CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1959/01/28

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03023334
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: February 25, 2020
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2020
• Publication Date: January 28, 1959

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28 January 1959
Copy No.
CENTRAL
63
IYTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN
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28 JANUARY 1959
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Preliminary view of highlights in
Khrushchev's speech to party con-
gress.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Iranian attitude'at Baghdad Pact meet-
ing evokes British and Turkish concern
over possible Iranian neutralism; Iran
reportedly preparing draft of Iranian-
Soviet nonaggression pact.
New African disturbances erupt in Bel-
gian Congo; nationalists request and
receive political assistance from Ghana.�
\\
African demonstrations in Nyasaland
reflect growing extremist threat to evo-
lution and existence of Federation of
Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Pakistani land reform offers promise
of more productive agricultural sys-
tem; rapid implementation would in-
crease popular support for government. 0
0
0
III. THE WEST
West Germany - Adenauer offers
help if other countries unwilling to
accept IRBMs.
Honduran exiles in Nicaragua conduct
violent propaganda campaign; clan-
destine radio calls for revolt in Hon-
duras.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
C3
28 January 1.959
DAILY BRIEF
L THE COMMUNIST BLOC
*USSR: On preliminary study, the TASS summary of
Khrushchev's speech to the special 21st party congress
does not reveal any significant changes in the seven-year-
plan goals approved by the central committee in November.
In the foreign policy field, Khrushchev repeated the Soviet
position on a number of issues, including the German prob-
em and disarmament, but for the first time openly crit-
icized Nasir's crackdown on UAR Communists. He again
attacked the "anti-party" group in the USSR but gave no clues
as to plans for further moves against them. According to
Western press reports, Ithrushchev said that "the Soviet
Union has started the serial production of intercontinental
ballistic missiles" but this statement was not included in
the TASS summary. (Page 1)
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Iran: Et the Karachi meeting of the Baghdad Pact, Turk-
ish Prime Minister Menderes expressed his concern to Dep-
uty Undersecretary Henderson over Iranian Prime Minister
Eqbal's uncommunicative and evasive attitude. He voiced the
fear that Iran may be "seriously flirting with the idea" of neu
tralism and also commented on Eqbal's use of the term "peace-
ful coexistence." The chief British delegate, Defense Minister
Sandys, also voiced deep concern over Iran's position. In
Tehran:, meanwhile, the Shah is reported to have instructed
Foreign Minister Hekmat to prepare a draft Iranian-Soviet
nonaggression pact for discussion with Soviet authoritief:j
(Page 3)
Ii
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Belgian Congo: New anti-European disturbances occurred
at two points in the Congo this week despite Belgium's commit-
ment earlier this month to the principle of eventual independ-
ence for the Congo. N'ationalists in Leopoldville have asked
Ghana's Prime Minister Nkrumah for support, and Nkrumah
has moved to hire lawyers to defend arrested Congolese nati
(Page 5) (Map)
alistg
� RhOdesia and Nyasaland: 't_ecent demonstrations in Nya-
saland reflect the growing threat posed by extremist African
nationalists to this British protectorate's moderate evolution
and to the continued existence of the Federation of Rhodesia
and Nyasaland. The federation was created in 1953 and is dom
mated by European settlers. Extremist leader Hastings Banda
already overshadows all rivals in the nationalist movement in
Nyasaland and appears to be undercutting more moderately in-
clined African leaders in Northern and Southern Rhodes/
(Page 7) (Map)
Pakistan: The land reform program announced by Pres-
ident Ayub on 24 January should lay the basis for a more pro-
ductive system of agriculture by providing several million
acres for distribution to the peasants and by eliminating small,
uneconomic holdings. The protests of the landowners affected
will probably be overridden by the military government. Rapid
implementation of the program would increase the government's
popular support. (Page 8)
III. THE WEST
West Germany: LQi Chancellor Adenauer's instructions,
Defense Minister Strauss has informed General Norstad that
if other countries are unwilling to accept IRBMs, Germany will
"step in and help." Earlier Bonn had been unwilling to risk ad-
verse local public reaction to stationing of IRBMs in Germany.
Strauss also indicated that Bonn would like to begin an exten-
sive modern weapons research progranA
(Page 0)
28 Jan 59 DAILY BRIEF
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Honduras -Nicaragua: fThe Villeda administration in Hon-
duras, beset by critical poll ical problems, has evidenced
concern over a violent propaganda campaign emanating from
several hundred Honduran exiles near the border in neighbo
ing Nicaragua. For over a month a clandestine radio in Nic
aragua has been announcing an imminent "liberation movemen
and calling on sympathizers within Honduras to revolt. The
emirs evidently have Nicaraguan support:1
28 Jan 59
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DAILY BRIEF iii
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I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Khrushchev Opens 21st Party Congress
Speaking in confident and optimistic tones Khrushchev
on 27 January led off the special 21st party congress with a
six-hour report on the seven-year plan which largely followed
the "theses" approved by the party central committee last
November. According to the TASS summary, he reiterated
the Soviet goal of surpassing the United States in per capita
industrial production by 1970 and credited his 1957 reorgani-
zation of industrial management with a major share in ac-
celerating economic development. He claimed that the world
balance of forces will show a "decisive edge" in favor of the
bloc when the economic goals of the USSR's seven-year plan
have been achieved.
Khrushchev criticized the crackdown on Communists in
the UAR. Previously, Soviet displeasure over this action had
been expressed only privately. After asserting that Nasir has
"won the warmest regard of the Soviet people" and that the USSR
"never interferes" in the internal affairs of other countries, he
declared he could not remain silent about the campaign being con-
ducted in the UAR under the "spurious guise of anti-Communism."
He added, however, that differing ideological views between the
USSR and the UAR "should not impede the development of friendly
relations,.. and the joint struggle against imperialism."
Calling agreement in the disarmament field the "main task
today," Khrushchev repeated Moscow's standard formula for the
permanent banning of testing, production, and use of nuclear
weapons and guided missiles and the destruction of stockpiles.
He repeated, without apparent softening, the position on the
German problem set forth in Moscow's 10 January note proposing
a peace treaty with the two German states which would solve the
future status of Berlin by making the Western sector a free city
under UN "guarantees."
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The speech showed no relaxation in Moscow's attitude
toward Belgrade. Khrushchev once again cited Yugoslav
membership in the Balkan Pact as refutation of Belgrade's
claim that it stands outside all blocs. He disparaged the
Yugoslav living standard, and suggested it spoke poorly for
Tito's theories and policies. Yugoslav allegations of differences
between Moscow and Peiping were also condemned. Many Chi-
nese Communist practices are "original," he conceded, "but we
have no disagreements."
The TASS summary of Khrushchev's speech cast little light
on Warsaw Radio's 26 January report from its Moscow correspond-
ent that the Congress would also discuss "certain other, wider
problems of a political nature." The Soviet leader again con-
demned the "anti-party" group as ,a despicable group of factional-
ists and dissenters," but, at least in the summary, there was no
suggestion that further action would be taken. He also said that
the Soviet constitution should be overhauled to reflect the "sweep-
ing" changes in the life of the country. Klirushchev's alleged
statement on "serial production" of intercontinental ballistic mis-
siles--reported by the Western press but not by TASS--is in ac-
cord with existing National Intelligence Estimates.
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IL ASIA-AFRICA
Iran's Negative Attitude Causing Concern Among Baghdad
Pact Allies
Ert,irkish and British representatives attending he Baghdad
Pact Ministerial Council meeting at Karachi are expressing
concern that Iran may be considering a policy of neutralism.
Turkish Prime Minister Menderes told Deputy Under Secretary
Loy Henderson he believes Iranian Prime Minister Eqbars
"evasive" attitude and use of the word "coexistence" have such
implications. Menderes says Eqbal told him immediately be
fore the meeting that insufficient attention was being given to
Iran's dangerous defense situation, and that he cannot sign a bi-
lateral defense agreement with the US at Karachi even if the US
agrees to every point desired by Iran. Furthermore Eqbal re-
portedly said that he would never again attend a Baghdad Pact
meeting,
aritish Defense Minister Duncan Sandys, who is leading
the UK delegation, has stressed Iran's difficult position geo-
graphically and financially and stated that loss of Iran by the
West would be a calamity3
fft_eports continue to emanate from Tehran that Iran is seri-
ously considering a nonaggression pact with the USSR.
Foreign Minister Hekmat has
been instructed by the Shah to prepare a draft agreement to dis-
cuss with the USSR. Iran would not sign the bilateral defense
agreement with the US until a decision is reaehed on such a
Soviet-Iranian pacig
ter Hekmat, at the cabinet meeting before boars departure, ap-
pealed for a loosening of the "embarrassingly close ties" with
the US and for friendly moves toward the USSR. He was turned
down by the Shah. The Shah is reported to have said that Iran's)
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Oose and unequivocal friendship with the US is an unchangeable
cornerstone of its foreign policy,;bUt that Iran could possibly
negotiate with the US in a more efficient manneq
28 Jan 59
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