THE CZECHOSLOVAK BORDER GUARD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 126
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2013
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: February 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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CONFIDENTIAL
THE CZECHOSLOVAK
BORDER GUARD
HANDBOOK
CONFIDENTIAL
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Information received by this headquarters concerning the
PS during the past two years was such that it dictated compilation
and publication in book form.
Detailed Order of Battle information concerning units
along the East German and Austrian Borders is definitely lacking,
but known patterns and systems permitted accurate estimates,
many of which have subsequently proved correct. Such holdings,
based merely on conjecture, are so indicated in the text.
It is intended that this publication present a complete
picture of the Czechoslovak Border Guard and serve as a ready
reference for all interested agencies.
The attached overlays for the 1:25, 000 AMS map series
depict the obstacles, fortifications and billets as they now exist
along the West German border.
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Li
The Border
21
Observation Towers
23
Electrified Fences
24
Mines, Flares, Plowed Strip
30
"Dragons Teeth"
32
AA Towers and Air Force Personnel
34
Bunkers
35
CHAPTER III
The Brigade
37
Equipment Table
40
Organizational Chart
41
CHAPTER IV
The Battalion
50X1-HUM
42
Reserve Company
CHAPTER V
The Company
Uniforms and Insignia
CHAPTER VII
Personnel Actions
Induction
Assignments
Mail Censorship
Leaves and Passes
Morale
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82
82
82
83
83
83
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Discharge
83
Dispatch of STB Agents
92
The PX
84
Defensive Section
92
Reenlistment
84
Operations
93
Dependent Quarters
84
Administration
93
Messing
84
Offensive
93
Duty Hours
84
Defensive
98
Marriage
84
Research Material
99
Civilian Clothing
85
Intelligence Training
99
Reenlistment Leaves
85
Civilian Clothing
100
Annual Leaves
85
Transportation
101
Female NCO's
85
Identification
101
Discipline
85
Liaison
102
Awards
86
Counterintelligence
d Allowances
P
87
CHAPTER IX
ay an
Bachelor Quarters
87
Training
105
CHAPTER VIII
Basic
105
Intelligence
88
Cadre
107
Organization
88
NCO School
107
Positive Section
88
Unit Training
109
Missions
88
Headquarters Training
110
ent Recruitment and Vetting
A
89
CHAPTER X
g
Cover Addresses
90
Supply
112
Cover Names
91
Organizational Equipment
113
Rendezvous Arrangements
91
Officer and NCO Clothing
113
Training and Equipping Agents
91
Replacement Issues
115
Communications
92
Exchange and Repair
115
Payment of Agents
92
Food Supplies
116
Repair Facilities
116
Laundry
116
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Propaganda
142
Officers Schools
117
Receptiveness of Troops
142
Recruitment
117
Political Organizations
142
Organization
118
The KSC
143
nia
Insi
119
g
The CSM
143
Schedules
120
Additional Duties of Political Officers
144
Pay
122
Cooperation with Local Organizations
144
Promotions
122
Contribution to Officer Efficiency Reports
144
Communist Party
122
Evaluations Completed by Political Officers
145
Morale
122
Inspections of Classes
School Staff
123
Relationships Political Officers- and Unit Commanders
145
Service Unit
123
CHAPTER XIV
Course of Instruction
123
The Danube River Patrol
146
Summer Training
128
Supplementary Course
130
Equipment
149
Examinations, Graduation, Assignment
131
CHAPTER XVI
CHAPTER XII
Laws Pertainin
to P
t
ti
f St
t
d
B
6
g
ro
ec
on o
a
e
or
ers
1
2
Signal Communications
CHAPTER XVII
Al
abetical List of Pe
s
liti
6
p
r
ona
es
1
9
Political Indoctrination
137
177
Subject Matter
137
Organization of Classes and Schedules
137
Recording Attendance and Grading
138
Punishment for Missing Classes
139
Semi-Annual Examinations
139
Enlisted Political Assistants
140
Unit Political Indoctrination Room
140
Cultural Activity Program
141
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The present Czechoslovak Border Guard was activated by the
Ministry of National Security during May 1950 and its final establishment
under control of the Ministry of National Security was defined by a law
of the Czechoslovak National Assembly on 11 July 1951. The mission of
the Border Guard, as stated by the assembly, is that of "protection of
the working classes from Western influence and particularly of
severing Czechoslovak underground contact with outside help. "
Prior to September 1950. the Border Guard opposite the US
Zone, Germany, comprised four battalions of the National Security
Corps (SNB) located at KARLOVY VARY, PILSEN, SUSICE, and
CESK E BUDEJOVICE. Army troops augmented SNB patrols in the
control of this portion of the border. The total number of personnel
employed in safeguarding the border probably did not exceed 3, 000.
With the activation of PS, the forces employed along the US Zonal
Border expanded into five Brigades of four battalions each.
These five Brigades were gradually increased in strength to
a current total of approximately 12, 000. Two other Brigades were or-
ganized along the East German, Polish Border, and three other Brigades
along the Austrian border.
The manpower required for the PS organization was procured
initially in late 1950 by transferring troops from Army divisions into
the ranks of the existing SNB battalions. Beginning in 1951, a new
method of personnel procurement was established. Conscripts were
inducted during June and July and assigned directly to PS training
units. The individuals selected were screened for political reli-
ability in an effort to obtain trustworthy recruits. Late 1951, the PS
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brigades received the first replacements trained in accordance with
the policies of the Ministry of National Security. Officer personnel were
initially procured by promotion of former SNB NCOs and by transfer
from the army. Border controls were gradually improved by the in-
stallation of border obstacles, observation towers, and removal of
inhabitants and buildings from the border area. Special document-
ation is now required for any person living, or working in or near the
border area.
The total strength of the PS is estimated to be 25, 000, the
strength of each brigade being about 2, 000. It has been reported that
three additional brigades- exist along the Polish border, however,
this has not been confirmed and the limited patrolling effected in this
area is believed to be accomplished by the SNB.
Very little information is available on the Danube River Patrol.
Its existence and functions are well confirmed but nothing is known of
its organization. This unit employs an ordinary type "speed boat" to
accomplish its mission. Approximately one year ago, its headquarters
was moved from KOMARNO to SAMORIN on the Danube.
Generally PS Brigades are organized into four battalions of
five companies each. The brigade is generally responsible for from
sixty to eighty km of border area and the battalion from fifteen to
twenty km. This, of course, depends on the terrain to be patrolled.
It will be noted that the brigades along the Austrian border contain
five battalions each, while the 9th and 10th Brigades on the West
German Border contain only three. Previously the 4th, 9th, 10th,
and 15th brigades all had four battalions, however, subsequent to the
Soviet evacuation of Austria a battalion headquarters from each of the
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9th and 10th was transferred intact to the 4th and 15th brigades on the
Austrian border. The companies in the 9th and 10th brigades were re-
distributed among the remaining three battalions headquarters, and
new companies were formed in the 4th and 15th brigades under the
supervision and control of the newly assigned battalion headquarters.
This augmentation more than likely did not total more than 500 men.
PS recruits are usually carefully screened for political reliabi-
lity. Very few are not Communist Party or Youth Organization mem-
bers. When considering the nature of their duties the reason for this
is obvious. Such screening, to include necessary CI investigations is
accomplished in the time interval between registration for the draft
and actual induction.
In the event of hostitities, PS units could offer liffle effective
defense of their borders. They would, however, constitute a partially
trained replacement pool for other elements of the armed forces, if
this is the role for which they are intended. Because these persons
generally are more reliable politically, it may well be that they would
be used in a role with the VS in anti-guerrilla work, protection of rear
areas and lines of communication and control of the civilian populace.
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ORDER OF.BATTLE
CHAPTER I
ORDER OF BATTLE
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PS HEADQUARTERS........... PRAGUE-SMICHOV
MAIN ADMINISTRATION OF PS AND VS.... PRAGUE Brig Gen Hlavacka,
L (Deputy Minister
of Interior)
COMMANDER OF PS........ Colonel Duda, M
CHIEF OS STAFF, PA....... Colonel Sixta
3 PS Brigade KARLOVY VARY
4 PS Brigade ZNOJMO
5 PS Brigade CHEB
7 PS Brigade SUSICE
9 PS Brigade POBEZOVICE
10 PS Brigade VOLARY
11 PS Brigade BRATISLAVA
12 PS Brigade PLANA
15 PS Brigade CESKE BUDEJOVICE
19 PS Brigade DECIN
Danube River Patrol SAMORIN
HAKEN Political School (Advanced for all Armed Forces)... PRAGUE
PS COMMANDERS OCS....... OLOMOUC
Political Officers School...... OLOMOUC
PS Intelligence School........ PRAGUE
Advanced Course Detachment Commanders.... BRUNTAL
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Unit
1 Bn
VIC ORASLN
US 0088
H
WQ 7712
1 Co
HORA SV KATERINY
US 8917
q
2 Co
BRANDOV
US 8612
1 Bn
JEMNIC E
WQ 4130
3 Co
KALEK
US 8104
1 C'o
SLAVONICE
WQ 2628
4 Co
KIENHAID
US 7605
2 Co
SLAVETIN
WQ 2925
5 Co
ULMBACH
UR 7399
3 Co
PISECNE
WQ 3323
2 Bn
KOVARSKA (SMIDBERK)
UR 6290
4 C
RANGIROV
WQ 3820
6 Co
KRYSTOFOVY HAMRY
UR 6796
o
5 Co
UHERCICE
XQ 0310
7 Co
VEJPRTY
UR 6096
2 Bn
VRANOV
WQ 6016
8 Co
NEUGESCHREISKE DOMKY
UR 6093
6 Co
STALKY
WQ 4913
9 Co
STOLZENHAIN
UR 5887
7 Co
SAFOV
WQ 5413
10 Co
BOZI DAR
UR 5286
8 Co
KRATOCHVILOVA HAJENKA
WQ 5814
3 Bn
NEJDEK
UR3977
9 C
CIZOV
WQ 6314
11 Co
UR 4789
o
10 Co
LUKOV
WQ 6611
12 Co
UR 3989
3 Bn
ZNOJMO
WQ 7712
13 Co
UR 3685
11 Co
PODMOLI
WQ 6812
14 Co
UR 3387
12 Co
HNANICE
WQ 7206
15 Co
UR 3084
13? Co
HATE
WQ 7802
16 Co
UR 2284
14? Co
JECMENISE
WQ 8301
KRASLICE (UR 2378) or LUBY
(SCHOENBACH UR 1570)
UR 1570
15? Co
JAROSLAVICE
WQ 9001
17 Co
MARKHAUSEN
UR 2081
4 Bn
HRUSOVANY N. JEVISOVKA
XQ 0310
18 Co
POCATKY
UR 1777
16? Co
DY JAKOVICE
WQ 9603
19 Co
KAMEN
UR 1575
17? Co
HEVLIN
XQ 0100
20 Co
HOR SCHOENBACH
UR 1472
18? Co
HRABETICE
XQ 0306
21 Co
VACKOV
UR 1368
19? Co
NOVO SEDLY
XQ 0 910
22 Co
UR 1167
20? Co
MIKULOV
XQ 2007
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4 PS BRIGADE
Unit
Location
Unit
5 Bn
BRECLAV
XQ 3903
1 Bn
HRANICE
TR 9876
21? Co
SEDLEC
XQ 2404
1 co
HORNI TROJMEZI (WINKEL)
TR 9577
22? Co
VALTICE
XQ 2900
2
Co
TROJMEJI II ?
TR 9878
23? Co
BORI DVUR
XP 3598'
-
3 Co
HRANICE
UR 0076
24? Co
LANZHOT
ZP 4498
4 Co
PASTIVINY (FRIEDENSREUTH)
TR 9773
25? Co
RUSKE DOMY
XP 4391
5 Co
THONBRUNN
UR 0073
6 Co
DOUBR AVA (KRUGSREUTH)
UR 0372
2 Bn
AS
TR 9967
7 Co
UJEZD
UR 9471
8 Co
STITARY
TR 9669
9 Co
KRASNA
TR 9868
10 Co
AS
TR 9966
11 Co
NOVY ZDAR (NEUENBRAND)
UR 0164
3 Bn
HAZLOV
UR 0560
12 Co
PASEKY (DOLREUTH)
UR 0368
13 Co
HORREUTH
UR 0567
14 Co
BAERENDORF
UR 0563
15 Co
VOJTANOV
UR 0860
16 Co
VEL RYBNIK
UR 1062
17 Co
PATA?
UR 0362
18 Co
POLNA (HALBGEBAEU)
UR 0359
4 Bn
CHEB
UR 1251
19 Co
LIBSTEJN
UR 0256
20 Co
MARKHAUSEN
UR 0454
21 Co
MUELBACH or DOLNI KUNREUTH
UR 0651
22 Co
HORNIKUNREUTH
UR 0649
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7 PS BRIGADE
Unit
23 Co
UR 1049
Hq
UQ 9254
5 Bn
CHEB
UR 1251
1 B
NYRSKO
U
646
n
Q
1
24 Co
SVATY KRIZ
UR 1047
1 Co
CERVENE DREVO
UQ 5863
25 Co
KRASNA LIPA
UR 1245
2 Co
SVATA KATERINA
UQ 5859
26 Co
ST KYNSPERK
UR 1345
3 Co
STIEGLHOF
UQ 6058
27 Co
KOZLY
UR 1543
ZADNI CHALUPY
UQ 6255
28 Co
MYTINA (ST ALBENREUTH)
UR 1742
ZOLNEROVSKY
UQ 6554
2 Bn
ZELEZNA RUDA
UQ 6145
6 Co
KEUEZWINKEL
UQ 6652
7 Co
CERNE JEZERO
UQ 6749
8 Co
HOJSOVA STRAZ?
UQ 6846
9 Co
ALZBETIN
UQ 6943
DEBRNIK
UQ 7143
3 Bn
PRASILY
UQ 8140
11 Co
FALLBAUM
UQ 7543
12 Co
PLESNA
UQ 7741
13 Co
PLESO
UQ 8038
14 Co
POLEDNIK
UQ 8236
15 Co
HILL 1134
UQ 8434
4 Bn
MODRAVA
VQ 8931
16 Co
HILL 1092
UQ 8431
17 Co
SofHILL 1164
UQ 8628
18 Co
SCHWARZ
UQ 8825
19 Co
SVELE
UQ 9226
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- 9 PS BRIGADE
reassigned to the 4th Brigade'and'statioried at VRANOV. The com-
panies were redistributed among the remaining 3 Bns and the 3rd and
4th Bns were redesignated the 2nd and 3rd respectively. The exact
Hq
UQ 4286
redistribution of companies is not known, and the distribution shown
1 Bn
BELA N. RADBUZOV
UQ 3596
above is based on conjecture only.
1 Co
UQ 2595
2 Co
EISENDORFSKA HUT
UQ 2693
3 Co
PLES
'UQ 2691
4 Co
VACLAV
UQ 2890
5 Co
RYBNIK
UQ 3287
6 Co
SVARCAVA
UQ 2985
2 Bn
UQ 4376
7 Co
PADORF
UQ 3083
8 Co
DIANIN DVUR
UQ 3180
9 Co
GRAFENRIED
UQ 3278
10 Co
NEMANICE
UQ 3579
11 Co
CERNA REKA
UQ 3776
12 Co
CERKOV
UQ 3973
13 Co
ZAMECEK
UQ 3871
3 Bn
KOUT N. SUMAVE
UQ 5574
14 Co
BYSTRICE
UQ 4069
15 Co
FOLMAVA
UQ 4469
16.Co,
PRENET
UQ 4770
17 Co
MAXOV
UQ 5069
18 Co
VSERUBY
UQ 5467
19 Co
SRUBY
UQ 5565
NOTE: This Brigade previou-sly consisted of 4 Bns,
however, following
from Austria the 2nd Bn located at PIVON was
9
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10 PS BRIGADE
Austrian border. The 4th Bn was then redesignated the 3rd Bn.
Location
Hq
VOLARY
VQ 1818
KVILDA
UQ 9630
1 C o
PRAMENY
UQ 9526
Z C0
BUCINA
UQ 9725
3 Co
KOTA
UQ 9723
4 Co
KNIZECI PLANE
UQ 9823
5 co
ZDAREK
VQ 0021
6 Go
SVETLE HORI
VQ 0118
STOZEC
VQ 1412
7 Co
HORNI SILNICE
VQ 0315
8 Co
DOLNI SILNICE
VQ 0616
9 Co
CESKY ZLEBY
VQ 1014
10 Go
KRASNA HORA
VQ 0911
11 Co
NOVE UDOLI
VQ 1109
12 Co
STOKA
VQ 1307
13 Co
TRISTOLICNIK
VQ 1304
3 Bn
VQ 2902
14 Co
VQ 1603
15 Co
VQ 1902
16 Co
SMRC INA
VP 2099
17 Co
ZVONKOVA
VP 2598
18 Co
RACIN
VP 2895
19 Co
KY.SELOV
VP 3193
NOTE: This Brigade was reorganized in September
1955 when the 2d Bn
Hq stationed at KUNZVART was reassigned to the 15th Brigade on the
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11 PS BRIGADE
11 PS BRIGADE
ti
L
Coordinates
Unit
Unit
on
oca
Hq
BRATISLAVA
XP 5635
20 Co
RADVAN
CT 0292
21 Co
KARVA
CT 1293
MALACKY
XP 4967
22 Co
LELED
CU 3303
1 CO
MORAySKY SV. JAN
XP04783
2 Co
LEVARE
XP 4775
3 Co
GAJARY
XP 4270
4 Co
UHORSKA VES
XP 3861
5 Co
SUCHORAD
XP 3858
2 Bn
STUPAVA
XP 5048
6 Co
7 Co
VYSOKA Pri MORAVE
DEVIN JEZERO
unk (Possibly
(Hochstetno)
XP 4548
8 Co
DEVINSKA NOVA VES
XP 4743
9 Co
DEVIN
XP 4837
10 Co
KARLOVA VES
XP 5136
3 Bn
BRATISLAVA
XP 5635
11 Co
PETRZALKA
XP 5633
12 Co
PETRZALKA
XP 5633
13 Co
JAROVCE (HORTVATJARFALU)
XP 5726
14 Co
RUSOVCE (OROSZVAR)
XP 6025
15 Co
CUNOVO (DUNACSUN)
XP 6422
4 Bn
KOMARNO
BT 8494
16 Co
GUTOR
XP 6723
17 Co
BAKA
XP 8908
18 Co
ZLATA NA OSTROVE
YN 2396
19 Co
IZA
BT 9392
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HR PLANA
1 Bn DOLNI ZANDOV
l co OLDRICHOV
2Co DYLEN?
3Co MOHELNA
4 Co LOHHAEUSER
2 Bn HALZE
Special Mounted Co BROUMOV
5 Co BROUMOV
6 Co TISINA
7Co BRANKA
8 Co JALOVY DVUR
9Co PAVLUV STUDENEC
3 Bn LESNA
10 Co PAVLOVAHUT
11 Co VRSICEK?
12 Co NEV WINDISCHGRAETZ
13 Co ST POCHR
14 Co JEDLINA
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UR 3726
UR 2443
UR 1940
UR 2139
UR 1935
UR 2334
UR 2522
UR 2629
UR 2629
UR 2227
UR 2122
UR 1823
UR 1820
UR 2214
UR 1918
UR 1615
UR 1414
UR 1611
UR 1809
UR 2305
UR 2007
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12 PS BRIGADE
Unit Location
16 Co
17 Co
18 Co
19 Co
CONFIDENTIAL
HILL 623
UR 2204
UR 2203
Vic UR 2301
UR 2600
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15 PS BRIGADE
Unit
20 Co
S of KUNSACH
VQ 9710
Hq
CESKE BUDEJOVICE
VQ 6125
21 Co
RAPSACH
VQ 9514
PREDNI VYTON
VP 3987
22 Co
FRANTISKOV
VQ 9515
1 Co
KORANDA
VP 3185
23 Co
CHLUM
VQ 9423'
2 Co
REITERSCHLAG
VP 3484
24 Co
STANKOVSKA HAJ
VQ 9827
3 Co
SPALENISTE
VP 3883
5 Bn
NOVA BYSTRICE
WQ 0729
4 Co
FRANTOLY
VP 4682
25 Co
PERSLAK
WQ 0431
5 Co
MLYNEC
VP 5281
26 Co
ARTOLEC
WQ 0928
6 Co
HERSCHLAK
VP 5783
27 Co
ST HUTE
WQ 1324
KAPLICE
VP 6398
28 Co
ROMAVA
WQ 1322
7 Co
DOLNI DVORISTE
VP 5988
29 Co
STARE MESTO
WQ 1828
8 Co
SVATY KAMEN
VP 6289
9 Co
CETVINY
VP 6684
10 Co
PRIBRANY
VP 7087
11 Co
ULRICHOV
VP 7485
12 Co
POHORI
VP 7884
3 Bn
NOVY HRADY
VQ 8304
13 Co
STRIBRNE HUTE
VP 7987
14 Co
ZOFIN
VP 7792
15 Co
SEJBY
VP 8397
16 Co
NOVE HRADY
VQ 8304
17 Co
FISCHEROVY CHALUPY
VQ 9204
18 Co
CESKE VELENICE
VQ 9701
SCHDOL N. LUZNICI
VQ 9015
19 Co
KRABONOS
VQ 9606
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1 Co
2 Co
3 Co
4 Co
5 Co
6 Co
7 Co
8 Co
9 Co
10 Co
3 Bn
11 Co
12 Co
13 Co
14 Co
15 Co
4 Bn
16 Co
17 Co
18 Co
19 Co
20 Co
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19 PS BRIGADE
Location Coordinates
JABLONNE VS 8324
HRADEK N. NISOU VS 8934
PETROVICE VS 8429
HORNI LICHTENWALD:'
VS 773Z'
VS 7337
VS 7440
RUMBURK VS 6844
SCHOENBORN (or KRASNA LIPA) VS 6640
RUMBURK VS 6844
FILIPOV VS 7248
JIRIKOV (GEORGSWALDE) VS 7149
JIRKOV VS 6952
MIKULASOVICE VS 5546
SLUKNOV VS 6150
HANSPACH VS 5552
HILGERSDORF* VS 5256
WOELMSDORF or EINSIEDEL VS 5048
MIKULASOVICE VS 5546
DECIN VS 4425
Zd JETRICHOVICE* VS 5538
HERRNSKRETSCHEN VS 4736
SCHNEEBERG VS 3627
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VS 3126
VS 2425
CONFIDENTIAL.
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19 PS BRIGADE
Unit Location
KOSTANY VS 1212
21 Co VOITSDORF VS 1919
22 Co Zd CINWALD VS 1321
23 Co MOLDAVA VS 0519
24 Co CESKY JIRETIN US 9919
25 Co DOLNI POUSTEVNA (EINSIEDEL) US 9409
Units which have not been reported, but which zhoul? logically
FRYDLANT and NOVE MESTO have also been reported as Bn Hq.
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CSD DR
,~~t,, Peefltelsivi dfinh
P't z-e n? R"e z n o.
?, :>> : ;: ['?;L P~-ini uiad Hof
Siding h!anice
UUI2cvrri hfanice
hm29'60l
The terrain in the immediate vicinity of the Czech border is
divided, for security purposes, into a Restricted Zone and a Bor-
der Zone. The Restricted-Zone consists of a strip approximately
600 meters in width paralleling the border inside Czechoslovakia.
The Border Zone is a strip adjacent to the Restricted Zone and
ranges generally from 3-10 kilometers inside Czech territory.
These zones are marked by-signs on 2 meter wooden posts spaced
at 100 meter intervals reading:
ATTENTION! !
RESTRICTED ZONE
ENTRY PROHIBITED
ATTENTION!!
BORDER ZONE
ENTRY BY PERMIT ONLY
(POZOR!!
ZAKAZANE PASMO VSTUP
ZAKAZAN)
(POZOR!!
HRANICNI PASMO
VSTUP JEN NA POVOLENI
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The civilian populace has been evacuated from the Restricted
Zone, and all man-made objects, to include whole villages, have been
razed to eliminate the possibilit; -f their being used for shelter by
illegal 'border crossers. In 1945 most of these villages were vacated
in accordance with the terms of the Potsdam Agreements and the
Sudeten German inhabitants returned to Germany. Resettlement of
the remaining populace was, therefore, no real problem. Unused
buildings in the Border Zone were also demolished for the same rea-
sons. The people left residing in the border were supposedly thoroughly
screened and adjudged politically reliable. The "Citizen's Identity
Document" in the possesion of a border area resident states that he
is legal resident of the Border Zone. The majority of these people
are known as "Border Settlers" who have been moved into this area
by the government to establish "agricultural cooperatives" under
provisions of the Sudeten area resettlement program. Dossiers are
kept on inhabitants of the area by the PS brigade headquarters in
whose area of responsibility they reside. A great many of these
people function as agents for PS intelligence agencies and/or The
State Security Police. These villages are, generally, very small and
all the inhabitants know one another. Strangers observed are usually
reported to proper authorities immediately. PS horse patrols conduct
identity document checks on roads and highways while the local police
accomplish this within the villages themselves. PS checks are accomp-
lished at irregular intervals at the discretion of the PS commanders.
Persons other than legal residents of the area can enter this zone only
with a special permit.
Within the Restricted Zone, cattle are often grazed by members
of local cooperatives. During the hours of darkness, however, the
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herds are removed from the area. Harvesting of hay within this area
is also accomplished by members of cooperatives. They work under
the supervision of armed PS guards and are kept closely grouped to-
gether. Such groups enter the Restricted Area only with special
"group permits. " Any person or group of persons entering this area
must report, with their permits, immediately to the PS Commander
of the area concerned. Patrols in the area are then apprised of
their presence and guards, when necessary, are assigned to accompany
the visitors.
The border itself is secured by an elaborate system of electri-
fied fencing, watch towers, foot, horse, and dog patrols, trip flares
and plowed strips of land. Information concerning the patrols is
covered in Chapter 5. Physical guarding devices include:
a. Observation Towers.
These are so located along the border that not only is the length of the
electrified fence in the sentry's area under observation at all times, but
CONFIDENTIAL
also the towers on either side of him. Two men equipped with binocu-
lars occupy these towers during the hours of daylight. A portable
telephone located in the tower is connected with the headquarters of
the responsible company. During the hours of darkness, the telephone
is connected to an outlet at the base of the tower where a stationary
sentry post is located.
b. Electrified Fences are of three types the first of
which is best described as an "X" type. This fence is relatively
new, and, as can be seen by the pictures, is almost completely electri-
fied. The second and oldest type fence consists of three parallel,
vertical fences approximately one and a half meters apart. The center
fence is higher than the other two and each center fence pole has a
horizontal "T" bar. Affixed to this "T" and to the rest of the pole are
4 to 7 strands of electrified wire. In addition all three fences are
connected by additional strands of barbed wire. The third type fence,
also relatively new is very similar to the second, but is distinguishable
by the absence of the "T" bar on the center fence. To prevent electri-
cal short circuits caused by foliage tile squares are often placed under
base wires.
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The current in these fences is usually only turned on during
the hours of darkness or during alerts, and can only be cut during
these times with the permission of the Brigade Commander. The
controls, however, are located in individual company orderly rooms.
A pilot light indicates whether or not current is being supplied to the
wire. The control box is equipped with an alarm which is set off by
objects making contact with the wire. Repair and maintenance of
these control boxes can only be accomplished by the battalion repair-
man and he alone has access to the transformer located in each com-
pany area.
A TYPICAL COMPANY AREA WITH A TRANSFORMER
TO THE RIGHT REAR OF THE OBSERVATION TOWER
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In the triple row type fencing, padlocked gates are used for
access to the plowed strip etc. The center gate has a switching de-
vice which can redirect the current from the gate itself to an over-
head conductor.
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Tunnels under the fencing are also utilized for access to the
outside. These tunnels are usually located near a tower where they
are under constant observation during daylight hours. The ends of
the tunnels are closed by padlocked trap doors. The inside door
being padlocked from the, outside and the outside door from the in-
side. A padlocked gate in the center of the tunnel also adds to the ?
security of this passage.
c. Mines. In 1952, and 1953 extensive use was made
of mines in the border areas, however, maintenance requirements
deterioration and resulting accidents rendered continued utilization
impractical and they were subsequently removed. Reports of mines
in border areas today are believed to be the result of observations
of trip flares and wires rather then mines.
d. Trip Flares are utilized on both sides of the
electrified fence and on the outside generally cover the entire border.
On the inside, however, they are placed only in likely routes of
approach to the border. A system of colors is very carefully planned
in order to avoid confusion between adjacent companies. During the fall,
spring and winter the elements cause flares to fire resulting in many false
alarms. For this reason fewer flares are utilized during these seasons
than during the summer.
e. A Strip of Land generally 10-12 meters in width is kept
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plowed outside of and adjacent to the electrified fence. These strips are
continuous along the entire border and are used to detect footprints of
illegal border crossers.
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being installed along the West German Border. When initially in-
stalled these obstacles are easily observed, but darken considerably
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g. Anti-aircraft Observation Towers and Early Warning
Radar are maintained in the border area by'members of the Air De-
fense Command. Blue uniforms often observed in the border areas
are those of CAF Personnel manning 'hese installations.
NOTE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS AA
OBSERVATION TOWER AND THOSE OF THE
P. S.
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h. Bunkers: Many bunkers have been constructed in the
border area during the past year, but are believed to be of a flimsy
structure which would afford protection against small arms only.
Because of the fact that PS troops generally feel they would be over-
whelmed if attacked, the construction of these bunkers is probably
for morale purposes rather than an effort to improve defenses.
TYPICAL BUNKERS
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It is emphasized for the guidance of border area sightseers
that the electrified fence does not delimit the border,. Its location
is governed by the nature of the terrain in the border area. The bor-
der itself is marked by small border stones which are not necessarily
obvious to the sightseer, and thus one can well be inside Czech
territory subject to apprehension and yet be some distance from the
fence. Moreover, Czech border guards, even though acting contrary
to orders have been known to fire on sightseers. They obviously do
not enjoy being gazed at in the nature of caged animals even though
this is their plight.
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- CONFIDENTIAL
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all personnel of the brigade and of its subordinate units.
Operations Section. Responsible for the planning and conduct of
border operations.
Organization (Personnel) Section. This section is responsible for
THE BRIGADE
The Brigade is directly subordinate to Border Guard Headquarters
in Prague, and has an average strength of 2, 000. The number of bat-
talions per brigade varies between three and five depending on the area
of responsibility. Other Brigade units include the Reserve Unit of
company size, brigade band, dispensary, and the training battalion.
Two types of brigades are reported to exist on the Czech borders.
The most common "A" type has a smaller overall area of responsi-
bility and a larger number of personnel assigned. The "B" type bri-
gade with less personnel and larger areas are those which face East
Germany (3rd and 19th). Very little information is available on the
"B" type, and example used herein is an "A" type.
MISSIONS AND TABLE OF ORGANIZATION
The Commanding Officer is responsible for the operation of the
entire brigade and its subordinate units.
Chief of Staff. The Chief of Staff is the brigade executive officer
and Deputy Commander. -
Political Section. (7 Officers and 1 NCO) This Section conducts
political training for the personnel of brigade headquarters, the
Reserve Unit and the NCO School. It also supervises political train-
ing conducted by battalion and company political officers. The Chief
of this section is a major. -Six other officers are also assigned.
Intelligence Section (See Chapter VIII)
Counter Intelligence Section (See Chapter VIII)
School and Training Section. This section supervises, organized
and schedules all training with the exception of political training for
CONFIDENTIAL
normal personnel matters.
Code and Signal Section. (See Chapter XII) (1 officer and 2 NCOs)
Weapons Section (2 officers and 2 NCOs) This unit repairs all
weapons of brigade headquarters, the NCO School, and the reserve
unit. It also is responsible for the issuance of weapons to all per-
sonnel including newly mobilized recruits assigned to the brigade.
The section also issues ammunition. Once or twice a month it con-
ducts an inspection of all brigade weapons including those of the
subordinate units.
Transportation Section. (3 officers and 3 NCOs) This section
furnishes transportation to other sections of brigade headquarters.
Only three drivers are directly assigned to it, however, and all other
drivers are furnished by the Reserve Unit. The Transportation
Section is responsible for the supervision, dispatch, and control of
all brigade vehicles and their maintenance.
Finance Section (4 officers and 1 civilian) This section handles
officer and enlisted pay for the entire brigade, although it does not
handle individual pay for battalion and company personnel. This is
accomplished by delivery of the payroll in bulk to battalion officers
for further distribution. It does not have anything to do with the
confidential funds handled by the Intelligence Section.
Rations Section (4 officers and 1 NCO) This section supervises
and organizes the procurement and distribution of all food supplies
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for the brigade, down to and including companies.
Building Maintenance Section (3 officers, 1 NCO and 1 civilian) This
section supervises the construction and maintenance of all buildings occupied
by the Brigade. It also operates the brigade carpentry shop.
Supply Section (3 officers, 2 NCOs and 1 civilian) This section
supervises procurement and distribution of all clothing supplies for
the entire brigade.
Secret Document Section and Message Center. (1 officer and 2 NCOs)
This section is responsible for classified document control, distribution
of mail and routing of military correspondence.
Engineer Technical Section. (2 officers and 1 NCO) This section
supervises the construction, maintenance, research and development
of all border guarding devices.
Medical Section (3 officers, 2 NCOs, 1 civilian) This section staffs
the brigade hospital.
The Brigade Reserve Unit consists of two rifle platoons, a mortar
platoon, a HMG Platoon and a Panzerfaust and RL platoon with a total
estimated strength of 200. The rifle platoons generally consist of men
whose political reliability is in doubt, and who are therefore not to be
trusted on the border. The platoons are led by MSgts who are graduates
of the NCO school and are working for a commission. They serve in this
capacity for two years before being commissioned. This unit furnishes
drivers, fatigue details etc., for the Brigade Hq, Their primary mission
is to reinforce Border Guard units in the event of an emergency.
The Training Battalion Each Brigade is responsible for the training
of it's own recruits and NCOs which is accomplished by the Brigade
training battalion. This unit is operational all year. It conducts a three
month basic training program for all newly inducted recruits and upon
completion of this cycle a nine month NCO schooling period is begun.
Candidates for non-commissioned officer ranks are selected from among
the recruits during the basic tr.+'~1 n., cle.
.9
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SOOQ
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40
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THE BATTALION
caA
O H
CONFIDENTIAL
In general the battalion headquarters is organized the same as
that of the brigade. The battalion, of course, has no training unit
and the battalion reserve company has a main peacetime mission of
border zone rear area security.
The battalion headquarters consists of:
Commanding Officer.
CONFIDENTIAL
This officer, a deputy commander, and an executive officer con-
centrates primarily on the supervision of the training, guard, and
communications sections.
Training Officer.
This officer plans and supervises all battalion training, except
political.
Guard Detail Officer.
This officer is responsible for the planning and execution of guard
duty in the battalion area of responsibility. He assists the commanders
of line companies in preparation of daily guard rosters and makes fre-
quent inspections of the guard details.
Communications Officer.
This officer is in charge of the battalion radio station and commands
the battalion commo section.
Political Officer.
The battalion political officer is responsible for the morale of the
members of the battalion. He holds meetings with the company political
officers concerning the state of the political education of the battalion,
and lectures on the themes assigned for study at political indoctrination
classes. Upon completion of such lectures the battalion political officer
conducts a question period making sure that the unit political officers
42
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absorbed the subject matter and are properly prepared to present
the same political instructions to the men of their units. There are
12 political themes assigned for study during the year.
Monthly reports on disciplinary actions and recommendations
for awards for exemplary conduct are made by the battalion political
officer to the brigade political officer,
Political Training Officer.
This officer is deputy battalion political officer and is pri-
marily responsible for the planning and supervision of political train-
ing within the companies.
Chairman of the Battalion KSC Organization.
The chairman of the battalion Communist Party organization
(KSC-Komministicka Strana Ceskoslovenska) presides at its weekly
seven-member board meetings and also conducts the monthly meet-
ings of the KSC organization. These meetings are attended by members
of all elements of the battalion. It is also the duty of this chairman
to recruit new members and obtain the cooperation of other battalion
KCS members for this purpose.
Chairman of the Battalion CSM.
The chairman of the battalion Czechoslovak Youth Organization
(CSM - Ceskoslovensky svaz maladeze) has duties similar to those
of the battalion KSC chairman.
The battalion CSM committee also
has weekly meetings rather than monthly as in the case with the KSC.
Supply Officer.
All requisitions for clothing and food are made through the
battalion supply officer which are in turn requisitioned from brigade
supply. Perishable food for the battalion and its subordinate units
is requisitioned from local-National Enterprise stores. To this officer
are directly responsible the battalion quartermaster storage manager,
43
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the battalion armorer, the battalion accountant for perishable food and
the NCO in charge of both battalion PCL storage and transportation.
Battalion Quartermaster Storage Manager.
The battalion quartermaster storage manager is in charge of
battalion quartermaster supply storage facilities. All subordinate
units of the battalion draw QM supplies from it. Organizational
laundry exchange is also handled here.
Battalion Armorer.
The battalion armorer periodically checks all weapons assigned to
the battalion and its subordinate units. These checks are in addition
to the semi-annual inspection of weapons conducted by the brigade
inspection team. The battalion armorer also is present on the firing
ranges for minor weapons repair and maintenance purposes. He also
keeps records of ammo consumption and requisitions needed ammo
from the brigade ammo dump. Cleaning material for individual weapons
is also drawn from the battalion armorer.
Battalion Accountant.
The battalion accountant is responsible for purchasing all perishable
food for the entire battalion, Purchases are made from local civilian
national enterprise stores. Funds are specifically allocated for this
purpose.
POL NCO.
Each battalion vehicle has a monthly allotment of fuel. The POL
NCO controls and maintains records of fuel consumption. When a
monthly allotment is exhausted the vehicle is simply "dead-lined".
Battalion Intelligence Officer.
(See Chapter VIII)
Battalion Counter-intelligence Officer.
(See Chapter VIII)
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Battalion Secret Document and Administrative Section.
This section is responsible for routine administration and
storage of classified documents. The battalion finance clerk is a
member of this section. A multigraph type reproduction machine
called a "Ciklestrej" is assigned to this section.
Medical Section.
The battalion dispensary has a capacity of about 10 beds. It is
staffed by one doctor, who is usually a conscript sergeant, one medical
NCO and one veterinarian, who is also a conscript sergeant. Both
the doctor and veterinarian have practiced their trade in civilian life.
Medical cases requiring special attention are sent either to the brigade
dispensary or some other military hospital in the vicinity. Dental
service is available only at the brigade dispensary.
However, the bri-
gad-_ dentist makes a dental survey of personnel about two or three
times a year. At these occasions he cares for cases requiring
immediate attention, with the use of portable equipment.
Coding Section.
As the name implies the section is responsible for the coding-
of classified messages.
Weapons, Transport and Equipment.
Weapons - The following weapons are issued to officers and
career NCOs assigned to the battalion staff sections:
Pistol ......... 7. 62 mm, Model 52, Semiautomatic.
SMGs.......... 7.62 mm, Model 25.
Transport - (1) Motor
The following vehicles are assigned to battalion headquarters and
are serviced and driven by members of the transportation platoon of
the reserve company.
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1 Tatra 21/4 ton truck.
1 RN Praga diesel three-ton truck
2 Skoda Tudor jeep type cars
1 Skoda Tudor sedan
6 JAVA motorcycles
1 two cylinder motorcycle, Soviet M-72
1 bicycle
1 Tractor, Model Z-15 (Zetor, Czech manufactured)
(2) Horse
The battalion may also be assigned one team of work horses with
a wagon, and three riding horses. The work horse team is used during
the winter for hauling supplies from brigade headquarters, hauling
hay from fields, etc. The riding horses are used by patrols controlling
passes of civilians within the border zone. Each battalion must provide
fodder for its assigned horses. The reserve company of the battalion
gathers hay from fields located in the Restricted zone for all horses
assigned to the battalion.
Fire Fighting Equipment.
The battalion has also been assigned one fire fighting trailer
which contains one motor pump and four reels of hose. One squad is
assigned to service this equipment. These men are selected from
members of the reserve company and have fire drills about once a
month.
Communications Equipment.
The communications section of the Reserve company operates all
battalion headquarters signal equipment, including the permanently in-
stalled battalion radio station. Three Model RO-Zl portable radios are
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assigned to the battalion headquarters. They are used during alerts
and while searching for alleged illegal border crossers. Collapsible
sound power type telephones are also used. (See Chapter V) The
normal telephone service equipment of the battalion, also serviced by the
battalion communications section, consists of one civilian type switch-
board with about 10 outlets. The telephones used at various offices
of the battalion headquarters are civilian type, without dials but pro-
vided with a handle device to ring the switchboard.
Storage and Supply of Battalion Weapons and Ammunition.
This battalion supply point houses the following reserve armament:
five to six semi-automatic rifles, five to six SMGs; several pistols;
one HMG and one LMG. It also has a supply of approximately 20 RG-4
grenades and the following types of special equipment:
Smoke pots 20 of one kilogram size
15 of one half kilogram size
15 of 10 kilogram size
Incendiary bottles 40 of one fourth liter capacity
The smoke pots listed above are used for tactical exercises, and some
are always kept in reserve for use in the event of hostilities. Some of
these generate yellow smoke and some black smoke. The incendiary
bottles are intended for use against armored vehicles and bunkers.
They are. of ordinary glass, dark green in color, and are filled with
an unidentified,oderless, dark blue and thick liquid. Prior to their
being discharged, a long, thin glass tube which contains an unidenti-
fied but colorless liquid is inserted. Officers and career NCOs of
battalion headquarters, keep their weapons and allocated ammunition
(240 rounds for the SMG and 16 rounds for the pistol) in their personal
wall lockers.
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The Reserve Company PS Battalion.
The title and the assigned strength of this unit has undergone
several changes since its inception. Thus it had been known as an
Auxiliary Platoon (pomocni ceta) from 1950 to 1952, a Headquarters
Company (Velitelska rota) from 1952 to 1953 and finally as a reserve
company (Zalozni rota) from 1953 to the present.
The primary mission of the Reserve Company is to reinforce the
companies of the battalion in case of open hostilities. The normal duties
of the company include: Guard duty in the battalion headquarters area;
guarding special control posts such as bridges over rivers, etc , check-
ing the identity of passengers traveling the local railroad lines; and
patrolling (on horseback) highways and roads in the Border Zone for
purposes of checking documentation of travelers.
Cf approximately 62 .-N! assigned to the Reserve Company (minus
the transportation and communications sections), about 15 or 20 are on
guard duty each 24 hour period. The others usually have drill or attend
classes in the morning, and perform various housekeeping details as
required in the battalion headquarters area in the afternoon.
Cornposition.
Members of the Reserve Company consist mainly of the less
politically reliable Border Guard conscripts. They are assigned to
this unit upon completion of their basic training or from the companies
subordinate to the battalion by request of intelligence officers. These
c. n3cripts are restricted in their duties, in that they can not perform
guard in the restricted zone or guard certain locations in the Border
Zone and are under constant surveillance by counterintelligence
officers through informers.
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For normal patrol activities 96 rounds per SMG and 60 rounds
per rifle are issued. Stored in the battalion armaments supply is a
basic load of 240 rounds per SMG and 120 rounds per rifle. This is
for emergency issue only of course.
Company Engineer Section.
An engineer section consisting of four EM theoretically service
the battalion. This is only on paper, however. Actually, engineers
are pooled from all battalions and are at the disposal of the brigade
engineer officer. They are engaged in maintenance of border fences
and other Border Guard structures, This group works as needed
throughout the entire area of the brigade's responsibility.
Organization of the Reserve Company of the PS Battalion.
Authorized Strength
Actual Approximate Strength
1 CO
1 Political officer
1 First Sgt
1 Rations clerk and asst 1st Sgt
(Career NCC - sergeant)
1 Transportation Section Chief
(Career NCO MSgt)
1 Commo Chief (Career NCO MSgt)
66 EM (Border Guard Conscripts)
1 Senior Lt
1 Lt
1 MSgt (Career NCO)
1 PFC (conscript)
1 SFC (Career NCO)
1 SFC (Career NCO)'':-
59 Conscripts.
The CO is also the platoon leader of the Inf Platoon of the Reserve
Company.
Each officer and career NCO is issued one model 52, 7. 62 mm pistol and
model 25, 7.62 min SMG
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Storage of Weapons.
Individual weapons assigned to Reserve company conscripts
and company LMGs and P-27 Pancerovka rocket launchers are kept
unlocked in racks located in the hallway of the company billets.
The CQ, is in charge of such weapons. The HMG assigned to the com-
pany HMG squad is kept in the squad room. The two tarasnice rocket
launchers assigned to the company are stored in the battalion armaments
supply room.
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Three types of companies exist in the PS and are employed in
accordance with the nature of the border area to which they are assigned.
Annual adjustments are made in these companies based on continuing
studies concerning the needs of any one unit. The three types are as
follows:
Type "A" has a strength of of EM and is organized into 3 rifle
squads, a heavy machine gun squad, a horse team and a dog team. This
type generally has a small area of responsibility in rugged terrain.
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Roving Horse Patrol
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Type "B" has a strength of 49 EM and is organized into 3
rifle squads, a horse team and a dog team. This type generally has a
large area of responsibility on more open terrain opposite a western
country.
Type "C" has a strength of 37 EM and is organized into 3
rifle squads only. This type is generally employed opposite another
Satellite.
In carrying out the mission of guarding the State border the com-
pany commander is given a reasonably free hand and adjusts his patrols
and company organization as he deems necessary. Regulations require
that 60 percent of a unit must be engaged in guard duties during the
hours of darkness and 40 percent during daylight hours. Preparation
of guard rosters is an exacting task and is accomplished by the com-
pany commander personally.
Regulations prescribe the following:
a. No man is to be assigned to the same guard post or patrol
more than twice in any one week.
b. Each post or patrol is to consist of two men, and one
of these must be an individual who has completed one year of service.
c. Each man is entitled to 24 hours free time each week.
He may or may not be allowed to leave the company area during this
time at the discretion of the CO.
d. Guard details are never to begin at the same time on
two consecutive days.
e. The 24 hour duty period begins at 1700 hours.
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Guard rosters are kept on file for a period of one year and are
subject to inspection by higher headquarters at anytime.
Patrols last from 2 to 8 hours depending on their nature. The
following is a typical schedule for one man for a 72 hour period:
1700-1730
1730-1900
1900-0100
0100-0130
0130-0830
0830-0900
0900-1200
1200-1400
1400-1530
1530-1700
1700-1730
1730-1900
1900-0200
0200-0800
0800-1000
100-1300
1300-1400
1400-1800
1800-1900
1900-2100
2100-0400
0400-0500
0500-1000
1000-1300
1300-1400
1400-1800
Company formation
Supper and preparation for guard duties
Border guard patrol
Care of personal weapon
Sleep
Breakfast
Training
Lunch and free time
Physical training
Housekeeping details
Company formation
Supper and preparation for guard duties-
Sleep
Roving patrol
Free time
Company area guard
Lunch & care of personal weapon
Training
Supper
Political training
Sleep
Breakfast and preparation for guard
Tower observation
Technical patrol
Lunch & free time
Training
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The following 17 duties are those which are assigned by the guard
Official Abbreviations Used
on the Daily Schedule
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Officer of the Day (Dozorci dustojnik roty).
Charge of Quarters (Dozorci roty)
Border Guard Patrol (Straz hranic)
Alert Investigation Patrol (Pozorovaci hlidka)
Observation Patrol in Towers (Pozorovaci hlidka)
Border Fence Surveillance (Dozor)
Control at Border Barricades (Hlidka u Hranicni
Zavory)
DDR
DR
SH
PchH
PzH
D
8.
Technical Patrol (Technicka hlidka)
9.
Roving Patrol (Pohybliva hlidka)
POH/p or POH/j
10.
Ambush (Lecka)
L
11.
Covert Patrol (Skryta hlidka)
SkH
12.
Escort Patrol (Eskorta)
E
13.
Liaison Patrol (Skykova hlidka)
StH
14.
Company Area Guard (Straz roty)
SR
15.
Guard Checking Detail (Kontrolova hlidka)
KH
16.
Mail Clerk Detail (Pohranicni posta)
PP
17.
Housekeeping Detail (Hospodarska hlidka)
Hop
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1. Officer of the Day (DDR-Dozorci dustojnik roty)
This duty is commonly referred to as "Operacni kustojnik" (opera-
tions officer) since the DDR is in charge of operations of guard patrols
during his tour of duty. All of the units assigned officers are subject
to this duty. Most of the companies have only two officers, the CO and
Political Officer (ZVP-Zastupce pro veci politicke). This means that
they have DDR duty every other day. The DDR's tour of duty begins at
1900 hours one day and ends at 1900 hours the following day. His duties
are to make sure that guard patrols are sent out on time and to make a
report by telephone to the battalion DDR every four hours regarding the
situation in the Border Area of the neighboring country; the existing
situation of the Restricted Zone; the situation in the Border Zone; the
condition of roads in the company area of responsibility; and the number
of working parties in the Restricted Zone.
The DDR must check the entire length of the border fence in the
area of responsiblility of his unit twice during the hours of darkness.
Company officers quarters are located near the company installation
so that they are readily available at all times.
2. Charge of Quarters (DR-Dozorci roty)
The DR's tour of duty is of 12 hour duration (1900 to 0700 hours).
He assists the officer of the day and also awakens EM scheduled for
various guard details. He must watch the blinking red light on the
switchbox which indicates that electricity is being supplied to the
fence. When the fence is charged with electricty, the pilot light re-
mains burning; it goes out whenever someone tampers with the
border fence wires. When the pilot light goes out an investigation of
the border fence is conducted immediately. The battalion electrician
is contacted to make the proper repairs.
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3. Border Guard (SH-Straz hranic)
This is a fixed type guard post located in the Restricted Zone.
It usually consist of a camouflaged shallow ditch located in likely avenues
of approach to the border. It is manned by two guards in the prone
position. A tour of duty at this post is of four hour duration.
4. Alert Investigation Patrol (PchH-Poplachova hlidka)
Two EM are assigned this duty for a four hour period. Thier bunks
are marked by special tags to facilitate locating them. Generally, guards
who have completed four hours of other guard duty are assigned this duty.
They are permitted to sleep in the squad rooms, but must remain fully
dressed. When the flare signal for an investigation patrol is observed
these men are immediately dispatched by the DR to the area in question.
(The signals are watched for by the sentry on duty in the company area. )
This patrol is usually summoned to detern'ine whether or not an illegal
border crosser is in the area, possible tampering with the border fence,
etc. They report their findings to the DDR who, in positive cases, calls
for an "action alert" ("bojovy poplach"). This preliminary investigation
is conducted to avoid unnecessary calls for action alert.
5. Observation Towers (PzH Pozorovaci hlidka)
The observation towers in the immediate border area are manned by
two men during the hours of daylight. Generally, the first two guards
remain in the tower for eight consecutive hours. Their relief remains
until approximately 1800 hours, and is then assigned some other type
of duty for the remaining four hours.
6. Border Fence Surveillance (D-Pozor)
This two-man patrol is carried out only during the hours of darkness
and has the mission of checking the barbed wire border fence for tampering.
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This walking patrol is generally of four hours duration, during which
time the entire length of the border fence within the company's area of
responsibility is checked. In the event cuts in the fence are discovered,
the patrol requests, by means of color flares, the. alert investigating
patrol.
7. Control at Border Barricades (H-Hlidka u hranicni zavory)
This two-man patrol is posted at road blocks leading into the
Border Zone and is gnerally of eight hours duration. Every individual
entering 'and leaving the Border Zone is required to have a special permit
from District Headquarters of Public Security (Okresni velitelstvy verejni
bezpecnosti), except the people living in the Border Zone area. These
people have a statement in their identity papers (Obcansky prukaz)
which authorizes them to enter the Border Area.
A Typical Road Block
in the Border Zone.
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8. Technical Patrol (TH-Technicka hlidka)
This is a detail rather than a patrol. The two EM assigned to it
cut the grass in the border fence area, clear it of all matter which would
obstruct its full view, replace or repair unserviceable fence posts, and
in general maintain the border fence. This type of detail is usually of
four-hour duration.
9. Roving Patrol (POH-Pohybliva hlidka)
The two-man roving patrol, either mounted on horses or on foot
accompanied by a dog, patrols the Restricted Zone and occasionally
the immediate vicinity of the border. The regulations prescribe that
during the daytime, a 500 m interval is to be maintained by guards
(guard patrols are always carried out in pairs) and at night a 300 m
interval. Both patrols usually are of six-hour duration.
10. Ambush Patrol (L-Lecka)
The two-man ambush patrol is sche duled only when information
is received by the counterintelligence officers of the battalion that an
illegal border crossing is expected. These officers always furnish
patrol personnel a description of the expected illegal border crosser.
Generally,the height of the expected illegal border crosser is given with
description of the clothing the person is expected to wear.
The ambush patrol is camouflaged and concealed in the expected
avenue of approach. Patrol members are instructed to concern them-
selves only with the individual described to them, and to disregard any
other person. (this is because intelligence personnel wearing civilian
clothing are present in the Border Area at the same time). The,company
,commander personally selects--EM for this duty and also posts and
realeases them. This type of patrol is of maximum four-hour duration.
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An Ambush Patrol
11. Covert Patrol (SkH-Skryta hlidka)
This patrol is in actuality an ambush type. The only difference
is that previously prepared trenches are occupied and its purpose is
to apprehend an illegal border crosser who has entered 'Czechoslovakia
and is believed still to be in the restricted zone.
12. Escort Patrol (E-Eskorta)
The escort patrol, upon taking over an apprehended illegal border
crosser, searches his person for weiipons and ammunition. A 50 m
radius of the area where the person is apprehended is throughly searched
for discarded possessions. After these procedures, the detainee is
taken to the orderly room of the company in whose area of responsibility
he is caught. He is blindfolded prior to entering the company area. At
the company orderly room several questions concerning his identity,
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manner of crossing the border, and purpose are asked. Upon completion
of this questionaire, the detainee is transported by car to the battalion
headquarters (the battalion to which the company apprehending the illegal
border crosser is subordinate) and turned over to the counterintelligence
officers for further questioning. An illegal border crosser is always
taken by car to Prague for finl disposition.
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13. Liaison Patrol. (StH-Stykova Hlidka)
There is always at least one liaison patrol present in the area of
responsibility of the neighboring border guard company. Generally,
this post is about 200 m inside the area. It is normally a dugout and its
purpose is to preclude the possibility of leaving the area between two
compianies unguarded. The two-man liaison patrols are of fqur to six
hours duration.
14. Company Area Guard (SR-Straz roty)
One EM performs guard duty in the immediate area of each border
guard company during daylight hours, and walking guards circle the
company area during the hours of darkness. These guards are not only
responsible for the security of the company area, but must be alert for
flares fired by patrols. All such signals are immediately reported to
the orderly room for proper action. The company area post is usually
of two-hour duration and is generally performed by EM who have
already completed some other type patrol. This duty is often carried
out in the company area tower.
15. Guard Checking Detail (KH-Kentrolova hlidka).
The OD checks the guards patrolling the Restricted Zone, accompanied
by an NCO. These are either career NCOs or NCOs who have completed their
first year of compulsory service. This detail normally takes about
two hours.
16. Mail Clerk Detail (PP-Pohranicni posta)
The EM assigned this detail picks up the company mail from battalion
headquarters.
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Reinforced Guard (Zesilneni strezeni)
The reinforced guard is initiated upon the request of the
Tower in the Area of 19th Co.
9 PS Brigade
17. Housekeeping Detail Hop-Hospodarska hlidka)
This duty is actually labeled a patrol (literal translation), and
men on such details receive the same credit as given for guard duty.
Such details consist of manual labor such as wood cutting, painting,
kitchen police and haymaking. Generally they are of eight-hour
duration.
63
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battalion intelligence officers. During the period of reinforced guard each
EM performs 12 hours of guard duty instead of the usual eight. The
Guard patrols within the Restricted Zone are reinforced. For the duration
of the reinforced guard period, all training with the exception of political
indoctrination is cancelled.
A reinforced guard period is ordered under the following circum-
stances:
a. Whenever the president of Czechoslovakia or some other
high officials are in the border area.
b. During national holidays and elections.
c. During the periods when one of the companies of the
battalion is alerted to search for illegal border crossers.
d. When it has been established (through intelligence) that
illegal border crossers are expected in the area.
ALERTS
Two types of alerts employed by the brigade are "action alert"
(bojovy poplach) and "state of readiness" (pohotovost). These alerts
are designed in consideration of the primary mission of all Czechoslovak
Border Guards -- the apprehension of illegal border crossers and
delaying action against invading troops in the event of hostilities.
Action Alerts
In case of detection of an illegal border crosser or another un-
authorized person in the restricted zone, the company commander or
the officer of the day is authorized to call "action alert." The signal for
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the alert is given by beating on an iron bar or other metal object set
aside for this purpose. The "action alert" is initiated by the guards on
patrol in the restricted zone by firing a flare of prescribed color.
Before the actual "action alert" is called, the need for it is investigated
by the "alert investigation patrol" (poplachova hlidka).
During "action alert" personnel ace equipped with personal weapons,
(rifle or SMG) basic load of ammunition, flares, and handcuffs. After
assembling in the company area, EM double time to the restricted zone
and man their predesignated positions. They remain in these positions
until relieved by the CO. At times, "action alerts" last several days and
in such instances, food is brought to the EM posted in the restricted zone.
Practice Action Alert
To insure effciency of action alerts, practice action alerts are con-
ducted once monthly. The "practice alert' drill consist of falling into
company formation outside the barracks upon hearing the "work alarm"
sounded by the CQ or 1st Sergeant. Assigned personal weapons are
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carried for this practice. No time limit is specified for the accomplish-
ment of practice alerts, but if the officer commanding the unit is not
satisfied with it, another alert is ordered. Alerts may be practiced
several times each month, until the CO is satisfied with its execution.
Practice alerts are carried out as a preparation for possible enemy
invasion of Czechoslovakia. The pre-arranged signal of an actual
invasion is firing one shot of a rifle into the air by the company area
guard. Upon hearing this all the members of the unit are to immediately
assume their pre-arranged positions in the trenches surrounding the
company area, and are to hold this position until arrival of reinforcements.
Note trenches surrounding
the company area.
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State of Readiness Alerts (Pohotovost)
State of readiness is usually ordered for the same reasons a rein-
forced guard is effected. When a Pohotovost is ordered, every member
of the unit, including officers and career NCOs, are restricted to the
unit area. Personnel normally living off post live in a special room
st:t aside in the barracks, for the duration of the alert.
For the duration of "pohotovost" all members of the unit sleep
fully dressed. Conscripts are issued the full allowance of ammunition
for their weapons (120 rounds for rifles, 240 rounds for SMGs) several
signal rockets , and handcuffs. These articles are kept in wall lockers
to insure immediate availability. Ordinarily, ammunition, signal rockets
and handcuffs are issued only when going on guard duty (60 rounds for
rifles, 96 rounds for the SMG).
Only the Brigade and Battalion commanders are authorized to order
"pohotovos't" . They generally initiate it on the recommendation of the
intelligence officers who, through informers or the State Security
StB- Statni bezpecnost) have knowledge of a planned illegal border crossing
or defection and, of course, during the national holidays, as stated.
Pursuit Patrol (Stihaci hlidka) Alert
The actual search for illegal border crossers is carried out by the
pursuit patrol which consists of the GO and five EM, equipped with a
portable RO 21 radio and a_ dog trained to track humans. The patrol searches
between the border fence and the restricted zone. During an action alert
the reserve company of the battalion is also notified. Personnel of
the Reserve Company assume positions alohg the perimeter of the
restricted zone assigned to the border guard company so as to form a "net"
Battalion headquarters is apprised of the situation existing in their
area, to include reporting of individual flares.
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Whenever it is determined that an illegal border crosser succeeded
in leaving or entering Czechoslovakia, the local commander is repri-
manded on the assumption that the guarding system was poorly planned.
Flare and Smoke Signals
EM while on guard in the Border area carry a flare pistol and
eight signal flares, which are usually of following colores; two-red
(ordinary signal flare), two-red star rockets, two-green and two-white
rockets.
These rockets are utilized for communication with parent units,
particularly for the presence of illegal border crosser-s in the Border
Area, and for requesting reinforcements or search squads.
The color combination system is changed once a month. The
changes are ordered by the Battalion Guard Detail Officer. Every man
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must memorize the signal rocket combinations as changed, and is quizzed
on this subject by the OD prior to being posted. The following is an
example of color combinations used during the hours of darkness:
One red ordinary flare and Presence of an illegal border crosser
one red star flare attempting an escape from Czechoslovakia.
Two green signal flares
attempted entry into Czechoslovakia.
Guard either found footprints or the
Border fence had been tampered with.
The white signal flares are used only for
illumination.
Signaling during daylight hours is accomplished by use of smoke flares
and signal percussion flares instead of colored signal flares. Generally,
one smoke flare, followed by one percussion flare, indicates the presence
of an illegal border crosser in the Border area, and is a request for
reinforcement to effect apprehension.
SPECIAL ORDERS GOVERING THE USE OF WEAPONS
Every Border Guard must memorize (verbatim) the following
special orders:
To use weapons against:
Individuals who illegally entered Czechoslovak territory or are
moving in such territory without proper authority, and who do not stop
when challenged.
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Individuals who resist apprehension and persons whose
activity impedes thier official function.
Individuals who attempt an attack on a Border Guard or an
adjacent post. Against fleeing individuals or criminals who, after repeated
challenges, refuse to halt and surrender.
The Border Guard is further instructed not to kill but only to wound
thereby making it possible to interrogate the subject.
OPERATIONS LOG BOOK (OPERACNI KNIHA)
The daily schedule of guarding and other details connected with
Border Guarding Details of each day are entered on a separate page in
colored pencil. This record is kept for future reference. When an illegal
border crosser succeeds in
of the pertinent company is
perly guarded.
entering Czecho, the Operations Log Book
scrutinized to determine if the area was pro-
At the end of each year,
to the Brigade Headquarters;
Entries
the Operations Log Book is turned over
The pages of the Operations Log Book are about 40 X 30 cm in size,
and contain spaces for the following entries:
Actual assigned unit strength
Number of Officers Assigned
Number of Career NCOs assigned
Number of conscript NCOs assigned
Number of conscript personnel assigned
Personnel on detached service
Sick
Official Travel
Number of work and riding horses assigned
Number of watch dogs assigned
Number of dogs trained to follow man scent.
Special spaces are slso provided for orders from the brigade
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One red ordinary flare and An illegal border crosser entered or
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headquarters, Battalion headquarters special orders, remarks of the
officers of the day, and remarks and signatures of the officers who
check patrols. Guard assignments (hour by hour) beginning with 1900
hours of one day and ending at 1900 hours of the following day are
entered in colored pencils.
Situation Map
Each company maintains a situation riiap on the orderly room wall.
It is divided into squares about 8 x 8 cm, each square representing one
square kilometer. The border fence, observation towers, overt and
covert guard posts are posted on the map. The approximate location
of each guard and patrol is indicated by a small flag pin. This map is
provided with a cover which is drawn over it when not in use.
Sandtable
Each orderly room has a "sandtable" (referred to as "lassticky
stul" - "plastic table"; it is made from plastic substance) which is a
representation of the terrain within the area of responsibility of the
company. On this table the state borders, the border fence, observation
towers, and all of the various obstacles, guard posts, etc, are represented
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by miniature models. Newly assigned EM are oriented at this sandtable
prior to going on guard and plans for action (apprehension of illegal
boder crossers) are also mapped out here.
Classified Document Security
Every Border Guard company orderly room and other various section
offices has a footlocker known as "mobilizacni bedna (Mobilisation box)
50 X 50 X 50 cm of gray sheet metal, in which all secret documents
are kept locked. A half liter bottle of petroleum is kept near this box,
and in case of open hostilities the unit commander is to burn the contents.
Auxiliary Border Guard Groups (PPS) Composed of Civilians
A directive from the Main border guard administration in Prague
was issued in March 1956, directing every Border Guard company to
organize an Auxiliary Border Guard Squad (PPS - Pomocna pohranicni
straz) consisting of five to 10 civilian members living in the company
area of responsibility. The unit commanders are responsible for training
PPS members, to include political indoctrination. Political indoctrination
and training is conducted at local National Committee meeting halls.
The PPS squad members are not armed and do not wear any
distinctive markings. Their duty is to aid the border guard unit to
which ..ttached, during alerts or actual search for illegal border crossers.
They are subject to call at any time of the day or night and are to post
themselves in pre-designated positions within the Border area.
The members of the PPS squads are all politically reliable Communists.
Before a potential PPS squad member is recruited (by company commander
or political officer of area concerned), his personal history and politidal
reliability evaluation is studied. Files on all people living in the Border
Zone areas are kept by the border guard Military Intelligence Sections.
The service of PPS members is voluntary and is preformed as a patroitic
duty, and in no way is materially compensated.
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CHAPTER VI
UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA
The Czech Border Guard wears essentially the same uniform as
the Army. It is best described as a "brown OD" in color and made of
a heavy wool. The black boots and "overseas" type cap are normally worn
with this uniform for duty? and low-quarter shoes for dress.
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The distinctive insignia of the Border Guard include a dogs head on
a green lapel flash and green shoulderboards with a red border. The
dogs head is bronze for conscripts and gold for officers and career NCOs.
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The Danube River Patrol is actually a unit of the PS. Their uniform
is a blue sailor type with a green hat band and shoulder boards with the dog's
head insignia of the PS.
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Members of the Czech Air Force are also often observed in the
border area. Their Air Force uniform is the same cut and design as
the PS, but is blue in color.
The new cap insignia of the Czech Armed Forces is a red star with
gold Czech Rampant Lion superimposed.
Army branch shoulder board devices are sometimes seen in border
area worn on PS shoulderboards. These are normally individuals from
technical services assigned to PS units. Occasionally insignia of the
combat arms may be observed on PS shoulderboards. These are believed
to be members of PS intelligence sections who have combat arm as a
basic branch.
Both gold and silver backgrounds are worn by officers as is the
case in the army. The piping, however, is green.
Cadets at the PS academy wear a green shoulderboard with the
wide cadet yellow piping.
Insignias of rank are depicted on the next page. (See below)
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COLONEL - LIEUTENANT
COLONEL
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MASTER SERGEANT SERGEANT
FIRST CLASS
PRIVATE PRIVATE CADET AT
FIRST CLASS MILITARY ACADEMY
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CHAPTER VII
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
Induction. Registration for the draft is usually accomplished a year
in advance of actual inducti" Upon receipt of his registration notice
the Czech citizen reports to the local District Military Headquarters
where he is given a thorough medical examination, is required to fill
out several forms and is interviewed concerning his branch preference.
He is advised to join SVAZARM) a Czech militarized youth organization.
Conscientious participation in SVAZARM activities from registration
until induction usually renders the inductee an NC O candidate. Parti-
cipation in this program, however, is voluntary and those failing to
cooperate are not penalized except for being denied the chance to attend
NCO schools upon induction. Upon completion of this processing, the
recruit is issued a recruit registration book and is allowed to return
to his home.
The recruits are actually called to active duty during the month of
October and upon assembly at the local District Military Headquarters
are divided according to assignments and are shipped to their destinations
under the control of an officer escort. In the case of PS recruits, they
are taken directly to the training unit of the Brigade to which thel will be
permanently assigned. Here they are met by a band and are moved
immediately to billets where individual equipment has already been
prepared to include bunk tags. Recruits then undergo another physical
examination and are issued their uniforms and organizational equipment
prior to commencement of a three month basic training period.
Assignment s within the Brigade are accomplished upon completion
of basic training. Those conscripts selected for attendance at NCO.
schools are retained at the Brigade Training Center and the remainder
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assigned for duty within the Brigade. During this basic training period,
those border guards due for discharge are retained for purpose of main-
taining border surveillance pending their replacement by the new recruits.
Thus the PS soldier actually serves two years and three months compared
to the two year period for other branches of the ground forces.
PS soldiers found to be untrustworthy during their service a~ re usually -MMENU
transferred to the brigade reserve unit where they are thu's removed
from the border areas.
Mail Censorship is a standard procedure in the PS. Soldiers are
required to turn in their mail unsealed. Political officers usually accom-
plish the censorship.
Leaves and Passes are issued infrequently to conscripts and then
only as a reward for outstanding performance of duty with heavy emphasis
on political reliability.
Morale of PS conscripts leaves much to be desired. They have
very little contact with the outside world and usually cannot associate
with civilian residents of the border area.
Lack of leaves and passes,
vigorous patrolling duties, etc., render the life of the conscript most
unpleasant. The life of the PS officer and career NCO is much more
tolerable, however, and family quarters in the vicinity of the unit are
provided for them.
Processing for Discharge begins approximately ten days before
departure. At this time all articles of clothing and equipment
are turned
into the supply room with the exception of one uniform and personal articles.
The individuals's military service book is also turned in for the purpose
of making the necessary "completion of active service" and "assign-
ment to the reserve" entries. These boo'-,s are returned to the individual
only after he has boarded the train for home. Upon return to his home
town, the individual reports immediately to the District Military Admin-
istration and surrenders his service book in exchange for a receipt.
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This receipt must be turned in to the local SNB office in exchange for the
civilian identity documents which the individual had surrendered at the
time of his induction.
The PX equivalent in the Czech army is known as ARMA, a National
Enterprise Military Store, and although these stores do not exist within
the PS units, they are usually found in towns near the brigade headquarters.
Re-enlistment in the PS is rewarded by immediate promotion to the
grade of sergeant. In the event of a conscript reached this or a higher
grade during his conscript service, he is automatically promoted to
the next higher grade upon re-enlistment. This includes promotion
from the grade of master sergeant to junior Lieutenant. Such cases as
these are not necessarily rare in that many conscripts attend a nine month
NCO school immediately after completion of basic training and thus
attain an NCO rank within one year.
Dependent Quarters may or may not be available for career NCOs
and officers. If not, they live in houses or hotels nearby, and are paid
a rental allowance.
Messing of career NCOs is a matter of their choosing. All career
NCOs receive a monthly subsistence allowance which is surrendered if
they choose to eat in unit messes. Career NCOs eat in the officers mess.
Officers do not receive a subsistence allowance.
Duty Hours for other than patrols etc., are from 0730-1700 Mon-
day through Friday and 0730-1300 on Saturday.
Marriage of career NCOs and officers is subject to approval of
higher authority. The prospective bride is investigated for purposes
of determining her political reliability. Her having been a German
National or having relatives living outside the iron curtain constitute
grounds for refusal.
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Civilian Clothing can be worn cff duty only by career NCOs
and officers.
Re-enlistment Leaves of 14 days with pay plus a round trip rail
ticket are offered as incentives.
Annual Leaves of 14 days with pay and allowances are granted to
career NCOs on duty at Brigade Headquarters. Those assigned to battalion
and companies receive 21 days each year. Leaves for all personnel are
scheduled throughout an entire year. There are no compensations for
unused annual leave.
Female Career NCOs are usually employed at each Brigade
Headquarters. Usually these women are wives of PS officers and serve
only in clerical capacities, although they are known to participate in
some drills with male career NCOs. Their uniform is similar to that
of male career NCOs except for skirts and green berets.
All officers and first sergeants are believed to have the power of
arrest. In the event of an NCO serving in the capacity of an officer,
he also has the power of arrest.
Minor breaches of discipline are punishable by fatigue duty, re-
striction or confinement not to exceed thirty days. More often than not,
no investigation is conducted prior to the imposition of such punishment.
When an offense is reported, the person in question is notified of his
punishment by the reading of an appropriate order at the evening for-
mation.
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be imposed by the CO.
(2) Restriction to quarters for a period of up to thirty days
can be imposed by the company commander. Platoon leaders and
first sergeants can impose this type punishment also, but for a lesser
number of days. It is noteworthy that offenses punishable by such res-
triction include disobedience of a lawful order and insubordination.
(3) Confinement for a period of up to thirty days can be im-
posed by the company commander. Here again platoon leaders and first
sergeants can impose this type punishment but for a lesser number of
days.
Trial by courts martial is accomplished at Brigade level. Here
both officers and EM are tried. Sentences resulting from such a trial
include reduction in rank and long periods of confinement in military
prisons, other than the Brigade Guardhouse. Upon release from
such a confinement, career NCOs and officers are released from the
service while conscripts are returned to their units to serve the re-
mainder of their period of service.
The Brigade Guardhouse is used to confine individuals with sen-
tences of thirty days or less. A special guardhouse for officers, consist-
ing of two rooms, also exists in the Brigade Headquarters building.
Occasionally this lack of space results in the establishment of a
"waiting list" for officer offenders.
Awards for exemplary conduct and exceptional performance of duty
(1) Fatigue duty does not exceed seven days and only a com-
are as follows:
pmy commander or higher authority can impose the maximum. A first
a.
Verbal or written commendation by the CO.
sergeant can impose five days,- a platoon leader three, and a squad lead-
b.
Leave up to seven days.
er one. A squad leader can request through channels that the maximum
c.
d.
Gift award, usually a book on a political subject.,
Honorary diploma
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e. Entry of name on unit Honor Roll*
f. Promotion
g.
h.
Taking of one's photograph in front of the Brigade Banner.
Cancellation of previously imposed punishment.
* An Honor Roll is maintained by every PS unit for meritorious service.
Entry of an individual's name on this roll is usually accompanied by the
issuance of a cnree'"day pass.
Pay and Allowances
Because of the fluctuating value of the crown, currency reforms etc. ,
it is considered superfluous to list the actual rates of pay at any one
time. The pay system is such that career NCO's are paid five to seven
time as much as a conscript NCO of the same rank. (Because a con-
script automatically is promoted to sergeant upon reenlisting career
EM are of the grade of sergeant and above)
The pay of a conscript includes his base pay and "border duty" pay.
The pay of officers and career NCO's includes base pay, "duty assignment"
pay, quarters allowance, longevity pay, dependent allowance (which is
paid according to the number of children), and "border duty" pay.
Career NCO's are also paid a subsistance allowance which is surrendered
if they eat in the unit mess.
"Duty assignment" or "Position" pay is a specified an3ount paid
according to the actual duty assignment within a unit. Thus an intelli-
gence officer in the grade of lieutenant and a lieutenant company com-
mander would be paid different amounts all other things being equal.
Personnel assigned to a brigade headquarters do not receive "bor-
der duty" pay.
Bachelor Quarters may or may not be available for career NCOs s
and officers. If not, they live in houses or hotels nearby, and are paid
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INTELLIGENCE
General The PS has both positive and counter-intelligence
missions for the purpose of maintaining border area security and in-
stitution and maintenance of clandestine positive operations fifty kilo-
meters inside West Germany and Austria. An intelligence section within
the brigade headquarters subdivided into offensive (foreign PI and CI) and
defensive (Domestic CI) sub-section accomplishes these missions. Two
officers from the defensive sub-sections are attached to each battalion
headquarters for maintenance of security within the battalion area. No
intelligence or counterintelligence personnel are assigned to the com-
panies.
Organization
The brigade intelligence section is divided into offensive and de-
fensive (Domestic CI) sub-sections. A total of ten officers and seven
NCOs constitute a brigade intelligence section. The personnel serving
with each battalion are attached - not assigned to that unit.
The Offensive Intelligence Sub-Section has the mission of establish-
ing and maintaining informant nets within a fifty kilometer depth of that
section of West Germany or Austria opposite the brigade area of responsi-
bility. It recruits and trains both residents of this area and residents
of Czechoslovakia for clandestine activities in those areas.
Specific Missions include:
a. Uncover illegal border crossers entering and leaving Czechoslovakia.
b. Collect all information relative to West German and US intelli-
gence agencies, security agencies, border units, customs activities,
military installations and military personnel within the zone of responsi-
bility.
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c. Collect bridge, rail, highway and industrial information in
the zone of responsibility.
d. Collect information regarding propaganda balloon launching sites,
operating personnel and leaflet production.
e?. Infiltrate western intelligence agencies.
f. Collect western printed material.
Recruit and train personnel for sabotage activities.
h. Interrogate illegal border crossers for positive intelligence
purposes.
Agent Recruitment and Vetting
Quarterly quotas for the-recruitment of agents and the establish-
ment of cover addresses are established for each agent or handler.
This ' sually amounts to two new agents and four new cover addresses
per quarter. Names of potential agents are received from agents al-
ready recruited, from mail intercepts, and agent handlers who make their
own contacts in some cases. Attempts are made to recruit criminals
(as opposed to political prisoners) in prison under the promise of amnesty.
Apprehended illegal border crossers are also approached and given the
choice of being punished for their offenses or agreeing to serve as
agents. Vetting consists of collection of background data on potential
agents by means of discreet inquiries by indigenous agents, collection
of compromising material to insure the prospective agents's cooperation
and "loyalty," and approval of his utilization by PS headquarters in
Prague. PS headquarters grants such permission only after receiving
the concurrence of the STB.
Agent handlers recruit sources along the border through casual
co;versations (with border inhabitants, customs officials, etc.) during
which the prospective agent is requested to procure and sell to the handler
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various western items of merchandise. After five or six such trans-
actions, the prospective agent is asked to sign a receipt for money
received in order to "satisfy the boss" of the handler. If the receipt
is signed, it is then used as a lever with which to force the person to
become an agent under threat of exposure of his smuggling activities.
Establishment of Cover Addresses is usually concentrated on
during the winter months when adverse weather conditions preclude border
contacts for agent recruiting purposes. These addresses are usually
established with the cooperation of the Defensive Sub-Section of the
brigade intelligence organization. The Defensive Sub-Section furnishes
the Offensive Sub-Section the names and addresses of individuals within the
brigade area of responsibility who regularly correspond with persons living
in West Germany or Austria. The offensive Sub-Section then requests from
the STB one photostatic copy of all outgoing and incoming correspondence
pertaining to the individual in question. From these copies the positive
section endeavors to establish the political reliability, personal habits,
integrity, and general characteristics and interests of the individual
concerned. If it is decided that the individual might cooperate, per-
mission is requested by the Main Administration of PS of the STB to
utilize the person in an unspecified intelligence capacity. If permission
is granted, the individual is then approached to establish a cover address.
If the individual at first refuses to cooperate, several types of inducements
may be offered including payment, transmittal of uncensored packages,
etc. , to the west. Mail addressed to the individual for intelligence pur-
poses is specially marked and the individual is required to deliver
such mail to the agent handler. Test letters are utilized to determine
the reliability of the individual prior to his actually being used operation-
ally.
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Cover Names are assigned and used by agents and handlers only
upon the approval of the Main Administration of PS.
Rendezvous Arrangements. Agent handlers usually meet at
least once a month with their agents. Handlers are usually accompanied
by the Chief of the Intelligence Section on these meetings which al ways
take place in a specially constructed bunker inside Czech territory
but outside the electrified fence. Not less than twenty four hours be-
fore a scheduled rendezvous,- the Chief of the Intelligence Section apprises
the CO of the PS company concerned of the exact time of arrival, route
of approach, and the number of persons involved. The CO then arranges
to have all sentries removed from this area approximately two hours
before the arrival of the intelligence personnel. The intelligence per-
sonnel position themselves between the bunker and the border so as
to intercept the agent and escort him to the bunker. In the bunker the
report of the agent is received, he is paid, and then briefed and
dispatched on his next mission. He is also notified prior to the conclusion
of the meeting of the time and place of the next rendezvous. All agents are
given a primary and an alternate return date for the next meeting.
If neither date can be met, the agent so advises his handler via cover
mail address and sets another date. Agents are informed that only un-
der the most urgent circumstances are they to approach the border
unannounced. Under such circumstances, of course, they are taken into
custody by the PS sentries and delivered handcuffed and blindfolded to
the brigade intelligence section. Persons apprehended at the border
are searched only for weapons and interrogated only to complete the
questionaire described in Chapter V.
Training and Equipping of Agents No formal training is given to
sources. Prior to dispatch of any individual, he is instructed on the possible
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methods of accomplishing his mission. A German camera is usually the
only equipment utilized by a source and this he must return with the film
still in the camera.
Communication with Agents is usually accomplished by personal
contact, however, dead letter drops, and cover addresses are also utilized.
In the event it becomes necessary for the handler to contact the agent,
he must write directly to the agent. The agents knows that a certain
number of days is to be added to any date given in the letter for the pur-
pose of arranging for the meeting. When the handler must mail such a
letter he usually selects at random three or four other names and addresses
of individuals residing in West Germany or Austria from an appropriate
phone book. To these persons, he writes ordinary letters and mails these
together with the letter to his agent.
Payment of agents is usually effected in cash in an amount commensu-
rate with reports received. This does not usually exceed 300 DM or its
Austrian Schilling equivalent. The intelligence section receives a total of
2, 000 DM and 2, 000 Schillings each month for payment of agents and
miscellaneous expenses.
Dispatch of STB agents is accomplished in generally the same
manner with the cooperation of the brigade intelligence section involved.
The Defensive Section might well be called the Domestic CI section
as its primary mission is to detect plans and/or attempts of Czech citizens
to flee to the West. It has the secondary mission of detection and reporting
of sabotage and anti-regime activities, collection of background information
on prospective agents and detection of individuals known or believed to be
in contact with persons in the west. Extensive nets of agents exist in
a border brigade rear area. Net leaders are usually inn keepers or
others in positions which afford contact with many people.
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Operations of this section generally are carried out in the same
manner as those of the offensive section, however, most of the agents
working for this section are political enthusiasts and receive payments
only when their information results in the apprehension of another in-
dividual. This payment usually does not exceed two hundred crowns.
Administration
Offensive Section administrative functions consist principally of
reporting of all intelligence operations, maintaining agent and town
dossier files, accounting for funds expanded, keeping agent handling
and production charts, controlling and dispatching correspondence and
posting operational directives.
(1) Storing and Securing of Records
All records are stored in fireproof metal containers. The
locking mechanism consists of one factory-installed lock of "double
throw bolt" construction which is opened by use of one key.
(2) Agent Dossiers
One loose-leaf notebook is kept in the offensive section cabinet
on each agent employed. This book is a permanent record of the agent's
work, payment, vetting and characteristics; and it is kept by the agent
handler. The inside front cover of the book carries a complete description
of the agent, including a photograph.
(3) City and Town Dossiers
A loose-leaf notebook is kept on each West German and
Austrian village located within a depth of fifty kilometers opposite the
border brigades border zone of responsibility. The first section of one
of these notebooks, called "Osobni svazky" (personal file), contains
data on the village area, the number of inhabitants and their occupations,
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political opinions, important persons, the number and names of Sudeten
Germans settled in the village and names of restaurant and store owners
there. The notebook also contains drawings of all building, railroad and
bus line information, factory locations, city plans with marked-off office
buildings of civic and border installations, and road network information.
Dossiers are kept on all members of the Austrian and West German border
and customs including data on their personalities, families and property,
political affiliations, connections, habits and other useful characteristics
that would aid in the evaluation of these individuals as potential agents.
The second section of each notebook lists targets within the town as
well as contemplated efforts. This book serves-as a guide for operational
planning and agent instruction on that particular town. Information is
either procured from agents or extracted from newspapers and other
publications.
(4) Agent Handling and Production Chart
A monthly agent handling and production chart is kept for
Intelligence Section use only. No copies are made, and this information
is not disseminated to any other headquarters. Immediately following
a me eting with an agent, the agent handler concerned advises the Chief
of the Intelligence Section of its results; and the chart is posted to reflect
this information. This chart is classified Top Secret, and is divided into
seven sections as follows:
1. Agent
This column lists the agent's or "types" (trial sources)*by
cover names only. Their true identity is never indicated thereon.
2. Date
This section of the chart contains the days of the month from
left to right (with all Sundays blocked). Under the date or dates of a
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proposed meeting the square is blocked in parallel to the agents name. A
blocked-in triangle indicates ?a scheduled alternate date. If the originally
scheduled meeting is completed on the date set, another square is blocked
in directly below that one which scheduled the meeting. If the rendezvous
takes place on the date of the scheduled alternate meeting, a blocked-in
triangle is placed directly below the blocked-in triangle which scheduled
the alternate meeting.
3. Evaluation of Information
This column indicates, by numerical designations, the value of
an agent's information as determined by the Chief of the Intelligence Section.
The information is evaluated by use of the numbers from one to five.
Number "one" represents the lowest evaluation and number "five" the
highest evaluation. Information which is timely and determined to be of
immediate intelligence operational value is usually evaluated as "four" or
"five." Evaluations "one," "two" and "three" are assigned to such in-
formation as background data on potential agents, maps and/or city plans,
and the locations of US intelligence agencies.
4. Place and Duration of Meeting
This column indicates the country in which the meeting takes
place; the distance inside the border; the duration of the meeting; and,
whenever possible, the pinpointed location of the meeting by bunker
identification or milestone number.
5. Number of Reports submitted
This column indicates the number of reports submitted by
the agent and forwarded to the Main Administration. These reports are
mostly received orally from the agent, and each report is on a different
subject.
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6, Amount Paid
This column indicates the actual amount paid to each agent,
and the amount of crowns spent by agent handlers for purchases of cigarettes,
liquor and other incentive materials consumed at each meeting.
7. Remarks
In this column are listed all remarks on the attitude of the
agent, the assignment or completion of his mission and his handling,
Fund Accountability
Receipts are always obtained for payments made to agents. They
are attached to a copy of the report for which the payment is made, and
the necessary operational data explaining the payment is included. A
monthly report of expenditures is compiled by brigade headquarters from
these receipts, and forwarded to the Main Administration.
Correspondence
All correspondence that is operational is classified Top Secret
and other than Intelligence personnel, only the Brigade CO has access
to it.
(a) Preparation
All correspondence, including that on reports of investigation,
agent handling activity, fund expenditures, etc., is written in letter
style. N special forms are used. Agent handlers prepare their own
correspondence in final form (in duplicate) for approval of their section
chief, and the Chief of the Intelligence Section forwards this to the Brigade
CO for his approval. The approved correspondence is then returned to
the originating section and is prepared in final form. Destruction of
drafts of-reports is the responsibility of the report's originator.
(b) Numbering and Identification
On January first of each year the Intelligence Section receives
new five-digit serial to be used for numbering its correspondence. This
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five-digit number is increased by one number each time correspondence
is sent, i. e., from 10705 to 10706. This number is always preceded by
the letter "PS", indicating that the correspondence originated from the
Border Guard. In addition, correspondence which originates in or
is destined for the offensive section is identified by placing the numeral
"1Z1" directly after the five-digit number. Correspondence concerning
the defensive section is identified by the numeral "12". All outgoing
correspondence includes the 'Letters "OS" (Odeslane spisy - outgoing
correspondence) in the identification plus the year in which it is sent.
For example, PS-00073/12l-OS-55 indicates: Border Guard matter
correspondence #73, Offensive Sub-Section, outgoing, in the year 1955.
(c) Correspondence Control
All incoming correspondence is received by the Chief of
Intelligence Section. His secretary stamps on it the words "dosle spicy"
(incoming correspondence) by means of a rectangular rubber stamp which
also provides one blank space for a number to be written in and another
for the signature of the recipient. The correspondence is logged in
on the incoming control book. This book provides columns which indicate
the document's number, subject or title and number of pages; the name
of the individual receiving the document; and the originating office's
code designation. After correspondence has been approved for dispatch,
the second copy of the report is brought by the originator to the office
of the Chief of Intelligence Section where it remains on file. The pre-
pared report is then logged out on the outgoing correspondence book,
to the brigade's message center, and is again logged in a courier book.
The incoming control, outgoing correspondence and courier books are
all classified as "Top Secret". The secretary of the Chief of Intelligence
Section is responsible for the first two of these books, which are kept in
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the Chief's office.
Dispatch of Correspondence
When correspondence is limited it is enclosed in a simple
paper envelope. For a considerable volume, a leather pouch is used
which is so constructed that its closing flap can be laced and a wax seal
affixed to the tied ends of the lacings. The faces of the aforesaid
envelopes and /or pouches contain the following information:
The upper left portion always indicates the addressee. The
upper right portion indicates the classification stamped in re d, and word
"Series" (followed by a letter of the alphabet to designate the originating
unit) and the name of the person who prepared the parcel. The center
of the envelope is stamped with a red letter "V" approximately one inch
high and one inch wide. The "V" indicates that the envelope contains
matters of intelligence interest. A right-angle cross is sewn with
ordinary thread through this "V" and through both sides of the envelope,
and the ends of the thread are tied and affixed to the reverse side by a
wax seal. The sewing and sealing is always checked by the Chief of the
Intelligence Section. On the lower left portion of the envelope a red
stamp indicates the addressor.
Defensive Sub-Section administration is, in general, the same
as that of the offensive sub-section. The only difference known is the main-
tainance of a file called the "Registrar". All individuals living in the
Border Brigade area who are considered dangerous or politically un-
realiable are listed in a "watch list" card file system maintained by the
defensive section. The green cards of this file, commonly referred to
as the "Registrar", contain personal data on each individual suspect.
All cards are placed alphabetically in a box which is kept by the defensive
sub-section chief.
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The "Registrar" is used to collect information of a compromising
nature on an individual so that pressure can be applied by defensive agent
handlers for his recruitment as an agent. It is assumed that such known
persons are associated with other, still unknown, persons who are hostile
to the regime. Therefore, the known individual supposedly would be
an ideal agent.
Research Material and Handbooks
a. "Rogue's Gallery"
The Intelligence Section keeps an album containing a list of
individuals known or believed to have crossed the border illegally.
This unnamed book commonly-referred to as the "Rogue's Gallery:'
contains photographs, personal history and other particulars on such
persons. From information submitted by all Border Guard brigades and
obtained from other unknown sources, the Main Administration of the
Border Guard circularizes the material and photographs that are entered
in this book. Thus all PS units have access to information concerning
wanted persons.
b. Intelligence Handbook
This hard-paper, bound booklet of approximately fifty typewritten
pages is kept in the Chief of Intelligence Section's safe. This booklet
is divided into four sections: the West German border, customs and
intelligence services; and one section each on the US, British and French
security and intelligence services believed to be functioning in West
Germany.
Intelligence Training
a. On-the-job Training
Once a week, usually on Fridays, a meeting of all agent handlers
of the Intelligence Section is held at brigade headquarters from 0800 to
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1200 or from 1300 to 1700 hours. The Chief of Intelligence Section
presides. These sessions are held for the purpose of familiarizing
the intelligence personnel with required procedures for vetting, reporting
and paying agents and with other facets of agent-handling operations
which are peculiar to border activity. On-the-job training requirements
are dictated by a manual identified as "Roxkaz 92" (Order 92) published
by the Main Administration. This paper-bound brochure, which is approxi-
mately 20 to 25 pages thick, serves as the operations and policy guide
and contains directives on recruiting and vetting (vazani), briefing
(ukolovani), handling and supervising agents (agenturni prace); classi-
fication of agents and methods of communication. Only the Chief of
Intelligence Section has access to this directive, and the document
remains in his custody at all times.
b. Daily Conferences
In addition to weekly four-hour training period, each officer of the
Border Brigade headquarters is required to attend a daily conference
period from 0730 to 0800 hours. During this session, the daily work,
brigade policy and local requirements are outlined and discussed. World
events also are outlined and interpreted and political subjects are pre-
sented by various brigade officers. The time, date and subject matter is
assigned and scheduled by the brigade political officer.
Utilization and Issue of Civilian Clothing
Intelligence personnel who function in the capacities of agent
handlers, interpreters or photographers or who have contact with
agents and arrested border crossers are issued civilian clothing for
operational use. Once each year, usually in the spring, these persons
are required to report to the supply officer of the Brigade.
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There he is issued the following items:
1 pair of low-quarter civilian type shoes
3 pairs of socks
3 pairs of underclothing
3 civilian shirts
1trenchcoat
1 windbreaker jacket
They are also permitted to select three meters of suiting with all
the buttons, lining, etc., necessary. Every second year an individual
is either issued a winter overcoat or enough material to have one made.
When material for suiting or an overcoat is selected instead of the finished
item, free tailoring is done by the Brigade tailor. If so desired, these
items can be tailored elsewhere at an individual's own expense.
Transportation
The Intelligence Section has two sedans and one military type
motorcycle for transportation. Two types of license plates are utilized.
When the vehicles are driven further inland than the brigade headquarters,
a standard civilian license plate is used. This plate has a large "HO"
followed by a three-digit number on a white background. When the vehicle
is driven in the border area, a military license plate is used. This
plate has a large black "B" followed by a five-digit number on a white
background. The letter "B" indicates a Ministry of Interior vehicle.
Other than the license plates, no other distinctive vehicle markings or
identifications are utilized.
The occupants of the vehicles wear civilian clothing when the car
has civilian plates and wear the uniform when the military plates are
used.
Identification Credential (Sluzhebni prukaz) for Border Guard Officers
A special duty identification booklet (Sluzhebni prukaz) is issued by
the intelligence section of the Main Administration to all PS officers engaged
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in intelligence activities. Application for the duty identification booklets
is initiated by the Chief of the Intelligence Section concerned. The duty
identification booklet is a hard paper folder which is 5 X 8 cm in size.
The outside front cover is magenta in color and has a large five-point
star outlined in gold in the center. The inside of the front cover contains
a 4 X 4 cm passport-type photograph of the bearer which is glued to a
white background. To the right of the photograph is printed the number
of the booklet. The stamp of the Main Administration is affixed to the
lower right corner of the photograph and overlaps onto the white
background. To the right of the official stamp is the inked signature of
the issuing officer. Inside the back cover are five printed lines indicating
the name, rank, date of birth, place of birth, Border Guard unit, and unit
number of the bearer. On the lower left corner is the official stamp
of the issuing office and to the right of this stamp is the signature of the
issuing officer.
All information on the bearer is inked in by the issuing officer and
just below the bearer's identification information is a notation to the
effect that the bearer is an officer of the Ministry of the Interior and that
the document can be used for official purposes only.
Personnel issued this booklet are required to carry it al all times.
It is used to identify the bearer during visits to the Main Administration,
other intelligence agencies and military installations. The document is also
shown when arrests are made.
Liaison With Local Authorities
The Brigade CO maintains liaison with local police officials
throughout his zone of responsibility. In instances when brigade border
security is strengthened for the purposes of apprehending illegal border
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crosser. s, the local police assist by setting up roadblocks throughout
the area concerned.
MILITARY COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SECTION
Organization
The Military Counterintelligence Section (VKR.Vojenska kontra-
rozvedka) of each brigade is composed of 12 officers who are under the
direction of a Captain. Five of these officers, including the section
Chief, are assigned to the brigade headquarters, and two officers are
assigned to each of the four battalions of the Border Brigade.
No VKR personnel are assigned at company level.
Missions
The mission of the Military Counterintelligence Section is to
establish, maintain and operate informer nets among Border Guard
Brigade personnel for the purpose of detecting and eliminating subversive,
reactionary, and anti-regime activities within the brigade. The com-
ponent parts of this mission are as follows:
To discover plans and/or attempts to illegally cross the border.
To uncover and neutralize anti-regime rumors and rumor
spreaders.
To uncover dissident and disaffected personnel.
To uncover unauthorized contacts between Border Guard
personnel and individuals of German origin living in
Czechoslovakia.
To observe personnel of the Intelligence Section for the pur-
pose of determining any malfeasance of office.
Functions of Section Personnel
The chief of the counterintelligence section is responsible for all
counterintelligence section activities and is directly responsible to the
Brigade CO.
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All remaining personnel of this section function as agent handlers.
However, their jurisdiction is limited to personnel of the Border Brigade.
They recruit agents among the brigade personnel. Personnel of this
section are usually army CI personnel serving on DS with the Border
Guard. The PS uniform is worn by them
Disposition of Apprehended Military Border Crossers
When it is established that a person caught trying to flee Czecho-
slovakia is a member of the border guard or of another military service,
he is turned over to the VKR for detailed interrogation and disposition.
When the intentions of border guard personnel planning to flee to the
West are detected, the individual concerned is interrogated at length by
the VKR and transferred from the border guard service. Under no
condition is the individual to be permitted to attempt to flee in order
that the apprehension be made while he was attempting to cross the
border.
When members of the Czechoslovak Army or other services are
apprehended crossing the border, these individuals are returned to their
parent unit for disposition after being interrogated by the VKR.
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CHAPTER IX
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Basic training, covering a three month period, begins on the 1st
of November and ends January 31st. All PS recruits receive this training
at the Brigade Training Center. A training battalion is constituted and
dissolved each year for this-purpose. The battalion is sub-divided into
three rifle companies, a mortar company, a HMG comany and a rocket
launcher company. A total of approximately 900 recruits are trained
each year in each brigade.
The first four weeks are generally dedicated to the more rudimen-
tary subjects of close order drill, military courtesy and discipline,
physical training (to include a test), PRI, and, of course, political sub-
jects. Firing of basic arms is accomplished in the fourth week. In
the fifth and sixth weeks the more specialized training begins, and it
is during this time that border patrols and routines are taught in the rifle
companies. It is worthy of note that in the sixth week of basic training
the recruit first takes his oath and officially becomes a member of the
armed forces. During the seventh and eigth weeks, the recruit is familiarized
with other weapons. In the 11th week, a twenty-mile hike is scheduled
and in the 12th week, a final examination is administered.
Political training
is given the most emphasis and a total of six
hours is devoted to chemical warfare plus one two hour lecture on atomic
warfare.
A typical basic training day schedule might be:
0300 Reville
0500-0515 Calisthenics
0515-0600 Making bunks and cleaning barracks
0600-0630 Breakfast
0630-0700 Inspection in ranks
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0700-1200
1200-1300
1300-1400
1400-1700
1700'-1800
1800-2100
2100-2200
2200
Work details etc.
are kept
Training
Lunch
Rest period
Training
Supper
Political Training
Individual study period
Taps
to a minimum for trainees and make-
up classes are held when necesary. The training covers all seven days
of the week although on Sundays reveille is one hour later and the after-
noon is spent in cleaning the barracks. Sunday evenings are free, al-
though no passes are issued during basic training.
Alerts are held approximately twice a week during basic training,
Full field equipment is carried and a march of about 20 km is conducted.
There is no compensatory time and reveille takes place at the usual 0500.
Camouflage, AA defense, chemical warfare and border defense training
are integrated into these alerts.
Cadre, both officers and NCOs are from the Brigade NCO School
to which they revert once the basic training cycle is complete.
The Brigade NCO School, Operates from I February every year to
31 July or 31 October depending on the course of instruction. Approximately
150 trainees are assigned to NCO Schools upon completion of basic training.
The courses for Horse, Dog, Cooks, Drivers and Mechanics are believed
to last six months while the rifle unit and heavy weapons NCO courses
last. nine months. Uppon completion of this schooling, depending upon
class standing, the students are promoted to corporal or in some cases
sergeant and are then assigned to various elements of the brigade.
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Some, however, are retained as cadre for the following training cycle.
Unit Training, with the exception of mandatory political training,
is conducted in such a manner as not to interfere with normal border
guarding functions. (See Chapter V) Thus for a three day period a
schedule for the brigade reserve unit might be as follows:
1st day: 0600 Reveille
0600-0615 Calisthenics
0630-0700 Breakfast
0700-0730 Formation and inspection in ranks
0730-1200 Training
1200-1300 Dinner
1300-1330 "Afternoon training. " This includes
the manual of arms, close-order drill,
PRI, and gas mask drill.
1330-1700 Training
1700-1800 Supper
1800-1900 Formation & reading of the order of
day.
1900-2100 Political training (usually individual
study)
2100-2200 Fr
d
2nd day: 0600
0610-0615
0615-0630
0630-0700
0700-0730
0730-1200
1200-1300
1300-1400
1400-1600
1600-2400
3rd day: 0001-1600
ee perio
Taps
Reveille
Calisthenics
Cleaning barracks and making bunks.
Breakfast
Formation and inspection in ranks
Training
Dinne r
Briefing for guard duty and review of
guard duty regulations.
Individual preparation for guard duty.
Beginning of 24 hour guard duty.
End of 24 hour guard duty. This consisted
of eight hours on guard, eight hours
-in readiness (not on guard but awake &
on the alert) and eight hours off and
asleep.
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1600-1700 Free period.
1700-1800 Supper
1800-1900 Formation: reading of the order of
day.
1900-2100 Political training
2100-2200 Free period
2200 Taps
On Sundays, soldiers who are not on guard duty, train only during
the morning and are free in the afternnon.
Training for the headquarters personnel on the other hand would
0730-0800 Training
0800-1200 Regular duties
1200-1330 Lunch
1330-1630 Regular duties
1630-1700 Training (usually we apons firing)
In addition, three days each month are devoted to training of officers
and career NCOs (on separate days). This training generally consists of
political, tactical, customs and regulations, PT, PRI and firing.
Night alerts are also held, but of much shorter duration than
those in basic training.
Training within the Battalion Headquarters is believed to follow
the same lines as that of the brigade.
PS units do not participate in maneuvers or lengthy field exercises.
Tests and Inspections are conducted annually by the Main Administration.
Units are tested in,all phases of training and failure to successfully com-
plete such tests results in cancellation of all leaves for as long as several
months while an intensive training program is conducted.
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Typical PS Company Training Areas
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Initial Issue of Equipment for Basic Training is accomplished im-
mediately upon assignment to the brigade and includes:
Number Issued Item Issued
White, two piece woolen winter under-
wear
White cotton drawers
OD neckties
Footwraps
Pair Socks
Fatigue jacket*
Fatigue trousers*
Overcoat, wool OD
Field cap, OD, with insignia
Black, knee-high boots
Black leather belt
Leather belt for trousers
Razor and other toilet articles
Mess gear (consisting of 3 pots, 1
knife, 1 fork, and 1 spoon)
Mess. gear carrier OD
Shelter half, camouflaged
Rucksack OD
White bath towels
Handkerchiefs
Pair Gloves
Pair of shorts, OD, cloth leggings,
about 15 cm long.
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1 Gask Mask a. Issues for Career NCOs
1 Helmet, Soviet type
These summer articles of clothing are made from light green cotton
Upon completion of enlistment as a career NCO, all items
issued during conscript service are turned in and the following issued:
material. Upon completion of basic training, conscripts are issued two
Type of Item Issued
sets of woolen OD uniforms, one for everyday wear and one dress uni-
OD cotton shirts
form, and the fatigues are seldom worn.
White cotton drawers
Organizational Equipment includes: 2
White woolen, two piece underwear
Bed sheets (exchanged every 10-14 days) Z
Pillow Case 12
OD ties
White handkerchiefs
Woolen blankets I
Mattress 6
Field cap, OD (lodka)
White bath towels
1
Pillow
Individual weapon (rifle, SMG)
Canteen
First Aid packet
Set mess gear
Garrison cap with visor, OD (Brigadirka),
with plastic red star and Czech lion
insignia
Sam Browne black leather belt
Pair of black leather summer gloves
Pair of black low quarters dress shoes
Upon assignment to a company the soldier also receives:
Pair of black leather knee boots
for
1
Fur cap and coat
,
field
1
Pair fur lined felt boots
Pair quilted pants
Pair rubber boots
Pair of black leather, knee high boots,
for parades
Items of Clothing and equipment Issued for Officers and Career
NCOS.
The items of clothing issued to Border Guard Officers and Career
NCOs are the same in quantity and quality. They are issued for a two
year period. The only item in which NCOs uniforms differs from those
of officers are the distinctive shoulderboards.
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1 SMG
NCOs are also issued one ready made OD woolen uniform and one
OD Overcoatfor everyday wear as well as a dress uniform consisting of
regular long trousers, a blouse, a pair of breeches and a dress winter
overcoat. The dress uniform is made to measure by National Enterprise
tailors (titled "ARMA"). At the "ARMA" tailor shop the NCO presents
a written request issued by the Border Brigade supply officer which
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Because the issue for career NCOs and officers is the same,
specifies the articles of uniform to be tailored for him. This request
is left at the shop and when he receives the finished uniforms after
several tryouts, he signs the order, verifiying completion of the
requistion. All of the material is furnished by the "ARMA" enter-
prise at no expense to the individual. The dress uniform is made from
a material known as "KANGAR. 11
additonal issue is made if a career NCO is commissioned. Officer
shoulderboards must be purchased by the officer himself.
Replacement Issues _
Every two years the following additional articles are issued to
career NCOs and officers.
NUMBER ISSUED
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OD cotton shirts
White bath towels
Pair of black stockings
OD ties
2 White cotton drawers
12 Handkerchiefs
1 White cotton dress shirt (issued
to officers only)
Brown tie worn with dress shirt
(Officers only)
Exchange and Repair of Uniform Items
Whenever uniform articles such as blouses, trousers, etc. are
in need of repair, they can be exchanged for serviceable articles at
supply. Shoes in need of repair are also turned in at unit supply, but it
generally takes about a month before repaired footwear is returned. Since
each Border Guard EM has only one pair of shoes, another pair is issued
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for wear during repair periods.
Food Supplies
a. Perishable Foods
At brigade headquarters, there is a food storage building
from which all subordinate Border Guard battalions draw perishable
food supplies each day. Perishables are believed to be purchased from
local national enterprise stores,
b. Non-perishable food is believed to be shipped in from QM
depots and arrives at the Brigade Headquarters once a month. Box
cars are sealed on arrival and are opened only in the presence of the
brigade chief of rations. A month's supply is supposedly on hand at
the Brigade at any given time.
Repair Facilities at Brigade Headquarters
a. All brigade weapons are repaired at Brigade Ordnance
shop. This shop is well equipped to include a lathe and two boring
machines. Extra weapons are also stored here and are inspected every
spring,
b. Motor Transportation Maintenance is accomplished by
the Brigade Transportation Section, which is well stocked with spare
parts. The Brigade POL station is also operated by this section.
Laundry Facilities are not available within the Brigade, and each
man is issued 200 grams of soap per month for laundry purposes. In
most cases, however, EM, send their clothes home by mail for launder-
ing.
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CHAPTER XI
OFFICERS SCHOOLS
The two main officers schools for the PS are located in OLOMOUC.
One is for line officers (VUPS) and the other for political officers (VPU-
JF). The political officers-school was moved to OLOMOUC from KOLO-
DEJE in late 1955. Both schools are believed to have a two year course
of instruction. The political school is also for VS officer candidates and
was founded in 1952. The HAKE '1 Political school in Prague is the ad-
vanced course attended by all branches of the service. The PS intelli-
gence school is located in Prague (VELESLAVIN) also. PS officers who
by virtue of their assignments, require schooling in technical services
attend the regular ground force schools.
Very little information is available on all but the Military-Political
Training Center JULIUS FUCIK in OLOMOUC which is covered in de-
tail herein. Upon graduation from this school, candidates are com-
missioned in the grade of lieutenant.
Recruitment
About April of each year, a recruiting campaign for students for
the VPU-JF is initiated in all PS units. An announcement to this effect
is made at the daily evening formation, and EM are urged to submit
their applications to political officers. The requirements are as
follows: Only EM who have-completed one year of compulsory mili-
tary service are eligible: They also must have attained a rating of
at least four in the political indoctrination program of the previous
year, proved their leadership ability, have been exemplary soldiers,
and members of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. Requirements
are the same for the career`NCOs. After completion of an application
a background investigation is initiated on each applicant. Applications
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are submitted through the brigade political officer who interviews
each candidate. Final selections are accomplished by the main admin-
istration in Prague.
Entrance and Physical Examinations are conducted at the school
itself. The entrance examination consists of grammar exercises,
arithmetic problems, world geography, and the internation political
situation. The physical examination includes a PT test.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDENT BODY
The entire VPU-JF student body is organized into two companies.
The approximate strength of each of these companies is 60 students. Each
company is commanded by a Border Guard line officer and has one Border
Political officer also assigned to it. Each of the student companies is
organized into two platoons, which are further broken down into squads.
The platoon leaders of both companies are commissioned Border Guard
Officers who are members of the School Staff.
The first student company is entirely composed of Border Guard
EM. The second student company is composed of one platoon of Border
Guard EM and one platoon of Interior Guard (VS-Vriitrni Starz) EM.
Issue of Uniforms and Equipment
No weapons or any other articles of clothing and equipment are
brought by the students from their parent units and organizations. Upon
completion of entrance and physical examinations, the individuals are
issued the following items:
1 OD Uniform, class "A41 (Tailored by a National Enterprise
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Tailor Shop)
OD uniform for everyday use.
Light OD cotton (summer) uniform.
Pair of boots.
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Set of footwraps.
Pair of socks.
Black low-cut shoes.
Long OD winter overcoat. (Tailored)
Long OD winter overcoat. (ready-made)
Pair OD knitted gloves
Garrison cap, with visor and red star insignia.
Field caps. (with red star insignia)
Sets winter underwear.
Athletic shorts black.
Towels.
Handkerchiefs.
Sets of shoulderboards.
OD field pack.
Mess kit and canteen.
Shelter half (camouflaged) with three wooden pegs
and a tent pole.
OD blankets.
Gas mask (hood type with protective cape)
Czech 7.62 mm rifle.
Ammo pouches, leather.
Steel helmet, Soviet model.
Field sh6'el (non folding type).
First aid packet
Shoulderboards and Distinctive Insignia
The shoulderboards worn by the VPU-JF students are similar to
those worn by all other Border Guard EM, except that the piping of these
student shoulderboards is yellow in color and is about one centimeter
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wide. Both career NCOs and conscripts have the same type of piping
on their shoulderboards. The ranks of the career NCOs are indicated
by yellow stripes of the same material as the piping, while ranks of
conscripts is indicated with the usual red stripes. No shoulderboards
are worn with the summer uniforms, but the ranks are indicated on
plain blouse shoulder loops.
The VS students are each issued one ready made Border Guard
uniform, which they wear in classrooms, however when on pass, they
wear regular VS dress uniform.
Daily Schedules
The following schedule is in effect Monday through Friday:
announcements.
Taps
0615-Oo30 Calisthenics
0630-0700 Personal hygiene
0700-0715 Inspection in ranks
0715-0725 Breakfast
0730-1330 Classes (with five minute break between
classes of 55 minute duration)
1330-1400 Dinner
1400-1500 Compulsory rest
1505-1525 Political indoctrination
1530-1900 Study period (supervised) in study hall
1900-1930 Supper
1930-2000 Recreation period
2030-2230 Mass cultural activity program
2245-2255 Reading of daily orders and various
Saturday
0600-1400 Same as Monday through Friday until 1400
1400-1700 General clean up of barracks and personal
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Reveille
weapons
Stand by inspection in barracks including
inspection of weapons
Pass
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Sunday Schedule at VPU-JF:
0700 Reveille
0730 Breakfast
0730-1200 Sports activities, games or study
1200-2300 Free time. Passes are issued to all person-
nel not assigned special duties & not found
deficient in their studies.
Pay
VPU-JF students receive pay according to their ranks, except for
separate rations money for food and quarters.
Promotions During the Scholastic Period
In the Political Day Room
(Note Cadet Shoulderboards)
Promotions of students are based on efficiency and exceptional
progress. They are given after the mid-scholastic year examinations,
and also on national holidays.
Communist Party Organization at the VPU-JF
All staff and faculty members as well as students are members
of the KSC (Kommunistica Strana Ceskoslovenska - Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia) Each platoon of the VPU-JF forms a separate KSC
branch. Each branch is headed by a committee of four members. KSC
branches of the student companies are subordinate to the student KSC
committee of the VPU-JF. This committee consists of seven members,
the chairman, the treasurer, the registrar , and four committee members
All are students elected by the student body. Branches of the student
companies hold meetings every month, while the student KSC Committee
has a meeting each week.
Morale of Students
Morale at the VPU-JF is generally high. Passes are freely given
to all students from 1900 to 2400 hours on Wednesdays, from 1700 to
2400 hours on Saturdays and from 1200 to 2300 hours on Sundays.
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Married career NCOs receive week end passes from J700 hours on
Friday until 2300 hours on Sunday.
Guard duty is the only detail which the students are periodically
obliged to perform. The tour of duty is a 12 hour duration without
compensatory time. -
Among the students a spirit of cooperation exists and they are all
ready and willing to help classmates who experience difficulty in their
studies.This willingness is partly a result of the activity of KSC branches,
whose chief concern and the topic of monthly discussions is to urge
students to attain the highest possible scholastic standing
The VPU-JF is commanded by a Border Guard Major. Other members
of the headquarters staff, all of whom are Border Guard Officers, are:
Capt Deputy CO and Chief Political Officer
Jr Lt Deputy Political Officer and Librarian
Sr Lt Secretary of the VPU-JF Communist Party
Lt Finance and Personnel Officer
Sr Lt Supply Officer
Capt Medical Officer
This unit, composed of about 20 Border Guard conscripts is com-
manded by one Border Guard Officer and is mainly engaged in guarding
the installation. In this group are also included two telephone switch-
board operators, and one radio operator and two drivers. Cooking,
dishwashing and most of the janitorial duties are done by civilian em-
ployees.
The curriculum is divided into- two separate cycles, the Political
cycle and the Combat cycle. The political cycle includes the following
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subjects:
Fundamentals of Marxism and Leninism
History of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia
Political Economy
Political Activity of the Communist Party
The International Situation
Study of the Russian Language
The Combat cycle includes the following subjects:
Military Tactics
Marksmanship
Border Guard Tactics
Physical Fitness
Horseback Riding
The Political Economic Cycle
a. Fundamentals of Marxism and Leninism
This subject (ZML-zaklady marxism u leninism) is taught
by four officers. Approximately 160 hours of lectures are devoted to
this subject. It includes the history of the Communist Party.
b. History of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia
Approximately 150 hours of lectures are devoted to this subject.
The instructions include History of Czechoslovakia, History of the Czecho-
slovak Communist Party since 1921 when KSC was founded, Struggle of
Working Classes for Unification in Czechoslovakia and Progress of the
KSC since 1948.
c. Political Economy
Approximately 120 hours are devoted to this subject. The
subject includes value of materials, profits of capitalists, amount of
profits, commerce, exploitation of the working classes, shares of profits,
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causes of revolutions, capitalistic production possibilities and potentiali-
ties and socialist production possibilities and potentialities.
d. Political Activity of the Communist Party
Approximately 200 hours of lectures are devoted to this subject.
It includes the following topics: General Structure of the Communist Party,
Structure of the Communist Party in Czechoslovak Border Guard Brigades,
Rules and Regulations of the Communist Party, Conduct of KSC Activity
at Individual Border Guard Companies, Mass Cultural Activity of Border
Guard Units, Instructions for the Political Officers.
e. International Situation
Approximately 25 hours are devoted to this subject. It covers
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Communication Approximately 5 hours
Military Map Reading, Topography Approximately 15 hours
Horseback Riding 2 hours per week
Gymnastics 2 hours per week
a. Theory of Infantry Tactics
Attack and Defense tactics are not believed to exceed company
level in this phase of instruction.
b. Border Guard Tactics
Course subjects include: duties and rights of Border Guards;
the Border Zone and the Restricted Zone; types of guard posts and general
security of the Border Zone; duties of Border Guard Sentries; preparation
the origin and causes of wars, the rise of Nazism, the causes of WW II,
military and diplomatic activity during WW II, the Crimean, Yalta and
Potsdam conferences.
of daily activities of a Border Guard company; and structure of a Border
Guard Brigade.
c. Marksmanship
f. Study of the Russian Language
This subject includes instructions and qualification on all
Approximately 30 hours are devoted to study of basic Russian.
weapons organic to the Border Guard Brigade.
The Combat Cycle
d. Combat Engineering Instruction
(Approximately four hours every week are devoted to military sub-
jects in this cycle.) The student company commanders and the platoon
leaders (all Border Guard Officers) are responsible for this type of
This course is in general a study of field fortifications with
emphasis on obstacles, bunkers, trenches etc. which are utilized in
Border areas.
training. During the course,
jects are given:
instructions
on the following military sub-
e. Communications
This short course covers only the commo equipment employed
Theory of Infantry Tactics
Approximately 40 hours
by PS companies.
Border Guard Tactics
Approximately 30 hours
f. Military Map Reading and Topography
Marksmanship
Approximately 30 hours
In this course emphasis is laid on terrain analysis for border
Chemical and Atomic Warfare
Approximately 15 hours
defensive purposes.
Combat Engineer
Approximately 5 hours
g. Horseback Riding
The VPU-JF has about 20 horses assigned to the Riding Section.
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Instruction is conducted by one senior lieutenant and two EM. Individual
riding techniques, riding in groups, close-order drill (mounted), obstacle
jumping, riding without saddle and head harness are taught.
h. Gymnastics
Physical training consists of exercises on various gymnastic
equipment, close combat with rifle and bayonet, 200 m obstacle course
exercises and a long distance run of three kilometers.
Summer Training
In the field is conducted for a period of one month. It is quite possible
that the LIBAVA area is utilized for this training, however, this is based
solely on conjecture due to its proximity. On the other hand, the CISARSKY
LES training area previously was utilized. Tactical exercises never
company level.
Textbooks and Manuals Used
a. Political:
History of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Communist Party
Political Economy
Lenin's Writings, Volumes I, II and III
Capital, by Karl Marx
Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
The all-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
People's Course in Russian
b. Military Manuals and Regulations:
Infantry Combat Regulations' (bojovy rad Ceskoslovenske
branne moc)
Disciplinary Regulations (kazensky rad)**
Regulations on the Internal Service (rad vnitrni sluzby)"
Garrison Service Regulations (Rad posadkove a strazni sluzby)
Field Service Regulations (polni rad)*
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In the Summer Training Area
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Military Topography (Vojenska Topografie)**
The 7.62 mm (Goryn V) HMG (Tezky kulomet, 7.62 mm
Goryunov)**
The 71.62 LMG (Lehky kulomet, 7.62mm)**
Classified, "SECRET"
** Classified, "Only for Official Use"
Security of Textbooks and Notebooks
Besides textbooks, manuals, and regulation, each student is also
issued about ten notebooks. The pages of these notebooks are numbered
and initialed by an officer. All notebooks and textbooks are locked in
classroom cabinets when not in use. A breach of security (i. e. leaving
notebooks, regulations or manuals on or in the classroom desks) is followed
by disciplinary action.
SUPPLEMENTARY COURSE FOR BORDER GUARD
AND INTERIOR GUARD OFFICERS
A supplementary course of six months duration is (or wa4 conducted
at the VPU-JF?for Border and Interior Guard Political officers who have
never had political officer school training. Each of these courses is
attended by about 30 Border Guard and about 10 Interior Guard Political
Officers. These student officers are also organized into an officer
student company which is further broken down into two platoons. The
officer student company commanders and Platoon leaders are Border
Guard officers who are members of the VPU-JF school staff. This
course quite probably has now been done away with as it has been re-
ported that all PS officers, must by the end of 1956, have completed
such schooling pertaining to their duties or have been relieved from
active duty.
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EXAMINATIONS, GRADUATION AND ASSIGNMENTS OF
STUDENTS
For each major subject taught at VPU-JF, oral examinations are
conducted in the middle of the scholastic year and at the conclusion of
the course. Students being examined appear before an examining board
consisting of three officers. One of these officers is the chairman of
the board (who is never an instructor of the subject being tested), the
(Faculty Chairman of the subject), and an instructor of the subject.
Each student is examined individually. After reporting in a military
manner to the chairman of the examining board, he selects a question
and is given time to prepare his answer. The questions are typewritten
and, are lined up on the desk in front of the examining board. The student
picks one of the questions and then prepares his answer if satisfied
with the question. If he desires to exchange his question for another,
he can do so, however, this counts against his final grade. Under no cir-
cumstances can a student look over all of the questions available.
Written exams, consisting of about three or four questions on all
subjects studied, are given after the first and third quarters of the scholas-
tic year.
Beside the written and oral exams, such student is periodically
called upon during regular classes of instruction. His answers are
rated by the instuructor.
Issue of Clothing and Insignia to Graduates
Prior to graduation the conscript graduates are issued a newtailored
officer's dress uniform (kanger) and a visored garrison cap. The career
NCOs must send to their organizations or homes (in case of married
personnel) for their uniforms which are the same as officers uniforms
except for rank insignia.
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All of the student graduates are issued a white shirt with a brown
necktie to be worn for formal occasions, and also a pair of brown leather
dress gloves.
Upon graduation from the VPU-JF, graduates are entitled to wear a
special distinctive insignia which is worn over the left blouse pocket.
Reportedly in 1956 the Badge was changed from the star to the diamond
shown below.
with subordinate units. Brigade telephone facilities include both military
and civilian nets. Radio communication is believed to be used only
within the Battalion.
TELEPRINTER CIPHERS AND CODES
Maj Gen HLAVACKA, Deputy Minister of Interior presides at the
graduation exercises in October of each year. Each graduate receives
his officer shoulderboards at the graduation exericses. At the same
time the distinctive badges are distributed. The VS graduates
their own branch shoulderboards.
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CHAPTER XII
SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS
The brigade maintains both courier and teleprinter connections
with Border Guard Headquarters in Prague. Laterally, it maintains
courier and telephone communications with neighboring brigades.
Courier and telephone services are also utilized for communication
Border Guard brigade headquarters are issued a cipher table on
the first of each month from the Ministry of Interior. A copy of this
table is in the hands of each section chief in brigade headquarters, and
is used primarily for teleprinter communications. The top part of this
table consists of 10 or 12 columns and four or five rows of apparently
randomly-placed letters with their assigned numerical values. The
bottom part of this table consists of a listing of about 100 to 110 frequently
used words and expressions with their numerical equivalents. This table
is used only to decipher incoming messages, with each staff section
deciphering its own incoming messages. The contents of these messages
vary from completely enciphered text to text which is mostly in the clear
with only a few ciphered groups. In the latter case, significant portions
of the messages such as names of persons and dates are enciphered
while the remainder of the text is in the clear.
Outgoing messages are written in the clear and hand-carried from
the originating section to the cipher section, where they are prepared
with a cipher machine.
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CODE NAMES AND NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS
For purposes of telephone communications the Brigade code and
cipher section issues a list of code names for subordinate units and
nurrerical designations for key personnel. These lists are revised
monthly.
FIELD TYPE COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
The RO 21 back-pack radio and a folding telephone handset. No
accurate data is available on the RO 21 radio, but it appears similar to
the'old American SCR-300. It is used for communications within the
battalion and then only during alerts, or searches for border crossers
The folding telephone, shown on the following page, is carried by
PS patrols for routine communication with company headquarters.
Throughout the border area outlets for this phone are installed at
the bases of trees, in towers, on stakes,etc.for the use of patrol
personnel.
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Folding Field Phone
t"1+~'.ar..,~. ti,:i ~;.1~~.L:~tai~'r4~~;i i.;?,:,~.ilq'~iil`i~'ij.~jll;`~1ii:~i!+I.~~';:~.IiiiliilPl;iiii}; 'I~,;I~I.I~lir~i~~ll~~i>_^- +`~I~ ~~1
(.It Rl ;I +1( ~,( tl I.11',a II Oil
f
!3ilei !
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CHAPTER XIII
POLITICAL INDOCTRINATION AND PROPAGANDA
Subject Matter
An annual schedule of political subjects to be discussed is pub-
lished by the Main Political Administration for Border Guards in
PRAGUE. Texts for Instructor Guidance are also published in Prague.
Classes of political indoctrination are devoted to one theme throughout
one month. The following are some typical themes:
Military Discipline in the People's Army
The Czechoslovak Army, Shield for World Peace
American Imperialism, Arch-Enemy of Mankind.
Political-Economic Structure of Austria, the Neighboring
Nation
Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR
Plan for Development of the Czechoslovak Economy During
the Year
All of these themes have one objective, "to incite hatred of capitalism
and to arouse enthusiasm for building up of socialism in the homeland."
Political indoctrination is considered to be the most important training
an individual receives. It is the only training for which make-up classes
are held, and its importance is continually stressed.
Organization of Classes & Schedules
Conscripts attend different political indoctrination classes than the
career NCO's. The conscript classes are conducted by the company
political officer. Political indoctrination of career NCOs of the bat-
talion and its subordinate units is conducted at Battalion Headquarters and
is on a higher level than that for the conscripts. These classes are con-
ducted by the chairman of the battalion's Communist Party group, who
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is a member of the Border Guard battalion Headquarter's Staff.
Officers also attend separate classes and are divided into two
groups. The first of these is a class taught by the Battalion Chief
Political Officer which is attended by all political officers and those
considered to be politically more advanced. The other class, held
for all other officers is conducted by the Battalion Political Training
Officer. For each new theme a seminar is conducted by the brigade
political officer for all political officers of the Brigade.
Political indoctrination of officers and career NCOs is conducted
twice a month. Two full days are set aside for this program for a total
of 16 hours per month. Political indoctrination classes for conscripts
are held two afternoons a week, averaging a total of 10 to 12 hours a
month.
Study of each theme is divided into three phases, i. e. the intro-
ductory lecture, a supervised self study, and a class discussion during
which students are rated on their knowledge of the subject.
Unit political officers are responsible for preparation and pre-
sentation of the introductory lectures in an interesting manner. Train-
ing aids such as charts and diagrams must be prepared by the political
officer himself. All study periods are supervised by the unit political
officer or his assistant. During these periods EM are encouraged to
ask questions or for additional instruction. Each man is issued a copy
of the appropriate pamphlet for study.
Recording Attendance and Grading
Political officers must keep an evaluation and attendance chart on
each member of the unit showing whether he has attended the prescribed
number of hours of political indoctrination. If a unit member is absent
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from class for any reason, legitimate or not, it must be recorded
and a make-up class held.
Upon completion of each theme a report on attendance and an evaluation
of results is submitted to the battalion Chief Political Officer. The
ratings used in these reports are as follows: 5 (excellent), 4 (good),
3 (satisfactory) and 2 (unsatisfactory). An EM who is graded as un-
satisfactory is given additional help by the political officer or his assis-
tant and by the unit "agitators., If a unit political officer deems it
necessary to spend additional time on any theme, he must request
permission, in writing, to the battalion Chief Political Officer.
Punishments for Intentionally Missing Classes
The unit political officer has the authority to confine individuals for
a period of three days for intentionally missing classes. For a confine-
ment of longer duration, he must submit a request to the battalion CO.
Generally, failures to attend political indoctrination classes are pri-
vately reprimanded by the unit political officers for the first offense.
For a second offense an individual is punished with a short restriction
to the barracks area and a third offense with a restriction of up to
three weekends. (A certain percentage of the company are normally
granted passes on weekends.)
Semi-annual Examinations
"Battle preparedness tests" (Proverka) are conducted every spring
and fall throughout all Border Guard units. These tests are conducted
by a special team of Border Guard officers appointed by the main Ad-
ministration. Political indoctrination is usually tested first and begins
with an examination of the record of attendance and the evaluations.
All EM are quiz zed individually on the themes studied since the last
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"battle preparedness test." EM found to be deficient are in no way pun-
ished, but the unit political officer is punished if the examining commis-
sion so requests. Such punishment usually consists of several days of
"house arrest", which is merely a restriction to quarters during off-
duty hours. Such punishments are not made public.
Enlisted Political Assistants
Each unit political officer is assigned an NCO who assists him in
preparing charts, diagrams, statistics and other aids used during
political indoctrination classes. These assistants also conduct lectures,
self-study periods and discussions if the political officer is absent.
Besides the assistant, each squad of every Border Guard unit has
one squad member appointed as an "agitator". The "Agitators" must
observe the political attitudes and reactions of other squad members,
and inform unit political officers of these. They are also to deliver
homilies to erring or doubting individuals either on their own, or as
the unit political officer directs them. Approximately every fourteen
days, the "agitators" meet at the unit political officer's office. Problems
encountered by them are discussed and plans for future activities made.
Individual squad "agitators" are not appointed openly, but their
activity singles them out to the other squad members. All Border
Guard or Armed Forces members know that they are continuously
rated as to their political reliability during their entire service.
This record follows each man into civilian life, and job assignments
may well be affected by it.
Unit Political Indoctrination Room
Each unit of the Border Guard has one room set aside which is
called the PVS (Politicko vychovna Svietnice - Political Indoctrination
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Room) all political indoctrination classes are conducted here. This
room contains a large bullentin-board with Czechoslovak newspaper
clippings on current events and a lending library pf about 40 books.
These books cover subjects of a political propaganda type. They are
exchanged by the political officer monthly at the brigade library,
which contains from 3, 000 to 4, 000 books. From this library, the
political officers also draw books and reference material needed for
preparing their lectures.
The PVS is also decorated with posters containing various slogans
such as "Forward under the Banner of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin !"
or "Take care of your weapon, the property of the army and people.
The following newspapers and periodicals are also available for
reading at PVS: Red Justice (Rudi Pravo), Young Front (Mlada Fronta),
Defense of the People (Obrana Lidu), and the Border Guard Journal
(Pohranicni Straz). All EM and officers are encouraged to write arti-
cles for publication in these newspapers and periodicals.
Mass Cultural Activity Program (Kulturni Masova Cinnost)
The daily schedule usually includes. two hours of "mass cultural
activity." This forced recreation (with a political indoctrination slant)
must be attended by every member of the unit. The unit political
officer is responsible for conducting this program, and is assisted by
members of the various political organizations of the unit. Activities
include: chess-tournaments; song festivals; ping-pong tournaments;
football games; movies (political propaganda type), and the study of
Russian culture, history and language. During these periods, EM
are also permitted to read books which help them pass examinations
for various cultural merit badges. Sport uniforms and athletic equip-
ment are furnished to members of the "Red Star Voluntary Sports
Organization. "
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Propaganda Against Border Guard Defections to the West
Clippings from newspapers containing articles allegedly written
by former defectors who have repented and returned to Czechoslovakia.
are posted on the PVS bulletin board. These articles state that inmates
of refugee camps in West Germany are suffering from hunger and that
women inmates are violated by US soldiers. In order to avoid hunger
and obtain money for food, refugee females are obliged to turn to
prostitution.
RECEPTIVENESS OF TROOPS TO INDOCTRINATION
Only a small percentage of t1}e men have a general, active interest
in political indoctrination. Others try just to get by for the sake of
keeping out of trouble and to avoid being harassed by the political officer
and his assistants . They get tired of the endless glorification of the
USSR, its Army, and statistics on over-fulfillment of production plans.
One of the political officers major difficulties is keeping the men
awake during classes.
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN BORDER GUARD UNITS
The .'ollowing organizations and clubs exist in Border Guard Units:
Unit Organization of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (UO-KSC-
Utvarova Organizace Komunisteike Strany Ceskoslovenska).
Unit Group of the Czechoslovak Youth Organization (US-CSM-Utvarova
Skupina, Ceskoslovenskeho Svazu Mladeze).
Voluntary "Red Star" Sports Organization (DSO-RH - Dobrovolna
Organizace, Ruda Hvezda).
Czechoslovak-Russian Friendship Club
(SCSP -Svaz Ceskoslovenskeho-Soviet skeho Pratelstvy).
Every unit political officer, and his assistant, and the unit "agitators",
try to recruit as many members as possible for these political organizations.
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Communist Party (KSC) Unit Groups
Each unit beginning with the company, has its own primary party
organization, as well as a youth organization. Each KSC branch has
its own council, of at least three members; a chairman, a registar and
a miscellaneous member. In branches with a larger membership, a
treasurer is elected and the number of members of the council is
increased in rough proportion to the membership. Company branch
councils meet every week, while battalion-level KSC meetings are con-
ducted once a month. All KSC members of the battalion and its subordi-
nate companies participate in the monthly meetings. KSC membership
is voluntary, but individuals-.whose political reliability , overall effi-
ciency, and knowledge of military subjects are judged as outstanding are
pressured by their unit political officers to become candidates for party
membership. Individuals who come from working-class families are
candidates for one year, while individuals from former private business
and land-owner families must spend two years as candidates. During this
waiting period, they must study and read certain books on Communism,
and prove themselves worthy-of being admitted into the party.
Every Border Guard brigade annually conducts a brigade KSC con-
ference, generally lasting two days. A chairman is elected for this
occasion. Several high-ranking Border Guard officers and civilian
Communist Party officials are pre sent as honorary guests. From every
unit subordinate to the brigade elected delegates are sent to participate.
All of the brigade political officers also participate. In general the morale
and efficiency of the units are the main topics of discussion, and the
conferences pass resolutions for the improvement of both.
Czechoslovak Youth Organization (CSM) Unit Groups
Each CSM branch in a unit has its own council. The number in and
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membership of such councils follows the same pattern as the KSC Branch
councils. A yearly CSM conference is held at Brigade headquarters
with elected delegates from every unit participating. High civilian CSM
officials are always present at these conferences.
Except for the existence of the DSO-RM and the SCSP very little
information is available concerning these organizations. However, it
is presumed that they too have their councils and hold periodic meetings
with effective political indoctrination their main goal.
ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF POLITICAL OFFICERS
Investigation of Complaints
Enlisted personnel who feel they are being treated unjustly have the
right to complain to the unit political officer. Ordinarily he will attempt
to "white wash" the actions of the unit CO, but does have the right to
admonish him or carry the matter to higher authority through political
channels.
Cooperation with Local Civilian Political Organizations
Or anization
Because the cooperation of local Communists is very important to
a PS unit, one political officer from the battalion is usually detailed to
attend local civilian meetings and lend a helping hand in any way possible.
Such help is usually in the form of guidance concerning organization,
political indoctrination etc. It might also include loaning of athletic
equipment or other aid for recreational programs. Reports concerning
cooperation with the civilian political organizations are submitted monthly
to the Battalion Political Section.
Contribution to Yearly Officer Evaluations
Annual officer efficiency reports are the responsibility of the CO.
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When an officer requests a transfer, a change of assignment, at-
tendance at a special course, or admission into the Communist Party,
meeting of the political officers of the battalion, which is presided over
by the battalion Chief Political Officer.
Basically, unit commanders and unit political officers are supposed
to cooperate closely. Since political officers are responsible for
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This unit is believed to be directly subordinate to PS head-
quarters in Prague and maintains it's own headquarters in SAMORIN.
It's strength and composition are unknown. Equipped with speed
boats, it patrols the Danube on the Czech-Hungarian border, and
works in close cooperation with the 11th PS Brigade. The picture
on the following page shows one of the Patrols boats unloading
members of the 11th PS Brigade in an area where an attempted illegal
border crossing has been reported. Note that this is not a gun
boat, and such boats are not believed to be organic to this unit. In
event of an emergency the PS Danube River Patrol would be
supported by an Army River Battalion located in BRATISLAVA
which is equipped with gun boats.
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The Equipment shown in this chapter is only that which is of Czech
ti
design and manufacture, and is in use by the PS. The vehicles shown
may or may not be observed in border areas, but are all of Czech
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CONFIDENTIAL
Cth*IOENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CHAPTER XVI
Partial Translation of Booklet Entitled:
"Laws Pertaining to Protection of State Borders"
(Note that this booklet was published in 1951 at the time of the activation
of the PS as a branch of service)
The meeting of the National Assembly on 11 July 1951, during which
a law pertaining to the protection of state borders was passed. This is
an historical moment for our entire border guard (PS), the youngest
among the Czechoslovak Armed Components.
Pages 3 and 4
Law Pertaining to Protection of State Border.
The National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic passed the
following law:
1.
To secure a peaceful development of Socialism in our country, it
is necessary to guard successfully our state borders against penetration
by all enemies to this camp of progress and peace. Therefore, it is
the duty of every citizen to protect the state border.
The execution of state border protection is a function of the Ministry
of National Security, which fulfills this duty through its agencies, parti-
cularly through the Border Guards (Pohranicni Straz PS).
3.
(1) Because of its importance, responsibility and exertion, the
guarding of borders. is performed by selected members of the working
class.
The Minister of National Security determines the organization of the
162
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border guards, regulations for its strength, release of members of the
Border Guards and duty (service) regulations.
The cooperation of Border Guards with the Armed Forces is
decided by agreement between the Minister of National Security and
the Minister of National Defense.
6.
Service in the Border Guards is equivalent to service in the Armed
Forces. The ranks obtained in the Border Guards are military ranks.
Regulations governing the pay scale of the Border Guards are the same
as those of the Armed Forces.
Members of the Border Guards come under the jurisdiction of
military courts and under the provisions of the Military Penal Code.
8.
The Minister of National Security will determine by order when
a member of the Border Guards.will use a weapon in the execution of
his jurisdiction.
9.
The Minister of National Security in accordance with the
Minister of Finance will establish the coordination of the Border
Guards with members of the Custom Agencies in determining criminal
action and violation of a custom (financial) nature.
(1)
10.
In fulfillment of the above stated duties of this law, the
Minister of National Security can make the necessary provisions and
issue public obligatory regulations, he can particularly determine:
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a. That entry and residence in a certain area of the state
territory is prohibited or permitted only upon special permission.
b. That in certain areas of the state territory, construction
which changes terrain features, or construction of communications and
power lines for interior or international use, requires previous agree-
ment with the Minister of National Security.
(2) In individual cases, the Minister of National Security can t rans-
fer his jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 to his subordinate
agencies.
11.
This law is to become effective on the day of its proclamation; it
will be carried out by the Minister of National Security in agreement
with participating members of government.
Pages 6, 7 and 8
Motivation Report
1. GENERAL PART
Justification of the strict border measures by the PS: to protect
the working classes from the western influence and particularly cut
off the contact of the Czech underground with outside help. Up to date,
there was no law that completely covered the protection and security
of the border. The existing laws do not cover the contemporary needs
and therefore these new laws were proposed. (Summary of first para-
graph)
The Custom Law 114/1927 Sb. was a part of the capitalistic system and
took care of the financial and custom protection of the border. This
law has been already changed in the respect that the SNB took over the
guarding of the border from the old Custom Police under the law 275/1948
Sb. Neither one of these laws is adequate to cope with the present situation.
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Also the government-order 270/1936 Sb. pertaining to the State's
security is outdated.
Law 286/1948 Sb. pertaining to National Security is only a general
regulation stating that BorderSecurity measures are part of state
Security. For that reason, it was mandatory to establish an organization
with agencies executing the actual guarding of the border. This newly
proposed law still takes care of the legal aspect of the jurisdiction.
U. SPECIAL PART
(Elaboration on the 11 points covered on pages 3 and 5)
1.
The principle of this -regulation which is generally mobilizing (per-
taining to everybody) is the outcome of the above stated reasons in the
General Motivation Report. Above all, is the idea of stressing the in-
dividual responsibility of each citizen to contribute toward the protection
of the state border with all his power and facilities.
2.
This principle originates from the regulation of paragraph 1, Law
286/1948 Sb. pertaining to-National Security, with changes imposed in
the governmental Ord. 48/1950/Sb. by which the Ministry of National
Security is being established. The Ministry of National Security per-
forms this duty, first of all with the Border Guard, and with its other
agencies such as SNB. (Corps of National Security)
3.
This regulation stresses the importance, exertion and responsibility
of the service in the Border Guards. At the same time it establishes
the basic principles for the selection of the cadre for the Border Guard.
The members of the Border Guard (PS) will be carefully selected so that
they can continue in the glorious tradition of the border guards of the
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past that were protecting the borders of our country, and that they
could approach the model example of the Soviet Border Agencies.
Because of the importance of the mission performed by the Border
Guards, its members have the same legal standing as the members of
the Armed Forces. On the other hand, it is also necessary that the
members of the Border Guards have an equal standing with the members
of SNB when performing their duties in accordance with their jurisdiction,
becuase the Border Guards also have a very important task in the
National Security. Above all, it is understood that the rights and
responsibilities of the agencies of the National Security will be in
accordance with preparation of court actions under the second heading
of the penal code.
4.
This bill is a skeleton directive. Special tasks of border guards
require that the organizational and duty regulations for border guards
are reserved for the Ministry of National Security to whom the Border
Guard is subordinate. The Minister of National Security will also set
up the recru iting and the replacement of the Border Guards, promotions,
retirement, transfers, and discharges with the accordance of the re-
gulation covering the members of the military forces. In these regula-
tions the transfer of SNB NCOs into the ranks of the Border Guards will
be also solved by becoming either professional (regular) NCOs or
officers. The reduction in grade and decommissioning will be in accord-
ance with the regulations law 85/1950 Sb. pertaining to the arrangement
of penal code covering the members of the Armed Forces.
5.
The bill does not apply to the president's jurisdiction as Comman-
der-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
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CONFIDENTIAL
6.
As it was already previously stated in paragraph 3, the bill is ori-
ginating from a principle of equality of Border Guard Service with Mili-
tary Service. As a result, the members of the Border Guard fulfill
their military obligation (active service) in accordance with defense
regulations by serving in the Border Guard. The idea stated in the se-
cond sentence of this paragraph goes further in covering the retention
of the ranks obtained in the Border Guards by the enlisted men, NCOs,
officers and generals, when transferred into the Reserve or retirement
or when recalled for service with the Military Forces. The pay re-
gulations of the members of the Armed Forces are covered by the
law 200.1949 Sb. because the members of the Border Guards will have
the same rights and responsibilities as the members of the Military
Forces, and will be covered equally by the regulations of the above
mentioned law. This applies to matters pertaining to enlisted men,
NCOs and Officers serving their compulsory tour of active duty, officers
by profession, Generals, students and cadets of various schools as well
as to the matters of extra pay resulting from the degree of function,
etc. Within the boundaries of this pay scale, the Minister of National
Security can issue executional regulations in agreement with the Minister
of Finance wherever applicable according to the stated law.
7.
It is obvious from the above mentioned regulations that the members
of the Border Guard are subject to the jurisdiction of Military Courts
according to paragraph 7, Section 1 of the penal code.
8.
The Minister of National Defense has flexible power authorizing
the use of a weapon by the members of the Border Guard as stated
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in paragraph 90, Section 1 of the Constitution. It should be used
so as to fulfill the needs required for effecti"e border protection in
given circumstances. The order issued by the Minister of National
Security in accordance with this regulation will be incorporated in the
forthcoming law.
9.
The terms of reference will regulate the cooperation of members of
the Border Guard when pursuing violations of a custom nature since thus
far experience shows that these violators are as a rale at the time com-
mitting crimes against the state.
10.
This regulation gives a legal basis for issuance of several limiting
directives and prohibitions, especially in the border territory. This
makes it possible that there will not be any one that does not fulfill his
citizen's duties and sacrifices in the border territory where his utmost
is demanded.
A ZAPOTOCKY
11.
Personal and material expenses were already appropriated, there-
fore, no additonal appropriations are necessary.
Prime Minister Minister of National Security
L. KOPRIVA
NOTE: The remainder of the booklet, pages 9-24, covers speeches by
members of the National Assembly, and the propaganda concerning the
importance of Border Security against enemies of the state.
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A
E
DOI
N
M
CIBOCH, fnu
Sr Lt
10 PS
Counter Intell Sect
1955
Jan
CINEGR
Sr Lt
7 PS
1953
NAME
RANK
UNIT
POSITION
DOI
,
CIPOV, fnu
Lt
2 Tng Co 12 PS
C. 0.
1955
fnu
AMBROS
Major
10th PS
C.O.
1953-56
,
COUFAL, fnu
Lt
2 Co, NCO School 12 PS
Pol Off
1954
BABOR, Oldrich
Sr Lt
3 Bn 10 PS
Opns Off
1956
CRHA, Fnu
Lt
15 Co, 10 PS
Pol Off
1956
fnu
CRHOUNEK
Lt
? PS Co, 1 Bn, 5 PS
C. 0.
1955
BAJER, fnu
Lt
Pol Tng Cen
Instructor
1955
,
Jiri
DAVIDENKO
Maj
10 PS
C. 0.
1955
BALCAREK, fnu
Lt
Tng Center
Pol Off
1955
,
DINSGBIR, fnu
Maj
10 PS
Acting C/S
1956
BALOUN, fnu
Capt
10 PS
C.O.
1955
DOLEJS, fnu
Lt
10 PS
Trans Section
1955
BARES, fnu
Jr Lt
10 PS
Admin Off
1956
Adolf
DOLEZALEK
Lt
16 Co, 10 PS
Pol Off
1956
BARES, fnu
Lt
Mil Pol Tng Cen
Instructor
1955
,
DOLEZHAL, Miroslau
Jr Lt
10 PS
Intell Section
1955
BARTEJS, Karel
Lt
4 PS
Intell Off
1956
fnu
DOOLOK
Sr Lt
1955
BECVARK, Bohus
Sr Lt
10 PS
CI Officer
1955
,
Jiri
DRABIK
1955
BERANEK, fnu
2 Stu Off Mil Pot
Pol Off
1955
,
BERNATIK, Josef
BERNHARD, fnu
Lt
Jr Lt
Tng Cen
5 PS
Supply Officer
Supply Officer
1955
1956
DUDA, fnu
DUDA, fnu
Jr Lt
Main Border Guard
Admin, Prague
10 PS
Dental Officer
1955
BILDR, fnu
Supply Sect
1955
DUFEK, fnu
Lt
3 Co, 5 PS
C. 0.
1956
BOUCKY, Karel
1 Stu Co Mil Pol
C.O.
1955
DVORAK, Mar
Sr Lt
10 PS
Sec of Comm Party
1956
BRABEC, fnu
Tng Cen
10 PS
Intel Officer
1956
EGRMAJER, fnu
Maj
12 PS
Disciplinary Com.
C. 0.
1955
BRABEC, fnu
1956
EMGERAJER, fnu
Maj
12 PS
C. 0.
1955
BRAZDA, Frantisek
1955
END, fnu
Capt
10 PS
Chief Med Off
1955
BRAZDIL, Josez
Sr Lt
Kolodeje
4 Co, 1 Bn,12 PS
C.O.
1955
FARBIAK, fnu
FROLIK, fnu
Sr Lt
Sr Lt
10 PS
Personnel Section
1455
1955
BRYNDA, fnu
Lt
Trans Platoon 10 PS Political Off 1956
FUTERA, fnu
Sr Lt
10 PS
Chief of Code Sect.
1956
BYTLOUN, fnu
Sr Lt-
PS Tng Co 5 PS
C.O.
1956
GALUS, fnu
Col
Main Border Gd,
Ch of Bor Gd Schools 1956
CAZTHAML, Oldrich
Lt
4 Co, 12 PS
Asst C.O.
1955
GRUN, Karol
Sr Lt
1%dggn, Prague
Opns Officer
1956
CAMBAL, Florian
Lt Col
11 PS
C.O.
1955
HABRSTAT, fnu
Sr Lt
1 Bn, 12 PS
Intell0fficer
1955
CAP, Jan
Jr Lt
4 Bn, 7 PS
Security Officer 1956
fr Civilian affrs.
HALA Jaroslav
f
ANAK
Sr Lt
t
Ca
10 PS
Pol Tng Center
M
L
Intell Section
Inst International
1955
1955
CAPEK, fnu
Jr Lt"
Hq 15 PS
1955
nu
,
H
p
.
.
Affairs
CASAR, fnu
CECH, fnu
Sr Lt
Sr Lt
1 PS, 12 PS
Hq 4 PS
Supply 1955
1955
HECKO, Milan
Lt
Commander of
1957
CERNY, fnu
CERVENY, Josef
Sr Lt.
10 Volary Border
12 PS
Admin Off 1956
1955
Front & Int Gds
& Vice Interior
Minister.
CHLPIK, fnu
Lt
5 PS
Pol Officer 1955
HNILO, fnu
Lt
19 Co, 10 PS
CHMELAR, Otto
Lt
1g56
HOENIG, fnu
Capt
Main PS Admin,
Chief of Cadre
1955
CHOUDKA, fnu
CHOVAN, Juraj
Capt - -
Sr Lt
?0IS
Counter Intell 1955
1956
Prague
1 Bn, 15 PS
Department
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DOI
NAME
RANK
UNIT
POSITION
DOI
NAME RANK
UNIT
6
KREJCI, fnu
Capt
2 Bn, 5 PS
Supply Officer
1956
Frantisek Lt
HOLY
Res-Co, 3 Bn,
195
o Officer
C
1956
,
KRIZ, Lumir
Sr Lt
3 Bn, 10 PS
omm
HOLY, Frantisek Jr Lt 4 Bn, 7 PS
1956
1956
KROUPA, fnu
Maj
Main PS Admin, Prague
Exec Off Intell Sect.
1955
3 Bn, 10 PS
HOMOLKA, Stanislav Lt
OIC-Sec Documents
KUBALA, fnu
Lt
Res Unit, 10 PS,
PT Instructor
1955
1`)55
HRA)ILAK, Boliiislav Lt 6 Co, 12 PS
KUBIS, fnu
Lt
16 Co, 10 PS
C. 0.
1955
HRUBY, fnu Sr Lt
1955
KUDA, fnu
Sr Lt
Hq 10 PS
Mess Officer
1955
Cadre Dept
ch
De
1955
P
l Off
1955
HRUBY, fnu Sr Lt ?Main admin, PS
HRUSKA, fnu Lt NCO Sch 10 Volary
fnu Lt 1 Trg Co, 12 PS
HRUSKA
,
p
Instructor
Dept Co & Polit Off
1955
1955
KUGLER, fnu .
KULHAVY Ladislav
Capt
Lt
Mil Pol Trng Center,
Kolodeje
7 Tng Co, 12 PS
o
C. 0.
1955
1955
,
fnu Lt Hq 10 PS
HUBERT
Supply Off
1955
KUTY, fnu
Sr Lt
1 Bn, 12 PS
Pol Off
1156
,
1956
LACH, Jan
Sr Lt
15 Co, 10 PS
C. 0.
fnu Sr Lt 10 PS
HUTAR
Off
E
1155
,
1956
LANSKY, fnu
Sr Lt
12 PS, Tng Cen
xec
JANAK, fnu 14 Co, 10 PS
1955
LIEBICHER, Ladislav
Sr Lt
2 Bn, 10 PS
Supply Officer
1)56
JANATA, Ladislav Lt 12 PS
l Officer
P
1955
LINDA, Zdanek
Capt
3 Bn, 10 PS
Pol Off
1356
'56
Sr Lt 4 Co, 12 PS
o
Section
l
S
1955
LISY, Bohumil
Sr Lt
3 Bn, 10 PS
Pol Off
l
1955
JUDAS, Bohus Jr Lt 10 PS
y
upp
LUZA, fnu
Lt
12 PS Tng Center
Veterinarian
lit Off
P
1955
tics
t
T
1955
JOHAN, Karel Lt
10 PS
JOHANA, Adolf Lt
o
Onns Section
l Section
t
I
1955
1955
MAREJOUSKY, fnu
MAJOK, Petr
MAJOR
Sr Lt
Mil Pol Tng Cen
2 Bn, 10 PS
10 PS
2 Bn
ac
Ins
r
Instructor
C. 0.
1955
1956
JUST, Kamil Lt 15 PS
n
e
MALEK, fnu
Capt
,
1956
15 PS
C. 0.
1956
KANDL, fnu Lt Hq-10 PS
Bohuslav Sr Lt 17 Co, 12 PS
KLENC
Deputy Co
1955
MARCIS, fnu
MARIK, Tomas
Maj
Lt
3 Bn, 10 PS
1956
,
ction
l S
t
I
1955
Lt
Sr
12 PS
1 Bn
C. 0.
1955
KLINER, Vadislav Sr Lt Main PS Admin, Prague
fnu Sr Lt 18 Co, 10 PS
KLOUDA
e
e
n
1956
MASEK Vaclav
MATLASEK, fnu
.
Sr Lt
,
10 PS
Counter Intel/ Off
1955
,
10 PS
it
1955
KOCOUREK, Ladislav Capt 4 PS
1955
MATULA, fnu
Lt
,
Res Un
KONFRST Frantisek Capt 10 PS
Opns Section
1956
MATUS, fnu
Lt
Pol Off
1955
Lt
Adjutant
1955
fnu Jr Lt 10 PS
KOPEJ
Supply Section
1955
MAXA, fnu
Sr
,
fnu Sr Lt 10 PS
KOPRIVA
1956
MAZAC, fnu
Lt
Pol Off
1955
55
,
fnu Sr Lt Hqs 10 PS
KOPRIVA
Chief Political Officer
1955
MAZANEC, Josef
Lt
7 PS
Pol Off
19
1956
,
KORYTEK, Josef Capt 4 Bn, 7 PS
C. 0.
1956
MEDEK, Stanislav
MERTA, Miroslav
Sr Lt
Capt
10 PS
Main PS Admin, Prague
Supply Officer
Intell Section
1955
10 PS
dvik Sr Lt 17 Co
L
STAL
C. 0.
1956
Mil
Plt Ldr
1955
,
u
,
KO
KOTOUC, Jaroslav Col Main PS Admin, Prague
KOTRBA, Milan Lt 18 Co, 10 PS
Chief, Intell Section
Political Officer
1955
1956
MIKULENKA, Eouaro
MINDAK, fnu
Lt
Lt
,
1 Plt , L Stu Co,
Pol Tng Cen
3 Bn, 10 PS
Code Section
1)56
KOVARIK, fnu Lt Mil, Pol. Tng Cen
Instructor in History
1955
MRASIC, Frantisek
Sr Lt
3 Bn, 11 PS
C. 0.
1956
Kolodeje.
MULDICEK, fnu
Sr Lt
2Go, 12 PS
C. 0.
1155
KOVARIK, fnu Lt 10 -PS
KRAL, fnu Sr Lt 10 PS
KRAL, fnu Sr Lt 10 PS
Counter Intell Officer
Pol Off Brig Res Co
1955
1956
1955
MUSIL, fnu
MUZIK Jiri
NEKUDA, fnu
Lt
Sr Lt
Jr Lt
Unk
10 PS
10 PS
Unk
Intell Section
Medical Officer
1955
1955
1956
P
l Off
1955
1956
Lt
1Go, 12 PS
o
KRATOCHVIL, Jarouslav Lt 7 PS
NESETRIL, Vlastimil
KRATOHVIL fnu Sr Lt 2 Bn, 10 PS
1955
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Mil Pol Tng Cen,
Kolodeje
Photographer,
Intell Section
1955
TRMIK, fnu
Mil Pol Tng Cen,
Medical Officer
1955
TROLENY, fnu
12 PS
Pol Off
1955
TUMA, Stanislav
Lt
10 PS
Trans Section
1955
TUREK, Eduard
Capt
3 Bn, 10 PS
1956
ULDRICH, Josef
Lt
10 co, 10 PS
Pol Off
1956
URBANEK, Vaclav
Sr Lt
10 PS
Personnel Officer
1956
VANA, Josef
VASICEK, fnu
Sr L.
Sr Lt
Mil Pol Tng Cen,
Kolodeje
2 Bn, 4 PS
Instr, in Border
Gd Tactics
1955
VAVRA, fnu
Sr Lt
I Bn, 12 PS
1955
VAVRIK fnu
Sr Lt-
Hq 12 PS
1955
VELICKA, Eduard
Sr Lt
Attending School
USSR.
1956
Sr Lt
9Co, 2 Bn, 10 PS
Political Officer
1956
VINS, Jekub
Maj
U/I Danube Rv PS Bn?
C. 0.
1955
VITEK, fnu
Sr Lt
1 Co, 12 PS
C. 0.
1955
VLASAK, Frantisek
Lt
10 PS
Intell Section
1955
VODICKA, fnu
Lt
Hq, 10 PS
Pol Off
1955
VRBA, Svatopulk
Sr Lt
5 PS
1g56
VRBIK, Jan
Jr Lt
3 Bn, 10 PS
Counter Intell Officer
1956
VYBORNY, fnu
Sr Lt
10 PS
Chief of Engr & Bldg
Supply Section
1955
Mil Fb 1 Tng Cen,
Kolodeje
Instr in Martism &
Leninism
1955
Mil Pol Tng Cen,
Kolodeje
Finance & Personnel
Officer
1?55
Lt
3 Bn, 10 PS
Counter Intell Officer
1956
18 Co, 10 PS
C. 0.
1956
WOLF, Zdanek
Lt
3 PS Co, 5 PS
Pol Off
1956
ZAK, fnu
Sr Lt
NCO School, 5 PS
C. 0.
1956
ZAVESKY, Jaroslav
Lt
10 PS
1956
ZEMLICKA, fnu
Maj
Hq, 10 PS
Chief Pol Sec
1956
ZIEGLER, fnu
Sr Lt
Hq 10 PS
1956
ZIVNY, fnu
Sr Lt
10 PS
Engr Section
1955
ZIVNY Karel
Capt
16 PS
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25: CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
CONFIDENTIAL
NOTE: Only officers who have been reported since 1955 are carried
in this listing. This is because it.is presumed that the others are no
longer in the service or the same position, and it is considered
superfluous to carry them. Additional information may be obtained
from Headquarters USAREUR.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25: CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
CONFIDENTIAL
ACofS, Intelligence, US Army,
Washington 25, D. C. (Attn: Chief
Dissemination)
55
US EUCOM (J-2), APO 128,
US Army
3
United States Army Attache,
American Embassy, APO 80,
Bonn, Germany
1
United States Army Attache,
United States Army Attache,
American Embassy, Vienna,
American Embassy, Prague,
Austria
Czechoslovakia
2
United States Army Attache,
American Embassy, Warsaw, Poland
United States Army Attache,
American Embassy, APO 206, Athens, Greece
1
1
DCofS, Intelligence, USAFE, APO 633, US Army
1
ACofS, G2, Seventh Army, APO 46, US Army
100
Intelligence Officer, US Commander, Berlin, APO 742,
1
ACofS, G2, Berlin Command, APO 742, US Army
1
GO, 522 MI Bn, APO 757, US Army
18
CO, 532 MI Bn, APO 46, US Army
30
CO, 513th MI Group, APO 757, US Army
5
ACofS, G2, US Army Communications Zone, Europe, APO 58, US Army
1
Commandant, IMPSWS, APO 172, US Army
CO, 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), APO 108,
Army Interrogation Unit, DRC, c/o 7892 USAREUR
APO 757, US Army
ACofS, G2, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army
Chief, ASAE, APO 757, US Army
Department of the Army Detachment, APO 757,
SLO, G2, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army
BLO, G2, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army
FR LO, G2, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army
A. L. S. Presidio of Monterey, California (Attn:
1
11
3
Lt Col. C. E. Hoagland) 1
G2, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army (Attn: OB Section) 35
CO, USA Element, US Military Liaison Mission to the Commander-in-Chief,
Group of Soviet Forces, Germany, APO 742, US Army 1
Commander, Support Operations Task Force, Europe, APO 163, US Army 1
CG, SETAF, APO 168, US Army 2
ACofS, G-2, Headquarters XVIII Airborne Corps, Ft Bragg, North Carolina 1
GO, 66th CIC, APO 154, US Army 2
G-2 Files, Headquarters USAREUR, APO 403, US Army 2
G-2 Dissemination, Headquarters USAREUR, APO 403, US Army 1
ACofS, G3, USAREUR, APO 403, US Army
Alternate Files
CONFIDENTIAL
AGL (1) 2-58-320-,176
Inspected by .
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25: CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25: CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
,44;0- 400-
TTT
^
CONFIDENTIAL
LEGEND
Tank Obstacles (Usually Dragon Teeth)
Mines or Flares
Telephone Lines
Billets
' Bunker
Passage thru Fence
Room
Underground Passage thru Fence
Telephone Relay
Observation Tower
Road Block
Radar Station
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25: CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Regrading Data Cannot Be Predetermined
CONFIDENTIAL
Regrading Data Cannot Be Predetermined
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
SCHWARZACH
mlt SPIEGELAU
SHEET # 0?b
PASS 2C
1: Psa00
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/25 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002000200009-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Regrading Data Cannot Be Predetermined
72
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