TESTING PROCEDURES FOROPTICAL EQUIPMENT TEST KITS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 137
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 18, 2012
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: November 1, 1971
• Content Type: MISC

I L-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18T~kT
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1?`
TESTING PROCEDURES FOR
OPTICAL EQUIPMENT TEST KITS
STAT
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 TAT
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TESTING PROCEDURES
FOR OPTICAL EQUIPMENT TEST HITS
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
Section Title Page
I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
II GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF THIS MANUAL . . 11-1
A. The Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
B. General Testing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
1. Diopter Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
2. Zoom Systems and Other Relay Optics . . . . . . 11-3
3. Binocular Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-3
4. Focus Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
5. Reading Resolution Bar-Targets . . . . . . . . . II-4
6. Use and Care of Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
7. Use of Data Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
8. Equipment Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
9. Illumination Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-7
FOCUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-1-1
RESOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-2 -1
DISTORTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-3-1
ASTIGMATISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-4-1
ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-5-1
PARALLAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IH-6-1
MAGNIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-7-1
NUMERICAL APERTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-8-1
FIELD-OF-VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I11-9-1
ILLUMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-10 -1
SPECTRAL FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HI-11-1
POLARIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-12-1
INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-13-1
EYE RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HI-14-1
WORKING DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-15-1
OPTICAL PATH SEPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-16-1
ORTHOGONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-17-1
VIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-18-1
TENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-19-1
SURFACE TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-20-1
I
IV DATA SHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV-1
V GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1
VI INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Figure Title Page
1 Rotatable Arm Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1-2
2 Format Locations For Resolution Measurements . . . . . . . . 111-2-6
3 Vignetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-5-8
4 Measurement of Instrument Numerical Aperture . . . . . . . . 111-8-2
5 Astigmatism and Orthogonality Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-17-4
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
SECTION I
The purpose of this manual is to provide optical acceptance testing capability for
viewing instruments classed as microstereoscopes. This capability includes test
methods that measure the characteristic optical parameters and the optical performance
qualities of an instrument.
The manual format consists of six sections, each of which is important to the
establishment of a technically competent and practically applicable testing program.
The first two sections describe the general outline and use of this manual. This in-
cludes discussion on the important qualities of a testing program and general guidelines
to follow in the application of the testing procedures and equipment described herein.
These sections must not be overlooked in that they are a prerequisite for the thorough
understanding of the material to follow.
The third section is the most important because it contains detailed procedures for
the application of all optical tests to be performed. These procedures are discussed in
20 subsections, each of which contains one or more tests. The subsections include:
(1) focus, (2) resolution, (3) distortion, (4) astigmatism, (5) alignment, (6) parallax,
(7) magnification, (8) numerical aperture, (9) field-of-view, (10) illumination, (11) spec-
tral effects, (12) polarization, (13) interpupillary distance, (14) eye relief, (15) working
distance, (16) optical path separation, (17) orthogonality, (18) vibration, (19) film ten-
sion, and (20) surface temperature. The individual tests are listed on the contents
page for ready reference.
The fourth section of the manual contains all of the data sheets referred to in the
test procedures. These data sheets were purposely placed in a separate section as a
matter of convenience.
The fifth and sixth sections, respectively, contain a glossary of terms used through
the manual and an index which is cross-referenced to aid in the location of particular
subject matter.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
1
^
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
1
I
The general instructions will be discussed in two subsections. The first will con-
sider the important qualities of a useful equipment evaluation program and the second
will discuss the application of some guidelines necessary to the thorough understanding
of the testing procedures described in Section III. It is recommended that these sub-
sections be carefully reviewed before proceeding any further into the manual.
When attempting to evaluate a piece of optical equipment, the first step is to
become thoroughly familiar with the instrument*. This familiarization must include
a review of all manuals and instructions supplied by the manufacturer for the instru-
ment's proper use and maintenance. In addition, the instrument should be used, at
least briefly, in a simulated operational mode by the personnel required to make the
evaluation.
The second step is to review all documents which are directly related to the instru-
ment. These include: (1) The specifications required by the purchaser or sponsor,
(2) the design specifications proposed by the manufacturer, and (3) the production speci-
fications which accompany the instrument.
Following this, the tests presented in this manual should be reviewed so as to
select those which will provide the most meaningful measurements in relation to the
acceptance testing of required specifications. As an aid to this review, the contents
page provides a listing of the individual tests discussed in this manual. In addition,
the index should be utilized to locate tests for specific problem areas or tests with
titles or descriptions differing from the terminology used in the manufacturer's speci-
fications.
Equipped with this information, a complete optical testing program can be formu-
lated which will fulfill all the requirements of an acceptance testing program. When-
*Throughout this manual the underlined word, instrument, will be used to denote that
piece of equipment which is to be tested and evaluated.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1 ieasure each of the enumerated parameters
and performance qualities specified by both the purchaser and the manufacturer. In
addition, other tests which appear to be applicable should be included in the testing
program.
Following the selection of the testing methods, a review of the performance pro-
cedures should be made to determine the most efficient order in which these tests
should be applied. Some procedures utilize similar instrument configurations or test
equipment and it would be more convenient to perform them in consecutive order. In
most cases these tests are included in the same subsections and, with experience,
may be performed simultaneously.
Finally, the testing program must consider the physical performance of the test
procedure and the collection of meaningful data. This cannot be undertaken without
the application of recognized experimental planning methods based upon sound statis-
tical principles. It is not the intent of this manual to review statistical analysis methods;
however, some consideration has been implicitly included.
All testing procedures given in this manual should be replicated a minimum of
three times. In some cases, such as the measurement of resolution, it is required
that the tests be performed by at least three different individuals. This requirement
for repetition will prove valuable, especially when applied to tests which require some
subjective interpretation.
Also, all data sheets, provided in Section IV of the manual, are based on three
replications with space for entries of average values. The proper utilization of
these sheets can include their direct use or they can serve as guidelines for the devel-
opment of specific data gathering formats.
This subsection presents explanations and descriptions relating to the equipment
and procedures utilized in this manual and they are listed here to avoid unnecessary
repetition throughout the manual.
11-2 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1 scope has two major advantages which
dation of the observer's eye, and,second, it presents the observer with an additional
3X magnification.
1
a
It contains an internal reticle upon which the eye is focused, standardizing the
focus accommodation of the eye, prior to making focus adjustments on instruments.
The measurements performed in the testing procedures, which include the focusing
of an instrument, are therefore more repeatable and reliable.
The lens combination provides a 3X magnification which becomes very useful in
tests involving visual acuity. Also, in measurements on high-resolution systems, the
additional magnification guarantees that the resolving power of the eye is not the limit-
ing factor.
The manufacturer's instructions for the use of the diopter telescope should be
carefully followed. Essentially, however, the diopter ring is usually rotated to the
zero position and, using the eyepiece reference adjustment, the individual finds the
most comfortable position for focusing on the internal reticle. The diopter telescope
is now "calibrated" to the individual's eye and its eyepiece adjustment should not be
rotated while that same individual is using it with the same eye.
2. Zoom Systems and Other Relay Optics: Most stereo microscopes and micro-
stereoscopes contain elements between the objective and the eyepiece that affect the
magnification and, in many cases, the specific relay lenses are selectable or other-
wise adjustable. Since zoom systems fall into this category and since they currently
seem to be the most prevalent, this manual is written with specific reference to their
presence. However, for testing purposes, all references to zoom systems in the
Optical Testing Procedures Section apply equally to other relay systems such as select-
able magnification relay systems. Where selectable systems are present instead of
zoom systems, and the reference is to test the instrument at more than two different
zoom settings, the instrument should be tested correspondingly at all available dis-
crete relay magnifications.
3. Binocular Instruments: The class of viewing instruments, for which this
manual is intended, contain two optical trains for each observer. These optical trains
may be completely separated or may overlap in some lens or prism elements.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
It is the intended policy of this manual that comparative tests of these optical
trains be performed separately, utilizing the same eye of the observer in all cases.
The only deviation from this policy will be specifically stated in the test procedures
which require stereoscopic viewing.
4. Focus Adjustments: The determination of best focus is generally subjective
and particularly difficult to achieve repeatably at low magnifications. Because of this,
it is recommended that at least three replications be performed for all tests requiring
the actual .location or relative location of best focus.
Also, the diopter telescope and a suitable target are listed as equipment to be
utilized in the performance of these testing procedures. The purpose of the diopter
telescope was previously discussed in paragraph B. 1. above. The listing of a suitable
target, however,.was left intentionally vague due to the subjectiveness of this type of
adjustment. A standard target format which is sensitive to focus adjustments has not
yet been adopted. However, experience indicates that high-resolution bar-targets are
the most convenient choice of targets for a sensitive measurement of the location of
best focus. Therefore, although extreme care is required for high-resolution targets,
it is recommended that they be used whenever a suitable target is required.
5. Reading Resolution Bar-Targets: Resolution values should be assigned by at
least three independent observers. The median value shall be taken to be the correct
value.
A bar group shall generally be considered resolved if: (a) The observer can cor-
rectly identify each of the bars and spaces, and (b) if the observer can see spaces
between each of the bars extending the entire length of the bars. It should be noted
that with targets consisting of more than 5 bars per group it becomes increasingly
difficult to count the bars correctly. Thus, being able.to correctly identify each of
the bars and spaces is strictly a subjective evaluation based upon the observer's con-
fidence in being able to correctly count the individual bars if a suitable pointer could
be utilized.
In order to correctly place the resolution limit on an instrument, each observer
should examine resolved bar groups in increasing spatial frequency until the first bar
t
I
n_a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
1
I
group appears that cannot be considered to be resolved. The resolution of the immedi-
ately preceding group is the assigned resolution limit of the instrument. Spurious
resolution readings may result if this procedure is not followed strictly.
Tangential and sagittal resolution may be evaluated on their respective patterns
if both orientations are provided. Otherwise, the target may be rotated 90?. However,
care should be taken that the value assigned to one direction does not affect the judg-
ment of the observer in determining the value to the resolution limit in the other direc-
tion.
It has been assumed that the instrument resolution limit is based upon the use of
a resolution target of the high-contrast variety. The above instructions, however,
apply equally well when other than high-contrast targets are used. It is imperative,
though, that the target contrast be recorded near all resolution figures when other
than high-contrast targets are used. If no specification of target contrast is reported,
it is to be assumed that the target was of high contrast.
6. Use and Care of Targets: All targets and scales utilized with an instrument
should be viewed with the base or substrate in contact with the substage.
With photographic glass plates and film, this corresponds to the emulsion facing
the objective. As an aid to the proper utilization of these photographic materials in
the test procedures, the following methods are given for the selection of the emulsion
side. The best method depends on the particular materials and the individual making
the decision.
a. The emulsion normally makes a film curl. If a piece of film is curled,
the emulsion is probably on the concave surface.
b. The emulsion frequently causes a dull finish. The base side is normally
bright and reflects light specularly.
c. If imagery is located near the edge of a glass plate, viewing at an angle
through the edge of the plate (at a bright background) will reveal the surface containing
the target. The other surface will only reflect the target.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
d. Commercially available targets are usually made with all writing and
numerical symbols in their proper orientation when viewed from the emulsion side.
Note, however, that this is not a specific rule.
For nonphotographic targets (i. e. , targets scribed on glass, vacuum deposition
targets, etc. ), the image side may be determined by observation.
If none of the above methods proves to be satisfactory, then determine the image
side using the instrument. This can be accomplished by placing the target* on the
instrument's substage and focusing it at a high magnification (approximately 50X to
100X). Then, after turning the target over, refocus the target (using the fine focus
adjustment) and note the direction in which the objective traveled to obtain this focus.
If the objective moved toward the target, then the image side is now in contact with
the substage. If the objective moved away from the target, then the image side is now
facing the objective.
The condition of all targets is basically dependent upon proper handling, cleaning,
and storage. Targets should always be handled with gloves and held at their edges.
Cleaning targets should consist of a light dusting with a camel's hair brush or recom-
mendations specified by the manufacturer. Finally, all targets should be stored in
separate containers to eliminate unnecessary dust and scratching. The containers
should all be kept together in some area which is essentially free of rapid changes in
environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, humidity, and vibration.
7. Use of Data Sheets: Data sheets are included, in Section IV, for each of the
optical tests described in this manual. These sheets are intended to represent a gen-
eral data collection format for the optical tests described and should be altered by the
sponsor to meet any special requirements of prototype instruments.
Each data sheet must be completely filled out including the test performer's name,
the date, and the instrument designation. In each case, the test variables are given as
data table headings with ample space for the variable subheadings and the data. Also,
space has been provided for replicate and average values for all data.
*If the target is on photographic film, it must be held flat to the substage surface
through the use of a film holder, tape, or some other means.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
As an example of the use of these data sheets, the reader is referred to
the Data Sheet for Resolution Test No. 2. In the performance of this test, the choice
of optical trains, extension arms and tangential or sagittal resolution values will deter-
mine the number of data sheets required. The instrument component values will then
be recorded in their appropriate spaces as zoom magnification values, eyepiece magni-
fication values, and objective magnification values. Finally, four positions are avail-
able for data collected at each combination of the three component variables. These
are intended for the three replicate resolution values and one average value as shown
below.
1
In the special case of resolution tests, it is recommended that separate sets of
data sheets be used by each of the personnel selected to perform one replicate of the
tests. Then, after they have performed their respective replicate and recorded the
data, the results should be combined to one final set of data sheets. By following this
procedure, the personnel performing the tests will not be influenced by the values
recorded in the previous performance of the test.
8. Equipment Specification: All of the equipment required in Section III, Optical
Testing Procedures, of this manual, has been assigned a Test Kit Component (TKC)
number. This number specifies the particular piece of equipment required by the opti-
cal test to be performed and labels each piece of equipment as found in the Optical
Equipment Test Kit.
9. Illumination Meter: The illumination meter described in Illumination Test
No. 1 of this manual is not a highly sophisticated illumination measurement device,
but is rather an inexpensive, portable device that is capable of measuring approximate
illumination levels of light tables as well as serve an exposure meter for any required
instrument photographs. Its proper use will require some interpretation of the meter
scale and a conversion chart to relate the meter readings to any larger foot-candle
meter that is utilized as a calibrated standard.
^ 11-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP791300873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
The meter has been found to be repeatable in its measurements and is very easy
to use for these measurements. It requires minimal set-up time and requires very few
operational instructions.
r
1
11-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FOCUS TEST NO. 1
I
Parfocalization of a single optical train with interchangeable or selectable objec-
tives (exclusive of or without a zoom system).
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in. ) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Use an eyepiece furnished with the instrument (lOX or the closest to this) and the
highest power objective furnished with the instrument. Turn the zoom adjustment (if
there is one) to its highest magnification. If rotatable arms are incorporated in the
instrument, they should remain in either the 3 or 9 position (see Figure 1) throughout
the test.
2. Place the dial gauge in contact with a surface on the instrument that will move
with the focus control.
1. Focus, with the instrument focus control, on the glass target, through an
adjusted* diopter telescope and a single optical train.
4. Replace the highest power objective with one of the lower power objectives,
leaving the zoom at its highest magnification.
5. Refocus on the glass target, using the instrument focus control and adjusted
diopter telescope and the same optical train. Record the value of the dial gauge. If,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1 12 12
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1 0 ~' ~" '"'"
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
in order to refocus, the objective must be moved toward the target, it shall be recorded
as a positive (+) deviation. If, in order to refocus, the objective must be moved away
from the target, it shall be recorded as a negative (-) deviation.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each of the remaining objectives. In each case the
diopter telescope shall be used in determining best focus. It is important that the dials
on the diopter telescope not be moved between readings.
7. Convert all dial gauge values to metric units where 0. 001 in..= 25.4 micro-
meters.
Note: If the distance of travel, required by refocusing, exceeds the range of the
dial indicator, the vernier calipers (TKC-19) must be utilized in this measurement.
Use the surface of the light table as a reference for this distance measurement.
The accuracy depends upon the operator and the instrument's depth of field. How-
ever, with practice, ? 0. 001 in. should be obtainable at the higher magnifications.
i nT-, -R
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FOCUS TEST NO. 2
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Parfocalization of a zoom mechanism in a single optical train.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in.) and adjustable stand (.TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 2 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Use an eyepiece furnished with the instrument (lOX or the closest to this) and the
highest power objective furnished with the instrument. Turn the zoom adjustment to
its highest magnification. if rotatable arms are incorporated in the instrument, they
should remain in either the 3 or the 9 position (see Figure 1) throughout the test.
1. Focus, with the instrument focus control, on the glass target, through an
adjusted* diopter telescope and a single optical train.
2. Place the dial gauge in contact with a surface on the instrument that will move
with the focus control.
4. Select four other zoom magnification positions. Make sure that these posi-
tions cover the entire range of instrument zoom magnification possibilities.
5. Set zoom magnification to one of the positions selected in step 4.
6. Refocus on the glass target, using the instrument focus control and adjusted
diopter telescope and the same optical train. Record the value of the dial gauge. If,
in order to refocus, the objective must be moved toward the target, it shall be recorded
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
as a positive (+) deviation. If, in order to refocus, the objective must be moved away
from the target, it shall be recorded as a negative (-) deviation.
7. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each of the zoom magnification positions. In each
case the diopter telescope shall be used in determining best focus. It is important
that the dials on the diopter telescope not be moved between readings.
8. Convert all dial gauge values to metric units where 0. 001 in. = 25. 4 micro-
meters.
D. ACCURACY
The accuracy depends upon the operator and the instrument's depth of field. How-
ever, with practice, t 0. 001 in. should be obtainable at the higher magnifications.
I HT-1-.5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP791300873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FOCUS TEST NO. 3
Relative focus or parfocalization between the left and the right optical trains in
binocular instruments.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in.) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 3 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Select the highest power objective and zoom magnification and a pair of matched
eyepieces furnished with the instrument (10X or the closest to this). If rotatable arms
are incorporated in the instrument, they should remain in the 3 and the 9 positions
respectively (see Figure 1) throughout the test.
1. If the instrument has an acuity adjustment in one eyepiece, focus the other
optical train on the target with the instrument focus control while viewing through
an adjusted* diopter telescope. If both eyepieces have acuity adjustments, turn the
adjustment in the right eyepiece to approximately the middle of its travel. Then, focus
through it, with the instrument focus control, on the glass target while viewing through
the adjusted diopter telescope. If the instrument does not have an acuity adjustment,
focus the right optical train, as above, using the diopter telescope and proceed to step4.
2. Move the diopter telescope to the other eyepiece and, using only its acuity
adjustment, focus this optical train on the target. It is important to use the same eye
and diopter telescope setting for all measurements. The use of the acuity adjustment
will provide correct relative focus measurements for this magnification. A "0" value
should be recorded on the data sheet for this magnification.
M-' -r
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
3. Select four other zoom magnifications on the zoom dial and change the zoom
to one of these magnifications. Then, refocus the first optical train on the target,
through the diopter telescope, using the instrument focus control.
4. Place the dial gauge in contact with a surface on the instrument that will move
with the focus control and adjust the gauge to a dial indicator value of "0".
5. Move the diopter telescope to the other eyepiece and focus this optical train
on the target using only the instrument focus control. Note the change in the indicator
dial reading and the zoom magnification and record both on the data sheet. If, in order
to refocus, the objective must be moved toward the target, the deviation shall be
recorded as positive (+). If, in order to refocus, the objective must be moved away
from the target, the deviation shall be recorded as negative (-).
7. Repeat the procedures followed in steps 3 through 5 for each of the objectives
supplied with the instrument and using only the highest zoom magnification available.
Note that a change in focus within one optical train due to a change in either objective
or zoom magnification is not to be measured in this test. This test should only reflect
differences between optical trains.
8. Convert all dial gauge values to metric units where 0. 001 in. = 25. 4 micro-
meters.
The accuracy depends upon the operator and the instrument's depth of field. How-
ever, with practice, ? 0. 001 in. should be obtainable at the higher magnifications.
I III-1-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
,CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FOCUS TEST NO. 4
Acuity adjustment or eyepiece focus adjustment for instruments with one adjustable
eyepiece.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in.) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 4 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Use the two lowest power eyepieces furnished with the instrument. Use the highest
power objectives and turn the zoom to its maximum magnification.
1. Place adjusted* diopter telescope on the eyepiece that is not adjustable.
2. Focus, using the instrument focus control, on the glass target through the
adjusted diopter telescope.
3. Place diopter telescope over the adjustable eyepiece.
4. Focus, using only the eyepiece adjustment, on the glass target through the
5. Place the dial gauge in contact with the adjustable eyepiece so that it will
monitor the movement of the eyepiece along the optical axis.
6. Adjust the gauge to obtain a dial indicator value of "0". Record this value on
the data sheet.
1
III-1-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
8. Record the distance traveled as the negative value of X. This distance is the
difference between the initial gauge value (step 6) and the final gauge value.
10. Record the difference between the final gauge value and the initial gauge value
(step 6) as the positive value X.
12. Calculate the limits of eyepiece travel in diopters, from the position of par-
focalization between the optical trains, using the following formulas:
D = M - M/0.25
0.25 + M X
D' = M - M/0.25
0.25 + M X'
where D is the positive limit of eyepiece adjustment in diopters.
D'is the negative limit of eyepiece adjustment in diopters.
M is the magnification of the eyepiece.
X is the negative eyepiece displacement in meters.
X' is the positive eyepiece displacement in meters.
The accuracy depends upon the operator, the eyepiece magnification, and the dial
gauge. A value of 0. 1 diopter is anticipated.
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FOCUS TEST NO. 5
Acuity adjustment or eyepiece focus adjustment for instruments with two adjustable
eyepieces.
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in. ) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 5 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Use the two lowest power eyepieces furnished with the instrument. Use the high-
est power objectives and turn the zoom to its maximum magnification.
2. Place dial gauge in contact with this eyepiece so that it will monitor the move-
ment of the eyepiece along the optical axis.
3. Adjust the gauge to obtain a dial indicator value of "0". Record this value on
the data sheet.
4. Turn the eyepiece focus adjustment to its highest position.
5. Record the difference between the two dial gauge values as the distance Y.
6. Convert the units of Y to meters, where 1 in. = 0. 0254 meter.
7. Compute the distances X and X' using the formulas
X. = 4MQ Y-10+(100+16.414 Y)/
1
1
where X and X'are, respectively, the negative and positive eyepiece displacements
in meters corresponding to equal positive and negative limits of eyepiece adjustment
in diopters; the value Al is the eyepiece magnification.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
8. Convert the units of X'to inches, where 1 meter = 39. 37 in.
9. Subtract the value of Y obtained in step 8 from the dial gauge value obtained
in step 5.
10. Turn the eyepiece focus adjustment to the focus position corresponding to the
dial gauge value calculated by step 9. This eyepiece should now be in a position cor-
responding to a mean focus position. The maximum allowable movement in either
direction from this point is equivalent in terms of diopters.
11. Remove dial gauge and place the adjusted* diopter telescope on this eyepiece.
Do not change adjustable focus position of this eyepiece throughout the remaining steps.
12. Focus, using the instrument focus control, on the glass target through the
adjusted diopter telescope.
14. Focus, using only the focus adjustment of this eyepiece, on the glass target
through the adjusted diopter telescope.
15. Place the dial gauge in contact with this adjustable eyepiece so that it will
monitor the movement of the eyepiece along the optical axis.
16. Adjust the gauge to obtain a dial indicator value of "0". Record this value on
the data sheet.
18. Record the distance traveled as the negative value of X. This distance is the
difference between the initial dial value (step 16) and this dial gauge value.
19. Turn the eyepiece focus adjustment to its highest position and record the dial
gauge value.
20. Record the difference between the final gauge value and the initial gauge value
(step 16) as the positive value of .1 '.
I TTT-1 -11
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
iCIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
22. Calculate the limits of eyepiece travel, in diopters, from the position of par-
focalization between the optical trains, using the following formula:
D = M - M/0.25
0.25 + M X
D' = M - M/0.25
0.25+MX'
where D is the positive limit of eyepiece adjustment in diopters.
D' is the negative limit of eyepiece adjustment in diopters.
M is the magnification of the eyepiece.
X is the negative eyepiece displacement in meters.
X' is the positive eyepiece displacement in meters.
The accuracy depends upon the operator, the eyepiece magnification, and the dial
gauge. A value of 0. 1 diopter is anticipated.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
'CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Focus changes due to optical train rotation (such as the rotation of rhomboid arms).
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A suitable target, preferably a high-resolution target (TKC-10).
2. Dial gauge (0. 001 in.) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
3. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
4. Data sheet for Focus Test No. 6 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Use an eyepiece furnished with the instrument (10X or the closest to this), and the
highest power objective that can be used with the arm being tested (some arms and
objectives may be a single integral unit). If the instrument has more than one arm,
each must be individually tested. Turn the zoom adjustment (if there is one) to its
highest magnification. Each right optical train will be tested with the arm in the three
positions 12, 3, and 6. Each left optical train will be tested with the arm in the three
positions 12, 9, and 6 (see Figure 1). If the 6 or 12 positions cannot be attained in the
instrument, then maximum clockwise and counterclockwise positions will be used and
their approximate locations noted on the data sheet.
1. The arm being tested is first rotated to either the 3 or 9 position (depending
on whether it is a right or left arm). It is then focused on the target by means of the
instrument focus control while viewing with the aid of an adjusted* diopter telescope.
2. Bring dial indicator into contact with a surface that will move with further
focus adjustments.
3. Adjust the gauge to obtain a dial indicator value of "0". Record this value on
the data sheet.
*Adjustment and directions for the use of a diopter telescope are contained in Section II.
1 III-1-13
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
4. Rotate arm to the 12 position and refocus, on the target, using the instrument
focus control while viewing through the diopter telescope.
5.
Record the change in the dial indicator reading from the "0" position.
6.
Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the arm in the 6 position.
7.
Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the other arm.
8.
Convert all dial gauge values to metric units where 0. 001 in. =
25. 4 micro-
meters.
D. ACCURACY
The accuracy depends upon the operator and the instrument's depth of field. How-
ever, with practice, t 0. 001 in. should be obtainable at the higher magnifications.
III-1-14
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION RESOLUTION TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Maximum on-axis resolution
Note: Refer to "Reading Resolution Bar-Targets" in Section II.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Resolution target (TKC-10 or TKC-11).
2. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
3. Data sheet for Resolution Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The highest instrument magnification is to be selected. This includes, where
applicable, the highest zoom magnification, the highest power objective, and the high-
est power eyepiece supplied with the instrument. For instruments with rotatable
rhomboid or other types of rotatable extension arms, the arms are to remain in either
the 3 or 9 position throughout the test. Each optical train will be viewed and evaluated
separately.
1. Adjust* the diopter telescope to standardize the user's vision.
2. Illuminate the target as recommended by the manufacturer for normal imagery.
3. Place the high-resolution elements so that the position of the highest resolution
element that can be resolved will be near the center of the field of view.
4. Focus on the resolution target, using the instrument focus control, while view-
5. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
6. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 2 through 5 on the other optical train.
Note: The same eye must be used for all measurements.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION RESOLUTION TEST NO. 2
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Resolution versus magnification (or empty magnification check)
Note: Refer to "Reading Resolution Bar-Targets" in Section H.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Resolution target (TKC-10 or TKC-11).
2. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
3. Data sheet for Resolution Test No. 2 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The highest instrument magnification is to be selected. This includes, where
applicable, the highest zoom magnification, the highest power objective, and the high-
est power eyepiece supplied with the instrument. For instruments with rotatable rhom-
boid or other type of rotatable extension arms, the arms are to remain in either the
3 or 9 position throughout the test.
3. Place the high-resolution elements so that the position of the highest resolu-
tion element that can be resolved will be near the center of the field of view.
4. Focus on the resolution target, using the instrument focus control, while view-
ing through the diopter telescope.
5. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
6. Repeat steps 3 through 5 for every combination of components that control the
instrument's magnification. This includes all objectives and selected discrete values
111-2-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
:CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
of zoom magnification (five are recommended) covering the entire zoom range.
7. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 2 through 6 on the other optical train.
Note: The same eye must be used for all measurements.
1
I III-2-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION RESOLUTION TEST NO. 3
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Off-axis resolution in instruments with fixed-position objectives*
Note: Refer to "Reading Resolution Bar-Targets" in Section II.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Resolution target, preferably one with both horizontal and vertical bar pat-
terns. Otherwise, the target must be rotated in order to evaluate both tangential and
sagittal resolution (TKC-10 or TKC-11).
Note: Loss of resolution off-axis is normally attributable to two qualities. First,
a lens is normally optimized for maximum resolution on or near the optical axis at
the sacrifice of resolution off-axis. Secondly, the best focus of the image of a flat
object is sometimes a curved surface. Thus, lack of field flatness can contribute to
an apparent loss of resolution off-axis.
For viewing instruments such as the microscope, the eye can accommodate a cer-
tain depth of field or field curvature with no loss of resolution. However, the use of
the diopter telescope removes most of the eye's accommodation for depth of field.
Thus, although the diopter telescope would enhance the resolution capability of an eye
for images sharply in focus, it might actually decrease the ability of the eye to resolve
slightly out-of-focus off-axis images. It is therefore important that, when examining
off-axis imagery in relation to on-axis imagery, the diopter telescope is not used. It
is true that on-axis resolution figures from this test may in some cases not agree with
the maximum values obtained in previous tests. However, the relation between on-
axis and off-axis resolution will be more representative of actual instrument perfor-
mance when evaluated in this manner.
*Instruments in which the objective (once in place) cannot be rotated or displaced with-
out removing it from the optical path.
r
i
t
III-2-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
I
I
The resolution will be evaluated for all eyepiece and objective combinations at
maximum zoom magnification (if the instrument has zoom capability). In addition,
if there is a zoom mechanism, its effect on off-axis resolution will be determined by
readings taken at 5 preselected zoom magnifications, covering the entire zoom range,
while using the highest power objective and the highest power eyepiece. Each optical
train will be viewed and evaluated separately. Select the optical components and
zoom setting that yield the highest instrument magnification.
2. Place resolution target in position "A" as shown in Figure 2. The target, if
not specifically designed to cover the format, will require movement to each of the
off-axis positions.
4. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 4 for the positions B, T, L, and R, as shown in Figure 2.
Do not refocus.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each of the four remaining zoom magnifications.
(Omit this step if the instrument does not have zoom magnification capability. )
7. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each of the remaining combinations of objectives
and eyepieces at the maximum zoom magnification.
8. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 2 through 7 on the other optical train.
The same eye must be used for all measurements.
Note: Tangential and sagittal resolution values will be obtained for each of the off-
axis format positions. Also, the focus should be adjusted only for the "A" position and
not for the other format positions.
.^ TTT-2-S
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Each of the off-axis positions L, R, T, and B is to be approximately 0.8
of the distance from the center to the edge of the field of view.
Figure 2. Format Locations For Resolution Measurements
TTT_9_F
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION RESOLUTION TEST NO. 4
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Off-axis resolution in instruments with rotatable objective arms.
Note: Refer to "Reading Resolution Bar-Targets" in Section II.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Resolution target, preferably one with both horizontal and vertical bar pat-
terns. Otherwise, the target must be rotated in order to evaluate both tangential and
sagittal resolution (TKC-10 or TKC-11).
Note: Loss of resolution off-axis is normally attributable to two qualities. First,
a lens is normally optimized for maximum resolution on or near the optical axis at the
sacrifice of resolution off-axis. Secondly, the best focus of the image of a flat object
is sometimes a curved surface. Thus, lack of field flatness can contribute to an appar-
ent loss of resolution off-axis.
For viewing instruments such as the microscope, the eye can accommodate a cer-
tain depth of field or field curvature with no loss of resolution. However, the use of
the diopter telescope removes most of the eye's accommodation for depth of field.
Thus, although the diopter telescope would enhance the resolution capability of an eye
for images sharply in focus, it might actually decrease the ability of the eye to resolve
slightly out-of-focus off-axis images. It is therefore important that, when examining
off-axis imagery in relation to on-axis imagery, the diopter telescope is not used. It
is true that on-axis resolution figures from this test may in some cases not agree with
the maximum values obtained in previous tests. However, the relation between on-
axis and off-axis resolution will be more representative of actual instrument perfor-
mance when evaluated in this manner.
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
C. PROCEDURE
The resolution will be evaluated for all eyepiece and objective combinations at
maximum zoom magnification (if the instrument has zoom capability). In addition,
if there is a zoom mechanism, its effect on off-axis resolution will be determined by
readings taken at 5 preselected zoom magnifications, covering the entire zoom range,
while using the highest power objective and the highest power eyepiece. Each optical
train will be viewed and evaluated separately.
Select the optical components and zoom setting that yield the highest instrument
magnification and attach and rotate one arm to either the 3 or the 9 position (see Fig-
ure 1).
2. Place resolution target in position "A" as shown in Figure 2. The target, if
not specifically designed to cover the format, will require movement to each of the off-
axis positions.
3. Focus on the target using the instrument focus control.
4. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 4 for the positions B, T, L, and R, as shown in Figure 2.
Do not refocus.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each of the four remaining zoom magnifications.
(Omit this step if the instrument does not have zoom magnification capability. )
7. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each of the remaining combinations of arms,
objectives, and eyepieces for the same optical train.
8. Again, select the optical components that yield the highest instrument magni-
fication and attach and rotate the same arm to the 12 position (see Figure 1).
III-2-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
11. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 1 through 10 on the other optical
train. The same eye must be used for all measurements.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION DISTORTION TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Stereo image distortion
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Two square grids (distortion free) that will fill the field-of-view of the instru-
ment. They should provide at least 10 grid lines in each direction within the field-of-
view (TKC-7 or TKC-8).
2. Clear glass plate (TKC-36).
3. Data sheet for Distortion Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
This test is very subjective and, thus, will not be outlined following the numerical
This test is to be applied to stereoscopic or hyperstereoscopic instruments only.
Stereomicroscopes require the use of only a single target grid. Microstereoscopes
require two target grids to be used, one for each optical axis. The targets should be
rotated and adjusted until, when viewing with both eyes, the images from the two opti-
cal trains can be fused easily by the user. The instrument should be evaluated in a
variety of configurations varying the eyepieces, objectives and zoom magnification
(where applicable). Since such variations will probably vary the field-of-view over a
considerable range, it may be necessary to use more than one pair of grids with dif-
ferent size squares in order to completely test a single instrument.
This test is designed not to detect an absolute amount of distortion, but,rather, a
difference in distortion between the left and right optical trains. A difference in distor-
tion will cause a slight difference in the spatial configuration of the two images of the
two grids. This difference will produce a false sense of depth in the flat grids. Thus,
if at any magnification the grid appears to be a curved surface rather than a flat one,
the apparent contour of the surface should be described and the instrument component
configuration should be recorded.
111-3-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
^
If the grid (when viewed stereoscopically) appears flat at all magnifications, it
shall be reported that the instrument has no apparent stereo distortion. It is recom-
mended that several experienced observers perform this test on an instrument since
the evaluation is both highly subjective and qualitative. It should be noted that this
test, in contrast to most of the others, involves binocular viewing. Most other tests
evaluate a single optical train at a time.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION' DISTORTION TEST NO. 2
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Subjective optical train distortion
B. EQUIPMENT
1. One square grid target (distortion free) that will fill the field-of-view of the
instrument. It should provide at least 10 grid lines in each direction within the field-
of-view (TKC-5, TKC-7, or TKC-8).
2. An eyepiece compatible with the instrument and containing a grid reticle. The
square grid reticle should be selected to provide a compatible overlay to the square grid
target at the instrument magnification selected (TKC-2 and TKC-5, or TKC-6).
Note: The square grid reticle, TKC-5, can be utilized as either a reticle or a
grid target for high instrument magnification values.
This test is very subjective and, therefore, will not be outlined following the numer-
ical format used in previous tests.
This test is to be applied to each individual optical train. The grid target or the
eyepiece, with its enclosed grid reticle, should be rotated and adjusted until the eye-
piece reticle aligns with the grid target. Note that an exact superposition of the eye-
piece reticle to the grid target may not be possible due to the presence of instrument
distortion or to a change in scale due to the instrument's magnification value.
The instrument should be evaluated in a variety of configurations which vary the
objectives, optical prisms and arms, and zoom magnification (where applicable). Since
such variations will probably vary the field-of-view over a considerable range, it may
be necessary to use more than one grid target.
1
111-3-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
This test is designed to subjectively determine the presence or absence of distor-
tion in each optical train of the instrument rather than quantitatively measure the magni-
tude of distortion. The presence of distortion will cause a spatial mismatch between
the grid target and the grid reticle that changes across the field-of-view of the instru-
ment. The mismatch will be emphasized by curved grid target lines with respect to the
I grid reticle and will probably be most noticeable along the edge of the instrument's field-
of-view. If at any value of magnification this mismatch in the grid overlays occurs, the
apparent contour of the superimposed grids should be described and the instrument com-
ponent configuration should be recorded.
If the superimposed grids do not emphasize curved grid lines, then it shall be
reported that the instrument has no apparent optical train distortion. It is recommended
that several experienced observers perform this test on an instrument since the test is
both highly subjective and qualitative.
. III-3-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ASTIGMATISM TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Subjective optical train astigmatism
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Crossline astigmatism target (TKC-12).
2. Diopter telescope (TKC-1).
3. Dial gauge (0. 001 in.) and adjustable stand (TKC-20).
4. Data sheet for Astigmatism Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The highest instrument magnification is to be selected. This includes, where
applicable, the highest zoom magnification, the highest power objective, and the high-
est power eyepiece supplied with the instrument. For instruments with rotatable rhom-
boid or other type of rotatable extension arms, the arms are to remain in either the 3
or 9 position throughout the test.
1. Illuminate the target as recommended by the instrument manufacturer for
normal imagery.
2. Position the center crossline of the target at the center of the instrument's
field-of-view.
3. Focus on the center crossline of the target using the instrument focus control.
If a difference between the best focus for the vertical and horizontal crosslines is
noticed in some areas of the field-of-view, then astigmatism is present in the instru-
ment and the remaining steps in this test must be carefully followed. If, however,
no difference in the best focus for the vertical and horizontal crosslines is noticed in
any areas of the field-of-view, then record the absence of astigmatism on the data sheet
and proceed to step 11.
4. Note position of crosslines that indicate astigmatism (see Figure 5 on page
III-17-4).
III-4-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
6. Refocus on the center horizontal crossline of the target, using the instrument
focus control, while viewing through the diopter telescope.
7. Place the dial gauge in contact with a surface on the instrument that will move
with the focus control and adjust the gauge to a dial indicator value of "0".
8. Focus on the center vertical crossline of the target, using the instrument
focus control, while viewing through the diopter telescope.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 9 for each of the crosslines that indicated the presence
of astigmatism as recorded in step 4.
11. Repeat testing procedure, starting with step 2, for any other optical trains.
If all optical trains have been previously tested, then proceed to step 12.
13. Repeat steps 2 through 12 for each of the instrument's remaining objectives,
extension arms, and eyepieces.
meters.
D. ACCURACY
This is a subjective, user-oriented test and the accuracy cannot be specified.
*Adjustments and directions for use of a diopter telescope are contained in Section II.
I FIT-4-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ALIGNMENT TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Image decentration through rotatable optical components; parcentration.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A crossline target with crosslines of 50-micron width or less (TKC-12).
2. An eyepiece compatible with the instrument and containing a reticle accurately
centered in the eyepiece with concentric rings in 0. 5-mm diameter increments or less,
ranging from 0. 5-mm diameter or less to 12-mm diameter (TKC-2 and TKC-4).
This test is to be applied to a single optical train of an instrument with a rotatable
optical component. The component (such as a pechan prism) may provide the ability
within an instrument to rotate the images presented to each eyepiece (in binocular
instruments) either simultaneously, independently, or both. The test may in general
be applied to any optical component through which the image passes and which can be
rotated about the optical axis.
The zoom magnification is also arbitrary; however, it must be recorded and not
changed throughout the test. It is not necessary to test the system with other combina-
tions of zoom or objective magnifications.
1. Focus a single optical train, using the instrument focus control, on the cross-
line target. The target must be positioned so that its image is superimposed on the
center of the eyepiece reticle.
2. While observing this image, rotate the member being tested a complete 360?,
or to the extremities of its movement in both the counterclockwise and clockwise direc-
tions if this is less than 360? of rotation. A displacement of the center of the crossline
with respect to the center of the reticle is image decentration.
1
III-5-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
[CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
3. Measure the amount of decentration to the nearest reticle ring and record at
each 45? increment of rotation. In addition to the magnitude, the approximate direc-
tion of the image displacement with respect to the reticle should be recorded. Note
that components such as pechan prisms will rotate the target; this is not to be confused
with a linear displacement.
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 for the other optical train on binocular instruments.
D. ACCURACY
The accuracy, as measured in the eyepiece focal plane, should be f the difference
in the radii of any two adjacent rings in the eyepiece reticle or 0. 5 mm.
1 111-5-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
'CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ALIGNMENT TEST NO. 2
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Zoom image shift and jump, or zoom parcentration
B. EQUIPMENT
1. A crossline target with crosslines of 50-micron width or less (TKC-12).
2. An eyepiece compatible with the instrument and containing a reticle with both
a horizontal and a vertical scale crossed at the center. Each scale should be a mini-
mum of 5 mm in length and have a precision (smallest division) of 0. 1 mm or smaller
(TKC-2 and TKC-3).
3. Data sheet for Alignment Test No. 2 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The instrument zoom is to be turned to its highest magnification. Choice of objec-
tives is arbitrary but must be recorded.
1. Focus the instrument sharply on the crossline target and move the target to
align exactly with the cross scale eyepiece reticle (the reticle scales should appear
approximately vertical and horizontal).
2. While viewing the target, turn the zoom control to obtain minimum magnifica-
tion. Record any displacement of the target crosslines, with respect to the reticle
scales, in terms of the X and Y components. Also, record the zoom magnification
setting for each measurement displacement. Systems equipped with selectable dis-
crete magnification relay lenses should be evaluated at each discrete magnification
level.
3. Change the direction of the zoom control rotation and closely observe the
crossline target. Any abrupt shift or jump in the image position associated with the
change in direction should be recorded in terms of its direction and approximate magni-
tude. This particular phase of this test does not apply to systems with discrete relay
magnifications.
111-5-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Note: Some difficulty maybe experienced in zoom or other relay systems that are
not exactly parfocalized. In running from one end of the zoom to the other, the image
may go out of focus. If this happens, it may be difficult to measure the position of the
defocused image. In this case, make a note of the difficulty and make a best estimate
of the position of the defocused image. Refocusing the instrument adds another vari-
able to the experiment and should be avoided unless it is absolutely impossible to esti-
mate the position any other way.
The accuracy will be determined by the accuracy of the reticle, 0. 1 mm or better,
if the instrument is exactly parfocalized. However, some lack of parfocalization may
exist and thus make it impossible to predict the accuracy on some instruments.
. III-5-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ALIGNMENT TEST NO. 3
Phoria
Note: Phoria is an anomaly of stereomicro scopes and binocular microscopes
where only a single object is viewed. Instruments that can be used as microstereo-
scopes and also as stereomicro scopes should be operated in the stereomicro scope con-
figuration during this test.
2. An eyepiece compatible with the instrument and containing a reticle with both
a horizontal and a vertical scale crossed at the center. These scales should be a
minimum of 5 mm in length each and have a precision (smallest division) of 0. 1 mm
or smaller (TKC-2 and TKC-3).
3. Data sheet for Alignment Test No. 3 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The objective selection is arbitrary but must be recorded. Zoom magnification
1. Place eyepiece in the right ocular. If this is a focusable ocular, place the
eyepiece in the other ocular. If both oculars are focusable, initiate the test by placing
the eyepiece in the right ocular and position ocular at its approximate midpoint position.
2. Using the instrument control, focus the optical train containing the eyepiece
and reticle on the crossline target. Make sure that the image of the target is not
rotated with respect to the target. If it is, rotate the pechan prism to correct the
image orientation. Then adjust the location of the target to a vertical and horizontal
position and superimpose it on the eyepiece reticle cross scales.
3. Move the eyepiece (and reticle) to the other ocular and use the eyepiece focus
adjustment to bring the image of the target in sharp focus. Check the orientation of
1[1-5-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
the image without moving the target. If necessary, rotate the pechan prism to correct
the image orientation to horizontal and vertical position.
4. Rotate the eyepiece so that the image crosslines and the reticle cross scales
are either overlaid or parallel.
5. Record any linear displacement of the center of the crossline image with
respect to the reticle cross scales in terms of the X and Y distances displaced.
Note: Although it is not likely, some instruments may not be provided with the
ability to rotate the image in one optical train with respect to the other. If this is the
case, any rotational displacement of one image with respect to the other must be mea-
sured in addition to any linear displacement. To do this, two eyepieces and two reticles
are required.
The first eyepiece reticle should have a crossline through the center and 360? pro-
tractor scale around the circumference (1? increments should be sufficient). The right
ocular should contain the eyepiece with this reticle. The left ocular should contain an
eyepiece with simply a crossline reticle. Without a target, the operator must look
through both oculars stereoscopically and rotate the two eyepieces until the reticle
crosslines appear to be overlaid. exactly (the eyes can easily fuse the two images
into one). Once this adjustment has been made, the eyepieces must not be rotated
during the remainder of the test. Then, looking through the left eyepiece only, focus
on the target and place it so that its image exactly lines up with the left eyepiece
reticle crosslines. Next, without moving the target, view through the right optical
train and record (in degrees) any rotational disparity between the image crosslines
and the right eyepiece reticle.
D. ACCURACY
The accuracy depends on the operator's skill. It is estimated that, with some
practice, the measurement will be correct to within t 0. 1 mm.
^ 111-5-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ALIGNMENT TEST NO. 4
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Vignetting of optical trains
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Transparent or translucent scale determined by the field-of-view.
Field-of-View TKC
Less than 5. O mm 13 or 15
5.O mm to 10.Oram 3
10.0 mm to 20.0 mm 14, 16 or 17
20.0 mm to 50.0 mm 14, 16 or 17
2. Data sheet for Alignment Test No. 4 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The lowest power eyepiece, preferably a wide-field eyepiece, supplied with the
instrument must be used throughout the test. Place any zoom capability of the instru-
ment at its lowest setting. (Each selectable discrete relay magnification should
be evaluated separately.)
2. Switch the illumination level of the instrument to its highest value. It is not
necessary to focus the instrument.
3. View one optical train while rotating each movable component. Take note of
any displacement in the edges of the field-of-view. If vignetting occurs through the
rotation of a component, the appearance of the field will change similarly to that shown
in Figure 3. Visually determine the positions of the rotatable elements when vignetting
appears most pronounced.
4. Measure the field-of-view, using the appropriate scale, in the directions shown
in Figure 3. These figures represent the amount of vignetting.
1
1
JII-5-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the other optical train.
6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each pair of extension arms, objectives, and
alternate attachments.
The accuracy depends on the precision of the scale. Since vignetting has a much
smaller value than the total field-of-view, the accuracy will be less, on a percentage
basis, than the field-of-view measurement. However, the mere detection of vignetting
is frequently sufficient and thus the accuracy of this measurement should not be con-
sidered critical.
111-5-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION PARALLAX TEST NO. 1
Note: This test is intended to provide a subjective method of measuring annoying
parallax that creates an apparent height difference between the object imagery and
some pointer, fiducial mark, or other reference point or scale internal to the instru-
ment which should appear to be in the same plane as the imagery. In addition to eye-
piece reticles, this includes movable and fixed pointers, internal to the instrument,
used to specify particular locations in the field-of-view. Most instruments provide
ways in which parallax from such devices, particularly eyepieces, can be removed.
However, there are some systems in which (under certain conditions) parallax cannot
be conveniently removed through normal operation. One such instance might occur
when adjustments can be made to eliminate parallax at a fixed zoom magnification but
not for other zoom magnifications without readjustment.
1. Suitable target scale (0. 1-mm divisions or smaller) or stage micrometer of
similar precision (TKC-13 or TKC-15).
A check for parallax must be made under typical operating conditions after having
first removed any residual parallax according to the manufacturer's operating and
maintenance manual.
2. To detect parallax, move one eye across the exit pupil of the eyepiece (across
the field-of-view) and observe any relative motion between the pointer, reference mark,
or fiducial mark and the scale on the target.
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
LCIA-RDP79B00873A00080001 OO14-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 for the other optical train.
D. ACCURACY
Since this is purely a subjective determination, it is not possible to clearly specify
accuracy in this test.
111-6-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Instrument magnification exclusive of eyepieces.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Eyepiece compatible with instrument to be tested and equipped with calibrated
10-mm reticle scale divided into 0. 1-mm increments (TKC-2 and TKC-3).
2. Stage micrometer or other calibrated scale.
Magnification (exclusive of eyepiece) TKC
Less than 1. 4 14
1. 4 to 3. 2 13
Greater than 3. 2 13 or 15
The magnification must be measured in each optical train separately and for all
combinations of objectives and each of 3 preselected zoom magnifications (if a zoom
is incorporated). The zoom magnifications selected must contain both the maximum
and the minimum magnification levels provided by that device, and one other magnifica-
tion level.
1. Place eyepiece and reticle in one optical train.
2. Focus optical train on the target scale or stage micrometer.
3. Adjust position of target until its image is superimposed on the reticle scale
along the length of the scales.
U 4. Record the length of overlap for each scale. The ratio of the length of overlap
on the reticle scale to the length of overlap on the target scale is equal to the magnifica-
tion.
I *Eyepiece magnification measurements require sophisticated laboratory environments
and procedures which are beyond the scope of the manual.
I 111- 7-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
D. ACCURACY
With the scales indicated in the equipment section (Par. B above) the accuracy
should be better than 2 percent for all magnifications (exclusive of the eyepiece) between
0. 3X and 15. OX.
III-7-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION NUMERICAL APERTURE TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Numerical aperture (N. A. ) of a single optical train.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Pinhole circular aperture. Should be in material of thickness between 0. 002
in. and 0. 003 in. and the diameter should be between 0. 0075 in. and 0. 0150 in.
2. Target scale (TKC-3, TKC-13 or TKC-14).
3. Handheld magnifier lOX or higher or an eyepiece (TKC-2 or TKC-33).
4. A stand to hold the pinhole on the instrument stage between 1. 25 and 1. 75 in.
above the glass scale.
5. Data sheet for Numerical Aperture Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
The procedure to be followed will determine the numerical aperture using the equip-
ment set up as shown in Figure 5. The choice of eyepieces is arbitrary although the
same eyepiece should be used throughout the test.
1. Select the appropriate glass scale, from those given below, and place it on
the instrument substage.
N. A.
Range TKC
1
t
3 or 13
3 or 14
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1 ' '~' i
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
1
4. Focus one optical train of the instrument on the pinhole aperture. Do not
refocus the instrument until reaching step 9.
5. Using the auxiliary handheld magnifier, examine the exit pupil of the instru-
ment's eyepiece for the optical train being tested. The glass scale will come into view
when the eye and the magnifier are properly aligned along the optical axis (the glass
scale on the substage may also require alignment).
8. Calculate the numerical aperture using the formula:
N.A. = N sin 0
In air: N 1.0
0 tan-' ST
T P-0
9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 for all objectives available with the instrument and
at both the maximum and minimum zoom magnifications for each objective. If instru-
ment incorporates selectable discrete magnification relay lenses, repeat steps 1
through 8 for all combinations of objectives and relay lenses.
The accuracy will depend to a certain extent on the person performing this test.
However, with practice, accuracy should be better than 2 percent for N. A. between
0. 065 and 0. 26, using the 10-mm scale. To increase the accuracy for numerical aper-
tures less than 0. 065, a 5-mm scale with 100 divisions of 0.01 mm each can be used
to provide 2 percent accuracy or better down to a N. A. = 0. 0325. For N. A. greater
than 0. 26, the longest scale would have to be used.
i III-8-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION FIELD-OF-VIEW TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Field-of-view by direct measurement
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Appropriate transparent or translucent scale according to chart:
Field-of-View TKC
Less than 5 mm 13. or 15
5.0 mm to 10.0 mm 3
10.0 mm to 20.0 mm 14, 16 or 17
20.0 mm to 50.0 mm 14, 16 or 17
2. Data sheet for Field-of-View Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
1. Place the most precise scale that will extend across the entire field-of-view
onto the instrument stage.
2. Bring the scale into sharp focus and position it in the center of the field of one
of the optical trains.
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 for every combination of objective, eyepiece and
maximum and minimum zoom magnifications.. Instruments containing discrete select-
able magnification relay.lenses should be tested at every combination of objective,
relay and eyepiece lenses.
5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 for the other optical train.
6. If an English scale is used, convert to millimeters where 1 in. = 25. 4 mm.
D. ACCURACY
Determined by the scale precision. The scales suggested in the equipment should
provide a minimum of 1. 5 percent accuracy.
111-9-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ILLUMINATION TEST NO. 1
I
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Illumination measurement of large-area diffuse sources
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Weston Master V Universal Exposure Meter (TKC-25)*.
2. Data sheet for Illumination Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The purpose of this test is to obtain an approximate measure of the illumination
level of microstereoscope light sources, such as light tables. An additional purpose
is to determine the uniformity of the illumination across the surface of the source.
1. Set source illumination level as specified by the instrument's manufacturer for
normal viewing operation.
2. Place Weston meter on instrument's light table in a position corresponding to
the center of the field-of-view of the instrument.
Note:
a. The photoelectric cell of the meter must be parallel to the light
table surface.
b. The hinged baffle** should be initially closed to utilize the highest
light scale.
3. Depress pointer lock** button, located on the right side of light scale, and
record the meter light-scale reading.
Note:
a. The meter light scale must always face the same direction for all readings
taken. The preferred direction is towards the front of the instrument.
*Refer to the General Testing Guidelines for the Illumination Meter, Section II-B,
pg. 11-7.
. 111-10-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
b. If the light-scale reading is below a value of 10, open the hinged baffle
to obtain the lowest light scale and record this scale reading.
5. Convert all meter light-scale readings to foot-candles using the meter's
Calibration Conversion Chart.
The accuracy of this test is dependent upon the accuracy of the values given in the
Calibration Conversion Chart.
1
111-10-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Spectral filter effects on resolution
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Spectral filters (TKC-29).
2. Resolution target (TKC-10).
3. Data sheet for Spectral Filter Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Spectral effects will be evaluated using a test similar to Resolution Test No. 2.
However, the instrument resolution will now be determined for the three spectral filters
and the diopter telescope will not be used.
Select the optical components and zoom setting that yield the highest instrument
magnification and attach and rotate one arm to either the 3 or the 9 position (see Fig-
ure 1, pg. 111-1-2).
2. Illuminate resolution target as recommended by the manufacturer for normal
imagery.
Note: The base of the resolution target may have to come in contact with the
spectral filter. Do not place spectral filter in contact with resolution target emulsion.
train.
4. Focus on the target using the instrument focus control.
5. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each of the two remaining filters.
. 111-11-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for each of the remaining combinations of eyepieces,
objectives, and extension arms for the right optical train.
8. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 1 through 7 on the other optical train.
The same eye must be used for all measurements.
Note: Do not attempt to compare the resolution values obtained in this test to those
obtained in Resolution Test No. 2. There may be a difference between these resolution
values due to the transmission properties of the spectral filters. Instead, compare the
resolution values (of this test) obtained for each of the spectral filters for identical
instrument component setups.
Since this is a subjective test, these differences in resolution values can only be
used to indicate the general ability of the instrument and the operator to distinguish
fine detail in these broad spectral regions.
I11-11-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Polarization effects on resolution
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Polarizing filter (TKC-28).
2. Resolution target (TKC-10).
3. Data sheet for Polarization Test No. 1.
C. PROCEDURE
Polarization effects will be evaluated using a test similar to Resolution Test No. 4.
However, the instrument resolution will now be determined for several orientations of
the polarizing filter using all combinations of the optical train extension arms.
Select the optical components and zoom setting that yield the highest instrument
magnification and attach and rotate one arm to either the 3 or the 9 position (see Fig-
ure 1, pg. M-1-2).
1. Orient polarizing filter over instrument light source so that polarization axis*
is parallel to operator (i. e. , horizontal position).
2. Illuminate resolution target as recommended by the manufacturer for normal
imagery.
Note: The base of the resolution target may have to come in contact with the
polarizing filter. Do not place polarizing filter in contact with resolution target emul-
sion.
*See orientation label on target.
. III-12-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
5. Read and record the largest resolution elements that are just resolved in the
tangential and sagittal directions.
6. Rotate the polarization filter 90?, without rotating the resolution target, and
repeat steps 3 through 5.
7. Repeat steps 3 through 5 at several other orientations of the polarizing filter
without changing the orientation of the resolution target.
8. Repeat steps 3 through 7 for each of the remaining combinations of arms for
the right optical train.
9. Repeat steps 3 through 8 with each of the arms in the 12 position (see Figure 1).
10. Repeat steps 3 through 8 with each of the arms in the 6 position (see Figure 1).
11. For binocular instruments, repeat steps 1 through 10 on the other optical train.
The same eye must be used for all measurements.
Note: Do not attempt to compare the resolution values obtained in this test to
those obtained in Resolution Test No. 4. There may be a difference between these
resolution values due to the transmission properties of the polarizing filters. Instead,
compare the resolution values (of this test) obtained at the various polarizing filter
orientations for identical instrument component setups. Differences in the resolution
values are due to the polarization effects of some instrument components.
111-12-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Interpupillary distance for binocular instruments using handheld scale
B. EQUIPMENT
1. 10-cm scale on ground glass in 2-mm divisions (TKC-14).
2. Data sheet for Interpupillary Distance Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
Switch the illumination to its highest intensity. No target is necessary, although
if the illumination is not diffuse, focus the instrument on the stage.
1. Move the ocular separation adjustment to obtain maximum separation of the
oculars.
2. Hold the ground glass scale above the eyepieces and adjust its height to obtain
the sharply focused images of the two exit pupils. These images will be two small
(approximately 2-mm diameter) circular spots of light. The appropriate height will
be the eye relief of the eyepiece. This height (the distance along the optical axis from
the top of the eyepiece to the exit pupil) will usually be between 1/4 in. and 1 in.
3. Measure the distance between the centers of the exit pupils on the scale and
record as the maximum interpupillary distance.
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 with the ocular separation adjustment closed to obtain
the minimum ocular separation. This recorded value is the minimum interpupillary
distance.
Note: This experiment does not depend on which objectives, eyepieces and zoom
magnifications are used. However, more light is available at lower magnifications
and might be helpful.
I IH-13-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
The accuracy of this test depends not only.on the scale precision, but also on the
ability of the person performing the test to hold the scale still while reading the loca-
tions of both images. It is anticipated that 3 or 4 percent should be attained with a
little practice.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
TT'-' _"
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
t
^
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Eye relief of an instrument using the handheld method.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Ground glasss or opal glass screen (TKC-37).
2. Six-inch machinist scale,. with precision of 1. 0 mm or better (TKC-17).
3. Data sheet for Eye Relief Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
Switch the instrument illumination to its highest intensity. No target is necessary,
although if the illumination is not diffuse, the instrument should be focused approxi-
mately at the stage. Set the magnification of the instrument to its highest value. (Com-
bine the highest power objective with the highest value of zoom magnification. )
1. Hold the ground or opal glass above the eyepiece and adjust its height until
the image of the exit pupil is in sharp focus on the imaging surface of the glass. Note:
The imaging surface must be directed down toward the eyepiece.
2. Measure the distance, parallel to the optical axis, from the exit pupil image
to the highest surface of the eyepiece, using the machinist scale. This distance is the
eye relief of the eyepiece.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with the instrument set at its minimum magnification.
Note: The maximum magnification will normally produce the minimum eye relief for
a particular eyepiece and the minimum magnification will normally produce the maxi-
mum eye relief. Some eyepieces will have an eye relief that does not vary appreciably
with magnification. The maximum and minimum eye relief of each eyepiece should be
recorded and each eyepiece need only be evaluated on a single optical train.
The accuracy of this test depends not only on the scale precision, but also on the
ability of the person performing the test to hold the scale still while reading the loca-
tions of both images.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION WORKING DISTANCE TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Working distance between objective and substage.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. An inexpensive or expendable target or any such target that can be easily
focused upon (TKC-7 or TKC-14).
2. Dial gauge and adjustable stand. (A dial gauge, accurate to 0. 001 in. , is
recommended for working distances less than 0. 2 in. and a small vernier height
gauge, accurate to 0. 01 in. , is recommended for working distances greater than
2. 0 in. (TKC-19 or TKC-20).
Set the magnification of the instrument to its highest value. (Combine highest
power objective and eyepiece with the maximum zoom magnification setting).
1. Place target on substage with the emulsion, chrome, or other image surface
toward the objective.
2. Lower the instrument's optical train, using its focus control, until the objec-
tive just contacts the surface of the target.
Caution: This assumes that the objective lens surface is recessed behind the
objective's metal rim. The lens surface must not touch the target.
3. Place the dial gauge in contact with a surface on the instrument that will move
with the optical train.
r
111-15-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
6. Record the dial gauge reading. The difference between this value and the
initial value is the working distance.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for all remaining objectives supplied by the manu-
facturer.
8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 at the lowest magnification of the eyepiece and mini-
mum zoom setting . _
Note: The mechanical design of some instruments may limit the travel of the
optical train so that the objective cannot be placed in contact with the object plane.
In this case, lower the optical train to its lowest attainable position and measure the
distance between the objective and the object plane (using an accurate scale, wedge,
or gauge blocks). Then continue with steps 3 through 8.
If an abnormally large depth of field makes it difficult to determine repeatably the
location of best focus, the instrument may be focused while using a diopter telescope.
An adjusted* diopter telescope can greatly reduce the depth of field and make the focus
adjustment more critical.
The accuracy depends upon the operator, the instruments depth of field, and the
precision of the gauge. However, with repetitions, an average value should be obtain-
able that is accurate within 1 percent.
*Adjustment and directions for the use of a diopter telescope are contained in Section II.
n-i 3-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP791300873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION OPTICAL PATH SEPARATION TEST NO. 1
Maximum and minimum X optical path separations, and maximum Y optical path
separation.
Note: Measurements are based upon the application of Cartesian coordinate sys-
tem to the object plane. The X axis is considered horizontal to the operator and the
Y axis is perpendicular to the operator.
1. An appropriate glass scale, i. e. , the scale having the greatest available pre-
cision while still being long enough to make the measurement. This measurement
depends upon the instrument being tested and can conceivably range from less than 1
in. to nearly 1 ft or more. The precision of the scale should provide at least 100 divi-
sions between the two optical paths (TKC-16 or TKC-17).
2. Data sheet for Optical Path Separation Test No. 1 is given in Section IV.
3. An eyepiece with crosslines should be used if available.
C. PROCEDURE
If the instrument uses rhomboid or other extension arms, each pair should be
placed in the instrument and evaluated. Each arm should contain the same objective
and eyepiece as its companion arm. The choice of objective, zoom magnification
and eyepiece is otherwise up to the operator. A combination that provides easy read-
ability of the scale should be chosen and used throughout the test.
2. Adjust the positions of the arms to the minimum X separation (no Y separation)
nearest the operator. This can be attained by rotating the right arm clockwise and the
left arm counterclockwise until each stops.
3. Place the scale on the substage so that its centerline or edge simultaneously
passes through the center of each field-of-view.
Tii-16-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
4. Focus the right optical train on the scale and record the intersection of the
' right side of the field-of-view with the scale. *
5. Focus the left optical train on the scale and record the intersection of the
right side of the field-of-view with the scale. *
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 with the positions of the arm adjusted to the minimum
X separation (no Y separation) furthest away from the operator. This can be attained
by rotating the right arm counterclockwise and the left arm clockwise until they stop.
8. Repeat steps 3 through 5 with the positions of the arms at the maximum X
separation (no Y separation). This should put the arms in the 3 and 9 positions respec-
tively as shown in Figure 1.
12. Adjust the positions of the arms to a maximum Y separation. Place the left
arm in the 12 position and the right arm in the 6 position as shown in Figure 1.
14. Focus the right optical train on the scale and record the intersection of the
upper-left side of the field-of-view with the scale. *
15. Focus the left optical train on the scale and record the intersection of the
upper-left side of the field with the scale. Subtract these two values to obtain "D" the
diagonal separation. *
*If a crossline eyepiece is used, the following applies: "Record the intersection of the
scale and the center of the eyepiece crosslines. "
I m_i s_q~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
where Ymax is the maximum Y separation.
Y is the difference between the values recorded in steps 12 and 13.
X is the X separation obtained in step 11.
17. Repeat steps 11 through 16 with the position of the arms adjusted to obtain
the other possible maximum Y separation. Place the left arm in the 6 position and the
right arm in the 12 position. Make the measurements from the upper right intersec-
tions.
The accuracy depends upon the precision of the scale and the image centration of
the instruments. Provided the image decentration is not significant, 1 percent accu-
racy or better should be easily attainable.
III-16-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION ORTHOGONALITY TEST NO. 1
1
Note: This test applies only to those instruments which allow for translation
between the object (film) plane and the optical viewing axis. Also, all measurements
are based upon the application of the Cartesian coordinate system to the object plane.
The X axis is considered horizontal to the operator and the Y axis is perpendicular to
the operator.
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Crossline orthogonality target (TKC-12). (See Figure 5. )
2. Instrument eyepiece with crossline reticle (either a reticle supplied with the
instrument's eyepiece or TKC-3).
Note: The use of the instrument eyepiece and a crossline reticle assumes that the
instrument has X and Y coordinate indicators. If the instrument does not have these
position indicators, then use an eyepiece compatible with the instrument and containing
a reticle with a horizontal and a vertical scale crossed at the center (TKC-2 and TKC-3).
3. Data Sheet for Orthogonality Test No. 1.
C. PROCEDURE
1. Illuminate the target as recommended by the instrument manufacturer for
normal imagery.
2. Position the center crossline of the target at the center of the crossline
3. Focus on the center crossline of the target using the instrument focus control.
Use both optical trains for a binocular instrument.
4. Position the horizontal lines along the target X axis to align with the instru-
ment's X axis translation. All horizontal crosslines of the target should pass through
I M-17-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
the center of the crossline reticle when the system is horizontally translated. Record
the value indicated for the instrument's Y axis position (Y7).
5. Starting with the target crossline to the left of the operator, measure and
record the position of each vertical crossline along the X axis translation path of the
instrument (X1-13). These horizontal positions must be obtained directly from the
instrument's X axis indicator (mechanical scale or electronic readout device) when the
vertical components of the target crossline pass through the center of the crossline
reticle.
6. Position the center crossline of the target at the center of the crossline reticle
using the instrument's X axis translation.
7. Using the instrument's Y axis translation, position the target crossline farthest
from the operator so that its horizontal line component passes through the center of the
crossline reticle. Record the indicated X and Y axis positions (X7, Y1).
8. Using the instrument's X axis translation, position the vertical component of
this target crossline at the center of the crossline reticle. Record the indicated X and
Y axis positions (X 7e' Y1)'
9. Repeat step 4 and record instrument's X and Y axis positions (X7, Y7).
10. Repeat step 6.
11. Repeat step 7 for the target crossline nearest the operator. Record the indi-
cated X and Y axis positions (X7, Y13).
12. Repeat step 8 for the target crossline nearest the operator. Record the indi-
cated X and Y axis positions (X 7e' Y13).
13. Position the vertical lines along the target Y axis to align with the instrument's
Y axis translation. Record X axis position (X7).
14. Starting from the target crossline farthest from the operator, measure and
record the distance between each horizontal crossline along the Y axis translation path
of the instrument (Y1-13). These vertical distances must be obtained directly from
the instrument's Y axis indicator when the horizontal components of the target crosslines
pass through the center of the crossline reticle.
III-17-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
15. Determine instrument X is and Y is translational error. Subtract respec-
tive calculated distance values obtained from steps 5 and 14 from the calibrated cross-
line positions of the target.
where: A X X 7 - X7e
x 7= X position recorded in step 7
.
X7e = X position recorded in step 8
and 4Y = Y1 - Y7
Yl = Y position recorded in step 8
Y7 = Y position recorded in step 4
Negative Y axis error:
where: AX' = X7 - X7e
X' = X position recorded in step 11
7
X7e = X position recorded in step 12
and AY'= Y - Y7
13
Y13 = Y position recorded in step 12.
Y7 = Y position recorded in step 9
I . 111-17-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18: CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
(x, y) COORDINATES ARE GIVEN IN THE DRAWING FOR
11...4251 REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT TO BE PRINTED
ON THE TARGET PLATE..
1.75, 1.751 'l0. 1.751
10..]5001
l0, .250)
I10, - .75001
1-.03]5, 01
( 0, -.250) ,,100, 01_
10. of I.o37 s. 01 I.,qo. of l.250, of
1" x 1" GRAY AREA ABOVE ENLARGED
TO lOX AT LEFT
(-.250, 0)
? 0002" POSITIONAL ACCURACY AT
EACH CROSS POINT
.0002" LINE WIDTH THROUGHOUT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18: CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Instrument vibration
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Foeppl Vibration Target (TKC-9).
2. Illuminator (TKC-26).
3. Data sheet for Vibration Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
1. Place target in film plane and illuminate for normal viewing conditions.
2. Position target parallel to the observer and in the center of the field-of-view
with the instrument set at a medium value of magnification.
3. Focus the right optical train, using the instrument focus control, on the vibra-
Note: The target consists of 20 pairs of 0. 001-inch dots which converge to a single
dot. The distance between each pair of dots increases by 0. 001 inch to a maximum of
0. 02 inch in the last pair. To read the vibration target it is necessary to:
a. Count the number of dot pairs that can be observed between the single end
dot and the pair which appear to merge into a single dot.
I
5. Rotate the vibration target to a position that is perpendicular with respect to
the operator and the front of the instrument and repeat steps 3 and 4.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
8. Repeat steps 2 through 7 using the illuminator supplied with the optical test kit
rather than the instrument's light source.
III-18-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
TEST DESIGNATION TENSION TEST NO. 1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Film tension on instrument transport
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Tension tester (TKC-22).
2. Two film leaders with width to match the widest film spool that can be used
with the instrument film transport.
3. Hole punch (TKC-23).
4. Data sheet for Tension Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
1. Place film leaders on instrument film spools.
2. Punch 1 hole at the center of the film leader.
3. Insert hooks of tension tester into set of film leader holes and turn film spools
to provide minimum tension on tester.
4. Translate film leader and tension tester with either manual or automatic film
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
A. MEASUREMENT PERFORMED
Temperature at surface of instrument
B. EQUIPMENT
1. Surface temperature thermometer (TKC-21).
2. Data sheet for Surface Temperature Test No. 1 given in Section IV.
C. PROCEDURE
The surface thermometer can be used to measure the surface temperature of
either horizontal or nonhorizontal surface areas. For horizontal surfaces, proper
utilization of the thermometer requires only that the instrument surface be flat and
smooth to provide firm and uniform contact between the instrument surface and the
thermometer.
For nonhorizontal surfaces, however, it is recommended that surface temperature
measurements be taken only for flat, "ferrous" instrument surfaces. * The ferrous
material of the surface provides for the utilization of the permanent magnet holder sup-
plied with the thermometer.
1. Place the thermometer on the instrument surface to be measured and allow
approximately three minutes for it to reach temperature stability. If the magnetic
holder is required, place the hole in the magnet spring over the center post of the
thermometer. Do not attempt to bolt the magnet down with the nuts on the thermometer.
*The surface thermometer manufacturer recommends the application of silicone grease
to the back of the thermometer to hold it in contact with nonhorizontal, nonferrous sur-
faces. However, since micro stereoscope instruments are designed for use with high-
resolution film materials, and may be located in clean room areas, the use of silicone
grease must be avoided.
i
t
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
D. ACCURACY
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
^
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME
DATE
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
DIAL GAUGE
READING
METRIC
CONVERSION
H
E
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME
DATE
ZOOM MAGNIFICATIONS
DIAL GAUGE
READING
METRIC
CONVERSION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATIONS
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
DIAL GAUGE
READINGS
METRIC
CONVERSION
DIAL GAUGE
READINGS
METRIC
CONVERSION
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
;CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
INSTRUMENT I
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATIONS
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
INITIAL
X
X
VALUE
DIAL GAUGE
D
D
VALUES
DIOPTERS
DIOPTERS
METRIC
CONVERSIONS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
a
I
V. FOCUS TEST NO. 5
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATIONS
t MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
I
DATA FOR FIRST EYEPIECE
INITIAL
VALUE
Y
X
X
DIAL GAUGE
VALUES
METRIC
CONVERSIONS
INITIAL
VALUE
^
DIAL GAUGE
D
D'
VALUES
DIOPTERS
DIOPTERS
METRIC
CONVERSIONS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME _
DATE
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION -
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
COMPONENT POSITION
COMPONENT POSITION
3
12
6
9
12
6
DIAL GAUGE
READINGS
METRIC
CONVERSION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
MAXIMUM EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
RESOLUTION READINGS
TANGENTIAL
SAGITTAL
TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL
',
_____
TRAIN
_____
^
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME
DATE
1
RIGHT LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER
TANGENTIAL SAGITTAL RESOLUTION VALUES
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION VALUES
i.
I
O
F
.
V
,
m
UNITS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
IX. RESOLUTION TEST NO. 3
MAXIMUM EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
RIGHT LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
TANGENTIAL SAGITTAL RESOLUTION VALUES
UNITS
FORMAT POSITIONS
CENTER
BOTTOM
TOP
LEFT
RIGHT
I
~
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
IX, RESOLUTION TEST NO. 3 (cont'd.)
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
RIGHT LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
TANGENTIAL SAGITTAL RESOLUTION VALUES
UNITS
FORMAT POSITIONS
CENTER
BOTTOM
TOP
LEFT
RIGHT
u
Z
~
m
-
- -
-
- _
-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
RIGHT
TANGENTIAL
UNITS
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER
POSITION
OPTICAL TRAIN
RESOLUTION VALUES
FORMAT POSITIONS
CENTER
BOTTOM
TOP
LEFT
RIGHT
I
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
RIGHT LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
TANGENTIAL SAGITTAL RESOLUTION VALUES
UNITS
FORMAT POSITIONS
CENTER
BOTTOM
TOP
LEFT
RIGHT
I
-
-
-
-
-
u
W
1
~
m'
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
DATE
0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION.
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION-
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER-
RIGHT
OPTICAL TR
AIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
CROSSLINE
POSITION
ASTIGMA TISM
DIAL
GAUGE
METRIC
ASTIGMATISM
DIAL
GAUGE
METRIC
X
Y
COMMENTS
READING
CONVERSION
COMMENTS
READING
CONVERSION
_
_
_
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
MAGNITUDE
DIRECTION
MAGNITUDE
DIRECTION
I
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
XV. ALIGNMENT TEST NO. 2
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
^
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
I-
I
1
I
I
1E
V W
~ J
1
I
I
1
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
'CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
MINIMUM EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
MINIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER
UNITS
VIGNETTING DATA
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
APPROXIMATE
MAGNITUDE
MAGNITUDE
APPROXIMATE
MAGNITUDE
MAGNITUDE
COMPONENT
POSITION
A
B
COMPONENT
POSITION
A
B
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
XVIII. PARALLAX TEST NO. 1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
XIX. MAGNIFICATION TEST NO. 1
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION
UNITS
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
OBJECT
SCALE
EYEPIECE
SCALE
MAGNIFI-
CATION
OBJECT
SCALE
EYEPIECE
SCALE
MAGNIFI-
CATION
I
I
(
Z
___
__
I
-_
V
O
I
O
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
DISTANCES
DISTANCES
ST
PO
NA
S
PO
NA
E
1
-
H
-
z
t
0
-
j L
E
1
O
I
~
-
-
-
_
-
-
E
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATIONS
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATIONS
Q
E
1
___1
___I
LL
~
,
1 H
u
N
t
f
^
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
MEASUREMENT
NUMBER
METER
VALUE
FOOT-CANDLE
CONVERSION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
^
UNITS
XXIII. SPECTRAL FILTER TEST NO. 1 (More than one data table is required for this test).
RIGHT LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN FILTER TYPE
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER
TANGENTIAL SAGITTAL RESOLUTION VALUES
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION VALUES
~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
MAXIMUM EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION.
MAXIMUM OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
MAXIMUM ZOOM MAGNIFICATION
EXTENSION ARM NUMBERS
TANGENTIAL
UNITS
POLARIZATION TARGET ORIENTATION
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
J
V f
I
aQO
I
_ I
_ I
I
.-.
_
wFa
J
-
- I
-
--_
---
I
a E
V ~ z
aa
O
I
___I
F oa
I
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
r
t
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
iCIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
RIGHT OPTICAL TRAIN
LEFT OPTICAL TRAIN
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
ZOOM
ZOOM
ZOOM
ZOOM
MAGNIFICATION
AG IF CATION
MAGNIFICATION
MAGNIFICATION
--
-
L
-
-
L
I
I
l
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18
CIA-RDP791300873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
r
1
I
XXVII. WORKING DISTANCE TEST NO. 1
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION: MAXIMUM -
MINIMUM -
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION: MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
I
I
I
W
I
I
-
W
-
- -
O
LL
LL
z z
O
V<
W V
d LL
J
I
W =
Q
(
Z
Z
:so
w
U
X O
N
E
~
~ w
LL
LL
p z
D
O
~
w
a LL
J
I
wa
z
'n
x Z
f o
z0
N
a
u
J
a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
EXTENSION ARM PAIR IDENTIFICATION:
MAGNIFICATION
OTHER
NEAREST OPERATOR
AWAY FROM OPERATOR
INTERSECTIONS
INTERSECTIONS
LEFT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
RIGHT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
DIFFERENC
LEFT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
RIGHT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
DIFFERENCE
I
I
I
I
I
I
INTERSECTIONS
LEFT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
RIGHT
OPTICAL
TRAIN
DIFFERENCE
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
XXVIII. OPTICAL PATH SEPARATION TEST NO. 1 (cont'd.)
EXTENSION ARM PAIR IDENTIFICATION:
MAGNIFICATION
OTHER
MAXIMUM Y SEPARATION
I
I
X VALUE
D VALUE
CALCULATED
i 2
INTERSECTIONS
INTERSECTIONS
.eF ^F
LEFT
RIGHT
DIFFERENCE
LEFT
RIGHT
DIFFERENCE
VALUE OF
O O
OPTICAL
OPTICAL
OPTICAL
OPTICAL
Y MAX
a
TRAIN
TRAIN
TRAIN
TRAIN
a
I
I
I
u w
C J
F1
I
I
z z
I
I
I
I
a a
1
I
LL i
W V
2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
ICIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME
1
(LEFT)
HORIZONTAL HORIZONTAL
MEASUREMENT DATA DISTANCE VALUES
(STEPS 4 AND 5) AX = X1 - X2
7
X12 X13)
13
(RIGHT)
L-J,
-- I ---H 3.810 0.000
CALIBRATED'
HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE
VALUES
-1(- 25.399 0.000
I I
3.811 0.000 -- -
4.445 0.000 - -1 -
8.253 0.000
r __"---" 25.401
HORIZONTAL
TRANSLATIONAL
ERROR
I AEX -AXC - AX,I
l AEy=AYC - AY;II
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME
DATE
(TOP)
7
kCENTE
VERTICAL VERTICAL
MEASUREMENT DATA DISTANCE VALUES
(STEPS 4 AND 5) AY = Y1 - Y2 1/I
X7 Y1-13 = Y12-Y13
CALIBRATED
VERTICAL
DISTANCE
VALUES
VERTICAL
TRANSLATIONAL
ERROR
~AEX_ .XC AXI
AEy=AYC -AY)
0.000
I
BOTTOM
3.808 _ _.~
0.000 0.952 - -J
0.000 0.952
0.000 1.588 -- T
0.000 I 3.809 V - - 7-7
---1 --_I 0.000 8.256 --~
_ 0.000 4.446
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
STEP 8
STEP 7
STEP 8
STEP 9
STEP 11
STEP 12
Y7
X7
Y1
X7e
Y1
X7'
Y7'
X7
Y13
X7e
Y13
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
AX
IAXX7X7e]
AY
(AY=Y1 Y7)
Ax/AY
ee
[ee=ran-1(AX/AY)I
I
I
I
I
Ax'
(Ax'= X7'- X7e')
AY'
(AY'= Y73 - Y7')
AX%AY,
4e
IR.= ran-1 (AX%AY')
a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
s
NAME
EYEPIECE MAGNIFICATION.
OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION
ZOOM MAGNIFICATION-
EXTENSION ARM NUMBER-
NUMBER OF
VIBRATION
DOT PAIRS OBSERVED
(DOT PAIRS X0.001 IN.)
I
I-W
=J
rc
J j
6
"
O
I
-
Z
0
1-
1Z
I-
W
I-
W
i
a
o
I-
a
m
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
,CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18:
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
DATE
11
1
1
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18: 1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
NAME INSTRUMENT
11
2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
in
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
t
I
A function of the human eye, whereby its total refracting power is varied
in order to clearly see objects at different distances. When viewing through an optical
instrument, this ability allows the eye to focus independently on portions of an image
(within the field-of-view), which are not in focus in the same plane.
The ability of a test to measure the true magnitude of a phenomenon in
terms of the maximum expected difference between the measured value and the true
value. It may be expressed as an absolute amount in the same units as the measured
value or as a percentage of the true value. Associated with the accuracy of a single
measurement is the repeatability of that measurement.
Many binocular viewing instruments provide a range of relative focusing
capability between the two optical trains. This is intended to allow for some dispar-
ities between the two eyes of the observer..- Thus each eye can be provided with an
image individually focused for its own best viewing. The mechanism which allows for
such an adjustment is sometimes called an acuity adjustment. It may also be referred
to as an eyepiece focusing adjustment. It is not to be confused, however, with a focus-
ing or focusable eyepiece.
. The. condition of having all optical components in their proper positions
relative to the optical axis. This is generally achieved by positioning all of the optical
components with their individual optical axes coincident.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
BINOCULAR INSTRUMENT
An instrument capable of providing two images or a single image to be
viewed by both eyes of an observer simultaneously.
A type of vignetting that is usually observed while rotating an optical com-
ponent. It is due to the misalignment of a limiting aperture. It is readily noticeable
to the unaided eye. (See VIGNETTING.)
A unit of refractive power of a lens or prism. In a lens or lens system,
it is numerically equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters.
An optical instrument which is designed to fit over the eyepiece of an
optical viewing system. It essentially provides an additional amount of magnification
for examining images produced by the viewing system. It includes a focusing type
mechanism which enables the user to measure eyepiece focus adjustments in diopters.
Distortion is nonuniform magnification within a field of view. Stereo
image distortion is differential distortion between two optical trains in a stereoscopic
or hyperstereoscopic viewing system. Thus,it is a difference in magnification between
corresponding points in a pair of fields-of-view for stereoscopic viewing. Stereo image
distortion produces a false sense of depth to the observer.
A defect in viewing instruments having more than one possible magnifica-
tion level. Ideally an instrument's resolving power increases linearly with increased
magnification. In some instruments this is actually the case; in others the magnifica-
tion increases faster than the resolving power. Empty magnification is the situation
where the resolution does not increase at all with an increase in magnification over a
certain range.
t
V-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
I
The image of the limiting aperture in an optical system, formed by all
lenses following this aperture. In microscopes, the exit pupil is located above the
eyepiece.
The distance from the vertex of the last optical surface of the visual
optical system to the exit pupil. Also called the eye distance.
Any eyepiece which mechanically fits on an item of visual optical equip-
ment and provides the same (if any) optical compensations as those eyepieces speci-
fically designed for the equipment. (With other than production line models of optical
equipment, the manufacturer or the instrument literature should be consulted before
eyepieces other than those provided with the instrument are used. )
An eyepiece with an internal focus adjustment for the eye lens to permit
focusing on a reticle independent of focusing on the object or object image. Also called
a focusable eyepiece. Not to be confused with an acuity adjustment or an eyepiece
focus adjustment.
An image on a transparent substrate to be placed into an eyepiece so
that the reticle image and the object image of the instrument can be viewed simulta-
neously in the same plane. The reticle serves as a constant image to which object
images can be compared.
The maximum cone of rays passed by all apertures in an optical system
and measured in the object plane.
FOCUS, BEST
I V-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
HYPERSTEREOSCOPIC
Having an enhanced three-dimentional appearance due to an abnormally
large separation between the binocular points of view.
In this manual, when underlined, - refers to that piece of equipment which
is to be tested and evaluated.
The distance between the two eye pupils, when the observer is viewing
distant objects. When referring to a binocular instrument, the eye pupils of the
observer are placed at the two exit pupils of the instrument. Hence, the distance
between the exit pupils of a binocular instrument is called the instrument's inter-
pupillary distance.
Absolute magnification; numerically, the distance of distinct vision
(25. 0 cm) divided by the equivalent focal length of the lens (in cm. ).
Lateral magnification, the ratio of the linear size of an image to the
linear size of its object.
A stereoscopic viewing instrument having two separate optical trains,
each being a compound microscope. It is designed specifically for the viewing of
pairs of stereoscopic imagery. A high-power stereoscope.
The product of the sine of the acceptance angle of a lens or lens system
and the index of refraction of the medium between the lens and the object. N. A. = N sin A
t
V-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79BOO873AO00800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
The optical component which receives light from the object and forms the
first or primary image in telescopes and microscopes.
The apparent displacement (or the .difference in the apparent direction)
of an object, as seen from two different points. Parallax between two objects thus
indicates that they are not in the same plane.
PARCENTRATION
The ability of an optical instrument to keep an object centered in the field-
of-view when optical components are varied or interchanged, such as changing objectives
or changing zoom magnification,etc.
The ability of an optical instrument to keep an object in focus when optical
components are varied or interchanged such as changing objectives or changing zoom
magnification, etc.
An assembly consisting of a pair of prisms which together invert an
optical image and pass the inverted image through in approximately the same direc-
tion as the original image. It thus has the useful property such that if it is rotated
about the image axis, the image will rotate with the pechan prism in the same direc-
tion and at the same rate.
The orientation of the visual axes. When applied to a stereo microscope,
it is the orientation of the two optical axes. In their proper orientation, the axes cross
at the point where they are in focus.
. V-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
An arrow, point, circle, pair of cross lines, etc. which is optically pro-
jected into the field-of-view of an optical viewer. It may also be physically placed in
an image plane. It can either be fixed or movable and is used to indicate particular
places or objects within the field-of-view.
PRECISION
The degree of discrimination with which a quantity is described or stated,
or the degree of exactness with which a quantity is stated. It is not to be considered
the degree of correctness with which a quantity is stated. Precision is commonly
denoted by the number of significant figures stated or implied in a quantity. For a
measuring instrument, the precision is the smallest increment or division.
QUALITATIVE
Pertaining to or concerned with nonnumerical descriptors and measures.
QUANTITATIVE
Pertaining to or concerned with numerical descriptors and measures.
RELAY LENSES
Those lenses and lens systems which intervene between the objective and
the eyepiece of a microscope or similar instrument. They may be used to simply dis-
place or reorient the image produced by the objective, or to provide additional and
sometimes variable magnification.
The ability of a measurement or test to yield identical values of a phe-
nomenon that is stable during the time interval in which the measurements or tests are
performed.
A representative indicator of the ability to resolve or distinguish objects
from one another.
1
1
V-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
An image relay component of an optical viewing system consisting basic-
ally of a rhomboid prism. An instrument objective is normally contained in or attached
to one of these arms. The arm can be rotated, scanning a flat surface without
a) changing the optical path length, b) moving the remainder of the optical components,
or c) rotating the image; The scanned object thus remains in focus.
That resolution involved in distinguishing between off-axis objects in a
field-of-view that are located the same distance radially from the center of the field
but are separated angularly. In a bar target, the sagittal bars are roughly parallel to
a field-of-view radius passing through them.
The X and Y distances between the centers of the object fields of view of
the two optical trains in a micro stereoscope. The X- and Y-directions are referred
to the instrument, with X the direction between the left and right eyepieces, and Y
the direction perpendicular to X and parallel to the stage.
Those optical components through which the image for a single eye passes.
In stereoscopic instruments, two optical trains are necessary, although it is possible
to share certain optical components by using different areas,
A calibrated scale of small dimensions for use with a microscope to mea-
sure microscopic objects or for the calibration of microscope reticles. It is placed
on the microscope stage and its image is compared to the reticle or the image of the
object to be measured or calibrated.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
STEREOMICROSCOPE
A binocular microscope providing each eye with a separate view of the
same physical object. The two views differ from one another in perspective. When
a three-dimensional object is viewed, the observer can perceive its three-dimensional
nature through such an instrument.
TANGENTIAL RESOLUTION
That resolution involved in distinguishing between off-axis objects in a
field-of-view that are located in the same radial direction from the center of the field
but are separated in distance from the center along that radius. In a bar target, the
tangential bars are roughly perpendicular to the field-of-view radius passing through
them.
The obscuration of oblique rays by apertures in an optical system causing
a marked reduction in the oblique illuminance. Decentering of limiting apertures can
cause a form of vignetting sometimes called cut-in where the decentered aperture
causes an even more pronounced reduction in the illumination in an area of the field-
of-view.
The clear distance between the lowest element of an optical system or its
mechanical holder and the object plane of the instrument.
A lens which is moved with relation to the object in order to change the
magnification. More commonly used and also referred to as simply a zoom lens or
system is the "mechanically compensated" zoom lens. This compound lens, actuated
by a single control, contains elements which move relative to one another by means
of cams. The movement is such that the object and its image remain fixed in position,
while the size of the image is varied. Optically compensated zoom lenses, a third
category, do not remain continuously in focus throughout the magnification range but
are compensated at a number of discrete positions.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
1. Modern Optical Engineering, Warren J. Smith, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York
1966.
3. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics, The MacMillan Company, New York, 1962
J. Thewlis Editor-in-Chief.
4. Webster's New International Dictionary, Third Edition Unabridged. G. C.
Merriam Company, Springfield, Mass.
5. Martin H. Welk, Standard Dictionary of Computers and Information Processing,
Hayden Book Company, Inc. , New York 1969.
6. Rudolf Kingslake, Applied Optics and Optical Engineering, Academic Press, New
York 1965.
This bibliography applies only to the Glossary and not the
balance of the manual.
^
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
I
Accommodation, eye
Acuity adjustment
11-3, 111-2-4, 111-2-7, V-1
111-1-6, 111-1-8, I11-1-10, V-1
Alignment, optical
image decentration
phoria
vignetting
zoom image shift or jump
Bar targets
Best focus
Binocular instruments, general
Cut-in
Decentration, image
Diopter telescope
V-1
111-5-1
111-5-5, V-5
111-5-7, 111-5-8, V-8
HI-5-3
11-4
11-4
11-3, V-2
11I-5-7, 111-5-8, V-2
III-5-1
III-1-1, III-1-4, III-1-6, III-1-8, III-1-10
111-1-13, 111-2-1, 111-2-2, V-2
instructions for use
11-3, III-2-4, 111-2-7
Distortion, stereo image
111-3-1, 111-3-3, V-2
Empty magnification
111-2-2, V-2
Exit pupil
III-13-1, V-3
Extension arms, rotation of
111-1-2, III-1-13
Eye
accommodation
11-3, III-2-4, V-1
relief
111-13-1, III-14-1, V-3
Eyepiece
focus adjustment
see Acuity adjustment
focusing (focusable)
V-3
magnification
111-7-1
Focus (also see Parfocalization)
best
11-4
changes due to component rotation
111-1-13
relative
III-1-6
Focusing eyepiece
V-3
Image decentration
111-4-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Interpupillary distance
Lenses, relay
Magnification
empty
eyepiece
objective, relay and zoom
111-2-2,
111-7-1,
111-7-1,
V-2
V-4
V-4
Numerical aperture
I11-8-1, V-4
Off-axis resolution
Optical path separation
Parallax
Parcentration
between left and right optical
trains (phoria)
rotatable components
zoom system
III-2-4, 111-2-6,
1I-16-1, V-7
I1I-6-1, V-5
111-5-5
III-5-1
111-5-3
111-2-7
Parfocalization
between left and right optical trains
without zoom system
zoom system
V-5
111-1-6
III-1-1
111-1-4
Pechan prism
V-5
image rotation
Pointer, internal optical
Reading bar targets
Relay lenses
111- 5-1
111-6-1, V-6
II-4
II-3, V-6
Replication of tests
II-2, 11-6, 11-7
Resolution
V-6
off-axis
111-2-4, 111-2-6,
111-2-7
on-axis
111-2-1
sagittal
11-5, 111-2-4, III-2-7, V-7
tangential
11-5, III-2-4, 111-2-7, V-8
targets
11-4, 11-5
versus magnification
111-2-2
Resolving power
Rhomboid arm
V-7
rotation
111-1-2, 111-1-13
1
VI-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1
Rotation
of targets
of optical components
11-5
111-1-2, III-1-13, 111-5-1,
111-5-7
Sagittal resolution
11-5, 111-2-4, III-2-7, V-7
Selectable discrete relay magnifications
11-3, V-6
Separation, optical path
Stereo image distortion
111-16-1, V-7
III-3-1, V-2
Suitable target
11-4
Tangential resolution
Target
11-5, 111-2-4,
111-2-7, V-8
care of
11-5
choice of
11-4
reading resolution
11-4
suitable
11-4
use of
II-5
Test program
II-1
Vignetting
11I-5-7, 111-5-8, V-8
Working distance
11I-11-1, V-8
Zoom lens
V-8
general comments
11-3
image shift and jump
111-5-3
parcentration
111-5-3
parfocalization
I11-1-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/18 :
CIA-RDP79B00873A000800010014-1