APPROVED FOR RELEASE CIA HISTORICAL RELEASE PROGRAM JUNE 2017' Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 .Z15PIKR41,...* Central Intelligence Agency Washington. O. C. 20505 MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of Central Intelligence SUBJECT COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: Combat Actions to Destroy Enemy Submarines, Surface Ships, Land Targets, and Troops AR 70-14 14 November 1986 1. The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is a translatiol or part of a 12-chapter book on Soviet Navy combat regulations, classified SECRET and published by the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1983. This fourth report in the series covers the methods used by Soviet submarines, surface ship combatants, and naval aviation to destroy enemy SSENs, aircraft carrier groups, ASW forces, and pertinent land and coastal targets, with the main emphasis being on the elimination of enemy SSBNs and aircraft carriers. 2. Because the source of this report is extremely sensitive, this document should be handled on a strict need-to-know basis within recipient agencies. Dep 3 Director for Operations TS #868409 Copy ?..a__ Page 1 of 32 Pages Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 TOPIECIPAL Distribution: The Director of Central Intelligence The Director of Intelligence and Research Department of State The Joint Chiefs of Staff The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence Department of the Army Director of Naval Intelligence Department of the Navy The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence U. S. Air Force Director, National Security Agency Deputy Director of Central Intelligence Deputy Director for Intelligence Director of Soviet Analysis Director of Scientific and Weapons Research Page 2 of 32 Pages TS #868409 Copy rOP?SiCIET. Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 COUNTRY USSR DATE OF INFO. 1983 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 "RIP-3KREL Intelligence Information Special Report SUBJECT Page 3 of 32 Pages DATE 14 November 1986 Combat Regulations of the Soviet Navy: Chapters 6-8, Combat Actions to Destroy Enemy Submarines, Surface Ships, Land Targets, and Troops SOURCE Documentary Summary: The following report is a translation from Russian of Chapters 6-8 of the SECRET 1983 edition of the USSR Ministry of Defense's combat regulations for the Soviet Navy. Chapter 6 covers the methods that Soviet SSBNs, cruise missile submarines, naval attack aircraft, and coastal missile-artillery troops use to knock out enemy land and coastal targets. Chapter 7 provides details of how Soviet ASV forces, made up of surface ships, submarines, aircraft, and helicopters, operate and coordinate their actions against enemy SSBNs and ASW forces in open ocean areas and littoral seas. Chapter 8 discusses the combat actions of a variety of Soviet combatants (submarine reconnaissance-strike groups, surface ship strike groups, guided-missile and torpedo boats, aircraft, etc.) against enemy aircraft carrier groups, ASV forces, and general-purpose surface ships. The main focus of the chapter is the destruction of the enemy's aircraft carriers by the above-named Soviet forces in groups or singly, and also in cooperation with Soviet Long-Range Aviation and Strategic Rocket Forces. End of Summary TO ET TS #868409 PY # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 U"."'SPIECRe. Page 4 of 32 Pages USSR MINISTRY OF DEFENSE Copy No. COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE NAVY FOR DIVISION, BRIGADE, REGIMENT, AND SHIP Put Into Effect on 26 January 1983 as Per Order No. 039 of the USSR Minister of Defense MOSCOW MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE 1983 TS #868409 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 ItirsocaEL TABLE OF CONTENTS* Page 5 of 32 Pages CHAPTER 1: THE NAVY AND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ITS COMBAT EMPLOYMENT IN OPERATIONS The Nature of Modern Wars and the Navy's Mission The Combat Employment of the Forces of the Navy and the Fundamentals of Naval Combat Combat Service CHAPTER 2: CONTROL OF FORCES General Provisions Control Posts The Organization of the Monitoring of the Situation The Organization of Communications The Employment of Automated Control Systems The Fundamentals of Command and Staff Work in the Control of Forces CHAPTER 3: POLITICAL WORK CHAPTER 4: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENT Submarine Division (Brigade) Surface Ship Division (Brigade) Naval Aviation Division (Regiment) Naval Infantry Division (Regiment) Coastal Missile-Artillery Troop Division (Brigade, Regiment) CHAPTER 5: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE SHIP The Preparation of the Ship for Combat Actions The Ship's Levels of Combat Readiness The Ship in Sea Transit The Organization of the Ship's Defense and Protection The Ship in Combat Comment: Although Chapters 1-5 and 9-12 are not included in this document, their titles and subsection titles have been provided for information purposes. 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Page 6 of 32 Pages CHAPTER 6: COMBAT ACTIONS TO HIT ENEMY LAND TARGETS AND TROOPS . . . 7 CHAPTER 7: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SUBMARINES 13 CHAPTER 8: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SURFACE SHIPS 20 CHAPTER 9: JOINT COMBAT ACTIONS OF NAVAL LARGE UNITS AND THE LARGE UNITS AND UNITS FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES Combat Actions in Debarking Amphibious Landing Forces The Cooperation of Troops Attacking along Coastal Axes The Cooperation of Troops Defending Coastal Axes CHAPTER 10: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DEFEND BASING AREAS AND SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION The Defense of Basing Areas The Defense of Sea Lines of Communication The Fundamentals of Convoy Duty CHAPTER 11: THE BASING AND REBASING (REDEPLOYMENT) OF LARGE UNITS AND UNITS Basing Rebasing (Redeployment) CHAPTER 12: THE SUPPORT OF COMBAT ACTIONS Combat Support Special Technical Support Rear Services Support TS #868409 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Page 7 of 32 Pages CHAPTER 6: COMBAT ACTIONS TO HIT ENEMY LAND TARGETS AND TROOPS 311. Combat actions to hit [pa porazheniyu] enemy land targets and troops are conducted in the operations of formations Coleyedineniya] or in a naval operation (combat actions) to destroy enemy land targets, and also in joint operations in which the Ground Forces cooperate on maritime axes with large units of missile and multipurpose submarines, large units of surface ships (small combatants), and large units (units) of naval aviation and coastal missile-artillery troops independently and in cooperation with large units and units from other branches of the Armed Forces. 312. Large units of missile submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles conduct combat actions in combat patrol areas (on combat patrol routes) and in combat action areas defined by the limits of the effective range of their missile weapons. In order to preclude mutual detection and interference when weapons are employed, dividing zones [polosy] are designated between adjacent combat patrol areas (routes) and combat action areas. In a period of threat or when combat actions are conducted with conventional weapons, the combat stability of missile submarines takes on special significance, resulting in the organization of protection and cover for their combat patrol areas (routes) and combat action areas and also direct protection for the submarines. 313. Combat actions by missile submarines with ballistic missiles are conducted, as a rule, by single submarines independently or with protection from multipurpose submarines, and the missile submarines deliver nuclear missile strikes against important enemy land objectives (targets). Missile submarines armed with cruise missiles conduct combat actions, as a rule, within type or mixed groups and deliver missile (nuclear missile) strikes against coastal targets that have a weak air defense (PVO) system and also against-Ships moored in ports, bases, or inner harbors or near the coast. Firing against land targets using cruise missiles is carried out, as a rule,, in one salvo,from maximum taking taking into account elevations that exceed the missiles' cruising altitude. 314. Missile submarines deliver strikes against land targets upon receipt of an order [specifying either] "at a designated time" or "immediately." When TS #868409 Copy # TO ET L Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 ZarSECRIU Page 8 of 32 Pages designating the time of missile launch, the established communications program and the time required for prelaunch preparation are taken into consideration. When an order calling for a missile launch at a designated time is received, the first missile is launched precisely at the specified point in time. When an order calling for an immediate missile launch is received, a submarine launches its first missile as soon as the prelaunch preparation of the missile system is completed. 315. Ensuring the specified readiness to launch missiles and precisely knowing one's own position and corrections to the indicated course of the missile submarine with an accuracy ensuring a successful missile strike are essential conditions for performing the assigned task and are the constant concern of the submarine commander. If the conditions of the situation make it impossible to refine the navigation data for firing, the missile launch is carried out on the basis of dead reckoning data. / 316. In a surprise initiation of nuclear war by the enemy, submarines mayl deliver missile strikes directly from their main or dispersed basing points. , 317. Procedures for reporting by missile submarines in transit, In combat patrol areas (on combat patrol routes), and in combat action areas provide for the observance of maximum concealment and are specified in the combat instructions to the submarine commanders. Missile submarines report on the accomplishment of their combat task as soon as possible after missiles are launched. The report specifies the time when launches were completed and the number of missiles launched. 318. After all missiles are launched, missile submarines head for the missile reloading points [punkty perezaryadki raket] nearest to them or they are used as multipurpose submarines to perform other tasks. 319. Missile submarines deploy singly or in groups in cruising formations which best meet the requirements of concealment, readiness to employ weapons, and reliable defense from enemy actions. 320. Missile submarines in sea transit, in combat patrol areas (on combat patrol routes), and in combat action areas must avoid encounters with enemy surface ships, auxiliaries, submarines, and aircraft. TS #868409 Copy it TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 ET Page 9 of 32 Pages They may employ their weapons against surface ships, submarines, and auxiliaries prior to the accomplishment of the !pip taa_02y_tot_49.11_51q.nr or when evasiariiiiiiPossible. 321. The combat actions of missile submarines are supported during sea transit, in combat patrol areas (on combat patrol routes), and in combat action areas by specially assigned submarines, surface ships, aviation, and other forces and means, which perform tasks of conducting reconnaissance, destroying enemy ASV forces and diverting them in false directions, suppressing and deceiving (dezinformatsiya] the enemy's systems for monitoring the situation in the theater of military operations and his antimissile systems, conducting diversionary actions on secondary axes, and relaying especially important combat control signals and data on the situation. The basis of air defense for submarines at sea is land-based fighter aviation within the tactical operating radius of the fighters and their means of control. In certain eases, air-capable ships with fighter aviation and surface ships with surface-to-air missile systems may be used to perform air defense tasks. The air defense of submarines in combat patrol areas (on combat patrol routes) and in combat action areas located near our coast may be augmented by the forces and means of front air defense (PVO) forces and of formations (ob"yedineniya) of the Air Defense Forces. 322. Ensuring that missile submarines are secure from the strikes of enemy submarines is achieved by carrying out measures providing cover and deception [C&D, maskirovka] for them, by carrying out measures to conceal their actions, and by providing ASV support when exiting basing points, when deploying, and when on combat patrol. ASV support to missile submarines is carried out by providing cover (prikrytiye] and protecting their combat patrol areas (routes) and combat action areas and by providing direct escort for missile submarines. Cover consists of actions by ASW forces along threat axes at ranges which ensure that [our] missile submarines can withdraw from the search swath [polosa] of enemy submarines, or that enemy submarines are destroyed or diverted in false directions. Protection of areas consists of actions by multipurpose submarines to search for, divert, and destroy enemy ASW forces near the combat patrol areas (routes), combat action areas, and deployment areas of missile submarines. Escort for missile submarines, as a rule, is carried out by multipurpose submarines and can be a close or a distant escort. TS #868409 Copy # TO Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 -R5r3ICREL Page 10 of 32 Pages A close escort stays within the range of reliable hydroacoustic communications: in this ease, the multipurpose submarine follows in a single formation [stroy] with the missile submarine and carries out actions to defend it. A distant escort is provided by the actions of a multipurpose submarine in a single combat formation with a missile submarine, operating ahead along the missile submarine's course or on a threat axis at a range which allows the missile submarine to avoid being detected by enemy ASW forces in advance. 323. Defense of large units, groups, and single missile submarines when they are exiting base and dispersing (returning to base) under conditions of an increased threat from actions by enemy ASW forces or from a mine threat, as a rule, is organized by providing a screen for each missile submarine individually. ASW ships, aircraft (helicopters), minesweepers, and other forces are employed to provide a screen. As a rule, the commander of the large unit of surface ships providing the escort service is designated commander of the escort, and the submarines and all forces making up the escort are subordinated to him during this period. 324. Large units and units of naval missile-carrying and attack aircraft may deliver strikes againstArwal.Ium...mtaanfnucleartackriatiticlat defense both in the coastal zone and in the depth of enemy territory by employing missiles, aerial bombs, and other combat means with nuclear and conventional warheads independently and in cooperation with missile submarines and surface ships and also with units and large units of front and long-range aviation. 325. Large units and units of naval missile-carrying and attack aircraft, / as a rule, deliver simultaneous massed strikes against enemy land targets. In conducting protracted operations against land targets, follow-on strikes may also be delivered by groups, subunits, and units of aviation, when it is impossible to allocate a sufficient quantity of forces and when operating against enemy targets that have weak air defenses. 326. When strikes are delivered against enemy land targets by naval missile-carrying and attack aircraft, one must consider the dimensions, strength, and radar contrast of the targets, the nature of the ground relief, the destructive characteristics of the weapons being employed, the air defense system, and the possibility that the enemy will create false targets. 327. When delivering strikes against land targets, combat formations of large units, units, and subunits of naval missile-carrying and attack aircraft must, as a rule, ensure the maximum possible density of fire in the strike, the TS .868409 Copy I typ4Eci- Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 itrgEGRE.I Page 11 of 32 Pages reliable suppression of the radioelectronic means of enemy air defense systems, and also the elimination of unintentional interference. 328. In general, support to aviation against enemy counteraction is begun before the strike groups approach the line where enemy radar means will detect them. This is accomplished by destroying and suppressing his means of detecting! airborne targets and of vectoring fighters through the employment of specially assigned groups of aircraft and also by conducting diversionary actions to divert air defense forces and means away from the strike groups' flight direction. To ensure that aircraft get through the flight route and to support them in the strike area, individual and group onboard means of radioelectronic warfare and various tactical methods of strike and support groups are employed to reduce the effectiveness of enemy counteractions, and the results of strikes by other types of aviation and missile forces in the strike areas or in adjacent areas are also exploited. 329. Shipborne attack aircraft, as a rule, conduct combat actions against enemy land targets and forces in cooperation with surface ships and large units and units of other types of aviation. The targets of such strikes may be antilanding forces and means, personnel and weapons in defended positions, antiaircraft means, batteries of coastal and field artillery, missile launchers, command posts, and other objectives (targets) within range of shipborne attack aircraft. 330. Large units and units of coastal missile-artillery troops may deliver strikes against enemy means of nuclear attack, naval bases, ports, airfields, weapons, and troops located on the coast by employing missiles with nuclear and conventional warheads and artillery independently or in cooperation with surface ships, naval aviation, and the missile troops and artillery of the ground forces. Deployment areas for mobile coastal missile units are selected, as a rule, to be beyond range of the enemy's tactical missiles, taking into account the terrain and readiness to make a rapid march to new areas. 331. Large units of missile-gunnery ships can deliver strikes against enemy land targets and troops to destroy, defeat, disable, or neutralize them through the employment of missiles and guns independently or in cooperation with aviation, ground forces, and coastal missile-artillery units. 332. The main targets of nuclear missile, missile, and missile-gunnery 1 strikes by surface ships may be enemy control posts, means of nuclear attack, coastal missile launchers and artillery, antilanding installations, troops, TS #868409 Copy # -1,31011C9fIL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 ircirsesalx?. Page 12 of 32 Pages division reserves, battalion resistance centers, platoon and company defended positions, concentrations of tanks and other combat equipment, and also aircraft (helicopters) and installations at coastal airfields. 333. When tasks are assigned to surface ships operating against land targets, the following are designated: the main and alternate targets for strikes, the coordinates of aiming points, the dimensions and characteristics of target protection, the height of targets above sea level, the location of our own forces in the area at the time of the strike, and the axes of their subsequent actions. In addition, the main and alternate areas for firing positions are provided, and the types of fire and the means of fire support and observation are specified. 334. Small missile-armed ships and guided-missile patrol boats armed with short-range cruise missiles are assigned targets which have a radar contrast and are located near the coastline. 335. In joint operations with ground forces on maritime axes and when amphibious forces are landing, missile-gunnery ships within ship strike groups and detachments of fire support ships perform the tasks of destruction by fire against the enemy and also destruction of his landing ships and landing forces on the beach. 336. Multipurpose submarines may conduct combat actions against coastal targets and stationary naval targets (objectives) by using torpedos and ASW missiles. Torpedos with nuclear and conventional warheads may be used against targets located right at the water's edge. ASW missiles may also be used against targets located in a coastal area (pribrezhnaya polosa]. TS #868409 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 TOP-32CREL. Page 13 of 32 Pages CHAPTER 7: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SUBMARINES 337. Combat actions to destroy enemy submarines are conducted in operations (combat actions) of formations [obuyedineniya] and in naval operations (combat actions) to destroy the enemy's missile submarines and his groupings of ASW forces and to defeat his naval forces in closed and littoral seas and in ocean areas; combat actions are also conducted as part of antisubmarine support (defense) for actions by forces and in other operations (combat actions) by large units (soyedineniyal and units of antisubmarine forces independently and in cooperation with large units and units of other types of forces of the Navy and of other branches of the Armed Forces. Units of the Strategic Rocket Forces may be employed in the combat actions. gti 338. Antisubmarine forces include divisions (divizii] (brigades) of ASW ships and multipurpose submarines, regiments (independent squadrons (otdel'nyye eskadril'ill of ASW aircraft and helicopters, and also other large units of submarines and surface ships armed with the means to detect and destroy submarines. When at sea, every submarine (surface ship, aircraft, helicopter) with the means to detect and destroy submarines must, regardless of the task to be performed, .be ready to conduct combat actions to destroy enemy submarines independently, within a large unit (group), and in cooperation with other types of forces of the Navy. 339. Combat actions to destroy enemy submarines in the ocean (at sea) are conducted, as a rule, by groupings of mixed ASW forces making widespread use of fixed and positioned means coordinated by time and place with the actions of large units (units) of other types of forces of the Navy and of other branches of the Armed Forces. Groupings of mixed ASW forces are organized, as a rule, around divisions and brigades of ASW ships. 340. Prior to the initiation of military actions, the search for enemy submarines is carried out in the course of antisubmarine search operations and systematic search actions. Antisubmarine search operations are conducted by formations and large units of various types of forces in order to ascertain the underwater situation in closed seas or in broad sea (ocean) areas. TS #868409 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 TaPIECRU._ Page 14 of 32 Pages Systematic search actions are conducted in order to ascertain the underwater situation in limited areas and to sustain a daily monitoring of the activities of the probable enemy's submarines. They are conducted by large units (groups) and by single submarines, surface ships, and aircraft (helicopters) in the form of brief sample searches [kontrornyye poiski] of areas, lines, and zones (routes), [carried out] upon request or in picket patrols. 341. Depending on the circumstances, combat actions by large units (units) of ASW forces are conducted in areas, along antisubmarine lines (barriers), along a specified axis, or upon request, and include the search for and destruction of enemy submarines. Combat actions in an area consist of [...] [There are 23 lines illegible here in the original.] [...] conducted in a specified zone or along a specified route. Combat actions upon request consist of coordinated actions by large units, units, groups, or individual submarines, ships, or aircraft (helicopters) ordered into an area where an enemy submarine has been possibly located on the basis of data from other forces or means. 342. A naval battle by a group of ASW forces and individual submarines [There are 24 lines illegible here in the original.] 344. Combat actions to destroy enemy multipurpose submarines are conducted by large units (units) of ASW forces on both the main and supporting axes of actions by forces in naval operations and in the operations (combat actions) of formations. The main goal of such combat actions is the destruction of eneqy multipurpose submarines before they can occupy positions to employ weapons I against our naval forces on the ocean (at sea) or at their basing points. TS #868409 Copy # TOPSF.CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 TarSECREL Page 15 of 32 Pages 345. The combat formation of large units, units, and groups of ASV forces must ensure a high degree of effectiveness in the search for and destruction of enemy submarines in the shortest possible time. 346. Tactical cooperation must provide for the unification and coordination (with respect to targets, place and time) of the efforts of ship and aviation search-strike (poiskovo -udarnyye] groups and of groups and individual multipurpose submarines, aircraft, and helicopters, taking into account data from the system for monitoring the underwater situation and the actions of supporting forces and neighboring units. When organizing tactical cooperation, the following should be provided for: the coordination of areas, maneuvering plans, times, and methods for actions by forces when searching for submarines; measures to ensure rapid and precise vectoring of forces against enemy submarines which have been detected and tracked; the coordination of the actions of forces when delivering strikes against them; security measures when conducting combat actions with the employment of nuclear and conventional weapons; the exchange of information on the situation and actions by forces; and the organization of warning, identification [opoznavaniyel, and target designation. 347. When an underwater target (targets) is detected, the contact must be classified rapidly so that weapons can be employed immediately. If, at the time when military actions begin, contact is held on several underwater targets having the characteristics of submarines but among which it is impossible to reliably identify the enemy submarines, weapons are employed against all the targets. Delaying an attack on a detected enemy submarine may allow the submarine to deliver a preemptive strike. As a rule, an attack must ensure that the enemy submarine is destroyed by the first salvo. In order to destroy an escaping enemy submarine, pursuit [presledovaniye] of the submarine is organized, during which a series of successive attacks on it are carried out. 348. The direct control of ASW forces in one area (on one line) is exercised by the commander of the search forces, designated from among the commanders of the surface ship large units. The commander of the search forces exercises control over attached ships and aircraft (helicopters) after they cross a specified line and two-way communications are established. 349. Large units of submarines conduct combat actions against enemy submarines independently or within a grouping of mixed ASW forces, operating as groups of submarines or individually. TS #868409 Copy I "fcerlscga... Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 1:0PleGREL Page 16 of 32 Pages The combat formation of submarines includes search-strike groups and individual submarines armed with torpedos and antisubmarine missiles. Submarines with cruise missiles may be included in search-strike groups to 1 provide combat stability from strikes by enemy surface ships. Large units (groups) of submarines conduct independent combat actions in areas where the circumstances make it impossible or inadvisable to conduct joint actions with mixed ASW forces. In this connection, nuclear-powered submarines are used primarily in distant areas with a strong ASW defense, at the exits from enemy submarine basing points, in straits, narrows, and the approaches to them, I and also under ice. Diesel submarines conduct combat actions in areas with a weak ASW defense and also on the approaches to our own coast. 350. Submarines conduct a search by employing all detection means. The speed, submergence depth, detection means, their operating regime, and the methods of maneuvering must be specified based on the assigned tasks, the condition of the situation, and the expected ranges of mutual detection in order to achieve the maximum possible search effectiveness and to create favorable conditions for employing weapons at the outset of and during combat actions. During the search, the combat formation of submarines must ensure that an area is swept [obsledovaniye] in the designated period of time with a given probability [of detection], and must preclude mutual detection and destruction. The combat formation of diesel submarines must also allow them to charge their batteries while observing concealment of action and to search in the designated area. 351. Upon detection of an enemy submarine, an attack on it is carried out in the shortest possible time by means of a salvo which ensures its certain destruction. After employing its weapons, the submarine performs an evasive maneuver, evaluates the results of the attack, reports it to the command post, and continues to perform its assigned task. Upon receipt of an order to redeploy, a submarine proceeds to the new area (line, zone, route) over calculated or assigned routes and occupies it within a prescribed period of time. 352. Alarge unit of ASW surface ships conducts combat actions against enemy submarines independently or within a grouping of mixed ASW forces in type or mixed ship search-strike groups. As a rule, a type ship search-strike group includes ships of one type (or subtype), while a mixed group includes a ship search-strike group with attached submarines or ASW aircraft (helicopters)* TS #868409 Copy i TO Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 "rarVeetig..... Page 17 of 32 Pages 353. The composition of ship search-strike groups is determined by the large-unit commander on the basis of the assigned task, the area of operations, and the combat capabilities of the ships in the large unit. In order to increase its combat stability, especially when operating in distant areas, missile-gunnery ships, air-capable ships, and special air defense (P110) ships are included in the composition of ship search-strike groups. When ship search-strike groups are formed, the capabilities of automated control systems must be utilized, and any unintentional interference with the operation of ships' sonars must be precluded. The order (order] (or formation (stroy]) and the nature of the search-strike group's maneuvering must ensure an effective sweep of the combat action area, mutual vectoring, and joint attacks on a detected enemy submarine with convTltional or nuclear weapons, and must preclude mutual destruction and also ensure reliable control and combat stability. 354. The commander or chief of staff of a brigade (divizion*) of ASW ships is designated the commander of a ship search-strike group. In certain cases, one of the ship commanders may be designated the commander of the ship search- strike group. 355. Shipborne ASW helicopters are employed in the search for enemy submarines, as a rule, from ships which have a group of helicopters based aboard them. Shipborne helicopters from ships which have a single helicopter based aboard them are employed mainly to confirm and classify contacts gained by other means, to regain a contact and pass it from one group of forces to another, to support the establishment of sonar contact based on the detection of a submarine's wake, and to issue target designation to the ships of the search- strike group so they can employ antisubmarine weapons. The actions of shipborne ASW helicopters are controlled by the commander of the large unit (group) or by the commander of the ship, when operating singly. Ship commanders are responsible for maintaining the prescribed readiness of * Translator's note: In previous chapters and in this chapter the Russian term divizi a has been translated as "division," while the Russian term divizion plural form: diviziony) has been left in its transliterated form. A diviziya is a tactical large unit made up of large Soviet combatants such as Kiev-type aircraft carriers, cruisers, nuclear submarines, etc., which the Soviets refer to as "ships of the first rank." A divizion is a tactical large unit made up of smaller-size combatants such as destroyers, diesel submarines, escort ships, minesweepers, torpedo boats, etc., these being classified as "ships of the second, third, or fourth rank," depending on their size. But in a ground forces context, a divizion is a missile/artillery battalion. TS #868409 Copy # PSEC.1' Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 "fargECREL Page 18 of 32 Pages their helicopters and ensuring their safety when taking off from the ship and landing on it. 356. A ship search-strike group employs weapons against an enemy submarine to destroy it when combat actions begin or, upon receipt of an order (specifying employment] immediately upon establishing contact and classifying the target. 357. When several search-strike groups are conducting combat actions simultaneously, a detected submarine is destroyed by the group (ship) which first detected it. The remaining search-strike groups continue the search in areas assigned to them or conduct the search on the flanks of the attacking group. The commander of the search forces specifies the order of the relief of search-strike groups in order to continue pursuing a submarine until it is destroyed. 358. When a submarine is detected by shipborne helicopters beyond the range of the ship's weapons, the initial strikes are made using the helicopters' weapons. The initial attacks by the ship are based on target designation from the helicopters and are carried out using ASW missiles or multi-torpedo salvos at long ranges. 359. When orders are received to employ nuclear weapons they are used first. In this case, the commander of the large unit (group) re-forms his ships in a timely manner into an order [order] (or formation (stroyi) which ensures effective employment of nuclear antisubmarine weapons and the safety of his own ships and helicopters from destruction by them. 360. When conducting combat actions, ASW ships must keep their means of protection from the enemy's submarine weapons in readiness for immediate employment. A ship which has detected an enemy submarine must consider itself under attack by missiles and torpedos and take protective measures, while simultaneously acting to destroy the enemy submarine as quickly as possible. 361. Units of ASW aviation conduct combat actions against enemy submarines using search, search-strike and strike groups, single aircraft, and helicopters independently or within a grouping (group) of mixed ASW forces in areas, on lines, and also at the request of other forces that have detected a submarine. Groups of aircraft (individual aircraft) performing final reconnaissance and providing jamming and cover against strikes by enemy fighters may be included in the combat formation of ASW aviation to increase its combat stability. TS #868409 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Page 19 of 32 Pages 362. As a rule, units (groups) of ASV aviation conduct a search for submarines through a simultaneous sweep of designated areas. They are capable of ascertaining the underwater situation in broad ocean (sea) areas in a short time and of rapidly increasing their capabilities to search for enemy submarines on the most important axes. 363. ASV aircraft and helicopters search for and track submarines with the aid of search and sighting [poiskovo-pritselinyye] systems. Acoustic and non- acoustic means form the basis of these systems and include radio sonobuoys, radars, search magnetometers [poiskovyye magnetometry], thermal imaging systems (teplovizory], sniffers (gazoanalizatory], and, on helicopters, sonars. 364. ASV aircraft and helicopters deliver strikes against enemy submarines using homing and remote-controlled [teleupravlayemyye] torpedos, bombs, and missiles at the outset of combat actions or on command. TS #868409 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 -113rsocaEL Page 20 of 32 Pages CHAPTER 8: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SURFACE SHIPS 365. Combat actions to destroy enemy surface ships are conducted in the operations (combat actions) of formations [obnyedineniya] and in naval operations (combat actions) to destroy enemy aircraft carrier groupings, to defeat his naval forces in closed and littoral seas and ocean areas, to disrupt his ocean and sea transportation, and to destroy enemy groupings of ASW forces; in antilanding operations; and during supporting actions and other operations (combat actions) by large units [soyedineniya] and units of submarines, surface ships, naval aviation, and coastal missile-artillery troops independently and in cooperation with large units and units from other branches of the Armed Forces. Large units and units of long-range aviation and of the Strategic Rocket Forces may be employed in the conduct of combat actions. In coastal zones [pribrezhnyye zonyl large units and units of front aviation, rocket troops and artillery, and front air defense troops may be employed in the conduct of combat actions. 366. Submarines conduct combat actions against enemy surface ships and auxiliaries in large units, groups, and singly, conducting a search and delivering missile and torpedo strikes while being vectored from a fleet (flotilla, squadron) command post and using data from their own reconnaissance and surveillance means. 367. Submarines carry out echeloned deployment in frontage and depth in the zone of probable enemy movement so as to ensure the timely detection of the enemy and the vectoring of as many submarines as possible toward the enemy to deliver strikes. 368. In general, a combat formation [boyevoy poryadok] of submarines includes a reconnaissance-strike group of multipurpose submarines armed with\ torpedos, ASW missiles, and short-range cruise missiles, one or several strike groups of submarines with medium- and long-range cruise missiles and torpedos, and also single submarines. 369. A reconnaissance-strike group performs tasks of searching for the enemy, transmitting data on the enemy to the fleet (flotilla, squadron) command post, issuing target designations to the submarines of strike groups, and delivering strikes against the main targets and the screening forces of the enemy in accordance with combat instructions. "TOPSICIAL..' 1, TS #868409 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430734 Page 21 of 32 Pages The submarines of a reconnaissance-strike group search for the enemy in their assigned areas (or lines) in a concealed manner, using all their reconnaissance and surveillance means. During the search, individual submarines periodically check the entire area, while submarines operating in a group maneuver according to assigned [course] legs and speeds. During the search, submarine commanders, taking into consideration the hydrological conditions in the area, select a submergence depth calculated to ensure that enemy ships and auxiliaries are detected at maximum range and that their (Soviets'] submarines produce minimal noise. Diesel submarines are permitted in a surfaced condition only when their batteries cannot be charged using the snorkel due to weather conditions or when a submarine must be in a surfaced condition to perform its task. In all such cases all concealment measures must be observed, and readiness for a crash dive must be ensured. 370. A strike group of submarines with medium- and long-range cruise missiles performs the tasks of delivering a joint strike against enemy aircraft carrier groups, detachments of combatants, landing detachments, and convoys. The departure areas of the strike group must be separated from the deployment areas (lines) of the reconnaissance-strike group by a distance no greater than the range of its cruise missiles. The composition of the strike groups is determined so that the most effective [polnotsennyy] missile salvo can be mounted to ensure destruction of the main target and preclude unintentional interference with missile guidance systems. Strike groups of torpedo-armed submarines [torpednyye podvodnyye lodki] perform tasks of destroying surface ships and auxiliaries and are located away from the designated line for detecting the enemy at a distance which ensures that they can be vectored against the enemy within the limits of the entire zone of his probable movement. The distance between strike groups in a combat formation must ensure that the first strike group can deliver follow-up torpedo strikes until the enemy approaches the next [strike] group. 371. Based on data from reconnaissance-strike submarines or on vectoring from a command post, submarines in strike groups close on the enemy and carry out follow-up attacks. In pursuing Epresleduya] the enemy, they also perform reconnaissance tasks and provide target designation to other forces. TS #868409 Copy # "111?SE If

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COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SUBMARINES, SURFACE SHIPS, LAND TARGETS, AND TROOPS