PROJECT AQUILINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Aquiline
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03055187
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 44
• Document Creation Date: July 16, 2020
• Document Release Date: July 30, 2020
• Publication Date: August 29, 1967

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PROJECT AQUILINE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY
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PROJECT AQUILINE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY
29 August 1967
�Ade 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Nature and Purpose of the Study
II History
A.
B.
C.
Program Initiation
Program Concept
FY 1967 Development Program
III Program Objectives
�
A.
B.
C.
D.
Overall Objective
FY 1968 Goals
FY 1969 Goals
Ultimate Goals
IV Program Plan
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
'Figure
:Figure
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Approach
Development Plan
Flight Tests
Summary of Development Concept
Management and Funding
Operational Development
1 Mark I
2 Mark I Inboard Profile
3 Development Plan
4 AQUILINE Budget Work Sheet
5 Program Objectives FY 1967
6 AQUILINE Budget FY 1967
7 AQUILINE Program Objectives
8 System Program Plan (Douglas)
9 Summary of Projected Costs
10 Projected AQUILINE Operational Costs
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4
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Wingspan - 6 feet
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PROJECT AQUILINE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY
Nature and Purpose of the Study
In response to a Bureau of the Budget rquest, a research
and development study has been prepared on Project AQUILINE.
The AQUILINE system is a new concept in the collection of
intelligence which encompasses development of the vehicle as
well as the associated subsystems.
Research and development on the AQUILINE system was
initiated to increase our capability for collection of intel-
ligence against prime targets. Our present airborne collection
systems are large and must fly very high and very fast to sur-
vive. The AQUILINE concept is to have a small vehicle which
will fly low and slow and still have sufficient range. The
successful development of the AQUILINE collection system
depends heavily upon our ability to develop advanced micro-
technology, microminiature sensors and power sources, sophisti-
cated communications and control systems as well as an efficient,
small aircraft.
This study is organized into four major sections. Section
II presents a history of the program through fiscal year 1967
,K-eftEr
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including a description of its intelligence collection poten-
tial. Section III outlines the planned development program
for fi&zal years 1968 and 1969. Section IV presents a detailed
_description of the basic technology involved in the development
and a summary of the development concept. The final section
presents operational concepts and estimates program costs and
timing.
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II History
A. Program Initiation.
During the past four years, the Office of Research and
Development has been investigating advanced concepts by which
"black box" sensors could be emplaced at strategic targets in
China, Russia, North Vietnam, and other denied areas. These
emplaced "black boxes" would collect intelligence from missile
test ranges, nuclear test facilities, BW/CW test areas, and
other prime targets. The collected information could be sent
in real time or be stored for later readout via radio to over-
flight-aircraft or relay satellites.
A major difficulty in the present emplacement systems is
that the emplacement vehicle must execute the penetration and
drop the black box at a high altitude in order to avoid detec-
tion and/or interception. Consequently, black box payloads
designed for emplacement in this manner are large and heavy--a
few hundred pounds not being unusual. In addition, as the
opposition develops more sophisticated defense systems, our
opportunities to deliver black boxes using our present assets
will be grossly limited.
A solution to our prOsent difficulty would be to employ a
system that would allow low altitude drops of small, light-
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weight, low power solid state sensors. This would enhance the
probability of the black box surviving the emplacement as well
as decreasing the probability of it being detected. At present,
solid state and microminiaturization technologies have progressed
to the point where these small, light-weight, low power black
boxes can be developed. To emplace these black boxes, however,
requires a small, low flying emplacement vehicle system capable
of long range surreptitious penetration. The AQUILINE project
was initiated out of this requirement.
B. Program Concept.
The AQUILINE concept encompasses a very small bird-like
emplacement and collection system. To determine AQUILINE sys-
tem feasibility, internal and external studies were conducted.
The early conceptual studies were conducted by the Naval
Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), Douglas Aircraft Company, and
others (see Figures 1 and 2). Mission analyses and cost effect-
iveness studies indicated that the AQUILINE concept was feasible
and held great promise as an advanced emplacement and collection
system. Furthe...., the studies established that the vehicle
could exist for long periods of time in target areas and would
be practically undetectable. Even if detected, it would be
expensive and difficult to countermand. Its low altitude and
low speed characteristics added to a long loiter time capability
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would permit detailed examination of the target'areas and per-
mit a wide variety of intelligence missions. Further, its
small size and innocuous nature would make it more politically
palatable in tense situations than conventional aircraft. It
wquld be unmanned, smaller, and cheaper and, therefore, ex-
pendable on special missions. Because of these characteristics,
it would be deployable against targets not accessible by any
means at the present time. In early stages of development, it
could complement existing high altitude systems by providing
more detailed examination of selected short-range targets by
flying below the cloud cover.
Concentrated studies have been performed on a wide range
of aerodynamic lift devices including balloons, ballistic glider
powered glider and helicopter types for this application. The
powered glider was selected because of the following considera-
tions:
1. Vehicle. A small aerodynamically clean vehicle
can be produced which will contain the miniature payloads
and subsystems required for the mission contemplated.
2. Propulsion. A variety of propulsion systems
such as two-cycle engines, four-cycle engines, fuel cell
and radioisotope powered systems can be used to propel
the vehicle. The four-cycle and radioisotope powered sys-
tems have a potential range of thousands of miles.
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3. Observability. Tests of mockup models demonstrate
that such-a vehicle and its subsystems could have low
enough observability (visual, acoustic, radar and IR) to
immerse itself in the indigenous signal environment of the
target area, loitering unobtrusively while performing its
mission.
4. Guidance and Navigation. Several guidance and
navigation systems such as CHECKROTE, radio direction find-
ing, transit satellites and Loran or Omega could direct
this vehicle to within a few miles of the distant target.
5. TV Eye. The development of a subminiature TV
Eye is feasible both in the visible and IR. The TV Eye
can be employed for guidance and navigation as well �as
surveillance duties.
6. Communication Link. Secure communications for
data transmission and vehicle control can be achieved at
line-of-sight ranges and are feasible over the longer
ranges by using relays such as a small vehicle of the same
type, satellites or CHECKROTE.
Payloads. Photographic, IR, ELINT, audio,
and droppable black box payloads being developed
by various divisions in ORD can be employed in this system.
8. Mobility and Flexibility. Because of its size,
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weight, and speed, the vehicle can be launched from a
small boat or aircraft or a simple portable launcher.
9. Range. A range of for the Initial
Operational Capability (IOC)* version can be achieved.
However, with a four-cycle internal combustion engine or
fuel cells ranges of thousands of miles can be provided.
Radioisotope engine versions could have unlimited range
(30-day flight duration, 36,000 miles).
10. Operations Research. Computer programs for
vehicle configuration systems integration, systems vul-
nerability and mission analysis have been initiated and
can be further developed to insure the effectiveness of
operational systems. Eventually the computer programs
can be carried out in the Intelligence Processing Research
and Development (IPRD) facility of ORD.
C. FY 1967 Development Program.
During fiscal year 1967, development of an emplacement/
collection system configured as a small powered glider (AQUILINE)
began with a budget of
dollars. The development
concept of the AQUILINE system was refined and improved with:
1. The initiation of an IOC prototype development
program.
*Used to designate the first generation vehicle and associated
subsystem.
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2. The continuation of advanced system studies by
Douglas Aircraft (System Contractor).
3. Institution of development programs in the sub-
system areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, navigation,
communications, antennas, survivability studies, intelli-
gence collecting payloads, and ground control equipment.
A flight test range was established and instrumented to
allow flight test of the airframe, its subsystems, and payloads
under development. The flight of the fully instrumented IOC
system is scheduled for October 1967. The IOC system will
include remotely, controlled autopilot, navigation and communi-
cations equipment (including a slow-scan TV camera and associated
radio transmitter) and will be equipped to carry test payloads
up to five pounds to a range of
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III Program Objectives
A. Overall Objective.
The AQUILINE development program is designed to be evolu-
tionary, i.e., its collection capability will be increased as
advances in technology become available. Specifically, the
program will require advances in the state-of-the-art in the
critical areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, navigation, com-
munication and payload instrumentation. A major goal of the
program is the ability to define an optimum collection system
to be employed against a particular intelligence target using
the technology currently available (see Figure 3). A more
detailed description of this aspect of the program is contained
in Section IV below.
By late fiscal year 1968, the initial operational vehicle
will be capable of flying
. missions at altitudes up to
10,000 feet carrying a payload of five pounds. Prototype hard-
ware will enable the vehicle to be positioned and controlled
within a CEP of 70 feet at distances to . These capa-
bilities are sufficient to perform intelligence collection
� missions against typical peripheral targets in USSR, China,
and Cuba.
Computer programs have been developed to supply the detailed
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design information needed to construct an AQUILINE vehicle and
its subsystems. The computer program will optimize the vehicle
and payloads for a specific mission against a specific target.
and gives the probability of success for the mission.
B. FY 1968 Goals.
During fiscal year 1968, research and development on an
Advanced Operational Capability (AOC) will be initiated. This
program will consider four-cycle internal combustion engine
designs, advanced subsystem elements, and payload instrumenta-
tion resulting from current microelectronics research and
development efforts. The initial AOC goal will be for
round-trip missions. Possible target areas would be the coastal
regions of the Barents Sea, China, Vietnam, and Cuba. Low
altitude imagery, ELINT and SIGINT collection devices are typical,
payloads which could be carried.
C. FY 1969 Goals.
The AQUILINE system capabilities for fiscal year 1969 will
be increased by an advanced four-cycle engine which will extend
the range to
as
Emerging navigational technologies such
OMEGA* will provide the capability of using the
AQUILINE vehicles in one-way missions against Lop Nor, Shuang-
ch'eng-tzu and Sary Shagan. One specific objective for fiscal
*A navigation concept which utilizes the long range Navy OMEGA
radio transmissions, retransmitted through a synchronous satel-
lite to the ground station for decommutation and position location.
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year 1969 will be to emplace a black box within a CEP of
1/2 p.m. at 2400 ft.m.
D. Ultimate Goals.
During fiscal year 1970 and beyond, research and develop-
ment will be oriented toward increasing the range, navigational
accuracy, data communication and storage capacities, loiter
time at target and the overall reliability of the system. Im-
proved payloads which are lighter in weight will be under
development to collect a wider range of intelligence data under
varying conditions. In addition, initial operational experience
obtained from earlier deployed AQUILINE systems will be used to
guide future AQUILINE development.
�
ET
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IV Program Plan
A. Approach.
The program plan used for development of an AQUILINE
system during fiscal year 1967 will be replaced by an overall
system's program in fiscal year 1968. This is necessary for
a variety of reasons. During fiscal year 1967, there were three
program areas:
1. IOC prototype development.
2. Interface (conceptual development)
3. Subsystem development
Three vehicles, each with increasing capability, were designed
and constructed under the IOC prototype development program
If in fiscal year 1968 we
were to follow this same schedule of building increasingly
refined-test vehicles, we would quickly exceed fiscal year 1968
funding of
In addition, our increased understand-
ing of the various subsystem requirements and a better estimate
of the costs involved in achieving these requirements has
placed ever increasing strain on our limited funds.
Further, mission analysis studies revealed that in order
to achieve acceptable probabilities of success against any par-
ticular target, a specially designed vehicle system should be
constructed and deployed. In an environment of continually
changing intelligence requirements, it becomes extremely difficult
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and prohibitively expensive to predict the mission requirement
and the operation schedule. To plan for an AQUILINE development
which provide as milestones an increasing inventory of vehicle
systems designed for general purpose missions seems to us'rto be
an inappropriate and expensive approach to the Agency's particu-
lar problem. None of these vehicle systems, in all probability,
would be the optimum vehicle required to perform an intelligence
mission when the need arises. To adjust the AQUILINE development
plan to the available funds and to the specific capability needs
of the Agency, a new plan has been formulated and put into
effect.
� B. Development Plan.
As shown in Figure 3, the program emphasis is now being
put on developing a capability in terms of the developing state- ,
of-knowledge which can be assessed on command by management.
This .;..s done by establishing the two computer programs shown.
The scheme works as follows. For fiscal year 1968 the control
of the program is vested in the Advanced Conceptual Development
team (Douglas Aircraft working under the direction of the Con-
tracting Officer's Technical Representative*). The information
library for the developmental program is a computer program
endowed in its subroutines with all of the known or estimated
(temporarily) characteristics of the IOC AQUILINE vehicle system.
At the periphery of this information base are the various sub-
*COTR
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system project engineers (Douglas) who are charged with generating
requirements, subsystem development and updating and refining the
information stored in that particular subsystem computer sub-
routine. The computer can at any time be instructed to read out
the current capability of the IOC family of vehicles under de-
velopment.. This information, for instance, would include the
range, payload capability and "signature" (i.e., IR, radar, visual
and acoustic signal) emanating from the vehicle system.
A second computer program has been established in order
�
to make maximum use of this information. The information for
this computer is derived from reiterated survivability studies.
The mission survivability computer program predicts the ability
(probability) of the selected AQUILINE vehicle to penetrate
undetected through the radar, visible, and acoustic defenses of
a hostile country. In order to describe the radar defenses, the
location and characteristics of each radar, including radar
horizon and ground clutter, are read into the computer
The visible
and acoustic defenses are described by the
density distribution.
A candidate mission profile and
then chosen for gathering intelligence from a selected
program.
population
vehicle are
target
behind the defense system. The mission profile is described by
the position-time-function of the flight path (altitude, velocity,
position vs. time), the cloud cover, the background-sky contrast
and the sun-aircraft relationship along the route. The candidate
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aircraft is described by its radar cross section (as a function
of viewing angle), its physical size and the acoustic and
infrared characteristics of the power plant. With these data,.
the computer program determines the probability of undetected
penetration through the radar, visible and acoustic defenses.
Should any of these probabilities prove unacceptable, a new
mission profile and/or vehicle can be chosen which concentrates
specifically on that aspect of penetration.
C. Flight Tests.
In order to assure that the information stored in the
computer yields an accurate representation of the physical
characteristics of the vehicle, two additional components of the
development plan must be provided. These are the Prototype
Systems Development (IOC) and Test Range Programs. Within the
Prototype Systems Development Program, a number of test vehicles
are designed and fabricated. (Five vehicles are planned for
fiscal year 1968.) These vehicles are designed primarily to be
test flown in a particular manner such as to augment or update
the flight performance information stored in the computer. The
vehicles are also used to carry developmental subsystems in ex-
perimental flight tests. The vehicles, then,are designed to be ,
representative of the IOC family of vehicles, modified slightly
to accommodate other requirements of the program.
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A test range for flight testing the developing
AQUILINE system has been established at Randsburg Wash, a
secure range on the Naval Ordnance Test Station at China
Lake, California. The facilities and facilities support
are being supplied by the Navy under a task order from the
Agency. The prime contractor (Douglas) has established and
maintains the instrumentation on the test range.
D. Summary of Development Concept.
In summary then, what the program attempts to provide
Is a developing capability in intelligence collection
systems which can
any time and from
collection system
requirement.
k
be assessed on command by management at
which they can define the optimum AQUILINE
for a specific current intelligence
In essence, the program plan is to develop a series of
AQUILINE subsystems (Figure 4) which will be fabricated,
tested in flight, and evaluated. The characteristics of
these subsystems will be permanently stored in the computer
memory. Each subsystem R&D program has its own goal mile-
stones which are calculated to be integrated with the total
system capability development.
Each of the major subsystems may be expanded to indicate
the long-range plans in that area. In Navigation (Figure 4,
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Item III-C), for example, R&D programs are being carried
out or planned for all of the fundamental techniques listed.
This broad approach is necessary because no one technique y
currently offers the potential to satisfy all of the probable
requirements.
In conjunction with the subsystem capability development,
mission environmental information for some of the most likely
targets is being collected from other offices and stored for
evaluation and collation with specific system configurations.
Sociological studies in conjunction with wildlife information
would aid in a determination of the probability of detection
and recognition. The population distribution would be a measure
of likelihood of detection while the birdlife studies would
reveal the likelihood of the vehicle registering as a bird or
a normally appearing object to the observer. It also is obvious
that survivability is dependent on current meteorological data,
geographic features and intrusion defense posture. The political
situation would affect the determination for detection and
reaction of recognition by local governments, thus affecting the
calculated risk that may be taken.
Collation of all the subsystem data and environmentals
would be an impossible task without the aid of modern computer
techniques. However, the computer technique used in this program
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can compare all the R&D results achieved to date and provide
answers to optimize the future AQUILINE development plan for
any of three alternatives:
1. Most efficient use of available R&D funds.
2. Most effective pacing of subsystem develop-
ments for orderly buildup of' system capability.
3. Most effective combination of platform and
4
subsystem elements in a possible crash program to
develop a particular mission-oriented system.
E. Management and Funding.
During fiscal years 1966 and 1967, the program was broken
down into its major components in accordance with Figure 5.
During fiscal year 1967, although the funding was increased to
dollars including AQUILINE-related efforts, the
program from an Agency management point of view had not progressed
to the point where it was considered a system endeavor. CA
system plan will be initiated in fiscal year 1968 and is discussed
later.) The funding for the program was provided in a piece-
meal fashion, project by project as the program areas became
defined. In order to manage the many separate contract packages
as an integrated program development, an AQUILINE budget sheet
was used for funding control. Figure 6 is a representative copy
of this budget showing the total budget funds, the office's
plan to commit these funds, and the status of commitment of funds
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under the general program. By this means, management was kept
apprised of the, progress of the overall program and the effort
that the new dollars committed were to fund.
The funding for AQUILINE in fiscal year 1968 is based
on a master AP/ORD program with a system contractor (See Figure
3). ',3everal individual AP/ORD support contracts with other
contractors and a moderate number of AQUILINE related projects
(mainly payload R&D) monitored by other divisions are funded
separately in support of the program. The basic funding program
supports many tasks in subsystem development, environmental
studies, mission analysis, and flight testing. Individual fund-
ing of these tasks in fiscal year 1967 created unnecessary
complications in contract negotiations and management as well as
increasing the problems of coordinating and synchronizing the
technical developments of each subsystem. A new technique will
be used for fiscal year 1968 program funding and control. This
plan will provide the required program development flexibility
and still assure adequate control by the COTR of the rate of ex- V
penditure of funds.
- A master contract will be let with the McDonnell-Douglas
Company. The request for fiscal year 1968 funds to Agency
management will indicate the total contract price and costs of
thet four major subcontract elements. This breakdown of costs will
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be similar to that shown in Figure 4. There are a number of
major subcontracts which will be let by McDonnell-Douglas in
fiscal year 1968. In fiscal year 1967 the composite fee
negotiated with McDonnell-Douglas was
based on a ratio of
Prime to Subcontract effort of approximately
A new com-
posite fee will be negotiated with the prime contractor based
on the new Prime/Subcontract ratio.
In addition, the master contract will establish a fund-
ing limitation on a quarterly basis. Within this funding
limitation, McDonnell-Douglas will request funds on a task
basis against which costs, technical milestones and delivery
schedules will be submitted to the COTR. On approval by the ft
COTR, the contract officer will authorize funds for the task.
With this mechanism both the technical and financial progress
of the program w111 be more closely monitored. At the same
time, the COTR will have the required flexibility, found
necessary during early stages of the program, to adjust the
direction of the total effort in accordance with the developing
technology.
The preceding plan was considered more appropriate to
the AQUILINE development program than a PERT COST analysis.
However, PERT TIME analysis is maintained on both the advanced
system development and prototype system development elements of
the program.
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,The prime contractor has formulated a detailed fiscal
year/1968 system program plan (Figure 8) for a
dollar budget. AP/ORD proposes to use this system plan byf
funding the highest priority tasks to a current budget ceiling
of
dollars. Therefore, additional funding, if
it becomes available throughout the year, can be wisely used
and coordinated with the overall AQUILINE program. A summary
of the projected AQUILINE costs through fiscal year 1973 is
shown in Figure 9.
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Operational Development
The development of an operational AQUILINE system
requires development of the aircraft system and payloads ds
well as ground control equipment, operations support facilities
and personnel.
Although plans for fiscal year 1968 include study and
parametric definition of the ground control equipment and
operations support requirements, the plan is once again to
develcp only those components which have commonality to all
possible missions.
All aspects of the problem would be researched, however,
and a prototype of the basic ground control equipment would be
developed. Keeping in mind that the costs of acquiring an
operational capability are not funded, and that what is indi-
cated is ORD's ability to respond technologically to a require-
ment for an operational system, the projected operational
cgpability for AQUILINE is shown in Figure 7.
The development of the AQUILINE concept has required a hard
look at the future of technical intelligence collection. As
a result, it has been catalytic in the generation of a variety
of new development projects. Although many of these new areas,
i.e., small IR scanners, microminiaturization of ELINT receivers,
recorders, communication and navigation equipment, etc., have
,application in the AQUILINE program, they also meet more general
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needs of the Agency. In any funding analysis it would be
improper, therefore, to assess the AQUILINE program on a direct
basis for the development costs in these areas. Figure 9
'apportions the total costs of the program in accordance with
this point of view.
The AQUILINE system is being designed to provide an un-
usual degree of flexibility in both the types of mission and
� the operational modes that it can accommodate. Therefore,
without defining the type of intelligence to be collected, the
target, and the operation scenario, it is difficult to project
the costs of an operation.
ORD has, however, projected the cost of a 100 mission/1 year
� operation. The breakdown, shown in Figure 10, considers two
alternate vehicles: a) an internal combustion engine propulsion
system with a max. range of 2400 n.m.; and b) a radioisotope
fueled engine propulsion system with 36,000 n.m. or 30-day
flight duration capability.
The mix and quantity of payloads were selected to support
100 missions against typical targets of present and future
interest. Spares are included in the quantities shown, with
� repair and maintenance included in O&M costs as shown.
� Mission analysis studies have shown that 50 IC systems
is a good estimate of the number of vehicles needed to conduct
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100 single target missions. Twenty-five radioisotope fueled
vehicles would be required for the same number of targets since
it is assumed that a system with a thirty-day flight endurance
capability could cover more than one target/mission.
Although the tota1 estimated cost of one year of sustained
operations for the IC and RI systems is $
and $
respectively, one can, using Figure 10, determine the approximate
cost of other mixes of payloads/missions, and/or vehicles should
one desire. (Costs, however, are based on the quantity shown.)
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EVELOPMENT P
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�
Improved iutopilo
vl*ve.mutrw4
round Control'
fl-oppier-404'
*Human Factors
AnaIylict
trwar
Wind Tunnel
Weight & Bud
Hyperbolic
IV Mappine;:1,
omposile Sy9ems Phyla. Pi
n,pc,,,mstier,
'gilt Signatur
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
AQUILINE BUDGET WORK SHEET
TITLE
PROJECT NO:
II
Prototype System Development
A-4001A-01
A -4001 -A -02
Advanced Systems Definition
Studies
A.
B.
Douglas
AP/ORD Conceptual Sup-
port/Other Contractors
III
Subsystem Development
A.
Advanced Aerodynamics
1. Coanda Studies
A-4030-A-01
2. Advanced Vehicles
0-7020
3. Wind Tunnel Tests
0-7020
B.
Advanced Propulsion
1. Souped-up 2-Cycle Eng.
2. 4-Cycle D&E
A-4001-A-01
*
3. 4 Cycle
* a. Reciprocating
PC
* b. Wankel (Rotary)
PC
4. Free Piston
5. R.I.P.S.
A-4110-A-01
6. Coanda Thrust Gen-
erators
C.
Navigation Systems Dev.
A-4060-A-01
1. Improved Autopilot
2. Inertial Systems
a. Component Develop.
b. Radio Navigation
Update
3. Ra019_ayperbolic
a.I -OMEGA
b. OMEGA,
Systems
CONTRACTOR FY 1966
FY 1967
BUDGE1ED
FY 1968
UNBUDGE TED
FY 1968
Loran
1) LOP
2) Stored Phase Profile
4. Radio Trilateration A-4100-A-01
Douglas
Douglas
TBD
IITRI
TBD
Marquardt
DAC/Lyc
Eng. Tech.
OMC
SRI
DAC/GM
Litton
DAC
Teledyne
TBD
DAC/RSI
DAC/TBD
DAC/TBD
DAC/Cubic
SE
cPi
lut!ed fr::1 2..:171e!z
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AQUILINE BUDGET WORK SHEET---2
TITLE
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
'SF
BUDGETED
PROJECT NO. CONTRACTOR FY 1966 FY 1967 FY 1968
UNBUDGE1ED
FY 1968
*
5. Satellite Systems
6. TV Mapping/Correlation Optics
7. Altimeter
a. Improved Barometric
b. Radio
c. Imagery Derived V/H
DAC/TBD
DAC
D.
Communications
1. Signal Processing
(Spread Spectrum, etc.) TBD
TBD
2. Data Storage/Handling A-4120-A-01
Philco
3. On-Board Electronics
Development A-4001-A-01
4. Detectability and
Douglas,
ITT
Security Studies
DAC/TBD
*
5. O.T.H. Communications
RP/EPL
6. Satellite Commo
ESL
7. Relays
TBD
E.
Antennas
1. Integrated Antenna Study
DAC/TBD
2. Antenna Development
F.
Survivability
1. Vehicle Signature
Studies and Configura-
tion Iteration A-4180-A-01
Douglas
*a. Visual
TBD
*b. E/M
TBD
*c. Thermal
1BD
*d. Acoustic PC
Battelle
2. Mission Analysis
DAC
3. Meteorology
TBD
G. Ground Control Station Dev.
1. Equipment Requirements
Study/RD&E
a. Control & Guidance 0-7025-A-01
b. Data Receiving and
Processing
*c. Man-Machine Interface BMSD
.0rrC.v.:Need fin f '
.1,t?^I
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
AQUILINE BUDGET WORK SHEET-3
TITLE
PROJECT NO,
CONTRACTOR FY 1966
FY 1967
BUDGETED
FY 1968
� UNBUDGE TED
FY 1968
2. Launch & Recovery
(Air, Land & Water)
Requirements Study
a. Prototype Dev.
1) Air
2) Land
3) Water
A-4200-A-01
H. TV Eye
* 1. Slow Scan
Optics
* 2. Solid State (Mosaic)
AP
* 3. Digiton
Optics
* 4. IR Scanner
0-1210-A-03
* 5. Real Time Vidicon
Optics
* 6. Image Motion Compen-
sator, Image Motion
Stabilization, and
Image Intensifier
Optics
I. Payloads
1.
Optics
2. ELINT
3. TV Eye
A-4210-A-01
Optics
Scope,
T.I.
4.
RP
Mitras
5. SIGINT
AP
Telcom
6. Photo Payload
Optics
'PRI)
7.
8. Payload Emplacement
System
AP
TED
* 9. Min. Video Recorder
AP
Ampex
J. Operations Research
Winston
IV
Range Test Support
A-4160
Navy
A. O&M on Facilities
Douglas
B. O&M on Instrumentation
Douglas
C. AQUILINE Test Bed Vehicles
& Spares
Douglas
� oc.PerT
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187-,
1-6-ai 1.
Excluded fr:7.1 c.IFfrime/z
dtnr:77_!ln: -.,,Itl
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
AQUILINE BUDGET WORK SHEET---4
TITLE
Budgeted UNBUDGETED
PROJECT NO. CONTRACTOR FY 1966 FY 1967 FY 1968 FY 1968
D. Douglas Support of
AQUILINE Related
Projects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
OMEGA WANDERING BOY
ELINT
TV Eye
SIGINT
Photo Payload
Air Sampling
Propulsion
Payload Emplacement
TOTALS! AQUILINE
* AQUILINE RELATED
Douglas
t:=
1
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
AQUILINE
/ Advance Veil:
Douglas
Battelle M. I.
General Dynamics �
AP/ORD
IITRI
Lockheed
r7".
.1 IR & TV Eye
Teledyne T.V.(R.T.)
T.V.(S.S.)
Gnd. Mon.
Fairchild
Lt. Wt. I.R. Scan-
ner
Propulsion
1111011INAMSIMMEMBINIEW
TEECO (R.I.) (Deferred)
Hittman (R.I.) (Deferred)
G.M. (Sterling)
Pratt & Whitney (4,-)
Douglas .
MI,W7m1M1510======MM
FY'67
Douglas
Commo
E.S.L.
Philco
Collins
A.O.C.
FY'68
Douglas
Scope, Inc.
Texas Instr.
TSD
Honeywell
PC)
LS'
Op Photo
MAJOR COMPONENTS
Figure 5.
Cubic(DASA)
Litton-Stud7
T.I.(OPLE)
LEGEND
*Emplacement *Emplacement & Black Box
Program
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
AQUILINE BUDGET
Project
VEHICLE SYSTEMS
I. O. C.
Interface
CONTROL & GUIDANCE
Navigation Study
Test Range Navigation Equip nent
Inertial Navigation Systems Dev.
Radio Nay. OMEGA)
COMMUNICATIONS
Sensor (Data Storage & Processing)
Line of Sight Study
GROUND SUPPORT
Test Range Support (NOTS)
Launcher
PROPULSION A4110-A01
4 Cycle I. C.
Radio-Isotope
ADVANCED PLATFORMS A4C30-A01
ANTENNA SYSTEM A4180- A 01
IR AND TV EYE
Real Time TV
Slow'Scan TV
Scan Cony. & Gnd. Mon. 07025-A01
Light Weight IR Scanner 01210-A03
TOTAL BUDGET
TOTAL TO BE COMMITTED
R/D N
A4011-A01
A4000-A02
A4060- A01
A4100-A01
A4060 - At 2
A4130-A01
A4120-A01
A4070-A01
FY'67 Committed
Budget Amount Date
Nov.
Nov.
Oct. 10
Jan. 12
Jan. 16
Sept.
Proposed Spending
Amount Date
Feb.
As req'd.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Contractor
Douglas Aircraft
Douglas Aircraft
Litton
Douglas /Cubic
Texas Instruments
Philco Corporation
To be determined
Douglas Aircraft
Douglas/Pratt-Whitney
Douglas/General Motors
ITTRI/Douglas Aircraft
Radiation Systems, Inc. )
Teledyne
Teledyne
Teledyne
Figure 6.
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Gr.NP 1
frn nat
0.:"!
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 003055187
AQUILINE OBJECTIVES I
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
RANGE
600 N.M.
1200 N.M.
2400 N.M.
25000 N.M.
UNLIMITED
PROPULSION
,
�
2- Cycle Internal
Combustion
4-Cycle Internal
Combustion
.
Advanced 4-N
Internal Combustion
Radioisotope
TARGETS
Barents Sea
Chinese and Vietnam
Coastal Area Cuba
Lop Nor Shuang-Ch'Eng-
tzu
Sary Shagan
80% of Targets of Interest
USSR
China
Land, Sea and Air Launch
ANY TARGET
MISSION
CAPABILITY
Reconnaissance Ferret
Cep 4 N.M.
Interim Commo
Black Box Emplace-
ment
Cep 1/2 N.M.
Secure Commo
Black Box Emplacement
Reconnaissance
Cep 1/2 N.M.
T.V. Terminal 100
Secure Commo
Unlimited loiter
ADAPTIVE
INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENT
Low Altitude Imagery
Elint
Sigint
Event Indicator
Missile Telemetry
Nuclear Staging
and Yield
Monitor Missile and
Nuclear Ranges
Intelligence Processing
FIGURE 7
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
^
..
1. 1
I.
- N
PROGRAM
11.0,
...
PROGRAM
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
NON-TECHNICAL
STATUS
REPORTING
L1.2
FINANC IAL
REPORTING
1.1.3
DATA
I MANAGEMENT
t
�- -
1.2
TECHNICAL
MANAGEMENT
.1 TECHNICAL '
DIRECTION
.._ ..
142
CUSTOMER
LIAISON &
TECHNICAL REVIEWS
1.2.3
-1$
SOURCE EVALUAT 10
VENDOR LIAISON
1.2.4
PROGRAM PROGRES1S
REPORTING
1.2.5
1.3
MANUFACTURING
CONTROL
QUICK RESPONSE
EVALUATIONS
1. 3. 1
1 DRAWING
CONTROL
41 PRODUCTION
i CONTROL
- 2. 1
ADVANCED
SYSTEM STuD I ES
1=1
SYSTEMS CONCEPTS
DEFINITION
_ ADVANCED
SYSTEMS
DEFINITION
2.1.1.1

SYSTEM 1
REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1.2
-- SYSTEM- �
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
,
�
2.1.2
1DVANCED
SYSTEM
FS I 8 ILITY
STUDIES
2. 12. 1
NAOIGAT I ON
STUDIES
2.12.2
IOMMO. STUDIES
2423
Al RFRAMEI
SURVIVABILITY
STUDIES
L. 2.4
AERO.
STUDIES
41.2.5
PULS ION/POWER
STUDIES
2.6
ROUND EQUIPMENT
STUDIES
<
2.2.1
2.2 I
SUBSYSTEM
; DEVELOPMENT
STUD I ESICONCEPT
INTEGRATED
ANTENNA STUDY
PHASE I -
2.2.2
OMEGA
NAVIGATION STUDY
PHASE I�
�
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
..
....... � ,
M a 1987
AQU ILINE
PROGRAM
L__FY-68
3. Li
3.1 I
`",,,...11111111111111h.
3.0
SUBSYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
EVAW AT ION
I OC
IMPROVEMENTS
PROJECTS
AIRFRAME
IMPROVEMBVS
3. L 2
G
IMPROVEMENTS
- -
�
�
.1.3
IOC
POWER SOURCE
IMPROVEMENTS
_
IOC -
PROPULSION
IMPROVEMENT
3.1.3.2
lOG
'ELECTRICAL POWER
; IMPROVEMENT
-
.1.4
IOC
ElICTEON ICS
IMPROVEMENTS
3.1.4.1
CONTROL SYSTEM
IMPROVEMENTS
3.L 4.2
4.1 ,
NArGATION/COMMO.
H SYSTEM
, !IMPROVEMENTS
v
3.2.1
3.2
; SUB SYSTEM
PROTOTYPE
DEVELOPMENT/
MPROVEMENTS
3.2.2 I
CAMEL I PROTOTYPE
DEVELOPMENT
(4 CYCLE)
t�L--
F-MA� TR IX NO.
(Same' as Statement of Work)/
OMEGA
NAVIGATION�
SYSTEM
. DEVELOPMENT
KEY
INTERIM
AUTOPILOT
DEVELOPMENT
AIRFRAME
SURVIVABILITY
DEVELOPMENT
K- l COST OF TASK (Sum of sub tasks)
9 COST IS FIRM IF DARK CORNER-
I COST IS ROM IF NOT DARKENED
_
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
AQUILINE PROGRAM FY-68
EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC
REGRADING; DOD DIR 5200.10
DOES NOT APPLY
'Pt
7E7 .
DOCUMENT. CONTROL
No. .."7,?e) _ . ao.py" NO.; /1
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT 'COMPANY, : INC.
.2.5
WIND TUNNEL
TEST PROGRAM
3.2.5.1
3.2.6
COMMO. SYSTEM
BREADBOARD
DEVELOPMENT
DIMENSIONAL
TESTS
3.2.5.2
BOUNDARY
LAYER CONTROL
TESTS
3.2.5.3
'AOC GLIDER
I TESTS
:
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
,
^
,
t
Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
RADAR
ALTIMETER
EVALUATION
3.3.1.1
_
EXPERIMENT
PLANNING/TECHNICAL
DIRECTION
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(GEE)
3.3.1.3
ADDITIONAL
TEST
4 EQUIPMENT
-ADD ITIONAI
TEST
SUPPORT
-DATA ;REDUCTION
ANAL. YS I SIREPO RT
;
IOC
SIGNATURE
FLIGHTIEST
�3. 3. 2. 1
EXPERIMENT
PLANN I NGITECHN ICAL
DIRECTION
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(GEE)
3.3. 2. 3
ADD IT I ONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT
3.3. 2. 4
ADD IT 10 I;IAL
! TEST
SUPPORT
iDATA REDUCTION
L---
[ ANALYS ISIREPORT
--- - - - ---- -
EFFLUENT
SENSOR
EXPERIMENT
3.3.3.1
EXPERIMENT
PLANNING/TECHNICAL
DIRECTION
3.3.3.2
EXPERIMENT �
TEST
ARTICLES
(G FE)
3.3.3.3
ADDITIONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT
3.3.3.4
ADDITIONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
3.3.5.5
..{DATA REDUCTION/
ANALYS I SI REPORT
SIMULATED MISS ION
SURVIVABILITY
EVALUATION
SITE A
3.3.4.1
. EXPERIMENT
PLANN I NG /TECHN I CAL
DIRECTION.
.3.4.2
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
WED
3.3 � $405,000
SUBSYSTEM
EVALUATION
�TESTS/BOER I MENT
CAMERA
EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENT
PLANN I NGITECHN ICAL
DIRECTION _
3. 3. 5.2
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
WED
3.3.4.3 3. 3. 5. 3
ADDITIONAL-
r TEST
EQUIPMENT
3.3.4.4
ADD ITIONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
ADD IT I ONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT "
3. 3. 5. 4
ADD IT IONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
3. 3:4. 5 3.3.5.5
4.1 .
DATA REDUCTION/
ANALYS I SIREPORT
. . . . _ .
DATA REDUCTION/
ANALYS I SIREPORT
DONNY II
EXPERIMENT
IR SCANNER
EXPERIMENT
I. 3. 6. 1 3. 3. 7. 1
EXPERIMENT
PLANNING/TECHNICAL
DIRECTION
3.3.6.2
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(GEE) �
3. 3. 6.3
ADDITIONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT
3. 3. 6. 4
-ADD IT IONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
_
,1.. DATA REDUCTION/
' ANALYS IS/REPORT
t �
EXPERIMENT .
2.1P LANN I NG/TECHN ICAL
DIRECTION
--------
3.3.7.2
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(G FE)
3. 3. 7.3
ADDITIONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT
3.3.7.4
ADDITIONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
3. 3. 7.5
DATA REDUCTION/
ANALYSIS/REPORT
_
� ,,,
,
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187.
SE
, 3.3.8 3.3.9
WANDERING
, BOY III
1 EXPERIMENT
3.3.8.1
EXPERIMENT
PLANNING/TECHNICAL
DIRECTION
3.3.8.2
I EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(GFE)
3.3.8.3
ADDITIONAL
i TEST
EQUIPMENT._
3.3.8.4
rAT)DITIONAL
TEST
; SUPPORT
3.3.8.5
DATA REDUCTICINI
4", ANALYSIS/REPORT
:
ELI NT
RECEIVER & RECORDER1
EXPERIMENT
3.3.9.1
EXPERIMENT
PLANNING/TECHNICAL
DIRECTION
3.3.9.2
EXPERIMENT
TEST
ARTICLES
(GFE)
3.3.9.3 '
ADDITIONAL
TEST
EQUIPMENT
_
3.3.9.4
ADDITIONAL
TEST
SUPPORT
3.3.9.5
DATA REDUCTION/
'r ANALYSIS/REPORT
.r
4.0
LEXPERIMENT
SUPPORT OPERATION
NOTS
1 FIELD STATION
OPERATION
4.1.1
FIELD STATION
MANAGEMENT
ADMINISTRATION
4.1.2
IOC
SYSTEM FLIGHT
SUPPORT
2.1 I
BAS IC EXPERIMENT
VECHICLES
4.2
EXPERIMENT
BASIC EQUIPMENT
SUPPORT
EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC
REGRADING; DOD DIR 5200.10
DOES NOT APPLY
4.2.2
ADDITIONAL
GSE
KEY
4.2.3
EXPERIMENT
VEHICLE
REFURBISHMENT
4.2.4
14
IN-PLANT GSE
MAINTENANCE
COST OF TASK (sum of sub tasks)
XXX
41 COST IS FIRM IF DARK CORNER
COST IS ROM IF NOT DARKENED
THENciteROM COST FOR 3.3 IS BASED ON AN AVERAGE COST OF $45. 000 PER
' EXPERIMENT NOT ALL 9 EXPERIMENTS WILL BE STARTED DURING FY.68.
-
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
Sj2REI
AQUILINE
Summary of Projected Costs (X 1000)
TITLE
FY'66 *FY'67 *FY'68 FY169 FY'70 FY171 FY'72 FY773
BASIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
I Prototype Sys. Dev.
II Advanced Sys. Def.
III Subsystem Dev.
IV Test Range
Subtotal
AQU3LINE SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT
III Subsystem Dev.
Payload Dev.
Subtotal
TOTAL PROGRAM BY F.Y.
*Budgeted
Figure 9.
GM 1
lEce- Irizutuntic
ticitcustir...yza
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
PROJECTED AQUILINE OPERATIONAL COSTS
System Element
I Payloads
Lamera
Elint (Repeater)
Elint (On-board record)
Nuclear / Em.pl.
Missile BB/Empl.
BB Interrogate
1 yr. O&M and Training
II Vehicle
TV Eye
Radio Navigation
Electronics (Rec. /Trans
Autopilot and Contr.
Airframe
Altimeter
Batteries
Engine & Generator
Fuel Inventory/Flt.
Vehicles)
Costs
(00 Missions
50
25 Vehicles
Costs6.00 Mission
Internal , Radioisotopes
No. Combustion No. 36,000 n.m.
Req'd. @x$1000 600-2400n.m. Totals Req'd. @ x $1000 or 30-day Flt.
Totals
1 yr. O&M and Training
Figure 10.
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187
PROJECTED AQUILINE OPERATIONAL COSTS (contid)
System Element
III Ground Station (Comm.
Cont., Data Storage &
Readout)
Mobile (Sea & Air)
Land Based
Satellite Piggyback
Electronics
Relays & Support
Aircraft
1 yr. O&M and Training
Costs( 50 Vehicles)
100 Missions)
Internal
No. Combustion
Req'd.. @x$1000 600-2400n.m.
Totals
Costs
25 Vehicles
(100 Mission
Radioisotopes
No. 36,000 n.m.
Req'd. @x$1000 or 30-day Flt. Totals
IV Data Proc. & Mission Plan.
Film
Video
Analysis
Waveform
GRAND TOTALS
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