TRANSMITTAL OF PUBLICATIONS

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 304
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 11, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

FORM NO.
NOV 1948
51-61A
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RESTRICM
CENTRAL INTELLIGEN',..',E AGENCY REPORT NO.
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? be of interest:
The China Weekly Review: Jan. 15, 22, 29; Feb. 5, 12, 19, 26; Mar. 5, 12,
19, 26.
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: CIA-RDP83-004
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Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
THE CHINA
WEEKLY
"OrkeW
A Weekly Newspaper Established In 1917
January 15, 1949
WHERE WILL NANKING GO?
AN EDITORIAL
The Fall Of Chengchow
Mark M Lu
Forestry In China
S. C. Lee
"Musical Chairs" In Siam
Andrew Roth
THE "OFFICIAL MIND"
AN EDITORIAL
VOLUME 112
GY20 NUMBER 7
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Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
ie China Wee..ly Review. January 15. 1949
97 Yuen Ming Y en Road Tel. 13312
For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
Tho China Weekly RewegoivAElaFyofbRiAuse 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6 155
vionOrm.
LE TTERS
From The People
Comments from readers on current topics
are cordially invited: their opinions, how-
ever, do not necessarily represent the views
of The China Weekly Review.
Folly And Fai^ lure
To The Editor:
Your editorials, "American Dilemma,"
"Flying Tiger Revival" and "Doubtful
Logic" contained sound ideas and ways
for .the Washington administration to
reorientate its policy towards China.
America, now holding world leadership,
seems somewhat to realize the folly and
failures of her dollar-and-atomic-bomb
foreign policy as the sole weapon to
combat communism. Therefore, we hear
that President Truman intends to oppose
the inclusion of the anti-communism
stipulation in new labor legislation to
be discussed and effected by the 81st
Congress, and that he also will come out
for repeal of the Taft-Hartley Labor
Act.
In addition, America is reported to
have opened negotiations with Eastern
Europe on commercial and industrial
matters. Let us hope that the next
Truman administration will restore one-
tenth of China's goodwill to America
which has been lost ,since VJ Day, to
say nothing about the rest of its loss
which I have written about time and
again. In short, the election of Truman
should prove an eye-opener to the Ame-
rican press, to the Republican party and
to all those American boosters and the
international boosters of Thomas Dewey.
CHINESE JOHN THE BAPTIST
Chengtu, Szechuan
December 21, 1948
Any Other Way?
To The Editor:
In your editorial "American Dilemma"
of December 4, you expressed your
opinion concerning the attitude the
United States should take toward China.
In conclusion you deemed that the re-
lation between America and China must
be maintained no matter what govern-
ment happens to be in control; aid to
China should be continued; and Ameri-
ca's interest should be in the Chinese
people and not in any government which
they may or may not have from time
to time.
We certainly appreciate your sound
ideas and undoubtedly believe sifch a
policy is the only one which will ensure
continued good relationship between our
two peoples.
However, I seem unable to prevent
myself from doubting that the American
Government, as well as the American
people, would carry out such a policy.
As we all know, the American Revolu-
tion was a political, economic and re?
ligious one. Politically, it must be ac-
knowledged, you have solved the question
of political freedom and the dignity of
the individual. But economically you
have yet to solve the economic problem
of the average man. However, up to
now the only way we have been able to
find to solve the economic problem of the
average man is to socialize the com-
munity.
Now here comes the question: Will
the great capitalists of America who
tightly control the economic authority
of the most powerful country and who
presumably have a great influence upon
the world, give up their fortunes and
THE CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW
J. B. Powell
(Editor & Publisher, 1918-1947)
John W. Powell, Editor & Publisher
J. R. Kaim, Financial Editor
Sam 3. Wilde, Advertising Manager
Assistant Editors Correspondents
Mary Barrett
Julian Schuman
Elizabeth Purcell
Yang Chen-fang
Joan Faulkner
Contributing Editors
Fang Fu-an
Lin Wo-chiang
Charles J. Canning
C. Y. W. Meng
Edward RoLrbough
Ben Y. Lee
Frank L. Tsao
Tseng Yu-hao
Shen Chien-tu
James L. Stewart
F. K. Chao, Business Manager
Jefferson Cath
Van Shih-ching
Tong Chun-eho
Chen Fu-sheng
Mark M. Lu
Galahad Wood
Joseph I. C. Luan
Lauw Thian-hok
Harin Shah
C. Y. Hsieh
Joseph P. Lyford
Jacques Decaux
S. E. Shifrin
Ngiam Tong Fatt
Hugh Deane
? Canton
? Chengchow
? Chengtu
?Foochow
? Nanking
? Kunming
Shantung
? Batavia
? Bombay
? London
? New York
? Paris
Seattle
Singapore
Tokyo
Chen Pang-cheng, Circulation Manager
Index for January 15, 1949
Editorial Paragraphs
Where Will Nanking Go?
Prisoners Starve, Refugees Freeze
The "Official Mind"
Luxury Ban Relaxed?
Special Articles
The Fall Of Chengchow Mark M. Lu 165
Forestry In China S C. Lee 166
Chinese Intellectuals Suffer K C. Chang 168
Great Wall And Burma Road
Siam Plays "Musical Chairs" Andrew Roth, 170
Economic Section
The Week's Business
Departments
Letters From The People
25 Years Ago
News Of The Week
Chinese Magazine Roundup
US Magazine Roundup
What Chinese Papers Say
What US Papers Say
The Review's English Lesson LXVI
161
162
163
163
King7Chau Mui 169
171
155
164
172
174
175
176
177
178
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Weekly Review are copyrighted under certificate of registration No. 9956
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The China Weekly Review, January 15, 1949
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Shanghai's American Daily--
more than "just a newspaper"
During these trying post-war days, the Shanghai
Evening Post and Mercury has slipped into a peculiarly
intimate place in the minds and hearts of readers. I'er-
haps that is because it tries in every way to be as human
as your best friend. Read it for true straight news, most
of it printed at least 15 hours ahead of other Shanghai
papers; for outspoken views; for bright touches and enter-
tainment features which will take your mind off your
troubles. For the times, subscription rates are low:
REVISED
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holdings and let socialism be realized in
their society?
coming to religion, we find America is
a pure product of religion. The May-
flower brought to America the Puritans
from Europe who left their home pri-
marily to seek freedom of religion. To-
day, it is obvious that freedom of belief
has been granted to every US citizen,
for America itself is a highly religious
coun try.
On the contrary, we all know that
communism is strongly based on the
philosoplts of materialism that theoreti-
cally absolutely contradicts the idealism
to which all kinds of religion belong.
In brief, our question is simply this:
Is there any other way?besides com-
munism--of solving America's economic
problem and will it prove possible for
materialism, and religion to go together?
PAUL WU.
Nanchang, Kiangsi
December 31, 1943
Conquerors And Robber
To The Editor:
Having been very much attracted by
your Review, I am interested in express-
ing tny own thoughts.
War means destruction. Of course, it
is the "Conqueror" who blasts the fair
fruits of peace and civilization to gratify
his insatiable thirst for selfish domina-
tion. It is obvious that during war
many many innocent people are killed
or brought to death either on the bat-
tlefield or in the rear; and at the same
time a great amount of properties and
industries are put in ruins. Undoubted-
ly, without those "conquerors" we would
never have wars and we would not find
our human civilization and lives destroy-
ed or plundered into the dust.
We all know that robbers strip in-
dividuals and rob people of theii pro-
perties to satisfy themselves too. But
they never kill those they rob except
when they have to. They would never
destroy human civilization. They rob
for money only.
Comparing these two types of robbers,
I concluded that the "Conqueror" is more
harmful and terrible than the money
robber.
NIEIT CITIN-LING
Shan ghai
December 20, 1948
English Lessons
To The Editor:
Allow me to say a few words about
the Review's English Lesson, which in
the past month or two has shown mark-
ed improvement,
Head Office: San Francisco I notice that the Lesson is now paying
attention to letters received from Chi-
nese readers of the Review who have
specific words or phrases which they want
defined and discussed. / think this is a
very good idea for, I should think, it
would be quite difficult for you to pre-
pare the English Lesson considering the
different standards of English among
your Chinese readers. However, if they
continue to send in requests for definite
'things they wish' to know, you will have
something concrete to go on in your
lessons.
One slight word of criticism is in order.
While I have noticed a definite change
for the better in the whole construction
of your English Lesson, especially in the
style, I am afraid that at times it be-
comes a little too colloquial and in at-
tempting to explain a word or expression
It uses American terms which might be
quite puzzling to many readers: For
example, such terms as "gone by the
board." "gangsterland" and "breezy."
READER.
Shanghai
January 7, 1.949
Branches:
New York Bombay Tientsin
Affiliated Companies:
CONNELL BROS. CO. (HONGKONG)
Hongkong and Saigon
CONNELL BROS. CO. (MALAYA) LTD.
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Manila, Cebu and folio
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The China Weekly Review, January 15, 1949
157
Bad Discipline
To The Editor:
The shocking and unbearably bad dis-
cipline of the Kwangtung troops stationed
at neighboring villages around Pucheng
has prompted me to write this letter for
the purpose of calling the attention of
the military authorities to its serious-
ness. I am pretty sure that my letter
will be taken with a grain of salt, chiefly
because our Government is entirely de-
voted to this wide Bandit Suppression
Campaign and consequently, soldiers must
be tolerated no matter what the lao pai
hsing may have to say.
I have been told, frequently of the
"atrocities" of these troops throughout
the country and I am daily praying to
God to have mercy upon us poor in.
habitants of this small town.
These troops are stationed at a village
to the north of Pucheng called Shang-
wangchuang about 30 li away, and eye,
witnesses report that even if you were
to provide them with wood and coal for
fuel, they would insist on removing your
windows, tables and chairs and burn them
for warmth. Because of dialect difficul-
ties, they make it a rule to beat anyone
who does not understand them. A school-
mate of mine told me that he was
dragged by them and told to carry things
to a place some 50 li away and he was
badly beaten when he rested every once
in a while on the way, for he was in
weak health.
A family of six persons in the above-
mentioned village was 'turned out of
its own house a few weeks ago. A
15-year-old maiden was raped by a
platoon of these troops and died as a
consequence. It was learned that the
commander of the regiment later ordered
one of these men to lot shot. Rape cases
occur everywhere. Early one morning I
was amazed to learn that seven girls
and forir women were carried away the
day before at another village north of
Pucheng.
We innocent people simply don't know
how to act. The Hsien Council petitioned
Sian but so far to no avail. We could
not help sighing when we were told
by a local official that General Hu Tsung-
nan had been informed about it and had
advised us to put up with them because
they were invited to come here to Shensi
to suppress the bandits for the benefit
of the Shensi leo pai hying.
About a week ago, we learned that
these troops would be stationed inside
the town and this news shocked every
one of us townfolk. The pao officers
were busy for a whole night arranging
for their reception. Fortunately, only
a few of them came the next morning.
It was further learned that they might
not come to garrison the town.
Dear Editor, would you be shocked
by the power of tolerance shown by the
Chinese farmer? When this power comes
to an end and a power of resistance
makes its appearance, history will be
rewritten.
A SPITFIRE.
Pucheng, Shensi
December 21, 1948
Translation
To The Editor:
May I trouble you to give me the
Chinese translation for the phrase
"Yang-Shao Culture" used in the article,
"China in Transition" by Lin Chi-chun
in the Review of November 20.
Your reply either by post or through
the next issue of the Review will be
much appreciated.
CHOW CHI-MIN,
Shanghai
December 20, 1948
(ifp ?EDITOR.)
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THE FAR EASTERN
NC1NEER
"The leading Engineering Journal in China"
December
NOW ON SALE
Price per copy: GY30.00
Contents:
The Engineer's Outlook in China
The Progress of Brown Boveri Gas Turbine Development
On Ship Construction
Rayon?Modern Successor to Silk
Production Processes of Rarer Wools
Yangtzspoo Vehicular Ferry
Helicopter Developments
Civil Aviation The Students' Corner
Textile Supplement Chinese Section
Transport Notes Exhibition News
Obtainable at:
Chinese-American Publishing Co. .. 160 Nanking Road,
Kelly & Walsh Limited .. .. 66 Nanking Road,
or directly from the Publishers
THE FAR EASTERN ENGINEER 117 Hongkong
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158
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The China Weekly Review, January 15, 1949
Yunnan Bandits
To The Editor:
The news that Shill Pin (a famous
town in southern Yunnan) was occupied
by "bandits" appeared in the paper on
December 3. But the truth has not yet
been heard by the ignorant.
It was on market day and the market-
place was crowded and there was much
hustle and bustle. Some girl students
appeared and said they were travelers
arid wanted to spend some time wander-
mg through town. At first, they asked
the police to guide them and this was
agreed upon. On the other hand, some
;traw-sellers were sitting around the
-rate of the Shih Pin Government House
refreshing themselves. About two
.aclock gun firing was heard which con-
tinued off and on. Great confusion
within the town took place and the
deople sought shelter. The "bandits"
.mtered and the policemen and soldiers
eetreated into the Government House
while the straw-sellers took out their
machine guns and circled the Government
eraufinsuaatunainfamminnistilstiminingeolaffissiuslauwa
EAT AT ?LiE-
()limy s
133 Nanking Road
Shanghai
Branch 11-3 Rue Montauban
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House; the town was easile captt, ed.
The next day, the "bandits" didn kill
any peuple, rob or burn any lar iices.
On the contrary, they gave ,ople
sonic pork and openly gave rir to
some of the poor. M)st of the
people were still fearful and dare not
accept but the "Revolutionary 1. my"
hung the pork on the doors and vent
away. Indeed, the towns )eople vere
aur prised by this behavior and re iced
that the "bandits" were their own
army!
Phih Pin has been taktn hal by
Government troops. But many in-
habitants died as a result. I w eler
whether these troops love the p. plc.
If not, we lao pai itsing have the ght
to defy them.
L-U-SHM?G WA G
Mengtsze, Yunnan
December 30, 1948
New Year
To The Editor:
In the minds of the mil ionaire the
No-" Year is a chance to collect left
debts and have a good tit Ic spe ling
the .r money which is easily made. hey
sink deep into the luxuries of life led
try to satisfy their insatiable apra ti's.
They want expensive timer; and 11,1-
regeire many first-class ti ilet as des
for their wives and concubines, hey
Hoar, atop the surface of it calm she
and play like ducks and (hakes.
For those in poverty the New ea r
is but an eyesore because they aye
longed for the plutocratic Ii e and ave
failed in their attempt. Sc they ate
and envy the luxury of the t pper-c.1 ses
and pity their own dog's life. The lew
Year is the enemy to the root. d& )re
who are the customers of th cruel til-
lionaires. It is a golden opertunity for
politicians and officials. It is also a roe
occasion for the children of the no
L.
11111a1111111111111111111111111111111111LIEMIIIIIIIIIIIi1111111113a111111I1111111111311iiii111111111111111111111111111111111111111tOM1111111111111111111111*
7
Home of Quality Candies
ABC
Rn
Candies, Fruit Drops, Tcffee,
Nougats and Chocolates in
fancy boxes. -
families to carry on their love making
and indulge their sexual appetites, in
which they have a profound interest.
The petty officials and those with a
family of two cr three persons have great
trouble when they hear the approach of
New Year. The merchants spring up to
find pleasure in selling lots of merchan-
dise during this time. The pupils and
workers only want a three day holiday,
All nature looks gay at the time of New
Year's Eve.
Although New Year is disagreeable to
us, still I hope Wth all my heart that
we can be brought to a peaceful para-
dise, which ir, other words is our
Utopia.
t :HANG YIN-IAN
Henan University, Simchow
December 27, 1918
Poem Quoted
? Ti) The Editom
In reading English poems, recently
round one that I like best?not because
of its rhythm, bat be, of its meaning
-
that may give a hirt to the contending
parties. I chose ;:his poem to be pub-
lished in the hope that those blood-
thirsty warmongers may perhaps be
moved, though it seems impossiale that it
will have so much effect as to .inspire
them to lay down their arms. The poem
runs as follows:
The Nightinga and the Glow worm
by W. Cowper
A nightingale, that al day long
Had cheered the village with his song.
Nor yet at eve his mate suspended,
Nor yet when eventide was ended,
Began to feel, as well he might.,
The keen demands of appetite;
When, looking eagerly around,
He spied far off, upon the greuna,
A something sir in the dark.
And knew the glowworm by his spark;
Se stooping down "rem hawthorn top.
he thought to put hen in his crop.
Tine worm, aware of his intent.
Harangued him thus, right eloquent:?
"7nd you admire my lamp," quoth he,
"es much as your minstrelsy,
Yet. would abho r to do me wrong,
As much as to spoil your song;
Per lwas the self-same Power divine,
Taught you to sing and nm to shine;
That you with music. I with light.
Might beautify -trid cheer the night."
The songster heard his short oration,
And, warbling cut his approbation,
Released him, ee mi., story tells,
And feend a supper somewhere else.
Y. ' IA.
Sian, Shensi
December 27, 194a
War And Mankind
PINGS Te The Editor;
liistory has shewn that or countra has
been entirely free from war at some
time or another: no steadfast peace luus
been maintained from the past tip to
present. Wer irriplies destruction.
dieturbance and slaughter. It places all
mankind in a dreadful and unhappy con-
dition. It is not only destructive to
human life, but also ti civilization which
is the most essential feature of a coup.-
tie:- at large.
While war adentmee scenes aleod-
shed and terror ,are to be found all over
the battleground. The places where
fighting has occurred are as desolate as.
a iarge lesert, for the earth runs with
bleed; beings have disappeared; beauti-
ful buildings have been ruined; statues,
temples and antiquities of great value
to civilization have been pulled down;
practical books arra scientific instruments
have been burnt, and many valeahle
boees? which cannel; he duplicated have
been lost, 'Thus we may say that war
D eestructive to civilization.
edialsimeamminnuemailismonincionsineumcluariciineiliiiinmoonesouitailinionnaticistignainuonii imuistor
ABC
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P.O. Box 4095 Telephone: 85016, F8864
ORTAINATME AT DEPT, STORES AND PROVISION SHOPS'
Many ,,,:ykkt and Learned re Pn el lose
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Th _
China Weekly R A evi6pp rslynelpE,FIRtase 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6 159
e
their lives in war. This is a great joss
for they cannot complete their research
and communicate the experience and
learning gained during their lifetime to
their successors. Is this not a great loss
to civilization? Wise people, look around
attentively and you will find many more
evils arising from war.
When a war is started?usually by
some wicked persons?it throws the mul-
titudes into great fright and disturbs the
happy quiet of the entire society. In
this critical circumstance, there could not
be another such foolish fellow to devote
himself to his studies as the celebrated
Greek mathematician who applied him-
self to a study of the circle while being
attacked by an enemy. Naturally, one
cannot study in profound quiet while
one's country is at war.
Finally, wars are responsbile for the
improvement of implements of murder.
The longer a war keeps on, the more
weapons improve; and consequently the
more men die and the more civilization
perishes.
Indeed war is terrible. But when and
how can it be banished from the earth?
CHANG YIN LIN.
Soochow
December 30, 1948
Corrections
To The Editor:
May I correct some errors in the
article, "Chinese Philosophy and Politics:
1853-1905" by Joshua W. K. Liao which
appeared in the December 25, 1948 issue
of the Review.
Prince Tuan and Tuan Fang were
two different persons.
Prince Tuan ( Aria a-4M ) , whose son
had been made heir to Emperor Kuang-
Hsu by the Empress Dowager, was
leader of the Boxers.
Tuan Fang ( frith' ) was once the
viceroy of Kiangsu, Kiangsi and Anhwei,
thence Special Envoy to Europe to in-
vestigate the Occidental political system
and just before the 1911 Revolution was
sent by the imperial court to investigate
a railway incident in Szechuen where he
was killed by disbanded soldiers.
One was a member of the Royal
family; the other, a simple Manchurian.
One was extremely conservative and
anti-foreign; the other was more or less
westernized, open-minded and very
moderate in his attitude to politics.
It is a great mistake to put "Prince,"
"Tuan," and "Fang" together.
K.Y. YEN
Shanghai
January 8, 1949
Line-Up For Peace
To The Editor:
So far as the present situation is con-
cerned, it is evident that peace talks
will be decided, not by political leaders
anti big shots but by the top commanders
who hold military power in their hands.
If they succeed in achieving a truce, not
even the President will harm them. As
matters stand at present, General Fu
Tso-yi and General Yen Shi-shan will,
no doubt, agree to peace talks be-
cause they, not being political officers
of the Central Government, want
to keep their prestige. General Psi
Chung-Hsi, of course, is in accord with
Vice-President Li, who advocates peace.
General Hu Tsung-nan has no more
courage to meet the Reds. Even the
generals of the Whainpoa Military Aca-
demy are tired of fighting. Besides,
common soldiers who have been fighting
for ten years have no more strength to
fight on.
The people's will is the mightiest force
of all though they have no weapon. The
Icto pai) hsing want peace, particularly
the refugees. Even ignorant children
and old women are eager to hear news
Approved For
of a truce. Peace is the only hope of
the people.
It is generally supposed that a re-
sumption of peace talks is impossible
between the KMT and the CP, for both
have no sincerity. However, this is only
a pessimistic speculation. If the soldiers
put down their weapons, what will their
leaders do? The twentieth century is the
age of the people; even we Chinese peo-
ple can not be cheated.
A keen leader would give up his per-
sonal wishes and follow the people's will.
The peace of China, and the peace of
the world, depends on his decision.
' 11.S.C.
Soo chow
January 5, 1949
Criticizes UN
To The Editor:
Mr. Lie has told us a "lie."
Maybe the UN chief has not yet given
serious consideration to the Chinese pro-
blem and once he has he will end up
by deciding that the United Nations
should keep its hands' off the question.
Maybe our of-the-people government
is?or has been?thinking of bringing the
issue into the United Nations now that
it is inclined to feel that the present
"internal" struggle is changing into an
"international" situation?a rebellion en-
gineered or aided by some power out-
side China.
Certainly the United Nations, judging
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imumisillitsiminIMIHAUIHMHIUM mumnsumitommininiummiugninmumninmumniumusulumnimminsuinsiminiansningulmaummuniuninsummusnmananuluinm
Release 2001/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
I 60 The China Weekly Ileview, January 15, 1949
from the fact that it has not been able
to wash its hands of the Dutch police
action against the Indonesian Republic,
would never be willing to wash its hands
of China unless it is compelled to or
unless it believes it would be useless to
"intervene."
Ro far as the Chinese /co pai haing
understand what is happening, they know
that there is a power engineering and
aiding the "rebellion" against the Chi-
nese people all these years since vic-
tory against the Japanese?and that
power is the United States. But ob-
viously this is not what Mr. Lie meant.
MAN IN THE STREET
dhanghai
January 7, 1949
Peace Action
To The Editor:
Tears poured down my cheeks when
I had gone through the article. "Renew-
ed Peace Movement in China" by C.Y.W.
Meng. It is regretted that the recent
peace movement merely remained an
aborted flower. The long Civil War has
undermined the common people to the
point of death. They can no longer
put up with such a life. Let all peace-
loving people rise up to bring the cruel
iviL war to an early end so as to
save the people from dying. Those
"Peace Sponsors" who have exerted
every effort for the cause of peace in
1;11ina should be expected to assume
leadership in steering the peace negotia-
tions and boldly to urge the authorities
on both sides to lay down their guns
;orthwith. It is admittedly a difficult
task to be done. but I think the "Peaee
Sponsors", supported by the masses,
should have courage enough to run such
a risk regardless of their own interests
MOMINIMM.,MMIUMMMOIMWMMMOM.
in order to pave the way br a ftc ash-
ing China for their children Ind chil en's
children. Let us wait for their nor-
able action.
C., ):
Sian, Shensi
December 28, 1948
Foreign Deposits
To The Editor:
T agree fully with the viewpoir ex-
pressed in the December 4, 1948 ssue
of the Review in your editorial, 'sme-
rican Dilemma," in which ycu state Lhat
the American authorities "should I ;low
a policy of non-intervention mint ilv"
in China, while "aid to the Chinese ')e0-
ple" and "reconstruction wo shou be
continued."
Indeed, Uncle Sam has been :,)od
enough to be the number one sum: -Ler
of the Kuomintang, but las the .MT
benefited from this support? The
answer, as everyone knows, is unfo un_
ately in the negative. Amei?ican d. arm
have only lined the pockets of the cry
very few responsible for State afro
henchmen of the above-mentioned p
In saying_ this, I do not mean to
is-
credit the KMT which so success illy
launched a revolution years ago ag Fnst
the effete Manchu regime and sucee led
in establishing a new nation. How.. er,
facts have made the ill-gotten w lith
of these few high officials articin ate.
With the military situation going iiium
bad to worse, we fail to see why ose
big shots do not liquidate some of :eir
tremendous personal holdings to say, the
very government from which they aee
amassed these large fortunes. SE aid
the government be overthrown, we
wonder whether these big shots will tIl
be able to enjoy an extravagant .
,,,MHURVIIIMHURHUMMINHUMUMMHUMMMUUMUUMMAIMMNUIHMMUMEICICAMMIIMISUUMHEIDCROEMCRUII
Both for the country and for them-
solves, I think they should give a little
of their holdings to the tottering gov-
ernment.
Viewnig conditions from this angle,
while we appreciate more American aid
thii, Chinese people, we should not
,..,erlook the possibility of using a part
the frozen foreign deposits of these
wealthy Chinese.
L. S. LEE
c.-an, Shensi
I muary 3, 194,.-
Basic Concept
T0 Th Editor:
This letter is an attempt to display
basi,. concep: of the Chinese people.
ample, we Chinese know no "ism"
usher tAan the one of peace and love.
We are taught to put our elders at ease
and lock after iair young. Although this
may sum very simple it is 'still very
true, the main duty of being a man.
To mile us lielieve in the Kingdom
of God is one of the aims of Western
c i on. I believe in this whole-
heartedly. But that Kingdom is not to
be won by fighting or force, nor by an
atomic bomb.
Is the purpose of Western civilization
to make us slaves of the conflicting
"isms'' l No. Ti sacrifice our love of
humanit., for any propaganda is against
our conscience and the teaching of our
ancestor;. Therefore, we clO not like
that. We do net like to be running
dogs of any "ism-monger," except
hoLnanirism, which comes more or less
close to the teachings of Jesus and Con-
fucius.
CHE NG WEI-L U NG
Changti is, Hunan
Decembei? 22, 111th
IlIIItI;IIIIlIIlIIllIIIIiII;;Is;lllIIlIsseIul;,Ic,IIIueluI.5e5,rjI;j, 11111'S
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1.31...iimiltimisimicimiimmanctimimmuniuniummuminumminniumnintimmictiainuir,uu....iiiii.,,Niumagolyoursecummilliiiiiiiiiiimilio
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RNJ34,:oyMaFribINuse 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
The China Weekly 161
THE CHINA
WEEKLY
ittrJft it
A Weekly Newspaper Established In 1917
The editorial pages present each week the opinions
of the editor. The other pages of The China Weekly Re-
view are written by the other members of the staff and
the contributing editors who report and interpret the
news irrespective of the views expressed in the editorials.
Vol. 112 Shanghai, Saturday, January 15, 1949 No. 7
? Where Will Nanking Go?
THERE has been ? considerable speculation in
recent weeks about the Government's sup-
posed plans for moving the capital should Nan-
king prove untenable. Latest press reports from
Nanking indicate that some city on Taiwan, per-
haps Taipei, is the most favored spot at the
moment. However, there are also indications
that Canton might once again become the seat
of the Kuomintang Government.
Obviously, no city in China would do so
well as Nanking, which has?with an interruption
during the Sino-Japanese War ? served as the
capital for more than two decades. Nanking has
been designed as a capital, it has spacious public
buildings for the various ministries and bureaus,
as well as dormitories and houses for Govern-
ment employees. The Government will find it-
self crowded for both office and living space in
any other city.
However, if the military situation continues
to deteriorate, a move may become necessary,
regardless of questions of comfort, or lack of
adequate communications or other facilities. The
Nationalist Government has already had ex-
perience in sudden moving activities, having
transferred the capital from Nanking- to Hankow
and, later, to Chungking during the early days
of the war with Japan.
Both Canton and Taipei are cities which can
Ile reached relatively easily from Nanking by
water transportation. Both have certain ad-
vantages, as well as disadvantages. In the pre-
liminary discussions, we understand, it was
thought that Canton was preferable in that it
was on the mainland, its communications with
other parts of China were relatively good and,
in addition, it is a symbolic city as far as the
Kuomintang is concerned, since the revolution
began there. It was then thought that the
Government could move its archives and other
belongings by river to Hankow a,nd thence to
Canton by rail over the Canton-Hankow Railway.
However, with the Communists breaking through
to the Yangtze in small groups and with a new
direct threat to Hankow seen in the offing, such
a route might not be feasible and the move
Approved For Release 2001/09/10
might have to be made down the Yangtze,
along the China coast to Hongkong, and then
up the Pearl River to Canton. This would be a
more difficult route since it might even be neces-
sary to trans-ship from river to coastarvessels.
At least larger craft would be required for such
a voyage and it would take a longer time.
Latest reports from South China seem to
indicate that the situation in Kwangtung is not
ideal, especially as far as peace and order are
concerned. Communist guerrilla activity ? or
banditry ? has been widespread in Kwangtung
ever since the end of the war with Japan. The
Government sometimes calls these "disturbances"
bandit activities and minimizes the influence of
the Communists, while at other times it seems
convinced that the peasant uprisings and raids
by guerrilla bands are all well-connected and have
been organized by the Communists. No matter
who is responsible, the result is that large
sections of Kwangtung are under the control .of
armed groups which are actively opposed to the
present regime.
This instability has slowed down Governor
T. V. Soong's efforts to make Canton the center
of a new industrialized rear base for the Govern-
ment. According to Dr. Soong, his militia units
have fought some 1,200 separate engagements
with the bandits during the past six months.
This would not indicate that conditions were very
stable. However, great plans for the develop-
ment of Kwangtung are being mapped out.
Hydro-electric plants, coal mining, exploitation
of mineral deposits such as wolfram, copper,
sulphur and chrome will be increased, timber
production will be expanded and so on ad in-
finitum.
Already, we hear, the Chinese Navy is
making Canton its main base. The entire island
of Whampoa will be turned into a naval reserva-
tion. Meanwhile wealthy refugees from Shang-
hai and points north have been pouring in by
ship, plane and train for the past few months,
resulting in serious overcrowding and a steady
rise in real estate and food prices.
* *
DRESS reports from Nanking during the past
1 week or two indicate a growing belief that
the Government plans to move the seat of its
main activities, presumably including the General-
issimo's person, to Taipei. The island of
Taiwan, it is pointed out, is about the safest place
a retreating regime could pick. It is separated
from the mainland by a goodly expanse of ocean,
which would prove quite a barrier to an invading
force, especially one which possesses neither an
airforce nor a navy. Further, the island is quite
well stocked with natural resourees, produces a
food surplus each year and has- a fairly high level
of industry left by the Japanese. What's more,
it has surplus electrical power and a reasonably
well trained body of semi-skilled workers which
makes the island a place to which mainland in-
dustry presumably could be transferred more
successfully than many other spots.
However, there are a few main drawbacks.
First, the island is too small to support the
: CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
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162 The China Weekly Review, January 15, 1949
1.0111?111111111111111111?111.1111111.111?11.
Government so long as it retains its present size.
unless the major share of the support were corn-
ng from mainland areas. Secondly, and perhaps
inost important, is the attitude of the approxi-
mately 6,000,000 natives of Taiwan. They don't
mire much for mainland Chinese, because of the
:ank exploitation by the mainlanders during the
east three years and especially because of the
brutal repression of the short-lived Taiwan re-
bellion in the spring of 1947.
*
A LL in all, it would seem that there is no
II- really good spot for the Central Government
refugee in if it is forced to leave Nanking.
Taipei may become the official and main caPital,
while Canton may become a subsidiary capital
with various organizations, such as the Navy,
headquartered there. Army headquarters may
also remain on the mainland, being moved for-
ward and backward from time to time as the
military situation dictates. Meanwhile, other
eities, such as Kunming and Chungking, may
become centers for some of the .rich refugees
who wish to leave areas overrun by the Reds.
A transfer of the Government from Nanking
will not be so easy as during the Sino-Japanese
War. At that time, aside from a few puppets,
the bulk of officialdom and certainly nearly 100
oercent of the public were giving the Govern-
ment their full moral support. This time, how-
ever, an ever-growing section of the public is
becoming disillusioned and, if not actively trans-
'erring its support to the opposition, is at least
134_,Iraining from giving any positive help to the
Kuomintang regime. Regionalism, a post-empire
kwelopment which the KMT fought for so long
o eradicate, is springing up again and it is
,toubtful how much aid, the Government
may expect to 'receive as its actual physical
iliwer to command support declines.
The path of the Kuomintang, once it, or a
,art of it headed by the Generalissimo, leaves
Nanking looks rather difficult. The odds on its
being able to rally enough support and strength
o exterminate the Communists are rather long.
Evacuation Of Essential Industries
TheCentral Engraving and Printing Press is setting up
branch plant in Taipeh.---Ta Kung Pao.
This would seem to be adequate confirmation of the rumor
'hat Tairich will be the new capital.
Prisoners Starve, Refugees Freeze
ilvECENT press reports have revealed some
t shocking figures regarding the condition of
local prisoners and refugees. Some 8,000 prisoners
in the city once again are facing near starvation
because of the inability of prison authorities to
;,1137 enough food with the meager funds at their
disposal. Meanwhile, it is reported that 4,211
eople froze to death on the streets of Shanghai
during November and December of last year.
This figure is said to be double that for the same
two-month period of the previous year.
2risor :rs in Shanghai jails have a difficult
time at hi st because of general overcrowding
and poor cp ality food. Few cells, we understand,
are proper' y heated during the winter months,
while sanit ary facilities are wholly inadequate.
Lou, prise 1 officials cannot be blamed for these
conditions, since such matters are the responsi-
bility of t e Government. At times?the pres-
ent is am irently such an occasion?conditions
become m eh worse because of extreme over-
crowding fast depreciation of the currency.
We ref :ill a statement made last year by the
head of or ? of the detention houses who com-
plained the the police and courts were sending
him far t o many prisoners and that he was
forced at teat time to chain many newly arrived
inmaes te the walls along the jail's corridors
because al: cells were already so crowded that
it wa s imp ssible to get more people in.
The pl :isent crisis seems to be one of food.
Judge Cha Liang-chien, president of the Shang-
hai Districi Court, has publicly stated that some-
thing urge it must be done to solve the acute
i'00(1 short, ze at Ward Road Jail, one of the
large,it pern 1 institutions in the world. Obviously,
the prisone rs cannot be set free, but at the same
time they annot be kept in jail if the Govern.-
ment can't ifford to feed them properly. As the
Civil War continues and as conditions become
more diffici It, the question of the large number
of prisone 's confined in various institutions
throughout Nationalist-held areas will become
more press
We he
certa nly 0.
now seems
opera tions
of fiyhting
not i mposs,
these peoph
ment and i
providing I
move woul
lump sum
the direct(
wh wou I
mont i
ails area,
Ihe prison+
might; clap
:issunied tl
X)M11'
tion
population
for. Agah:
something.
mite limit
with the n
many will
question of
whom hay
most impoe
Accord'
3,838 child:
-e no solution for the problem, but
[e must be found. The Government
ntent upon moving some of its various
o areas farther away from the scene
Obviously, it would be difficult, if
tile, to transfer prisoners. However,
are the responsibility of the Govern-
simply cannot abandon them without
a- their support. Perhaps a sensible
t be for Nanking to appropriate a
.3 each penal institution, instructing
's to purchase a stockpile of food
carry them along for the next few
the Government then retreated from
acre would be sufficient food to feed
l's during any interim period which
e before a new regime arrived and
responsibility.
'tNION problem?also mainly a ques-
food -- concerns the huge refugee
a rear areas which is not being cared
, it is up to the authorities to do
We understand that there is a def-
tio the Government's ability to cope
amerous current problems and that
ave to go uncared for. However, the
feeding refugees, a great many of
turned into penniless beggars, is a
iant one.
ng to local reports, 373 adults and
en were found dead on Shanghai's
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The China Week4PlitgWOJEngE#3192001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
163
streets during the last two months of 1948. This
is really appalling. How the men who constitute
the governing body in this country can allow
more than 4,000 people--and most of them chil-
dren?to die of hunger and cold on the streets
of Shanghai during such a brief period is beyond
understanding. This averages approximately 70
people per night, altbough the figures are usually
much higher during cold snaps when as many
as 200 or 300 may die during one night. This
certainly is not the way to solve the "beggar
problem."
We can scarcely imagine what the figures
might be were it not for the efforts of private
charity groups and other organizations such as
the United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund, ECA, etc. which feed many
people who otherwise would go hungry. The
Government, of course, has done a little, but, as
is so often the case, it has underestimated the
extent of the problem and made wholly inadequate
preparations.
Failure to tackle the refugee problem in a
proper fashion is not only an example of almost
criminal neglect of responsibilities, but also stupid
politically. Most of the beggars currently starv-
ing in Shanghai are political refugees from areas
overrun by the Communists. Perhaps no other
? section of the population would provide better,
ready-made anti-communists. That is, they would
have a while ago. Now, however, it is quite
likely that they may feel that the Communists
weren't so bad after all. For a Government
which is carrying on a war against communism,
the neglect of these refugees from Communist
areas is a major political blunder.
The Government, whiCh at one and the same
time boasts of its as yet untapped resources and
its determination to exterminate the Reds but
allows prisoners to go unfed and refugees to die
of cold and hunger by the scores each night,
doesn't cut a very good figure.
The "Official Mind"
NOT long ago we urged the Government to study
the case of the Observer Magazine, which
has been closed by the authorities. We specifical-
ly reasoned that closure of publications for print-
ing critical news was no solution to the regime's
problems. Preventing publications from exposing
the ills of the country do not make the ills any
less existent.
We now have a few more examples f
the peculiar type of "official mind" which
frequently reacts in a fashion not at all creditable
to the human race. In Tientsin the garrison
headquarters suspended for one week the Chinese
Liberal Evening News for "disclosing" in its news
columns the fact that Communist artillery shells
had landed on the improvised airfield built on
the city's race course. Such a move makes very.
little sense in that presumably everybody in
Tientsin who was not deaf and dumb and blind
knew that the Reds had shelled the race course.
The Communists, presumably, also knew what
they were doing since they shelled this one spot
Approved For Release 2001/09/1
and no other one. In any event, the news was
radioed to other cities of China by the press, so
the citizens of Tientsin, as well as the Communist
attackers, only had to listen to the radio if they
had no other method of knowing exactly where
each shell landed.
From Peiping it is reported that censorship
of both local and foreign newspaper dispatches
is in force. A list of 11 points which news-
papermen must Observe was published by the
? military authorities. These points, as is usually
the case, are very loosely worded and give the
authorities the ability to interpret them in any
way they see fit. In addition to these measures,
the authorities arrested six correspondents of the
Ta Kung Pao, a nominally independent paper.
They, along with their families, were kept under
house arrest for two days. The reasons for this
detention were believed to be because one of the
editors?who is not now in Peiping?is "rumored"
to have gone over to the Reds and because some
of the six correspondents are reported to have
written occasional articles in their spare time for
the Observer.
Reports from Nanking state that the garrison
authorities there have begun secret censorship
of cables of foreign correspondents, although no
censorship regulations have been announced for
the capital at this time.
Shanghai residents, meanwhile, claim that
some form of censorship has been in existence for
a long time. It began, they claim, during the days
of General Chiang Ching-kuo's ill-fated reign,
when letters to and from banks and various
"suspected" addresses were checked for currency
violations. Since then some haphazard form of
"spot checking" has been employed.
Such activities on the part of the Govern-
ment can hardly be justified, even though the
Nationalists are involved in a bitter "bandit"
suppression campaign. Military news of value to
the enemy might properly be censored, but indis-
criminate censorship, which seems aimed mostly
at silencing criticism which the Government fully
deserves, is merely another example of the
"official mind," the existence of which is one of
the main factors contributing to the present sorry
plight of the Government.
Luxury Ban Relaxed?
IT HAS been reported in the press recently
that the Nanking authorities are considering
lifting, or at least relaxing, the import ban on
luxuries. Various reasons are given for this
idea. One has it that there is a shortage of
such goods on the market and that a few im-
ports should be allowed ' to relieve the tight
situation. Another explanation is that the
authorities feel that an increased flow of luxury
goods to the, stores would sop up a lot of idle
capital which otherwise, it is feared, will shortly
plunge into the food and other markets.
While it might be pleasant for that section
of the population which feels itself restricted
in its mode of living again to find imported
luxuries on local store shelves we imagine that
0: CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
Approved For Release 2001/09/10: CIA-RDP83-094,1,TMAPPA9N-.9anuary 1.9411
-.o.ich people can forego that type of pleasure
doring these difficult days. Also we believe we
an think of a few better ways of sopping up
idle, funds than by .the sale of luxuries to
he rich.
Obviously, there can be no lasting solution
or the deteriorating economy so long as the
'Government spends more than it collects and is
voreed to make up the deficit by printing more
'.,izioer money. However, there are several
oiethods which can be employed to tighten the
'noriey market from time to time. Chief among
em is bank credit, the relaxation or restric-
fini of which can ease or tighten the money
market considerably and, therefore, partially,
.!,titrol prices from time to time.
Another method which has been tried, dis-
..oiitinued, and then tried again several times
doring the past few years, is the sale of gold and
Sales of these precious metals is
ole of the best methods of keeping idle funds
of the commodity markets since those de-
''int to hoard some of their surplus wealth, be
.hey ricksha coolies who wish to buy one or
silver dollars, or bureaucratic capitalists who
sh to buy a few dozen ounces of gold, are
iiways eager to exchange their paper money for
hard "currency."
The public would rather buy gold or silver
fhan anything else, especially more than com-
modities, since they can be easily hidden, are
idways valuable, and, especially, will not spoil or
deteriorate as most commodities are certain to do.
1,'1.!rt her, at the present time few people are
rithusiastic about stockpiling huge amounts of
An added factor favoring gold and silver
the hign price these metals fetch today in
Lernis of US dollars. China has one of the
highest priced gold markets in the world, while
i:he silver dollar recently has risen considerably,
::,eing at times almost equal in price to a US
The Government might well explore the
oossibilities of selling gold and silver for US
notes. At present these metals are sold in
Limited amounts to the public for Gold Yuan.
unlimited sales were made to those willing to
oxcliange American dollars, .a thriving business
;night well develop, with the Government selling
A.,(41. and silver at prices considerably above the
Norio' market price and then replacing its re-
:,irves from the United States or Mexico at a
Lower figure. 'This would enable the Govern-
ment to continue its sales for a longer period
han now seems possible.
.As we said, all these methods are strictly
a temporary nature, designed at best to keep
I he badly smoking machinery of government
running a little longer than might normally be
the case. There is no substitute for sound fiscal
oolicies, coupled with basic economic reform.
flowever, so long as we seem unable to operate
except upon a day to day basis, we might as
well choose the better alternative. At least
!so'ld arid silver sold to the public is of more
lasting benefit to the country than cosmetics or
i,ther types of luxury goods.
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25 Years Ago in
The China Weekly Review
US Policy Difficulties
Ante) kali a
have beer trying
a statement oul
policy have at
personal letter
aunt....let
".... Thc di'
you will pereeiv
ntent. e have
give it the eppoi
11:L'Si of neeessi
the Powers to e
with an hope
agencies. The 1,
the Chinese anti
and give such
the will of cert..
profit by a "or
tend to stabiliz
of the Chinese e
of order and se
conditions in wii
ad tninist iation
January 12, 1924
other foreign residents of China ....who
for a consideralea time (o get some kind of
).F. Washington regarding its present China
.ist partially su :,..eeded....in the form of a
in a high officiel source within the govern-
er follows:
entity of the si elation in the Far East, as
lies in the weakness of the Chinese govern-
lone what we could to strengthen it and to
tinily for development. ?hut that development
e take place wi ) hin. It is not possible for
-ate a government for China, or to substitute
f success a government through their own
:mist which they can hope to do is to bring
cities to a realization of their responsibilities,
?;sistance ( even though it should be 'against
a elements in Chinese politics which hope to
nuance of disorder and corruption ) as will
the finances and the transportation services
vernment, and thereby bring about conditions
Irity which may afford a less difficult set of
?h the Chinese people may develop an effective
their own."
Si
Dr. Sun's :Northern Expedition
The latest ei ision of Or. Sun Yat-sen is to mobilize his
troops fir a Ni. horn expedition. His, plans, which have been
subject to chai e for quite some time, especially after his
failure ta defeai General Chen Chiang-ming, have lately taken
a step in a (i lierent direction According to the Eastern
News A jerey, outings have been held lately in Canton by
leaders. passing resolutions for the establishment of a stable
government wit Dr. Sun as President. The people have been
urging Dr. Sun ei effect the subjugation if the North without
delay, a id in v w of the strair ed relations between Fengtien
and Chi an, ( Milli and Chekiang, it was first decided to
mobilize the H an and Ronan troops into Kiangsi province
as preli ninary -,eps toward the subjugation of the North.
10 Years Ago In
Tin China Weekly Review
Guerrilla 'Vetivities
The follov,
( hina gain it
issue of the A
"....Favo ?
caught in Ph
donned the ble
oil out cf the ci
Recently- 8th k
ablest "Thin ese
raid with 601
mounte I on J
them, -wounded
identit} was c
"The gue
taken toll on
lure Jcpanese
January 14, 1939
g description of guerrilla warfare employed in
Japanese invaders is taken from a recent
rican magazine, Time:
ie guerrilla tale is that of 24 Chinese, who,
.ehuan when the .Japanese entered the city,
!,-stained uniforms of dead Japanese, and walk-
unmolested. This trick sometimes boomerangs.
? iate Army General Lin Piao, regarded as the
strategist now in the field, returned from a
of his men who were dressed as Japanese,
anese horses. Their own guerrillas ambushed
a number, including General Lin, before their
? ablished.
Alias also have a transverstite stunt that has
the Japanese. Chinese youths dress as girls,
to the countryside, where waiting guerrillas
fall upon the
Si
Cabarets thrive
About the irey enterprises in Shar ghai which have con-
tinued to fun i em and prosper throughout the "crisis" are
the cabarets. While the fighting was in progress on the bor-
ders of the fi iign settlements, the pollee forced the cabarets
to dote at 1 o'clock at night, but the pressure was too
great and the curfew regulatians were soon extended until
they practical became non -exi itent.
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165
Civil War Spreads
The Fall Of Chengchow
ABRUPTLY on October 21 martial
law was imposed on the city of
Chengehow, rail hub on the Lunghai
and Pinghan lines in central Honan.
By night time the streets were de-
solate, and around midnight the quiet
of the city was shattered by the rat-
tle of machinegun fire and the
sounds of rifles.
The following morning all was
quiet once again and even the
streets in the heart of the city were
back to normal. By afternoon, early
editions of the evening papers
throughout the city carried the usual
news of Government victories. In
fact, one of the evening papers con-
tained the information that General
Li Chen-ching, commander of the
40th Army, who had been appointed
as successor to General Sun Yuan-
Bang for purposes of garrisoning
the city, was determined to carry on
with the "bandit suppression cam-
paign" to the last man.
Just about the time this news was
being read, Communist soldiers began
entering the city. At first the
people thought they were simply
Nationalist stragglers retreating
from the front. It was not known
that they were Communists until
they occupied the Hsien government
Yamen and the Special Political Ad-
ministration office and began seeking
the magistrate and other high local
officials.
As the city fell, General Li Chen-
ching retreated with his army
toward Sinhsiang, rail center on the
Pinghan-Taoching line in northern
Honan. The men attempted to cross
the Yellow River over the well
known Iron Bridge. However, the
26th Independent Brigade I and two
regiments were ambushed by the
Communists and, as a result, nearly
all the troops were wiped out and
General Li himself was seriously
wounded in one leg. Incidentally,
General Li was summoned to Nan-
king on November 16 to make a
report on the military situation in
north Honan to the Generalissimo
and, at the same time, to cure his
wound.
Fortune Teller For Mayor
Following the Communist occupa-
tion of Chengchow, a new municipal
government was installed, and a
man who had hidden his identity by
posing as a fortune teller was ap-
pointed mayor. Shang Tze-kan, a
former sub-chief of the Nationalist
Secret Service, was made chairman
of the Chamber of Commerce. The
appointments were a great surprise
to the people pf Chengchow.
The Communists then registered
all local government officials and
Mark M. Lu
asked them to remain in their former
positions. These officials were sup-
plied with flour and rice, and the
Communists even raised some of
them in grade and increased their
salaries.
Along the principal streets of the
city, posters were put up notifying
the public that the "People's Libera-
tion Army" is strong and has never
had to retreat before the National-
ists, and that in the very near future
all of China will be liberated. The
posters declared that all people ex-
cept the very rich, the favored
families and the bureaucratic capital-
ists were comrades. They also pro-
mised that the Communists would
protect newspapermen and ,imple-
meat freedom of the press.
There were five leading morning
papers in Chengchow: the Chun Li
Pao, mouthpiece of the Hsuehow
Bandit Suppression Headquarters;
the Chung Pao, under the reign of
the Kuomintang Headquarters; the
Tung Hsu Daily News; the Cheng-
chow Daily News; and the Tsun
Chin Daily News. The three
evening papers were the North China
Evening News, the Central Homan
Evening News and the Labor and
Commerce Evening News. Of these
papers, the Chun Li Pao has been or-
dered to move to Hsuchow, while the
Chengchow Daily News voluntarily
went to Nanking and part of the per-
sonnel of the Chung Pao left for Soo-
chow.
Papers Visited
After entering the city, Commu-
nist political workers visited the
various papers and asked the editors,
reporters and managers to cooperate
by resuming publication. All the
papers received supplies of rice,
flour, paper and other necessities.
Prior to the evacuation of the Na-
tionalists, all local papers without
exception had adopted the attitude of
fighting the Communists to the
finish. But now, these papers did an
about face and began to praise Com-
munism and liberalism. It illustrated
the saying, "No matter who she is,
if she feeds milk she is the mother."
Meanwhile, all commodity prices,
especially for food, dropped sharply
after the Communists took over the
city. Later, it was announced that
the circulation of "fapi or legal
tender" and Gold Yuan would be
ended November 5, after which use
of these notes would be strictly pro-
hibited in the Liberated Area.
Everyone scrambled to buy up avail-
able goods and thus get rid of their
"KNIT" currency, and, as a result,
prices soared.
Silver dollars were also in circula-
tion and a ratio of one yuan of
Chungchow currency (Communist
money) was made equal to one ,silver
dollar, but actually one silver dollar
could buy 10 or more Chungchow
notes on the blacknaarket.
In the event that a person travel-
ing in the Liberated Area was dis-
covered to have a large amount of
Gold Yuan with him, the Communists
sealed it in a large envelope on
which was written, "Strictly pro-
hibited to open in the Liberated
Area." This was a measure adopted
as a precaution against the inflow
of Gold Yuan which might upset
their economic policy.
Public Granary
All provisions were put under the
supervision of the public granary,
and the surplus of Chungchow notes
was absorbed by raising the prices
of provisions so as to check inflation.
With the outbreak of the Hsuchow-
Pengpu battle, heavy forces by both
sides were mustered along the
southern stretch of the Tsinpu rail-
way. As a result, the sector along
the Pinghan railway, starting from
Sincheng, some 60 li south of Cheng-
chow, to Chumatien in southern
Honan-bas become a vacuum through
which the people are free to come
and go.
A few weeks ago, Miss Geneva
Sayre of the Kaifeng Free Methodist
Mission left Chengchow and returned
to Shanghai by way of Hsuchang,
Chumatien and Hankow. She spent
18 days on her journey and it has
been learned that she intends to re-
turn sometime this month. This in-
dicates that this sector is still peace-
ful. Commercial buses are operating
as usual along the Lunghai railway
from Kaifeng to Shangchiu.
The well-installed trains and the
modern locomotives of the Lunghai
railway, presented by CNRRA, were
transferred to the Chekiang-Kiangsi
railway several months prior to the
Nationalist evacuation. However, a
great deal of rail material and some
locomotives were left behind. In
addition, most of the railway work-
ers, including mechanics, conductors
and transportation officers remained
behind. For this reason, as soon as
the Communists entered Chengchow,
rail traffic between there and Kaifeng
was resumed. Although the Govern-
ment war birds carried on bombing
and strafing, not much harm was
done.
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Great Wall And Burma Road
Anyone who has made any study of
China at all has heard of the Great
Wall, or as the Chinese call it, The
Ten Thousand Li Wall, which winds
over mountains and plains and valleys
in northern China. In recent years its
fame has been shared by another
great engineering feat?the Burma
Road, which played a vital part in the
war against Japan.
Both the Great Wall and the Burma
Road were national defense measures.
Both were constructed by enormous
manpower, fashioned with crude
tools. And both were symbolic of' the
spirit of the time, the Great Wall
that of ancient China, and the Burma
Road that of modern China.
Classified as one of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World, the
Great Wall climbs from a starting
point below sea level near Shanhai-
kwan to the roof of the world by the
Tibetan plateau, covering a distance
of 1145 miles. It was built by Em-
peror Chin Shih-huang, who spent
many years trying to unify contend-
ing states into an empire. In seven
years he succeeded in subduing his
neighbors, and from the northern
limits of modern China to the Yang--
tze River and from the Yellow Sea
to present-day Szechuen, his word
was law. Living in constant fear
that his empire might be ovverrun by
the barbarians of the north, Emperor
Chin Shih-huang decided to erect a
gigantic barrier ' which no roving
horseman could scale or ride around.
To carry out the project, he, draft-
ed almost every able-bodied man in
China. They chiseled out two parallel
furrows twenty-five feet apart, then
laid square blocks of granite and bricks
in them to a height of twenty feet.
They filled the roadway between with
earthen paving. Then they erected
a five-foot parapet on each side. Those
who died in the labor were buried by
the Great Wall together with those
who rebelled against this inhuman
slavery. No one knew the number of
King-Chau Mui
(Chinese Minister to Cuba)
the unfortunate victims buried there.
Finally, in about 18 years the
task was completed. Emperor Chin
died in 210 B.C. The Great Wall
effectively served its purpose; it kept
out the wild horsemen of the north
for more than 1400 years.
The second colossal structure, the
Burma Road, was rebuilt in eight
months beginning December, 1937, and
it ran 715 miles from Kunming west-
ward and southward to Lashio to
join the Rangoon-Mandalay-Lashio
railway in Burma. It was connected
to a highway which runs parallel to
the Burma railroad to the sea.
The road is really not new. It fol-
lows the Old Tribute or Ambassadors'
Road over which Chinese envoys
made their way to southern Asia and
representatives of Burmese princi-
palities bore their tribute to the emper-
ors in China before Chinese seaports
were opened to the west. Records
have it that the famous Venetian
traveler Marco Polo made use of this
road in his missions from Yunnan to
Burma on behalf of the Mongol em-
peror Kublai Khan. In effect, then,
what is generally called the Back
Door of China today was the Front
Door of China yesterday.
What the Chinese did was to con-
vert this tortuous trail that winds
across sharp gorges and deep valleys
and on the side of precipitous ridges
that are at places 8,000 feet above
sea level- into a highway traversable
by motor trucks. This stupendous
task was achieved without the assist-
ance of a single piece of modern
machinery, under the supervision of
Chinese engineers who had been
trained in American universities.
Hundreds of thousands of people
contributed their labour to the con-
struction of the highway. They were
mostly the inhabitants of the areas
which the road traverses. To the
government's call for workers these
people responded in a gratifyingly
spontaneous manner. Most of them
brought their families with them.
They brought whatever crude tools
they possessed. Although they worked
long hours with practically no
pay, they did not complain. Every-
thing was done in the spirit of
sacrifice. For this reason the road
was rebuilt in an amazingly, short
time and trucks were able to go back
and forth over this life line.
The primary importance of the
Burma Road during the war years
was, of course, military. China's coast
had been so blocked by the Japanese
fleet that supplies could not easily
flow in and out. The other source
of communication, the railway link-
ing Haiphong and Kunming was made
unavailable for Chinese use when
France yielded Indo-China to the
Japanese. This left the Burma Road
as the country's principal line of com-
munication with the outside world.
And from the time it was construct-
ed until the end of the war, vital
supplies flowed in in unending suc-
cession, notwithstanding numerous
attempts of the enemy to bomb the
highways.
Comparing the two great engineer-
ing feats, one has the feeling that
the Burma Road is more important,
if less picturesque. The Great Wall
was planned by an egotistic tyrant to
ensure the preservation of his power
at the sacrifice of thousands of lives.
But the despotic state he founded
crumbled at his death, and twice
in history barbarians did- sweep
over to conquer China. On the
other hand, the Burma Road,
which sprang into importance during
the war of resistance and was re-
constructed by the heroic endeavors
of thousands of willing citizens, can
always be used as a means of com-
munication between China and her
neighbors, and of facilitating trade
and commerce, and will thus help to
promote a feeling of goodwill and
neighborliness.
CHINA'S CRISIS AS SEEN BY THE CARTOONISTS
Wt, .!fl The rodlunpolitSItS
"Slow boat."
nun. In Tn. 31 Lowin TMI
"Impairing the fire department."
NI...en In ft
"Uncle should have been twins."
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170 Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-004:099113 RuP99Mv. January 15. 1949
Siam Plays "Musical Chairs"
,THILE the whole political struc-
ture of Asia is swaying under
the impact of Communist victories
in China, Siam's ruling group is
alaying the political equivalent of
"musical chairs".
Siam is going through a cabinet
erisis. The hulk of Field Marshal
Itibul Songgram's cabinet has re-
signed and he is having difficulty in
placing them.
Far off observers might consider
natural that Siam should be suf-
Fering a political crisis since it is in
iiie center of strife-torn Southeast
Asia. However, Siamese politics has
betie relation to the economic and
olitical strt(ggles which convulse
(!itost of Asia. Siamese politics most
eesembles the battles between cliques
_Alith characterize musical comedy
eersions of Latin American republics.
Thus, the current cabinet crisis re-
volves about a man who has taught
us daughter to play the fastest
tioker in Bangkok.
"There are not more than two
nundred people in Siam who take a
serious interest in politics," is the
seluctant estimate of one of Siam's
shrewdest diplomatic observers. This
aarrow circle is due largely to
iarn's being a rich, rice-surplus
aountry which is comparatively thin-
W populated. Thus, the peasant
atasses have never moved into poli-
tical action by starvation. Siam is
he only country in Southeast Asia
teitich has escaped colonial status and
therefore there has never been the
stimulus of nationalist agitation to
arouse a widespread interest in poli-
acs. Furthermore, Siam's com-
enercial middle class is comprised
overwhelmingly of immigrant Chi-
atiso who have been preoccupied with
tnoneymaking and whose political in-
terests have been monopolized large-
by the recurrent crises in China.
'onsequently, only a thin layer of
arolessionals, aristocrats, and army
Akers have been involved in Siam's
itolitical life.
Clique Politics
i.tlique polities is frequently charac-
teristic of countries newly emerged
reran feudalism. Even today, when
Jisitins,,, some of Siam's aristocrats?
as Princess Poon, the grand-
daughter of King Mongh.ut, the
King of "Anna and the King of
iam"?one is startled to find their
servants crawling around on their
, TIENTSIN PARIS
?
Vailiigiiiiii1iatiii11111111111111111111111111111111111111111.11111111g1111111111111111111111q!11111111111E111111111lini11111111EIMI111111111111111111111111IIM 1111111111iiliiIIIIIIIIIIIINIMIM1111,111111i1111111111111111111111111111111111111
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Jr.
Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
222
Tb China Weekly Review. February 5, 1949
emie help from the Government and
some from the YMCA, they came away
-rom their homes without enough cloth-
eige Each of the students of National
llonan United Middle School both at Chu
-Jung and Shih Tan Wan was given a
warm uniform to wear by the govern-
ffient?some students even got four or
live suits, for they registered several
tunes in different places. But college
e-rd provincial middle school students ,:e-
,eived nothing in the way of clothing
that most of them are suffering frim
ehilblains. They sleep on straw, some-
inns on the wet ground.
Taese refugee students have no tables
e:rd chairs in their classrooms. Their
t.eachers are very often absent. The
itucients are allowed to travel free on
the Nanking-Shanghai railway 69 that
eiost of the cities along this line have
inn visited.
When these refugee students travel,
aey usually do not have one cent in
;emir pockets; they sell their few books
er clothes as they go along in order
live. Sometimes when customers are
iicking, a group of students flock around
,eie student anxious to sell his posses-
eions acting as though they were
eestomers in order to attract bona fide
ustumers.
With the arrival of Chinese New Year
? (Id the celebrations many students think
lengingly of their own homes. Some
have gone back to the liberated areas,
hut most of them remain because they
au not have the money to make their
,.vay back.
When the students heard the news that
the Generalissimo had retired to Feng-
hwa and that the Civil War would
bt, over soon, they sang songs, laughed
in tii. they cried, and for the first time
were joyful.
eichow
eattuary 30, 1949
_
,)uggestions
Ti, The Editor:
1. am not sure that your Review is the
hest English language magazine in China,
but I must say that I have been a loyal
add persistent reader for a period of
as long as five years. For this reason
would like to make a few suggestions
,arding the contents of the Review:
' Your Review is a complex
gazine containing political, military,
eeonomic, financial, and social news. I
ftoi that "The Week's Business" page
eather short. Although you have an-
.:cher proficient economic paper called
hina Economist. I think that the ex-
aanding of this page would be appre-
eiated by your common readers,
di Would you consider a resurrec-
Liun and enlargement of the "Who's Who
:n r 'hina" to "Who's Who in the
W ?"
Regarding the question of price,
am convinced that if you were to use
a -meaner quality of newsprint the price
it the "Special Copy" will be consider-
ably cheaper and would thus enable
euor readers to buy the Review even
while commodity prices advance so
JAMES W. ROUS
ii'anrhai
oecember 30, 1948
he editors gave considerable thought
o the question of whether or not to
%emend the "business" section of the
VIEW before starting an economic
eiupolement (The CHINA ECONOMIST)
, separate force. It was decided that
,eithough there was a definite need for
seeee economic news in the English tan-
Judge, the demand was centered largely
ri Shanghai and a few other major
if les, such as Canton and Hankow.
"l'he REVIEW'S
eireidahrrphiVeirViSf
in the countryside than in the tn
cities, with some 60 percent scatter( .
about the Chinese hinterland. The is
elusion of a heavy economic see,eptemet.
in each issue of the REVIEW for th,
bene fit of readers in; three or four nectp(
cities was felt to be a heavier burde
financially than the magazine coul
stand. It was there f ore, decided to brin
out the supplement in separate form an,.
let those interested subscribe to the sup
plement, with or without the IEVIbJli
as they wished.
The question of what to do a 'rout th
REVIEW'S Who's Who feature has bee'
a constant one. Whenever we run
biography in a few successive is rues, w
receive numerous complaints from read
ers who feel that it is a waste c f apace
However, whenever this feature is let,
out for a few weeks, numerous letter I
asking for its inclusion are reCe ved. It
is hoped that shortly, with the arrive'
of an entirely new set of off ic als anr!
prominent personages upon the politica,
scene, this feature will again becom.
generally popular. At the preseat time
it would be beyond the ability of th,
staff to expand this feature to includ,
personalities in countries other' thee
China.
The question of price is, as ca
be imagined, the one most constantly is
our minds, We certainly subscribe te,
the theory that everything possible
should be done to reduce the price cg
the magazine for the perhaps fe a thou-
sand readers who are excluded by the
REVIEW'S high cost. The idea c f ustny
locally-made or "native" newsprint has
been considered upon several occasions,
Perhaps in the future it will be possible
to print a number of copies on `cheap'
paper for students and other bard-up
readers. This is not possible now be-
cause little if any local newsprint is
being manufactured since most Saangha,
paper factories have closed. Also, dur-
ing these rather irrational days, ion-
ported foreign newsprint is frequently
cheaper than native-made paper. Pre-
sumably, when the Civil War is finally
settled and fighting stops and economic
conditions return to a more normal pat-
tern, this matter may be reconsic ered.---
Editor).
Clothes For Sale
To The Editor:
A "clothes for sale" movement is now
taking place in National Honan Univer-
sity. Every day after breakfast s-eidents
carry bags containing the ragged cloth-
ing, books and other possessions that
they brought from Kaifeng and walk to
the market place where the hawkers are
gathered. On, their arrival the;' take
their "goods" out of their bags, put them
on the ground and wait for customers.
At first they were ashamed to carry
on such activities and stood by their
goods with their hands in their pockets
and their eyes downcast as thougi they
were in contemplation. Whenever a
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customer come near them, they were em-
barrassed and did; art know how to deal
with him.
The local lao ,pai h,sing wonder at
these modern collegians selling their
clothes and stare at them curiously.
Sometimes these "intellectual hawkers"
are questioned about their family affairs
and living conditions in Soochow. But
the sympathy of people only increased
their misery.
Not being very good businessmen and
ashamed to wait for turners, they often
sell their commodities at very low prices.
As soon as the ton goes down and
the market closes, they return with their
remaining goods tinier their arms. And
when night mines, these students stretch
themselves on their beds to wonder
"What else can be sold?"
U.S.)
National Ronan University
Soochu w
January 19, 1949
A Failure
To The Editor:
The news of President Chiang's re-
signation has come as a great blow to
the "have" class. Ai a soldier, Chiang
will be remembered for many significant
military exploits, ft r uniting the coun-
try in 1927, and later for leading the
defense against Japan. Had he been a
wise statesman, he would have studied
tile times and resigned honorably after
VJ Day.
Since he began his fight against t he
Communists three s ears ago, he has
pursued mistaken policies until now he
has become the victim of these mistakes,
He has been conservative, autocratic
and jealous in his political career. He
lacks the ability to select good men to
serve the people. He has depreciated
the strength and will of the people.
While saying that' all his efforts are on
behalf of the people, it is obvious that
this has not been to, and that today
Chiang has lost his golden chance to
carry the three peoples' principles into
effect.
During the last 20 years most of our
people have not hail enough food to
eat, and lacked clothes and shelter. A
considerable part of the population is
on the verge of starvation. On the
other hand there are those who have
taken advantage of their special posi-
tion to deprive the people of their rights,
This group has lived luxuriously in
Shanghai, Taipeh, Hongkong or the
United States. In this period freedcm
has been lost, and many good people have
been arrested and tried by special courts.
Added to this are the great losses
sustained by the whole country as a
result of the civil war. President
Chiang's resignation hints of the bank-
ruptcy of the old K MT and the end of
the old China.
As for Mr. Chiang personally, history
will judge him as an unwise statesman
and a failure.
A STUDENT
Shanghai
January 22, 949
Prisoners In Taiwan
To The Editor:
I have taken note of your editorial.
"Puppets Moved To Taiwan," published
in the Januaey 22 edition of the Review.
Since I have seen the list of names of
prisoners moved from Nanking to Shang-
hai and definitely know something
the case, I would like to inform you
of the following:
Altogether there were 49 men and four
women of various categories who were
sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
A number of them committed murder
and some were charged with opium or
eR00260085430W14624 of the total
The China Weekylipyiy6sThdriiMblite4492001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
233
number were political prisoners, includ-
ing communists and war-time collabora-
tors.
None of these collaborators can be con-
sidered top collaborators because all of
the latter have either been executed or
died in prison during the last three and
a half years. The collaborators moved
from Nanking to Shanghai are merely
second rate collaborators who have
managed to survive life in prison, and
most of them are over 60 years old.
Since all prisoners in Tsinan, Kaifeng,
mhow, Pengpu, Tientsin and Peiping
have been released either by the out-
going Nationalists or by the incoming
Communists, it seems unjust and mean-
ingless to have the prisoners moved any
further from Shanghai.
It is to be hoped that the general
pardon of political prisoners promised
by the acting President will eliminate
the problem of all political prisoners.
GEORGE LEE
Shanghai
January 28, 1949
Good Gov't. Needed
To The Editor:
Recently I read a letter in your un-
biased weekly called, "Experts Needed."
China has many scientific experts, some
of whom are now teaching abroad. It
is not experts that are lacking but train_
ed workers in every class. The present
government has ignored this need and
done nothing to help those who already
belong to this group.
What China needs most of all is an
effective government composed of the
people, administered by the people and
for the people.
T.L.
Shanghai
January 25, 1949
Worried
To the Editor:
During the war I joined the Youth
Army force in order to beat back the
Japanese and to save our country from
the dangers surrounding it.
While we were training in Kweiyang
the Japanese surrendered even before we
could go into battle. We were demobi-
lized and I returned to graduate from
middle school. After this I entered
agricultural college and have been study-
ing continuously.
Nowadays all my schoolmates, whom I
have come to know as being not un-
pleasant, misunderstand us members who
wear our Kuomintang jackets. All our
acts are watched by them. I know that
we joined the Youth Army during the
Sino-Japanese war to save our country
from perishing. I don't know why my
schoolmates look upon us so strangely
and -often ridicule my comrades. I have
no chance to explain this to them and
so my daily life is full of worry and
distress.
To tell the truth, although we receiv-
ed military training for two years our
ideas have not been affected by this in-
struction in the least. I hope that our
schoolmates and others will become friend-
ly toward us and not crown us with
any colored hat.
HSING HUA-CHU
Wuchang, Hupei
January 16, 1949
Hits Red Blacklist
To The Editor:
According to the Yenan radio the
punishment of the war criminals is based
on the wishes of the people. I wonder
where these wishes come from. As a
matter of fact, people after a period of
long suffering really want a cease-fire
order on the part of both sides rather
than the punishment of the war
criminals.
For the welfare of the people, the
Chinese Communists should abandon
their insistence on this point and aim
at securing peace first. For the benefit
of the nation, the Nationalists should
fully realize that the other seven items
on the Yenan list of eight are approved
by the /ao pai haing.
Y. L SHENG
Shanghai
January 27, 1949
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Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R002600050001-6
Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83404115RtY026130060004t
libruary 5, 1949
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IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES:
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