A REVIEW OF SELECTED SOVIET ARTICLES ON FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE 1929-1957

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01426R009800010002-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 177
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 1, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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A REVIEW
of
SELECTED SOVIET ARTICLES
FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE
1929 - 1957
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/09: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800010002-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/09: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800010002-5
REVIEW
of
SELECTED SOVIET ARTICLES
on
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE
1929 - 1957
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/09: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800010002-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/09 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800010002-5
1. PREFACE'
?
In preparing this report, on the review of Soviet literature concerned
with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) or matters relating to it, the reviewer
was guided by the "Suggested Scope, Coverage and Outline (appended and here-
after referred to as "Suggested Outline"). This Suggested Outline was agreed
upon by the Washington Office and the reviewer and his associates after con-
sultation in person and by correspondence. With some minor deviations this
outline was followed in the report. The deviations are noted in the appropri-
ate places. -
In this presentation, especially in Subdivision 6, Discussion, the
reviewer referred to the generally prevailing and accepted opinions on phases
of the RED complex, also included is information from the experiences or. ?
studies of the reviewer and others in FMD. Publication references to these
are included in a number of instances. Obviously this was done to give the
readers, who probably will have various degrees of acquaintance with the
subject, a better understanding of the review or certain portions of the
report.
, side from thR few general textbooype articles on RED (Skopprokhov,
1952' ; Revo, 1956?1; Skomorokhov, l956'; and Ratner, L. S., 1956') and
those dealing primarily with rules, regulations and instructions involved in
the control of the disease, the Soviet FMD literature studied left the
reviewer with insufficient material to enable him to give the specific infor-
mation called for or implied in a goodly number of items listed in the
Suggested Outline.
The translations, in general appeared to be rather good. In many,
certain English words were used to describe conditions for which we ordinarily
use different words; for example, for infected - unsafe or adverse was used,
and for non-infected,- safe was used, et cetera. After these were learned,
confused statetents were cleared. The translation in a few instances was not
clear enough for the reviewer's purpose. On the whole, very little was lost
by inadequate translation.
One hundred and thirty-four publications were received. These were
published between 1929 and 1957. Six between 1929 to and including 1940,
and 14 from 1941 through 1951. From 1951 to and including 1957 there were
110 (813). The articles were numbered sequentially by the reviewer when
they arrived from Washington irrespective of the publication date; these
numbers are retained in the subdivision 7,, "References"0 and it is this
.number which appears as a superscript in the text reference.
The articles variAd in length from a single typewritten or photo printed
copy (No author, 19568') to 125 typewritten pages (Revo, 195681). While many
articles quoted authorities for Atatements made, only three gave detailed' -
references. Skomorokhov (1952)2! has 226 items in the reference table. Of
these only 5 referred to publications other than Russian; 45 to articles by
Skomorokhov and coworkers. L. S. Ratner (1956)91 gives 11 references in the
bibliography, 6 are foreign publicationsx mostly German of text or reference
book variety. S. 1. Ratner et al (1956)00 have 13 references with their
monograph - 5 Russian and 8 from other European countries.
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The personnel in the Washington office concerned with this project were
of tremendous assistance to the reviewer in the planning, working and in
reporting the review? In fact, every request for advice or material help
(maps, related material et cetera) received prompt attention? There were
consultations in Washington, at the Plum Island Animal Diseasejiaboratory on
Long Island, in Cleveland, and-on two occasions at the University of California
in Berkeley. If more assistance should have been giVen, it-was the reviewer's
fault for not asking for it. The Washington Office was deeply interested in
the project and showed unlimited patience with the reviewer.
The review was made to obtain information on the prevalence, extent and
impact of RAD on the Soviet economy and politics; to determine the progress
in prevention, control and eradication of the disease, and the means and
methods to accomplish these objectives. It was undertaken to learn and assess
the trends and programs, and accomplishments in control and in research. In
addition it was desired to report on facilities and the capabilities to
accomplish these and to evaluate and compare the Soviet programs with those
of other countries to indicate whether or not any or portions of these
programs, proposed and accomplished, in research and control Should be
adopted or further .studied in other countries.
In a general sense answers to these were obtained, It will be evident
from what has been stated above and from the body of the report that the
answers to many of the above would have to be that not enough information was
available, or at least not published, to give the reviewer opinions. In many
areas a reasonably good evaluation was obtained.
To include supplements to the various subdivisions of the report was
decided after the writing of the report had already been started. It was a
sort of a compromise between not giving enough and giving too much in the
body of the report. It appeared highly desirable that the reader should have
a further look into the original if he desired, to see the bases for state-
ments made in the report, without having to consult the entire article which
might not be available to him.
The reviewer realizes that the repOrt needs more editing and perhaps
some improvement in organization and he regrets thathis planning and timing
were not more carefully husbanded. To his shortcomings were added other
handicaps such as lack of facilities and assistance at certain critical
stages and the appearance of other barriers which were not, or could not
have been anticipated. It was hoped that an opportunity would have presented
itself to enable further editing and perhaps rearrangement of the final
report before submitting it to Washington. Perhaps an opportunity to do this
will be made available even after acceptance of the report.
11
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SUGGESTED SCOPE, COVERAGE AND OUTLINE
1. Preface
Includes publishing notes, references to other studies, explanation of
unusual features of the paper, acknowledgements of coordination and the
information cut-off date. It also points out the general meaning and
implications of the study and sets the stage for the reader.
2. Contents Page
Headings and subheadings that appear in the paper including the appendices
are tabulated. Figure legends and titles of tables are given in separate
lists that follow the table of contents.
3. Problem
To assess the status of foot and mouth disease.... .through an evaluative
analysis of the current problem, control measures, and research and develop-
ment.
4. Conclusions
In 1-4 paragraphs, these should incisively answer or bear on the basic
questions for which the study was initiated. For example, they might include:
a. An evaluative comparison of the level of development and competency
of FMD research in the area of interest versus elsewhere.
b. Trends in FMD research (both basic and applied, but with emphasis on
the latter), particularly as they might influence development of new
or improved techniques for prevention, control or eradication of the
disease.
c. Current status of developments as they may affect FMD capabilities
in the future.
d. Significant research findings worthy of Western confirmation.
e. Unorthodox or bizarre research approaches and interests in FMD.
5. Summary
Briefly highlights in an abridged, but all-inclusive version, the major
evidence and argumentation covered in the Discussion relating to and sub-
stantiating the Conclusions. Insofar as possible, describe in non-technical
language to aid the reader. (Usually 3-4 manuscript pages).
6. Discussion
A. HISTORY
It is desirable to know history of occurrence, how long the disease has
been recognized, when it reached epizootic proportions, types of viruses
iii
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encOuntered, etc. However, emphasis should be placed on significant facts
and developments, particularly since World War II. Include outstanding
research achievements.
B. THE CURRENT PROBLEM OF FMD
(1) General - directed primarily to relationship of FMD to the national
economy.
(2) Epizootiology
(a) Introduction
(b) Geographic distribution
(c) Prevalence - (Include incidence in specific areas and the relative
. , prevalence between areas; mortality rates, etc.)
(d) Natural susceptibilities - (by breed, species, age groups,
and types, such as draft, dual-purpose, dairy, etc.)
(e) Seasonal variations ,
(f) Virus.iypes encountered - sub-types recognized
(g) Sources of infection
(h) Reservoirs