USSR: SINGLE-CELL PROTEIN INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91T01115R000100080002-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 17, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 1, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
DATE
TRANSMITTAL -SLIP
TO:
ROOM NO.
BUILDING
REMARKS:
(v im
~'1
FROM:
ROOM NO.
BUILDING
EXTENSION
1 s?s' 241
REPLACES FORM 36-8
WHICH MAY BE USED.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
USSR: Single-Cell
Protein Industry (U)
A Research Paper
Secret
lA 84-10027
March 1984
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Summary
In/iirmation available as
o/ 1 Jarman, 1984 has
been used in this
report. (N)
USSR: Single-Cell
Protein Industry (U)
The Soviet single-cell protein (SCP) industry represents a major effort
to support livestock production by producing a protein-rich feed sup-
plement for animals. We estimate that the Soviets had the capacity to
produce about 1.8 million metric tons of SCP in 1983 and that this will
increase to about 2 million metric tons by 1985
percent of Soviet annual grain production. (S
would replace as much as 10 million metric tons of grain, about 5
Actual Soviet SCP production is probably considerably less than capac-
ity because the Soviets have encountered delays in bringing newly con-
structed plants into full operation. As a result, we believe that the Sovi-
ets will probably not reach their goal of 2.3 million metric tons of SCP
production in 1985, and probably will only reach 2 million metric tons
in the late 1980s. Based on Soviet claims, 2 million metric tons of SCP
25X1
25X1
Currently, the Soviets produce SCP from both cellulose- and petro-
leum-based feedstocks. We believe, however, that any major expansion
of the Soviet SCP industry will probably involve construction of plants
using methanol, produced from natural gas, as the feedstock. Reports
from European technical journals indicate that the Soviets plan to pro-
duce about 4 million metric tons of methanol-based SCP by 2000. (C)
Secret
IA 84-10027
March 1984
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
Soviet Single-Cell Protein Production
Capacity Estimate
2
Capacity Estimate
5
Prospects for the Soviet SCP Industry
7
Implications of the Soviet SCP Program
7
Appendixes
V Secret
IA 84-10027
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Figure 1
Location of Soviet Single-Cell Protein Plants
roioisj?
>? Moscow
;..rte ?
Cellulose-based SCP plant
? In operation
o Under construction
Petroleum-based SCP plant
? In operation
o Under construction
Cellulose- and petroleum-based SCP plant
? In operation
Secret vi
IA 84-10027
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
T key
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
USSR: Single-Cell
Protein Industry (U)
Single-cell protein (SCP) is a term used to describe
single-cell microorganisms, such as yeast, that can
he cultivated in commercial quantities and used as
food or feed additives. SCP has traditionally been
cultivated on cellulose-based growth media, such as
agricultural wastes and byproducts of the wood
processing industry. More recently, petroleum-
based feedstock that is more easily obtained has
provided growth media for SCP production. (u)
Self-sufficiency in protein feed supplies is an
avowed aim of the Soviet leadership. Because the
USSR cannot produce adequate quantities of high-
protein oilseed meals and other high-protein crops
needed for balanced livestock feed rations, the So-
viet Union has established the world's largest SCP
industry. In addition, the Soviets have attempted to
alleviate recurring feed deficits with large-scale
grain imports. The use of high-protein supplements
increases the efficiency of Soviet feed rations and
serves to reduce these grain import requirements.
(C)
The Soviets began experimental production of cel-
lulose-based SCP from hydrolyzed straw in 1936. A
Soviet text book reports that by 1943 they had be-
gun industrial production of SCP at two plants;
they have continued to expand this cellulose-based
portion of the industry since that time. In 1963 the
All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Protein
Synthesis began research on production of SCP
from liquid paraffin obtained from crude oil. Ex-
perimental petroleum-based SCP production began
at the Krasnodar Biochemical and Vitamin Prep-
aration Combine in the late 1960s, and construction
of six commercial-scale plants began in the early
1970s. The first of these petroleum-based plants be-
gan partial operation in 1975. (S
This report discusses Soviet SCP production pro-
cesses and facilities and presents estimates of the
Soviet capacity to produce SCP from both cellu-
lose-and petroleum-based raw materials. It also
provides an overview of prospects for the Soviet
SCP industry and discusses implications of the So-
viet SCP program for augmenting Soviet livestock
feed supplies. (s
Soviet Single-Cell Protein Production
We have identified 68 Soviet plants that produce
SCP. There are 59 operating cellulose-based SCP
plants, and one cellulose-based plant is under con-
struction. In addition there are six operating petro-
leum-based SCP plants, and one petroleum-based
plant is under construction. One additional oper-
ating plant produces both cellulose-based and petro-
leum-based SCP (figure 1). (s
Soviet SCP plants are usually located near their
sources of feedstocks. Many of the cellulose-based
plants are in agricultural areas or are part of large
paper or lumber mills. All Soviet petroleum-based
SCP plants are located near petroleum refiner-
ies. (s
Processes and facilities at cellulose-based plants dif-
fer from those at petroleum-based SCP plants. The
cellulose-based plants have a smaller capacity and
also produce wood-based byproducts, such as fur-
fural and lignin, in addition to cellulose-based SCP
(sometimes referred to as fodder yeast by the Sovi-
ets). The more modern petroleum-based plants use
a standardized process whose only product is SCP.
SCP cultivated on petroleum feedstock is some-
times called protein-vitamin concentrate (BVK-
byelokovo-vitaminyy kontsentrat) by the Soviets.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
Cellulose-Based SCP
Process Flow. The production process for cellulose-
based SCP begins with hydrolysis of either a solid
feedstock, such as wood waste or corn cobs, or a
liquid feedstock, such as waste liquor from the pulp
and paper industry (figure 2). The feedstock is com-
bined with dilute sulfuric acid and heated in a hy-
drolysis tank. When waste liquors are the feed-
stock steam hydrolysis is used, probably to remove
sulfur dioxide. The hydrolysis step produces simpler
carbohydrates that are more readily digested by the
SCP organisms. After neutralization and purifica-
tion the carbohydrates, along with air and mineral
salts, are sent to a fermentation vessel where they
are innoculated with yeast. Following fermentation
the SCP is purified, dried, and bagged for ship-
ment. (u)
A Soviet text on production of SCP states that
feedstock equivalent to a metric ton of dry conifer-
ous wood will yield about 230 kilograms of SCP.
At some plants the carbohydrates are fermented to
produce ethyl alcohol and the remaining mash is
then used to grow the SCP. According to the Soviet
text, this reduces the yield to 32 kilograms per met-
ric ton of wood equivalent. (u)
Capacity Estimate. The methodology used to esti-
mate Soviet cellulose-based SCP production capaci-
ty was developed by the Analytical Support Group,
Directorate of Intelligence, CIA.' This methodology
is based on imagery and data from Soviet open-
source literature and human sources. (s
We identified a distinctive piece of processing
equipment, a large open-topped tank, at all but one
of the 60 plants that produce cellulose-based SCP
(figure 3). Although we could not determine the
function of these tanks, the number of tanks at
each plant appears to be proportional to the overall
size of the plant. (s
For 15 of the plants, production capacity data are
available from either open-source literature or hu-
man-source reporting. These data and the number
of open-topped tanks at each plant provide a basis
for a regression analysis to estimate total produc-
tion capacity for the cellulose-based plants (figure
4). (See Appendix A for the number of tanks and
reported capacity at each plant.) (s
The data used in the regression estimate were first
screened for reliability and then weighted based on
the year of the report, the reliability of the source,
and a comparison of the reported capacity to the
size of production facilities
Cellulose-Based Feedstock,
Water, Sulfuric Acid
Alcohol
Production a
and Purification
Fermentation
Purification
Drying
Yeast, Air,
Mineral Salts
SCP for
Shipment
2.5X 1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Secret Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
addition, the plants were classified into two groups
based on the availability of feedstock. The first
group consists of plants with year-round access to
feed materials and the second group consists of
plants with seasonal access to feed materials. Our
judgement of the availability of feedstock is based
on the geographic location of each plant, its prox-
imity to sources of feed materials, and the size of
feed-material stockpiles. is
Based on the regression analysis, we estimate the
annual production capacity of the 59 SCP plants
with open-topped tanks was about 915,000 metric
tons in 1983.2 The one additional operating Soviet
plant, at Kirishi, has no open-topped tanks, but
based on the size of its facilities compared to other
cellulose-based SCP plants, we estimate that it
has a capacity of about 25,000 metric tons per
year.' Therefore, we estimate total Soviet cellulose-
based SCP production capacity in 1983 was about
940,000 metric tons. (S
We were unable to differentiate between those cel-
lulose-based plants that produce SCP as a primary
product and those which produce alcohol as a pri-
mary product and SCP as a byproduct. Neverthe-
less, we believe the plants for which we have capac-
ity figures are sufficiently representative of the en-
tire group that our estimate of overall capacity is
valid. Although the inclusion of information about
alcohol production in the regression analysis might
have reduced the confidence interval width, there is
no statistical indication that this would have sub-
stantially changed our estimate of production ca-
pacity. We believe the availability of the feedstock
is the only significant variable, aside from the num-
ber of tanks, in the regression equation. is
'The 90-percent confidence interval for cellulose-based SCP production is
754,000 to the capacity of the Kirishi
plant. is
'We do not know why Kirishi does not have visible open-topped tanks.
The tanks may be inside buildings or concealed by other equipment at
Correlation of the Number of Open-Topped Tanks to
Production Capacity at Soviet Cellulose-Based SCP Plants
Production
Capacity
Metric
Tons/Year
4 8 12 16 20
Open-Topped Tanks
Reported capacity for plant with seasonal access
to feedstocks.
? Reported capacity for plant with year-round
access to feedstocks.
a We have assumed that the production reported for
the Leningrad plant, 18,000 tons a year, was garbled
and that it was actually 1,800 tons a year.
Secret
NOFORN
Petroleum-Based SCP
Process Flow. The petroleum-based SCP process at
Soviet plants uses normal paraffins (n-paraffins),
obtained from crude oil during the petroleum refin-
ing process, as the growth media. Nutrient salts are
mixed with n-paraffins to form a substrate. The
substrate is then innoculated with yeast of the Can-
dida genus and fermented. The yeast produced is
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
killed, purified, concentrated, and dried before be-
ing packaged for shipment (figure 5). Most of the
process steps are concealed from view inside build-
ings, but the fermentation tanks and dryers are
large, readily identifiable pieces of equipment that
are constructed as separate structures. (S
Purification is a critical step in processing SCP be-
cause paraffins contain some benzopyrene, a carci-
nogenic hydrocarbon. Any benzopyrene in a feed
additive is dangerous because it may be passed on
to humans through the meat of the animals.
Capacity Estimate. The methodology used to esti-
mate the capacity of the eight Soviet petroleum-
based SCP plants is based on imagery analysis and
reports of plant capacities in Soviet open-source
Figure 5
Process Flow for Petroleum-Based SCP Production
1. Reservoir
2. Fermenter
3. Collector-Decanter
4. Separator
5. Collector
6. Ejector
7. Heat Exchanger
8. Evaporator
9. Spray Dryer
10. Hopper
Nutrient
Salts
Inoculating
Yeast
literature. From imagery we can identify the plants
and count the number of fermentation tanks at
each (figure 6). (S
Comparison of the number of these tanks at each
plant with the plant's reported capacity indicates
that each tank has a production capacity of 10,000
metric tons of SCP per year. At Gor'kiy the number
of tanks multiplied by 10,000 tons per year equals
the reported capacity. The layouts of the Angarsk
and Kremenchug plants strongly suggest that, when
complete, the number of tanks multiplied by 10,000
tons will equate to their reported capacity. The ca-
pacities indicated by the numbers of tanks observed
at Polotsk, Ufa and Volgograd differ slightly from
the reported capacities for these plants, probably
because the Soviets are expanding these three plants
beyond their reported original design capacity. No
precise capacity figure for Kirishi has been reported
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
by the Soviets. Construction at Mozyr has not
progressed sufficiently to determine the number of
tanks planned. (See Appendix B for the number of
tanks and reported capacity of each plant.) (sF--]
The seven Soviet petroleum-based SCP plants we
believe to be in operation had a total of 82 com-
plete fermentation tanks in 1983. Based on this
number we estimate Soviet petroleum-based SCP
capacity at the end of 1983 was 820,000 metric tons
per year. (S
Prospects for the Soviet SCP Industry
We estimate that the Soviets had a total SCP pro-
duction capacity of about 1,760,000 metric tons in
1983. Between 1983 and 1985, we believe that all
production capacity increases in the industry will
result from completion of fermentation tanks now
under construction at petroleum-based SCP
plants. (s
there is no evidence that Soviet cel-
lulose-based SCP production capacity will be
expanded by 1985. The single cellulose-based plant
known to be under construction, at Parafino, is
reported by a Soviet engineer to have a annual ca-
pacity of 70,000 metric tons. In August 1983 this
plant was still in the midstage of construction; it
will most likely not be completed by 1985. There-
fore, we estimate Soviet cellulose-based SCP pro-
duction capacity in 1985 will be about 940,000 met-
same as in 1983. (s
Soviet petroleum-based SCP capacity will continue
to increase in 1984 and 1985. The eight Soviet
petroleum-based SCP plants had 21 fermentation
tanks under construction in 1983. Analysis of previ-
ous tank construction rates indicates that all the
unfinished tanks could be complete by the end of
1985. If this occurs, Soviet petroleum-based SCP
production capacity will be about 1,030,000 metric
tons in 1985. (s
Soviet plans call for production of 2.3 million tons
of SCP in 1985, but it is unlikely that the Soviets
will reach this goal. We believe Soviet production
capacity for both cellulose-based and petroleum-
based SCP will be only about 1,970,000 metric tons
by the end of 1985, and we doubt they will be able
to operate their SCP plants at design capacity he-
25X1
25X1
cause of delays in brin in lants into full opera-
tion. Based on open-source reports, 25X1
the petroleum-based plants have taken a minimum
of seven years to reach full-scale production follow-
ing construction, and at least one, Ufa, had not
done so after I I years of construction. The Gorkiy
plant, which began production in 1975 and had all
its production equipment in operation in 1976, was
first reported to have reached design capacity in
1982. Some of this delay may have resulted from
technical problems with the original air supply sys-
tem for the fermentation tanks. The Soviets were
apparently unable to resolve the problems in the
original system and, by 1976, began replacing it
with an entirely new system. (S
Implications of the Soviet SCP Program
Although the Soviets are unlikely to reach their
goal of producing 2.3 million tons of SCP in 1985,
the industry's contribution to the Soviet livestock
feed program continues to grow and annual Soviet
SCP production could reach 2 million tons by the
late 1980s. Such a quantity of SCP would replace
up to 10 million tons of grain, based on the Soviet
claim that each ton of SCP replaces 5 tons of grain,
annual grain production. (s
This would equal about 5 percent of Soviet average
The Soviets are likely to continue their modest
expansion of cellulose-based SCP facilities and
complete the petroleum-based facilities now under
construction. Additional supplies of cellulose raw
material are not sufficiently concentrated to encour-
age widespread expansion of cellulose-based plants.
25X1
25X1
LOA"I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Secret Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
In addition, the problems associated with the petro- Figure 7
leum-based process may discourage construction of
additional petroleum-based plants. We believe it is Soviet SCP Production Capacity
likely that any major expansion of Soviet SCP
production will involve construction of plants using Production
Capacity
a new process, based on methanol produced from Million
natural gas. Existing petroleum-based plants could Metric Tons
also be converted to produce methanol-based
SCP. (S 6
Expanding Soviet production of natural gas makes
methanol-based SCP an attractive alternative for
the Soviet Union. A European technical journal re-
ported the Soviets plan to use 600,000 metric tons
of methanol per year as an SCP feedstock by 1990
and 6 million metric tons by 2000. Based on feed-
stock-to-output ratios for a Western methanol-
based SCP plant, this would equate to a methanol-
based SCP production of about 400,000 metric tons
in 1990 and about 4 million metric tons in 2000.
Although we doubt the Soviets will be able to meet
the goals, the large increases in SCP capacity
planned indicate continuing Soviet belief in the util-
ity of SCP to supplement grain production (figure
7). (S
Soviet licensing of methanol-based processing tech-
nology or purchase of turnkey plants would be a
key indicator of their intentions to develop metha-
nol-based SCP production. The Soviets could also
choose to use domestic technology and equipment.
In this case imagery would likely provide the initial
indications of a Soviet program to develop metha-
nol-based SCP. (s
Secret
NOFORN
Secret 8
Cellulose-Based SCP
Petroleum-Based SCP
Methanol-Based SCP
Note: Production capacity over 2.3 million metric tons
is based on reported Soviet plans.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Appendix A
Name
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Topped
Tanks
Reported
Capacitytl
Akhmeta Cellulose
SCP Plant
420315N 0451208E
Unknown
Seasonal
3
2,000
Amursk Cellulose and
Cardboard Combine
501407N 1365112E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
10
20,000
Andizhan Cellulose
SCP Plant
404602N 0722059E
Probably cotton plant
waste
Seasonal
5
Arkhangel'slk
Cellulose SCP Plant
Povrak ul'skiy
643850N 0403300E
Wood waste
Year-round
6
Archangelsk Cellulose
and Paper Plant
642530N 0404900E
Wood waste
Year-round
6
Astrakhan Cellulose
SCP Plant
462527N 0475832E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
7
Balakhna Cellulose
and Paper Combine
Pravdinsk
(Balakinsk)
563154N 0433355E
Sulfite liquor
Year-round
3
Baykalsk Paper and
Cellulose Plant
5131ION 1041210E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
8
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Reported
(Alternate Names)
Topped
Capacity
Geographic
Tanks
Coordinates
Beltsy Cellulose
Corncobs and sunflower
Seasonal
6
10,000
SCP Plant
seed hulls
474512N 0275335E
Bendery Cellulose
Unidentified waste
Seasonal
9
SCP Plant
vegetation
464756N 0292926E
Biryusinsk Cellulose
Wood waste
Year-round
9
SCP Plant
555800N 0974912E
Bobruysk Alcohol and
Wood waste and peat
Year-round
8
Wood Plant
530940N 0291320E
Bratsk Lumber,
Sulfite liquor
Year-round
16
Cellulose, and
Paper Complex
560716N 1013605E
Chernogorsk
Wood waste
Year-round
9
Cellulose SCP Plant
(Khakasskiy)
534835N 0912405E
Chimkent Hydrolysis
Unknown
Seasonal
6
Plant
42172I N 0693650E
Fergana Chemical
Probably cotton plant
Seasonal
6
7,000
Plant
waste
402212N 0714821E
Georgiyevsk
Cellulose SCP Plant
440930N 0432835E
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Topped
Tanks
Reported
Capacity
Gubakha Cellulose
SCP Plant
585058N 0574658E
Wood waste
Year-round
3
Ivano Frankovsk Food
Processing Plant 3
485612N 0244239E
Unknown
Seasonal
5
Kaliningrad
Cellulose and
Paper Combine 2
544209N 0202632E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
3
Kansk Hydrolysis
Plant
561137N 0954402E
Probably wood waste
Seasonal
5
Kedainiai Chemical
Plant
551618N 0240059E
Wood waste
Seasonal
7
12,000
Khor Hydrolysis
Plant
(Khorsk)
475228N 1345658E
Wood waste
Year-round
8
38,000
Kirishi SCP Planth
592935N 0320100E
Wood waste
Year-round
0
Kirov SCP Plant
(Kirovsk)
583650N 0493550E
Wood waste
Year-round
18
70,000
Klaipeda Cellulose
and Paper Combine
Sulfite liquor
Seasonal
3
554143N 0210815E
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Reported
(Alternate Names)
Topped
Capacity?
Geographic
Coordinates
Tanks
Kondopoga Cellulose
and Paper Combine
(Kondopozhsk)
Probably sulfite liquor
Seasonal
3
621115N 0341635E
Krasnodar Biochemical
and Vitamin Combine
Reportedly rice hulls
Seasonal
5
450135N 0390055E
Krasnokamsk Cellulose
and Paper Plant
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
4
580419N 0554620E
Krasnoyarsk
Hydrolysis Plant
Bisulfite liquor
Year-round
5
560200N 0930220E
Kropotkin Chemical
Plant
Reportedly corn cobs,
rice husks, and
Seasonal
452546N 0403536E
sunflower stalks
Kzyl-Orda Cellulose
SCP Plant
Possibly sulfite liquor
Year-round
3
44520I N 0652658E
Leningrad SCP Plant
Wood waste
Seasonal
3
27,000
595345N 0301455E
Lesozavodsk
Cellulose SCP Plant
Wood waste
Year-round
9
28,000
452820N 1332300E
Lobva Cellulose
SCP Plant
Wood waste
Seasonal
6
591058N 0603225E
Manturovo Cellulose
SCP Plant
Wood waste
Year-round
16
70,000
581802N 0444545E
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Topped
Tanks
Reported
Capacity
Nartkala Cellulose
SCP and Chemical Plant
433323N 0435048E
Unknown
Seasonal
4
Neman Cellulose
SCP Plant
550235N 0220155E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
3
Onega Cellulose
SCP Plant
(Onezhsk)
635538N 0380435E
Wood waste
Year-round
5
Parfino SCP Plant
Under Construction
575900N 0313925E
Pershino Cellulose
SCP Plant
(I vdel)
60394 I N 06031 17 E
Wood waste
Seasonal
5
4,821
Priozersk Cellulose
SCP Plant
610258N 0300940E
Probably wood waste
Seasonal
4
Rechitsa Cellulose
SCP Plant
5221 ION 0302655E
Wood waste
Seasonal
8
Saratov Chemical
Combine
5130I0N 0455835E
Wood waste
Year-round
5
Segezha Cellulose
and Wood Combine
6344 ION 0341940E
Wood waste or sulfite
liquor
Seasonal
5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Soviet Cellulose-Based SCP Plants (continued)
Name
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
Growth Media
Availability
Open-
Topped
Tanks
Reported
Capacity"
Sokol Cellulose
Combine Kuybyshev
592712N 0400936E
Wood waste or sulfite
liquor
Seasonal
3
Sokol Cellulose and
Paper Combine
Sverdlovd
592832N 0400334E
Sulfite liquor
Seasonal
2
Solikamsk Cellulose
and Paper Combine
591446N 0564002E
Sulfite liquor
Year-round
8
Sovetsk Cellulose
SCP Plant
550530N 0215340E
Wood waste or sulfite
liquor
Year-round
3
Syas'stroy Cellulose
Combine
600745N 0323345E
Probably sulfite liquor
Year-round
3
Syktyvkar Cellulose
SCP Plant
Sloboda
614935N 0504350E
Wood waste
Year-round
12
28,000
Tallinn Cellulose
Paper Combine
Kingisepp
592533N 0244705E
Reportedly sulfite
liquor
Year-round
4
Tavda Wood Chemistry
Plant
580425N 0651442E
Wood waste
Seasonal
9
Tulun Alcohol Plant
Wood waste
Seasonal
8
543227N 1003542E
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name Growth M
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
edia
Availability
Open-
Topped
Tanks
Reported
Capacity
Turinsk Cellulose Wood wa
Plant liquor
580147N 0634315E
ste or sulfite
Seasonal
3
Volgograd Hydrolysis Unidentif
Plant vegetation
484015N 0442752E
ied waste
Seasonal
13
Volzhsk Paper Plant Wood wa
555057N 0482256E
ste
Year-round
11
21,000
Vyborg Cellulose and Probably
Paper Plant Sovetskiy
603243N 0284045E
sulfite liquor
Year-round
1
Yangiyul' Ambari-h
Biochemical Plant cotton-pl
410615N 0690310E rice hulls,
emp tow,
ant waste,
wood waste
Seasonal
9
7,000
Zaporozhye Cellulose Wood wa
SCP Plant
474925N 0351302E
ste
Seasonal
10
11,000
Zima Cellulose
SCP Plant
535540N 1020439E
a Capacities are given in metric tons per year.
h This plant also produces SCP from petroleum.
C This figure is probably incorrect. The more likely capacity of this plant
is about 1,800 to 3,000 metric tons.
d One of the Sokol plants is also known as Sukhona.
This appendix is Secre
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Secret
Appendix B
Name
Fermentation Tanks Capacitya
(Alternate Names)
Complete Under 1983
1985
Geographic
Coordinates
Construction
Total
82 21 820,000
1,030,000
Angarsk SCP Plant
I 1 1 110,000
120,000
Design capacity of
522910N 1035830E
120,000 tons reported in
1970.
Gor'kiy SCP Plant
7 0 70,000
70,000
Design capacity of
(Kstovo, Novogorskiy)
70,000 tons reported in
560635N 0440700E
1974.
Kirishi SCP Plant
9 0 90,000
90,000
This plant also produces
592935N 0320100E
SCP from wood waste.
Kremenchug SCP Plant
8 2 80,000
100,000
Design capacity of 120,000
491055N 0332855E
tons reported in 1980.
Mozyr SCP Plant
0 5 0
50,000
Design capacity of 300,000
515434N 0291731E
tons reported in 1978.
Polotsk SCP Plant
12 1 120,000
130,000
Design capacity of 120,000
(Novopolotsk)
tons reported in 1981.
553300N 0283400E
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5
Name
Fermentation Tanks Capacity'
(Alternate Names)
Geographic
Coordinates
Complete
Under 1983
Construction
1985
Ufa SCP Plant
(Baskhir, Novoufimskiy)
550210N 0560120E
15
6 150,000
210,000
Volograd SCP Plant
(Svetloyarsk)
20
6 200,000
260,000
432810N 0444435E
'All capacities are given in metric tons per year. Figures given are for
the capacity of equipment installed. All this equipment may not be in
operation. Detailed information on the construction chronologies for
these plants is available on request.
Design capacity of 180,000
tons reported in 1975.
Design capacity of 240,000
reported in 1975.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/17: CIA-RDP91TO1115R000100080002-5