CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1960/03/11

Document Type: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
02997529
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
U
Document Page Count: 
18
Document Creation Date: 
March 17, 2020
Document Release Date: 
March 26, 2020
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Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
March 11, 1960
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Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 3.5(c) owl 11 March 1960 3.3(h)(2) Copy No. C 68 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN- DOCUMENT NO. /19 110 CHANCE IN CLASS, 0, DECLASSIFIED CLASS. CHANGED TOs TS $ NEXT Ei1/1:-Vi ATit AIITH, $1. 1E4 6 JUN 1960 OATIt REVIIWElls TO ZIZZZZA frnyZyrrni Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO29975294,/,/,,,,,ZZ,ZZ, Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 -Navy Nemo. irises Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 by Shah has met strong opposition. Algeria-USSR�Rebel leader in contact with Soviet and Chinese Communist am- rb.--Q-ark-an-r-1 in Cairo. Japan--South Korean ambassador says Seoul has promised release by end of March of Japanese fishermen who have completed prison sentences. Indonesia accepts invitation to proposed Havana economic conference of underde- veloped countrie but delays decision on r cosponsorship. Approved for Release-T2020/03/13 CO2997529 KIL I 11 MARCH 1960 I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC Trade between USSR and Communist China increased 35 percent in 1959. East Germany appears to be attempting to persuade other states to grant it recog- nition. 0 II. ASIA-AFRICA UAR First (Syrian) Army cancels alert status. Iran--Land reform bill personally backed 0 np CPPT Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 �Burma to test samples of Soviet small arms. III. THE WEST �De Gaulle to discuss with his top advisers implementation of plans for an independ- ent nuclear deterrent force. . Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 , I /;. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 11 March 1960 DAILY BRIEF I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC USSR-Communist China: The extensive character of economic relations between Peiping and Moscow is under- scored by a statement of Soviet Foreign Trade Minister Patolichev showing that trade between the two countries rose 35 percent last year to more than $2 billion. Com- munist China thus replaced East Germany in 1959 as the Soviet Union's largest trading partner, accounting for some R20 percent of all Soviet foreign trade. The USSR now ac- counts for about one hall of Communist China's foreign trade. (Page 1) East Germany: Following up its announcement of recog- nition by Guinea, the East German regime is reportedly tak- 714 _.,:tng steps which suggest that i,t is attempting to persuade other Afstates to grant it recognition. Foreign Ministry officials are being dispatched to Iraq and Finland, while the East German roving "ambassador" to , 3,. the Arab states was hastily recalled to Berlin from the Leip- n fi/' zig Fair and sent back to Cair.2j (Page 2) II. ASIA-AFRICA UAll-Israel: The reported cancellation of the UAR First (Syrian) Army's alert status is further evidence of a relaxation of tension. (Page 3) Iran: he land reform bill to which the Shah has given his personal backing has met strong opposition from a combi- nation of landlords and religious leaders. Premier Eqbal has failed to get support for the measure in Parliament. Forcing the proposal through Parliament, which the Shah may feel im- pelled to do, would further alienate a substantial portion of tla7 joApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 A . , Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 'vote 'woe /xi tir rcr., VA 140 149 FIaditional, supporters of the riegime, -while at the same t' would not zain the support of liberal reformist elementli. (Page 4) Algeria-USSR: making contact with the Soviet and Chinese Communist ambassadors in Cairo and referred to a proposed Algerian delegation to Moscow. The rebels might hope to use reception of such a delegation in Mos- cow to demonstrate that Khrushchev's visit to France does not imply full support for De Ga,ulle's Algerian policy. The delega- tion might also attempt to make arrangements for arms deliv- eries from bloc countries. (Page 5) *South Korea - Japan: kn the face of threatened Japanese countermeasures, South Korean Ambassador Yu informed Jap- anese officials on 10 March that Seoul has authorized him to promise the release by the end of March of all detained Japanese fishermen who have completed prison sentences for fishing with- in the Rhee line. Tokyo, however, remains skeptical, in view of Yu's record of unauthorized commitments and unfulfilled promises:1 Tokyo informed its diplomatic missions that if South Korea should "again dillydally" about the release, "we shall have to give particular study to measures to protect our fishing vessels and the matter of laying the problem before the United Nations." (Page 6) Indonesia-Cuba: Indonesia has accepted an invitation to attend the proposed Havana economic conference of underde- veloped countries next summer but is stalling on Cuba's request that Indonesia cosponsor the conference, President Sukarno is scheduled to visit Cuba in early May and may discuss the matter at that (Page 7) time. turma-USSR: The Burmese Government has decided to test 1) samples of six types of Soviet small arms offered last January. the Burmese ambassador 11 Mar 60 DAILY e. RIEF ii T dkpp E' T roved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529/ FER , Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 loud_ �.0.014"�aCt.,A17., 1 Naar in Moscow has been instructed to ask that the arms and ammu- nition be dispatched by Soviet ship or aircraft direct to Rangoon, thus avoiding "undesirable publicity." Burma may be consider- ing purchasing these weapons for its police forces. which already have small quantities of bloc materiel. (Page 8) III. THE WEST France: De Gaulle is to discuss wifWhis top financial and military advisers on 11 March � the implementation of existing plans for development of an inde- pendent French nuclear deterrent force. Military leaders, pro- fessing to share the concern of civilian spokesmen over the ruinou financial burden an independent nuclear program mould impose on � France, and worried over the time needed to create it, are ready- ing a proposal to revise NATO to internationalize the development, production, emplacement, and use of modern weapons. Under such a system France at least would have a greater voice in the use of nuclear weapon_s3 (Page 9) 11 Mar 60 DAILY BRIEF iii '771- TOP SPC711.7. ikpproved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 jcri Air L THE COMMUNIST BLOC Sino- Soviet Trade Rise Underscores Close Economic Relations Between Moscow and Peiping Despite evidence of political friction between the USSR and Communist China, Peiping and Moscow continue to expand their economic ties. Last year, trade between the two countries rose 35 percent to more than $2 billion. This total, which exceeds by $250,000,000 the previously announced 1959 trade target, now accounts for about 50 percent of China's total foreign trade and 20 percent of Moscow's. In replacing East Germany as the largest single trading partner of the USSR, China apparently put even greater empha- sis on its trade with the USSR last year in order to continue debt repayment and increase the flow of vital Soviet industrial materials, equipment, and plants for the Chinese program of industrializa- tion. During the latter half of 1958, the brisk economic activity of the "leap forward" in China had already resulted in an 18- percent increase in Sino-Soviet trade. China's machinery and equipment imports alone from the USSR in 1959 were valued at about $600,000,000, making up more than half of total Chinese imports from the Soviet Union. Their importance to Chinese economic plans is ample reason for Peiping to nurture close economic relations with Moscow. The 1959 increase in Soviet exports to China included large shipments of Soviet goods on military contracts, Although neither the total volume of these shipments nor the type of goods is known, they probably in- cluded machinery and equipment for the construction of military production facilities rather than military end items. 11 Mar 60 rCkITD AI IkITCI II letCklrIG Cil iii Tiki Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 1 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 --"3-L"Crirt, East German9..idoves to Secure Recognition Frvfn Uncommitted Countries Following up its announcement of de jure recognition by Guinea, the East German regime is reportedly taking steps which suggest that it is attempting to persuade nations to grant recognition. Several high-ranking East German offi- cials are being sent on special missions to uncommitted countries, Richard Gyptner, the regime's "ambassador to the Arab states," cut short his stay at the Leipzig Fair and returned to Cairo to begin a tour of a number of Middle East and African countries. Wolfgang Kiesewetter, the Foreign Ministry's gen- eral director, accompanied the East German trade representa- tive to Baghdad when the latter returned to his post from a visit to East Berlin. The purpose of Kiesewetter's trip was not disclosed, but he will probably attempt to elicit some measure of diplomatic recognition from Iraq. Another high- ranking Foreign Ministry official will leave shortly for Fin- land on an "important matter." The Guinean ambassador, after calling on East German President Neck, went to the Leipzig Fair and, on 9 March, talked with party boss Walter 'Ulbricht. The latter attacked Bonn's threats to sever relations with Guinea as "reminiscent of the old colonial methods of German imperialists," and told the ambassador that East Germany considers it is a "routine matter for every state to establish relations with all other states." The East German press has unleashed a scurrilous campaign against West Germany for allegedly using "the most filthy insults and evil racial discrimination" against Guinea and all the African peoples. Bonn has so far withheld action, pending official notifica- tion of the Guinean move or clarification of ambiguous state- ments of Guinean President Tour& However, the viest Ger- man cabinet on 9 March authorized Foreign Minister von Brentano to break diplomatic and economic ties with Guinea unless Conakry indicates within 48 hours that it has not ex- tended diplomatic recognition to the East German regime 11 Mar 60 C.AWro�veCI fO'r.ljea-se.: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 LUIVP II AL II. ASIA-AFRICA Arab-Israeli Situation The tension arising from Syrian-Israeli border inci- dents of last month has been considerably reduced by recent relaxation of the UAR military posture. Some Egyptian Air Force units deployed during the crisis have returned to their permanent bases, and some ground units sent to the Sinai Peninsula have also returned. Reliable sources reArt that the Syrian Army alert has been canceled and various units have been withdrawn from the Syrian-Israeli front. A recon- naissance of Israel's northern border area and the Gaza area to the south conducted by the American air attache in Tel Aviv has revealed a "normal" situation. Egyptian forces still re- main defensively deployed in large numbers in the Sinai, how- ever, and serious incidents could still occur. Despite the relaxation of border tension, the UAR press and radio campaign against Israel has abated only slightly from its peak earlier this week. Taking its lead from Nasir's inflam- matory speeches in Syria, UAR Propaganda has viciously de- nounced alleged Western ,involvement in recent crisis, the tri- partite declaration a 1950 guaranteeing Arab-Israeli borders, and Israeli Prime Minister Ben-Gurion's visit to the United States. These attacks have been echoed throughout the Arab world. The Arabs appear deeply concerned over the possibility of Israeli success in gaining assurances of new Western support, particularly in connection with plans for diversion of the Jordan waters. The Arab League, in meetings in Cairo which ended early last week, reflected this apprehension by adopting a resolu- tion to establish a "special organization" for "utilizing the waters of the Jordan River in the interest of the Arab countries." Arab fears that the West will furnish Israel with additional arms and military equipment have also been widely expressed. CONF 11 Mar 60 CrApL p�ro-ved fO'r�Re7e.a.s;:--62-0703/13 CO2997529 Page 3 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 I time Iranian Land Reforms Run Into Difficulty Strong opposition has developed during the Shah's absence from Tehran to the government-backed land reform bill now before the Majlis. Landowners and religious leaders have much to lose if the bill is passed and implemented. The American Embassy in Tehran feels that the Shah and the opposition will try to avoid a showdown, but that in any real test of strength the Shah would probably, win. If he retreats�possibly dismissing Prime Minister Eqbal as the scapegoat--and the land bill is de- feated, the religious leaders may consider the time ripe to at- tempt to regain their political power) alie Shah began land reform with distribution of some 2,000,000 acres of crown lands in 1951. This project will prob- ably be finished by the end of 1961. Distribution of some 6,500,000 acres of public land started in 1958. He now seeks to distribute some 22,000,000 acres of private holdings, probably in the belief that lack of land reform in Iraq was a main cause of the revolution there3 [Ayatollah Borujerdi, Iran's religious leader, has warned the Shah that distribution of land violates religious tenets and could spark a broad general uprising. Ayatollah Behbehani, lead- ing cleric in Tehran, supports Borujerdi. Shrines and other re- ligious foundations control large areas of land, and the clerics probably see their holdings as a target for distribution should the other programs be successfug e s sur e to pass the bill wouldprobably alienate many conserva- tives who have traditionally been the mainstay of the monarchy, without winning the Shah any significant support from liberal and reform-minded elements who usually have rejected reform meas- ures by the Shah as tactics designed to cover up his own corrup- tion and derelictionsj 11 Mar 60 170C-pp'1:c7V-e'd'fol:)4"elea-s-er 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 4 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 112 / Algerian Rebels May Send Delegation to USSR Contacts between Algerian rebel Vice Premier Belkacem Krim and the Soviet and Chinese Communist ambassadors in Cairo appear related to a forthcoming Algerian mission to the USSR and possibly Communist China. "I saw the ambassador of Peo- ple's China. The interview with the Soviet ambassador has al- ready been requested.... Let me know immediately the compo- sition of the delegation for the USSR and the approximate date." Although the rebels have hitherto been wary in their con- tacts with the bloc, they have lately stepped up efforts to "in- ternationalize" the Algerian war. In January they indicated for the first time that they would accept in the National Liberation Army "volunteers" from Arab League nations. While the rebels probably do not desire Communist volunteers, they face a serious shortage of arms and ammunition within Algeria, and they may seek to explore in Moscow the possibility of obtaining arms through one or more of the European satellites. An Algerian mission to Peiping was promised $5,000,000 worth of military aid in January 1959. Apart from some radio sets, however, little is believed to have been delivered. The rebels may also hope that the USSR, by receiving their delegation, will demonstrate that Khrushchev's visit to France does not imply full support of De Gaulle's Algerian policy. It ap- pears unlikely that Moscow would offset Khrushchev's efforts to cultivate De Gaulle before the summit conference by demonstra- tive reception of an Algerian delegation. the visit to Moscow is not yet set, and the USSR may stall at least until after Khrushchev's visit to France. Khrushchev on 31 October cautiously endorsed De Gaulle's Alge- rian program. In December 1958, Algerian rebel leaders stopped in Moscow on the way to Peiping, but apparenti no official contacts with any of the Soviet leaders. TOP ET 11 Mar 60 rFKITD A I IMTPI I inckirc of II eT11�1 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 5 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 '44107. South Korea Makes New Offer to Japan [The Japanese Foreign Ministry has informed American Ambassador MacArthur that it has recommended acceptance of South Korean Ambassador Yu Tae-ha's offer on 10 March to release by the end of March Japanese fishermen who have completed their sentences for fishing within the unilaterally imposed "Rhee line." The fishermen would be exchanged for Illegal Korean entrants detained in Japan. Yu said his offer had been authorized by Seoul. South Korea was unprepared to commit itself at this time to the automatic release of fish- ermen who completed their sentences in the future, but was willing to continue negotiations for agreement to such a pro- vision. Seoul now is holding 214 Japanese fishermen seized in the disputed area, including 166 who have completed the prison terms imposed by South Korean court/. [japan, however, remains skeptical of Yu's offer in view of his-record of unauthorized commitments and unfulfilled promises. Tokyo informed its diplomatic missions that if South Korea should "again dillydally" about the release of the fishermen, "we shall have to give particular study to measures to protect our fishing vessels and the matter of laying the problem be- fore the United Nations." Japan has already announced that after 1 April, Japanese patrol boats in the Rbee line area will mount three-inch guns, although there is no indication that orders lifting restrictions on firing have yet been issuesg in a meeting with American Ambas- sador McConaughy in Seoul,. Rhee made no specific commit- ment on release of the fishermen. The preceding day the South Korean acting foreign minister had strongly implied that Japanese cancellation of the North Korean repatriation program continued to be Seoul's prior objective. Ambassador McConaughy inferred that the acting minister was paraphras- ing Rhee's instructions to Yu' just prior to the latter's departure for Toky,9 l'9SEC131E T 11 Mar 60 rCkITD A.I IkITCI I t^eida"c Di It e�r11.1 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 6 � Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 j.....cir---�brUHE I '%111.0 �ear Indonesia Willing to Attend Havana Conference Indonesia apparently has some reservations about ac- cepting Cuba's invitation to cosponsor the proposed Havana economic conference of underdevelooed countries tentative- ly scheduled for late summer. Indonesia plans to attend the con- ference "if it is held," but that cosponsorship "must be con- sidered further." The Foreign Ministry stated that if Indo- nesia acted as cosponsor, it would be "responsible for the other Southeast Asian nations," apparently meaning that it would be in the position of representing these governments whether or not they attend. The Philippines has decided not to attend, and Malaya is not to be invited. [Thailand is not opposing the conference but will not decide Eether to attend until it has a more defi- nite understanding of what might be accomplish41 Other Southeast Asian governments have not indicated-tEeir atti- tude. Indonesia's former chief UN delegate, Ali Sastroamidjojo, visited Cuba in Ianuary�shortly before Castro proposed the gathering--and apparently gave the Cuban Government considerable encouragement on the subject of calling the con- ference. President Sukarno is scheduled to visit Cuba from 9 to 14 May, at which time he will probably discuss the mat- ter of Indonesia's cosponsorship. Other countries asked to cosponsor the congress include the UAR, Mexico, and Ven- ezuela, but none has committed itself. According to present plans, the conference is to be com- posed of underdeveloped Asian, African, and Latin American nations which are members of the United Nations. Suggested subjects for discussion include industrialization and consoli- dation of national economy, agrarian reform, revision of prices and markets for raw materials, and the use of inter- national credit organizations. TOP RET II Mar 60 CENTRAL INTF1 I InFkIrF RI ii PT110 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 7 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 1 VIP" Burma to Test Soviet Small Arms The Burmese Government has decided to test samples of six types of small arms which apparently were delivered to the Burmese Embassy in Moscow early in February the Burmese Govern- ment, "after careful consideration from all angles," instruct- ed its ambassador to request that the Soviet Government ship the material direct to Rangoon by Soviet vessel or plane-- in order to prevent transit through any third country and thus "preclude undesirable publicity." From the extended Bur- mese deliberation, it appears that the USSR may have pro- vided the initiative for this transaction. The original Soviet package consisted of two units each of two types of carbine, a rifle, two light machine guns, and a heavy machine gun, as well as five "sets" of ammunition per weapon. In order to test the three types of machine gun, the Burmese Government is asking for an additional 10,000 rounds of ammunition for each. Inasmuch as the basic equipment of the Burmese Army is primarily of British origin and the army command is seeking to standardize its equipment, the Soviet equipment probably is not being considered for army use. Should the tests prove satisfactory, however, some purchases might be contemplated for Burma's police forces, which already have a limited a- mount of bloc small arms and transport equipment. Burma still has unexpended credits, resulting from the USSR's fail- ure to fulfill its barter trade commitments. T�F%SECrir' 11 Mar 60 CENTRAL INTEI I laFt�IrF RIlIITIkJ Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 8 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 I III. THE WEST French Nuclear Deterrent Program EIlhe implications of De Gaulle's plans to develop an in- dependent French nuclear deterrent force, have been under study by his top financial and military advisers in preparation for their meeting with him on 11 March to discuss implementation of the program. Long-range plans call for creation of a nu- clear striking force to include thermonuclear weapons and to be "susceptible of being deployed at any moment and in any place." De Gaulle expects to have Mirage IIT-A bombers between 1963 and 1965 with IRBMs as the eventual delivery weapon. Interest in developing an independent nuclear weap- ons system stems from the conclusion of French officials that France or French interests conceivably could become a pawn in the battle between East and West, or that France's allies might not risk defending France in certain circum- stances where to do so would invite a missile attack on their own territory/ [French economic experts have xpressed the view that the cost of an independent nuclear program�which they estimate would triple France's military expenditures-- would be a "ruinous" burden. Parliamentary discussion in November of the 1960 budget, which contained some appropri- ations for work on delivery systems as well as nuclear devel- opment, revealed extensive concern among the deputies about "how much time and money" the program would take and doubts as to what purpose an independent nuclear "striking force" would servg, group of high-level military officers, who seem primarily concerned over French vulnerability during the time required to develop a national deterrent, have prepared an alternative plan. It calls for a revision of NATO so that the development, produc- tion, emplacement, and use of modern weapons would be con- trolled by an international planning staff. Asserting that NATO is based on an outmoded system in which these matters have] 11 Mar 60 CFKITI?Al WWI I IrtPkIrr RI iiicTiki Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 Page 9 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 11111.1 Lilemained under national control, the plan by implication crit- icizes America's virtually unilateral control over NATO's ac- tual use of nuclear weapons, Retired Air Force General Gallois, the originator of the paper for the military group, is well known as a proponent of "double control" of such weap- ons, involving a shared control between the possessor and the host country.] at is most probable that the internationalization envisaged by this plan would be limited to "nuclear" powers, which now would include France. The importance France attaches to De Gaulle's demand for tripartite coordination of global strategy will be emphasized in a speech to be given in Germany on 11 March by French General Billotte. Billotte is expected to out- line secret military conversations in 1947 which, he says, com- mitted France; the UK, and the US to elaborate a common strat- egy involving the "entire world" and specifically acknowledged French responsibilities in the Mediterranean and Pacific areas and in Africa] 11 Mar 60 A--pi-E:rd\Te-dfor Release: -020/63/1-3 CO2-6-97529 Page 10 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 4:4trir/ IA L �10e THE PRESIDENT The Vice President Executive Offices of the White House Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Scientific Adviser to the President Director of the Budget Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy Executive Secretary, National Security Council The Treasury Department The Secretary of the Treasury The Department of State The Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration The Counselor Director, International Cooperation Administration The Director of Intelligence and Research The Department of Defense The Secretary of Defense The Deputy Secretary of Defense Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs The Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of the Air Force The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff Commandant, United States Marine Corps The Director, The Joint Staff Chief of Staff, United States Army Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff Assistant Chief of Staff for Inteiligence, Department of Army Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force Supreme Allied Commander, Europe Commander in Chief, Pacific The Department of Commerce The Secretary of Commerce Federal Bureau of Investigation The Director Atomic Energy Commission The Chairman National Security Agency The Director National Indications Center The Director CO AL Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO2997529 ....... d-z_{,rzzivzz,,/Z/Z/ZZIWZMZ.r.firsicesoff ?Th. 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