TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 05922883
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2017
• Case Number: F-2016-02688
• Publication Date: February 12, 1987

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Directorate of
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Terrorism Review
(b)(3)
DI TR 87-003
12 February 1987
Copy
625
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.)
Warning Notice
Intelligence Sources
or Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
National Security Unauthorized Disclosure
Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
NOFORN (NF) Not releasable to foreign nationals
NOCONTRACT (NC) Not releasable to contractors or contractor/consultants
PROPIN (PR) Caution�proprietary information involved
ORCON (OC) Dissemination and extraction of information
controlled by originator
REL... This information has been authorized for release to...
WN WNINTEL�Intelligence sources or methods involved
I%11 material on tills page
is Unclassified.
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(b)(3)
Terrorism Review
12 February 1987
(b)(3)
1
Focus: Lebanon�The New Hostages
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7
Highlights
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11
Alfaro Vive, Carajo!: A Current Assessment
(b)(3)
15
Overview of Asian Terrorism in 1986
(b)(3)
19
Emerging Terrorist Threat to Scandinavia
(b)(3)
23
Fatah Official Implicated in TWA Flight 840 Attack (b)(3)
25
The Terrorism Diary for March
(b)(3)
29
Chronology of Terrorism-1986/1987
(b)(3)
This review is published biweekly by the Directorate of Intelligence. Appropriate
articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other agencies of the
US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication. Comments and
aueries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
111
(b)(3)
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DI TR 87-003
12 February 1987
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Scent
Terrorism Review
12 February 1987
(b)(3)
Focus Lebanon�The New Hostages
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
(b)(3)
The arrest of a terrorist important to the radical Shia group Hizballah has
launched a new round of kidnapings in Lebanon. The terrorist, Muhammad
Hammadi�also one of the hijackers of TWA Flight 847�was arrested at
Frankfurt airport on 13 January, as he attempted to smuggle liquid explosives into
West Germany. Since then, gunmen have seized at least 12 foreigners in West
Beirut. We believe that most of the new hostages were taken by elements of the
Iranian-backed Hizballah, of which Hammadi is a member. A brother in
Lebanon, Abd al-Hadi Hammadi, probably instigated the kidnaping of two West
Germans, while other elements probably related to Hizballah have claimed
responsibility for the abduction of several other foreigners, including three
Americans. The new group of hostages also includes Terry Waite, the Anglican
Church envoy who has been trying to nPg"tiate the release of foreign hostages in
Lebanon since the fall of 1985 (b)(3)
Who is Responsible?
Within four days of Hammadi's arrest, terrorists had seized their first hostage, a
West German businessman named Rudolf Cordes. A second German, Alfred
Schmidt, was taken three days later. Schmidt, a technician, had been installing
equipment at Beirut University Hospital. On 24 January, Shia extremists
kidnaped four professors�among them three American citizens�from Beirut
University College. This brings to nine the number of American nationals now
held hostage in Lebanon. The fourth professor, an Indian national, has resident
alien status and carries a US passport. The terrorists apparently number him
among the Americans.
(b)(3)
We believe that the recent kidnapings were carried out by elements of Hizballah.
two of the Hammadi brothers masterminded the
recent operations in Lebanon with the help of several close associates. These men
are longtime associates of Imad Mughniyah, leader of the Hizballah cell that
controls US and other hostages in Lebanon. At least one of the Hammadis�Abd
al-Hadi�is a security chief for Hizballah and oversaw the retaliatory kidnapings
of the two Germans. Muhammad Hammadi was one of the hijackers of the TWA
flight in June 1985 and is responsible for the death of an American serviceman and
the detention of several dozen Americans. A third brother, Ali Abbas, was
arrested in West Germany on 26 January. He apparently confessed to successfully
smuggling linnid explosives into West Germany on the same flight as Muhammad.
(b)(3)
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C.
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Table 1
Western Hostages Currently Held in Lebanon a
Name/Occupation
Date/Place
Claimant Group Status
US Hostages
William Buckley
Diplomat
16 March 1984
Islamic Jihad Presumed dead since June 1985
Terry Anderson
Journalist
16 March 1985
Islamic Jihad Held by Hizballah
Thomas Sutherland
Dean, American University
of Beirut
10 June 1985
Islamic Jihad Held by Hizballah
Frank Reed
Adviser to Lebanese International
School
9 September 1986
Claimed by Islamic Jihad, later
denied; Organization of
Revolutionary Justice
Probably held by Hizballah
Joseph Cicippio
Deputy Comptroller, American
University of Beirut
12 September 1986
Organization of Revolutionary
Justice
Probably held by Hizballah
Edward Tracy
Itinerant writer
21 October 1986 Organization of Revolutionary
Justice
Alan Steen
Professor, Beirut University
College
24 January 1987 Organization of the Oppressed
on Earth
Probably held by Hizballah
Robert Polhill
Professor, Beirut University
College
24 January 1987 Same
Same
John (Jesse) Turner
Professor, Beirut University
College
24 January 1987 Same
Same
Mithileshwar Singh
Chairman Business Studies,
Beirut University College;
Indian national who has
resident alien status
24 January 1987 Same
Same
French Hostages
Marcel Carton 22 March 1985
Diplomat West Beirut
Islamic Jihad, Khaybar Brigades Probably held by Hizballah
Marcel Fontaine 22 March 1985
Diplomat West Beirut
Islamic Jihad, Khaybar Brigades Probably held by Hizballah
Jean Paul Kaufmann 22 May 1985
Journalist West Beirut
Islamic Jihad Probably held by Hizballah
Michel Seurat 22 May 1985
Researcher West Beirut
Islamic Jihad Reportedly killed 6 March 1986
Jean-Louis Normandin 8 March 1986
Organization of Revolutionary Probably held by Hizballah
Television Technician Justice
Roger Auque
Journalist
13 January 1987
No claimant Hizballah suspected
We believe "Islamic Jihad" is a covername used by a cell of
Hizballah, led by Imad Mughniyah, to claim credit for terrorist
operations and to threaten attacks. Its claims are usually accompa-
nied by a photograph of a hostage for authentication. Other pro-
Iranian factions outside Lebanon also use the term, which means
cCt
Islamic Holy War in Arabic. Other factions within Hizballah are
involved in terrorism and use covernames�such as Revolutionary
Justice Organization or Organization of the Oppressed on Earth�
to mask their true identities and to provide plausible deniability to
Hizballah leaders and Iran
2
(b)(3)
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Table 1 (Continued)
Name/Occupation Date/Place Claimant Group Status
German Hostages
Rudolf Cordes 17 January 1987 No claimant Held by Hizballah
Businessmen
Alfred Schmidt 20 January 1987 No claimant Held by Hizballah
Engineer
British Hostages
Alec Collett
Journalist
25 March 1985
Execution announced April 1986
by Revolutionary Organization of
Socialist Muslims (Abu Nidal);
body never found.
John McCarthy 17 April 1986
Journalist
No claimant Unknown
Terry Waite 20 January 1987
No claimant Disappeared from Beirut during his
Anglican Church envoy effort to mediate hostage crisis
Other Hostages
Brian Keenan
Irish teacher
11 April 1985
No claimant Unknown
Alberto Molinari
11 September 1985 No claimant Unknown
Italian businessman West Beirut
Chae Do-sung 31 January 1986 Fighting Revolutionary Cells Unknown
South Korean diplomat
Bakr Damanhuri 12 January 1987 No claimant Unknown
Saudi diplomat/businessman
Khalid Dib
Saudi businessman
26 January 1987 Partisans of Islamic Jihad
Probable reason for abduction was
to dissuade Saudis from attending
Islamic Conference summit in
Kuwait
Two English-speakers, possibly 26 January 1987
Romanian
No claimant Taken from store
Two Lebanese Armenians 23 January 1987
(b)(3)
No claimant Probably mistaken for West
Germans
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Two groups have claimed responsibility for the kidnapings at Beirut University
College. Shortly after the abductions, a caller claiming to speak for the
Organization for the Oppressed on Earth said it had the hostages, and threatened
to kill one if Hammadi is not released, and the US continues to support Iraq in its
war with Iran. We believe this is another covername for elements of Hizballah; the
name has been used since late 1985, mostly in connection with the kidnaping and
murder of several Lebanese Jews. As recently as last month, the group claimed it
executed more of these Jewish hostages. (b)(3)
A second group�the "Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine" (ULP)�
claimed in late January that it had kidnaped the Americans. Just as with the more
familiar Islamic Jihad cc -^rname, communiques have been accompanied by
photographs of the host F ;s for authentication. The IJLP said it would murder all
four hostages within a week if 400 Palestinian prisoners�many of them Shia
Muslims�held in Israeli jails were not released and Muhammad Hammadi was
not freed. It also threatened to kill the hostages if the United States tried to
intervene militarily in Lebanon. Little is known about the group, which claims to
be composed of Muslim Palestinian youths, but a group using a similar name�the
Islamic Front for the Liberation of Palestine�claimed responsibilty for the
grenade attack at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem last October
(b)(3)
We believe that these organizations are covernames for Mughniyah's apparatus or
other closely related elements of Hizballah. The sophistication of the recent
abductions suggests that the terrorists are organized and have good intelligence on
the movements of foreigners into and around Beirut, as well as on international
flights. The professors abducted from Beirut University College believed that the
terrorists were a security force sent to protect them. Rudolf Cordes, the first
German taken captive, was picked up just after arriving at Beirut airport. The
second German hostage, Alfred Schmidt, was seized at his hotel.
(b)(3)
Where is Terry Waite?
We believe Terry Waite is now being detained by the Hizballah elements holding
the US hostages. The Anglican envoy has not been seen since 20 January, when he
left his hotel and Druze militia protection. Rumors circulated in Beirut that he had
gone to the Bekaa Valley or to southern Beirut to negotiate with elements of
Hizballah for the release of Terry Anderson and Thomas Sutherland. Claiming it
had reassurances from the Druze and other sources in Lebanon, the Anglican
Church continued through the end of January to hold out hope for Waite's
mission. In early February a senior Druze official told the US Embassy in Beirut
that Waite had joined other hostages being held by Mughniyah (b)(3)
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-s-getrat,
We believe Terry Waite has become a victim of his own initiatives. He evidently
believed his peaceful mission and role as a mediator would protect him, but these
Hizballah leaders were undeterred by Islamic hospitality. Those who decided to
detain him probably believe they can pressure the British Government to press
their demands, particularly Hizballah's unwavering goal of the release of 17 Dawa
Party terrorists held in Kuwait, who were convicted in the bombings of the US and
French Embassies and Kuwaiti installations in 1983.
(b)(3)
Other Hostages
It is unlikely that all the recent hostage takings are related to the arrest of
Muhammad Hammadi. Two Saudis abducted in mid-January, for instance,
probably were seized as part of Iran's attempt to dissuade the Saudis from
attending the Islamic Conference summit in Kuwait. A French journalist, Roger
Auque, also was seized in January as he covered Terry Waite's mission, but no
claims have been made yet on his behalf. At least two and possibly four blond
English- or German-speaking males were kidnaped while they were shopping in
West Beirut in late January. Various press accounts describe them as Armenians,
East Europeans, or Scandinavians. They probably were mistaken for German or
American nationals, but they have not been released, and no organization has
taken credit for their abductions. (b)(3)
Outlook
In our judgment, prospects for the early release of these hostages�including Terry
Waite�are not good. We are almost certain that the captors represent Shia
extremist elements. Some of the recent operations could have been financially
motivated, done by freelance terrorists whn hnned to ransom Westerners to the
highest bidders. (b)(3)
Regardless of who initially seized them, we believe decisions on the fate of the
hostages will be made by Hizballah's leaders, probably with some reference to
Iran. Tehran apparently was not involved in the recent abductions, but probably
has been in contact with Hizballah leaders and could play an intermediary role.
Despite Iran's considerable support to Hizballah and shared ideological objectives,
however, Tehran does not control the hostage holders (b)(3)
Syrian or Lebanese pressure to release them is unlikely to sway Hizballah.
Damascus currently has only marginal influence with Hizballah, and President
Assad has been unwilling to confront Hizballah directly. In our view, the growth of
the organization and the number of hostages it is hiding in crowded West Beirut
have outstripped Assad's ability to intervene forcibly. Walid Junblatt's Druze
militia was responsible for Waite's safety, and Junblatt probably feels his offer to
trade places with Waite and to fight Hizballah will help salvage his credibility.
Nevertheless, Druze threats are even less likely to force Hizballah to release the
Anglican envoy
(b)(3)
5
ThZtreL
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Hizballah probably will make further demands before agreeing to release Waite or
the others, but we believe the basic objective remains the release of the Dawa
Party prisoners in Kuwait. One of the terrorists under death sentence there is the
brother-in-law of Imad Mugniyah. The release of the Hammadi brothers�at
minimum preventing the extradition of Muhammad Hammadi to the United
States�also is an important objective, because the Hammadis are so closely tied
to Hizballah. Other statements may press for guarantees that the United States,
the United Kingdom, France, or Israel will refrain from military retaliation in (b)(3)
Lebanon, and perhaps even demand compensation in weapons and money
(b)(3)
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"Sze
Western Europe
Italy
Portugal
Highlights
(b)(3)
Significant Developments
Suspected Hizballah Terrorist Arrested in Milan
Italian customs police arrested a Lebanese national, Bashir Khudr, on 12 January
at Milan airport after they discovered explosives and detonators concealed in his
luggage. Nearly 11 kilograms (kg) of explosives were hidden in two bas-relief
paintings and various sizes of tinfoil-wrapped chocolate Easter eggs. The
detonators were hidden inside batteries placed in a portable radio. Airport security
guards had stopped Khudr as part of standing instruction:(b)(3)en closely all
(b)(1) arrivals with passports from Arab countries.
(b)(3)
Khudr is believed to be a
member of Hizballah, and Italian authorities suspect that the explosives were to be
used against Israeli targets in Rome. Initially, questions were raised about Khudr's
possible association with Fatah's Colonel Hawari. Moroccan authorities arrested
four Hawari operatives last August after they discovered that two of them were
carrying pottery objects composed of explosive materials. Subsequent technical
evidence indicates there is little similarity between the(b)(3)3 Khudr carried and
those carried by Hawari operatives.
There is no evidence at this time to link Khudr to Mohammad Hammadi, the
suspected Hizballah member arrested on 13 January in Frankfurt while he was
attempting to smuggle weapons into West Germany. Khudr has been linked,
however, to the "Ladispoli Seven,"�seven Lebanese Shia arrested in Italy in
November 1984. believed to be planning an attack against the US Embassy in
Rome (b)(3)
Members of Anti-ETA Vigilante Group Arrested
Four Portuguese members of the Antiterrorist Liberation Group (GAL)�the first
time that Portuguese nationals have been known to be involved with this group�
were arrested in Lisbon on 4 January. GAL terrorizes members of the Basque
Fatherland and Liberty separatist group (ETA). Portuguese authorities also
arrested Jean-Philippe Labade, the suspected leader of GAL, who�along with the
four Portuguese�is believed to have attacked and wounded six ETA supporters in
two separate actions in the French Basque region in February 1986. French
authorities reportedly arrested Labade in 1984 for killing ETA leader Tomas
Perez Revilla, but he was released on a technicality. (b)(3)
7
Thltret,.
DI TR 87-003
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There are almost certainly other Portuguese members of the group, and
Portuguese authorities will continue trying to identify them. Portugese
involvement is more likely to be financially, rather than politically, motivated: we
believe GAL members are sometimes paid for their attacks on ETA. According to
rumors widely circulated in the Spanish press, GAL members may be paid
indirectly by the Spanish Government. (b)(3)
Spain
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Middle East
Israel
Nine Members of ETA Unit Arrested
The violent "Madrid Commando" unit of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty
separatist group (ETA) suffered a major setback when Spanish police, acting in
cooperation with French security services, arrested nine members on 16 and 17
January. According to the press, those arrested are linked to nine major attacks in
the past 18 months that resulted in 26 deaths, including those of 17 civil guards
and two military officials. At the time of arrest, the group reportedly was planning
a major attack on a French-built shopping center. The arrests led to the discovery
in El Escorial, north of Madrid, of (b)(3)afehouses containing weapons and plans
for future operations.
the commando unit is divided
into three groups: gunmen residing in southern France who cross the border to
stage attacks; information units that select and plan attacks and escapes; and
infrastructure units permanently located in Madrid that set up the resources
needed. the damage to the infrastructure and
manpower of the group will impair its operational capabilities for at least the near
future, but that the group could b- ''"'4" to resume activities within several weeks
of the arrests.
(b)(3)
Although the roundup is hailed by Spanish police and the press as a major
counterterrorist success, we believe that those captured are rank-and-file
members, not leaders. The group has long been known to rebound from setbacks,
and five members were able to escape arrest. Retaliatory attacks are likely to be
made after the unit regroups. A major car bomb attack on 30 January�killing
two persons and injuring 37 others, including 22 Army officers�probably was an
attempt to show strength in another region.
(b)(3)
Tourism and Terrorism
Major terrorist attacks in Europe and the Middle East in the last year and a half
have left searing marks on Israel's tourism industry. The hijacking of a TWA
airliner in June 1985, the seizing of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro in
October 1985, the attacks on airports in Rome and Vienna in December 1985, the
attack on an Istanbul synagogue in September 1986, and the grenade attack in
mid-October 1986 near the Western (Wailing) Wall in Jerusalem�an especially
popular area for tourists�each generated a flurry of telexes from US travel
agencies to Israeli hotels and tour offices canceling scheduled visits (b)(3)
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See
During and immediately following major terrorist incidents, Israeli tour operators
typically estimate a cancellation rate as high as 70 percent. Hotel industry officials
expected the overall decline in visitors to reach 30 percent by the end of 1986,
mainly because of reduced US tourist arrivals. The number of American tourists
visiting Israel dropped by 47 percent in the first eight months of 1986�t1ie la test
available figures�compared with the same period in 1985. (b)(3)
Cruise ship tourism appears to have been particularly hard hit by the Achille
Lauro hijacking. During the first eight months of 1986, total cruise ship arrivals
were down over 48 percent from the same period in 1985. The most severe drop�a
64-percent decline in the first quarter of 1986 as compared with the same period in
1985�wa-(b5(315, number of American tourists coming to Israel via cruise ships.
Kuwait
(b)(3)
Shia Terrorists Arrested for Oil Installations Bombings
Kuwaiti authorities arrested 11 suspects on 19 January for the bombings of oil
installations in June 1986 and January 1987.
the suspects were in possession of arms and explosives. The
arms caches included Israeli, US, and Soviet arms, silencers, handgrenades,
dynamite sticks, machineguns, ammunition, and timing devices for bombs. Five
more suspects are still being sought. Virtually all the suspects are Kuwaiti Shia,
some from the country's most prominent families and with ethnic ties to Iran.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Kuwaiti officials have long suspected that local terrorists, backed by Iran, were
responsible for the five explosions that seriously damaged oil facilities in June 1986
and for the series of smaller blasts timed to disrupt the Islamic Summit conference
held in Kuwait in late January. According to the Embassy, Kuwaiti authorities
broke the terrorist ring shortly before the summit started but withheld news of the
arrests and the arms caches until the foreign delegations and journalists had left
the country. The Embassy also says there are unconfirmed reports that several
police were wounded in a shootout with the terrorists.
9
(b)(3)
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Libya
Latin America
El Salvador
Colombia
New Antidissident Terrorist Campaign?
Libya may be preparing to launch another of its periodic antidissident campaigns.
Two gunmen murdered a 37-year-old Libyan businessman carrying a false
Kuwaiti passport as he dined in an Athens restaurant on 7 January. A friend of the
victim escaped unharmed. The killing was the first murder of a Libyan opponent
of the Qadhafi regime since a Libyan industrialist was murdered in France last
June. (b)(3)
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Guerrillas Kidnap Three Mayors
Leftist guerrillas of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN)
kidnaped three mayors in various parts of El Salvador in early January. The
abductions were part of the guerrillas' announced subversive campaign known as
"Heroic January: Farabundo Marti Lives." These kidnapings may have been an
attempt to intimidate local mayors, and the group may try more such kidnapings.
The FMLN abducted 27 smalltown officials in a similar campaign in 1985
(b)(3)
New Terrorist Organization
An armed clandestine wing of "Causa Caribe"�a nonviolent legal organization�
reportedly has come to light. The group is said to have conducted kidnapings,
robberies, and other terrorist and criminal acts in the northern coast cities of Sar(b)(1)
Marta and Barranquilla.
(b)1(3)
It is possible this group may have conducted a bus bombing in
Barranquilla on 13 January that killed 13 persons. The M-19�the obvious
suspects�claim not to have been involved. We believe the majority of Causa
Caribe members have come from the Camilo Torres organization, a small, leftist
youth group that is active in many parts of Colombia. It previously has not been
associated with terrorist attacks. (b)(3)
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Alfaro Vive, Carajo!:
A Current Assessment
(b)(3)�
The Ecuadorean Government has scored impressive
gains against the Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (AVC) terrorist
group over the course of 1986. Making use of foreign
counterterrorist training and apparently applying
good police tactics, the security forces have been able
to penetrate and undermine the terrorist organization.
Sensing that the AVC may be in disarray following
the losses of several key leaders, we believe President
Febres-Cordero--particularly in the wake of the
recent coup attempt�will drive ahead with his
counterterrorist program. Febres-Cordero will press
the advantage to prevent the terrorists from recouping
their losses and resurfacing as a major challenge
during his remaining two years in office.
Nevertheless, if the government falters in its
commitment, the AVC could gain the necessary
respite to reorganize and stage operations, although
probably only at a low level (b)(3)
Origins of the Group
Information concerning the origins of the AVC is
sketchy and at times conflicting. The group may have
been formed as early as 1980, although it first
surfaced publicly in 1983 when it stole the sword of
Eloy Alfaro, a turn-of-the-century revolutionary
leader, from a Quito museum.
the group's
first activities in the early 1980s were their efforts in
the Oriente region of Ecuador to propagandize
farmers and eSt"liQh peasant organizations.
(b)(3)
The group was created when dissension in the early
1980s broke the radical leftist political organization
known as the Ecuadorean Revolutionary Leftist
Movement (MIR) into three factions. Two of the
splinters remained within the mainline MIR
framework; the third broke away entirely. The
Political-Military Organization (OPM) was formed
from this group, and consolidated under the direct
influence of the late Colombian M-19 leader Jaime
Bateman. (b)(1)
(b)(3)
11
Figure 1. M-I9 leader Carlos Pizarro Leon
Gomez (bearded, on right) with AVC members.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
(b)(3)
The "independents"
group, under Jarrin, adopted the name or Alfaro
and went underground as AVC. (b)(3)
Links to the M-19
Colombia's 19th of April Movement (M-19) has
played a significant role in the life of the AVC,
although the M-19's view that AVC is a branch of the
M-19 is exaggerated. Nevertheless, the two groups
share a nationalist ideology, and have continued, since
the AVC's creation, a formal relationship that
extends to operational support and military training.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
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M-19 members also have backed AVC terrorists in
important operations. For example, eight M-19
members and two AVC terrorists apparently worked
together to kidnap a prominent Guayaquil banker in
August 1985
The operation was
aborted, however, when security forces stormed the
hideout, killing the banke-(6-6-fveral terrorists.
In return for such assistance, the AVC sent some 30
members to fight alongside the M-19 in the "America
Battalion"�a multinational rural guerrilla
organization operating in southern Colombia. This
demonstration of solidarity, however, ultimately led to
strains, because the AVC wishes to recall its members
to beef UD its depleted ranks (b)(1)
(b)(3)
Other Foreign Ties
individual AVC
members also have received guerrilla training in El
Salvador, Libya, and Nicaragua. The AVC reportedly
sent several members to El Salvador for training
because of a guarantee that they would participate in
live-fire situations. In Nicaragua, small groups of
AVC members reportedly have patrolled with
Sandinista Army units searching for -03)(3)guan
insurgents
Libya also has trained AVC members. Between
October 1983 and January 1984, approximately 20
AVC members accompanied an M-19 group to Libya
and received guerrilla training at camp(b)( )Tripoli
(b)(3)
The AVC reportedly has a specialized unit that
establishes and maintains contacts with international
terrorist groups and foreign governments. As of May
1986, Rosa Mireya Cardenas, an AVC member living
in Managua, was in charge of this external front (see
inset). She reportedly had contacted and received
Rosa Mireya CARDENAS Hernandez
Member of the AVC
Central Command
Rosa Cardenas Hernandez, 27, is one of the founding
members of the Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (AVC) group.
She was arrested in Costa Rica in August 1984 while
trying to return to Ecuador from Nicaragua and
Panama. She is currently residing in Managua and
directs the AVC's external front organization from
there. She is known to have participated in bank
robberies and is suspected of having acted behind the
scenes in other AVC operations. Following the deaths
of several leaders, Cardenas is a possible contender
for AVC chief. Certainly she will have considerable
influence on the sel-^b"^- )(3) '[a new AVC chief
(
promises of assistance from the Vietnamese, Syrian,
and Cuban Embassies, as well as PLO representatives
in Managua:
� Cuba has pledged intelligence and security training,
as well as assistance in building guerrilla hospitals
in rural areas.
� Vietnam will provide training in jungle warfare and
mountain camouflage.
� Syria reportedly will give the AVC an unspecified
amount of money and arms.
� The PLO allegedly offered arms and training in
exchange for the "detection of Jews living in
America," and propaganda support of the PLO.
12
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"Srefet,
( b)( 1 )
(b)(3)
.7.77C-R
t
FIJOHUIS
PM az fag
CIE NMI
m -pet tit RUM
VS NCO
-111E MICH
nits
- rint FENISI
_ fa rEP rrrrimmi
f101111 _ - Holg
I
CA N% 1.ilye
trm lawn%
ting %V%
1:1 ftC3
tit MO
r-s12 r ts lam
��
tSVI\
tv ItNirrAv
trrtirr,�\
tiAgtA
tit MG\
VagA \
Vt 0405A
tit El
�
il2iI --
. rtarlisgi r rim � tEsis mots
. J.
Figure 2. AVC propaganda material.
(b)(3)
3-17-1
Nevertheless, the group seems
interested in broadening its foreign contacts,
The AVC and the Left
During its early period, when the group was
registering successes, the AVC developed an
ambitious revolutionary program that included
leading a united left against President Febres-
Cordero, while carrying out even more daring
terrorist operations. The AVC reportedly believed
that the conservative government in Ecuador made
c^- 4eal conditions in which to forge such a front.
(b)(3)
The legal Ecuadorean left has consistently rejected
the AVC's call to form a united front, thus isolating
the terrorist group, and thwarting its more grandiose
ambitions. Most of the leftist parties fear that
association with the group's illegal terrorist activity
will lead to government reprisals and alienate such
electoral backing as they have received.
(b)(3)
13
( b)( 1 )
(b)(3)
Government Successes
Government security forces have combined
penetrations with good use of intelligence to exploit
AVC weaknesses and deal the terrorist group decisive
blows. Over the past year, Ecuador's security forces
have raided numerous safehouses and captured or
killed dozens of terrorists�including several of the
group's top leaders. Quito also has begun to work with
Bogota to crack down on the M-19.
(b)(3)
President Febres-Cordero has reorganized the
security forces�initially inexperienced and lacking in
resources�and consolidated counterterrorism
responsibility under the direction of Government
Minister Robles. He secured training and assistance
Secre
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Figure 3. AVC weapons taken from safehouse in Quito.
for the security forces from the United States and
other governments and encouraged them to focus on
good police practices. Most important, Febres-
Cordero fully supports his counterterrorist forces and
has shown the political will to baa them against
attacks from opposition political parties. His
aggressive approach has occasionally resulted in
abuses, but it has also improved the confid7L71-,-id
overall effectiveness of the security service(.�1 )k�3
Outlook
We believe the AVC will find it difficult to recover
from its current state of disarray. The government has
demonstrated the political will to press its advantage
and to prevent the group from surfacing as a major
threat in the near future. The killings of several key
AVC leaders over the past year have not only
demoralized the group but have also provoked a
leadership crisis. These blows have destroyed the
AVC as a national organization, and reduced it to
groups of isolated cells working haphazardly. In fact,
some members of the group have called for a national
dialogue with the government to be mediated by the
church. We believe that, like its forerunners, the
(b)(3)
group will divide over the issue of continued militancy
versus a more clearly defined political agenda. Some
elements of the AVC then might attempt to integrate
into one or more of the established radical leftist
parties, leaving the remaining AVC militants perl(b)(3)
more violent than before
Despite the group's overall decline, some members are
still active and, according to press accounts, staged
brief takeovers of a radio station in December.
Incidents of this kind signal that the group can still
mount limited operations, and may be able to stage a
limited comeback if the government fails to press its
hard-won gains.
.(b)(3)
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Overview of '1n Terrorism
in 1986 (b)(3)
International terrorism�generally not a major
problem in Asia�heated up in 1986 as the number of
international incidents jumped 50 percent over 1985.
We recorded some 66 incidents in the region last year
as compared with 41 in 1985�still far below the
hundreds of incidents that occurred in the Middle
East and Latin America. Much of the terrorism in
Asia is domestic rather than internationa
(b)(3)
Pakistan accounted for most of the increase in
international terrorism last year: there were twice as
many incidents last year as there were in 1985. We
believe Afghan and Soviet agents terrorizing civilian
targets in the North-West Frontier Province accounts
for the bulk of the increase in Pakistan. Palestinian
terrorists stormed a Pan Am airliner in Karachi last
September, killing 22 persons and injuring as many as
100 others. Most Asian countries did not reflect any
real increase in international attacks during the year,
and Sikh extremists overseas�who downed an Air
India 747 jet and killed over 300 p 1985�
were relatively quiet during 1986.
Pakistan: Karachi Heats Up
Terrorist attacks sponsored by the Soviet Union and
Afghanistan in the Pakistani-Afghan border area
accounted for the marked increase in Pakistani
terrorism during 1986. These agents�usually
KHAD, the Afghan secret police�conducted a
terrorist bombing campaign in the North-West
Frontier Province and Baluchistan to erode Pakistani
support for Afghan insurgents, and to sow dissension
between Afghan refugees and Pakistani civilians in
the area. These attacks were usually bombings and
generally targeted bridges, railways, power
transmission lines, shops, restaurants, and hospitals.
We expect such bombings to continue in 1987
The most daring and brutal terrorist attack in Asia
last year occurred in September, when four armed
Palestinian gunmen stormed a Pan Am aircraft in
Karachi. The attack eventually left 22 persons dead
and nearly 100 others wounded. After initially killing
15
one American, the hijackers threatened to kill a
passenger every 10 minutes unless they were provided
a flightcrew and were flown to Cyprus. The deadlines
passed without incident, but when the aircraft lighting
failed, the terrorists opened fire on the passengers.
The four gunmen, along with a fifth conspirator
arrested later in Islamabad, were taken into Pakistani
custody. They have given varying accounts of their
origins and goals. Several groups claimed
responsibility for the hijacking, although we believe
the Abu Nidal Group was responsible ,and Libya
probably knew of and provided logistic (b)(3)t to the
operation.
Another incident that involved Libya occurred when a
bomb exploded at the Pakistan-Libyan Holding
Company in Karachi last March. The company was
founded as a joint venture, allegedly to invest in
small- and medium-sized companies. An unidentified
man reportedly planted a briefcase that exploded in
the company's reception area. One person was killed
and several others injured in the ensuing fire, which
destroyed most of the first and second floors of the
building. When Pakistani authorities detained a
Libyan executive of the company, he admitted to
being a Libyan intelligence agent and said he bombed
the company to prevent its financial records from
falling into the hands of the local authorities. The
Pakistani Government suspected that the Libyan was
involved in a plot to undermine 1-03).(a)lt Zia and
expelled him
Also in Karachi, a series of four bombs exploded in a
15-minute period during last July at four separate
locations, killing a local security guard and wounding
two other persons. The targets included the cargo
office of Pan American Airlines and three offices of
Saudia Airlines. Although no group has claimed
credit for the blasts, the police suspect Iranian
"Thteret...,
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involvement. Iranians previously had been involved in
antigovernment and anti-US terrorist attacks in
Pakistan. In the summer of 1985, Iranian officials
were believed to have been responsible for an attack
on the American Center in Lahore, the placement of a
bomb outside the Pan Am office in Karachi, and
antigovernment Shia demonstrations in Quetta,
Baluchistan, that lefib-3(13-ist 60 persons dead.
The Pakistani terrorist group Al-Zulfikar, which
raised concerns in 1983 and 1984 because it targeted
Americans and other Westerners, was inactive for a
second year. It apparently never recovered from its
attempt in July 1984 to seize foreign hostages in
Vienna�during which nine operatives were taken
into Austrian custody�and the death a year later of
one of its top leaders in France. Islamabad is still
concerned about the ability of Al-Zulfikar to threaten
the lives of Pakistani political leaders, but apparently
sidewalks, and a building near the Canadian
Embassy. Even though there were no casualties or
damage, the incident was embarrassing to the
Nakasone government, which had laid on
unprecedented security for the conference. We believe
Chukaku-ha realized that the attack would be
unsuccessful but went ahead to embarrass the
Nakasone government. The i (b)(3) received
worldwide attention.
In addition to attempts to disrupt the summit, radical
leftist groups continued their campaign against
Narita airport, the railway system, and Japanese
Government buildings throughout the year. Attacks
caused disl(b)(3), minor damage, and few injuries.
does not currently regard it as a serious tl(b)(3)
Domestic Terrorism in Japan
Radical leftist groups in Japan, particularly the
Chukaku-ha, caused most of the terrorism that
occurred in 1986. They mounted several operations in
opposition to the Tokyo Economic Summit, held last
May�three in March before the summit and one
during the May summit. All of the attacks were
designed to obtain maximum publicity and embarrass
the government. On 25 March, Senki Ara-ha (Battle
Flag ARA Faction) fired homemade incendiary
rockets from a parked car onto the grounds of the US
Embassy in Tokyo and the Japanese Imperial Palace.
Three days later the Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction)
fired three incendiary rockets from a van at an Osaka
police headquarters. On 31 March the radical
Hazama-ha faction launched three rockets from a
parked truck onto the grounds of the State Guest
House, where summit meetings were to be held.
Resurgence of the JRA?
An incident in Jakarta after the Tokyo Economic
Summit led to speculation that the Japanese Red
Army (JRA) might be active again. Two homemade
projectiles were fired at the US and Japanese
Embassies in Jakarta but both failed to explode. An
hour later, a car bomb exploded in the parking lot of
the Canadian Embassy and destroyed at least six cars.
The previously unknown "Anti-Imperialist
International Brigade" claimed responsiblity for the
attacks in retaliation for the antiterrorism declaration
of the Tokyo Economic Summit.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
As with most such attacks, there were no casualties
and little damage in any of these incidents. The only
attack that took place during the Tokyo summit
occurred on 4 May when Chukaku-ha fired five
homemade rockets at the State Guest House where
heads of foreign governments were arriving. All of the
rockets missed their target and struck the street,
The JRA made no claim concerning the incident,
although it had previously claimed credit for the
attacks it carried out in the 1970s. Japanese
authorities believe that Shirosaki may have acted
independently, or that he may be part of a faction that
broke away from the JRA in February. If the JRA
was involved in this incident, it would be the group's
first act of terrorism since September 1977, when the
group hijacked a Japan Airlines jetliner in Bombay
and landed in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In that incident the
hijackers demanded the release of six persons
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--Streret,
incarcerated in Japanese prisons in exchange for the
passengers. ShirosaI63)(3))ne of the six released.
Antigovernment Activity in the Philippines
Insurgents in the Philippines continued to engage in
terrorism to embarrass the Aquino government and
win support for their causes. Communist rebels
expanded their control over the countryside during the
year. The New People's Army (NPA) of the
Communist Party of the Philippines regularly
attacked government targets, conducted
assassinations and kidnapings, and extorted funds
during 1986. The NPA generally avoided attacks
against US and other foreign facilities, but in March
NPA guerrillas in Kalinga-Apayo Province held nine
US servicemen for more than 24 hours. The
Americans, who accidentally entered NPA territory,
were interrogated and then released unharmed. In the
coming year the ability to contain the threat from the
left will depend on President Aquino's development of
a coherent counterinsurgency program and her '-'
to deal with the senior military command
(b)(3)
The Muslim insurgency heated up slightly in 1986;
most attacks were conducted against traditional
police, army, and local political targets. In June and
July the Moro National Liberation Front�the largest
faction in the insurgency�kidnaped an American
missionary, a Filipino-American child, 10 Filipino
nuns, and a Swiss businessman and his local female
companion. Ransom was paid ---,ral cases and all
were released unharmed.
(b)(3)
The Tamils in Sri Lanka
Two spectacular attacks during 1986 represented a
new level of violence for Sri Lanka. In early May a
bomb blew the tail off an Air Lanka passenger jet
preparing to take off from Colombo for the Maldives,
killing 16 persons and injuring 41 others. In our
judgment the bomb exploded prematurely. It
probably was intended to go off shortly after takeoff,
while the plane was over Sri Lankan territory, in
order to cause maximum casualties. If the plane had
been airborne when the bomb went off -,,any as
150 persons could have been killed. (b)(3)
17
A few days later a bomb exploded in the Central
Telegraph Office in downtown Colombo, killing at
least 11 persons and wounding some 100 others.
Police sources believe the bomb consisted of 10
pounds of gelignite, which exploded near a crowded
public area inside the building, causing parts of two
floors to collapse into the employees' canteen in the
basement. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
(LTTE)�the most powerful and hardline insurgent
group�most likely were resp) for both terrorist
attacks.
These bombings occurred just after an Indian
Government delegation had arrived in Colombo to
explore ways of restarting stalled talks on Tamil
grievances. We believe the attacks were intended to
embarrass the government, provoke violence in the
capital, and torpedo the Indian-brokered peace talks
between the Sri Lankan Government and the Tamil
insurgents. Major Tamil groups in the future
probably will continue their attacks against Sinhalese
civilians, economic installations, and may target
foreign installations or individuals to foment
instability and force gov(b)(3)-it concessions on Tamil
autonomy.
India's Sikh Cauldron Still Boiling
Sikh militants proved throughout the year that they
intend to pursue terrorism to press their case for an
independent state. Militants continued to target
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, other Sikh moderates,
Hindus, and government security forces. When
approximately 600 Sikh extremists occupied the
Golden Temple in Amritsar early in the year, the
Punjab state government successfully assaulted the
Temple and drove them out. Extremists staged a
machinegun attack in a crowded market in May as
well as two vicious bus hijackings in July and
November that ended with the murders of all the
Hindu passengers. In October a Sikh gunman tried to
assassinate Prime Minister Gandhi during his visit to
the grave of Mahatma Gandhi. Six persons, including
two members of the Prime Minister's party were
slightly wounded, but Gandhi was unscathed.
(b)(3)
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The extensive overseas Sikh network was responsible
for several spectacular terrorist attacks or plots in
1985�the downing of an Air India airliner off the
Irish coast, the bomb explosion at Narita airport, and
the arrest of American Sikhs for conspiring to kill
Rajiv Gandhi. During 1986 there were no significant
terrorist attacks inside India by Sikh expatriates. We
believe Sikh militants will continue to rely on
violence, and may turn to increasingly spectacular
acts such as mass killings of Hindus, assassinations of
senior Indian officials. and attacks on Indian civil
aviation. (b)(3)
In Australia a rare terrorist incident occurred in
December. A car bomb exploded under the Turkish
Consulate building in Melbourne, killing one person
and injuring another. The entire floor housing the
Consulate was completely destroyed. A previously
unknown group, the "Greek-Bulgarian-Armenian
Front," claimed responsibility for the attack. The
suspects may be connected with a rightwing
Armenian terrorist group. This group assassinated the
Turkish Consul General in Sydney in 1980, but has
been inactive since 1985.
(b)(3)
Terrorism Elsewhere in Asia and the Pacific
Isolated acts of international terrorism worthy of
mention occurred in other areas of Asia and the
Pacific last year. Two terrorist attacks occurred in
Thailand in April, an attack at South Korea's Kimpo
Airport left five persons dead last September, and a
car bomb exploded at the Turkish Consulate in (b)(3)
Melbourne, Australia, in December.
In Thailand, a time bomb filled with nails exploded
near the entrance of the Erawan Hotel in Bangkok
shortly before Secretary of Defense Caspar
Weinberger was to attend a banquet. One Thai was
killed and two others wounded. There was no claim of
responsibility. A few weeks later a bomb exploded
inside the compound of the US Consulate in
Songkhla. The bomb was thrown from a passing car
and caused minor property damage and no casualties.
Thai authorities believe the attack was carried out by
members of the Pattani United Liberation
Organization (PULO), a group long-funded by Libya,
but only sporadically (b3)in the last 10 years.
In Korea, on the eve of the Asian Games, a bomb
exploded in a trash can near a crowded arrival
terminal at Kimpo Airport, killing five persons and
injuring 29. An anomyous caller told police that
radical South Korean students were responsible for
the incident. Seoul has claimed the explosion was a
North Korean�engineered attempt to disrupt the
Asian Games, but South Korean investigators have
been unable to turn up evidence that North Korea was
behind the bombing (b)(3)
18
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Thsetret�.
Emerging Terrorist Threat to
Scandinavia (b)(3)
The Scandinavian countries�Norway, Finland,
Sweden, and Denmark�have been relatively free of
terrorist activity, compared with Central Europe, and
likely will remain so for the near future. However,
recent trends in terrorist operations suggest that, in
the longer term, Scandinavia could well face a
significantly increased threat from terrorists. We
expect the threat will vary among the countries, with
Sweden and Denmark the most likely to experience
terrorism. Moreover, we expect that any increase in
terrorism probably would be related to causes external
to Scandinavia�principally the spillover of Middle
Eastern issues�rather than terrorism b(b)(3yected
against local Scandinavian targets.
Terrorists from outside the region have struck in
Scandinavia on several occasions in recent years. For
example, a US airline office and a Jewish synagogue
in Copenhagen, Denmark, were bombed in July 1985.
In 1986 two embassies were attacked: the Soviet
Embassy was bombed in December, and radicals
seized the Peruvian Embassy for several hours last
April. Also last April, a small bomb exploded outside
a US airline office in Stockholm, and the African
National Congress office there was bombed last
September. The most dramatic example of the
region's vulnerability to terrorism was the murder of
Swedish Prime Minister Olaf Palme on 28 February
1986; the perpetrator- ' 'heir nationality are still
unknown. (b)(3)
Terrorist-related activities have recently prompted
more action from authorities. A Swedish national of
Middle East origin was one of six persons arrested in
October 1986 in London for plotting to kill the Israeli
Ambassador to Great Britain. The Swede reportedly
was a courier for the Abu Nidal organization. London
deported him to Sweden without prosecuting him.
Stockholm ordered the expulsion of the deputy chief
of the PLO Information Office last December
because Swedish security officials believed she had
widespread contacts with terr,-;-* �oups, possibly
including Abu Nidal. (b)(1)
(b)(3)
Other groups have ties to Scandinavia as well.
Norwegian radical leftist groups may have links to the
Irish Republican Army. Members of the Armenian
Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA)
reside in Denmark, and the Kurdish Workers Party
(PKK) is active in Sweden and Denmark. Dissension
within the PKK apparently sparked three attacks on
Kurds in Sweden and Denmark last year that left two
persons dead and one wounded. PKK activity has
been especially unsettling to Stockholm since there is
some evidence the group may have been involved in
Olaf Palme's assassination. The Stockholm police
have pursued the possible connection aggressively but
have failed to develop compelling evidence. Several
Kurds were arrested in January 1987 but (b)(3)
subsequently were released.
Since 1984 the Scandinavian countries have
experienced an influx of immigrants from the Middle
East who could be tapped for support of terrorist
operations.
(b)(1)
In Norway the
arrival of as many as 100,000 immigrants from the
Middle East, Africa, and Asia has hindered the
performance of background checks by authorities.
Denmark has accepted approximately 6,000 Middle
Eastern immigrants since 1985. Although no figures
are available, Sweden, and possibly Finland, may
have experienced a similar influx.
(b)(3)
Improved counterterrorist efforts elsewhere in
Western Europe may force terrorist groups to look for
fresh ground for their activities. Terrorists may find
Scandinavia an inviting option because it has less
19
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stringent security than in most of the rest of Europe,
and it houses the same range of targets as elsewhere:
synagogues, airline offices, mass transportation
terminals, embassies, and tourist attractions. Other
West European countries have stepped up security at
government facilities and airports, and American
diplomatic and military installations also (b)(3)
upgraded their security
In the face of these efforts, some terrorist groups may
have begun to seek out more hospitable loc(b)( )for
planning their terrorist operations.
Hawari terrorist organization, which is tied to
Palestinian Liberation Organization chief Yasir
Arafat, reportedly has begun to look at Asia and
Africa because Europe had been too difficult for
recruitment and obtaining logistic support. There are
as yet no indications that such terrorists are turning to
Scandinavia as fertile ground, but, in time, the region
could become as attractive as other areas outside
central Europe.
(b)(3)
If terrorist groups significantly expand their activities
in the Nordic region, we expect they will move in
several stages. Initially, Scandinavia could be used as
an entry point to the rest of Western Europe. The
recent arrests of several terrorists arriving in Europe
from the Middle East, such as Mohammad
Hammadi, one of the TWA Flight 847 hijackers, may
signal Middle Eastern terrorist groups that central
Europe is becoming more dangerous as a transit point
and make Scandinavia more attractive. Eastern
Europe has been used in this fashion by Middle
Eastern terrorists, but some of the countries have
taken steps to monitor more closely, and in some cases
curb, the flow.
several Iranians allegedly traveled
through Denmark and Sweden to carry out attacks
against Arab airlines operating in Western Europe.
Scandinavian security authorities have expressed
concern that they cannot adequately monitor the
movement of persons they suspect may be rnnnected
with terrorist activities (b)(3)
Terrorist groups also could find Scandinavia
convenient as a logistic base for their operations.
Weapons and explosives stolen from an unguarded
military ammunition storage bunker in Sweden last
November have been sold to Middle Eastern terrorists
operating in France.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Terrorists probably would select American, Israeli, or
Jewish interests in Scandinavia as primary targets.
Nordic governments generally have been sympathetic
to Arab concerns, and attacks on Scandinavians could
jeopardize that good will. There are no US military
installations in Scandinavia, although there are
NATO-associated facilities in Norway and Denmark.
Numerous US businesses are represented in the
region, which is also popular with American tourists,
providing a variety of potential targets. Police foiled
an attempt last September against a passenger ferry
running between Stockholm and Helsinki after a
phone caller reported the ferry would be sunk to P-') )
the many Americans who were aboard
(b)(3)
an Arab
terrorist team was in Stockholm to attack the
American or Israeli Embassies or other US civili;(b)(3
targets there, but no attacks occurred.
(b)(1)
internatiin,\ fo
terrorist groups have as yet focused on ScandinaW.).
Nevertheless, government officials throughout the
region have indicated an increasing awareness of the
potential threat, forcefully brought home to them by
Olaf Palme's assassination. The greatest threat in
Scandinavia appears to be in Sweden and Denmark
where terrorists have carried or "-- majority of
attacks
(b)(3)
Scandinavian officials have voiced fears that lax
physical security at airports, government facilities,
and around their political leaders, combined with
their limited ability to track individuals traveling in
the region, could make Scandinavia an inviting area
to terrorists. Sweden's expulsion of a PLO official
reportedly signaled Stockholm's resolve not to allow
terrorists to use Sweden as a staging area, and the
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government is planning additional steps to reinforce
that perception. The other countries in the region have
taken such steps as increasing funds earmarked for
counterterrorist efforts and providing additional
training for security forces, but these efforts are
relatively modest and may not be adequate for even
the limited threat currently facing the region.
(b)(3)
Reverse Blank
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-"Sztret...
(b)(1)
(b)(1)
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Fatah Official Implicated in
TWA Flight 840 Attack m(`-')
(b)(1)
a
Palestinian group that is a part of Fatah was
responsible for the TWA Flight 840 attack on 2 April
1986. The explosion occurred shortly before the
aircraft was to land in Athens and killed four
Americans.
a Lebanese Christian, May Mansour, as the
perpetrator.
that she was working on behalf of Fatah's Colonel
Hawari. Hawari, a close confidant of PLO chief Yasir
Arafat, heads a special Fatah security unit. May
Mansour�who also had ties to a Syrian-backed
group�reportedly was recruited by a Hawari
operative to serve as a courier. Mansour reportedly
received the explosives to place aboard the aircraft
from Hawari operatives in Cairo. The explosion
ripped a hole in the fuselage and killed the four�
including a 9-month-old baby�when they
sucked out of the aircraft
(b)(3)
Moroccan authorities arrested four Hawari
operatives�two Palestinians and two Tunisians�last
August who were carrying explosive devices and false
passports one of the Palestinians
revealed Mansour's involvement in the attack and also
identified her as one of 14 Hawari operatives
responsible for bomb attacks. The technology of the
bombing device used on TWA 840 resembled that
used by the radical Palestinian 15 May Organization,
whose former operatives ha" hi working with the
Hawari group.
(b)(3)
The arrest of the four Hawari operatives in Morocco
fueled intense debate within Fatah over Hawari's
operations and raised questions concerning Arafat's
knowledge of these operations,
The arrests also caused friction between
the PLO and Tunisia after it was discovered that
Hawari maintained a covert office in Tunis. Tunisia
reportedly expelled Hawari and his apparat from
Tunisia shortly after the arrests in Morocco. The PLO
also apparently was forced to reduce its presence in
Tunisia
(b)(3)
Reverse Blank
23
After Hawari's expulsion from Tunisia, he reportedly
returned to Baghdad, Iraq, where he also maintains a
home and an office. His activities were reportedly
temporarily suspended, probably because of pressure
from angered Fatah and PLO officials. In late
December, however, Hawari reportedly returned to
work in his Baghdad office and resumed the positie-
as head of his organization.
(b)3)
In early January, PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat
reportedly ordered Colonel Hawari to suspend foreign
terrorist operations. The group's resources were to be
used instead against Amal and Syrian forces in
Lebanon. Arafat reportedly is willing, however, to
allow Hawari's group to help the radical Shi(b)(1 )
Hizballah conduct foreign terrorist operation(b)(3)
Arafat's order probably does not mean that Hawari
has been taken out of the terrorism business but more
likely reflects the importance the PLO places on the
war of the camps in Lebanon and Arafat's strong
commitment to reestablishing a PLO presence in
Lebanon. Syria and Israel may become the short-term
focus of Hawari's operations�probably in an effort to
further the PLO's goals in Lebanon. The group's
willingness to assist Hizballah in foreign terrorist
operations, however means operations could fc--- --
Western targets
(b)(3)
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I March 1878
2 March 1956
2 March 1972
2 March 1977
3 March 1961
4 March 1982
6 March 1957
The Terrorism Diary for March
Below is a compendium of March dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself
be construed to suggest that we exnect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
event. (b)(3)
Bulgaria. Independence Day.
Morocco. Independence Day. Termination of Treaty of Fez.
El Salvador. Founding of People's Revolutionary Army (ERP).
Libya. Establishment of Jamahiriyah (masses' state).
Morocco. Accession of King Hassan to throne.
Colombia and United States. Effective date of extradition treaty aimed at
narcotics traffickers.
Ghana. Independence Day.
6 March 1975 Kurdish regions. Algerian accord between Iran and Iraq, abandoning support of
the Kurds.
10 March 1979 Kurdish regions. Death of Kurdish leader Mulla Mustafa Barzani.
11 March 1966 Indonesia. President Sukarno turns over power to Soeharto.
12 March Gabon. National Day.
12 March 1880 Turkey. Birthday of Kemal Ataturk.
12 March 1968 Mauritius. Independence Day.
13 March 1979 Grenada. National Day. Commemorates coup d'etat by Maurice Bishop.
14 March 1975 Japan. Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) Secretary General Honda assassinated by
rival radical group.
15 March 1962 Angola. Founding of National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA).
16 March 1921 Armenians. Signing of Soviet-Turkish border treaty that ended Armenian hopes of
establishing a separate, independent state.
17 March
Ireland. St. Patrick's Day. Ireland's National Day.
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20 March 1981 Colombia. Death of M-19 terrorist Carmenza Londono ("La Chiqui").
21 March Kurdish regions. Kurdish New Year.
21 March Palestinians. "International Day of Solidarity With the Struggle of the Arab
People of Palestine Against Israeli Aggressors."
21 March 1960 South Africa. Sharpeville Massacre of black demonstrators by security forces.
22 March 1945 Middle East. Founding of Arab League. Original members: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan,
Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria.
23 March 1956 Pakistan. Pakistan Day. Founding of Islamic republic.
24 March 1972 Northern Ireland. Beginning of direct rule by British Government.
24 March 1976 Argentina. President Isabel Peron ousted by Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla.
24 March 1980 El Salvador. Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero assassinated by rightists.
24 March 1986 Libya and United States. US naval forces cross "line of death" in Gulf of Sidra
and engage Libyan forces. Four Libyan patrol boats sunk or damaged and an
SA-5 radar site crippled.
25 March 1821
25 March 1975
25 March 1980
26 March 1971
26 March 1978
28 March
28 March 1970
28 March 1980
Greece. Greek Revolution Memorial Day. Commemorates independence from
Turkey.
Saudi Arabia. Assassination of King Faisal and accession of King Khalid.
El Salvador. US Embassy attacked by Popular Liberation Forces (FPL) in
response to assassination of Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero the previous day;
since then, FPL attacks have been relatively more frequent between 25 March and
6 April than during rest of year.
Bangladesh. Independence Day.
Egypt and Israel. Peace agreement ratified.
Palestinians. National Day.
Libya. UK Evacuation Day. Day British forces turned over bases and departed.
El Salvador. Government expropriates plantations; Salvation Movement of
28 March (MS-28) takes its name from this event.
28 March 1980 Italy. Four members of Red Brigades die in shootout with Carabinieri in Genoa.
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29 March 1969 Philippines. Founding of New People's Army, military arm of Communist Party
of the Philippines.
30 March 1976 Palestinians. Day of the Homeland.
30 March 1986 France. Andre Olivier, cofounder of Action Directe, arrested in Lyon.
31 March Malta. National Day.
(b)(3)
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Chronology of Terrorism-1986/1987
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving
terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, which have occurred or come to light
since our last issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not
be known. Events and developments tha(b )(3)already been described elsewhere in
this publication are not included
17 September
18 September
19 September
Spain: Spanish Interior and Justice Ministers testify about their defiance in 1984
of court orders in a Bilbao police brutality trial. A criminal judge had ordered 90
civil guards to appear for possible identification by a Basque Fatherland and
Liberty Organization-Military Wing (ETA-M) member, who alleged he had been
tortured. The Ministers argued that the appearance of(b)-(3--jards in open court
could expose them to retaliation by ETA-M
Spain: In Vitoria a bomb explodes at bank, causing minor damage and no
injuries; another bomb is safely defused. No group claimed responsibility, but
authorities attribute the be�'-- *- Iraultza, because of factors consistent with the
group's activities.
Spain: Police Police arrest two suspected Basque Fatherland and Liberty Organization
members in San Sebastian; seize small weapons cache. Both men were detained
under an antiterrorist law allowing suspects to be held incommunicado for up to 10
days. (b)(3)
22 September Portugal: American International School in Lisbon rnPn;ves bomb threat. A
(b)(3)
December
7 and 15 December
12 December
13 December
search was conducted with negative results.
Iraq: Military factory blows up. The Iraqi Mujahedin claimed responsibility.
(b)(3)
Italy: Two Red Brigades members recaptured in Milan and Forli Province.
Calagero Diana and Giuseppe di Cecco had escaped from a Novara hospital on
22 September. Both had been transferred(b)(3) maximum security prison to the
hospital during a hunger strike.
France: Paris court sentences founder of the Armenian Secret Army for the
Liberation of Armenia-Revolutionary Movement (ASALA-RM) to six years
imprisonment. Monte Melkonian was convicted on 28 November 1986. In its
justification the court placed 7-'4�tar emphasis on Melkonian's leading role in
ASALA-RM. (b)(3)
Netherlands: Police arrest three members of the Red Revolutionary Front (RRF).
The extreme leftist action group, believed to be composed of four to six members in
The Hague area, has claimed responsibility for four bombing incidents this year.
Police believe these arrests have effectively neutralized the RRF.
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17 December
18 December
21 December
27 December
January
Early January
France: Hendaye border police hand over suspected Basque Fatherland and
Liberty member to Spanish authorities. Jose-Maria Olabarrieta-Olabarrieta, alias
"Toxema," was the 26th Spanish Basque expelled by France since July 1986.
Guadeloupe: French police arrest suspected terrorist member in Point-a-Pitre.
Jean-Charles Laporal is believed to be a member of Affiche Rouge, a branch of
the better known Action Directe terrorist group. He is believed to have committed
armed rnhherieS at various branches of the Bank of Lyon in France in 1981 and
1982. (b)(3)
Corsica: Fifteen bombs explode in Bastia, damaging houses, apartments, and
automobiles but causing no injuries. Another eight bombs were defused or failed
to explode. The NFront for the Liberation of Corsica claimed responsibility
for the blasts.
Corsica: Nine bomb explosions damage various French-owned targets but cause
no injuries. No one claimed responsibility hut police suspect the National Front
for the Liberation of Corsica (b)(3)
Iran: Blast destroys weapons depot. Over 500 Iranian Revolutionary(E)(3)1s were
reported killed. No group has claimed responsibility
Jordan: Authorities arrest 11 members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PFLP). Among them was the most senior PFLP member operating in
Jordan. Some of the group were charged with "security offenses." (b)(13)
Kuwait: Police arrest 11 suspected in oilfield fires of 19 January. The suspects
were in posse(b)(3)f arms and explosives. Five Kuwaiti citizens are still being
sought.
Guadeloupe: Radical independence group member receives five-year prison
sentence for 1983 police station bombing in Basse-Terre. Leila Cassubie turned
herself in to French authorities in October. She is the first fugitive to take
(b)(3)
advantage of an amnesty program for Guadeloupean terrorists.
Turkey: Police arrest five suspected members of a separatist group in Malatya.
Officials believe the five were engaged in r-(6)73'--)iting an illegal organization. They
were writing to potential members.
1 January Israel: Small bomb explodes at bus stop in Kefar Sava. There were no injuries.
2 January
(b)(3)
(b)(3)
West Bank: Explos13)(i)lrge discovered in Nablus. Police detonated the bomb
without incident k
Spain: Two bombs explode at Navacerrada ski resort hotel, causing extensive
damage but no injuries. Shortly before the blasts, a caller warned of the bombs,
claiming responsibility in the name of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty
organization
(b)(3)
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4 January
Spain: Suspected Basque Fatherland and Liberty organization guerrillas burn
French Peugeot car showroom in Mondragon. Police reported the blaze may have
been caused by a bomb. There was no claim for the attack (b)(3)
France: Smoke grenade detonates under US Embassy vehicle near residential
compound at Boulonge,(6)(3) were no injuries or damage. No group claimed
responsibility
5 January West Bank: Molotov cocktail smashes wi,-(b)d of an Israeli bus near
Ramallah. No one was hurt.
6 January Israel: Katyusha rockets ca.b,r,, r)(3)ught damage in Galilee. The rockets were fired
(
7 January
8 January
10 January
10 January
10-11 January
11 January
12 January
from Lebanon
West Bank: Molotov cocktail thrown at man guarding parking 63)(3)sraeli bus
company. The firebomb ignited but caused no damage
Spain: Small bomb explodes at French car dealership in Bilbao, causing minor
damage to cars in showroom. There was no claim for the attack, but police beliPvP
the Basque Fatherland and Liberty organization was responsible. (b)(3)
West Bank: Molotov cocktail thrown at Ivrapi; bus in Nablus. No injuries or
damages were reported (b)(3)
Israel: Bomb desti(b)(3)ar in Kiryat Malachi, south of Tel Aviv. There were no
casualties. 1
Gaza Strip: Molotov 00)1 thrown at Israeli car. The car was destroyed but no
one was hurt.
West Bank: Arab mayor of Bethle,ib- ofthes threats. He was warned against
continuing ties to Jordan.
� Netherlands: Arson attack against Amsterdam supermarket causes extensive
damage but no injuries. The previously unknown "Revolutionar(b)(3)Racist
Action Group" (RARA) claimed responsibility
Lebanon: Two Nepalese UNIFIL soldiers are shot and wounded in southern
Lebanon. The incident occurred when several Shiltes tried to force their way
through a UNIFIL position. (b)(3)
Gaza Strip: Molotov cocktails thi(b)(3)' Israeli cars in Gaza and Rafah. The
firebombs failed to ignite.
Lebanon: Bomb explosion in West Beirut government building damages Ministry
of Tourism offices and Beirut Radio. There has been no claim of responsibility (b)(3)
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13 January
14 January
Mid-January
casualties.
Lebanon: Israeli aircraft attack Palestinian targets in southern Lebanon. The
proximity of the facilities to Syrian-controlled ar(b)(3);gests that Israel may have
been warning Damascus as well
Lebanon: Three bombs explode at gate of Ghazzah Hospital in West Beirut,
killing four Amal members and injuring three others. The "Forces of the Free
Men of Beirut," a previously unknown group, has claimed responsibility.
West Bank: Firebombs A/7,...,1e an Israeli bus near refugee camp. There were no
(b)(3)
Turkey: Adana military court sentences rightist militants. Two members of the
Ulkucu Youth Association (UGD) were sentenced to death for killing 22 persons in
Adana in September 1980. The court also sentenced two other members of the
group to life impl(b)(3)mt, while 11 others received prison terms ranging from two
to 36 years,
Turkey: Three Dev Vol (Revolutionary Way) members sentenced to death by Adana
military court. The court upheld its earlier dec(3)/hich had been reversed by
the military high appeals court.
Turkey: Eight persons arrested for the sabotage of an ammunition factory last
summer. The Turkis(b)(3)munist Party Union (TKP-B) took credit for the
incident
15 January West Bank: Men tht(b)-(3)stones attack Israeli vehicles and an IDF post. There
were no injuries.
16 January
Turkey: Separatists attack a village in Mardin, wounding (b)(3y0n5. The
militants clashed with village guards and then fled.
(b)(3)
West Germany: Former pilot for Iranian Majlis Speaker Rafsanjani assassinated.
The victim had defected to Iraq in the summer of 1986. His assailants escaped, but
they are almost certainly Iranian Government agents. (b)(3)
Lebanon: Boobytrapped car explodes in Al-Hadath, injuring a child. The car had
been rigged with an explosive charg- --'^hing 500 kilograms. No group has
claimed responsibility (b)(3)
17 January Gaza Strip: Molotov cocktail thrown at Isi(b)(3)r. The firebomb exploded on the
road and caused no damage.
Israel: Israeli brothers stabbed in Jerusalem. One youth wa(b)(aysly wounded.
The PLO and Abu Nidal both claimed responsibility.
Israel: Youths attack Arab boy in Jewish neighborhood of Jerusalem. The boy
required medical treatment. This attack was probably retaliation for stabbing of
Jewish youths on the same day. (b)(3)
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19 January
20 January
21 January
21 and 24 January
22 January
Lebanon: Hizballah car bomb, intended for use against Iraqi Embassy or
American Ambassador, detonates prematurely while being rigged in garage. The
explosion, which occurred in the town of Brital in the Bekaa Valley, destroyed the
car and the garage and injured four Hizballah members
Turkey: Diyarbakir martial law court sentences four Kurdish Workers Party
(PKK) members to life imprisonment. Seven of the remaining defendants were
sentenced to jail terms ranging from 10 to 20 years, while seven others were
acquitted (b)(3)
Gaza Strip: Molotov cocktails thrown at Israeli car. The (1-6)----(1-3) missed the target.
Several suspects were detained for questioning
Chile: Authorities announce that a doctor and a nurse have been arrested in
connection with an attempt on the life of President Augusto Pinochet last
September. The two arc(b)(3):ted members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic
Front
(b)(3)
Belgium: Suspected terrorist released after year in custody on charges of criminal
conspiracy. Luc van Acker was arrested in January 1986 during a police raid on a
Communist Combatant Cells safehouse in Brussels. At the time of his arrest, 1-u(b)(3)
was linked to another group, the Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action.
Kuwait: Missiles launched at Kuwaiti island. Authorities reportedly believe they
were Iranian-directed and intended disrupt the Islamic Conference summit
meetings in Kuwait. (b)(3)
Italy: Three suspected Red Brigades members captured after Rome shootout. Two
of the terrorists were injured and a fourth suspect escaped. A passerby was also
wounded. Paolo Cassetta, the best kr---- -4' the three, had been sought by the
police for over a year. (b)(3)
Turkey: Eight villagers killed by guerri,(b)(3. )Uludere attack The Kurdish
Workers Party is suspected.
Iraq: Unconfirmed rumors report Saddam Husayn injured in assassinati(b--)(3)
attempt. Some circumstantial evidence supports the report.
Colombia: Norwegian police said that Colombia's Ambassador to Norway, Nazly
Lozano Eljure, has been placed under heavy police guard at her request, after the
shooting of Colombia's Ambassador in Budapest in early January. In the past,
Lozano has strongly supported a strong stance against drug traffickers and was
posted at the Oslo Embassy in September 1986 to ensure her safety (b)(3)
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23 January
24 January
25 January
26 January
27 January
France: In Bastia, Corsica, a bomb explodes outside the apartment of the French
Interior Minister's niece, hours after he dissolved the Corsican Movement for
Self-Defense (MCA) at a Cabinet meeting. No one was injured in the blast. The
French Interior Minister, also a Corsican, has renewed a crackdown on the group,
which is considered a front for the outlawed Corsican National Liberation Front.
(b)(3)
West Bank: Explosive charge discovered at Chl",`"4 Hatikva settlement. The
bomb was safely dismantled. (b)(3)
Turkey: Suspected Kurdish Workers Party separatists attack two houses near
Midyat with firearms and handgrenades, killing 10 villagers and injuring six
others. All were members of two families. Six of the dead were children. � (b)(3)
Kuwait: Bomb explodes near hotel in Salhia District. The bomb, which was
placed under a car, caused no casualties. The "Revolutionary $)(3zation Forces
of the Prophet Mohammad" claimed responsibility
France: Three bombs found in Basque country police stations. One device exploded
in Espelette, causing no damage or injuries. The other two unexploded devices
were found nearby, in Ustaritz and Bayonne. No group cla;--4 -f...sponsibility for
the bombs, although Iparretarak is suspected. (b)(3)
Peru: Fifteen bombs explode in town of Huancayo, east of Lima, causing
blackouts and serious damage. The targets included stores, banks, and homes of
local goverr(b)(3yfficials. Sendero Luminoso terrorists probably are responsible.
Lebanon: Bomb explodes at Channel 7 television station in West Beirut, causing a
number of casualties and material damage. The Lebanese Liberation
(b)(3)anizati01 has claimed responsibility for the explosion of the 6-kilogram bomb.
Peru: Sendero Luminoso terrorists attack Indian Embassy in Lima, killing three
police officers. The eight-man group approached the Embassy in daylight, both by
vehicle and disguised as street vendors. The attack probably was intended to
protest President Garcia's recent official trip to India (b)(3)
Peru: Sendero Luminoso terrorists simultaneously take over the Cuban Prensa
Latina and Britain's Reuter news agency offices in Lima. The terrorists issued
statements denouncing President Garcia's trip to India and his efrnrt to assume
third world leadership. No injuries were reported. (b)(3)
Spain: Parcel bomb explodes in Pamplona store, killing the owner and injuring
seven others. The blast destroyed the store and damaged adjacent apartments and
nearby cars. No one claimed responsibility. (b)(3)
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Colombia: Terrorists bomb offices of National Tax Administration in Bogota,
causing one injury but little damage. The terrorists probably are taking advantage
of popular dissatisfaction with the country's recent tax reform law, believed by
many to discriminate in favor of the upper classes. (b)(3)
28 January
30 January
Late January
West Bank: Package bomb dismantled; intended for Mayor Fr, 9%; ilethlehem.
Two Sunni Muslim suspects have been arrested. (b)(3)
Gaza: Israeli border police fire on young Gazan demonstrators. Three youths were
injured, one 14-year-old died from his wounds. (b)(3)
Turkey: Diyarbakir court tries 28 Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) members for
attacks in Uludere. The military prosecutor has demanded the death penalty for
one of the accused. The suspect may have been involved in the PKK attack that
provoked a Turkish air raid on PKK camps in Iraq last August. The prosecutor
requested four years' imprisonment for each of the remaining 27 defendants. (b)()
1 February Israel: Bomb explodes on Israeli bus traveling from Haifa to Jerusalem. Nine
persons were injured, one seriously
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