APPROVED FOR RELEASE CIA HISTORICAL RELEASE PROGRAM JUNE 2017 ri c-1 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 AR 70-14 Central Intelligence Agency MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of Central Intelligence SUBJECT COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: The Combat Activity of the Division, Brigade, and Regiment 7 October 1986 1. The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is a translati6i17- part of a 12-chapter book on Soviet Navy combat regulations, classified SECRET and published by the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1983. This third report in the series covers general operational doctrine for the accomplishment of naval combat missions by Soviet submarine, surface ship, naval aviation, naval infantry, and coastal missile-artillery units at the division, brigade, and regimental level. 2. Because the source of this report is extremely sensitive, this document should be handled on a strict need-to-know basis within recipient agencies. Deputy Director for Operations T11I3 DOCUHENT HAY NOT DC nunoDuco TS #868370 Copy # Page 1 of 28 Pages TtPIECRIL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 -70PIEcasz, Distribution: The Director of Central Intelligence The Director of Intelligence and Research Department of State The Joint Chiefs of Staff The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence Department of the Army Director of Naval Intelligence Department of the Navy The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence U. S. Air Force Director, National Security Agency Deputy Director of Central Intelligence Deputy Director for Intelligence Director of Soviet Analysis Director of Scientific and Weapons Research Page 2 of 28 Pages t 10''S C TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 COUNTRY nu DATE OF INFO. 1983 SOURCE Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 "fargEGAEI. Intelligence Information Special Report SUBJECT Page 3 of 28 Pages DATE 7 October 1986 Combat Regulations of the Navy: Chapter 4: The Combat Activity of the Division, Brigade, and Regiment Documentary Summary: The following report is a translation from Russian of the fourth chapter of the SECRET 1983 edition of the USSR Ministry of Defense's combat regulations for the Soviet Navy. This chapter covers general operational doctrine for the accomplishment of naval combat missions by Soviet submarine, surface ship, naval aviation, nayitl_k_aniftryr,-and wastal_MI4Alle=attilASEXADits at the division, brigade, and regimental level. It provides an overview of the commander's decisionmaking process and general guidelines on operating doctrine in the following areas: deployment, protection, and support of SSBNs; deployment and weapons employment of general-purpose submarines; employment of surface ships in strike and amphibious forces; the process of landing amphibious forces; and the positioning of coastal missile-artillery forces. End of Summar TOP ET TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 TOPIEGREL Page 4 of 28 Pages USSR MINISTRY OF DEFENSE Copy No. COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE NAVY FOR DIVISION, BRIGADE, REGIMENT, AND SHIP Put Into Effect on 26 January 1983 as Per Order No. 039 ' of the USSR Minister of Defense MOSCOW MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE 1983 TS #868370 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 IttrericaEL. Page 5 of 28 Pages TABLE OF CONTENTS* CHAPTER 1: THE NAVY AND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ITS COMBAT EMPLOYMENT IN OPERATIONS The Nature of Modern Wars and the Navy's Mission The Combat Employment of the Forces of the Navy and the Fundamentals of Naval Combat Combat Duty CHAPTER 2: CONTROL OF FORCES General Provisions Control Posts The Organization of the Monitoring of the Situation The Organization of Communications The Employment of Automated Control Systems The Fundamentals of Command and Staff Work in the Control of Forces CHAPTER 3: POLITICAL WORK CHAPTER 4: ? THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENT. . 7 Submarine Division (Brigade) 7 Surface Ship Division (Brigade) 13 Naval Aviation Division (Regiment) 19 Naval Infantry Division (Regiment) 22 Coastal Missile-Artillery Troop Division (Brigade, Regiment) 25 CHAPTER 5: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE SHIP The Preparation of the Ship for Combat Actions The Ship's Levels of Combat Readiness The Ship in Sea Transit The Organization of the Ship's Defense and Protection The Ship in Combat CHAPTER 6: COMBAT ACTIONS TO HIT ENEMY LAND TARGETS AND TROOPS CHAPTER 7: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SUBMARINES Comment: Although Chapters 1-3 and 5-12 are not included in this document, their titles and subsection titles have been provided for information purposes. TOP4ErcitLf TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Page 6 of 28 Pages CHAPTER 8: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SURFACE SHIPS CHAPTER 9: JOINT COMBAT ACTIONS OF NAVAL LARGE UNITS AND THE LARGE UNITS AND UNITS FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES Combat Actions in Debarking Amphibious Landing Forces The Cooperation of Troops Attacking along Coastal Axes The Cooperation of Troops Defending Coastal Axes CHAPTER 10: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DEFEND BASING AREAS AND SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION The Defense of Basing Areas The Defense of Sea Lines of Communication The Fundamentals of Convoy Duty CHAPTER 11: THE BASING AND REBASING (REDEPLOYMENT) OF LARGE UNITS AND UNITS Basing Rebasing (Redeployment) CHAPTER 12: THE SUPPORT OF COMBAT ACTIONS Combat Support Special Technical Support Rear Services Support TS #868370 Copy # TOPSECRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 .-11110-55CIE_ Page 7 of 28 Pages CHAPTER 4: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENT Submarine Division (Brigade) 153. A submarine division (briga4e) carries out tasks by conducting combat actions, as a rule, in the operations (combat actions) of formations [obnyedineniya] or in naval operations on a single axis to perform one or several tactical tasks independently and in cooperation with large units [soyedineniya] and units [chasti] of other types of forces of the Navy and other branches of the armed forces. The combat activity of a division [diviziya] (brigade) includes preparation for combat actions, deployment, fulfillment of the assigned combat task, redeployment to perform other tasks or to return to basing points, and restoration of combat capability [boyesposobnost.]. 154. A submarine division (brigade) is assigned its combat task by the fleet commander in chief (the flotilla commander in chief, the squadron commander) for the period allotted fREINg11111114_28m_immICALtalag in the fleet operation (the initial operations of a flotilla or squadron), usually for a six- to seven-day period and occasionally longer. As a rule, the division is assigned an overall task that specifies readiness for further actions. A brigade included in the composition of a division is assigned its combat task by the division commander for the entire period allotted for fulfilling the task assigned to the division. As a rule, the brigade is assigned one overall task that specifies readiness for further actions in a number of situations. When tasks are assigned to a division (brigade), its combat action area or zone is designated, as is the combat action area [rayon boyevykh deystviy] for a brigade. The dimensions and location of the area (zone) are determined in regard to the composition, combat capabilities [boyevyye vozmozhnosti], and mission of the division (brigade) and the submarines included in its composition. 155. The preparation of a division (brigade) for combat actions consists of making a decision, assigning tasks to subordinate forces, planning combat actions, organizing cooperation, preparing submarine commanders and personnel and their weapons and technical equipment for the performance of assigned tasks, organizing and carrying out political work, organizing all types of support, organizing control, monitoring the readiness of forces for combat actions, and conducting other necessary measures dictated by the conditions under which the combat task is to be carried out. TS #868370 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 ItP-96C8Z Page 8 of 28 Pages Prior to receiving its combat tasks, a division (brigade) undergoes advance preparation for combat actions. Upon receipt of the combat task, direct preparation begins. It must be conducted within the prescribed time periods, and concealment measures must be observed. 156. Upon receipt of the combat task, the division (brigade) commander makes his decision on the basis of his sizing up of the task received, an assessment of the situation, and the calculations made by his staff. The decision includes a definition of the concept of the combat actions, the combat tasks for brigades and submarines, the fundamental (main) points of cooperation and support, the principles for organizing control, and the time required to achieve readiness. In the concept of the combat actions, the division (brigade) commander specifies the boundaries of the combat action area and determines the following: the main target (objective) of the strike, the areas, targets, and objectives of supporting actions, the procedures for actions and methods for hitting the enemy, and the procedures for deployment, for the forming of the combat formation, and also for the disposition of reserves of submarines; in a large unit of strategic missile submarines (raketnyye podvodnyye lodki strategicheskogo naznacheniya] he determines the combat patrol areas (rayonv boyevogo patrulirovaniya) and the combat action areas, the procedures for occupying them, the measures to ensure combat stability and the performance of combat tasks, and the organization of support and control. In the decision, special attention is submarines, to organizing combat support, surveillance for them, and to designating measures for the entire period the combat devoted to concealing the actions of recognition [opoznavaniye], and communications programs and safety actions are conducted. 157. Based on the decision which has been made, the division (brigade) staff plans the combat actions and develops the following: the plan for the combat actions of the division (brigade); the combat order and combat instructions to submarines; instructions on communications, covert control [skrytoye upravleniye], reconnaissance, radioelectronic warfare, the use of radioelectronic means, support for navigation safety, and on the combat use of technical means for marine navigation; the schedule plan for cooperation; the plan for political work; and other documents. 158. The division (brigade) commander assigns combat tasks to submarines by means of a combat order or combat instructions. When assigning tasks the following are specified: the combat action (combat patrol) areas, the means of destruction (sredstva porazheniya], the targets (objectives) of actions, alternate targets (objectives) and procedures for actions against them (for (?against] multipurpose submarines and also strategic submarines that have launched their missiles), the routes for transiting to the area of combat TS #868370 Copy # f1P.6 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 --RIPlECUL Page 9 of 28 Pages actions and the submergence depths while in transit, the alternate routes and routes for returning to basing points, the procedures for overcoming the counteractions of the enemy's ASW forces, actions in the event of accidents or damage, the procedures for cooperating with units from other branches of the armed forces, the organization of support and control, and the time to be ready to put to sea and occupy the area of combat actions. Tasks may be assigned for the entire period that the division (brigade) is to carry out tasks, and occasionally even for the total endurance time (polnaya avtonomnostq of a submarine. When tasks are assigned, the following documents are issued to submarines in addition to combat instructions: the plan for transiting to the area of combat actions, instructions on communications and on the use of the radioelectronic means and space systems for navigation and communications of the Navy, the schedule plan for cooperation with other naval forces or an excerpt Dypiska] from it (in accordance with special instructions), reconnaissance instructions, and a map of the reconnaissance situation. 159. A submarine division (brigade) deploys to its assigned area of combat actions from main basing points, from dispersed basing points, and from combat service* areas. When submarines deploy from main basing points, the sequence, time, and procedures for their departure are established by the division (brigade) commander. Submarines may put to sea from their main basing points independently or with the support of other forces (or with an escort). ; When submarines deploy from dispersed basing points, the division (brigade) commander determines the time and route for each submarine to put to sea. As a rule, the deployment of a division's (brigade's) submarines from combat service areas is carried out while simultaneously forming them into a combat formation. The time for beginning the deployment and combat formation of a division (brigade) is determined by its composition, location, and assigned combat task, and also by the direction of movement and actions of the enemy. 160. The deployment of a division's (brigade's) submarines is carried out, as a rule, by groups of submarines or individual submarines along assigned routes. Submarines are deployed on a broad or narrow front and, as a rule, in an echeloned manner, depending on the military-geographic situation in the area, * Translator's note: The term "combat service" rbovevava sluzhba] was previously translated as "combat duty." See PP. 34-39. TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 IttrscaEL Page 10 of 28 Pages the anticipated opposition by enemy ASW forces, and the capabilities for support. The fastest and most quiet submarines are deployed in the first echelon. The width of each submarine's route must ensure concealed deployment, the high combat stability of the submarines, the capability for each submarine to employ weapons upon unexpected contact with the enemy, mutual safety for maneuver and employment of weapons, and also rapid re-forming into combat formation. Between adjacent routes dividing zones are established, the width of which must preclude the detection of submarines by each other and must be no less t the sum of twice the maximum error in the submarines' ability to ascertain thei own positions and the range at which they can detect each other using their sonar equipment. The relative disposition of the submarines on their routes for deployment to the combat action area constitutes the cruising formation of a submarine division (brigade). The division (brigade) commander must establish procedures for the movement of submarines in sea transit, ensure that their movement adheres to the assigned cruising formation, and that they can be re-formed into another cruising formation in case of a change in the situation and enemy counteraction, and make provision For detaching forces and meansand for carrying out measures to ensure the combat stability of the submarines and their mutual safety and concealment of actions. 161. Upon reaching combat action areas (patrol areas or routes), the division's (brigade's) submarines form up into a combat formation, perform combat patrol, or conduct search and reconnaissance activities in support of the accomplishment of the assigned combat task. In general, the combat formation of a submarine division (brigade) includes the following: reconnaissance-strike groups, strike groups, and individual submarines tasked to destroy the main forces and other targets of the enemy; an groups and individual submarines to support combat actions (perform reconnaissance, tracking, target designation, and other tasks) and develop success. A three-submarine group can be formed up into the following formations: wedge, inverted wedge, quarter line of bearing, or line abeam. A two-submarine group can form up into line abeam or quarter line of bearing. The combat formation of a submarine division (brigade) must ensure a high probability of spotting and detecting the enemy, the delivery of a strike TS #868310 Copy # ;2? TISPIE Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 ;Orli ECItLI Page 11 of 28 Pages against him by the maximum number of submarines, freedom of maneuver and mutual safety of submarines when employing weapons, including nuclear weapons, and also reliability and continuity of control. Forming up into a combat formation must be completed so as to ensure timely vectoring toward and detection of the enemy by the submarines, target designation, and maneuver by them to employ their weapons. In order to perform its assigned tasks, each submarine of a division (brigade) is assigned fixed or moving combat action areas (sectors), combat patrol areas (routes), and search areas (swaths [polosy]). In order to form the division's (brigade's) submarines into a combat formation the large-unit commander specifies: the coordinates of the center of the combat formation, the beginning time, the general bearing, the duration of movement along one sweep [Ell], and the speed of movement; the composition and number of the group and the structure of the combat formation; the tactical number of the submarine (the number of the moving area) in the combat formation, the starting time and course of each submarine to the designated initial area of the combat formation, the nature of the maneuvering in the area, and the organization of communications. For convenience in controlling the division's (brigade's) submarines, they are numbered according to their position in the initial combat formation. The selection of the variants of the disposition and maneuvering and their elements is determined by the task being performed and the conditions under which it is carried out. 162. To employ its weapons, each submarine maneuvers independently within the boundaries of its designated area (route, swath, sector) while observing safety measures. The division's (brigade's) submarines heir weapons upon receipt of an order (specifying either r immediately upon detection of the enemy. The procedures ng a types of weapons are specified to the commander of each submarine in the combat order (combat instructions). Missile, torpedo, and antisubmarine weapons must always be in readiness at sea for combat employment. After delivering the initial strikes (carrying out the initial attacks) submarines rapidly occupy positions that ensure further effective employment of weapons and deliver follow-up strikes (carry out follow- up attacks) until the assigned combat task is performed. After performing tasks, the division (brigade), groups, and individual submarines continue to maneuver in the designated combat action areas (routes, swaths, sectors) until they receive orders either to redeploy to other areas (routes, swaths, sectors) to perform subsequent tasks or to return to their TS #888370 Copy # "IalrIECR4L. Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 -TOPS6Cafil. Page 12 of 28 Pages basing points. Cooperation between the division's (brigade's) submarines is achieved by distributing tasks between submarine groups and between submarines within the groups, coordinating the areas (routes, swaths, sectors) of combat actions, designating positions in combat formations, determining the procedures and time for delivering strikes and carrying out attacks by submarines, surface ships, and aircraft employing nuclear and conventional weapons, performing timely combat support for joint actions, and organizing reliable and effective control. 163. The return of a division's (brigade's) submarines to their basing points is carried out in accordance with procedures specified before they put to sea to perform their assigned task. The procedures for returning are updated in accordance with the developing situation, taking into account the level of damage to the system for the basing and repair of submarines. When submarines are returning, the division (brigade) commander must ensure their safety with regard to the actions of the enemy's ASW forces. The return of damaged submarines is organized along separate routes, if possible to the nearest basing point, and, as a rule, with the support of specially detailed forces. The restoration of the combat capability of a submarine division (brigade) includes making the necessary repairs to submarine weapons and technical equipment, replacing losses in personnel and combat equipment, loading weapons on board, replenishing stores, providing personnel with R&R and bringing their numbers up to full strength, and conducting measures for combat and political training directed toward the accomplishment of impending tasks. 164. The commander of a submarine division (brigade) exercises control from a stationary (shore-based) command post (KP) or from a control ship (control submarine, surface ship, or tender), using the control systems of a flotilla or squadron (or a fleet). A control submarine maneuvers, as a rule, independently outside of the cruising or combat formation of the large unit. The commander of a submarine group exercises control over his submarines from a submarine within the group's cruising or combat formation, using radio and hydroacoustic communications. The transfer of the control of a submarine to another command authority is carried out according to a signal, a specified line (geographic location), or the time specified in the combat instructions. If the submarines of a large unit deploy according to the plan of a fleet (flotilla, squadron), the division (brigade) commander must be ready to assume control over these submarines upon receipt of an order. TS 1868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 TZMTSLIeREL. Page 13 of 28 Pages Surface Ship Division (Brigade) 165. A surface ship division (brigade) carries out tasks of conducting combat actions, as a rule, in the operations (combat actions) of formations [ob"yedineniya] or in naval operations on a single axis to perform one or several tactical tasks independently and in cooperation with large units and units of other types of forces of the Navy and other branches of the Armed Forces. The combat activity of a division (brigade) includes preparation for combat actions, deployment, performance of the assigned combat task, disengagement from battle with subsequent redeployment to perform other tasks or to return to basing points, and restoration of combat capability. 166. A surface ship division (brigade) is assigned its combat task by the fleet commander in chief (the flotilla commander in chief, squadron commander) for the period allotted for performance of the immediate task in the fleet operation (the initial frotilla or squadron operations), usually over a period of six to seven days. In addition, a specific combat task may be assigned for each naval battle. Usually a division (brigade) is assigned an overall task that specifies readiness for further actions. In certain cases a division's overall task may be divided into an immediate task and a subsequent task. A brigade (divizion*) included in the composition of a division is assigned Its combat task by the division commander for the entire period allotted for performance of the task assigned to the division. As a rule, the brigade is assigned one overall task that specifies readiness for further actions in a variety of situations. When tasks are assigned to a division, [its combat action] area or zone is designated, as is the combat action area for a brigade (divizion). The * Translator's note: In previous chapters the Russian term diviziya has been translated as "division," while the Russian term divizion (plural form: diviziony) has been left in its transliterated form. A diviziya is a tactical large unit made up of large Soviet combatants such as Kiev-type aircraft carriers, cruisers, nuclear submarines, etc., which the Soviets refer to as "ships of the first rank." A divizion is a tactical large unit made up of smaller-size combatants such as destroyers, diesel submarines, escort ships, minesweepers, torpedo boats, etc., these being classified as "ships of the second, third, or fourth rank," depending on their size. TS #868370 Copy # ""YDP4r: Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 --torsicau, Page 14 of 28 Pages dimensions and location of the area are determined in regard to the composition, combat capabilities, and mission of the division (brigade) and the surface ships included in its composition. 167. The preparation of a division (brigade) for combat actions consists of making a decision, assigning tasks to subordinate forces, planning combat actions, organizing cooperation, preparing ship commanders and personnel and their weapons and technical equipment for the performance of assigned tasks, organizing and carrying out political work, organizing all types of support, organizing control, monitoring forces' readiness for combat actions, and conducting other necessary measures dictated by the conditions under which the combat task is to be carried out. Prior to receiving its combat task, a division (brigade) undergoes advance preparation for combat actions. Upon receipt of the combat task, direct preparation for combat actions begins. It must be conducted within the prescribed time periods, and concealment measures must be observed. A special feature of the preparation of a large unit of landing ships is that it is conducted jointly with large units and units of naval infantry and ground forces. loa. Upon receipt of the combat task, the division (brigade) commander makes his decision on the basis of his sizing up of the task received, an assessment of the situation, and the calculations made by his staff. The decision includes a definition of the concept of the combat actions, the combat tasks for the large unit's ships and for attached and supporting forces, the main points of cooperation and support, the principles for organizing control, and the time required to achieve readiness. In the concept for combat actions the division (brigade) commander defines the combat action area, the main target (objective) of the strike (search), the areas, targets, and objectives of supporting actions, the procedures for actions, the methods of hitting the enemy, the procedures for nuclear and fire destruction, and the procedures for forming cruising and combat formations and deploying reserves of forces and means. In the decision, special attention is devoted to organizing all types of defense to increase surface ship combat stability, ensuring concealment, and organizing cooperation. Based on the decision which has been made, the division (brigade) staff plans the combat actions and develops the plan of combat actions, the combat order and combat instructions for the large unit's ships and for the attached and supporting forces, the plans for air defense (PV0) and radioelectronic warfare (REB), the instructions on reconnaissance, communications, TS #868370 Copy # CRL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 ?TOP-MGM?. Page 15 of 28 Pages radioelectronic warfare (REB), cover and deception [maskirovka], covert control, and on the use of radioelectronic means, the schedule plan for cooperation, the plan for political work, and other documents. 169. The division commander assigns combat tasks to brigades and diviziony (or groups) and to attached and supporting forces by means of a combat order or combat instructions. Accordingly, the following are specified: the tactical tasks, targets, and objectives of the actions, the combat action area, the attached and supporting units and ships, the positions within the division's cruising and combat formations and the procedures for occupying them, the expenditure [raskhod] of nuclear munitions (missiles), the procedures for employing weapons, the organization of the disengagement from battle and rendezvous of the large unit, the principles (main issues) of support, the organization of cooperation and control, and readiness for further actions. The brigade (divizion, group) commander assigns combat tasks to ships, as a rule, in the form of combat instructions. When assigning tasks, the following are specified: the combat action areas, the targets (objectives, areas) of actions and the means of destruction, the alternate targets (objectives, areas) and the procedures for operating against them, the routes for transiting to the combat action area, the measures to increase the combat stability of ships in transit, the actions in the event of accidents or damage, the organization of cooperation, support, and control, and the time needed to be ready to put to sea and to reach the combat action area. As a rule, tasks are assigned for a naval battle, but occasionally they are assigned for the entire period allotted for the performance of tasks assigned to the division (brigade). In addition to combat instructions, the division (brigade) staff issues instructions to ships on combat support, communications, and covert control, the schedule plan for cooperation, and other documents. 170. The commander of a surface ship division (brigade) exercises control over the ships of his large unit and the attached and supporting forces from his command post (KP) located on a ship equipped with radio and hydroacoustic communications means, with terminal equipment [okonechnyye ustroystva] for naval space reconnaissance and for naval reconnaissance and target designation systems, and with automated control systems (automated control means) or from a fixed (shore-based) command post. The commander of a group of surface ships exercises control over the ships of the group from his command post (KP) located on one of the ships in the group. 171. The deployment of a surface ship large unit must be concealed from the TS #868370 Copy # TOP5CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 .10.11; !OREL Page 16 of 28 Pages enemy, with regard for the large unit's timely arrival in the area where the combat task is to be performed and for the maximum retention of its combat capability. Timeliness and concealment of deployment are ensured by designating the time for putting to sea, selecting appropriate routes and speeds for transit, and carrying out a complete set of tactical reconnaissance, deception, and radioelectronic warfare measures. As a rule, a surface ship large unit deploys in cruising formation. The cruising formation of a large unit of ships must ensure timely detection of the enemy, concealed transit to the combat action area, confusion [dezoriyentirovaniye] of the enemy regarding the composition, disposition, and nature of the large unit's actions, reliability of control, and the capability to rapidly organize effective echeloned defense in the outer and inner (air defense] zones and in the self-defense zone upon identification of the direction of an enemy threat. The main requirement for forming the cruising formation is the establishment of an all-round (universals:lays.] defense syStem. ? The composition of the main forces of the cruising formation includes ship strike groups, search-strike (poiskovo-udarnyye] groups,* and landing detachments (detachments of transports, detachments of convoy vessels). The composition of the supporting forces may include aviation and ship tactical reconnaissance and target-designation groups, radar picket ships, radioelectronic warfare ships, and advance strike (search-strike) groups of type or mixed composition, which are the basis of long-range protection on the threat axis (the general direction of the cruising formation's movement); the supporting forces may also include submarines and forces providing air cover. The starting time and procedures for the deployment of a surface ship large unit is determined on the basis of an assessment of the actual situation in the area and the assigned combat task. When organizing deployment, the commander of a surface ship large unit uses fleet (flotilla, squadron) intelligence data. Whether or not these data are available, reconnaissance of and search for the enemy are organized using the large unit's forces and means. 172. The deployment of a surface ship large unit in anticipation of a * Translator's note: "Search-strike group" is often translated as "hunter- killer group." TS #868370 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 TarSEGUIL Page 17 of 28 Pages battle develops into a tactical deployment for forming into combat formation. The combat formation of a surface ship large unit must ensure reliable performance of the assigned combat task, stable cooperation between strike and support groups, and ease and reliability of control. It consists of one or several strike (search-strike) groups and of support groups (individual ships, aircraft, and helicopters). Ship strike groups are formed to operate against enemy aircraft carriers, surface ship detachments, landing detachments, and convoys and also to perform tasks in cooperation with front troops. The composition of ship strike groups includes air-capable ships, missile cruisers, missile and gunnery ships, guided-missile patrol boats, torpedo boats, control and radioelectronic warfare ships, and special air defense (PVO) ships. 173. Ship strike groups operate in orders Cy orderakh], which are selected on the basis of the combat task to be performed, or in formations iv stroyakh] (line ahead, quarter line of bearing, line abeam, echelon line of bearing, wedge, trapezoid, rhombus), which are designated with regard for the most effective use of weapons and radioelectronic warfare means, the defense and protection of our ships, the safety of maneuver, and the reliability of control. The combat formation is formed by maneuvering forces so that strike and support groups will occupy their assigned positions on time. Group maneuvers must be mutually coordinated and ensure effective employment of weapons by strike groups against the designated targets and objectives of the strike. Ship search-strike groups are composed of ASW ships to seek out, destroy [unichtozheniye], and pursue [presledovaniye]* enemy submarines. They seek out, destroy, and hold down submarines independently, within large units of type composition, or within groupings of mixed ASW forces. Ship and aviation minesweeping groups composed of minesweepers and mine- countermeasures helicopters are formed for mine warfare. All the ships of a large unit having minelaying gear must be ready to lay minefields. 174. Strikes are delivered upon receipt of an order [specifying either] at a designated time or immediately after strike groups reach their firing positions. In general, the delivery of a strike includes issuing (and receiving) target designation, making preparations, coordinating missile salvos, launching missiles and allocating them against targets, determining the results * Translator's note: Equates to the US concept of "hold down." T ET TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 "rarSICKZ Page 18 of 28 Pages of the strike, and ceasing or shifting fire. 175. In general, a battle by a surface ship large unit includes four stages: seeking out and closing on the enemy and deploying tactically to form up into combat formation; delivering the main strike using the main forces; developing success; and terminating the battle, disengaging, and redeploying forces to perform subsequent tasks. In the first stage the enemy is sought out; his reconnaissance forces and his advance ship strike groups, submarines, and aircraft are destroyed; his combat (cruising) formations and the location of the main target are identified; the enemy is closed upon, and the forming up into combat formation (or a tactical redeployment) takes place; and the large unit makes preparations for the delivery of strikes and attacks against the enemy. Supporting forces deployed on the enemy's route of movement deliver preliminary strikes against him and report to the large-unit commander over the tactical cooperation network or through a shore-based communications center (or the command post (KP) of the fleet, flotilla, or squadron). In the second stage the main strike is carried out to hit the enemy and create favorable conditions for follow-up strikes and actions by forces. In the third stage the success achieved is developed, as a rule, by using the short-range weapons of the large unit's forces to destroy (defeat) the enemy. In the fourth stage the large unit's forces disengage from battle, rendezvous, and form up into combat (cruising) formation to perform subsequent tasks. In this period damaged ships are given assistance and downed aircraft and helicopter crews are rescued. After the ships disengage from battle, their combat capability is restored and they are brought into readiness to perform subsequent tasks. Complete restoration of the combat capability of ships is done upon return to base and consists of replenishment of munitions and other types of materiel, repair of ships, and replacement of casualties. 176. When organizing cooperation, the commander of a surface ship division (brigade) allocates targets (objectives, areas) among the large unit's groups and ships and its attached and supporting forces; specifies the sequence for strike delivery (actions); takes steps to preclude mutual interference, defines the areas (lines), time, and directions (sectors) of the strikes, the methods for target designation and mutual vectoring against the enemy, and information on the position and actions of our own and enemy forces; allocates radioelectronic warfare (REB) forces and means against targets (objectives, areas) and organizes control over them; and makes provision for safety measures TS 068370 Copy # P?:# FE< Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 70:51,116REZ. Page 19 of 28 Pages to preclude damage to our own forces. When delivering strikes, cooperation is organized in support of the groups operating against the main targets (objectives, areas). Naval Aviation Division (Regiment) 177. A naval aviation division (regiment) performs combat tasks by conducting combat actions, as a rule, in the operations (combat actions) of formations [ob"yedineniya], in naval operations, and in combat actions of ship large units on one axis to perform one or several tactical tasks independently, within the composition of fleet air forces, and in cooperation with large units and units from other types of forces of the Navy and other branches of the Armed Forces. The combat activity of a naval aviation division (regiment) includes preparation for a combat sortie, takeoff, and forming up into combat formation; performance of a combat sortie; delivery of a strike (performance of a combat task); and departure from the area of combat actions, the return of the aircraft with subsequent preparation for follow-up sorties, and restoration of combat capability. 178. A naval aviation division (regiment) is assigned its combat task by the commander in chief of fleet air forces. A regiment included in the composition of a division is assigned its combat task by the division commander. Depending on their nature and the situation, combat tasks are assigned to large units of naval aviation for one sortie, a day, or, in certain eases, for the [entire] period [allotted for performance of the division's assigned task]; to units of naval missile-carrying, attack, and fighter aviation for one sortie; and to units of reconnaissance and ASW aviation for one sortie or, in certain cases, for a day or the [entire] period. 179. The preparation of an aviation division (regiment) for combat actions (a combat sortie) consists of making a decision, assigning tasks to subordinate forces, planning combat actions, organizing cooperation, preparing personnel, aviation equipment, and weapons for the performance of assigned tasks, organizing and carrying out political work, organizing all types of support, organizing control, monitoring the readiness of forces for combat actions, and conducting other necessary measures dictated by the conditions under which the combat task is to be performed. Advance_preparation is conducted constantly prior to receiving the combat task. mmedi . ? ti d from the InAtpat_a_specifte_gembat task is recalltd until aircraft take off to carry it out. TS #868370 Copy # RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 "lorscag_ Page 20 of 28 Pages 180. Upon receipt of the combat task, the division (regimental) commander makes a decision based on his sizing up of the task received, an assessment of the situation, and the calculations made by the staff. The decision includes a determination of the concept of the combat actions (combat sortie), the combat tasks for units (subunits), matters of cooperation and support, the principles for organizing control, and the time required to achieve readiness. In the concept [of the combat actions] the division (regimental) commander specifies the combat action area, the main target (objective, area) of the strike (actions), the areas, targets, and objectives of supporting actions, the time and procedures for takeoff, rendezvous, and forming of the combat formation, the performance of a combat flight, the procedures for nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy, and the procedures for returning and landing. In the decision, special attention is devoted to the concealment of actions, reliability in the detection of the target (objective), and combat support for strike groups. Based on the decision which has been made, the division (regimental) staff plans the combat actions and develops the following: the combat order and combat instructions, the instructions on navigation, radiotechnical support, and communications, the instructions on radioelectronic warfare (REB) and covert control, the schedule plan for cooperation, the plan for protection against weapons of mass destruction, and other documents. 181. The regimental commander assigns a combat task to aircraft subunits (crews) by means of an oral combat order (instructions). In certain cases the combat task may be assigned to subunit commanders (crews) by radio after takeoff. All combat orders and instructions issued orally must be entered in the division (regimental) combat action log. 182. The division (regimental) commander exercises control over subordinate, attached, and supporting forces from a stationary command post (KP), a ship, or an aircraft located within the combat formation of the large unit (unit). Group commanders exercise control over subordinate forces directly from within combat formations. When organizing cooperation the division (regimental) commander must define the following: the targets (objectives), areas, altitudes, and the reconnaissance and search means to be employed and the weapons and times for strikes (actions) by individual groups (subunits, units); the specific targets TS #868370 Copy #2? Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 -101048C8a.... Page 21 of 28 Pages (objectives) and the time and procedures for employing nuclear and conventional weapons; the order of actions by units (groups) and subunits in time -- from the moment when the signal for going to combat readiness is received to landing after a strike (carrying out tasks); the mutual disposition of groups and aircraft carrying nuclear weapons in the combat formation; the routes and flight profile of units and subunits; the dividing zones between action areas; the procedures for control and communications and the signals for control, mutual identification (IFF] and warning; and the procedures for airfield employment, (radio] eallups (vyzovy), target designation, and vectoring. The aircraft of ASW, naval missile-carrying and reconnaissance aviation* are controlled via radio at shortwave and ultrashortwave frequencies [na korotkikh i ulitrakorotkikh volnakh], while attack and fighter aviation are controlled via radio at ultrashortwave frequencies. When performing combat tasks in distant areas of the ocean, control is exercised centrally over the long-range operational aviation communications system of the Navy and of the fleet air forces. 183. A combat sortie (flight) is carried out to accomplish a combat task. Combat service flights are also regarded as combat sorties (flights). Various tactical ploys [priyemy] are employed in a combat sortie (flight); A tactical ploy is an action by the crew (subunit, unit) in the air directed at the surprise and complete utilization of the combat capabilities of aviation equipment, weapons, and the conditions of the situation to successfully perform the combat task and preclude losses from enemy activity. 184. For the period of combat actions a naval aviation division (regiment) is designated a flight resource which is defined in terms of division (regimental) or aircraft sorties and is established in accordance with the tasks, conditions, and duration of combat actions. The sortie rate [boyevoye napryazheniye] of a division (regiment) is defined as the number of sorties per aircraft per day and is set by the senior officer. 185. A combat sortie is performed in combat formations. The combat formation of units and subunits of naval missile-carrying and attack aviation includes strike groups and support groups. * Translator's note: Appears in Russian as "ASW naval missile-carrying and reconnaissance aviation," with no commas. TS 1868370 Copy # 1.:Thr"AWL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 11:161l.Q Page 22 of 28 Pages (Six pages of original document not received.] Naval Infantry Division (Regiment) [Two pages of original document not received.] (...) with means; defeating the main enemy grouping before his reserves arrive; and splitting up an opposing enemy grouping and then encircling and destroying it in detail. A 197. Based on the decision made by the commander and in conformity with his instructions, the staff, together with the chiefs of branch arms and services - and the deputy commanders for armament and the rear services, plans the battle. In addition to the commander's decision the following documents are developed: --in a division (brigade)-- the combat order (combat instructions), the order (instructions) on technical support, and the order (instructions) on rear services; combat instructions on the employment of branch arms and special troops; instructions on the types of combat support; instructions on communications and covert control of forces; the plan of combat actions for carrying out (combat] tasks on shore; the plan for embarkation onto amphibious. transports; the plan for the integrated fire destruction of the enemy; the , schedule plan for cooperation; the combat action plans for the participation in battle of units (subunits) of the branches of the Armed Forces and branch arms; the plans for the support of combat actions (plans for topographic-geodetic and hydrometeorological support, cover and deception [maskirovka], and protection are developed when necessary); the plans for communications, provost and traffic control service, political work, and the organization of control; and other documents; TS #868370 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 --fOrsicur Page 23 of 28 Pages -- lila regiment-- the combat order, the order on technical support, and the order on rear services; the combat action plan for carrying out tasks on shore and the plan for embarkation onto amphibious transports; the schedule plan for cooperation; the plans for air defense, reconnaissance, and communications and for engineer, chemical, technical, and rear services support (developed on operational maps); the plans for provost and traffic control service and political work; and other documents. 198. The preparation of a division (brigade, regiment) for landing in an amphibious landing is carried out, as a rule, in the departure area [iskhodnyy rayon]. A division (brigade, regiment) is assigned main and alternate departure areas which include main and alternate staging areas, waiting areas, main and alternate landing points, and advancement routes. 199. The landing of an amphibious landing force includes: staging; embarking and loading the landing force on ships; the sea transit of the landing force; amphibious assault [boy ma vysadku]; and combat actions by the landing force to carry out its assigned tasks. At the staging and waiting areas and in the departure area the disposition of a division (brigade, regiment) is done on the spot. A division (brigade, regiment) is disposed in a dispersed manner, taking into account the grouping for the impending actions and rapid deployment. Units (subunits) are usually positioned along the routes of movement and to the side of them at distances and intervals that preclude the simultaneous destruction of adjacent battalions by a single medium-yield nuclear warhead. The size of the staging area can be up to 900 km2 for a division, 300 k for a brigade, 100 km2 for a regiment, and 10 km2 for a battalion. As a rule, the embarkation and loading of landing forces onto amphibious transports is done in a concealed manner: a division embarks at eight to 12 points and a brigade (regiment) at three or four points. An embarkation point [punkt posadki] must ensure that a group of landing ships can approach the shore for the simultaneous embarkation of all the subunits of a battalion; that the approach of the subunits is covert; and that all the vehicles of a battalion and its reinforcement means can board the ships under their own power. The embarkation point may be up to two kilometers (km in frontage. As a rule, the embarkation points are equipped in advance by the forces a means of the senior officer in charge and this includes: trail blazing; setting up ramps and preparing equipment to facilitate getting the vehicles on board the ships under their own power; setting up navigation aids; clearing the bottom in TS #868370 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Page 24 of 28 Pages areas Where landing ships approach the shore and digging trenches and other shelters for personnel and equipment; setting up the control post of the embarkation officer (komendant punkta posadki] and organizing all types of defense and protection; and carrying out measures for cover and deception (maskirovka] and radioelectronic warfare. During sea transit the units (subunits) of a division (brigade, regiment) take measures to ensure the combat readiness and integrity of weapons, equipment, and supplies. Naval infantry personnel take part in damage control aboard amphibious landing transports. A portion of the surface-to-air means of a naval infantry division (brigade, regiment) is used to reinforce the air defense of the landing ships and auxiliaries. A division is landed, as a rule, in one area with a frontage of up to 30 km wide, and sometimes wider. The area for landing a landing force of division strength usually includes several regimental landing sectors six to 10 km wide, while each regimental sector includes several battalion landing points each up to two km wide. A brigade is landed, as a rule, in one landing sector with a frontage of up to 10 km wide and sometimes wider. A brigade's landing sector includes several battalion landing points each up to two km wide. 200. As a rule, the combat task of a division (brigade, regiment) is divided into an immediate task and a subsequent task. The immediate task consists of defeating units (subunits) in the first echelon of the enemy's antilanding defense, seizing sectors of the coast, and establishing a beachhead on shore to ensure continuation of the offensive. The subsequent task usually consists of developing the offensive, defeating enemy reserves, and seizing and holding areas (lines) to ensure the accomplishment of the goals of the amphibious landing. The overall depth pt a division's combat task may extend out to 50 km, a brigade's -- out to 40 km, and a regiment's -- out to 30 km. 201. When defending a seacoast or islands, a division (brigade, regiment) may defend itself in cooperation with large units and units of the Ground Forces or with other types of forces of the Navy. A defense zone up to 100 km wide is assigned to a division, a defense sector having frontage of up to 50 km wide is assigned to a brigade, and a defense sector up to 30 km wide is assigned to a regiment. The defense zone may include several sectors suitable for landing enemy amphibious landing forces. When defending islands, a division (brigade, regiment) may defend one or several islands, part of a large island, or one or several important installations. TS #868370 Copy I Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 TZPIEGRe. Page 25 of 28 Pages 202. Restoring the combat capability of a division (brigade, regiment) consists of bringing forces and means to the point where they can carry out a previous or a new combat task. It includes restoring disrupted control and replacing losses in personnel and combat equipment; conducting organizational measures; maneuvering forces and reserves of materiel and technical means; and withdrawing units (subunits) of the division (brigade, regiment) out of areas of destruction. As a rule, measures to restore the combat effectiveness of a division (brigade, regiment) are implemented after the combat task is carried out. 203. The movement of a division (brigade, regiment) is carried out by marching, by rail, air, or water transport, or by a combination of methods. Regardless of what method of movement is used, a division (brigade, regiment) must reach the designated area on time and in complete readiness to perform its combat task. A division (brigade, regiment) carries out a march in march formation. To carry out a march, a division is assigned routes or a zone [polosa] of movement. A brigade (regiment) usually carries out a march along one or two routes. The march formation of a division (brigade, regiment) consists of columns of units (subunits). As a rule, marches are carried out at n .s. der othe gonditl9ns of lim e v s 41 I.:. The distance covered in one 24-hour period and thespiwar movement depend on the tasks, the mechanical condition of the vehicles, the weather, the condition of the routes, the time of year and the time of day, and also the organization of support for the march. The distance covered in one 24-hour d b mixed columns ma h as 300 km and a motor vehicle column may cover up o 'If km per 24-hour period at average speedsr of 25-30 km/hr for a mixed column and of 30-40 km/hr or more for a motor vehicle column. In mountain, tundra, and swampy wooded terrain and in heavy snow cover the average speed of movement, depending on the conditions, may be reduced to 20 km/hr and the distance covered in a 24-hour period will be 200-250 km. A division (brigade, regiment) must carry out a march at the highest possible speed permitted by the conditions. Coastal Missile-Artillery Troop Division (Brigade, Regiment) 204. A division (brigade, regiment) of coastal missile-artillery troops carries out tasks by conducting combat actions, as a rule, in the operations (combat actions) of formations (ob"yedineniya] or in naval operations on one axis to perform one or several tactical tasks independently and in cooperation' with large units and units of other types of forces of the Navy and other branches of the Armed Forces. TS #808370 Copy # "Ifaly4 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 TeirgECALL Page 26 of 28 Pages The combat activity of a division (brigade, regiment) includes preparation for combat actions, tactical deployment, delivery of a missile (missile and artillery) strike (artillery fire) against the enemy, redeployment, and the restoration of combat capability. 205. A division (brigade, regiment) of coastal missile-artillery troops is assigned its combat task by the fleet (flotilla) commander in chief or the commander of a naval base for the period allotted for performance of the immediate task in the fleet operation (the initial operations of flotillas or squadrons). Subsequent combat tasks are also specified. When cooperating with the Ground Forces, the commander of a coastal missile (artillery) regiment is assigned combat tasks in his sector for fire preparation, fire support, and close fire support by the commander of the Ground Forces large unit which is being supported. 206. The preparation of a division (brigade, regiment) for combat actions consists of making a decision, assigning tasks for units and subunits, planning combat actions, organizing cooperation, preparing commanders, staffs, personnel, weapons, and equipment for the performance of assigned tasks, conducting final preparation of missile deployment areas, organizing and conducting political work, organizing all types of support, organizing control, monitoring the readiness of units and subunits for combat actions, and conducting other necessary measures dictated by the conditions under which the combat task is to be carried out. 207. Upon receipt of the combat task, the division (brigade, regimental) commander makes his decision based on his sizing up of the task received, an assessment of the situation, and the calculations made by the staff. The - decision includes a determination of the concept of combat actions, the combat tasks for units and subunits, the main points of cooperation and support, the principles for organizing control, and the time required to achieve readiness. In the concept of combat actions, the division (brigade, regimental) commander defines the missile deployment areas, the main target (objective) of the strike, the targets (objectives) of supporting strikes, the order and ? sequence for employing nuclear and conventional weapons, and the procedures for deploying and forming up into combat formation. In the decision, special attention is devoted to selecting missile deployment areas, to concealing the occupation of these positions, and to the forming up into combat formation. Based on the decision made, the division (brigade, regimental) staff, together with the deputy commanders for armament and rear services, plans the. combat actions. In so doing, the staff develops the following documents: the TS #868370 Copy i TO ET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 -10P-91011._ Page 27 of 28 Pages plan of combat actions; the combat order and combat instructions for units and subunits; the fire schedule plan (when delivering a strike against ground targets); the combat order for moving (transporting) forces; instructions on communications, covert control, and the types of support; the schedule plan for cooperation; the plan for political work; and other documents. 208. The division (brigade) commander assigns combat tasks to regiments and subunits by means of a combat order or combat instructions. In addition, regiments and subunits are issued the following documents: the fire schedule plan, the combat order for movement (transportation), and instructions on communications, covert control, and the types of support. The division (brigade, regimental) commander exercises control over his forces from a fixed or mobile command post (KP), and the command post of a subordinate regiment (battalion) is used as the alternate division (brigade, regimental) command post. 209. Tactical deployment of large units and units consists of moving them up to the designated zones and missile deployment areas, deploying into combat formation, and reaching the specified level of combat (launch) readiness. In order to conduct combat actions, a division (brigade) deploys into combat formation within a zone, a regiment (separate (otdelinyy] missile battalion) within a missile deployment area, and a battalion (battery) within a (firing) position. The combat formation of a missile (missile-artillery) division (brigade) consists of a command post and the combat formations of missile (artillery) regiments and separate battalions. The combat formation of a missile or artillery regiment consists of a command post, the combat formations of battalions (batteries), and supporting subunits. A mobile regiment (separate battalion) is assigned main and alternate , missile deployment areas. In each missile deployment area, the main, alternate, dummy, and jumping-off Nyzhidatelinyyel positions are prepared for the launch (artillery) subunits, technical subunits, and other subunits of the regiment. The size of the missile deployment area is determined by the assigned combat task, the requirements for dispersal of the elements of the combat formation, and the technical characteristics of the weapons complexes. A missile deployment area may be up to 20-40 km wide and 10-15 km deep. 210. A missile (missile and artillery) strike includes target designation, TS #868370 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735 7431P3ECItk. Page 28 of 28 Pages preparation, missile launches (artillery fire), monitoring of the results, and cessation or shifting of fire. The main methods for delivering missile strikes are: group missile strikes; missile strikes employing one or several salvos against one main target (objective); missile strikes simultaneously hitting (porazheniye] several targets (objectives); and missile strikes hitting several targets (objectives) in sequence. The main methods for delivering artillery fire are by battery fire against an individual target (objective) and concentrated fire from several batteries against one or several targets (objectives). Cooperation between the units and subunits of a division (brigade) is achieved by allocating the targets (objectives) of strikes between units and subunits and by coordinating the time, methods, and sequence for delivering strikes. 211. The redeployment and restoration of the combat capability of large units and units and the preparation for repeat strikes consist of delivering and preparing missiles, munitions, and other types of materiel, repairing damage, replacing losses, eliminating the effects of weapons of mass destruction employed by the enemy, and changing positions. Movement of a division (brigade, regiment) may be carried out in order to relocate from one theater of military operations to another, change missile deployment areas in the course of combat actions, or move up to the waiting (loading) area. It may also be carried out in the course of cooperation the Ground Forces on maritime [primorskiye] axes. Movement may be done by marching, by rail, air, and water transport, or by a combination of methods. Regardless of what method of movement is used, a large unit or unit must reach the designated area on time and in complete readiness to perform its combat task. The main method of movement by a division, brigade, or regiment is the march. A march is carried out in march formation along one or more routes. The distance covered in one 24-hour period and the speed of movement depend on the tasks, the condition of the roads and terrain, the weather, the time of year, the time of day, the mobility and mechanical condition of vehicles, the weight and size of trailers, and also on the organization and support of the march. The distance covered in one 24-hour period may be as much as 400 km at an average speed of 25-30 km/hr. In mountain, tundra, and swampy wooded terrain and in heavy snow cover the distance covered in a 24-hour period and the average speed of movement, depending on the conditions, may be reduced. TS #868370 Copy ?..&_ TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430735

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COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENT