JANIS 75 CHAPTER XIII JOINT ARMY-NAVY INTELLIGENCE STUDY OF KOREA

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• Case Number: F-2017-01061
• Publication Date: April 1, 1945

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DOCUMENT N.
13
JANIS 15
CHAPTER XIII
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JOINT ARMY-NAVY INTELLIGENCE STUDY
OF
KOREA
(INCLUDING TSUSHIMA AND QUELPART)
NAVAL FACILITIES
APRIL 1945
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List of Effective Pages, Chapter XIII
CIIANGE IN
SUBJECT MATTER ETTEC T
Cover Page Origin al
List of Effective Pages and Table of Contents,
Chapter XIII (inside front cover) Origin al
Text and Figures Origin al
Figure (insert, reverse blank) Origin al
Text Origin al
Figure (insert, reverse blank) Origin al
Imprint (inside back cover, reverse blank) Origin al
130. INTRODUCTION
131. ORGANIZATION
PAGE NUMBERS
unnumbered
unnumbered
pp. XIII-1 to X111-4
Figure XIII-2
pp. XIII-5 to XHI-8
Figure XIII-3
unnumbered
Table of Conte nts
Note: This chapter is based upon information available in Washington, D. C., on 1 March 1945.
A. Administration
(1) Guard districts
(2) Functions
(3) Command
13. Normal distribution of forces
(1) Sea forces
(2..s, Land forces
01'; Air forces
132. SUPPLY AND MAINTENANCE
A. Depots
Page
-1XIII
XIII -1
XIE -1
XIII -1
-1XIII
XIII -1
XIII-
XIII -1
XIII - 2
XIII - 2
B. Shipbuilding and repair facilities
133. NAVAL BASES AND STATIONS
A. Rashin Naval Station
XIII - 2
(1) General description
(2) Naval harbor and anchorage
(3) Supplies
(4) Munitions
(5) Additional naval establishments
(6) Personnel
B. Wonsan (Genzan)
XIII - 2
XIII - 2
XIII - 2
XIII - 2
XIII - 2
XIII -3
XIII - 3
XIII -3
(1) General description XIII - 3
(2) Naval facilities XIII - 3
C. Takeshiki XIII - 3
(1) General description XIII - 3
(2) Entrances and anchorages XIII - 3
(.3) Naval installations XIII - 3
Page
D. Chinkai Naval Station XIII - 3
(1) General description XIII - 3
(2) Harbor XIII - 3
(3) Entrance channels XIII - 4
(4) Anchorages XIII - 5
(5) Naval loafing and unloading facilities XIII - 5
(6) Storage facilities XIII - 5
(7) Supplies XIII - 5
(8) Facilities for clearing port XIII - 5
(9) Shipyard and repair facilities XIII - 5
(10) Naval factories XIII - 6
(11) Other naval establishments XIII - 6
(12) Personnel XIII - 6
(13) Vulnerability XIII - 6
E. Inch'on (Jinsen) XIII - 6
(1) General description XIII - 6
(2) Supplies XIII - 6
(3) Naval facilities XIII - 6
F. Chinnamp'o (Chinnampo) XIII - 6
(1) General description XIII - 6
(2) Naval facilities XIII - 6
134. POTENTIAL NAVAL FACILITIES XIII-- 6
A. Unggi (Yuki) XIII - 6
B. Ch'ongjin XIII - 6
C. P'ohang-dong (Hoko-to) XIII - 6
D. Pusan (Fusan) XIII - 6
E. Yosu (Reisui) -XIII - 7
F. Cheju-do (Saishu-to) XIII 7
G. Mok'po (Moppo) XIII - 7
H. Paengyong-do (Hakurei-to) XIII - 7
I. Kyomip'o (Kenjiho) XIII - 7
J. Pyongyang (Fleijo) XIII - 7
K. Taeciasa-do (Daitasa-to) XIII - 7
135. PRINCIPAL SOURCES XIII - 7
..-4611witsuL
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130. Introduction
Information at present available does not give much con-
firmation to the many reports of a general development of naval
facilities in Korea. What development has taken place seems
to be concentrated largely in the two naval stations of Chinkai
and Rashin. Other facilities, usually minor in scope, are found
at various ports along the coasts of Korea. These include fuel
depots, submarine bases, naval air stations, and others. Informa-
tion concerning these is meager and in many cases amounts to
no more than mere rumor.
In this chapter will be found a discussion of the naval
organization of Korea (Topic 131 ) ; an indication of the naval
supplies available in Korea, and of the negligible facilities for
fleet repair (Topic 132) ; and a description of the various naval
stations, bases, and other installations, whose existence has been
established, or concerning which there are unconfirmed reports
(Topics 133 and 134).
131. Organization
A. Administration.
(1) Guard districts.
For purposes of naval administration the Japanese Empire
is divided into 4 major units called naval districts, all of which
have headquarters in Japan proper, and 7 minor but relatively
autonomous units called guard districts, all but 2 of which are in
outlying regions of the empire. Korea has two of these guard
districts, the Chinkai Guard District, and the Rashin* Guard
District (FIGURE XIII - 2 ) . The former of these is the most
important and includes the southern coast of Korea, from a
point just below the 36th parallel, and the entire western coast.
Off the southeast coast the district embraces the important
channels of ChOsen-kaikya and Tsushima-kaikya To the
south it includes the island of Cheju-do (Saishn-to) and extends
to a point below Sasebo. To the west it extends to a line about
midway between Korea and the Shantung Peninsula. The
Rashin Guard District includes the eastern coast from a point
just north of the 36th parallel to a position beyond Najin
(Rashin) and Unggi (Ydki) and embraces the water area
bounded by a line running south from Najin to a point just off
the coast of Honshu.
(2) Functions.
The functions of the naval guard districts are, roughly speak-
ing, the same as those of the naval districts. These functions
fall into 4 main types: coordination of all naval activities, main-
tenance of the fleet, defense, and naval training. The two
Korean Guard Districts, while much more restricted in their
activities than the naval and guard districts of the mainland,
carry out all these functions in some degree.
* The guard districts, being divisions set up by the Japanese Navy, are given
their Japanese names. However, when the towns themselves are referred to,
Korean will be used.
(a) Coordination. In each of the guard districts there is
a headquarters which has under its jurisdiction any navy yards,
submarine or destroyer bases, and fueling depots within its
area. It directs all other shore-based activities such as naval
aviation, shore defense from sea and air attack, naval training,
and medical activities and has supervision of the fleet units per-
manently based in its district as well as of all personnel whether
engaged in sea or land activities.
(b) Maintenance. Each guard district provides, in greater
or less degree, fuel for naval vessels, supplies of all types, fleet
anchorages, and facilities for repairs.
(c) Defense. The primary function of the guard districts,
particularly of the two in Korea, is the protection of the sea and
air frontiers of the empire. This function is carried out by small
fleet units called guard divisions, defense divisions, patrol divi-
sions, mine divisions, picket boat divisions, and perhaps sub-
marine divisions (Topic 131, B). The defense responsibility is
also shared by naval air stations within the districts, by various
strategically located defense stations provided with coast artil-
lery and antiaircraft guns, and by numerous lookout stations
(Chapter XII).
(d) Naval training. The Korean Guard Districts conduct
some small-scale training activities. More important, however,
they have probably assumed responsibility for the recruiting of
the Koreans now being used by the Japanese Navy.
(3) Command.
The guard district is directed by a commander in chief who
in matters concerning war plans and operations, is subordinate
to the chief of the naval general staff, and in the administrative
channel, is under the minister of the navy. This commander in
chief has the rank of vice-admiral. He is also commandant of the
main naval base of the district and of the district headquarters
located there. At present a commander in chief of a guard dis-
trict is in the same echelon of command as the commander in
chief of a naval district. Before 1936 the guard districts were
under the jurisdiction of the naval districts to which they were
contiguous.
B. Normal distribution of forces.
(1) Sea forces.
The sea forces which are permanently attached to guard dis-
tricts are smaller than the comparable units which are stationed
at the main naval districts. Though available information con-
cerning the two Korean guard districts is sketchy, their forces
are thought to include the following small fleet units: guard
divisions, defense divisions, patrol divisions, minelayer divi-
sions, picket-boat divisions, and possibly submarine divisions.
Identified forces attached to the Korean Guard Districts are
shown in TABLE XIII - 1.
� (a) Guard divisions. The guard division, usually with
converted tuna-fishing boats among its components, has as its
main purpose the protection of harbors and coastal installa-
tions.
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(b) Defense division. This unit is made up of destroyers
and smaller vessels, such as torpedo boats, converted gunboats,
and similar vessels. It operates further offshore than the guard
division.
(c) Patrol division. This division, composed of small
miscellaneous craft, is used primarily for patrolling coastal
waters.
(d) Minelayer division. This unit, as its name indicates,
is composed of minelayers.
(e) Picket-boat division. Generally made up of fishing
vessels equipped with radio, armed with light machine guns, and
manned by a crew of about fifteen, the picket-boat division
operates far offshore.
(f) Submarine division. Available information makes it
extremely doubtful whether any division composed of sub-
marines is permanently stationed in Korea.
(2) Land forces.
The land force is the tactical name applied to the various
naval units assigned to guard duties on land. It includes the
units manning the naval fortresses, fortified zones, lookout
stations, defense stations, and antiaircraft and regular batteries,
as well as those doing sentry duty as various naval establish-
ments.
(3) Air forces.
Aviation units are associated with each of the guard districts
and exist, not only at the naval stations which are the head-
quarters of the guard districts, but in various other strategic
points within the districts.
TABLE Xiii -
FORCES ATTACHED TO THE GUARD DISTRICTS IN KOREA
GUARD
DIS-
TRICT SEA LAND
Chinkai Chinkai Guard
Division
Chinkai Defense
Division
Minelayer divi-
sion
Rashin Rashin Guard
Division
Rashin Defense
Division
Patrol division
Picket-boat divi-
sion
AIR
21 defense Chinkai Naval
stations Air Station,
29 lookout and others
stations
Fortified zones
at Rashin and
Wonsan (Gen-
zan).
Fire defense
stations
TOTAL SHORE
BASED PERSON-
NEL
860 (naval of-
ficers and men)
and 450 work-
men
Genzan Naval 865 (naval offi-
Air Station, cers and men).
and others
132. S pply and Maintenance
A. Depots.
Information concerning naval supplies of coal and oil is ex-
tremely scarce. The principal supply bases are probably at the
Chinkai and Rashin Naval Stations, at Chinnamp'o, and at
Wonsan. At Chinkai there is a known oil storage estimated at
50,000 long tons and an additional supply of unknown quan-
tity. No information is available concerning the amount of coal.
Nothing is known as to the size of either the oil or coal supplies
at Rashin. Chinnamp'o is the principal naval coal depot on the
west coast of Korea and has a supply reported to be 103,320
long tons (105,000 metric tons). It appears to have no large
supply of oil. Wonsan has supplies of coal and oil, and there is
a small naval coal storage at Inch'on. In addition to these
specifically naval supplies, the coal and oil stored at the various
commercial ports would be available for naval use (Chapter
VI).
B. Shipbuilding and repair facilities.
There is only one known naval dockyard in korea and this is
located at the Chinkai Naval Station. It is reported to be a minor
repair base for destroyers and minelayers, and possibly also for
larger vessels. It builds small craft up to 150 tons. Available
commercial facilities are described in Chapter VI.
133. Naval Bases and Stations
Location of naval bases and stations in the area are shown
Q1-1 FIGURE XIII - 2.
A. Rashin Naval Station.
(42� 13' N, 130� 18' E)
(1) General description.
The Rashin Naval Station is located in the vicinity of the
city of Najin (Rashin). It is headquarters of the Rashin Guard
District established in 1940. There is little information on the
naval facilities which probably have been developed in this
region since that time. The station is known to include a srnall
naval base with facilities for submarines and seaplanes, and to
have a patrol division, a picket-boat division, and a small guard
division ( ? ) permanently attached. It has one of the principal
naval coal and fuel oil depots in Korea. (Details of port facili-
ties will be found in Chapter VI, 61, B).
(2) Naval harbor and anchorage.
The harbor used by the naval base is reported to be in either
or both Yujin-p'o (Yushin-ho ) or Pangjin-man, the small in-
lets west of Taech'o-do. The former, which is the larger (about
11/4 miles long and 3/4 mile wide), is well-protected and has
fair holding ground with depths of 7 fathoms in the center,
shoaling off to two or three fathoms near the shore. The an-
chorages for the permanent fleet units are in this inlet. These
vessels include a picket-boat division of 7 or 8 boats ( approxi-
mately 100-tons displacement), a patrol division of like num-
ber (300-tons displacement), a small guard division ( ? ), and
2 converted minesweepers. A mole (dimensions unknown) for
the use of submarines and seaplanes is reported to extend into
the inlet. Pangjin-man (about 1/2 mile wide and 1/2 mile long)
provides well-protected anchorages over fine sand in depths
from 11/2 to 5 fathoms. The principal shore installations of
the base are located on the peninsula between these two inlets.
(3) Supplies.
In addition to the oil supply maintained at Najin for corn-
mercial purposes (Chapter VI, 61, B, (7) ), an unknown num-
ber of oil-storage tanks, probably for naval use, are at the old
village of Najin-don g on the east coast, near the entrance to
Najin-man. Specific information concerning the naval coal sup-
ply is not available.
(4) Munitions.
There are reported to be an unknown number of concrete
munitions warehouses at the naval base. They are probably used
for the storage of depth charges and ammunition.
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(5) Additional naval establishments.
The headquarters for the guard district is located in a group
of multistoried brick buildings, extending for several blocks,
about 300 yards behind the main piers in Najin Harbor. The
port director's office, under the jurisdiction of the commander
of the naval district, is located in the same area.
Barracks in the headquarters area are reported to accommo-
date 100,000 men. Naval barracks are said to be located at the
old town of Najin-dong.
A two-story, ferroconcrete barracks building (33 feet by
61 feet) , reported to house the guard division personnel, is
located about 3 miles south of the city on the western shore of
the bay. A two-story, wood, combination commissary-barracks
(20 feet by 49 feet) is in the same area.
(6) Personnel.
The patrol division was reported, in August 1943, to have
personnel totaling 65 officers and warrant officers, and 500 en-
listed men. The defense division has 300 men attached.
B. Wonsan (Genzan).
(390 10' N, 127� 26' E)
(1) General description.
In spite of various reports to the contrary it does not appear
that a large development of naval facilities has taken place at
Wonsan. It does, however, possess a fine natural harbor which
can provide unlimited anchorages for all types of naval vessels,
and a supply of fuel oil and coal ( Chapter VI, 61, F, 5) which
is reported to be used by the Navy. A naval air station with land-
ing strips and a probable seaplane anchorage are located on the
west side of Wonsan-hang. Further information concerning
naval facilities is very sketchy. (Port facilities are discussed in
Chapter VI, F ) .
(2) Naval facilities.
(a) Submarine base. A submarine base and other naval
installations reported to be at Wonsan may be located on the
west side of Hamqumi-man (Kankobi-wan). Aerial photo-
graphs eliminate the possibility of a submarine base being lo-
cated in the small bay at the northwest end of the peninsula of
Kalma-gak. There is also little probability of its being, as re-
ported, on the island of Ung-do at the entrance to Yonghung-
man.
(b) Barracks. A large building (1,500 feet long and 650
feet wide) , located behind the south end of the harbor, is re-
ported to be a naval barracks with a capacity of 20,000 persons.
(c) Mine storage. There is an unconfirmed report of a
naval mine-storage area north of Wonsan.
C. Takeshiki.
(34� 18' N, 129� 18' E)
(1) General description.
Takeshiki, on the northern end of Shimono-shima which con-
stitutes the lower half of Tsushima, was once a minor Japanese
Naval Base. It was reported abandoned in 1916 and if the
meager evidence available can be relied upon it has never been
reestablished. However, in view of the strategic importance of
Tsushima because of its position controlling the entrance to the
Sea of Japan, and in the light of the excellent natural harbor
facilities in the Takeshiki area, it seems reasonable to suppose
that the naval base has been reestablished and possibly enlarged.
(2) Entrances and anchorages.
Takeshiki is approached by way of Aso-wan (Bay), a spacious
inlet with a navigable entrance of something less than a mile
wide. Branching off the main bay are a number of arms form-
ing small harbors and basins almost completely landlocked and
well sheltered from all winds. The total area of the bay is over
10 square miles, and the water is deep, depths of over 20
fathoms being usual. At the east end of this bay and north of the
irregular Shimayama-jima are numerous other completely pro-
tected, deep-water anchorages.
The harbor proper of Takeshiki is entered by way of a nar-
row 900-foot channel separating the highly indented peninsula
of Imo Saki from the irregular Shimayama-jima. Except for
several shoals and rocks the harbor is deep and covers an area of
about 3 square miles. The naval station and the town of Take-
shiki are located on a narrow bow-shaped bay about 3/4 mile
long. Small craft can enter the harbor from the east by means of
a canal 200 yards long and 20 feet wide, with depths of 4 feet.
(3) Naval installations.
Assuming that the naval base has been reactivated, nothing
concerning it is known. It was once reported to have facilities
capable of making minor repairs to destroyers and other small
vessels. There are also unconfirmed reports of warehouses and
fuel supplies.
D. Chinkai Naval Station.
(35� 08' N, 128� 40' E)
(1) General description.
The Chinkai Naval Station, headquarters for the Chinkai
Guard District, is the most important naval base in Korea. It
has protected anchorages for a fleet of any size, and it serves
as a small destroyer-and-mining base. It is the location of a naval
air station and a submarine base is also reported to be in the
vicinity. Its known facilities include coal and fuel oil depots, and
a dockyard equipped for making minor repairs on warships.
There are strong indications that these facilities have been in-
creased since the beginning of the war. Chinkai is especially
well located to base a fleet operating in the Korea Strait.
The naval station is just west of the town of Chinhae, a small
commercial port with a population reported as 26,000 in 1938.
It is situated in the highly indented coast line of the mainland
which forms the north side of an almost entirely landlocked
area of water made up of Pudo-sudo ( channel) , Haengam-
man, Masan-man and Chinhae-man (FIGURE XIII - 1). This
body of water ( about 19 miles long from the southwest end
of Chinhae-man to the entrance of Haengam-man and about 13
miles wide at the widest point in Chinhae-man) is enclosed on
the south by the very irregular, comparatively large island of
Koje-do and the small island of Kadok-to. The main entrance to
the station is by way of Kadok-sudo, located between these two
islands.
(2) Harbor.
The naval harbor of Chinhae is divided into 3 districts. The
first district, comprising the naval station proper, is enclosed by
a line about 2,280 yards long, running from the south side of
Chon-san to the mole at the western end of the naval station.
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APPROACHES TO
CHINKAI NAVAL STATION
FIGURE XIII - 1. Southern Korea.
Approaches to Chinkai Naval Station
The second district is bounded on the east by Chibuk-mal on the
island of Somo-do, and by Tok-so on the mainland. (FiGuRE
XIII - 2) The third district includes roughly the area between
the parallels of 340 40' and 350 15' N and the meridians of
128� 17' and 129� 10' E and contains the island of Koje-do,
Basan-man, Chinhae-man, and the city of Pusan.
(3) Entrance channels.
The approach to the Chinkai Naval Station is through
Kadok-suclo and from there by way of Pudo-sudo into the first
and second districts of the harbor (FIGuRE XIII - 1). The best
.and widest route through Kadok-sudo lies between the north-
eastern side of Pyongsan-yolso (Heizan-ressho) and the west-
ern side of Kadok-to. The fairway is deep and free from dan-
gers. The channel between the eastern side of Che-do and the
southwestern side of Pyongsan-yolso is not recommended be-
cause of the 3-fathom rock lying in the fairway. There is a
deep and safe channel around the northeastern end of Koje-do,
but the fairway is only about 3 cables (720 yards) wide.
Pudo-sudo is entered from the southeast between Ha-do and
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Chidori Island, the western extreme of which is situated about
13/4 miles east-northeastward of Ha-do.
The main entrance to Chinhae-man, in the third district, is
through the deep water on either side of Ha-do, the southern end
of which is about 91/4 cables (2,220 yards) north of the north-
ern extreme of Koje-do. Hyonnaeryang-haehyop (Kennairyo-
kaikyo), the narrow channel leading into the southern end of
Chinhae-man, and having a least width of one cable (720 feet)
and a least depth of 13/4 fathoms, is available only for small
vessels with local knowledge.
a
(4) Anchorages.
The first district, at its northern end, is divided into 3 small
harbors. The easternmost is an enclosed natural basin, the
center one is protected by a breakwater about 280 yards in
length, and the westernmost is a basin (about 500 yards by
350 yards) , faced with rock on the shore side and protected by
a stone breakwater on the harbor side. The western harbor pro-
vides anchorage for 8 vessels of the destroyer class, and it is
reported that two mine layers and several destroyers and mine
sweepers are usually stationed here. Just south of the harbor
master's office are 4 top-shaped mooring buoys for destroyers.
Near the oil tanks on the east side of the district are 2 mooring
buoys for oil tankers; these weigh 12.8 tons and have 8-ton
weights and 12-ton anchors attached.
In the second district, which is well protected and has depths
averaging 6 fathoms, there are reported to be 31 mooring buoys
for destroyers and smaller vessels. Off the south shore of Somo-
do are 3 top-shaped mooring buoys of 12 tons each, with 8-ton
weights and 12-ton anchors; these are probably used for oil
tankers. Small boats may anchor in the northwest corner of
Pu-do where there is an inlet, well protected from the wind and
having depths of 5 fathoms. Two other moorings for small
boats are located north of Taeryul-to.
In the third district, Chinhae-man provides the principal
anchorage area of the naval station. Well protected anchorages
for all types of vessels, in depths of 7 to 12 fathoms over mud,
are almost unlimited in number.
Other good anchorages with mud bottom are available in 3
additional areas of this district. In Kadok-sudo, which is about
4 miles wide at the entrance, between Kadok-to and Koje-do,
and about 10 miles long, the depths vary from 11 to 20 fathoms,
shoaling to 6 or 7 fathoms near the shores. In the upper end
of the channel, northward of the western extremity of Ch'ori-do
(Son-to), anchorages in 5 fathoms with protection from sea-
ward are available. Pudo-sudo, with depths varying from 5 to
7 fathoms is another area suitable for anchorage. On the north-
eastern side of this channel, Haengam-man, the harbor for the
town of Chinhae, provides anchorages in depths of between 3
and 5 fathoms. In Masan-man, at the end of the channel, the
anchorage area has depths of from 4 to 8 fathoms.
(5) Naval loading and unloading facilities.
In the central harbor of the first district is a 150-foot landing
pier, and to the east of this a small pier projects from the 320-
yard, stone-faced quay ( FIGURE XIII - 3) . The built-up penin-
sula, on which the harbor master's office is located, is quayed,
and the wharves, equipped with cranes, are used exclusively for
naval purposes. On the south shore of Sorno-do is a wharf suit-
able for the alongside-docking of one oil tanker under 10,000
tons. Another wharf with the same capacity is located near the
oil tanks on the eastern basin of the harbor. On the east side of
Chaedung-man is a small mole about 60 feet wide and 70
feet long with a pier about.50 feet in length at its end. Depths
leading to the pier are 23/4 fathoms. In the northwest corner
of Haengam-man are two stone-faced moles. The eastern one,
about 150 yards wide and 90 yards long, has a pier about 120
yards long projecting from the center. It is served by a railroad
spur and is used exclusively for freight unloading. The western
mole has 2 piers, one about 75 yards long and the other about
35 yards long. From this mole the western side of the bay is
quayed for a distance of about 650 yards.
(6) Storage facilities.
Warehouses for the storage of munitions are all located in
the vicinity of the westernmost of the three basins (FIGURE
XIII - 3 ) . There are at least 6 of these, constructed of wood or
brick, and containing stores of mines, and mine-laying and mine-
sweeping equipment. Underground magazines have also been re-
ported in this area.
(7) Supplies.
(a) Water. There are 2 reservoirs which provide water
for the naval base and presumably for the town as well. The
larger of these, lying 10 miles to the northeast, has a capacity
of 739,968 long tons (752,000 metric tons). The other, to-
gether with a water-pumping station, is located near the oil
tanks adjacent to the eastern basin (FIGURE XIII - it is said
to have a capacity of 4,920 long tons (5,000 metric tons) .
(b) Fuel, A coal supply of unknown quantity is main-
tained near the pier in the middle basin (FIGURE XIII - 3).
The principal oil storage is found on the south side of the
eastern basin and it is composed of 8 tanks with a capacity of
7,000 to 8,000 tons each ( FIGURE XIII - 3). The oil-pumping
plant is probably in the same building with the water-pumping
equipment. Near the tanks are 2 white, circular containers for
fire-extinguishing chemicals. An unknown number of tanks for
heavy oil are located on the south side of Somo-do ( FIGURE
XIII -3).
(c) Electricity. The naval base normally receives its power
from the town supply, but there is an emergency unit for the
dockyard consisting of 2 Ikegai diesel generators of 8,000-kilo-
watt capacity. Ordinarily these are run only once a month for
trial.
(8) Facilities for clearing port.
(a) Railroad, Chinhae is connected with the Korean rail-
way system at Ch'angwon, about 9 miles to the north. Here it
meets the single-track, branch-line running to Masan and west
from Samnangjin. The latter is on the double-track, trunk line
going north from Pusan.
(b) Road. A primary highway follows the railroad north
to Ch'angwon where it joins the primary highway between
Samnangjin and Masan.
(9) Shipyard and repair facilities.
The Chinkai Dockyard functions largely as a minor repair
base for destroyers and mine layers, though is may also do small
repair work on larger vessels. According to the inadequate in-
formation available there are construction facilities only for
small vessels up to 150 tons. There is ample room for the ex-
pansion of the building-and-repair facilities, and there are some
indications that this has been done.
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NAVAL FACILITIES Confidential
There is one floating drydock of 2,000 tons capacity, re-
ported to be obsolete, and there are two or more small slips
(FIGURE XIII - 3). One floating crane of 50 tons capacity is
reported. A carpenter shop, machine shop, electric shop, and 2
sheds for machine oil, all small, are said to be located behind the
harbor basin west of the dockyard.
(10) Naval factories.
Machine shops, a brass-and-iron foundry, a boiler shop, and
a plate-and-blacksmith shop, none large, are located in the
dockyard, east of the pier. These contain facilities for the con-
struction of internal-combustion engines and of parts of both
steam-reciprocating engines and boilers. The foundry produces
castings up to one ton, and the heaviest steel hammer in the
forge shop is reported to be 1/2 ton.
Reports indicate that a torpedo-loading plant and arsenal may
be in operation in the vicinity of Chinhae, though nothing fur-
ther is known concerning them.
(II) Other naval establishments.
(a) Radio station. The radio station is located on the top
of the western knoll of the little peninsula separating the dock-
yard from the western basin. The two masts, supporting 3 an-
tennae, are 180 feet high and 180 yards apart. The power is
reported to be 6-kilowatt spark. This station is in communication
with, Sasebo and Kure. Other radio towers are located in the
hills behind the eastern half of the dockyard (FIGURE Xiii -
3).
(b) Hospital. A well-equipped hospital, with an estimated
capacity of 50 beds, is situated west of the headquarters building.
(c) Miscellaneous. The headquarters building of the
guard district and the barracks for the guard division are in the
foothills behind the western basin. A land defense unit, a con-
struction unit, and the harbor master's office are located on the
peninsula forming the west side of the navy yard. These and a
naval club, 2 buildings containing naval officers' quarters, and
various officers' residences are shown on FIGURE Xiii - 3.
There is also an unlocated supply department.
(12) Personnel.
In 1937 it was established that the total naval personnel of
the station was about 50 commissioned officers, 10 warrant
officers, and 800 enlisted men. Current figures are not available.
In addition there are said to be at most 450 workmen attached
to the naval station.
(13) Vulnerability.
Because of its inland, protected location, Chinkai could be
defended from attack by sea with relative ease. Probably only
an air attack would be feasible. Nothing is known concerning
antiaircraft defense. The Chinkai Naval Air Station is located
on the shore of the peninsula west of Kotchuri-san.
E. Inch'on (Jinsert).
(370 28' N, 126� 37' E)
(I) General description.
Inch'on has been reported to be one of the principal naval
coal-and-oil fuel depots in Korea. However, in addition to the
approximately 21,000 barrels of fuel and diesel oil and the
2,000 tons of coal, all of which are used for commercial pur-
poses (Chapter VI, 61, M), available evidence indicates noth-
ing more than a small naval coal storage. Other naval facilities
are meager. The 30-foot tidal range rules out the possibility of
submarines anchoring in the harbor and the outer roads are un-
feasible for this purpose on account of the strong tidal current.
(Port facilities are described in Chapter VI, 61, M.)
(2) Supplies.
The small naval coal storage is located on the northwest neck
of Wolmiclo.
(3) Naval facilities.
Naval ammunition storage and a naval training school of
unknown type are located on Wolmi-do.
F. Chinnamp'o (Chinnampo).
(38� 43'N, 125� 25'E)
(1) General description.
Chinnamp'o is the location of the principal naval coal de-
pot on the west coast of Korea. The supply of coal for naval
purposes is reported to be 103,320 long tons (105,000 metric
tons) . The supply of oil is small and reports that it is used by the
Navy do not seem to be borne out. (Port facilities are dis-
cussed in Chapter VI, 61, J.)
(2) Naval facilities.
Recent unconfirmed reports indicate that fortifications and
naval installations, including a submarine base, may be under
construction at the mouth of the Taedong River, west of Chin-
namp'o. Other reports indicate that the submarine base is south
of the city.
134. Potential Naval Facilities
A. Unggi (Yaki).
(42� 20' N, 130� 24' E)
A submarine base, about which nothing is known, is reported
to be here. (Port facilities are described in Chapter VI, 61, A.)
B. Ch'ongjin (Seishin).
(410 46'N, 1290 49'E)
Ch'ongjin, center of the sardine oil-manufacturing industry
which produces glycerine for explosives, is rumored to be a
submarine base. (Port facilities are described in Chapter VI,
61, C.)
C. P'ohang-dong (Hoko-d5).
(36� 03'N, 1290 22'E)
Japanese destroyers have been known to use the anchorage
adjacent to this port in Yongil-man. An unconfirmed report
states that a submarine base is located somewhere in this bay.
(Port facilities are described in Chapter VI, 62.)
P. Pusan (Fusan).
(35 06'N, 129� 02'E)
The harbor of Pusan can accommodate cruisers and several
capital ships. It is repotted to be used by the Japanese as an as-
sembly point for convoys. There is considerable oil storage, a
small supply of coal, and facilities for minor ship repair work,
all for commercial use. No specifically naval installations have
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NAVAL FACILITIES Page XIII -7
been identified. (Port facilities are discussed in Chapter VI, 61,
G.)
E. Yosu (Reisui).
(34� 44' N, 127� 45' E)
Naval facilities, about which nothing is known, are reported
to have been constructed here. (Port facilities are discussed in
Chapter VI, 62, J.)
F. Cheju-do (Saishu-to).
( 33 � 24' N, 126� 34' E)
Information concerning naval installations on this island is
extremely scant. Its strategic location between the approaches
both to the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, however, would
suggest that some facilities have been constructed. Several re-
ports indicate the possibility of a small naval base with repair
facilities, and a submarine base, being located near the eastern
end of the island. (Port facilities are discussed in Chapter VI,
63.)
G. Mok'po (Moppo).
(34� 47'N, 126� 23'E)
Japanese destroyers and seaplanes have been known to use
this harbor and there are indications of some recent develop-
ment of naval facilities. Extensive naval maneuvers among the
islands in this region have been reported. (Port facilities are dis-
cussed in Chapter VI, 62.)
H. Paengyong-do (Hakurei-tro).
(37� 57' N, 124� 40' E)
There are unconfirmed reports of naval installations on the
group of three islands off the west coast of Korea just south of
the 38th parallel. On Soch'ong-do, the southernmost and small-
est (about 23/4 miles long) of the three, there may be a small
naval base and possibly a submarine base. The island is also said
to be well fortified. There is some possibility of a small naval 12.
base on Paengnyong-do, the northernmost of the islands.
established here. (Port facilities are described in Chapter VI,
62.)
135. Principal Sources
1. Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, Southwest Pacific Area.
1925 Oct. 1944. BULLETIN No. 1518: PRELIMINARY EXAMINA-
TION OF DOCUMENTS. pp. 6-9. (Confidential).
2. Anonymous.
11 May 1934. ORE-LOADING ROPEWAY IN KOREA. Engineering,
Vol. 137, pp. 539-540.
3. Great Britain, Admiralty, Hydrographic Department.
1937. SOUTH AND EAST COASTS OF KOREA, EAST COAST OF SI-
BERIA, AND SEA OF OKHOTSK PILOT, Ed. 3.
4.
5.
6.
I. Kyomip'o (Kenjiho).
(38� 45' N, 125� 38' E)
The Japan Iron Works, largest producer of iron and steel in 14.
Korea, has facilities for making steel plates and sections for war-
ships and is probably engaged in this work. There are uncon-
firmed reports of a submarine base in this region. (Port facilities
are described in Chapter VI, 62.)
1937. CHINA SEA PILOT, VOL. 3 COMPRISING THE COAST OF
CHINA AND MANCHURIA FROM LOKAI POINT TO THE ORYOK-
KU Ko; THE NORTHERN COAST OF LUZON; FORMOSA; AND
THE WESTERN COAST OF KOREA.
1942. CHINA SEA PILOT, SUPPLEMENT No. 4.
1943. SUPPLEMENT No. 5 RELATING TO THE SOUTH AND EAST
COASTS OF KOREA, EAST COAST OF SIBERIA AND SEA OF OK-
HOTSK PILOT.
8. Heiban Sha.
1935. DAI HAYKK JITEN (Dai Hyakka Encyclopedia). Vols. 8,
11, 17.
9. Japan, Hydrographic Department.
1 Sept. 1932. SuiRO YOHO (Notices to Mariners).
10.
11.
J. P'yongyang (HeijO).
(39� 00' N, 125� 45'E)
Naval coal mines are located near P'yongyang, the large in-
land city northeast of Chinnamp'o. The mines, six in number, ex-
tend in a northeasterly direction from a point east of P'yongyang.
The coal is probably being used by naval auxiliaries and other
coal-burning vessels.
K. Taedasa-do (Daitasa-t6).
(39� 48' N, 124� 25' E)
Little information is available concerning the naval facilities
in this important new port. A naval base is reported to have been
15.
16.
1933. CHOSEN ENGAN SUIROSHI, TOGAN OYOBI NANGAN (Sailing
Directions for Korea, East and South Coasts). Vol. 1.
1934. CHOSEN ENGAN SUIROSHI, SEIGAN (Sailing Directions for
Korea, West Coast.) Vol. 6B.
1938. SUIROKU FUROKU (Supplement to Notices to Mariners).
Vol. 2.
13.
1940. CHOSEN ENGAN FUROKU, SEIGAN (Supplement to Sailing
Directions for Korea, West Coast).
1941. CHOSEN ENGAN FUROKU, TOGAN OYOBI NANGAN (Sup-
plement No. 6 to Sailing Directions for Korea, East and South
Coasts).
1941-1944. SuIRO KoKu ji (Notices to Mariners). Classified.
1941-1944. SUIRO KOKU JI (Notices to Mariners).
17. KozO Sha.
1930. NIHON CHIRI TAIKEI (Outline of the Geography of
Japan). Vol. 12.
18. Nagai, Shoichiro.
June 1938. CEMENT INDUSTRY IN KOREA AND MANCHOUKUO_
The Far Eastern Review, Vol. 34, pp. 223-225.
19. Shink6 Sha.
1931. NIHON CHIRI FUZOKU TAIKEI (Outline, of the Geography
and Customs of Japan). Vol. 17.
20. U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, Far Eastern Unit.
2 Aug. 1943. PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC SURVEY OF KOREA.
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Page XIII - 8 NAVA L FACILITIES
21. U. S. Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare
Section.
1 July 1942. Dr. Fritz Hansgirg. MEMORANDA CONCERNING IN-
TERVIEWS ON MAGNESIUM IN JAPAN AND MAGNESITE IN
AUSTRIA.
22. U. S. Library of Congress.
27 Dec. 1943. QUELPART AND DAGELET ISLANDS-A COMPARA-
TIVE STUDY. Studies of Migration and Settlement, Translation
Series, No. T-3C. Translated and summarized from Dr. Her-
mann Lautensach, QUELPART UND DAGELET. Wissenschaftliche
Veroffentlichungen, Nos. 1-4, Leipzig, 1932-1936.
23. U. S. Navy Department, Hydrographic Office.
1932. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR SIBERIA AND CHOSEN, HO 122.
24.
1944. Supplement to Hydrographic Office Publication No. 122.
SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR SIBERIA AND CHOSEN.
25. U. S. Office of Strategic Services, Far Eastern Section.
5 Aug. 1942. KOREA, ECONOMIC SURVEY.
26. U. S. War Department, General Staff, Military Intelligence
Service.
15 June 1943. SURVEY OF KOREA.
27. U. S. War Department, Intelligence Branch G-2.
21 Feb. 1942. OBJECTIVE FOLDER, KOREAN NITROGEN FERTIL-
IZER CO.
28. U. S. War Department, Office of the Assistant Chief of Air Staff,
Intelligence.
12 Aug. 11944. AIR OBJECTIVE FOLDER, KOREA AREAS, Nos. 84.1
to 84.8.
MAPS AND CHARTS
29. Yoshida, Togo.
1938. DAI NIPPON CHIMEI JISHO, VOL, CHUKOKU (Greater
Japan Geographical Dictionary). pp. 1,625, 1,632, Ed. 3. Tan-
shiki Insatsu K. K. (Tanshiki Publishing Co.).
30. Japan, Hydrographic Department.
CHARTS OF KOREA.
31. Japan, Imperial Land Survey.
KOREA TOPOGRAPHIC SHEETS, Scale 1:50,000.
32.
KOREA TOPOGRAPHIC SHEETS. Scale 1: 200,000.
33. U. S. Navy Department, Hydrographic Office.
CHARTS OF KOREA.
34. U. S. War Department, Army Map Service.
AMS L551 MAPS OF KOREA. Scale 1:250,000.
35.
Dec. 1944. CHART 340660. Scale 1:12,500.
36.
1944. MAP OF VLADIVOSTOK, No. 5301. Scale 1:1,000,000.
OTHER SOURCES
Aerial and ground photographs.
Miscellaneous material from files of Far Eastern Section, Office
of Naval Intelligence, U. S. Navy Department.
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7
CHINKAI NAVAL STATION
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FIGURE XUI -2
Naval Facilities
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