, edible offal, and slaughter fats in addition to the meats listed in footnote a above. Slaughter weight is roughly 3 percent less than carcass weight because it excludes kidney and leaf fat. As a result of this broader 198 coverage, the meat producton data for the USSR and Eastern Europe are above the level attained if the coverage was limited to that shown for other countries. e Data are for pork, beef, and mutton. r State purchases only. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 167 Milk Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 53,702 53,268 52,314 58,298 61,464 63,354 61,439 65,166 65,680 Australia 6,355 7,712 6,677 5,562 5,415 5,676 6,087 6,205 6,202 Canada 8,385 8,272 7,751 7,855 8,258 8,019 8,096 7,891 8,050 Japan 1,887 4,760 4,963 6,505 6,750 7,036 7,138 7,380 7,525 New Zealand 5,318 5,907 6,142 6,833 6,775 6,879 7,624 7,872 8,042 European Community 86,900 96,800 104,000 111,000 115,000 119,000 124,000 122,000 123,000 Denmark 5,399 4,630 4,918 5,117 5,217 5,427 5,234 5,099 5,400 France 22,652 27,245 29,686 26,859 27,358 27,905 33,918 33,000 33,700 Italy 9,648 8,936 9,385 10,749 10,800 10,580 10,901 10,847 10,650 Netherlands 6,838 8,239 10,221 11,785 12,708 13,231 12,782 12,559 12,800 Spain NA 4,456 5,138 5,871 5,947 6,070 6,438 6,442 6,702 United Kingdom 12,670 12,374 13,934 15,958 16,745 17,300 16,227 16,042 16,000 West Germany 19,250 21,856 21,604 24,778 25,465 26,913 26,151 25,675 26,300 Other countries Argentina 4,530 4,196 5,650 5,301 5,652 5,300 5,200 5,823 6,200 Brazil 5,045 7,722 9,970 10,265 10,100 10,700 12,303 12,580 11,860 India NA 7,630 9,750 13,500 14,900 16,000 17,100 19,000 20,100 Mexico 2,473 3,053 4,980 6,742 9,783 9,573 7,101 7,424 7,550 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 89,500 117,000 128,000 131,000 129,000 137,000 140,000 140,000 144,000 USSR b 61,718 83,016 90,804 90,899 91,044 96,473 97,906 98,608 101,100 Eastern Europe 27,800 33,700 37,600 40,600 38,300 40,900 41,800 41,700 42,600 Bulgaria 745 1,252 1,436 1,830 1,984 2,062 2,103 1,873 1,959 Czechoslovakia 3,830 4,795 5,463 5,909 5,929 6,557 7,140 6,900 7,017 East Germany . 5,730 7,091 8,095 8,321 7,678 8,203 8,729 8,995 9,130 Hungary 1,619 1,682 1,822 2,537 2,760 2,826 2,716 2,631 2,652 Poland 12,501 14,950 16,377 16,499 15,191 15,990 15,750 15,626 15,423 Romania d 3,343 3,912 4,381 5,480 4,758 5,242 5,408 5,717 6,200 Other Cuba. NA 380 591 889 929 948 945 929 925 Yugoslavia 2,283 2,567 3,654 4,342 4,450 4,550 4,570 4,600 4,536 a Whole milk from cows, unless otherwise indicated. b Including milk from sheep, goats, camels, and mares. . In terms of 3.5 percent butterfat content. d Including milk from buffaloes. . State production of pasteurized and raw milk. 199 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 168 Soybean Production Thousand Metric Tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Developed Countries United States 15,113 30,675 42,079 48,772 59,611 44,519 50,645 57,114 54,685 Canada 154 283 367 713 848 735 944 1,048 988 Japan 418 126 126 174 226 217 238 228 228 European Community Italy NA NA 1 NA 9 59 110 283 680 Other Countries Argentina 1 27 485 3,500 4,150 4,000 7,000 6,500 7,300 Brazil 246 1,509 9,892 15,156 12,836 14,582 15,541 18,278 13,276 India NA NA 120 450 491 583 934 1,100 1,300 Indonesia 437 498 563 653 521 568 743 817 890 Mexico NA 280 699 312 648 686 685 740 550 Paraguay NA 30 216 540 830 740 550 950 600 South Korea 130 232 311 216 257 233 226 234 272 Thailand 26 70 114 100 113 172 247 309 331 Communist Countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 168 603 780 525 480 560 469 458 500 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 2 8 80 107 116 82 72 37 40 Romania 12 91 213 448 301 259 407 317 360 Other China 10,160 11,645 12,062 7,966 9,042 9,769 9,705 10,521 11,010 North Korea NA 228 290 340 360 380 400 425 438 Vietnam 3 26 30 32 100 107 67 86 120 Yugoslavia 26 5 30 34 198 210 228 174 200 200 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 169 Coffee Production a Thousand Metric Tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Brazil 1,797 755 1,228 1,061 958 1,665 1,420 1,877 1,004 Cameroon 38 81 87 102 127 68 130 116 114 Colombia 456 570 540 724 861 816 694 678 714 Costa Rica 70 75 79 109 115 130 151 121 138 Dominican Republic 35 42 55 60 63 68 72 72 70 Ecuador 33 78 76 69 84 81 97 121 131 El Salvador 93 129 193 165 146 155 162 156 156 Ethiopia 51 205 174 187 202 220 240 250 260 Guatemala 84 133 129 163 159 153 140 152 174 Honduras 24 34 50 76 72 74 73 84 78 India 67 64 93 150 152 130 105 190 120 Indonesia 92 178 162 295 265 236 315 325 348 Ivory Coast 185 240 270 250 248 271 85 260 280 Kenya 34 59 66 91 87 87 111 97 116 Madagascar 51 67 88 85 81 81 81 82 82 Mexico 123 184 214 208 231 313 240 269 278 Peru 33 65 59 95 90 91 87 93 96 Philippines 32 49 62 145 171 139 122 135 135 Uganda 119 221 213 110 167 172 204 210 220 Zaire NA 81 64 88 84 83 81 92 90 a Green coffee. 201 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 170 Wool Production a Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 146.20 85.02 54.22 47.79 47.61 45.00 43.00 40.00 39.00 Australia 737.20 923.40 793.48 708.51 717.21 702.00 728.00 815.00 819.00 New Zealand 266.50 333.80 294.10 357.00 363.00 371.00 364.00 373.00 350.00 Turkey 43.50 47.15 52.32 61.28 62.08 62.00 51.00 62.00 62.00 European Community 176 145 132 140 143 148 149 155 155 France 29.53 20.35 15.70 22.20 22.20 23.00 24.00 24.00 23.00 Spain 35.10 33.81 22.15 21.29 22.88 24.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 United Kingdom 54.98 46.30 49.30 51.80 49.80 52.00 54.00 58.00 58.00 Other countries Afghanistan NA 27.00 25.00 23.00 23.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 Argentina 221.10 170.00 160.00 152.16 151.94 155.00 153.00 160.00 160.00 Brazil 24.10 31.71 29.10 32.25 30.00 31.00 30.00 30.00 31.00 Chile 23.90 25.50 18.80 20.60 22.00 21.00 21.00 20.00 21.00 India 34.11 36.00 31.00 35.00 37.00 38.00 39.00 40.00 41.00 Pakistan 14.70 19.50 28.33 42.60 40.70 43.00 45.00 48.00 50.00 South Africa b 143.80 145.60 108.20 102.90 110.00 114.00 109.00 105.00 99.00 Uruguay 82.50 79.65 60.77 67.28 78.38 82.00 82.00 91.00 91.00 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 427 507 546 556 568 581 590 571 592 USSR a 356.80 418.90 449.60 443.00 452.10 462.40 465.30 446.60 465.00 Eastern Europe 70.5 88.1 96.7 113 116 118 125 125 127 Bulgaria 21.04 28.81 34.01 35.09 34.89 35.94 36.16 34.00 34.00 Czechoslovakia d 2.50 3.99 3.60 4.20 4.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 East Germany 7.90 6.90 9.70 11.90 12.60 12.10 14.00 13.86 14.40 Hungary 8.20 9.78 8.39 12.14 12.76 12.72 12.00 11.12 10.76 Poland 9.04 8.94 9.45 12.73 12.50 13.21 15.34 16.96 17.35 Romania 21.85 29.72 31.53 37.38 38.60 39.35 42.30 43.68 44.00 Other Yugoslavia 13.55 11.95 10.66 10.07 9.74 9.52 10.00 10.00 10.00 aRaw wool (grease basis) from sheep, which includes both shorn and pulled wool together with the wool element of "wooled sheepskins." b Including data for Lesotho and Namibia. a Physical weight. d Purchases. 202 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 171 Ginned Cotton Production Thousand metric tons 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 3,107 2,219 1,808 2,422 2,605 1,692 2,826 2,925 2,130 Australia NA 19 25 99 101 141 249 257 196 Greece 63 110 130 117 100 128 147 168 196 Turkey 169 400 480 499 488 522 580 516 470 Other countries Argentina 124 85 140 84 111 180 171 114 142 Brazil 425 594 390 615 650 556 970 810 747 Colombia 70 117 121 116 33 77 125 113 94 Egypt 478 509 382 529 460 400 399 432 407 Guatemala 21 57 102 125 46 61 68 41 24 India 1,008 954 1,160 1,326 1,376 1,278 1,725 1,955 1,611 Iran 99 154 139 63 93 91 111 104 106 Mexico 457 312 197 353 183 226 272 208 139 Nicaragua 33 78 109 77 79 76 70 51 37 Pakistan 304 542 514 715 822 468 1,008 1,200 1,309 Sudan 114 245 108 96 199 218 196 147 170 Syria 111 150 158 118 158 193 153 162 131 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,480 2,360 2,540 2,960 2,680 2,620 NA NA NA USSR 1,458 2,343 2,524 2,959 2,673 2,607 2,586 2,625 2,654 Eastern Europe a 23 15 14 5 5 6 NA NA NA Bulgaria 23 15 13 5 5 6 NA NA NA Romania NA NA 1 NEGL NEGL NEGL NA NA NA Other China 1,063 2,277 2,381 2,707 3,598 4,637 6,258 4,147 3,540 Yugoslavia a 2 4 2 NEGL 1 1 1 1 NA a Data are for the crop year beginning 1 August of the stated year. 203 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 172 Chemical Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content b Kilograms per hectare of arable land a 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States 38.9 80.9 90.0 112.7 102.0 86.7 104.5 103.8 94.1 Australia 21.2 22.2 15.9 27.8 26.5 23.7 24.2 24.4 25.6 Canada 8.6 18.5 29.8 42.2 42.1 43.7 48.7 51.7 51.7 Japan NA 372.6 319.3 372.1 387.2 412.1 437.0 438.5 426.6 Turkey 1.5 15.7 29.8 51.1 45.5 53.5 58.1 53.8 50.1 European Community Belgium-Luxembourg NA 564.8 540.4 533.9 498.2 520.6 546.7 535.6 522.1 Denmark 151.1 223.4 239.4 236.4 233.0 246.2 263.9 246.9 317.5 France 102.4 243.5 246.7 300.8 299.0 299.3 311.6 308.8 304.3 Greece NA 86.1 119.0 134.2 146.9 160.6 161.1 163.9 174.5 Ireland 124.8 365.0 410.7 618.2 609.4 643.8 697.3 697.3 647.9 Italy 51.5 89.6 121.0 169.8 165.5 161.4 168.9 172.8 170.2 Netherlands 456.1 749.3 750.7 788.8 772.7 738.1 788.8 795.7 806.1 Portugal NA 34.2 67.6 73.0 77.4 72.0 65.5 62.9 70.5 Spain 31.6 59.3 69.3 81.1 67.2 72.5 71.0 79.8 82.1 United Kingdom 183.3 259.9 262.9 293.6 328.8 364.7 374.6 373.2 385.7 West Germany 266.2 399.6 385.5 471.2 418.4 435.0 421.1 399.0 427.7 Other countries Brazil NA 28.3 52.3 59.1 37.6 36.5 30.7 46.3 43.5 India 2.3 13.2 16.5 30.9 34.0 34.6 39.4 47.5 50.9 Egypt NA 113.2 175.1 271.4 286.8 334.6 360.5 340.9 382.6 Argentina NA 2.6 1.6 3.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.0 South Africa NA 38.6 52.1 77.9 90.5 83.1 64.9 71.0 65.0 Israel NA 140.1 170.7 191.9 180.4 178.3 183.1 196.3 205.1 204 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 172 (continued) Chemical Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content b Kilograms per hectare of arable land a 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR a d 11.2 44.3 74.3 80.9 82.6 86.7 98.7 99.1 108.9 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 33.8 141.1 156.5 198.4 250.6 250.1 243.7 226.3 208.7 Czechoslovakia a 91.4 240.4 314.7 334.7 332.7 336.9 343.5 338.3 335.6 East Germany 197.4 310.7 361.5 325.2 344.1 281.5 290.1 315.3 327.5 Hungary 29.5 149.7 276.3 262.4 279.3 288.5 299.8 288.1 252.9 Poland 49.0 167.8 242.4 234.8 225.2 213.4 231.4 221.7 230.6 Romania 8.1 56.5 114.0 116.5 154.0 159.1 157.7 148.2 157.9 Other Albania NA 78.8 100.6 122.3 115.3 155.0 144.6 132.0 NA China e 4.6 27.5 44.7 86.7 92.0 104.5 115.3 120.6 123.6 North Korea NA 165.0 NA 326.0 349.0 338.0 345.0 355.0 360.0 Yugoslavia 27.9 77.0 89.6 104.5 128.4 119.9 117.8 125.0 127.0 a Including land under temporary crops, gardens, fallow or idle land, and permanent crops such as orchards and vine- yards, unless otherwise indicated. b Data are "fertilizer years"-in general, the year beginning 1 July. a Including phosphate rock; excluding livestock phosphates. Data indicate the quantity supplied to agriculture. d Arable land is total area less pasture and hayland. a Sown area is used because of extensive multiple cropping. 205 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 173 Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content a Thousand metric tons of N 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States 2,749 7,379 9,445 10,817 9,964 8,280 10,063 10,436 9,473 Canada 91 292 556 914 966 1,002 1,157 1,255 1,280 Japan 753 872 653 614 643 683 701 697 694 Turkey 25 243 482 807 799 863 1,021 955 916 European Community 2,860 5,790 6,970 8,640 8,550 8,850 9,070 9,270 9,380 France 565 1,453 1,708 2,146 2,193 2,196 2,320 2,337 2,408 Italy 323 594 724 1,006 988 968 996 1,017 1,026 Spain 275 578 722 902 818 799 808 915 901 United Kingdom 463 801 1,045 1,240 1,386 1,560 1,601 1,580 1,568 West Germany 618 1,131 1,228 1,551 1,323 1,465 1,378 1,452 1,517 Other countries India 296 1,487 1,909 3,522 3,882 4,043 4,627 5,333 5,658 Mexico 155 438 732 904 1,112 1,255 1,088 1,193 1,320 Pakistan NA 252 444 844 833 953 914 935 1,128 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe b 1,600 7,520 11,400 12,600 12,900 13,600 14,900 14,700 15,500 USSR 769 4,605 7,339 8,262 8,383 9,038 10,292 10,279 10,950 Eastern Europe 832 2,920 4,060 4,370 4,540 4,560 4,660 4,370 4,510 Bulgaria 101 379 380 450 518 536 550 479 474 Czechoslovakia 143 413 532 675 615 646 682 692 671 East Germany 235 511 678 752 750 607 694 697 770 Hungary 75 391 536 537 563 647 625 626 558 Poland 251 785 1,143 1,344 1,213 1,245 1,322 1,239 1,337 Romania 27 438 788 609 882 884 783 641 703 Other Albania 5 27 36 68 72 71 73 75 NA China 614 3,923 6,116 12,112 11,528 12,211 13,679 14,800 12,049 North Korea NA 270 414 550 564 564 583 590 NA Yugoslavia 109 294 360 417 477 463 443 469 477 a Data are "fertilizer years"-in general, the year beginning b Data indicate the quantity supplied to agriculture. 1 July. 206 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 174 Phosphate Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content a Thousand metric tons of P20, 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States 2,488 4,358 4,742 4,930 4,367 3,754 4,446 4,210 3,770 Australia 572 743 490 853 754 730 773 731 784 Canada 169 326 503 634 636 652 713 728 700 Japan 491 656 623 690 701 721 765 777 741 New Zealand 225 321 386 338 326 330 375 380 335 Turkey 12 176 389 619 489 565 618 555 486 European Community 3,150 4,930 4,440 4,920 4,590 4,590 4,680 4,620 4,510 France 877 1,809 1,664 1,773 1,677 1,631 1,679 1,580 1,466 Italy 379 518 490 748 706 657 682 719 710 Spain 279 432 422 476 340 422 398 436 483 United Kingdom 426 543 391 404 445 464 474 469 439 West Germany 652 913 780 837 753 740 745 732 737 Other countries Brazil 77 377 1,014 1,988 1,318 1,210 992 1,541 1,312 India 56 462 374 1,091 1,172 1,201 1,372 1,814 2,055 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,800 5,150 7,530 8,520 8,920 8,760 9,330 9,520 10,400 USSR b c 1,088 3,133 4,728 5,590 5,879 6,115 6,454 6,625 7,615 Eastern Europe c 716 2,020 2,800 2,930 3,040 2,650 2,880 2,900 2,820 Bulgaria 50 235 250 291 409 361 345 355 287 Czechoslovakia 150 325 456 495 494 479 529 524 537 East Germany 218 410 441 389 374 304 333 330 318 Hungary 66 217 429 390 398 392 410 431 336 Poland 180 595 887 885 817 826 900 885 900 Romania 52 235 338 476 551 288 360 371 444 Other Albania 2 18 25 17 6 29 25 18 18 China b 99 330 693 2,744 2,931 3,209 3,729 3,625 3,109 North Korea NA 50 161 127 130 129 130 130 NA Yugoslavia 71 182 197 209 268 235 241 255 261 a Data are "fertilizer years"-in general, the year beginning b Data are for soluble phosphate fertilizers and for ground c Data indicate the quantity supplied to agriculture. 1 July. phosphate rock used for direct application. 207 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 175 Potassium Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content a Thousand metric tons of K,0 1960 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States 1,967 3,839 4,726 5,733 5,108 4,383 5,259 4,999 4,561 Japan 600 610 525 512 535 581 632 631 613 European Community 2,960 4,230 3,950 4,560 4,440 4,590 4,720 4,260 4,600 France 750 1,389 1,314 1,689 1,700 1,744 1,834 1,863 1,821 Italy 104 225 276 357 363 379 386 376 344 Spain 95 206 258 284 219 264 250 286 300 United Kingdom 450 535 384 410 470 521 542 541 517 West Germany 1,006 1,185 1,099 1,144 1,055 1,042 1,014 988 932 Other countries Brazil 107 306 558 1,307 767 876 727 1,074 1,059 India 28 228 � 227 618 670 622 629 846 854 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,830 5,000 8,660 7,890 8,260 8,080 9,290 9,260 9,850 USSR b 766 2,574 5,176 4,904 4,905 4,991 6,200 6,167 6,822 Eastern Europe 1,060 2,420 3,480 2,990 3,350 3,090 3,090 3,090 3,030 Bulgaria 6 25 50 89 117 141 114 103 103 Czechoslovakia 217 489 670 560 611 617 565 533 527 East Germany 497 614 707 496 602 496 424 550 550 Hungary 27 229 553 472 524 490 551 467 444 Poland 313 1,036 1,431 1,270 1,315 1,111 1,202 1,157 1,176 Romania 3 28 71 101 185 237 230 278 227 Other Albania 1 2 2 4 3 8 5 1 1 China 0 12 112 478 693 616 810 770 804 Yugoslavia 103 156 163 198 265 242 236 252 254 a Data are "fertilizer years"-in general, the year beginning 1 July. b Data indicate the quantity supplied to agriculture. 208 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 176 Grain Yields Kilograms per hectare 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Developed countries United States 2,467 3,043 3,157 3,461 3,774 4,374 3,542 4,380 4,768 4,706 Australia 1,299 974 1,219 1,414 1,052 875 1,647 1,609 1,459 1,576 Canada 1,495 1,730 2,106 2,051 2,167 2,486 2,208 2,035 2,236 2,626 Japan 4,115 4,398 5,123 5,932 4,841 5,308 5,300 5,958 5,849 5,899 South Africa 1,011 916 1,132 1,473 1,557 1,493 955 1,103 1,551 1,602 European Community France 2,524 3,107 3,380 3,694 4,852 5,009 4,951 5,974 5,750 5,243 Italy 1,828 2,399 2,755 3,347 3,521 3,585 3,526 3,927 3,767 3,857 United Kingdom 3,132 3,751 3,569 3,812 4,944 5,438 5,421 6,592 5,592 6,054 West Germany 3,189 2,820 3,337 4,016 4,429 4,858 4,562 5,303 5,283 5,292 Other countries Argentina 1,336 1,403 1,775 1,956 1,871 2,440 2,305 2,552 2,434 2,539 Bangladesh t� 1,674 1,673 1,832 2,006 1,996 2,059 2,147 2,211 2,323 Brazil 1,340 1,428 1,409 1,380 1,576 1,545 1,615 1,677 1,828 1,645 Burma 1,563 1,573 1,605 1,700 2,586 2,955 2,911 2,899 2,894 2,925 Egypt NA 3,776 3,912 3,978 4,135 4,204 4,322 4,076 4,651 4,687 India 934 865 1,135 1,261 1,350 1,346 1,564 1,564 1,606 1,620 Indonesia 1,542 1,560 1,989 2,306 2,865 3,330 3,318 3,378 3,512 _ 3,485 Mexico 1,020 1,295 1,518 1,670 2,157 2,357 2,174 1,978 2,172 2,096 Pakistan 1,247 a 887 1,230 1,391 1,610 1,637 1,675 1,545 1,609 1,797 Philippines 937 1,045 1,334 1,321 1,583 1,697 1,750 1,781 1,874 1,902 Thailand 1,398 1,785 2,038 1,894 1,931 1,923 2,050 2,119 2,138 1,941 Zimbabwe NA 1,344 1,232 1,836 1,166 1,148 602 884 1,822 1,674 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 1,117 944 1,569 1,103 1,499 1,459 1,629 1,446 1,634 1,796 Eastern Europe Hungary 1,997 2,323 2,544 3,896 4,808 5,178 4,734 5,401 5,158 4,954 Poland 1,613 1,900 1,946 2,487 2,337 2,615 2,726 2,990 2,894 2,996 Romania 1,389 1,862 1,802 2,445 3,123 3,709 3,240 3,761 3,667 4,034 Other China 2,698 1,615 1,769 2,074 2,947 3,466 3,726 3,961 3,835 3,874 Vietnam NA 1,954 b 2,095 b 2,213 2,085 2,394 2,535 2,639 2,693 2,761 Yugoslavia 1,962 2,060 2,374 3,184 3,633 4,018 3,938 4,218 3,746 4,372 a Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan. b Including North Vietnam and South Vietnam. 209 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Transportation Page Tables 177-178. Railroad Freight 212-213 Tables 179-180. Motor Vehicle Freight 214-215 Tables 181-182. Inland Water Freight 216-217 Table 183. Ocean Freight 218 Table 184. Air Passengers 218 Table 185. Air Freight 219 Table 186. Civil Aircraft Inventory 219 Tables 187-188. Petroleum Pipelines 220 Table 189. Mainline Locomotive Inventory 221 Table 190. Railroad Freight Car Inventory 222 Table 191. Fishing Fleet Inventory 223 Table 192. Merchant Fleet Inventory 224-225 Table 193. Tanker Fleet Inventory 226-227 Table 194. Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger 228-234 211 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 177 Railroad Freight a Billion metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 868.5 1,141.0 1,122.7 1,350.0 1,172.0 1,216.8 1,353.7 1,288.3 1,284.6 Canada 95.5 158.0 197.2 228.1 203.7 219.8 244.5 232.01 234.5 Japan 53.4 63.4 47.1 39.3 31.3 29.1 23.2 22.1 20.7 European Community 175 213 180 197 176 175 178 184 NA France 56.9 70.4 64.0 69.5 61.2 59.4 60.1 58.5 53.9 Italy c 15.9 18.0 14.9 18.4 16.9 16.8 17.9 18.0 17.3 United Kingdom a 30.5 26.8 20.9 17.6 15.9 17.1 12.5 15.7 16.0 West Germany 52.3 71.3 55.1 65.3 57.3 55.9 59.8 63.9 61.1 Other countries India . f 87.8 127.4 148.2 157.1 174.4 175.8 172.5 196.5 206.2 South Africa . g 30.8 57.2 61.9 96.5 90.5 77.8 90.3 92.6 91.5 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 1,690 2,780 3,590 3,820 3,820 3,960 4,010 4,090 NA USSR 1,504.3 2,494.7 3,236.5 3,439.9 3,464.5 3,600.1 3,638.8 3,718.4 3,835.0 Eastern Europe 187 284 354 381 351 360 370 368 NA Bulgaria 7.0 13.9 17.3 17.7 18.3 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 Czechoslovakia 47.4 61.0 69.3 72.6 71.6 73.1 74.0 73.6 NA East Germany 32.9 41.5 49.7 56.4 54.0 54.9 56.7 58.7 NA Hungary 13.3 19.8 23.5 24.4 23.3 23.1 22.8 22.3 22.6 Poland 66.5 99.3 129.2 134.7 112.7 118.0 123.5 120.6 121.8 Romania 19.8 48.0 64.8 75.5 71.1 72.3 75.2 74.2 NA Other China 276.7 349.6 425.6 571.2 612.0 664.6 724.8 812.6 876.0 North Korea 9.1 14.3 24.3 33.5 40.3 39.6 40.7 NA NA Excluding urban systems; plantation, forest, mine, indus- trial plant, underground, funicular, and cable railroads; and short lines of little importance. Unless otherwise indicated, data are for the state or principal railroad system and include all goods and livestock carried during the calendar year and exclude service traffic, mail, and nonrevenue government stores. Freight traffic carried on more than one railroad line within a country is counted only once. Foreign trade freight traffic carried through more than one country, however, is counted in each country. Data for the United States include express and mail and are specifically for revenue and nonrevenue freight traffic for a more realistic comparison with Soviet methods of reporting. b Including secondary or private railroads operating as com- mon carriers. 212 . Excluding livestock. d Excluding data for Northern Ireland. e Including mail and passenger baggage. Data are for the year beginning 1 April of the stated year. r Including service traffic. g Including Namibia. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 178 Railroad Freight a Million metric tons carried OECD United States b Canada b European Community France United Kingdom a West Germany b d Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR Eastern Europe 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1,180.5 1,426.3 1,368.5 1,645.0 1,426.0 1,481.0 1,647.0 1,567.0 1,562.0 161.2 211.2 252.4 278.0 248.0 268.0 298.0 283.0 286.0 227.0 260.0 228.0 229.0 202.0 195.0 198.0 193.0 178.0 253.1 209.0 176.0 150.0 135.0 146.0 106.0 134.0 137.0 429.2 392.6 328.7 367.0 322.0 314.0 336.0 359.0 344.0 2,820 4,140 5,080 5,290 5,220 5,370 5,470 5,500 NA Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary a Poland Romania Other China Cuba North Korea a Excluding urban systems; plantation, forest, mine, indus- trial plant, underground, funicular, and cable railroads; and short lines of little importance. Unless otherwise indicated, data are for the state or principal railroad system and include all goods and livestock carried during the calendar year and exclude service traffic, mail, and nonrevenue 1,884.9 2,896.0 3,621.1 3,728.0 3,725.0 3,850.6 3,909.5 3,951.0 4,078.0 931 1,240 1,460 1,560 1,490 1,520 1,560 1,540 NA 38.4 68.2 78.8 77.8 83.9 82.6 83.4 82.9 85.0 194.1 236.9 271.4 286.0 288.9 292.1 299.0 293.2 NA 237.8 262.9 289.0 311.6 322.5 325.6 337.4 347.9 NA 96.0 117.4 131.7 129.8 127.0 123.8 121.7 117.4 119.0 286.9 382.3 464.2 482.1 402.1 414.5 425.5 419.4 430.7 77.5 171.3 228.3 274.6 270.5 280.0 289.3 283.4 NA NA 681.3 889.6 1,112.8 1,135.3 1,187.8 1,240.7 1,307.1 NA NA 11.7 10.9 14.1 18.2 17.7 18.4 18.4 18.4 38.5 68.0 106.4 152.3 183.2 180.0 185.0 NA NA government stores. Freight traffic carried on more than one railroad line within a country is counted only once. Foreign trade freight traffic carried through more than one country, however, is counted in each country. Data for the United States are in tons originated, thus giving a more realistic comparison with European methods of reporting. 213 b Including secondary or private railroads operating as com- mon carriers. a Including data for Northern Ireland. d Including service traffic. a Including performance of railroads owned jointly by Hun- gary and Austria within Hungary. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 179 Motor Vehicle Freight Billion metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 323.85 675.85_ 744.75 910.43 853.01 943.23 994.08 1,000.64 1,043.30 Japan 20.80 135.92 129.70 178.90 187.72 193.53 200.81 205.94 211,97 Communist countries b USSR and Eastern Europe 117 278 433, 558 596 595 583 579 NA USSR 98.52 220.83 337.93 432.10 485.30 485.80 475.10 476.16 NA Eastern Europe 18.8 57.0 94.7 126 111 109 108 NA NA Bulgaria 2.04 7.90 12.39 15.89 16.73 16.94 17.12 18.72 NA Czechoslovakia 5.11 10.09 15.02 21.33 20.96 20.64 20.91 21.50 NA East Germany 5.00 12.23 16.69 21.02 16.24 15.38 14.49 15.06 NA Hungary NA 5.82 8.73 11.40 11.88 11.95 11.95 NA NA Poland 5.69 15.76 32.60 44.55 34.02 35.47 36.58 36.59 38.90 Romania 0.94 5.16 9.29 11.76 11.15 8.26 7.30 6.00 NA Other China 13.20 13.80 20.30 76.40c 94.90 c 108.40c 153.60c 177.00c 203.20c a Total traffic for all urban streets and rural roads. b Including traffic by state automotive transport organiza- tions and by cooperatives; branch enterprises; and transport units of industries, plants, offices, and the like. c Including freight carried in vehicles by all sectors. 214 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 180 Motor Vehicle Freight a Million metric tons carried 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 9,920 17,800 25,900 30,100 31,700 31,600 30,700 NA NA USSR 8,493 14,623 20,914 24,149 26,500 26,400 25,600 25,800 NA Eastern Europe 1,430 3,170 4,970 5,980 5,200 5,180 5,120 NA NA Bulgaria 128 493 724 816 880 907 914 874 NA Czechoslovakia 428 703 997 1,235 1,281 1,266 1,258 1,238 NA East Germany 270 464 588 730 608 584 561 555 NA Hungary 135 407 501 584 578 562 554 NA NA Poland 408 863 1,743 2,168 1,379 1,397 1,420 1,394 NA Romania 57 240 419 451 479 469 418 362 NA Other China 708 568 725 760 787 791 789 762 NA Cuba b NA 24 47 70 80 76 74 75 74 a Including traffic by state automotive transport organiza- tions and by cooperatives; branch enterprises; and transport units of industries, plants, offices, and the like. b State transport only. 215 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 181 Inland Water Freight Billion metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 123.00 229.21 265.16 334.25 318.48 331.02 356.25 341.36 339.14 European Community France 10.77 14.18 11.90 12.15 10.19 9.45 8.90 NA NA Netherlands 20.02 30.74 29.60 33.48 31.39 32.30 33.59 NA NA West Germany 40.39 48.81 47.56 51.44 49.40 49.09 52.00 NA NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 107 186 235 260 277 287 280 276 NA USSR 99.60 173.98 221.71 244.90 262.40 273.20 264.30 261.50 255.40 Eastern Europe 7.67 11.9 12.8 14.9 14.5 14.2 15.5 14.3 NA Bulgaria 0.62 1.83 2.39 2.61 2.54 2.33 2.64 2.04 2.43 Czechoslovakia 1.96 2.43 2.58 3.59 3.78 3.92 4.43 4.36 4.93 East Germany 2.25 2.36 2.36 2.16 2.29 2.42 2.64 2.43 2.89 Hungary 1.08 1.60 1.47 1.87 1.73 1.74 1.81 1.62 NA Poland 0.90 2.36 1.95 2.33 1.57 1.45 1.44 1.41 1.62 Romania 0.86 1.35 2.08 2.35 2.56 2.30 2.50 2.41 NA a Internal, intraport, and local water traffic, excluding Great Lakes traffic. For 1985, coastwise and foreign trade traffic within US waters together amounted to 105 billion metric ton-kilometers. In the same year, traffic on the Great Lakes amounted to 71 billion metric ton-kilometers of domestic trade and 40 billion metric ton-kilometers of US foreign trade. 216 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 182 Inland Water Freight Million metric tons carried 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 358.56 502.22 528.17 570.77 518.05 508.28 565.73 552.40 548.80 European Community France 68.05 110.35 94.58 92.20 76.41 71.95 68.89 NA NA Netherlands 149.67 241.44 235.80 269.27 241.13 247.23 256.85 NA NA West Germany 171.36 240.00 227.30 240.98 221.90 223.94 236.48 NA NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 235 395 524 638 669 673 692 704 NA USSR 210.32 357.80 475.50 568.10 604.50 606.70 619.10 633.00 649.00 Eastern Europe 24.9 36.8 48.7 69.81 64.5 66.2 72.9 71.3 NA Bulgaria 1.56 3.69 4.41 4.94 4.98 4.78 4.90 4.00 4.52 Czechoslovakia 3.53 4.46 5.65 10.46 11.39 11.86 13.37 13.33 14.13 East Germany 12.63 13.66 14.59 16.30 16.83 17.47 18.70 17.70 21.05 Hungary 2.30 2.78 3.04 3.52 3.42 3.23 3.25 3.30 NA Poland 2.95 8.84 14.89 22.25 13.71 14.28 15.45 14.54 14.88 Romania 1.91 3.40 6.10 12.34 14.20 14.56 17.20 18.40 NA Other Cuba b NA 0.93 c 4.83 d 5.25 d 5.24 5.62 5.77 5.51 5.50 a Internal, intraport, and local water traffic, excluding Great Lakes traffic. C Transported by Flota Propia. a Transported by Flota Propia and companion boats. b Coastal freight. 217 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 183 Ocean Freight a Billion metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 189 922 1,150 1,340 1,250 1,340 1,380 1,330 NA USSR b 131.5 656.1 736.3 848.2 834.5 891.7 933.0 905.0 967.8 Eastern Europe 57.7 266 410 491 417 444 449 423 NA Bulgaria e 2.5 38.9 42.2 62.5 59.1 61.2 60.5 56.5 60.3 Czechoslovakia 7.5 10.5 12.0 12.4 14.1 13.6 14.1 14.2 NA East Germany e 10.5 69.7 79.7 70.7 55.7 65.3 66.0 64.1 NA Hungary a 1.3 2.7 4.0 7.6 7.9 8.0 9.2 8.8 8.4 Poland e 34.8 106.6 206.1 257.4 191.7 197.1 193.4 176.1 172.7 Romania 1.1 37.5 66.3 80.3 88.1 98.3 106.1 103.4 NA Unless otherwise indicated, data are for international shipping and include the performance of ships of less than 1,000 gross register tons. b Including Caspian Sea, Danube River, and domestic coast- al and intercoastal traffic. e Including coastal traffic. d Including Danube River traffic. e Possibly excluding the performance of some ships flying the Polish flag but under control of the Chinese-Polish Shipbrokers Corporation. Table 184 Air Passengers Billion passenger-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 62.5 212.0 262.0 405.9 404.3 423.8 465.9 498.8 522.8 Canada 4.3 15.4 25.0 36.2 32.3 31.5 34.2 35.3 NA Japan 1.1 15.0 30.1 50.9 55.4 55.6 61.1 63.7 NA European Community France 5.2 13.6 23.3 34.1 37.6 38.3 38.5 39.3 38.1 United Kingdom 7.3 19.0 30.2 56.1 49.2 49.7 50.4 57.3 50.8 Communist countries USSR 12.1 78.2 122.6 160.6 172.5 176.8 184.0 188.4 195.8 a Revenue passenger-kilometers flown on scheduled service of certificated route air carriers. 218 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 185 Air Freight a Million metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States b 1,377 7,277 8,603 10,359 9,963 10,755 11,983 11,661 12,350 Canada 66 425 628 823 912 990 1,126 1,156 NA Japan 24 426 920 . 1,976 d 2,340 d 2,655 d 2,941 d 3,127 d NA European Community France 152 542 1,086 2,093 2,298 2,597 2,894 2,981 3,100 Netherlands 117 393 617 996 1,086 1,245 1,456 1,485 1,540 United Kingdom 181 617 933 1,544 . 1,382 . 1,528 . 1,858 . 1,982 . 2,010 e West Germany 41 523 974 1,584 1,688 2,042 2,345 2,498 2,840 Communist Countries USSR 563 1,877 2,590 3,090 3,030 3,190 3,280 3,350 3,380 a Express freight, and mail traffic. b Revenue ton-kilometers flown on scheduled service of certificated route air carriers. . Japan Air Lines data only. Japan Air Lines and Japan-Asia Airways. . Excluding airlines based in the UK territories and dependencies. Table 186 Civil Aircraft Inventory a Units United States b Jet Turboprop Piston USSR . Jet Turboprop 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 202 2,136 2,114 2,469 2,504 2,691 2,724 2,989 NA 227 374 260 267 159 204 185 231 NA 1,408 153 114 77 79 78 51 77 NA 191 425 1,080 1,855 1,796 1,830 1,995 2,015 2,180 174 1,238 1,500 1,925 1,700 1,655 1,515 1,600 1,600 a Data exclude light aircraft. No attempt has been made to b Large aircraft only. Data for all cargo operators not . Data basically represent the inventory of Aeroflot-the standardize comparisons of the US and Soviet aircraft available prior to 1980. This data refers to certificate route Soviet civil airline. inventories in terms of capacity for passenger-cargo carrying carriers, supplementals, commercial operators, and all cargo and/or range capability. operators. 219 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 187 Petroleum Pipelines Billion metric ton-kilometers 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States 333.8 629.2 740.2 858.5 826.3 811.7 829.3 823.4 846.8 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe NA 300 693 1,260 1,340 1,390 1,410 1,350 NA USSR 51.2 281.7 665.9 1,216.0 1,306.8 1,353.1 1,370.3 1,312.5 1,401.3 Eastern Europe NA 18.1 26.7 40.8 37.7 38.7 39.0 39.6 NA Bulgaria 0 0 0 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 NA Czechoslovakia NA 6.4 4.4 10.3 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.5 NA East Germany 0 2.2 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.5 NA Hungary 0.1 0.7 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.8 NA Poland NA 7.0 12.7 17.1 16.6 17.5 17.8 17.0 17.8 Romania 1.0 1.8 2.8 5.2 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.8 NA Table 188 Petroleum Pipelines Million metric tons carried 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 OECD United States a 414.7 784.6 982.6 1,020.0 981.9 964.6 985.4 978.5 1,006.3 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe NA 400 603 772 787 797 799 787.0 NA USSR 129.9 337.9 496.8 626.9 640.9 648.7 648.0 631.0 653.0 Eastern Europe NA 61.8 106 145 146 149 151 156 NA Bulgaria 0 0 0 3.1 16.5 15.6 20.1 21.6 NA Czechoslovakia NA 13.4 b 14.9 b 21.5 19.2 19.1 16.5 19.1 NA East Germany 0 15.4 32.1 41.6 38.8 39.3 37.3 38.3 NA Hungary 1.2 6.3 13.8 15.8 16.5 16.0 16.7 16.7 NA Poland NA 15.4 30.5 40.7 36.7 39.3 39.8 38.7 40.1 Romania 5.6 11.3 14.5 22.5 18.1 19.3 20.6 21.3 NA a Data are for tons originated, thus giving a more realistic comparison with the Communist countries. b Crude petroleum only. 220 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 189 Mainline Locomotive Inventory a Thousand units 1960 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States b 31.18 29.12 30.20 28.86 26.92 c 25.50 c 24.01 c 22.55 c Canada 3.75 3.42 3.98 4.17 3.76 3.62 NA NA Austria 1.48 1.20 1.19 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.22 NA Sweden 1.88 1.58 1.42 1.38 1.29 1.29 1.26 NA Switzerland 1.10 1.33 1.42 1.45 1.45 1.43 1.43 NA European Community 46.6 27.2 25.4 24.5 24.4 23.6 NA NA France 7.96 6.07 5.98 6.06 6.04 5.99 5.90 NA Italy 5.28 3.58 3.63 3.72 3.84 3.71 NA NA Spain 3.64 1.70 1.14 1.21 1.23 1.30 1.38 NA United Kingdom 16.05 4.45 3.86 3.53 3.23 3.06 2.92 NA West Germany 10.44 8.05 7.65 7.10 7.02 6.85 6.68 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 55.8 47.8 58.0 66.4 NA NA NA NA USSR 34.00 28.90 37.13 45.95 50.60 NA NA NA Eastern Europe 21.8 18.8 20.9 20.5 NA NA 20.3 NA Bulgaria 0.64 0.68 0.64 0.80 0.90 NA 0.96 NA Czechoslovakia 5.23 4.60 4.98 4.27 NA NA 4.64 d NA East Germany 6.00 5.00 5.92 5.62 5.52 NA 5.82 5.62 Hungary 2.46 2.00 1.92 2.40 1.70 d NA 1.69 d NA Poland 5.80 5.07 5.52 5.68 5.13 5.17 5.20 5.18 Romania 1.72 1.50 1.88 1.70 d 2.00 d NA 1.97 1.93 Other China 5.60 6.53 8.63 10.56 11.25 11.73 11.50 12.14 North Korea 0.35 0.49 0.67 0.87 1.00 1.06 1.12 1.17 a Unless otherwise indicated, data are for the state or b Data are for secondary or private railroads operating as principal railroad system and include diesel, diesel-electric, common carriers and include gas turbine locomotives. steam, and electric locomotives. Data are as of the end of the c Class I locomotives only. year. d Does not include steam locomotives. 221 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 190 Railroad Freight Car Inventory a Thousand units 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 OECD United States b 1,945.7 1,806.2 1,803.7 1,755.5 1,741.7 1,616.1 1,570.0 1,513.0 1,447.2 European Community France 362.6 362.3 302.4 283.9 253.1 245.9 239.8 233.8 NA United Kingdom . d 956.0 605.6 383.9 239.7 137.6 87.9 69.8 59.5 NA West Germany 309.6 329.5 321.0 335.1 334.2 327.0 316.7 311.5 NA Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe USSR 949.0 1,130.0 1,194.0 1,489.0 1,785.0 1,887.0 1,937.0 NA NA Eastern Europe Bulgaria 22.0 33.0 37.8 43.0 NA 22.9 NA 22.9 NA Czechoslovakia 129.3 136.1 135.8 136.0 150.1 NA NA 200.0 NA East Germany 154.3 152.0 150.0 141.8 153.0 149.2 NA 156.0 150.0 Hungary 62.0 73.4 71.4 88.9 131.7 76.4 NA 74.4 NA Poland 249.0 263.9 274.3 305.0 194.9 168.7. 172.1 . 168.5 . 166.0 . Romania 55.5 68.6 86.0 95.0 NA 89.3 NA 89.6 NA Other China f 132.0 143.0 175.0 237.0 290.4 303.9 316.6 291.3 300.9 North Korea f 10.4 15.2 18.0 21.0 26.0 32.0 34.5 36.5 39.0 a Units of two, four, or more axles. Unless otherwise indicat- ed, data refer to both state and private ownership of cars used on the state or principal railroad system. Data are as of the end of the year. Because of the lack of comparability in data, totals for the OECD and the Communist countries are omitted. b Units of four or more axles. . Including secondary or private railroads operating as com- mon carriers. d Excluding privately owned tank cars and including data for Northern Ireland. PKP railroad cars only. f The majority are four-axle units. 222 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 191 Fishing Fleet Inventory a 1970 1975 1980 .1984 1985 1986 Number Thousand GRT b Number Thousand GRT Number Thousand GRT Number Thousand GRT Number Thousand GRT Number Thousand GRT OECD United States 201 74 1,743 398 2,537 524 3,137 627 3,163 638 3,148 643 Japan 2,386 978 3,149 1,217 2,989 1,107 2,958 1,090 2,917 1,080 2,828 1,080 Norway 635 182 621 211 715 240 615 225 589 210 593 223 European Community 3,662 1,303 4,401 1,578 4,246 1,416 3,977 1,286 3,839 1,243 3,814 1,225 France 660 195 620 200 514 170 483 159 481 160 362 132 Netherlands 284 57 392 93 386 94 436 125 432 129 429 130 Portugal 158 110 197 127 172 127 186 124 191 124 192 125 Spain 1,364 433 1,744 552 1,776 558 1,563 492 1,534 488 1,523 482 United Kingdom 577 235 618 236 516 169 340 94 324 86 319 77 West Germany 182 147 147 145 136 117 126 82 115 67 104 44 Communist countries USSR and Eastern Europe 3,428 4,442 4,717 6,563 5,179 7,497 4,168 7,123 4,182 7,270 3,903 7,628 USSR 3,055 3,997 4,219 5,937 4,564 6,678 3,597 6,329 3,628 6,483 3,341 6,847 Eastern Europe 373 445 498 626 615 819 571 794 554 787 562 781 Bulgaria 17 55 34 94 40 110 39 108 39 106 38 103 East Germany 172 136 164 147 171 173 139 154 139 154 138 153 Poland 176 231 270 282 357 354 331 308 325 307 325 305 Romania 8 23 30 103 47 182 62 224 51 220 61 220 Other Cuba 167 66 181 81 264 172 265 168 265 168 265 142 Yugoslavia 3 1 3 1 8 3 13 2 13 2 19 2 a Data are as of midyear. b Gross register tons; excluding ships under 100 GRT. 223 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 192 Merchant Fleet Inventory a 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT World total 17,825 214,069 19,503 325,149 22,353 556,388 23,855 638,080 24,669 646,889 25,010 641,093 Non-Communist countries 16,243 202,277 17,020 303,720 19,222 523,247 20,035 590,670 20,442 589,182 20,685 579,558 OECD 12,440 148,453 12,164 208,962 11,286 316,611 10,971 323,208 9,173 274,404 8,632 247,302 Non-European Community 6,573 80,586 6,291 109,801 5,341 158,533 4,556 145,347 4,280 137,166 4,104 125,059 United States b 2,376 28,283 1,579 21,346 857 17,694 568 20,169 503 20,811 503 20,811 Japan 1,333 16,450 2,109 39,142 2,051 63,238 1,843 57,322 1,695 58,201 1,675 57,541 Norway 1,365 23,538 1,173 32,374 991 47,796 613 36,789 490 26,912 402 18,202 Sweden 443 5,643 366 6,898 324 12,723 258 6,378 232 3,983 212 3,705 Other 1,056 6,672 1,064 10,041 1,118 17,082 1,274 24,689 1,360 27,259 1,312 24,800 European Community 5,867 67,867 5,873 99,161 5,945 158,078 6,415 177,861 4,893 137,238 4,528 122,243 France 542 6,406 457 9,007 444 17,690 354 20,327 293 14,060 273 11,911 Greece. 916 10,388 1,195 18,214 1,804 37,638 2,835 67,067 2,020 59,519 1,681 51,457 Italy 588 6,917 625 9,803 633 16,081 647 17,331 598 14,391 585 11,850 United Kingdom 2,052 26,385 1,772 37,065 1,576 54,913 1,313 45,386 699 24,338 667 24,274 West Germany 843 7,184 993 11,697 611 13,453 470 11,630 455 7,831 505 6,866 Other 926 10,587 831 13,375 877 18,303 796 16,120 828 17,099 817 15,885 Non-OECD countries 3,803 53,824 4,856 94,758 7,936 206,636 9,064 267,462 11,269 314,778 12,053 332,256 Flag of Convenience 1,898 38,341 2,686 72,065 4,675 159,568 4,863 189,477 5,814 196,522 5,859 192,885 Cyprus 21 207 217 1,933 573 4,762 347 2,212 573 12,084 721 15,626 Liberia 1,313 30,906 1,840 60,992 2,546 132,694 2,191 150,058 1,832 120,860 1,688 109,993 Panama 564 7,228 629 9,140 1,556 22,112 2,325 37,207 3,409 63,578 3,450 67,266 Other countries 1,905 15,483 2,170 22,693 3,261 47,068 4,201 77,985 5,455 118,256 6,194 139,371 Brazil 227 1,590 201 2,017 260 4,546 278 7,681 321 9,467 326 10,047 India 210 2,266 242 3,709 308 6,943 365 9,359 374 10,469 359 10,672 Malaysia/Singapore 8 19 99 643 429 8,118 651 12,571 644 13,466 616 13,173 Other 1,460 11,608 1,628 16,324 2,264 27,461 2,907 48,374 4,116 84,854 4,893 105,479 224 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 192 (continued) Merchant Fleet Inventory a 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Communist countries 1,582 11,792 2,483 21,429 3,131 33,141 3,820 47,410 4,227 57,707 4,325 61,535 USSR and Eastern Europe 1,171 9,462 1,939 16,845 2,290 23,337 2,527 30,144 2,551 33,098 2,573 34,119 USSR d 985 7,961 1,395 11,921 1,622 15,044 1,725 18,919 1,757 21,150 1,757 21,150 Eastern Europe 186 1,501 544 4,924 668 8,293 802 11,225 794 11,948 816 12,968 Bulgaria e 60 548 106 948 110 1,228 103 1,617 105 1,784 108 1,821 Czechoslovakia f 9 105 12 138 14 221 16 227 19 275 19 274 East Germany 60 550 130 1,310 146 1,729 158 1,864 150 1,704 148 1,645 Hungary 17 23 16 28 16 67 22 114 19 107 19 107 Poland g 10 105 230 2,000 289 3,866 312 4,705 267 4,145 266 4,692 Romania 30 170 50 500 93 1,182 191 2,698 234 3,933 256 4,429 Other 411 2,330 544 4,584 841 9,804 1,293 17,266 1,676 24,609 1,752 27,416 Albania h 8 44 11 72 11 72 10 74 11 53 11 77 China 190 1,075 269 1,944 495 6,082 870 11,800 1,202 18,173 1,271 20,763 Cuba 31 203 53 428 64 581 78 893 93 991 96 1,004 Yugoslavia 180 1,000 200 2,100 229 2,826 262 3,785 265 4,216 262 4,340 Other 2 8 11 40 42 243 73 714 105 1,176 112 1,232 a Ships of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or more. Data are as of the end of the year. Data for the non-Communist countries include all combination passenger and cargo ships, whereas, unless otherwise indicated, those for the Commu- nist countries exclude passenger ships that have small cargo capacities. b Excluding ships operating only on the Great Lakes and US-owned ships flying the Liberian, Panamanian, and other "flags of convenience." c Excluding Greek-owned ships flying the Liberian, Pana- manian, and other "flags of convenience." d Excluding the Caspian Sea Fleet passenger ships and vessels subordinate to the Ministry of the Fishing Industry. e Before August 1968, a few additional Bulgarian-owned ships were operated under the flags of non-Communist countries. 225 f Until March 1967, an undetermined number of Czechoslo- vak-flag ships were jointly owned with China. g Including some ships flying the Polish flag but under the control of the Chinese-Polish Shipbrokers Corporation. At the end of 1985, there were 13 of these ships. h Data include a number of ships jointly owned by the Chinese-Albanian Joint Stock Shipping Company. Including North Korean and Vietnamese vessels. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 193 Tanker Fleet Inventory a 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT World total 3,533 89,576 4,119 152,450 5,177 301,667 5,439 379,870 5,574 337,983 5,473 313,457 Non-Communist countries 3,290 85,629 3,759 146,555 4,736 292,241 4,910 366,529 4,976 324,210 4,859 299,183 OECD 2,350 58,883 2,528 96,952 2,917 173,746 2,855 197,426 2,497 156,491 2,329 136,212 Non-European Community 1,274 32,365 1,328 48,690 1,469 88,179 1,450 97,251 1,349 85,902 1,255 74,424 United States b 341 7,561 294 7,739 267 9,711 273 15,024 247 15,783 233 15,385 Japan 236 6,965 368 16,036 531 33,950 567 34,486 493 31,541 482 29,636 Norway 467 13,599 363 17,351 332 28,467 273 28,899 247 20,922 191 13,990 Sweden 73 2,098 80 2,887 79 6,524 69 4,087 70 2,151 64 2,049 Other 157 2,142 223 4,677 260 9,527 268 14,755 292 15,505 285 13,364 European Community 1,076 26,518 1,200 48,262 1,448 85,567 1,405 100,175 1,148 70,589 1,074 61,788 France 157 3,682 135 5,799 154 13,190 120 16,632 90 10,280 83 8,432 Greece c 129 2,970 216 7,714 345 15,557 422 27,997 315 24,751 261 21,220 Italy 143 2,872 198 4,585 236 7,953 247 11,758 233 9,234 224 6,689 United Kingdom 441 11,562 434 20,863 459 32,869 426 30,733 266 . 15,341 263 16,157 West Germany 48 1,295 59 2,956 83 5,627 67 5,353 89 3,115 86 2,207 Other 158 4,137 158 6,345 171 10,371 123 7,702 155 7,868 157 7,083 Non-OECD countries 940 26,746 1,231 49,603 1,819 118,495 2,055 169,103 2,479 167,719 2,530 162,971 Flag of Convenience 686 23,310 916 42,708 1,299 100,554 1,252 130,445 1,368 114,762 1,376 107,947 Cyprus 1 13 13 214 47 860 21 194 76 6,302 102 7,421 Liberia 534 19,018 730 36,802 1,014 89,470 943 116,018 761 87,343 701 77,991 Panama 151 4,279 173 5,692 238 10,224 288 14,233 531 21,117 573 22,535 OPEC 38 571 42 1,315 82 4,245 206 12,740 305 15,228 320 14,843 Iraq 0 0 0 0 10 380 22 2,164 18 1,415 18 1,384 Kuwait 3 161 6 787 7 1,150 22 2,613 31 2,505 34 3,330 Libya 0 0 0 0 5 410 14 1,506 12 1,413 12 1,348 Venezuela 14 284 16 372 15 440 13 - 409 24 876 22 800 Other 21 126 20 156 45 1,865 135 6,047 220 9,019 234 7,981 Other Non-OPEC 216 2,865 273 5,580 438 13,696 597 25,918 806 37,729 834 40,181 Brazil 46 604 45 810 53 944 74 5,032 89 5,454 94 5,739 India 8 217 13 510 25 1,510 47 3,467 62 4,086 68 4,397 Other 162 2,044 215 4,260 360 11,242 476 17,419 655 28,189 672 30,045 226 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 193 (continued) Tanker Fleet Inventory a 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Number Thousand DWT Communist countries 243 3,947 360 5,895 441 9,426 529 13,341 598 13,773 614 14,274 USSR and Eastern Europe 212 3,562 301 5,108 331 6,975 361 10,081 400 10,225 400 10,154 USSR d 184 3,125 265 4,389 280 4,796 310 7,537 359 8,274 361 8,266 Eastern Europe 28 437 36 719 51 2,179 51 2,544 41 1,951 39 1,888 Bulgaria 11 160 18 267 20 472 18 549 15 506 15 506 East Germany 10 144 9 288 16 612 12 427 9 225 7 162 Poland 5 95 5 95 8 665 13 982 9 538 9 538 Romania 2 38 4 69 7 430 8 586 8 682 8 682 Other 31 385 59 787 110 2,451 168 3,260 198 3,548 214 4,120 China 19 135 38 375 80 1,916 132 2,513 165 2,640 180 3,103 Cuba 2 5 3 26 6 75 11 111 13 116 13 116 Yugoslavia 10 245 15 380 14 378 13 434 10 417 11 526 Other e 3 6 10 82 12 202 10 375 10 375 Tankers and whaling tankers of 1,000 gross registered tons (GRT) or more. Data are as of the end of the year and include specialized oil and chemical tankers and some combination carriers (oil/dry bulk carriers). For the pur- poses of this table, the tonnage is converted to deadweight (DWT). b Excluding ships operating only on the Great Lakes and US-owned ships flying the Liberian, Panamanian, and other "flags of convenience." c Excluding Greek-owned ships flying the Liberian, Pana- manian, and other "flags of convenience." 227 d Excluding the Caspian Sea Fleet and tankers assigned to the Ministry of the Fishing Industry. Including North Korean and Vietnamese vessels. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) OECD OECD (continued) Australia Dampier 275 Italy (cont.) Bari 239 Port Hedland 227 Falconare 263 Port Walcott 279 Fiumicino 285 Sidney 273 Genoa 300 Canada Seven Islands 275 Imperia 239 St. John 357 La Spezia 255 Vancouver 238 Livorno 269 Victoria 238 Mililli 263 Denmark Skaw 259 Multedo 255 Finland Skoldvik 259 Oristano 239 France Antifer 555 Palermo 255 Brest 319 Porto Empedocle 239 Cherbourg 358 Priolo 285 Donges 282 Ravenna 239 Dunkirk 271 Sarroch 255 Fossurmer 361 Savona 241 Lauera 259 Taranto 275 Le Havre 362 Venice 239 Marseilles 255 Japan Aioi 279 Port De Bouc 239 Buckner Bay 230 Port Vendres 239 Chiba 285 Sete 281 Fukuoca 238 Ushant 363 Fukuyama 290 Greece Agiori Theodoroi 339 Hakata 238 Pachia Ammos 555 Heianza Island 290 Patras 239 Himeji 267 Piraeus 555 Hirohata 279 Ireland Dublin 273 Ishinomaki 210 Italy Augusta 318 Kagoshima 238 Augusta Bay 291 Kashima 279 228 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) OECD OECD (continued) Japan (cont.) Kawasaki 234 Japan (cont.) Wakamutsu 276 Kiire 484 Yokkaichi 276 Kisarazu 306 Yokohama 290 Kobe 273 Netherlands Amsterdam 239 Kure 306 Europort 424 Kyushu 238 Flushing 290 Mizushima 258 Hook of Holland 269 Muroran 261 Ouderkerk 274 Mutsure 238 Pernis 363 Nagasaki 258 Rotterdam 390 Nagoya 286 Ymuiden 275 Nakagusuku 225 Norway Aalesund 422 Naoetsu 238 Bergen 290 Oita 306 Holmestrand 290 Okinawa 290 Naruik 270 Osaka 232 Vestnes 555 Sakai 285 Volda 259 Sakaide 239 Portugal Aveiro 239 Sasebo 279 Lisbon 555 Shimizu 234 Madeira 228 Shimotsu 275 Setubal 323 Shiogama 236 Sines 323 Tachibana Bay 232 St. Michaels 275 Toba 261 St. Vincent Po 230 Tobata 275 Spain Algeciras 422 Tokuyama 237 Bilbao 311 Tokyo 306 Cadiz 285 Toma Komai 285 Ceuta 275 Ube 268 Corunna 228 Uraga 380 Europa Point 273 229 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) OECD OECD (continued) Spain (cont.) Ferrol 230 United Kingdom (cont.) Immingham 285 La Coruna 363 Lock Striven 318 Las Palmas 408 Lyme Bay 318 Malaga 285 Milford Haven 283 Santa Cruz De Tene 269 Moray Firth 284 Tarragona 318 Newhaven 285 Tenerife 409 Pembroke Dock 273 Valencia 239 Shell Haven 318 Sweden Brofjorden 282 Solent Anchorage 269 Gothnburg 318 Southampton 280 Rorvik SW 278 Sullum Voe 318 Turkey Ceyhan Terminal 293 United States Cape Flattery 238 United Kingdom Amlwch 318 Cape Henry 274 Angle Bay 285 Colombia River 268 Angleoev 285 Coos Bay 238 Barking 269 Corpus Christi 338 Berry Head 447 Delaware Bay 268 Brixham 290 Everett 238 Burntisland 274 Freeport US 345 Coryton 285 Galveston 318 England 285 Gulf Coast 361 Falmouth Bay 259 Hampton Roads 273 Fawley 330 Hinchinbrook 269 Finnart 278 Long Beach 267 Firth of Clyde 325 Loop Terminal 424 Fishguard 285 Los Angeles 268 Folkestone 285 Miami 284 Gravesend 285 New Orleans 424 Greenock 279 Nikishka 248 Hound Point 285 Norfolk 274 230 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) OECD Other Countries (continued) United States (cont.) Pascagoula 413 Barbados (cont.) Bridgetown 268 Philadelphia 275 Brazil Angra Dos Reis 412 Point Conception 240 Itaqui 248 Point Fermen 259 Nictheroy 253 Port Arthur 362 Rio de Janeiro 282 Portland Or. 228 Salvador 248 Sabine 284 Santos 269 Sabine Pass 278 Sas Luiz de Maranh 306 San Diego 228 Sao Sebastiao 390 San Francisco 269 Sepetiba Terminal 275 Seal Beach 267 Tubarao 290 Seward 238 Brunei Brunei 380 Southwest Pass 413 Seria 233 Tacoma 238 Cape Verde Porto Grande 422 Texas City 273 St. Vincent CV 280 Valdez 269 Chile Punta Arenas 269 West Germany Bremen 269 Cyprus Limassol 239 Hamburg 424 Djibouti Djibouti 277 Rendsburg 249 Egypt Adabiya 307 Wilhelmshaven 358 Alexander Eg 264 Other Countries Sadat 277 Bahamas Greeport BF 424 Sidikerir 345 Great Isaac Island 276 Sukhna 361 Hole in the Wall 270 El Salvador Acajutla 273 South Riding Point 424 Gabon Port Gentil 280 Bahrain Bahrain 372 Hong Kong Hong Kong 273 Mina Sulman 357 India Bombay 271 Sitrah 295 Mormugao 228 Sitrah Anchorage 240 Vadinar Terminal 269 Barbados Barbados 316 Indonesia Balik Papan 268 s 231 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) Other Countries (continued) Other Countries (continued) Indonesia (cont.) Belawan 232 Mexico (cont.) Coatzacoalcos 274 Blang Lancang 216 Dos Bocas 285 Iran Hormuz Island 259 Mazatlan 254 Kharg Island 372 Salina Cruz 276 Sirri Island 447 Morocco Tangier 279 Israel Ashdad 268 Netherlands Antilles Aruba 424 Haifa 268 Bonnaire Island 424 Ivory Coast Abidjan 318 Bullen Bay 424 Jordan Aqaba 280 Curcao 279 Kuwait Kuwait 228 St. Eustatius 424 Mena Abdulla 323 Nigeria Bonny 355 Mina Abd Allah 228 Brass River 283 Mina Al Ahmadi 408 Escravos 285 Mina Saud 264 Escravos River 285 Sea Island KU 295 Forcados 355 Shuaiba 330 Que Iboe 285 Liberia Monrovia 272 North Korea Unggi 241 Libya Marsa El Brega 290 Oman Al Matrah 323 Malaysia Batu Pahat 285 Khor Fakkan Anchor 355 Johore River 274 Mina Al Faha 289 Keland 232 Mina Al Fahal 273 Labuan 380 Oman 390 Pasir Gudang 268 Qaboos 240 Penang 424 Quoin Island 318 Malta Malta 362 Ras Al Hadd 284 Marsaxlo KK 270 Salala 276 St. PauIs Bay 318 Pakistan Karachi 284 Valletta 270 Port Muhammed Bin 254 Mauritius Mauritius 217 Panama Cape Mala 267 Mexico Cayos Arcas Termin 565 Puerto Armuelles 267 232 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DW7) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Other Countries (continued) Other Countries (continued) Philippines Bataan 278 South Korea Inchon 261 Batangas 270 Masan 273 Limay 283 Mokpo 284 Manila 267 Pusan 285 Subic Bay 219 � Ulsam 484 Villanueva 276 Yosu 273 Qatar Doha 307 Sri Lanka Colombo 276 Halul Island 316 St. Lucia Cul-de-Sac 339 Qatar 316 Port Casteries 253 Qatar Anchorage 257 St. Lucia 339 Umm Said 316 Suriname Paramaribo 259 Saudi Arabia Jeddah 484 Sweden Brofjorden 282 Juaymah Terminal 555 Gothenburg 318 Jubail 338 Rorviksw 278 Juddah 358 Taiwan China Nationalist 285 Ras Al Khafi 284 Kaohsiung 424 Ras Tanura 484 Keelung 284 Ras Tanura Entry 228 Taiwan 285 Yanbu 362 Thailand Bangkok 484 Yenbo 555 Phuket 290 Senegal Dakar 339 Trinidad & Tobago Pointe A Piezze 274 Senegal 284 Port of Spain 273 St. Louis 249 Tunisia la Goulette 239 Singapore Pub o Bukom 358 Turkey Ceyhan Terminal 293 South Africa Cape Agulhas 274 United Arab Abu Al Bukhoosh 290 Cape Town 413 Emirates Abu Dhabi 316 Durban 290 Al Ruwais 238 East London 225 Arzanah Island 269 Richards Bay 361 Das Island 413 Robben Island 413 Dubai 412 233 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Table 194 (continued) Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger, January 1987 Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Port Largest Loaded Tanker Accommodated (Thousand DWT) Other Countries (continued) Other Countries (continued) United Arab Emirates (cont.) Fateh Terminal 363 United Arab Emirates (cont.) Zirku Island 361 Fujairah 565 USSR Melkaya 285 Hamriyah 274 Venezuela Punta Cardon 257 Hamriyah Terminal 274 Virgin Island Christiansted 259 Jebel Ali 413 Hovic 284 Jebel Dhanna 361 St. Croix 284 Khor Al Fakkan 413 Yemen Aden 407 Mubarras Terminal 239 Yugoslavia Omisalj 339 Ras Al Khaimah 372 Sharjah 319 234 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index and Conversion Factors Page Index 237-241 Conversion Factors 242 235 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index to Handbook of Economic Statistics 1987 Acid, sulfuric 166 Aggregate factor productivity, USSR 70 Aggregate inflation rate trends, developed countries 7 LDCs 9 Agricultural, labor force 55 prices 49 production index 22, 44 Aid, Chinese economic to LDCs 112, 115 Soviet and East European economic to LDCs 14,112-114 Soviet economic to Communist countries 116 US economic loans and grants to LDCs, by recipient 120-121 Aircraft, civil, inventory 219 Air freight 219 Air passengers 218 Aluminum, primary 22, 156 Ammonia, synthetic 165 Arms transfers, Communist, to LDCs 112 to non-Communist LDCs 117 Automobiles, passenger, production 19, 179 Average annual rates of growth in industrial production, by branch of industry, USSR 71 Balance of payments, USSR 74 Balance of trade, non-Communist countries 82-83 Bauxite 22, 150 Big Seven exports by commodity 86-87 imports by commodity 88-89 personal savings rates 58 trade 84-89, 94 trade balance by commodity 90-91 unemployment rates 58 Bilateral capital flows to LDCs, gross 118 Brown coal 140 Buses, production 180 Capital, flows to LDCs, total gross bilateral 118 investment, gross fixed, USSR 68 stock of fixed, USSR 69 Cars, passenger production 179 railroad freight 181 Cattle 23, 196 Caustic soda 164 Cement 22, 24-25, 183 Chemical fertilizer, nutrient content consumption 204-208 production 22, 167-170 China, economic aid to LDCs 115 exports 25, 107-108 foreign trade 25, 107-109 imports 25, 107, 109 Chromite 149 Civil aircraft, inventory 219 Coal, brown and lignite 22, 140 hard 22, 139 proved reserves 133 237 Coarse grains 20, 22, 191 Cobalt 159 Coffee 22, 201 Combines, grain 177 Commercial vehicles, production 180 Commodity production of the US and USSR 29-31 Communist countries, economic aid to LDCs 112 economic profile 25 exchange rates 59 exports 25, 99-100, 102-103, 105, 107-108, 110-111 GNP 2-6, 25, 34-35 gross industrial production 25, 45-46 imports 25, 99, 101-102, 104, 106-107, 109-111 industrial production 25, 45-46 military aid to LDCs 112 military personnel from LDCs, trained in 124-125 Soviet economic aid 116 trade, foreign (see Trade, foreign, Communist countries) training of LDCs academic, technical and military trainees 128 training of LDCs military personnel 124-125 Communist economic and military technicians in LDCs 126-127 Construction, total housing 176 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index (continued) Consumer price index 51 Consumption, oil 24-25, 135 Conversion factors 242 Copper, refined 22, 155 Cotton, ginned 23, 203 Crude oil 22, 134-137 proved reserves 133 refining capacity 135 Crude steel, production 18, 22, 24-25, 152 Cuba, Soviet economic assistance to 116 foreign trade 110-111 Currencies, relative to US $1, selected 10 Currency, exchange rates of Communist countries 59 Debt, East European by source 60 medium- and long-term, LDCs 61 Defense expenditures, GNP, share of 47 Deflators, price, GNP 36 Developed countries, economic profile 24 trade, foreign, direction of 78-91 Eastern Europe, debt by source 60 economic aid to LDCs 113 exports 25, 102-103, 105 foreign trade 25, 102-106 foreign trade, direction of 102-104 imports 25, 102, 104, 106 Economic aid (see Aid) Economic indicators, selected non-OPEC less developed countries 41 selected industrial countries 42-43 Economic trends, selected LDCs 62 Electric generator production 175 Electricity generating capacity, installed 142-143 Electricity, production 22, 141 Employment, industrial 57 Energy 130-143 efficiency 16 primary 130-132 primary, consumption 131 primary, production, by type 132 Equipment, electricity generating 175 Exchange rate equivalents, GDP 37 Exchange rates, Communist countries 59 Expenditures, defense, GNP, as a share of 47 Export prices 42-43, 92-93 Exporters of oil 27, 136 Exports, Big Seven 84-87 China 25, 107-108 Cuba 110-111 Eastern Europe 25, 102-103, 105 non-Communist countries 78-79 USSR 25, 72-74, 99-100 World 22 Factor productivity, USSR 70 Factors, conversion 242 Fertilizer, chemical, consumption 204-208 chemical, nutrient content production 22, 167-170 nitrogen, consumption 206 nitrogen, production 22, 168 phosphate, consumption 207 phosphate, production 22, 169 potassium, consumption 208 potassium, production 22, 170 Fibers, synthetic 22, 174 Financial flows, net, to LDCs 119 Fish catch 23, 195 Fishing fleet inventory 23, 223 Fixed capital, stock of, USSR 69 Fixed investment, gross, USSR 68 Fleet, fishing 23, 223 merchant 23, 224-225 tanker 23, 226-227 238 Foreign trade (see Trade, foreign) Freight cars, railroad 181, 222 Freight traffic, air 219 inland water 216-217 motor vehicle 214-215 ocean 218 railroad 23, 212-213 truck 214-215 Gas, natural, production 138 natural, proved reserves 133 GDP (see Gross Domestic Product) Gross Domestic Product, exchange rate equivalents 37 purchasing power equivalents 37 share of, government receipts, outlays and balances, selected 11 Generating capacity, electricity installed 142-143 nuclear, installed 143 Ginned cotton 23, 203 GNP (see Gross National Product) Gross National Product 2-6, 8, 22-28, 34-40, 64-67 Communist countries 2-6, 25, 34-35, 38-40, 64-67 defense expenditures as a share of 47 deflators 36 Eastern Europe 2, 25, 34-35, 39-40 end use, US 38 end use, USSR 38, 66 growth 5-6, 8, 39 growth, per capita 40 LDCs, aggregate real growth rates 8 market prices 34-35 per capita 2-3, 24-28 price deflators 36 real, comparisons 6 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index (continued) Gross National Product, real, trends 5 US 4, 6, 24, 34, 36, 38-39 USSR 4, 6, 25, 35, 38-40, 66-67 World 4, 22, 34 Gold 75, 161 USSR 75, 161 Government receipts, outlays and balance as a share of GDP 11 Grain combines 177 Grains, coarse 20, 22, 191 Grain, total 22, 188-189 yields 209 Gross fixed capital investment, USSR 68 Gross industrial production index Communist countries 25, 45, 70-71 Gross official bilateral capital flows to LDCs 118 Harbors (see Ports) Hard coal 22, 139 Hard currency, balance of payments USSR 74 debt to the West, USSR 75 trade, USSR 72-74 High-technology industries, trade of selected exporting countries 98 Hogs 23, 197 Housing construction 176 Hydroelectricity 141 Import prices 42, 92-93 Importers of oil 136-137 Imports, Big Seven 84-85, 88-89 China 25, 107, 109 Eastern Europe 25, 102, 104, 106 non-Communist countries 26-28, 80-81 USSR, 25, 72-74, 99, 101 Industrial factor productivity, USSR 70 Industrial countries, economic indicators selected 43 Industrial employment 57 Industrial production, average annual rates of growth, by branch, USSR 71 Industrial production index, Communist countries 25, 45-46, 66-67, 70-71 Inflation rate trends 7, 9 Inland water freight traffic 216-217 Installed electricity generating capacity 142-143 Interest rates, major industrial countries 13 International economic comparisons selected countries 6, 24-28 Investment, gross fixed capital, USSR 68 Iron ore 22, 146 Iron, pig 22, 151 Labor force 54-57 agricultural 55 nonagricultural 56 industrial 57 LDCs, aggregate inflation rate trends 9 aggregate real GNP growth rates 8 aid (see Aid) arms transfers 15, 117, 122-123 Communist economic and military technicians in 126-127 economic profile, selected 26-28 economic trends, selected 62 medium- and long-term debt, selected 61 military personnel training in Communist countries 124-125 net financial flows to 119 non-OPEC, economic indicators 41 non-OPEC, export and import prices and terms of trade 92-93 official bilateral capital flows to 118 239 LDCs, US military deliveries 122-123 vulnerability ratios, selected 62 Lead, smelter 22, 157 Less developed countries (see LDCs) Lignite 22, 140 Locomotives, mainline, inventory 221 Machine tools 176-177 Magnesium, primary 161 Mainline locomotive inventory 221 Manganese ore 147 Meat 23, 198 Merchant fleet inventory 23, 224-225 Metalcutting machine tools 176 Metalforming machine tools 177 Metal imports as a share of consumption, 1986 /7 Metal prices 48 Military personnel from LDCs trained in Communist countries 124-125 Milk 23, 199 Mineral imports as a share of consumption, 1986 17 Molybdenum 162 Motor vehicle freight 214-215 Natural gas production 22, 138 Natural gas, proved reserves 133 Natural rubber 171 Net financial flows 119 Newly industrialized countries economic profile, selected 28 trade with Big Seven 94 Newsprint 184 Nickel, refined 154 Nitrogen fertilizer, consumption 206 production 22, 168 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index (continued) Nonagricultural labor force 56 Non-Communist countries, exports 78-79 imports 80-81 oil import bill 96 trade balance 82-83 Non-OPEC LDCs, economic indicators 41 export and import prices and terms of trade 92-93 Nuclear electricity generating capacity 143 Ocean freight traffic 218 Oil, consumption 24-25, 135 crude 27, 132-137 crude production 27, 134 crude, proved reserves 133 crude refining capacity 135 exporters 27, 136 export revenues 27, 95 import bill, selected countries 96 imports 136 prices 50 trade 136-137 OPEC, economic profile 27 oil prices 50 Ore, iron 146 manganese 147 tungsten 148 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, economic profile 27 Paper 184 Passenger automobiles, production 19, 22, 30, 179 Passenger traffic, air 218 Petroleum pipeline transportation 220 Phosphate fertilizer, consumption 207 production 22, 169 Pig iron 151 Pipeline transportation, petroleum 220 Plastics 171 Platinum-group metals 162 Plywood 185 Population 4, 22-28, 52-53 Ports, offloading, accessible to fully loaded tankers 228-234 Potassium fertilizer, consumption 208 production 22, 170 Potatoes 22, 193 Power generating equipment 175 Price deflators, GNP 36 Price index, consumer 51 wholesale 50 Prices, agricultural 49 export and import and terms of trade 42-43, 92-93 metal 48 oil 50 Primary aluminum 22, 156 Primary energy 130-132 by type 132 consumption 131 Primary magnesium 161 Primary tin 32, 160 Productivity, aggregate factor, USSR 70 industrial factor, USSR 70 Proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas and coal 133 Purchasing power equivalents, GDP 37 Railroad freight cars, inventory 222 production 181 Railroad freight traffic 23, 212-213 Rates of exchange, Communist countries Refined copper 22, 155 Refined nickel 154 240 Refined zinc 22, 158 Reserves, crude oil, natural gas, and coal, proved and probable 133 gold, USSR 75 Rice 22, 192 Rolled steel 153 Rubber, natural 171 synthetic 172 tires 182 Savings rate, personal 58 Smelter lead 22, 157 Smelter tin 160 Soda, caustic 164 Soviet (see USSR) Soybeans 200 Sponge metal, titanium 159 Steel, crude 18, 22-25, 152 rolled 153 Stock of fixed capital, USSR 69 Sugar 22, 194 Sulfuric acid 166 Synthetic ammonia 165 Synthetic fibers 22, 174 Synthetic rubber 172 Tankers, ports accessible to fully loaded tankers 228-234 Tanker fleet inventory 23, 226-227 Tax burden, industrial countries 12 Terms of trade 92-93 Tin, primary 22, 160 Tires, rubber 182 Titanium sponge metal 159 Total gross bilateral capital flows to LDCs 118 Tractors 178 59 Trade 78-111 Big Seven 84-91 foreign, China 25, 107-109 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Index (continued) Trade, foreign, China, exports 25, 107-108 foreign, China, imports 25, 107, 109 Transportation, petroleum pipeline 220 Truck freight 214-215 foreign, Communist countries 25, 99-111 Trucks, production 180 Cuba 110-111 Tungsten ore 148 foreign, developed countries, direction of 24, 78-91 foreign, Eastern Europe 25, 102-106 Turbine production Unemployment rates 175 58 foreign, Eastern Europe, direction 102-104 foreign, Eastern Europe, exports 25, 102-103, 105 foreign, Eastern Europe, imports 25, 102, 104, 106 foreign, non-Communist, exports 78-79 foreign, non-Communist, imports 80-81 foreign, non-Communist, trade balance 82-83 foreign, oil import bill 96 foreign, USSR, direction 73, 97, 99 foreign, USSR exports 25, 72-74, 99-101 foreign, USSR, imports 25, 72-74, 99, 101 high-technology industries, selected exporting countries 98 oil 136-137 terms of 92-93 USSR foreign 25, 72-74, 97, 99-101 World 22 Trade balance, Big Seven, by commodity 90-91 newly industrialized countries 94 non-Communist countries 82-83 Traffic, freight, air 219 freight, inland water 216-217 freight, motor vehicle 214-215 freight, ocean 218 freight, railroad 212-213 passenger, air 218 US, economic loans and grants to LDCs, by recipient 120-121 foreign exchange value of dollar 10, 59 GNP, end use 38 housing construction 176 military deliveries to LDCs 122-123 US, USSR, commodity production 29-31 USSR, aggregate factor productivity 70 arms deliveries to LDCs 15 average annual rates of growth in industrial production, by sector of industry 71 balance of payments 74 CIA, Soviet, measures of economic growth 65 economic aid to Communist countries 116 economic aid to Cuba 116 economic aid to LDCs 113 economic growth, planned, actual 64 economic performance 64-75 exports 25, 72-74, 99-100 factor productivity, aggregate 70 foreign trade 25, 72-74, 99-101 gold 75, 161 gross fixed capital investment 68 gross industrial production index 45 GNP, distribution of 38, 66 GNP, end use 38, 66 GNP, growth by sector of origin 67 hard currency debt to the West 75 hard currency trade 72-74 housing construction 176 241 USSR, imports 25, 72-74, 99, 101 industrial factor productivity 70 industrial production, by branch of industry 71 industrial production, gross, index 45 industrial production, indexes 45-46 stock of fixed capital 69 trade, foreign 25, 72-74, 97, 99-101 USSR, US, commodity production 29-31 Value of the US dollar, percent change 10 Vehicles, automobile, production 19, 179 commercial, production 180 Vulnerability ratios, selected LDCs 62 Wheat 20, 22, 190 Wholesale price index 50 Wool 23, 202 World, crude steel production 22 GNP 4, 22, 34 passenger automobile production 19, 22 population 4, 22 statistics 22-23 trade 22-23 wheat and coarse grains 20, 22 Zinc, refined 22, 158 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731 Conversion Factors To Convert From To Multiply By To Convert From To Multiply By Acres Hectares 0.4046856 Meters, cubic Tons, register 0.353147 Acres Kilometers, square 0.004046856 Miles, nautical Kilometers 1.852 Acres Meters, square 4046.856 Miles, statute Centimeters 160934.4 Centimeters Meters 0.01 Miles, statute Meters 1609.344 Centimeters, square Meters, square 0.0001 Miles, statute Kilometers 1.609344 Degrees, Fahrenheit Degrees, Celsius subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9 Miles, square Hectares 258.9998 Miles, square Kilometers, square 2.589998 Feet Centimeters 30.48 Ounces, avoirdupois Grams 28.349523 Feet Meters 0.3048 Ounces, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.028349523 Feet Kilometers 0.0003048 Ounces, troy Pounds, troy 0.083333 Feet, cubic Liters 28.316847 Ounces, troy Grams 31.10348 Feet, cubic Meters, cubic 0.028316847 Pints, liquid Milliliters 473.176473 Feet, square Centimeters, square 929.0304 Pints, liquid Liters 0.473176473 Feet, square Meters, square 0.09290304 Pounds, avoirdupois Grams 453.59237 Gallons, US liquid Liters 3.785412 Pounds, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.45359237 Gallons, US liquid Meters, cubic 0.003785412 Pounds, avoirdupois Quintals 0.00453592 Grams Ounces, troy 0.032151 Pounds, avoirdupois Tons, metric 0.000453592 Grams Pounds, troy 0.002679 Pounds, troy Ounces, troy 12 Hectares Kilometers, square 0.01 Pounds, troy Grams 373.241722 Hectares Meters, square 10,000 Quarts, dry Liters 1.101221 Inches Centimeters 2.54 Quarts, dry Dekaliters 0.1101221 Inches Meters 0.0254 Quarts, liquid Milliliters 946.352946 Inches, cubic Milliliters 16.387064 Quarts, liquid Liters 0.946352946 Inches, cubic Liters 0.016387064 Quintals Tons, metric 0.1 Inches, cubic Meters, cubic 0.000016387064 Tons, long Kilograms 1016.047 Inches, square Centimeters, square 6.4516 Tons, long Tons, metric 1.016047 Inches, square Meters, square 0.00064516 Tons, metric Quintals 10 Kilograms Ounces, troy 32.15075 Tons, metric Ounces, troy 32,150.7 Kilograms Pounds, troy 2.679229 Ton-miles, long Ton-kilometers, metric 1.635169 Kilograms Tons, metric 0.001 Ton-miles, short Ton-kilometers, metric 1.459972 Kilometers, square Hectares 100 Tons, register Meters, cubic 2.831685 Liters Milliliters 1000 Tons, short Kilograms 907.185 Liters Meters, cubic 0.001 Tons, short Tons, metric 0.907185 Meters Millimeters 1000 Yards Centimeters 91.44 Meters Centimeters 100 Yards Meters 0.9144 Meters Kilometers 0.001 Yards, cubic Meters, cubic 0.7645549 Meters, cubic Liters 1000 Yards, square Meters, square 0.836127 242 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C05775731