SOVIET PUBLICATION ENTITLED "IRRIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION FROM 1949 TO 1959"

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 116
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 29, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 30, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Titl
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibi tw
CONFIDENTIAL
50X1
COUNTRY
ussE REPORT
SUBJECT
Soviet Publication Entitled. "Irrigation DATE DISTR.
and. Development in the Soviet Union from
30 Mar 64.
1949 to 1959" NO. PAGES 2
50X1 -HUM
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ISTATE
-HUM50X1
a 110-page booklet in English and Russian
entitled, "Irrigation and Development in the Soviet Union from 1949 to
1959". The report was published. in 1960 in Moscow by the USSR National
Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLy7
2. The contents include:
(1 A short description of major irrigated areas of the USSR.
(b The growth of irrigated areas in the 1949-1959 period.
(c) The plan of long-term irrigation development 'basic features.
(d Financimg. of irrigation projects and their admilistration.
(e Legal aspects of water utilization.
(f A short description of irrigation development lathe republics of
the USSR.
3. Illustrations: %
a) Headworks of the Nevinnomyssk Canal.
b) Kargalin hydraulic project on the Terek River.
Tsimlyansky Dam and Hydroelectric station. Simferopol Reservoir.
e Ingulets Pumping station and Power House, Compartment and Drop Structure.
f Headworks of the Fergana Canal.
g Scheme of Irrigation in the Fergana Valley.
13 Cone gate of the Urta-Tokay Reservoir Dam.
12
I Main Canal,
?k Gazalkent Dem on the Chiraik River.
Dam on the Chirchik River at the Head of the Kara-Su Canal.
Stream deflector at the head of the Tash-Saka Canal.
1) Suction dredge in operation. Kyzketken Canal.
in) Head sluice regulator of the Maw Golodaaya Steppe
MKayl-Orda Dam on the Syr-Darya River. 4
Gallery on the Upper Sungari Canal.
0) Tail escape into the Tbilisi Reservoir.
Scheme of irrigation canals in Kyra-Araks Lowland.
r Upper Karabakh Canal at the outlet.
ONFIDENTIAL
ARMY
I NAVY [AIR
50X1 -HUM
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declaralflcation
[FBI
IAEC
2
1
50X1 -HUM
50X1 -HUM
50X1 -HUM
'ONTROLLED NO DISSEM ABROAD 410?EGIRLICIMITSSEM
DISSEM: The dissemination of this document is limited to civilian employees and active duty military personnel within the Intelligence components
f the MID member agencies, and to those senior officials of the member agencies who must act upon the information. However, unless specifically controlled
a accordance with paragraph 8 of DCID 1/7, it may be released to those components of the departments and agencies of the U. S. Gevernment directly
articIpating in the production of National Intelligence. IT SHALL, NOT BE DISSEMINATED TO CONTRACTORS. It shall not be disseminated to organisa.
ons or personnel, including consultants, under a contractual relationship to the D.S. Government without the written permission of the originator.
50X1 -HUM
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CONFIDENTIAL
-2-
( n ) 1141,4;vtutt-TrApn Dtua on the Arnks River.
(t) Floating pumping station on the Kura River.
1 u) Apsheron Main Canal. / /
v) Chumrh. dem on the Chu River-upstream and downstream views.
1 Headitiorksq:)f the Valcbgh Main Canal.
Pumping irrigation scheme in the lower Khodja-Bakirgan.River, Tadjik,SSR.
zNKairak-Kum Daia a4 Hydropower plant. General View.
Floating pumping Station. Sanger Irrigation SysteM., ?
(an) Floating pumping station, Rbodja-Bakirgan Irrigatioil:Systern.
(bb) The Stalin Canal Hewiworks on the Razdar River.
(cc) Aqueduct across the Razdan. River. o i I I: " ' ? ? 1. !VI POW
(cid) Scheme of lends of Kotaiksky Irrigation System.
cc) Flume canal of semi-circular section on supports. Koterric,qky Irrigation
system.
(if) Kary-Bent Dem on the Tedjen River.
(gg) Scheme of the Kara-Kum Canal and Irrigated Areas.
(hh) Stabilization of sands in the zone of the Kara-Kwn Canal.
(ii) Suction dredge in operation--Kara-Kum Canal.
end.
CONFIDENTIAL
50X1
50X1-HUM
k 'I'
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HAU,H0HAJ11:4161171 KOMHTET C0103A CCP no 14PPHIAL41414 14 apEHANCY
USSR/NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
PA3BHTHE HPPI/ITAUMH
B COBETCKOM, C0iO3E
B 1949-1959 rr.
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT
IN THE SOVIET UNION
FROM 1949 TO 1959
rHilp0B0,11.X03
Ciprovodhoz
1960r.
mocRea Moscow
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STAT
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't
HANNOHAJ1bHblii KOMNTET CO1O3A CCP NO HPPNIALUIN ti ,II,PEHANCY
1
USSR NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
PA3B14T14E 14PPI4TAU,V114
B COBETCKOM C0103E
B 1949-1959 rr.
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT
IN THE SOVIET UNION
FROM 1949 TO 1959
rimpouosxo3
1960r.
Ciprovodhoz
Moscow
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Odaop "PaammTme mppmragmm B CoseTomom Comae sa 1949-1959re
BNUOINON BOOOOMBHUM rooyAapoTseamm UpONKTNO-RNMONSTenCENM N
N8RNO-NCO20/10BEITONLORNM NHOTNTyTOM FmnposoAxos no aaxasy, upo-
rpamme m noA odmeg peAamgmell Hanloaannoro KommTeTa COOP no ,
Wuraumm m Apenamy.
06sop COCTONAN amaAemmx B.B.Hommomma 8 ',Aunt cneuma-
MOT TexmeonorogoTAexa mnoTmTTra rmnposouoa H.H.Xxednmmos
no maTepmaxam M8EINCTepOTB8 oenomoro INBRICTBN CCCP.
Ha NNIVINgONNft RUN nepesexa 1.1.3erep. AmTepewypault pea-
Top pycomoro Telma P.C.Emmxep.
This review of the Irrigation Development in the Soviet
Union from 1949 to 1959 has been prepared by the All-Union
State Design and Researoh Institute for Land and Water Develop-
ment (Giprovodhoz) to the order of tilt USSR National Com-
mittee on Irrigation and Drainage. The work has been carried
out according to the programme speoified by the Committee and
under its supervision.
The review is compiled by Academician T.V.Poslavsky and
the Chief Specialist of the Technical Section of the Institute
Giprovodhoz 1.1. Ihlebnikov based on materials available in
the Ministry of Agriculture, USSR.
Translated into English by L.L.Zeger. The Russian text
is edited by R.S.Blookher.
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3
Or.11ABIEHZE
KpaTican xapaxTepocma OCHOBHUX opomaemux patt?
OHOB MCP
POCT opomaemux aemem, 3a 1949,-1959 rr
OCHOBHIO tlepTLI neponeHTHHHoro nmaHa p83BHTOH
Mp?
piraiii
Bonpucu 452H3HCHp0B8HHH I ynpamem
OCHOBHU3 MOM, MB/Millie B CBH31 C
HHem Homiux pecypcoB
KpaTHasi HHOopmamma 06 HppliranHoHHux
commix pecny6max
CONTENTS
Hcnommaosa,-
pacloTax
Short Description of Major Irrigated Areas of
the USSR
cTp.
8
20
24
28
30
page
5
Growth of Irrigated Area in the 1949-1959 period 9
Plan of Long?Term Irrigation Development Basic
Features -
Financing of Irrigation Projects and their
Administration 29
Legal Aspects of Water Utilization 29
Short Description of Irrigation Developments in
Union Republics 31
25
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KpaTicas xapaxTepacTmsa OOROBRIEC
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MeOTBAgeTCH opomeHme, memieTcs B ORM, mmpoxmx npemeaax, qT0
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5
Short Description of Major Irrigated
Areas of the USSR
A considerable part of cultivated lands in the USSR is
situated in southern regions of the country, with warm climate
and fertile soils. But these advantages are severely restrict?
ed by deficiency of water as one goes South or South?East.
Central Asia, South Kazakhstan, a large portion of Trans?
caucasus and southern regions of the RSFSR which lie in the
desert and semi?desert zones suffer from this deficiency most
of all (Fig. 1, 2).
Low rainfall precludes possibility of intensive farming
without regular irrigation and watering of pastureland to cope
with the growing demands of animal husbandry. Productivity of
60 per cent of pastures in the USSR cannot be raised without
watering.
Precipitation is similarly insufficient for obtaining high
and stable- yields of crops in the steppe zone. Severe droughts
and crop failures occur in the zone in years of low precipita?
tion or its untimely fallout.
The steppe zone covers the western part of the Northern
Caucasus, Lower and partially Middle Povolzhye, South Urals,
hertain areas in East Siberia, south?eastern regions of the
Ukrainian SSR and .southern regions of the Moldavian SSR(Fig.3).
The main task in this zone is watering pastures and ir?
rigating cultivated lands with view to. minimize regular recur?
rence of droughts and ensure favourable farming conditions.
Irrigated lands in the USSR are distributed by natural
zones in the following way: 87.4 per cent in desert and semi-
-desert zones, 10.9 per cent in the steppe zone, 1.4 per cent
In the forest?steppe zone and 0.3 per cent in the forest zone.
Distribution of irrigated lands by republics is also ex?
tremely uneven as seen from Table 1 showing farmed areas in
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Ta6xmga I
nnommx semen, B OUBCHOX03HICTB8HHOM
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PCOCP
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Y36excxan CCP
46481
19252
35222
3110
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218617
94C7
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3031
1060
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4717
1389
MoxAmman CCP
2819
2170
Kmprmanaa CCP
.11713
1174
TaAsnonan CCP
4614
926
Apmnnonan CCP
1841
599
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35206
466
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1958 roA
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314ex
919
255
2933
965
877
. 320
1057
1977
1223
14
4071
2776.
1421
1966
-1248
1913
1580
30
1029
966
10047
1266
1231
-1145
860
389
4316
821
747
425
459 -
208
1435
536
414
213
389
698
36774
421
407
721
x/no Aannum rocyAapcTnennoro pleTa 38 1957 roA
xx/Bnlmtlan nmmamnoe opomenme.
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1
1
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Table 1
FARMED AREA IN THE UNION REPUBLICS PRACTISING IRRIGATION
(thous.ha)
Republics
1949
1958
.
: Arable :Including:
: areas :tilled
?
:areas
.
Cropped:Irrigated:Arable
: areas :areas :areas
: ? ?
. ?
:Inoluding:Cropped:Irriga4ed
:tilled : areas :areasxi
:areas
USSR
including in regions
of irrigation sone
610098
588152
177719
166360
139668
130096
9478
9478
609089
589983
220241
208839
195646
185787
12282
12282
RSFSR
244861
110847
83136
1083
240006
132660
114697
1588xx)
Ukrainian SSR
46481
35222
30089
147
44054
34698
32546
226xx)
I
Uzbek SSR
19252
3110
2943
2477
26610
3149
3046
2883
.../
Kazakh SSR
213617
9407
7238
2018
216961
30936
28661
3I46xx)
I
Georgian SSR
3031
1060
919
255
2933
965
877
320
Azerbaidjan SSR
4717
1389
1057
1223
4071
1421
1248
1580
Moldavian SSR
2819
2170
1977
14
2776
1966
1913
30
Kirghiz SSR
11713
1174
1029
966
10047
1266
1231
1145
Tadjik SSR
4614
926
860
389
4316
821
747
425
Armenian SSR
1841
589
459
208
1435
536
414
213
Turkmenian SSR
35206
466
389
698
36774
421
407
721
x) By the State Census of 1957
xx) Including Flood Irrigation
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?8 ?
BNAHO N3 AaHHEIX TadAHOT 1, B moTopott npmBeAemu Ha011taAa aemeab,
Hax0AHMHxca B OaABOKOX03HROTBeHHOM NOROA1330BaHail.
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eTeR oAHom oa Baal= 0 nepBoogepeoux B opomaemom aemmeAeaom
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? 9 ?
those republics where irrigation is practised.
Irrigation in the USSR is practised in over 20 per cent
of all collective and state farms. Apart from cotton and rice
grown exclusively under irrigation, the latter covers 30 per
cent of the entire area under alfalfa, 24 per cent under vege-
tables and 18 per cent under orchards and vineyards.
In spite of the low percentage of irrigated. aripa, in the
total stock of land in the USSR (5.5 per cent of plowed area
and that under plantatings) it gives in terms of cost as much
as 15 percent of the entire field husbandry produce of the
country.
Growth of Irrigated Area in the
1949-1959 period
The last decade has seen a broad development in the field
of watering and irrigation. ?
As seen from Table 1 the areas with irrigation? networks
rose by 1958 to 12 mill.ha to exceed the 1949 figure by 2.8
mill.ha. Depending on various climatic and economic factors
the area of actually irrigated lands varies from year to year.
In 1957 it exceeded 8.2 mill.hal having been increased by 1.6
mill.ha as compared with 1949.
The difference between areas with irrigation networks and
those actually irrigated depends primarily on water supply of
the irrigation systems and on crop composition.
The difference is the greatest as seen from Table 1 in
Azerbaidjan and Turkmenian Republics where fallow together with
grain crops occupied formerly, a prominent place. These have
been supplanted now in a large measure by cotton and other
moisture-requiring crops with long vegetation period.
Thus the water supply of irrigation area is a cardinal pro-
blem of high priority and all irrigation experts and workers
are diligently working to solve it. The State annually makes
for the purpose huge allocations and directs considerable ma?
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- IC -
CCCP, Ha paspemeHwe KoToporo HanpasmeHo you've scex padovimxow
BOAH0r0 X03NROTBe. B ax gemsx rocyAapcTso ezeroAHo oTnyczaem
6omsmme AeHezHue m maTepmamsHo?Textmiecume cpeAcTsa, o6ecnegm?
wammme ocymecTsmeHme 8HEFUTTeXIM ammtamsHux pa6oT.
HmomaAs JIRMeHHOPO opomeHma sa 1949-1957 roAuysemEtimmacs He
I umn.ra, qT0 B yomowmax sacymmosux patoms Ero?BOOTOES R lie-
8eXCTeHe curpamo domsmym poms B pe3BRTNN IRBOTHOBOAOTBe.
B ywasaHHutt nepmoA dumm mmpono passepHyTw pa6oTN no nape ?
mpoticliwy cTapo2 opocmTemsHon OeTR, UOCTPOeHHOI OqeHlt A8BH0 1
npncnocoJieimo isi weAeHma Limon) laHAmmmAyamsHoro X03HACTBe.
B awrycTe 1950 roAa nP8B8TeMIOTBON 6u2Io npmHaTo pemeHme o ne?
pexoAe Ha Hosym cnoTeuy opomemill c speueHHol opocomemsHoll
OeTTAD R yuppmeHmeu HONNBMIX racTzos c gemsm COSAMINH H8R$0?
,
zee 6maronpmgrux YCJIOBU g21If mmposot uexamisagmm o6pa6oTxm
semi m ydoplui ypozam B opomaeuux patonax.
K 1955 roAy pa6oTu no pexoncTpyggsm N Texamtzeczouy ycosep?
MeHOTBOB8H103 craps= opocmTeasHux cmcTeu, Cyilewou riZeHRpOBNI
nomepxHocTm 1108NBHNIC yqe0THOB, 6umm ocymecTsmenu Ha nmomaAm
domee 3 umH.ra. INCA? HOHNBHHX 5N8OTH0B He sTok nmomum coxpa?
TRAOCL 0 280 Ao 58 THCsiR? a cpeAHmil pasuep nommsHoro yqacTza
ysemonmxcH Ap 28 relmapos.
Ysemmmewme nmomaAm HOANBHM placTicos odecnequo B NOCROAYM?
gem mmpozoe m dome? OgeramsHoe npmueHeHme cemscHoxosacTsem?
HUX MelliNH npm pesEou HOBHWORRN HpONSBOANTOXIHOOTN TpyAa B opo?
maeuou? aeumememmx.
B Ta6mmgax 2 m 3 npmwoomoa OCHOBHHe mppmraqmoHmue odsexTu,
nocTpoenue ic 1949 roAy m sa nocmeAHee AecummeTme, a Tax=
HeX0AMINeCH B cTpomTemscTze.
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? II?
terial and technical resources to ensure in this field large-
-scale capital construction.
During the 1949-1957 period the area irrigated with flood:
method has increased by 1 mill.ha. This had a considerable ef-
fect on the development of animal husbandry in the southeast
of the country and Kazakhstan.
Large scale work aimed.at reoonstruction of old irriga-
tion networks built very long ago and suitable only for small
individual farms was also launched in that period.
In August 1950 the Government adopted a special deoision
to change over to a new system of irrigation The essential
features of the new system which created more favourable con-
ditions for mechanised cultivation and harvesting of crops
were temporary irrigation network and larger irrigation plots.
This change-over which included among other things level-
ling of irrigation plots was completed by 1955 On the area of
over 3 mill.ha. ?
The number of irrigation plots on this area was reduced
from 280 to 58 thous., while the average size of plot was in-
creased to 28 ha.
The increase in size of the plot resulted in a wider
and more efficient employment of agricultural machinery and
sharp rise of labour productivity in irrigated farming.
Tables 2 and) give major irrigation projects completed
by 1949 and during the decade that followed and also those
-under construction.
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? 12
Taiga 2
OCHOBHIO '11)0081;0nm:1e 065e1CTM9BBe?
AHHHI710 B CTB Lie IC 1949 roAY
HEIHMEIHOBEIHHH 0mecToHaxolimeHme
o6serra
Irolt ,9 mu-
.
10HOW18? ;OHM B Aem-
!HRH ,OTBH8
!cTpom-
,TWIBOTB8 ;
I 2 3
Kapm-BeHTexaH IIZOTHH8 Ha p.TeoceR,
TypxmeHoxag CCP
Maio-Ka6apAuHomam 06BOAH0TUBHO-
opocmTeliman cmcTema,KailapAlmo-
Bannapcnag ACCP,CeDepo-OcemomaH
ACCP
OpomeHme B MuLcmog oTenm.AaepdattA-
mammon ccr
AZ838HOH8H opoomTeraHaH =Tema,
rpyammam CCP
1120THH8 "1-e man" Ha p.3epaHmaH,
Menem! CCP
Ky6aHoicail opocymenmaH mum
\cmoTema, KpacHoAaponmft mpak
gymbmicitan =Time m opomeHme no
AT681110HOH0g H reoprmemmoft opoom-
TeALHum comemam,Kmprmacmem CCP,
KasaxonaH CCP 1937 45,2
KpacHopenenomm opocoTemmam cm-
oTema, KmprmacHan CCP 1938 16
KaHaiz Kia-KeTneHlKapa-Kannaumam
ACCP 1938 opomenme - 75,7 .
TamnenpmHomoe sonoxpaHmamme Ha
p.Mypra6, Typmmelickam CCP 1939 opomeHme - IO
BoaLmoR o CempHuft OepraHommit 19?9-
Hamuja6excitaH CCP, Tummnoican CCP 1940 316
YaymmeHme BOO-
1926 odecneueHHocTm
-30
opomeHme - 17,
1929 oftooeHme-60
1929 46,2
1930 34,4
1930 opomeHme -100
1937 15,1
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? 13 ?
Table 2
Major Irrigation Projects in the USSR
oompleted by 1949
Name and Location
of Project
Date of Area for Using
Completion (thous.ha)
Kary-Bent Dam on the Tedjen R.,
Turkmenian SSR
Malo-Kabardinsky Watering and
Irrigation Project, Kabardino-
Balkarsky ASSR, North Ossetic
ASSR
Milsky Steppe, Azerbaidjan SSR
Alazan Irrigation Project,
Georgian SSR
"1-st of May" Dam on the Zerav-
shan R., Uzbek SSR
Kuban Rice Irrigation Project,
Krasnodar Region
Chumysh Dam and Atbashy and
Georgievsky Irrigation Projects,
Kirghiz SSR, Kazakh SSR
Krasnorechensky Irrigation
Project, Kirghiz- SSR
Kyz-Ketken Canal, Kara-Kalpak
ASSR
Tashkeprin Reservoir on the
Murghab R., Turkmenian SSR
Great and North Fergana Canals,
Uzbek SSR, Tadjik SSR
South Fergana Canal, Uzbek SSR
Water Supply
1926 Improvement - 30
Irrigation - 17
1929 Watering -- 60
1929 46.2
1930 34.4
1930 Irrigation - 100
1937 15.1
1937 45.2
1938 16
1938 Irrigation 75.7
1939 Irrigation - 10
1939-1940 316
1940 62.3
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? 14 ?
Ilpoikozze HM adallux 2
2J 3
A
DOA OepraHcmil HaHam, Yadexcxan CCP 1940 62,3
BaXMCKEIR OPOORTOILH8H eNCTeMe, MAHER-
citasi CCP 1940 60
Kamnup-PaaaTexaH miloTHHa, Yadamxaa
CCP
KapaTancltaH plicoaaH opoeuenHaa CR-
oTema, itasaxcHaa CCP
Camyp-AHBHqmicHHti HaHall /I otiepeAL/,
A3ep6aliAzaHcHaH CCP
TuizxcHoe M Illancyrexoe laAoxpamomma,
KpacHmAapcimit Epal
KyTynyHcHaa opocHTeabHaa coTema,Hyl-
dHmeacxaa odnaon
OpomeHHe Ha daae TeCOTHeALCH02 1150TR -
Hu, K838XCH8H CCP
HOBWHHOMHOCHRft K8H8X, CTUPOROABOHR2
Hp at
Kaparamexaa opoemmen.Han comma,
11071,118BeHan CCP
YArtmeHHe BOAC-
1940 o netzeHHooT
- 300
1940 13
1940 35
perpopoaame
1940 CTOH4
1940 7,7
1941 12
1948 odaoxiene -IOC)
Bo ma-
HOMO- 5,8
HRe
1947
OpomeHme B aoHe HaHaza mean ICHpoaa,
KaaaxcHaa CCP, Y36exoHaa CCP 1949 195
OpomeHze Ha dm ApnanticHoro BoAo-
xpamuma, ApianimaH CCP
CIPOMeHRe H3 CeB8H-Pe3A8HCHOR HppHra-
gHoHHo-aHeuevatiecHoit CReTeMH, Ap-
MHHCHaa CCP
1949 25
1949 72
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?15?
Table 2 (contd)
Name and Location
of Project Completion (thous. ha)
Date of Area for Using
Vakhsh Irrigation Project,
Tadjik SSR 1940 60
Kampyr-aavat Dam, Uzbek SSR 1940 Water supply
Improvement -300,
Karatal Rice Irrigation Project,
Kazakh SSR 1940 13
Samur-Diviohin Canal (1-at
stage), Azerbaidjan SSR 1940 35
Tshik and Shapsug Reservoirs, Runoff
Krasnodar Region 1940 Regulation
Kutuluksky Irrigation Project,
Kuibyshev Region 1940 7.7
Irrigation from the upstream of
Tasotkelsky Dam, Kazakh SSR 1941 12
Nevinnowask Canal, Stavropol
Region 1948 Watering-100
Karagash Irrigation Project, restored
Moldavian SSR 1947 5.8
Irrigation in the zone of Kirov
Canal, Kazakh SSRI.Usbek.SSR 1949. 195
Irrigation from Arpalioh Reservoir,
Armenian SSR 1949 25
Sevan-Razdan Irrigation and
Power Project, Armenian SSR 1949 72
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?16 ?
TadAmila 3
OC HOB Hue oppmran HO nue p 860TN, Hag MHO
B nepmoA 1949-1959 rr.
Hr:1 MM eHO mime odBeitToB
0= OM Mi.
!II0A OKOH-!
I tl 8H1111
?ci PO X-
r
?Te.ncTBa
.
:
2
BBOA B AeticTue nmoma-
' AeM /Tuc.ra/
i
-.--.-.---------
!no npoeuTy 1 BBeAeno K
IHOWle ? 1959 row
!
iOKOHIlaHHH 1
tmex padoT/i
1 4
i 3 1
! !
Opomemwe B-POCTOBCK02 06-
A8CTE H8 6a3e gumammcmoro
II CT uzu
cTpo PI-
BoAoxp ummiuma
I1paBo-EropA1Ecum2 HaHaX,
C1813POTIOJILCKWil !pail
TeJILOTB8
1958
183
opomeume-
32,
o6BoAme-
mme-I500
120
opowemme-25,
o6BoAuemme
1200
Tepcuo-Kymcxau odBoAum-
odBoAme-
06BOAHOEIMe -
Temaio-opocmTezmiam cmcTe-
ma,getlemo-nrymcicau ACCP
1959
Time -1500,
opowemme-
340
150
ItyGaHla-if aaayecican odBoA-
B cTaAmu
opomemme-
HVITeJILHO-OPUCHTeJaH351
cucTema jnepBam oxrepeAB/,
CT aBpormincice lip a
cTpo14-
TOALCTBEI
35,
oftiogue-
HMe-7II
Mmryzenuau opoclueiuman
cmcTema,YUpammcuam CCP
Kpacmoamamemcicau opocm-
Temmo-o 6BOA}114Te.711)118F1
cmcTema /neoBan oilepeW,
YKpamucuau CP
Cmm(Deponcumcicoe BoAoxpa-
Hume m Curwpcfcau opo-
eine JLE,Haff c z cT em a, YicpaifH-
CKSS! CCP
B CT axim
arpom-
T NIB= B 8
B CT 8A Off
CTP00-
TeabeTBa
B CT 8A101
CT PO M-
TWUCTBEI
opomemme-
60,
06BOATIO-
ume-175
opomeume-
32,
oc5BoAme-
mme-I3
opomemme-
IO
opomemwe-24,
odBoAmeHile-
70
opouemie-3
IMP
oPomemme-5,5
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MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS BEGUN IN 1949-1959
Table 3
Names of Projects
?
Date of
;Putting Area under Irrigation construction: (thous .ha)
completing :According to Putting under
:design (after Irrigation
. :completion of by 1959
:all works)
Irrigation in Rostov Region
from Tsimlyansky Reservoir
Right-Egorlyk Canal, Stavropol Regidn
Terek-Kuma Watering and Irrigation
Project, Checheno-Ingush ASSR
Kuban-Kalaus Watering and Irrigation
Projeot (1-st stage), Stavropol Region
Ingulets Irrigation Project,
Ukrainian SSR
Krasnoznamensky Irrigation and Watering
Project (1-st stage), Ukrainian SSR
Simferopol Reservoir and Salghir
Irrigation Project, Ukrainian SSR
Irrigation of Golodnaya Steppe from
4irov Canal, Farkhad and Kairak -Kum
"ydraulio Projects, Uzbek, Kazakh,
Tadjik Republics
Under
construction
1958
1959
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
183 120
Irrigation-32
Watering - 1500
Irrigation-150
Watering-1500
Irrigation-35
Watering-711
Irrigation-60
Watering-175
Irrigation-32
Watering-13
Irrigation-10
405
Irrigation - 25
Watering - 1200
Watex-xng - 340
Irrigation-24
Watering - 70
Irrigation-3.0
Irrigation-5:5
36
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HpoAomiteHRe Tal5maga 3
2
3 1 4
Opomeame B r021070101 OTOHN
Ha (Sous ItypoBcitoro man,
Oapxancaoro Xaftpas-Iymono-
ro ropoyazom, Ya6eiconan
CCP,Kasaxcaaa OCP,TanaRscsaa
CCP
Opomeambil Hama Hess-
AHrap, Mama CCP
OpomeHRe Ha due Tinm-ItypraH-
csoro BoAoxpaminnaa, TOOK-
nag CCP
OpomeaRe odBoAHenne Ha do -
ae Katra-Opmmxol 11110TRM,
Kaaarcam CCP
ApacB-TypicecTaHcRaH ?pool -
TeaBROH cncTena, KaaaxcHaa
CCP
Bepxne-Camropcsaa ne3z&-
uai PpyoRmaaa CCP
Canyp-ARBRImpxn2 Napa; /H
oaepeo/tAaep6atvicalicsas
CCP
OpomeHRe B Hypa-APaxmcmg
REMOHHOCTR Ha 6aae Mure-
naypolsoro BoloxpaHRImma,
A3ep6aAAnaHcaan CCP
OpToTomAcxoe BoAoxpamummo
BOALMO2ITCHM2 KaHan,
o
KRprcicaH CP
B ?Tulin
oTpom-
TeaBcTloa
1956
B cTeARK
=pow-
TeaBcTBa
1957
CT won!
cTpon-
TWILOTBa
B CTUNK
cTpoR-
TUBCTB8
B ?Tung
oTpom-
TWILOTB8
B ?Tapia
arpoR-
TeabOTBO
3axam-
Boom
OTpOHTEIAL-
OTBO
405
36
opomeme- opomeHmo-
200 20,0
opome axe --
40,0
maze-
Me BOA0-
HMSO-
BaHRH-20.
Howe
?pompano-
120.
Odtove-
opomene-
115
40,8
15.0
ON*
ygrimeHne
BoAonoms-
BOBEIMB-
20
28,1
4,5
nepem- Hepempott-
pottcTBo- cm-73,
600, HOB06 opo-
HoBoe
opomene _ meHRe-I49
BOO
70,0
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48,3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Table 3 (contd)
Names of Projects
Date of
construction
completing
Putting Area under Irrigation
(thous .ha)
According to
design (after
completion of
all works)
Putting under
Irrigation
by 1959
Iski-Angar Irrigation Canal, Uzbek SSE
Irrigation from Chia-Kurgan Reservoir,
Uzbek SSR
Irrigation and Watering from the upstream
of Ksyl-Orda Dam, Kasakh SSR
Arys -Turkestan Irrigation Project,
Kazakh SSA
Upper Sanger/ Irrigation Project,
Georgian SSR
Samur-Diviohin Canal (II -nd stage),
Aserbaidjan SSR
Irrigation in Kura-Araks Lowland from
Mingheohaur Reservoir, Aserbaidjan SSR
Orto.i-Tokoy Reservoir And Great Chu
Canal, Kirghis SSR
1956 Irrigation-20.0 Irrigation-20.0
Under
construction
1957
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
Irrigation-40
Water Use Water Use
Improvement-20 improvement-20
New irrigation-
-120
Watering -160
Irrigation-115
40.8 28.1
15.0 4.5
Reoonstruotion-600
New irrigation-
-300
Reconstruction-
-73
New Irrigation
-149
70.0 48.3
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?20?
IlpoAoaxeHme Ta6Ami 3
2 ! 3 1 4
Pa3BOT1/18 opomeHmR B PAM
p.Baxm,TaxaxcxaR CCP
OpomeHme B JleHmHa6aAcxo2
odnacTm Ha daae Kapak-Kym-
cxoro rmApoyma,TaumxcxaR
CCP
PaamTme opomeHmn ma CeBaH-
Pa3AaHcxo2 mpporammoHHo-
aRepreTimecxo2 c1cTemN,Ap-
MHHCK8H CCP
OcymeHme M opomeHme Apaaga-
micxo2 cTenm,Apmucxan COP
TaxmHcxaR opocueABHaR CH-
cTema,ApmalicKaa CCP
Capu-RamHcxoe BoAoxpammim-
me,TypxmeHoxaR CCP
TeoeHme BogoxpaHmAmme,
TypxmeHcxaR CCP
Itapa-Xxmc1c42 xaHax /I ove-
peABATypxmericxanCCP
B ammo 22,0 5,0
CTPOOTeRB-
cTBa
B crumm
OTP014-
TaABOTB8 44,0 9,0
B cTaAmm
orpom-
TerlBcTBa 27,0 15,0
1956 7,5 7,6
B CTaAwil
=pm- 12,0 3,0
TeABcTBa
1958
1951
B maAmm
cTpom-
TWIBOTBa
9,0 9,0
7,0 7,0
92,5 14,0
OcHoBale IepTH nepcnextmoro naaHa paaBm-
mppmrammm
B CCCP mgo4aAB 3eMe.111), pc3noaozeHma B pakoHax nepcnexToB-
HOP? p33BVITN1 mpporammm W odecnetlemux BOA02 HOWXHOOTHOIT
CTOICa pelt, COCTOBJIHOT ozee 50 MIH. Pa, B TOM 1414C3la B pecayb-
awxax Cpemeg A31414 - 17,5 MAH., B HaaaxcmaHe - 18,5 mAH.ra,
Ha GeBepHom HaBxaae M mro-BocToxe PCCP - 9 mam.ra, 3axaBim3Be
- 1,8 maH.ra, B htpatuicito2 CCP z MoRAamKok ,-;CP - 3,7 msrH.ra.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Table,3 (contd)
Names of Projects
Date
Putting Area under Irrigation
of
construction (thous .ha)
completing According to Putting under
design (after Irrigation
completion of by 1959
all works)
Irrigation Development in Vakhsh 11;
Valley, Tadjik SSR
Irrigation in Leninabad Region by
waters of Kairak?Kum Hydraulic
Project, Tadjik SSR
Development of Irrigation by Waters of
the Sevan?Razdan Irrigation and Power
Project, Armenian SSR
Drainage and Irrigation of Arazdayan
Steppe, Armenian SSR
Talin Irrigation Project, Armenian SSR
Sary?Xazin Reservoir, Turkmenian SSR
Ted jen Reservoir, Turkmenian SSR
Kara?Kum Canal (1?st stage), Turkmeniam
SSR
Under
construction
Under
construction
Under
construction
1956
Under
construction
1958
1951
Under
construction 92.5
22.0
5.0
44.0
9.0
27.0
15.0
7.5
7.5
12.0
- 3.0
9.0
9.0,
7.0
7.0
14.0
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Balkh /
? MI*
-
?
If
r
R T PILAT EA
44A
'1
ashkr
rasnovalsk
TU R
A
M E N JAIS S R ?
hkhabad ?
.1.1"
Pr,
j)'1 A
?
_
?
Turkestar
ndiz hih" -
en nebad
rb_ r_gtn
bad I
s
--I
G A
Legend:
.1= Area irrigated
59
r e a proposed for irrigation
Water supply for pastures
by wells
Pica. Opowexvie B cpeArleammom pecnplumax
CoBemorp Comaa.
Fig.I. Irrigation in Central Asia Republics
Of the Soviet Union.
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PBC. 2.exemameoxaR icepTa opeoTmymmero I npoenupyemor0
? opomemmm B 68K8BRBBIe.
. Schematic Map of Transcaucasus Showing Areas of
Existing and Designed Irrigation.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
.-;1A-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
? 24 ?
P83/311T18 XJ10111COBOACTB8 Tpec5yeT yaematielima 11Z0P48AN OP01118311111X
semen B daccekaax pp.Amy-AapLx, Cup -1tapBx x B !type -Apaxcxx -
CICOR FI131/8111100T112 3B11/11011RIXCil OCHOBHEIMN P820/1801 11p0133BOACTB8
xmorma B cTpaxe.
B COOTB6TCTB6114 C 38A8FIGIeld 110 08./IBCROMY X0311tiCTBY 118 1959 -
1965 rr., N 0006313110 110 11p0143BOACTBY X110111C8, 11110148,1kb 38418,111) pe-
ry3zapHoro opomexux B yxaaaaHuti nepnoA xamexiaeTcx yBeaxtuaL Ha
1,9 mxx.ra, Ea xoTopux doxee 2/3 npuomacx Ha pecny6xxxx Cpu-
Heti A3014, 38X8BX831321 ION11612 K838XCT811.
B aone XX0111COCe1014NX patioxoa, IlepHAya npoAommexxem padoT 110
cTponTemzeTBy ROB171X upyruna apparatigoamix odsexToa, dozLmoe
BliN118/1148 B Texymem 0eM1A0TY114 6TileT yAemexo yarimemim bienNOP8-
TNBNOr0 COCTOHHOH opomaemmx aememB, 110BUM8111113 xx aoAoodecnetleff-
ROOTH H dopule 110T8ggin Boat H3 itaRanor. B2atkx Lomax xametia-
()TOR 005rIgeCTBNTL repeyeTpacTBo 11 TexxxTlecxym pexolicTpyxgoto cy-
mecTBpalitxx OPOCNTESABH60C cacTem xa Immo 0zee 2 lull?re?
Bo acex comaaux pecnydammax, B nparopoAxux 30H8X xpynaux ro-
poAos IP 11P0113R11.11011311X gempoa dyAeT 'upon opraxmaoaaao opome-
axe QBOII0 P1 xapTo$temx R8 aemmax cnegoafixamposammx XOSHROTB.
Balms pork, OTBOANTCH EIBTOM8TN38451N 110XNB8 1C8K cpeAcTBy pea-
Itoro 110B1311118/1Wi1 npole13B0 VIT8JILHOCTFI TPYAa B opom8e1.1011 3emmeAe3111M.
Hapuy a npameamixem npocTEm Texamecxxx cpeAcTa - HOXWBHUX
Tpydox, CN(10110B N paadopaux TpydonpoaoAos, npeAycmaTploaeTcx
mapoxoe axeApemve mane AomeBaHoem c AoBeAexzem it 1965 roltY
nxomma opomemi aTHM cnocodom Ao 750-1000 Tuc.ra.
Bonpocu OnaHCHp0B8HHH H ynpaaneaxa
Hanpammax yeaman HapoAa Ha Bcemepxoe paamawe cemLexoro xo-
3aCTB8 CTP811111, napTax i npampaenbcTBo yAeamoT doaLmoe
nvt.e BOIIPOC811 BOAH0110 xospittoTBa, cpeAx xoTopux dolamoe amagente
OTBOAIITCH Npporm140111161A1 meponpasailfill.
CTPONT8.111,CTBO P1 axcnayaTauxx OPOCNIVALFINX cacTem ocymecTamH-
10TCH 110 118P0AHOX035IRCTBeHHOLly rum Hy C 014/18HCI1p0B81:114811 padoT no
dmAmeTam C010311121X pecnydmax, B OCF1OBHOM 38 CtleT rocyAapcTBerifINX
accarimmaux#.
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? 25 ?
Plan of Long-Term Irrigation Development
Basic Features
Lands of prospective irrigation which may be fully suppli-
ed by the river flow exceed in the USSR 50 mill.ha of which
17:5 mill.ha are Iodated in the Central-Asian republics, 18.5
mill.ha in the Kazakh SSR, 9 mill.ha in Northern Caucasus and
South-Eastern regions of RSFSR, 1.8 mill.ha in Transoanoasus,
3.7 Mill.ha in Ukrainian SSR and Moldavian SSR.
The planned increase in cotton, production calls for ex-
pansion. of irrigated areas in the major cotton-producing reg-
one, in the, basins of the rivers of Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya and
-
in,the_Kura-Araks Lowland.
In a000rdanoe with agricultural targets and especially
those for cotton production it is planned to increase the total
irrigated area-in.the 1959-1965 period by 1.9 mill.ha; 2/3 of
the 'increase will be effected in the Southern Kasakhstan,Trans-
oaucasian and the Central Asian Republics.
Along with construction of new large-scale irrigatimpro-
jects in cotton-growing regions during these seven years a
Axeat:.Attention will be Paid to improvement of irrigated lands,
increasing their water supply and control of water losses from
oanals.,For these purposes renovation and engineering reoon-
struotion of existing irrigation projects is planned to be ef-
fected on the area of over 2.0 mill.ha.
It is also planned to effect in all Union Republics irriga-
tion of vegetables and potatoes grown in specialized farms
around large oi,ties and industrial centres.
Automation aimed at a sharp increase of labour productivi-
ty,in irrigated forming also figures large. Employment of
simple engineering devices, such as irrigation tubes, syphons
and. portable pipelines will be supplemented by a wide introduc-
tion of sprinkler method of irrigation which is to Cover by
1965 750-1000 thous.ha.
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1=,A
1;;;;?1,1
4
LEGEND:
Area irrigated
Area proposed for irrigation
Area proposed for irrigation and
water supplies for farms and pasture
)
Dzaudz ikau
4
-
so o so ieo iso too Mm
Pmc.3. Opowerme o6BoArrerme oewLercoxoadromermux yro?
ANg lora EBponettorcog qacTw CCCP.
Fig.3. Irrigation and Water Supplies for Farms and
Pastures in Southern European Regions of the USSR
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Pmc.4. roaome coopymemme Heammmomuccmoro K8H8218.
Fig. 4. Headworks of the Nevinnomyssk Canal.
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? 28 ?
A0A0B00 yq8CTHO KO3IX030B B K8HHT8A0B3IOK8HHHX Ha messopam-
Hoe cTpooTesseTBo Heyxgonno BospacTaeT no uepe ppengemis no-
HOMO KOAX030B.
3a HOCA8AHK8 cemB 3IT pasmep riaCTHE cpeAcTB KOAK030B B ra-
cyAapcTBeHHom OTPOKTOABCTBe opocaTemmux CECTeM COCTaBHA onee
13%. Tam xpymue pa6oTu, sax opomeme &zee 100 Tuc.ra se-
MeMI R8HTPULHOR 08praHU B Yadexcsoft CCP, HOAHOCTLM BUROAHHDT-
CH 38 CT CpACTB KOAX030B.
B pecny6saxax CpeAHe2 A330 w 3examans, re ceaBcsoe
CTBO daampyeTcs H8 opomaemom seumeAeAss 06BOAHOHNK dOAIITHX*
nacT6autHux TeppaToprat, onepaTamoe pysoBoAcm BoAHuu xossit-
CTBOM OCY48CTB31HOT Pecny6maxamsme MOHKeTePOTBa BoAHoro X03HR-
CTBa. BOAHUM X031dCTBOM B Ap81HCK02 CCP, Kaaaxcsol CCP MMom-
A8Bcgo2 CCP BeAamT rA8BHNe ynpameHas BoAHoro X03H2CTB8 ups
COB8TaX MOHHCTp0B pecnyftsx, a B PCOCP - YnpameHse BoAHoro X0-
3aCTB8 B COCTaBe MHHMCTapCTBa cemBcsoro xosskarBa PCOCP.
OCHOBHUO 3aKOHN,. nsAamme ACBH30 C HCHOAB-
soBaHmem BoAHux pecypcoB
Bonpocu Pa3BHTZH opomeHms B CCCP B pe cxygaeB paspezamTcs
ups ROMHEeKCHOM aCa02L1,30A3HNH BOAHUX pecypcoB B sHTepecax APY-
rmx oTpacmet HapoAHoro xossficTBa /roAposHepremca, BoAHuR Tp8H64-
nopT, 6opm5a c saTonmeHaem HaBOAKOBUMM BoAamo H AP./. CTP00-
TeALCTBy TaKNX odsexToB comsHorasHageHos, saTparsBammemy HH-
Tepecu mHormx oTpacmea HapoAHoro KO3HACTB8 KAH Hoosmemy xapas-
Tep mespecny6m14saHca14x cTpoes, npeAmecTByeT AeT8ABH08 paccuoT-
peHme BOHPOCOB CODSHUM UpaBsTemscnou. Hpamepou TeX= Ham6anee
MUM BOA0X03HICTBOHHEIX cTpoes, HO KOTOPHM B noczeBoemnift M-
ow COCTOHARCB PerdeHHH HP8BHTeATICTB8, HBAMTCH nacTpoeHHue
OapxaAcxx2 s Ratipas-Kyucxsit rupoysmu Ha p.Cup-AapBe, alecne-
TUBMNe BO3MOIHOCTI AanBHeamero p83BETHH opomeHms 600 Tuc.ra 38-
Me3Z B rOAOAHO# CT01114 B Ya6eacmott CCP H Kasaxcxo2 CCP, MaHre-
naypcs02 rimpoysem Ha p.Xype, soTopuki HapgAya paspemeHaeu sHa-
RNTEMBHUX HapoAnoxossticTBeHHux BonpocoB rimposHepreTaxs 14 6op-
6u c saTonnamem HO3BO3IH8T AoBecTa nmolgaAs opommemux semis B
KyP8-ApaKC14HCK02 HH3MORKOCTK A3ep68AAK8HCK02 CCP Ao 900 Tuc.ra.
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? 29 ?
Financing of Irrigation Projects
and their Administration
Mobilizing the popular effort for an all-round development
of agriculture the State gives a great attention to problems
of water utilization where irrigation occupies a prominent place.
Construction and operation of irrigation projects is ef-
fected in accordance with the plan of economic development. The
projects are financed by the State through the budgets of Union
Republics.
It should be noted that collective farms invest more and
more into various reclamation programs as their income grows
higher from year to year.
-Collective farms have invested into irrigation construc-
tion for the last 7 years over 13 per cent of the total. Such
large-scale projects as irrigation of 100 thous.ha in the Cen-
tral Fergana, Uzbek SSR, are wholly financed by collective
farms.
In the Central Asian and Transcaucasian Union Republics
where agriculture is based on land irrigation and watering of
vast pastures management of projects is exercised by the Repub-
lican Ministries of Water Economy. In the Ukrainian,Kazakh and
Moldavian Republics management is effected by the Main Admini-
strations of Water Economy under the Councils of Ministers of
those republics, and in the RSFSR- by the Administration of
Water Economy under the Ministry of Agriculture of the RSFSR.
Legal Aspects of Water Utilization
Problems of irrigation development in the USSR in many
cases are solved on the basis of multi-purpose utilization of
water resources for other branches of national economy (hydro-
power development* water transport, flood control etc.). Con-
struction of such multi-purpose projects of national importance
affecting many branches of national economy or being an inter-
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?30 ?
H8 dive BoAHux pecypcoB agMICHHCOOr0 BoAoxpaHmvmma npeAycmoTpe-
HO opomegme 600 Tuc.ra B POOTOBONO2 001ECTO; nocTpomue Ky26u-
meBcgmg m CTavmarpaAcall rmApoyszu H8 p.Bogre HOBBOAHT opocon
cBume 4 mere 3eme3IL B sacymmeux pa2oHax HOBOMEIH.
OTPONTWILOTBO odsexToB Ana opomeHma g odBoAHeuma 38M831L H8
TeppoTopmm oTAaumux pecnydvmx, He Bumaammee cgopHux BonpocoB,
cBasamtux C mcnonsoBaHmem BoAHgx PecyPcoz, pemaeTcH pecnydam-
icancxma opraHmsalmamm.
B pecnydamax OpeAnetAaw m Banana:am npmaaTu BoAHun 38-
Rom, HanpameHnue Ha ynomoneHle OCHO3IL30B8HOH BOAHUX geT04-
MOB, BoAonovuoBaHma O BoAopacupeAeneHma no opocmTeAsnum CR-
cTemam.
,
KpaTxas mmlopmangs od mppmragmonaux padoTax
B conic pecnydamvax
Ho PCOCP. Orpomnaa TeppmTopmn Poccvftexo2 0eAepanmm xapjcTe-
piayecs 6omnz?u pasHoodpasmem npmpoAHux yczoBm2, MEOW= 118
xapaxTep i pasBmTme ce3ILcxoxosH2cTBeHnoro npomsBoAcTBa. K pal-
?HSU, rAe mmeeTca mHoro nvoAopoAHux semeAB n Tenva,Ho v8-38
HeAocTarmoro HOlgq8CTB8 008AH0B OULCK08 X03H2OTBO H8OTOH-
Temno TpedyeT npoBeAenma opomegma, OTHOOHTOR: BmzHee m CpeAHee
noBoxame, CeBepnuft Kamm m HexoTopue pakoHu BocToximok Cmdmpm.
B saatimTe3azo2 nacTm pasaHaux P8ROHOB B810811 pox', opomeHma
sammtmeTca Taxze B odecneuenmm 803M0IH0 dompme2 7cTo2n14BocTm
C8MOHOX03H2OTB8HHOPO ITOK3B0AOTB8 O cmartieHmm BpeAaux nocA3A-
CTIIHR nepmoAmecxm HOBTOPHIAMOH sacyx.
B 1957 roAy nvogao opomaemux semen B pecnydame Aommrza
1590 Tuc.ra, M3 HIM B nepeumcvenux patioffax ilmcvmvocia 1485 TWO.
ra,mvo B nevom no pecnydvmxe duvo HOMO 900 Tuc.ra ae -
mem, B TOM q140a8 B 3TOX pa2oHax - 863 Tuo.ra,mgm 96%. 3a no -
cveAnee AecaTmveTme odmaa ngoigaAs opomaemux semen, B PCOCP yBe-
JURYITISCB B noaTopa pan,.
Ho PCOCP B nevom nonmBaeTca TogIxo ?novo 0,5% Bcex noceBoB,
oAHaxo B AarecTaHcxo2 ACCP, TyBOHOH02 g Xaxaccxol OTOHOMMIX
odzacTax m AcTpaxaHcxo2 odvacTm yAeamuk Bee opomaemux noceBoB
npmdvmvaeTca x pa2oHam CpeAHek A3OO m 3axaBxa3Ba.
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--- 31 ?
-republican affair is preceded by their detailed consideration
of the USSR Government. Farkhad and Kairak-Kum Hydraulic Pro-
jects on the Syr-Darya River are the examples of the most im-
portant projects which were constructed after special Government
decisions in the post-war period. The projects made it possible
to irrigate 600 thous. ha in the Golodnaya Steppe in the Uzbek
and Kazakh Republics. Another example is the Mingheohaur Project
on the Kura R. which solved not only the problems of hydropower
generation and flood control but allowed to increase the total
irrigated area in Kura-Araks Lowland, the Azerbaidjan SSR, to
900thous. ha. The Tsimlyansky water reservoir in the Rostov Re-
gion makes it possible to irrigate 600 thous.ha. The completed
Kuibyshev and Stalingrad Projects on the Volga R. have brought
irrigation water to more than 4 mill.ha in the arid areas of
the Povolzhye.
Construction of projects aimed at irrigation and watering
of lands withinv each republic and arousing no controversial is-
sues is decided upon by republican organizations.
Water laws regulating utilization of water resourcestwater
use and distribution have been adopted in the republics of the
Central Asia and Transcaucasus.
Short Description of Irrigation
Developments in Union Republics
RSFSR. The huge territory of the Russian Federation
presents a great variety of natural conditions which determine
the character and type of agricultural production.
There are in the republic some areas with fertile soil and
warm climate but rainfall restricts their agricultural possibi-
lities and calls for irrigation-measures. Such areas are: the
Lower and Middle Povolzhye, Northern Caucasus and some regions
in Eastern Siberia.
In most of these areas irrigation is also essential for
stabilizing the yields of crops and lessening detrimental ef-
fects of recurrent droughts.
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?32 ?
Opomaemue aemaz B pecny6nme pacnpeAeneHu menu rocyAapcT-
BeHHUMM opomemmumm czcTemauz i M8A1tU11 opomaemuum ymacTgaum
/c camocToaTensHumz NCTO4H14XU11 opomeHma/, Haxoximmuca B BeAe-
HON OTAULEUX X03H1ICTB, aacnnyaTanmm HoTopux ocymecTuare CaNR
X08112CTB8. YAemBHuti Bee Tama amen B odmem pHAe aeon c
opoczTeamoit cemm B PCOCP COCT3BJI218T 44%.
OCO6aHHOCTLIO opomemma B pecny6nme HBAHaTCH TOMO rocyAap-
cTBeHnue opomemBHue cmcTemu B donmmacTBe cnynaeB HounmeacHo
.paapemamT npo63Iemu opomeHma C OAHOBP8M8HHNM o6BoAneH11em 6e3BoA7
HNX Ham HeAocTaTomm odecnemeHnia npmpoAHumm BOAHUMR RCTOIIHNH8-
1411 TeppymopoR Ana HyaA cencitoro X03HRCTBa.
B 1948 roAy B CTaBp0HOMIC1cOM xpae aaKOHII8H0 CTpORMALOTBO
HaBNHH0MUCCX0r0 HaHaAa, OAHU() 113 HPyRINAT BOA0X03H2CTB0HHNX co-
opymeHmil cTpaHu, npeAHasHameHHoro AAH 06B0AH0HNH 113 pexmity6aH1
6eaBoAHux semen ceBepo-BocTomHoro CTaBponona m qaCTRIIHO Poo-
T0BOHO2 06AaCT0 /p11c.4/. B COCTaB cocTeuu HeBNHHORUCCROPO Haas-
318 BXOAHT nocTpoeHHue B 1953 'oAy HoBo-Tpomumft rmApoTexHamec-
KMA yawl R B 1958 roAy HpaBo-Eropzukcazil marmcTpammuk REIM
c ceTipm pacnpeAemmTemmux BOTBeg. HpaBo-Eropnuacamil Hum Anl-
HOR 123 am Ha npoTaxeHmm 2 NM HPDXOART B HaCUUHX BNCOTOA AO 35u
C BBOAOM B A82CTB118 aToro coopymeHma odecnemmBaaTca B 1959 roAy
o6BoAHeHme 1500 Tuc.ra m opomeHme Oozes 30 Tuc.ra maul, B
CTaBp0HOALCHOM Hpae.
B 1957 roAy MECO CTpORTWILCTBO Ky6aHB-Kal1ay0CH02 06BoAn4-
Te2IHo-opoc11TenHoil cmcTemu, HoTopaa AOARHa OdBOAHNTL B neHT-
panmoil macTH CTaBpononmoro Epaa 2,9 mn.ra 0 BudopomHuu opo-
menem 198 Tuc.ra. OcyRecTmmaemoe cTpomTencTBo HepBoil omepeAz
cucTemu paCOINT8H0 no o6BoAHeHme 711 ma's z Op0M8HRe 35 TUC.
ra amen. 0020BHUM11 coopymeHmauz yHaaaHHog cmcTeuu HBAHMTCH:
rzAp0TexH11meca112 pen H8 p.Ky6aH11, mammammmti semaaHym nnoTmHy
BucoTok 33 m, mmma-perynaTop Ama aadopa B mar11eTpa2IBm2 HaH82
180 m3/cm BoBu z cdopHue coopygeHma RaBOAHOBNX BoA Ha pacxoA
1060 143/cea. Ky6an-Ka31aycca1 amax-Ammok 159 Hui paccmoTaH Ha
noAamy 2,12 m3IpA.m8 BoAg B roA. 06mee npoTageHme rnamux z
npeAemmemmux xmanoB COCTURT 3865 104 113 HNX 11epBo2 omepeAz
cTpoHTenBcTBa - 544 Km. Ha nepensAax Ky6a1tb-Ka31ayccaoro MaTTICT-
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?33 ?
In 1957 irrigation networks in the republic approached
1590 thous.ha. of which 1485 thous.ha or 93 per cent were lo-
cated in the above-mentioned regions. Out of the total actually
irrigated area of 900 thous.ha in the republic 96 per cent or
863 thous.ha were located in these regions. The total irrigat-
ed area in the RSFSR increased 1.5 times during the last decade.
Only about 0.5 per cent of the entire cropped area in the
RSFSR are irrigated; .but in the Daghestan ASSR, Tuve and Kha-
kassian Autonomies and Astrakhan Region the percentage is ap-
proaching that for the Central-Asia and Transcaucasian Regions.
Irrigated lands of the repbulios are distributed between
the State-operated irrigation networks and small irrigated
plots with separate diversions which are operated by farms.The
latter occupy 44 per cent of the total area with irrigation net-
works in the RSFSR.
A peculiarity of State-operated irrigation projects is
that they are in most cases multi-purpose, irrigation and water-
ing of arid or water-deficient territories being solved at the
same time.
The construction of one of the largest hydraulic projects
of the country, the Nevinnomyssk Canal, designed for watering
arid lands in the north-eastern part of the Stavropol Region
and partly in the Rostov Region with waters of the Kuban R.was
completed in 1948 (Fig.4). The Nevinnomyssk Canal System in-
cludes the Novo-Troitsky Hydraulic Project completed in 1953
and the Right-Egorlyk Main Canal with distributing branches
completed in 1958. The Right-Egorlyk Canal 123 km in length is
running 2 km in fill up to 35 m high. Its comissioning in 1959
will provide watering of 800 thous.ha and irrigation of over
30 thous.ha in the Stavropol Region.
The construction of the Kuban-Kalaus Watering and Irriga-
tion Project for watering 2.9 mill.ha and partial irrigation
of 198 thous.ha was commenced in 1957. The 1-st stage of the
project is designed for watering 711 thous.ha and irrigating
35 thous.ha of lands. The principal structures of the project
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S
4
LEGEND
- fzistilfpwith CANAIS MK, ratularfive
Jr.siinral mils
0. DIA (1,MM/a AM d KJIMINS oak,
consketiox
Saipitd iraeRIGM'S
0 0,4 da?,p?,d
DZAUDZ
\.?
Pmc.5. CXaMa 0613071HaH1H Ha CaBapHOM KaBH83e.
Fig.5. Scheme of Watering in Northern Caucasus.
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Pmc.6. Kaprammmexm2 rmApoysex He p.Tepex.
Fig.6. Kargalin Hydraulic Project on the Terek
River.
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?36?
pammoro odBoAHmTemmo-opocmTemmoro HaHaA8 npeAycmaTpmBaeTca
coopyneHme rmApocTaHmmg ?Mug UOIMOCTLM 280 THC.HBT.
B WIC218 06BOAHHT8IEHNX cmcTem CeBepHoro KaBxama /pmc5/6omm-
moo mHatleHme ameeT CTPOHAWICH cacTema Tepcxo-Hymexoro xaHama.
AAHHa HUM 148 xm, pacxoA romomog qacTm - 100 m3/cex. Z3 3a-
6mpaemmx Tepcxo-Hymcxmm maaamom ms p.Tepex 2,4 m3IpA.m8 BoAu B
roA HametieHo 1CHOZ1130B8TB oxomo 1,7 mmpA. U3 ma odBoAHemin m
opomeHma 1,5 mmH.ra sememL B Horakcxog cTenm m oxomo 730 MAR.
mm/eels noAaTm qepea p.Hymy B Hyma-MaHuttexmg KIIHE01 g gorpagexoe
BoAoxpaHmiume Ama o6BoAHeHma m opomeHma RepHux mememL. Ha nepe-
naAax xaHama npeAycmoTpeHo nompleHme mmexTpomHeprmm o6uleg mom-
HOCTIA OHO= 35 THC.HBT.
B 1956 roAy amBepmem pa6oTm HO cTpomTemmoTBy Kaprammxpro
rmApoysma Ha p.Tepex, xoTopug HO3BOSH8T yBempluITE opomaemme
memmm B HH3OBLEIX p.TepeR c 40 Ao 100 Tuc.ra /pmc.6/.
BoxLmme pal5oTy HPOBOAHTCH C 1950 roAa no opomeHam semen B
POCTOBCHOR OdZaCTE Ha 6a3e Boximx pecypcoB Ilmmmauxoro BoAoxpa-
HWARM, BxoAamero B COCTaB BO2Ir0-AOHCHOr0 B0AH0r0 nyTm. B xomn-
mexce coopyxemig gmmmaHcmoro rmApoyama c mTog gemu coopyzeR
mmmm-perymaTop, paccumamg Ha pacxoA 250 m3/cex, H3 xoToporo
OC3'U8CTBAH8TCH BOA03860P B nocTpoemmg B 1958 roAy AOHCHOg ma-
rmcT'pamBHug xaHam Among 112 xm /pmc.7/. KaHam Ha BoAopamAeme
mexAy pexamm /ton m Cam npoxoAmT Tonemem AAHHOA ptI xm, a p.Cam
- Amxepom. Z3 AOHCHOTO marmupammoro Kellum BoAa nocTynaeT B
38ZORTIOHHH8 0Tp0HTUICTBOH HHEM-AOHCRy10, A3OBC1Qy10, Baraemxo-
CaAxoBcxym opocuTemmue cocTemm Ama opomeHmn 160 Tmc.ra mememL.
OCYMICTBAHaTCH CTPOHT8ZECTBO xpynHoro pacnpeAemmTemmoro HaH8-
xa Ana opomeHaa 23 THC.r8 mememm COEM030B H 1C011X030B B Hpome-
Tapcxom pagoHe POCTOBCH02 odmacTo m npeAycmaTpmBaeTca npmcTy-
H padoTam no odBoAHeHmm desBoArmix CaaLcxmx cTeneg B BOO-
TOUILDC pagoHmx 3TO4 06ZaCTH.
B KpacHoAmpcxom xpae Ha 6ame BoAHux pecypcoB p.RydaHm ocy-
IgeCTBEHDTCH mHallmTemmme padoTu HO cTpommemBeTBy opocmTemmmx
cmcTem Ana Pa3BH991H pHCOC8HHHH Ha nmontamH, xoTopaa moxeT dun
AoBeAeHa Ao I00 Tmc.ra.
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include: an earth dam 33 m high across the Kuban River,regulat-
ing sluice for diversion of 180 cu.m per sec. into the main
canal, and escapes having the discharge of 1060 cu.m per sec.
The Kuban-Kalaus Canal 159 km in length will convey 2.12 bill.
cu.m of water per year. The total length of the main and branch
canals will be equal to 3865 km, of which 514 km - in the 1-st
stage. Hydropower plants with total capacity of 280 thous. kw
are to be constructed on the drops of the Kuban-Kalaus Irriga-
tion and Watering Project.
The Terek-Kuma Canal System now under construction is one
of the most important watering projects in the Northern Caucasus
(Fig.5). The length of the canal is 148 km, discharge at the
head is 100 cu.m per sec. The canal will divert from the Terek
R. 2.4 bill.cu. m of water per year, of which 1.7 bill.cu. m
will be used for watering and irrigation of 1.5 mill.ha of lands
in the Nogayskaya Steppe and about 730 mill.cu.m per sec.are to
be conveyed through the Kuma R. into the Kuma-Manych Canal and
Chogray Reservoir for watering and irrigating Chornye Zemli
eBlack Lands"). Drops on the canal will be utilized for con-
struction of hydropower plant 35 thous.kw in total generating
capacity.
The Karglainsky Project on the Terek R. completed in 1956
made it possible to increase irrigated areas in the lower reach-
es of the Terek River from 40 to 100 thous.ha (Fig.6).
Since 1950 large-scale irrigation developments are under
way in the Rostov Region on the base of water resources of the
Tsimlyansky Reservoir being an integral part of the Volga-Don
Waterway. Tsimlyansky Project includes a regulating sluice for
this purpose. It is designed for the discharge of 250 cu.m per
sec. to divert water into the Don Main Canal 112 km long com-
pleted in 1958 (Fig.7). The canal crosses the watershed between
the Don and Sal Rivers by means of a tunnel 6.1 km in length,
and the Sal R. by means of an inverted syphon.From the Don Main
Canal the water enters the Lower Don, Azov, Bagaevsky and Sad-
kovsky Projects to irrigate 160 thous.ha of.lands.A large-scale
distributing canal for irrigating 23 thous.ha of lands of col-
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Pim. 7. 414MAIVICKali II31OTO118 anexTpocTalumg.
Fig. 7. Tsimlyansky Dam and Hydroelectric Station.
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Cm4eponoxLme BoAoxpannume.
Fig.8. Simferopol Reservoir.
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?40?
Ho Yxpai1icxo2 CCP. Hallam pe3BNTHH opomenn He Ykpane OT-
HOCNTCH,K XX OT0/18T1410. AO 1917 roAa Ha TeppoTopom Yxpamm dumo
Bcero JThflhlL OROAO 6 Tuc.ra opomaemux semen, a x Homy 1932 roAa
roe HeCtINTUB8310CL domee 67 Tucera.
Opomene nollynno ocodeHHo ammo? pasBoTme H8 Yxpane noo-
n Beauxo2 0TeRecTBeHHo2 Bo2Hu. 3a nocmeAHee AecnToaeTme opo-
maemue sun B pecnyllme yBemonmamcB 6omee Rem B 1,5 pasa,AoL
CTOPHyB He nocmeAnto AaTy yea /1957 roA/ ?KOZO 226 Thr.ra, B
TOM xINC218 B Honxosax 169 Tuc.ra. Opomaemue semn pasmemeHu
OCHOBHOM /95%/ B MIKHO2 nacTm.Ykpaon - B cTennok soHe pecnydn-
KM, re BBIN8A88T H8AOCTUOMH08 KOZ14118CTBO 0C82KOB N nepoovinec-
XX 11OBTOPHMTCH sacyn. B 3TNIC yczoBnx opomene HB2uH8TCH OCHOB-
HUM CP8ACTBOM, odecnenoBamwomlwaynene BL1CO1CD 0 rapaHTopoBaH-
HUX ypoxaeB OBOUNX 14 TWCHNLICICKWX xymyp, COB N BmHorpaAHo-
KOB.
B YXpancxo2 CCP so nocmeAHme roAu wmpoxoe pasBoTme =lyn14-
.710 CTpONTEWBOTBO MPYA0B, KOZOgeCTBO xoTopux yBennomoci, He 6000
c mowaALm sepxma BoAp 40 Tuc.ral donee nem BABoe Bono= xo-
nneCTBO apTesoamnx nmoAgeB 14 H8 25% - KOA14118CTBO MeXTHNX
xmoAneB.
McTomunamm opomenn-B pecnydamme FIWIRIOTCH B OCHOBHOM pen
/67,8% mex opomaemux nomaAe2/ o apTesonHcne HozoArtu /20,4%/.
OCTULHEIR naolflaAB OP011188TCH OS osep, nUA0B, POAHNKOB 14 1118XTHWX
KOA0A48B.
Pasmepu nomoBHux nxoutaAe2 HeBemon. KoaxosHue opocoTemEaue
cocTemu C MION8010 AO 25 ra OXBeTUB8MT 14,2% Bcex opomaemux 3e-
mem, OT 25 Ao 100 ra - 29,2%, oT 100 Ao 500 ra - 29,0% o donee
580 ra - 26,8% Bcex opowaembec semen"...
noAana BOO Ann opomem CeALCKOX03HECTBeHHUX xymBTyp He ?
sTox sew= ocymecTBAnTen: camoTexom - H8 12,4% odmel nolliaAm
m 0 nomoum HecocHux y0T880BOK - 87,6% Beex opowaemux semem).
B 1957 roAy 6171AN KURTH xapTo4parp, OBOAN, duno, caAu, grog-
Bnorpanon, sanmomme OKOAO 83% BC82 1103114BH02 =man.
3a nomeAne AecHTB JIT dun nocTpoeHu nonTo Bee xpynHue ro-
cyAapcTBeHHue opocoTeminue cocTemu oneHepHoro Tona:"Kamelico142
n0e, N3 xoTopo2 OPOIlleeTCH 17,5 Tue.ra sememL B 38110pOICKOR 06-
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?41?
lective and state farms in the Proletarik District, Rostov-Re-
gion, is now under construction. Measures aimed at watering of
the arid Salsk Steppes in the Eastern part of the region will
soon get under way.
The Kuban R. water resources will be.utilised in the Kras-
nodar Region for rice-growing. The area under rice can reach
100 thous.ha.
UKRAINIAN SSR. Development of irrigation in the Ukraine
began in the 20-th century. There were only about 6 thous.ha
of irrigated lands in the Ukraine before 19171 and at the end
of 1932 this area exceeded 67 thous.ha.
Irrigation development in the Ukraine was considerably in-
tensified after World War .11. Irrigated areas in the republic
increased during the last decade more than 1.5 times to approxi-
mate 226 thous.ha, in 1957 169 thous.ha of them being in col-
lective farms. 95 per cent of irrigated lands are located in
the steppe sone, on the South of the Ukraine where rainfall is
inadequate and droughts regularly recur. Under such ciroumstano-
es irrigation is an only means of obtaining high and stable
yields of vegetables, industrial crops, orchards and vineyards.
During the last years construction of ponds has been under-
taken on a large scale, their number was increased by nearly
6000. Their total surface area equals 40 thous.ha. The number of
artesian wells increased more than twofold, and that of pits
by 25 per cent.
The main source of irrigation in the Republic are rivers
(67.8 per cent of the total irrigated area) and artesian wells
(20.4 per cent ). The remaining area is irrigated from lakes,
ponds, springs and pits.
Irrigation plots are not large; Irrigation plots in col-
lective farms up to 25 ha in area cover 14.2 per cent of all
irrigated lands, those from 25 to 100 ha - 29.2 per cent, from
100 to 500 ha - 29.8 per cent and over 500 ha - 26.8 per cent.
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?42?
Pmc.9. 3AaHme Mumma Racecard OTEUMMIL
Fig.9.Ingu1ets Pumping Station - Power House
PMC.IIIMMINHHHA BSA KflryAOHICOg HacocHO CT8HUM
Fig.10.Ingulets Pumping Station - Pump Compartment
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.41
225
POO
175 .
150
A*2
125
100
75
PS API I
511 -
2.5
0
I0
PS AP4
L EGEND
ED foam 1T1 Chalk
= Cloy CD Sand
Interlayers ofsoig ond clay o'cposits of
eluvial roars
PS.- PurThoing stations
I- L. I 11 i A771
0 .50 50 70 80 90 100 110 170 00
II.Rpojtozmmg npo(Dium Raliana CeBelmwk Aolleg-Amidacc.
Fig. 11. Longitudinal Profile of the North Donets-Donbass
.Canal.
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? 44 ?
macTm, TeRraHCHEIH, AASHNHCKaR v KWINHCHSH cmcTemm, opomammme
domee 13 THC. ra B KpumcHolit odnacTm. B Kpmmy noc_TpoeHo.0gmcle ?
pononnuoe BoAoxpaHmmmme, HoTopoe o6ecnequaeT no Caarmpcmoil
opocmTemBHottcmcTeme HoBoe opomeHme aememB Ha HAOMaAN I0 THO.
ra /poc.8/.
B 1957 roAy 6uma BBeAeua B AeticTBme neplaH onepeAB cTpom ?
TOEBCTBEI HurymenHoll opocraTemBHoft cmcTemu c mexammecumm BoAo?
noAsemom, moTopan none OHOHtlaHNR Bcex paCoT dyAeT odecneqm?
Ban) opomeHme 0E0;0 65 Tuc.ra aememB B XepcoHclopl n HmicomaeB ?
amok o62IacTnx. HacocHaH cTaHmmH MurYmenHoil cmcTemit /pmc.9iI0/
RBAReTOR OAHOR N3 HpynHeAmmx Ha opocmTemBlux ONCTeMaX B COBeT ?
nom Comae.
3AecB me He mre Ykpamm BeAeTcH cTpomTemBoTBoriepBoil ?gape ?
AH KPacHoaHamelicuog cmcTemm, ucnonBaymmel BoAHme pecypcu BoAo?
xpaHmnwma Kaxoscuoro rmApoyama m opomeuma 32 Tuc.ra aemeam
Xepcommoft OftaCTR.
HeLOANTOR B cTaAmm nomHoro aaBepme-Hma OTPONTeABOTBO oAHoro
NB. ispyrniux g B TeXHNneOHOM OTHOMeHM0.0AOIHRIC coopymeme ? RS?
CemepHm4 AoHeU?Aon6acc, HoTopun HapnAy C Hopeimuu yarimemm ?
OM BOA0OH861WHN1I npomummeHHoro HoHdacca 6yAeT nacTmo NCHOAL-
30B8H AAR yAoHmeTBopeHmH HyzA cemBomoro moaxlicTBa.
Kauan Ammnal 0E0310 130 He paccinTaH Ha nponycmHym cnocod?
ROOM 25 m3/cem MeTom m 18 m3/cem amok Amn odedneneHma noAanm
noTpedmTemnm cBmme 600 N3H.H8 Dom B roA. Ha npoTHmeamm 20 mm
EaHam nompuT npoTmBoOmmTpagkoHHott meneaodeTomot odnmnonok,
6 KM UNICOAHTOR Ha aampuTml ynacTom maHama R 24 HU COCTaBARMT
He mum paammqHme rupotexHmtlecume.coopyzeHma, nocTpoeuHut
OCHOBHOU NO c6opumx zemeaodeToHHux monTpyugmft. K8H8A sanpoes ?
THPOBaH 113 HHTN OaMOTOTIHNX ynacTHoB, pacnomomeaux Ha paaHot
BHOOTe. Boa c ovoro camoTegHoro yqacTua Ha Apyrol HOAaeTOR
neTupBma Hacocuumm cTaHmmlimm. 06maH BucoTa.noAseua ? 237 m
/pmc.II/.
B MOM HeAaneuom 6yAymem AOXICHO HaciaTBOR OTpONTeABOTBO Ce ?
pep? ?Kplimmtoro Haliana, HoTopoe paAmmamBuo paspemmT Bonpoc pea ?
BMTVIn opomeHmn B ceBepgux pagoHax Kpuma N BoAocHafteHim Kep?
nemmorp ftpomummeHHora pagolia. HpoTameHHocTB CeBepo ?Kpumexoro
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?45?
Water for irrigation of crops on those lands is either con?
veyed by gravity (12.4 per cent of the area), or pumped (87.6
per cent of the area).
In 1957 irrigated areas under potatoes, vegetables,melons,
orchards, berry plantations and vineyeards covered about 83 per
cent of the total irrigated area.
Almost all large?scale modern engineering projects were
constructed by the State during the last ten years. They in?
elude such projects as "Kamensky Pod" irrigating 17.5 thous.ha
in the Zaporozhye Region, Taigan, Alain and Kaoha Projects com?
manding over 13 thous.ha in the Krimea Region. The Simferopol
Reservoir completed in the Krimea proiides new irrigation of
10 thous.ha in the Salghir Project (Fig.8).
The I?st stage of the Ingulets Irrigation Project with
lifting of water by pump was put into operation in 1957. This
project will provide when fully completed irrigation water for
about 65 thous.ha in the Kherson and Nikolaev Regions.The pump?
ing station of the Ingulets Project (Fig.9, 10) is a largest
one ever installed at irrigation projects of the Soviet Union.
The I?st stage of the Krasnoznamensky Project is also
under construction in the south of the Ukraine:It will utilize
water resources of the Kakhovka Reservoir for irrigating 32
thous.ha in the Kherson Region.
The construction of a large and complex engineering struc?
ture, the North Donets?Donbass Canal, is nearing completion.The
canal will not only radically improve the water supply of the
Donbass but will be partially used to satisfy agricultural re?
quirements.
The canal 130 km in length is designed to discharge 25 cu.
in per sec. in summer and 18 cu.m per sec. in winter to supply
to water users over 600 mill.cu.m of water per year. 20 km of
the canal has waterproof reinforced concrete lining, 6 km is
covered section and 24 km is under various hydraulic structures
made mostly of prefabricated reinforced concrete. The canal will
have five sections at different elevations. Water from one
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?46?
?
'mama - 362 RM, OpOCHTeABH8H cnocodHocTm nepmo2 otlepeAm CTPO-
HTeABCTB8 COCTUHT 50 Tuc.rempom.
Ho Ya6eRcRo2 CCP. YadeRmeTaH saHomaeT neppoe mecTo B ComeT-
cRom Come no nmomaAm mHTeHomBHoro opomaemoro semmeAemmH. Pe-
rymnpHo opomaemue semmm B pecnydmeme COCT8B3IHMT ORO= ?Awl
TpeTm mcex opomaemux naomaAek B CCCP.
0cnomHo2 oTpaclimm cemmcRoro X03H1CTB8 YbdeRcRott CCP HBAHeT-
CH XAOHROBOACTBO. n000B8 xmonqaTnma Ha opomaemux semmix 38HH-
mame ?Immo 60% meet nommmHok nmomanw B pecnydame. YsdeltmeTaH
HBAHeTCH OCHOBHOg xmonicomoft dasok CCCP, B RoTopo2 npomsmoAmTcn
domee 67% mcero saroTamEmBaemoro B eTpaHe xmonica.
B 1959 ra pecnydmmRe duno codpaHo w qgalio rocyAapcTmy do-
mee 3,1 MAH.T xmoma-cupga, TO f101TL B mecTm pas dommme, nem
B 1913 r. 3a nocmeAme AecnTmmeTme npo 13BOACTBO XA0818 yBOAMM-
AOCB B 1,7 pa. Ho ypomatHocTm =Inca B nepemoAe lie BOAORHO
YtdeRmoTai CTOHT smaqueamm muffle BeeX npomamomgmmx XAOHOR ro-
cyAapcTm: Cifilt,ErmnTa,lialcmcmaHa,Typnmm,MeRmmapaHamAp.
Yenexm B PUBMTHH XAOUROB0ACTB8 Ytoexmcma AocTorHyTu B
3H8qHMABH01 mepe dmaroAapH HeycTaHHomy IIHOM8HHIC Comenoro npa-
BMT1UCTM8 K mppmrammoHnum meponpilamm, npomoAmmum B pecnydrim-
Re, m orpomHo2 padoTe, HenpepumHo munomBHemo2 yadexcimm Hapo-
Aom no COBePMeHCTBOB8HHIO opocmTemmHux cmoTem ii pacmmpeHmm opo-
maemux sememm.
3HattmTemmnue macmTadt nompumo mppmrartmoRHoe CTPOZTeEICTBO
B 1939-1940 rr, RorAa B Y360KHCT8He H8 ocnome X03HACTBeHHOr0
pcpenmeHm RO3IX030B H pocTa noilTniaecRo2 CO3H8Te3ILHOOTH ROAX03-
HHKOB pasmepHymocm mmpoRoe Hapoome Ammmenme sa momy m ocmoeHme
HOB= sememm.
Bommmul pasmax sTo AmmmeHme nomygmmo no mHmgmaTmte epraE-
CICVC Ha cTpomTemmcTme Bommmoro OeprancRoro mamma,
Roma 160 THC.ROAXOBEHROB 38 45 AHe2 nocIpommm E8H8A A/MCA B
275 KM, mmpimoft BO m X rrydimot 4 M, 0 pacxoAom moAp B romom-
Hot q8cTI.I00 ma/ceR /pmc.12,13/. STOT Ragan dun saTem npoAomr.
zeH Ha 75 KM B TaAmmRcRo2 CCP, m odmaH ero AAHH8 AocTmrma 350
Rm. Hpomep cTpomTemel Bommmoro Oepramcoro RaHama dut noAxmageR
BO mHormx Apyrmx patioHax WeRcRo2 CCP m Apyrmx pecnydmaR.
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? 47 ?
gravity section to another higher up will be lifted by pumping
stations, with the total height of lift of 237 m (Fig. 11).
The construction of the North Crimea Canal is to be com-
menced in the nearest future to radically solve the problems of
irrigation development in the steppe areas of the Crimea and
water supply of the Kerch industrial district. The length of
the North Crimea Canal is 362 km, the irrigation capacity of
the 1-st stage will be 50 thous. ha.
UZBEK SSR. Uzbekistan has the largest area of intensively
Irrigated farming in the USSR. Regularly irrigated lands in the
Republic make up one third of the total irrigated area in the
Soviet Union.
Cotton growing is the leading branch of agriculture in the
Uzbek SSR. About 60 per cent of the total irrigated area in the
Republic is under cotton. Uzbekistan is the leading cotton pro-
duction republic in the USSR. 67 per cent of the country,s cot-
ton is grown in Uzbekistan*
In 1958 the Republic produced over 2.9 mill, tons of seed
cotton or 6 times as much as in 1913. Cotton production during
the last decade. increased by 1.7 times. Yields of lint in Uz-
bekistan far exceed those of any cotton-growing country: USA,
Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico, Iran and others.
The successes in cotton-growing in Uzbekistan have been
largely achieved due to unremitting attention on the part of
the Soviet Government to irrigation in the republic and due to
the continuous effort of the Uzbek people aimed at further im-
provement and extension of irrigated area.
Irrigation construction assumed a wide scale in Uzbeki-
stan in 1939-1940 when economic consolidation of collective
farms and growth of political consiousness of their members
gave rise to a broad popular campaign for water and reclama-
tion of new areas.
This campaign assumed a tremendous scope after the initi-
ative taken by collective farmers in the Fergana Valley when
160 thousand people accomplished during 45 days a canal 275 km
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? 48 --
Pnc.I2.roAmoe cooppeHme Boxmoro OepraHcxoro xaHaxa.
Fig.12. Headworks of the Great Fergana Canal.
Poc.I3. HepenaA Ha Rummote OepraHcRom Hamm.
Figa3. Drop Structure on the Great Fergana Canal.
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_
Pme.I4. Cxema opomemma (DepraacicoM Aommu.
Fig.14. Scheme of Irrigation in Fergana Valley.
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?50?
rIpi V180TON MHpOKIIK mace HOXX03HHKOB &Am nocTpoeHu B
raHcHog AO2HH6 /pmc.14/, OAHOU N3 BeAyAmx MORHOCCDAHX pagoHost
pecnyam m Bceg CpeHe A3, CeBepHug m DEng Oepramme Ha-
Ham OEM HPOTHUHUM O1c0X0 270 HM.
PICTOUIHK8MH opomeHma Amu HUHDTCH peci HapuHi Kapa-Aapsn,
cocTaBniumme Cup-Aapsio,cama p.Cup-Itapsn, a Tante (Somme qmcmo
APYrnx pen, OTCHUIRKX C XP86TOB onagmmamAxx OepraHcHym A03m7
Ha TeppmTopmm OepraHcRog AommHu BeAyTon 6o3Esmme pa6oTu no
peameTpymnim cyAecTBytutwx CTp01TOXBCTBy HOBNX opocimemsHux
ONCTOM N rmApoTexHmliecnxx YHZOB. nocTpoeHu Kamnup-PaBaTcHaH,Tm-
mm-Tamcman 0 HygraH-HpcHan BoAonoAsemnue UNOTHHH H8 p. Kapa-
Rapse, ppynHue opomeasnue H8H8AH, 08011011HB81014H8 yCTOINHBOA
0P0M8HH8 B AommHe TOXBNO H8 TeppoTopox 7368HHOT8H8 H8 1momaA0
onomo 750 Tuc.ra, YpTa-ToicagcHoe BoAoxpaHmmmige Ha p.KaccaH-Cag,
06p830B8HHOO nmoTyHog 13 nameHnog n86po0m0 BucoTog 59 m c HO-
Hycaumm aamBopamm /pmc.I5/1 CEIPH-Kypramman BoAonoAsemHan MO-
THH8 Ha p.Cox o mHorme Apyrme.
HO 38M8q8T8ABHOA HH0HH8TE03 NO=03HHH0B (DepraHcnog, AHAHZ8H-.
HamaHraHcnog odmacTeg B 1953 roAy Haqamocs m RpoAommaeT-
CH ocsoenme Tnn
Tuc.ra gemmuux 0A8CHTHOB TUCHti reitTapoB nepe-
30IHNX semems geHTpamsnog (DepraHu.
Opomekme B 620ma4ume roAu yHmannux men npeBpaTar geHT-
pamsnym 00Pr8Hy B Hpynnym xmonnoBym &lay, HoTopaa 6yAeT HMIs
domsmoe aHageHme B 6ops6e yndencnoro HapoAa 38 BunormeHme cemm-
meTHero HA8H8 HO yBemmtieHom Hp003BOACTB8 xmorma B 7363HHar8H8
H 1965 roAy H8 30% no cpaBneHmo c 1958 roAom.
Kpynnegmmm B nepcnenTue macctsom XIOHNOCOHHHH HUROTCH Po-
HOAHasi cTenB, liacnonozeum H8 TeppoTopmm Yadancmog CCP, Hoax-
mg CCP N q8CTWIHO TaxiantcHog CCP /pmc.I6/. K H8CTORMUY BPe-
MOHO ocsoeHo OUZO 220 Tuc.ra semen, H8 TeppmTopmm YadeHmeTana
I K838XCT8H8, 113 KoToptix OHM 180 Tuc.ra opowamTcH 113 HUNT-
pusHoro Hamm om.KmpoBa.
C 1956 P. H8 daae nocTpoeHHux OapxaAcnoro, K82p8K-KylICKOr0
H oTpolimerocn lapAaplacHoro rimpopmoB H8 p.Cup-Aapse upon
OCMCTBAHMTCH p86oni HO AOHOHH0T8ABHOMy opomenmio 6omee
400 Tuc.ra nycTylogmx aemems rOZOAH02 UMW, 03 noTopux HO 73-
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?
-51 -
long, 30 ci wide, 4 in deep and 100 ou.m per sec. of discharge
in-the head (Fig. 12, 13). This canal was then extended by an-
other 75 km in the Tadjik SSR, and its total length was thus
extended to 350 km. The example was followed by other regions
of Uzbekistan and other republics.
North and South Fergana Canals 270 km in total length were
constructed in Fergana Valley (Fig.14) which is a leading cot-
ton-growing region of the republic and whole of the Central
Asia.
The-sources of irrigation water in the valley are the Na-
ryn and Kara-Darya Rivers which form together the Syr-Darya
River and numerous water courses running down from the noun-
tainouveridges bordering the Fergana Valley. Large-scale recon-
struction of existing irrigation projects and construction of
ne* ones is under way on the territory of the Fergana Valley
all the time.
There have been completed Kampyr-Ravat and Kuigan-Yar Bar-
rages on the Kara-Darya R., large irrigation canals which en-
sure irrigation of 750 thous.ha in the valley on the territory
of Uzbekistan alone, the Urta-Tokay Reservoir on the Kassan-Sal
R. impounded by a masonry dam 59 in high with cone gates (Fig.13
Sary-Kurgan Barrage on the Sokh R. and many others.
Reclamation of 100 thous.ha of virgin lands and scores of
thousands of fallow lands in the Central Fergana was initiated
by collective farmers of the Fergana, Andizhan and Namangan Re-
gions in 1953 and is under way at the present time.
In the nearest future irrigation of these lands will turn
the Central Fergana into a large cotton-producing area and will
help the Uzbek people to fulfill the Seven-Year Plan and in-
crease ootton production by 30 per cent in 1965 as compared
with 1958.
The Golodnaya Steppe situated in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
and Tadjikistan (Fig.16) will become a largest cotton-produc-
ing area. About 220 thous. ha on the territory of Uzbek and
Kazakh Republics have been already developed, 180 thous. ha
of them being irrigated from the Kirov Main Canal.
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Pmc.I5.Pa6oTa KoHycHoro aaTBopa Ha 11.110TPTHe YpTa?Toxakcicoro BOAOXP81IWINA8.
Fig.15. Cone Gate of the Urta,-,Tokay Reservoir Dam.
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Volinsky
? ///
!/
?Farkhad dam
LLCEND:
- Existing canals
---- Designed canals
Existing collectors
==== Designed collectors
Existing railways
Designed railways
0 Pumping alarions
rtSQ Slate Farms boundaries
Areadexistingirrigalion
Areaddesignedirrignhon
tansky
Its CJ1
Dahl
5.1
0
TAD311? SSIt
Pmc. 16. Cxema opomemmn PolloAmok cTenm.
Fig. 16. Scheme of the Golodnaya Steppe
Irrigation.
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54
dexcHok CCP - 280 TNC.F8, HO Ka3axcEo2 CCP - 100 TNc.ra
mime opomeHme oicoao 25 TNc.ra B TaAHmucitoli CCP. AZH ocBoeHmn
opomaemux aemenB Ha TeppmTopmm Y3dexcuo2 CCP m Kasaxm2 CCP
npeAycmaTpmeTcn opraHmsagon, B nepBym ogepeAs, cBume 30 HOBUX
xxonitoBux COBX030B CO cpeAne2 nnomaAsm noceBoB B HMX 01C0.110 10
mire.
P8(50TU,CBH38HHNO CO CTPOHT8XLCTB0M opouTensmx coopysteHm2
m ocBoeHmem opomaemux aemens, BunommeT cTpomTeasHan ?prams-
"rnaBronoAHocTencTpoO, OCHOBHNNH 06S8RT8MH CTPOHTWILCTB8
EoToporo HBAHMTCH:
DOA K8H831 Anima cBume 90 Km, HBAHMURCH npoAonxeHmem Ae-
pmBagmonHoro K8H8X8 lapxaAcm2 ITC;
qapnapmHcHmft rmAporen H8 p.Cup-AapBe, npmaBaHHNR, HapnAy c
perynmpoBaHmem CTOK8 3IHpaaBmTmH opomeHmn B ronoAHo2 cienm,
odecneumTs ycTo2mmBoe opomeHme Hine no TegeHmm pm H8 TeppmTo-
pmm Kaaaxmco2 CCP;
geHTpa3IBHu2 ronoAnocTencHm2 xoNnenop, oTBoAnund maduTotme
rpyHToBue BOW H3 menmopurmBHo HednarononyuHux p82oHoB TeppoTo-
pmm ronoAHoR cTenx;
TexHmnecican penoHapyugmn cygecTBymmero KUM HUM KopoBa
Am yBemmgenm ero nponycHHO cnocodHoCTm Ao 230 113/ceit. CTpom-
TWILCTBO opomensHux cmcTem COBX030B, xxonxonepepadaTuBammmx
3830A0B-9..C8TH zeneaHux m mocce2Hux Aopor m 711)Yria cooNniuma,
Bxommmx B KOMHZ8HC OCB08HHH CTOJIL aHamemeamoro opomaemoro M80-
CHB8.
AJIH cysneHma o M8CMT868 BOA0X03H1OTB8HHOr0 CTPOMITALCTB8 B
ronoAHO cTenm AOCT8TOTIHO OTM8THTL,qT0 odsem semamx padoT H8
CirpormeascirBe,opocmTensHux =Tem COOT8BHT OKORO 600 maH.m30To
npmmepHo paBHo odsemy, BunonHeHHomy B 1957 r. npn ocymecTimeHmm
Bo7oxo2HEcTBeHHoro cTpomTenseTBa B 118310M HO CCCP..
BOABIEMO uppmragmome P860TU BUTHOJIMHN H OCT=TBAHMTCH
Apyrmx xxonuocemmmx pa2oHax pecnydnimm. B nocneBoem2 nepmoA,
B CBH8H o HeodxoAmmocTBm yBenmtleum momeAm opomaemux aemens m
nomieHm BoAoodecneuelmocT0 aemem cymecTByMmero opomemin, B
A02141118 p.3epaBmaH HOCTP08HN HaTTa-KypraHcmoe, TyAa-Kynsme
Kym-MasapcHoe BoAoxpamuma odmeR emEocTsm donee 1,6 mnpA.m8
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55 ?
Work has been. .under way from 1956 to ir-
rigate additionally in the Golodnaya Steppe as much
as 400 heotares of non-populated lands. The aim is to be aohiev
ed on the basis of the Farkhad and Kairak-Kum water reservoirs
already completed and the Chardara Project on the Syr-Darya
River now ander construction. 250 thous.ha in this area are
located in the Uzbek SSR, 100 thous.ha - in the Kazakh SSR and
25 thous.ha - in the Tadjik SSR, the latter area will be ir-
rigated by pumps. As many as 30 cotton-growing farms averaging
each 10 thous.ha will be set up in the 1-st stage on the newly
reclaimed lands of the Uzbek and Kazakh Republics.
A special organization "Glavgolodnostepstroi" has been
set up for carrying out land reclamation schemes in the Golod-
naya Steppe. The organization has been entrusted with oonstruc-
tion of the following projects: the Southern Cana1,90 km long,
which is the extension of the derivative canal of the Farkhad
Hydropower Plant; the Central Golodnaya Steppe Collector for
draining away excessive ground water; Chardara Project on the
Syr-Darya River which will regulate the flow of the river for
irrigation not only of the Golodnaya Steppe but also a certain
area on the territory of the Kazakh Republic; engineering re-
construction of the existing Kirov Canal for increasing its
capacity up to 230 cu.m per sec; construction of irrigation
systems of state farms, ootton-mills, railways and highways
and other structures necessary for the development of such a
vast irrigated area.
Sufficient idea of the scale of irrigation construcion in
the Golodnaya Steppe is afforded by the volume of earthwork
which is to equal about 600 mill.ou.m, the figure that approxi-
mates the total volume of earthwork involved by irrigation con-
struction in the whole country in 1957.
. Large-scale irrigation works have been either completed or
are still under construction in other cotton-growing regions
of the republic.
In the post-war period with a view to enlarge irrigated
areas and give More water to lands of existing irrigation there
have been constructed in the valley of the Zeravshan River the
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Pmc.I7. HAOTRIM na p.thiptam B rozme Hanna Kapa-Cy.
Pig.17. Dam on the Chirohlk River at the Head of the
Kara-Su Canal.
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_
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NO.I8a888111MHTCKEIff 11310T0H8 Ha p.litipmAK
Fig.18. Gazalkent Dam on the Chirohik River.
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58
BOAR H HNOTHER He p.TImplax /OHC.17,18/; B8BepMeMTCH padoTrn HO
coopynento.TmR-ByryBenro BoAoxpammuta B daccam p.Roptiox n
%m1-Hyprancnro H8 p.Ramxa-Zapsn. 0cy0ecTmena nepedpocxa
45 mIll/cex Boa' os p.3epamall B MeROBOAHUR daccax p.Kamita-AaPLK
HO many Mcx0-Anr8p. Hamel:len 3HetiNTWILHO PeCMHpHTT2 =Mg
noceBa TORROBOZORUCTOr0 XX0H118THHR8 B dacceftHe p.Cypxan-Zapo
Ha dase nocTgoenHoro 364-Kusuricicoro 0 uTpomierocR Wino-Cypxall-
wcoro BoAoxpexmm.
Meponp0m01, peepadartmemme no CO8A8HHM B cpeAxem Tellen00
p.Amy-Zapm xpyrmoro perywapymigero rmApoysrla 0 apaTeAscTay Ha-
COCHNX cTentud, C ECHOALBOBeHHeM sampooneprwn H8 dase Aeon-
ro npopouoro rasa, odecnegem B nepcnexTime BOUORHOOTB mon-
ro pe3BMT0H opomeemux Bemerm B manoBoAnmx panoliax mro-BaneAna
t18cT0 Y86eRHCT8H8, OTZ8leHHHX OT OCHOBH02 BOAHOR apTepra - pen
Amy-Zaps&
B HOSOBLHK p.Amy-ZapLm - Xopesmcnm ?Bane H Rapa-Harmanica-
ACCP - OCHOBH02 saAatien OPOMeHMH B drumathime rum npoAormeeT
OCT8B8TBCH UOBEIMOHHe BoAoo6ecnetienocT0 AacTummx opocoTe2IL-
HUX nyTem cTpomTeriscTBa rOZOBHMX BoAosadopHux ysrloB
/p0c.19,20/1 nepempacTBa opomeAsHot ceTm 0yriyquiem mezzo-
pamonoro COCTOHHMH semera.
Ho K83eXCRO1 CCP. Ho posmepam cBoa Tepp0Top0m Rasaxexaft CCP
soimmeeT BTopoe mecTo cpeA0 colosHux pecnydnux noon PCOCP.
Borman xleCTE TeppraTopint pecnydzymm pacnorioxeRa B Bone Homy-
nycTuRs o orpamella Ha cesepe cTenHumm parnicranamo, a na mre nyc-
TURMANo ropnumm xpedTamm. OrpomHaR TeppeToppm RasaxcTaHa Xe-
paxTepnyeTcH pawmumm xorinnecnom aTmoqepxux ()calms. He Ce-
Bepe BunaAaeT OROZO 300 MM B roA, B geHTparmux exacm - 200
MM, 8 B HyeTHHHX H8 mre cTpanu Bcero ABM OH0110 I00 mm.
Opowaemble Benin B pecnydrime COCTULEHMT 3,1 mAH.ra, ma pac-
Top= lacHgBAs peryARpnoro opouleHBR - 2,05 MJIH.re H AmmaHnoro
- (mono 1,1 man.ra. 85% mex Bemera perviRpHoro opowem cocpe-
AOTOROHO B 5 odzacm KaH0110 1(838XCTelle, rAe papmentear noceml
xrionqaTHRIca, pna M caxapHo2 cBeKJIN, ROTOP8H paHee HaTeppoTo-
pm0 HaBaxoTaRa He BO3OZWBeReCb.
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?59?
Katta-Kurgan, Tuda-Kul and Kuyu-Mazar Reservoirs exceeding 1.6
bill.cu.m in total storage and dams on the Chirchik R.(Fig.17,
18); Tiuya-Buguz Reservoir in the Chirchlk R. basin and the
Chim-Kuigan Reservoir on the Kashka-Darya R. are nearing com-
pletion. The transfer of 45 cu.m per sec. of water from the
Zeravshan R. to the Kashka-Darya R. basin poor in water has
been effected by means of the Iski-Angar Canal. Areas under
fine cotton varieties in the Surkhan-Darya R. basin are plann-
ed to be considerably increased by means of the Uch-Kyzyl P.eser-
voir already completed and the South-Surkhan Reservoir still
under construction.
Broad irrigation development of south-western areas of Uz-
bekistan remote from the Amu-Darya R., the main waterway of
the Republic, is planned to carry on in the future by construc-
ting in the middle reaches of the Amu-Darya River a large-scale
regulating project and pumping stations using low cost natural
gas.
In the Lower Amu-Darya (Khorezm oasis and Kara-KalpakASSR)
the principal task is to raise the water supply of existing ir-
rigation systems through construction of head-works (Fig.19,20)
reconstruction of irrigation networks and land betterment.
KAZAXH SSR. It is the second republic of the USSR,by the
size of its territory.
The major part of its territory is situated in the semi-
-desert zone and is adjoined by steppe plains on the North and
by deserts and. mountainous ridges on the South. Rainfall is
very unevenly distributed over its vast territory. It is about
300 mm per year on the North, 200 mm in the central regions,
and only about 100 mm in deserts on the South.
Irrigated areas in the Republic cover over 3.1 mill. ha,
2.05 mill.ha of them are regularly irrigated and approximately
1.1 mill.ha are irrigated with flood method. 85 per cent of all
regularly irrigated lands are concentrated in five regions of
South Kazakhstan. These lands are under cotton, as the princip-
al crop, rice and sugar beet which was not planted on the ter-
ritory of Kazakhstan before.
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,PUc.I9.CTpyeHanpamaHmmaH cmcTema m roaome R8118118 Tam?Caxa.
Fig. 19. Stream Deflector at the Head of the Tash?Saka
Canal.
Pmc.20. P860T8 eemaecoca H8 xaHaae Kum?KeTxeH.
Fig. 20. Suction Dredge in Operation. Kyz?Ketken Canal.
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Pc. 21. rozomia w3-peryanop Ha KmpoBeicom marImpansHom 'maze B
rozwa mem ,
Fig. 21. Head Sluice Regulator of the Kirov Golodnaya Steppe Main Canal.
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?62?
B mom oclaacm HasaxeTama pacnoaogem ace Rpynmue opocm-
Tealmue emeTemu pecnydamm.
0pOCNTEMBH8H emeTema Raman mm.Kmpoaa B rooHo CTeEB4, IIN-
Tamang ma p.Cup-AapBm, HO nponymog CH00061IOCTN N paemepy
opomaemog =gum HB2xH8TCH 0A1102 13 Rppmegmmx B COB8TONOM COM-
38. OH8 opomaeT 130 Tuc.ra HOC8BOB B KOAX038X 11 C0BX038X Kaaax-
mg CCP /min/.
Ha aemanx, opomaemux N3 RamanoB HmpoBcRog cmcTemu, pomege0
B cempo-aanaAHog 118CTO rO3IOAH02 MHO H8 TeppmTopmm Kaaamog
CCP Rpynmegmmg B cTpane XJIMIHOBOAtiOCHN OBX03 "llaxTa-Apax".
06mall nnoggo TeppmTopmm COBX038, RoTopaH BCH oxBaReHa opocm-
TemIxog cemm, COCT8BZHOT 12 Tuc.ra. 40E82 =0=8 AocTor B
1957 roAy 35g/ra c naomaAn dome 5 Tuc.ra. MarmTparanug Ra-
gan COBX03H02 cmeTemu =Hog 30 NM MEM nponymym CUOCO6HOCTL
AO IO ma/ceit. 06ga5x HpOTHIBHHOCTB 84 rpynnoBux If 2000 nocTom-
HNX RapToBux opomeaeg ma cocTeme 1300 Rm.
B HacTongee apemH B COBx038 B0311KKJI8 H006X0A0MOCTB B Ropem-
mog peRomeTpyRgmm cymecTBymgeg cmeTemu opomemm 118 6aae noaeg-
mmx AocTmgemng mayRm 0 TexHum, cooTBemaymmeg AocTmrHyTomy
371eci, BucoRomy ypoBHm arpoTaximm, arpomeamopammux Meponpoa-
? 0 M8M0HHO2 MCMINN. HepeyoTpogcm opocmTeabHog C8TO AAR
geneft AolimeBaHma m opomemme 3T0M cnocociom B annepumeHTaaLHom
nopuRe npoBoAgTcH H8 TeppuTopom COBX038 B Tegemme HEICICOASNMX
aeT, npm 3TOM menorbayeTcH ApyxRomcoamug AogAeBaamug arperaT
AAAr400 m /pmc.22/.
BoAau Cup-Aapo opomamTcH 0 o6BommTcH Tame orpomme mac-
CMBU 303M0Z1 B HN3OBBHX 3T02 peKO. HOCTP08HH851 B IO KM Bume PO-
polla Hua-Opap naoTmma mmeeT orpommoe sHaseHme AaH BoAoodecne-
geHms IINE6 pacnoaollemiux opocmTenBaux cucTem /pmc.23/.
B 30110 RomaHAoBauma Haua-OpAmmxog HNOTNEN CO3A8H yeTOMIN-
BUM 0oAoe8dop Apia opomeHmH donee 120 Tuc.ra, B TOM tINCJI8 40
Tuc.ra noceaoB pmca, BosAeauBaHke RoToporo B ymaeaHHom pagoHe
HEIJIHOTCH 3#8HT0BHUM, 8 Tulle AJIH 06BOAH8FINH 1180T6PHII 0 ceHoRo-
COB H8 =mug 1,6 maH.ra. Orpommoe 3H8g8FIN8 HM8OT OTpONTUIECT-
BO qapAapmfmoro rmApoyeaa B daccegHe p.Cup7Aeps0, eaaepmeHme
moToporo paapemmT RomnaeRc BonpocoB, CB5I38HHUX C AaJaHegamm
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? 63 ?
All the largest irrigation projects of the republic are
situated in the ,southern regions.
The Kirov Canal Irrigation Project in the Golodnaya Steppe
is one of the largest projects in the Soviet Union 14 its capa-
city and commanded area. It serves over 130 thous. ha of irriga
ted lands of collective and state farms in the Kazakh SSR( Fig.
21).
The largest in the country cotton-growing state farm of
"Pakhta-Aral" is located in Kazakhstan in the North-Western
part 'of Golodnaya Steppe irrigated by the Kirov Canal Project.
The total area of the state farm, the whole of which is under
Irrigation, equals 12 thous.ha. In 1957 the area under cotton
exceeded 5 thous.ha, the per ha yield of cotton was 35 oentners.
The main canal of the state farm 30 km long has discharge up to
10 cu.m per sec. The total length of 84 branch canals and 2000
permanent ditches is 1300 km.
The state farm is facing an urgent need to bring up to
date the existing system of irrigation.on the basis of latest
scientific and technological achievements and in accordance with
requirements of agrotechnical and land betterment measures and
the use of machinery. Adaptation of the irrigation system to the
requirements of the sprinklermethod and experimentation with
the latter have been going on the state farm for a number of
years. The type of sprinkler used is DDA-100 is, cantilever,
Double-head (Fig.22).
The water from the Syr-Darya River is also used for irriga-
tion and watering of vast areas in its lower reaches. The dam
10 km upstream of the town of Kzyl-Orda is of great importance
for water supply of downstream localities (Fig.23).
The Kzyl-Orda Dam irrigates over 120 thous.ha including
40 thous. ha under rice which is the most profitable crop in
this region, and waters 1.6 mill. ha of pastures and haylands.
The Chardara Hydraulic Project now under construction in the
Syr-Darya basin is also of great importance for solving the pro-
blems of future irrigation development in the Golodnaya Steppe,
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Po. 22.AomeB Witie XAMIKOBNX noceBoB B coBxose "HaxTa?Apan",
Fig. 22. Sprinkling of Cotton Plantations in the State Farm
of Pakht a-Aral.
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Pap.23. KampAaacKaa naoTaaa aa p.Cup-1I0Pla.
Szyl-Orda Dam on the Syr-Darya River.
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66
pasmmem opomeHmH B roaoAgoki cTenx,paaBmTmem pococefiHmH m Os-
BoAHeHmem sHauTeamux 3eMeJn I8CTWI1UfOO INBOTHOBOACTBa B HN-
30BB5IX p.Cup-AapBm N nozymeHmem AonoaH1Teamo2 rmAposaexTpo-
sHeprmo /P3C-I00 TUC.HBT/.
CTpONT851,0TB? ApucB-TypxecTaHcxoro HaHalla 0 Byrya0HPIN BO-
AOXpaHHANIWM 134KOCTLIO 370 maH.m3 HanpameHo Ha NCHOZE.30B8HNO
OT0K8 pe x ApucB Byryla AaH perywHoro opomem 70,5 Tuc.ra
m opraHmsagmm ammaHHoro opomeHmH Ha naomaAm 15oaee 50 Tuc.ra.
BoAu p.Ypaaa HOMOnaHO NCH02:630B3n nyTem OTpONTULOTBa Ypa-
ao-Kymymexo2 odBoAHmTemBHo-opocmTeaBHoft cmcTemu. AaH sa6opa BO-
AN N3 pexm (5yAeT =Tom marocTpaaBHutt HaHall 0 pactieTHum pacxo-
Aom 125 m3/cex. 0057WTBAHaTCH UpONTEJALOTBO BoAoxpaHmamma Ha
p.KypTu, Bomu xoToporo dyAyT NCHO3Th30BaHU B8 opoweHme onee
23 Tuc.ra N odBoAHeHme 100 Tuc.ra nacTrimm 08HOH000B B
Ajiva-
AT0HCICO o63IacTm.
06BoAHeHum nacTOmm B Kasaxeme nomaeTcH mod? BaxHoe 3118-
11aHNE, B CBH814 C Heo6xo1?mocTBm-o6ecnetioTB xopmosym dasy
pacTyntero IINBoTHOBOACTBa. Ho xoamuecTBy odBoAneHRux 1180T60AHNX
yrook KasaxcxaH CCP saHmmaeT 'mime mecTo cpeAm 00maHNx pec-
ny6amx /83,4 mmx.ra/.
HyTem umpoxoro cTpomTeaBcpBa MaXTHITic Y1 TpydqaThm maoAgeB,
Taxxe coopyxeHmH 06BOAHNTaJILHO-Op00NTalibHia cmcTem npeAycmaT-
pmBaeTcH AoBecTo it 1965 roAy naoRMB 06BOAHeHHNX n3cT60m B pec-
nydme Ao 130 max.ra.
B, ycnoBmHx exyAHux BoAHux pecypcoB MecTaux N0T011H1E0B B sa-
CyMANBUX patioHax geHTpaaBHorolcesepHoro,sanaAHoro BOOT0qH01,0
KaanCTaHa orpomHoe sHatieHme npmodpeTaeT A0MaHH00 opomeHme AaH
noBumeHma ypozatiHoomm TpaB Ha nacTdmaax0 ceHoxocax. Ypoxatt ce-
Ha Ha ammaHax AocTmraeT 15-20 g/ra BmecTo 3-5 g/ra Ha ecTecT-
BeHHUX OeHOHOCaX. 3tiNKT0BH0CTII opraHmsagmm ammaHHoro opomeHmH
noATBemaeTcH yleammeHmem odmett naomaAm ANM8H0B aa nocaeAHee
AecHTmaeTme ojieeqem Ha 900 Tuc.rexTapoB. Oxon noaoBimu cy-
memBylomeil naomaAm ammaHoB coopeAoTogeHo B 3anaAHom KasaxcTaHe.
B TeneHme damxa2mmx neT nmom,aAL mmmaHHoro opomeHmH B Hoax-
-cxok CCP HamellaeTcH yBeamtimTB Ao 2 mmH.ra.
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? 67?
rice growing, watering vast pasture areas in the lower reaches
of the Syr-Darya, and generation of additional hydroelectric
power (Hydropower Plant - 100 thous.kw ).
The Arys-Turkestan Canal and Bugun Reservoir 370 mill.cu.m
in capacity are constructed. They will utilize the waters of
the Arys and BUgun Rivers for regular irrigation of 70.5 thous.
ha and flood irrigation of more than 50 thous.ha.
The Ural R. flow is to be utilized through the proposed
Ural-Kushum Irrigation and Watering Project. Water will be di-
verted by the main canal, 125 cu.m per sec. in discharge capa-
city. The reservoir on the Kurty River' is now under constructi-
on; it will irrigate over 23 thous.ha and water 100 thous. ha
of pastures and haylands in the Alma-Ata Region. Special im-
portance is attached- in Kazakhstan to watering pastures to cope
with the feed demands of the growing livestock population. The
area of watered pastures in Kazakhstan is the largest among all
other Union Republics (83.4 mill.ha).
The area of watered pastures is planned further to be in-
creased up to 130 mill.ha by 1965 through intensive constructi-
on of pits, drill wells and watering-cum-irrigation projects.
In conditions of scarce water resources of local water
courses in arid central, northern, western and eastern dis-
tricts of the Kazakh SSR flood irrigation acquires particular
importance for raising grass yields on pastures and haylands.
? Hay yields on areas irrigated by flooding is 15 to 20 oentners
per ha against 3 to 5 centners per ha on natural haylands.Sinoe
the flood method of irrigation is very effective in above-men-
tioned districts of the Republic, the area where it is practic-
ed has been increased for the last decade by more than 900
thous.ha. Approximately half of it is located in Western Kazakh-
stan.
Flood irrigation areas are to be increased up to 2 mill.ha
in the coming years.
Further expansion of irrigation lands and watering of pas-
tures in the Kazakh SSR necessitate adoption of measures for a
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Lid
UPI
Gallery section
Totaty71195a ,ntanstth
soil
syol
?Satskhenisi Plant
W.L. in distributor
Adueduct section",m?, ? emplan?I\
orA..siom
Total tunnel length
8026m
Total aqueduct length
L.364 m
Inverted syphon section
Total inverted syphon
Length L=?1605 en
Canal section
( with concrete lining)
'writhe
4 a a a 3 4 a a a 4- 4 0 0 a au a 4- -4 a a
50 5 6 7 8 9 10 II IS 13 It 15 16 11 IP 11 ID SI 55 55 50 05
07006
/11.7LjJh e he_ail_of delivery canal
01 Iet,iln0osj plant
Total canal lend!
1.=29020rn
a 4
56 07
4
55
S -4
77 30
60
CI 37
a a
03 56
Tbil isi en 070500
"8 "
Rapids section-A'
?
Total rapids length l.l528,n
-a a i 4 3
ss 36 37 57 53 41
Pic. 24.Cxemumvecxm2 npoilommik npoNuIL Bepxlie?
Camropcxoro marlicTparmlioro REIMA8.
Fig. 24. Scheme of Longitudinal Profile of the
Upper Samgori Main Canal.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Pwc..25.rallepeg !a BepnleCamropolcom E8dl8A03..
? lasig.25. Gallenr.ort the Upper Samgori 'Canal
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? 70 ?
? B Kmaxcuill CCP B geaRx Aumiegmero pacumpeHmR Opomaemux
aemeJm M ol5BoAHeHmR nacTam paapadaTuBarecR meponpumm no o-
iee NCHOJIB30B8HOM BoAHux pecypcoB pe x Mam, lipTumajpa-
58 N AP. BOA8MH p.MAu momo 6yAeT OPOCRTI2 BH8WITIMIHNO HJI0M3-*
Au noceBoB caxapHo2 CBCNZN, puca N AY6HHNX xyaLTyp. McnonIao-
Bane BOAHNX pecypcoB papaaa AaeT BO3MONHOCTL OPOCRTL doxhAme
maccou B rypbemmo2 m 3anaAHo-Ka3axcpammo2 odnacm. CTOR
palmmma HamenaeTcR NCHOZB30B8TB Ha ammaHHoe opomeHme, odBoAxe-
Hite R 082BCHOX03HZOTBEIHHO8 BOAOCH86Z8HR8 B aeHTpanmux ceBep-
Hux odaacTRx pecnydamxu.
Ho rpxammxog CCP. Ho XammaTtinecum 0 pe21B4Hum ymouRm
rpyam AeAmTeR Ha Ase, peaxo oTamnammuecR APyr OT Apyra gam:
aanaAHym aoHy mopcxoro Bamoro cy6Tponmnecxoro NANM8T8 C
npemmymecTBeHHo paBHmHHum penelpm R BOCTOtIRPO - aoHy cyxoro
HOHTHHOHT8ABH0r0 HJIRM8T8 B 3H8tI0T83IBHOg oBoett %INTO O ropticTum
peabedom. Z3 231 vue.ra opomaemo2 nAomum oxoao 21% 38HHTN oBo-
mamm, xapTopmem, 6axneBumm m Texaunecxwma xyABTypamm, caAaum
R BmHorpaAnnxamm. HoceBu sepHoBux aaHmmamT 39% nosmBHux aeueAII
OCTU1H8H nAolliaa, H8X0A0TCH no xopmoBumu o nponumm xyaLTy-
pamm oyroAiamm.
Camas xpynHaR opocuTeaLHaR cmcTema B pecay6Amme - Cauropcman
- PERIM opocum aeman H8 naomaAm MAO 90 Tuc.ra. B HacToRmee
Bpemn aaBepmaeTcR CTPORTULOTBO nepBo2 onepeo pados - Bepxne-
Camropcxan opocuTeallHaR COCT8M8, B 30H8 xoTopo2.6yAeT opomemo
40,8 Tuc.ra aemeAL, pacnoaomeHnux B palm CTO3INI51 rP5I8NN,
r.Tdmamcm /puc.24,25/. Ha nepenaAax BepxHe-Camropcxoro uarmeT-
paamoro xaHana nocTpoeau T14 roApoanexTpocTammm, Aammme
aaexTpoaHeprum npeAnpmffimm rpyamm.
VICTOIIHNNOM HNT8HNH opocuTeniao2 cucTemu HBAHEITCH p.Mopm,
CTOK xoTopog peryampyeTcR B Amyx B0AOXP8H0A048X - CNOHCHOM Ha
p.Mopm odzemom 325 maH.m3 m TWoccxom - odlemom 308 mAH.030
mcnonsoBaHmem AJrn aToro cymecTBymmmx oaep /pmc.26/.
H8 marocTpaABHux xaHanex ofteg AAmHog 85 NM nocTpueHo TOM-
Heae2 m raAepeg HPOT1E8HHOCTBM 10,8 icy, axBeAyxoB, AmxepoB,
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?71 ?
wider utilization of water resources of the fly, Irtysh, Ural
and other rivers. Considerable areas under sugar beet,rice and
bast crops can be irrigated with the Ily R. waters. The Ural R.
water resources can be utilized for irrigation of vast areas in
Guryev and Western Kazakhstan Regions. The Ishym R. flow will
be used for flood irrigation, watering and agricultural supply-
ing in Central and Northern regions of the republic.
GEORGIAN SSR. Georgia may be divided by climatic and topo-
graphic conditions into two different parts: the western part
which has a coastal humid subtropical climate and mainly plain
relief, and the eastern part which has a continental climate
and a mountainous relief predominating in the major portion of
its territory. At present an irrigated area equals 231 thous.ha
21 per cent of which is under vegetables, potatoes, melons, in-
dustrial crops, orchards and vineyards; 39 per cent of the ir-
rigated area is under grain crops and the remainder is under
fodder or other crops and pastures.
The largest of the republic's Irrigation Projects,Samgori,
irrigates about 90 thous.ha. The 1-st stage of the project, the
Upper Samgori Irrigation System, whiob will irrigate 40.8 thous.
ha is nearing completion. These lands are located near the city
of Tbilisi, capital of the Georgian Republic (Fig.24,25).Three
hydropower stations have been constructed at the drops on the
Upper Samgori Main Canal.
The Upper Samgori Irrigation System is fed by the Yoti
River, the flow of which is regulated by two reservoirs: the
Sioni Reservoir on the Tori R., 325 mill.ou.m in storage capa-
city, and the Tbilisi Reservoir, 308 mill.ou.m in storage capa-
city; two existing lakes were used for the reservoir basins
(Fig.26).
10.8 km of tunnels and galleries, 5 km of aqueducts, in-
verted syphons, bridges and other structures are built on the
main canal 85 km in total length. 59 km of the canal is lined.
The total length of the principal distributing and branch
canals is 835 km, 500 km of them has concrete lining.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
No.26.1CougeBoti tdpoo i Tchumccsoe-soAoxpallummo.
? Pig.26. Tail Escape into the Tbilisi Reservoir.
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N 0 40 60 BOlun
Pmc.27. Cxema mppuraamommux KElliaBOB B Kypa?ApalicmHcxott HOWNIHOCTO.
Fig.27. Scheme of Irrigation Canals in Kura-Araks Lowland.
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?74?
MOCTOB 1Apyrax coopymom2 oiget 2IaHo2 5 HM. BunomoeHa o6am-
gonica xaHaaa Ha npoTageolia 59 xm. 064aa Anima OCHOBEW pacnpe-
MAHTemnoux rpyrinonux H8H3A0B - 835 xm, H3 HX noxpuTo 6e-
ToHHO oAczAori oxozo 500 xm.
B rpy3mmo2 CCP B rimpoTexiinecoom CTPOHTaALCTBa Bea INN)
ITHMaHHIOT c6opHue deToomue 0 cejzesoeornwe xoocTpyxgaii i e-
TWIN sanoAcaoro 03T0T0BA0HHH. Ha CTp00T8AW4111X naolgaAxax C0370-
HU nozarotiu, re aaroTanmanamTca Tpy6u, HAHTM, nomyTpy6u, BU-
nycKmiiApyrae amemeoTu coopymeox2.
3a roar coneTcxoR mania B rPY3MH ocymeHo IOI Tuc.ra &MOT',
B TOM nacae B ROCAOBOaHHO nepaoA - 80% ncex mexaopaponamix
semen. Haa6omee xpyimum odsexTom HBAMTCH ocymeHme KommAcHc2
013MOHHOCTH, 3aHamaime2 220 Tuc.ra. TeppoTopam HH3MeHHOOTH He-
peoexam pexa PaoHm, KoAopm, Morypw, Xo6a 0 p., nnaAammae B
qapHoe mope. BOALMOES HOAHROCTBO OCAAHOB Ao 2500 MM B roA,To-
moue UORBM 0 HAOCH02 penal), B YCAOBHHX =TOM CTOH BOAN 38-
AepunaeTcH Ha nonepxoocTu, HBEWHCB OCHOMMH npnaHama aa6o-
amanaHma Kommu. B HacToome npema ocymeHo 0 CAM B 3xca4Y-
8T81m1O 6oaee 80 Tuc.ra aememn. Ha ocymeooux aemmax coaAaou xo-
aaacTna, noaAeaunammme neHoue cy6Tponnecome xymnTypu.
Ho A3ep6a2Aaaocxo2 CCP. Hp apoAHue YCAOBHH B HH3MaHHWX
tpuropoux pariooax Aaep6a2Axaoa /6omee 4C% nce2 TeppuTopaa pee-,
ny6amica/ Tpe63rmT Aaa HOpMaABH0r0 pm:into cemncooro X03HACTBa
ocylliecTnaeoma mcxyccTneHHoro ?poi:lean sememn. Opomaemoe aemae-
;tuft B Asep6a2AoaHe ameeT mooronexonym wcTopam. HaoAopoAHue
1104BU H ANNTaABHMit nereT8iminiu2 nepuoA B YCNOBHHX opomaemoro
aemmeAemmo HO3BO3IHMT nupaulmnaTn geHoue Texonemie xyanTypu,
B TOM Timm vionaTomx. OAHaxo paHee nocTpoeoHue opocaTemnoue
CHCTaMM HaX0A03IMOB B TaHOM COCTOHHHO, RTO HO menamm aaAatiam
Pa3BMT01 ceancooro xosacTna B pecny6maxe.
BoAoaadop H3 pax ocymecTimanda-6ea 11.710THH C HOMOALM npitima-
TIOHO yeTpaanaemux aanpyA, Ha eoaroAHoe BOCCTaHOBA0H4a xoTopux
aaTpaumnamocn MHOPO CHA o cpeAcTn. Ha HCHAMRHTaABHO HH3HOM
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-75-
Prefabrioated concrete and reinforced concrete are find-
ing an ever greater scope of application in the hydraulic con-
struction of the Georgian SSR. Polygons are organised on the
construction sites for making pipes, plates, semisphere tubes,
outlets and other elements of structures.
? During the years of Soviet Power 101 thous.ha of marsh-
lands have been reclaimed in the Republic, of which 80 per
cent in the post-war period. The largest undertaking is the re?
clamation of the Kolkhida Depression, 220 thous.ha in tetal
area. The depression is crossed by the Mont, Kodori, Inguri,
Khobi and other rivers emptying into the Black Sea.Heavy rain-
fall (2500 mm per year), hard soils and plain relief due to
which runoff is retained on the surface were the main causes
of waterlogging and turning the depression into a swampy area.
Over 80 thous.ha of lands have been so far reclaimed and are
used for growing valuable subtropical crops.
AZERBAIDJAN SSR. Natural conditions in lowlands and foot-
hill areas of Aserbaidjan (over 40 per cent of the entire ter-
ritory of the republic) necessitate irrigation for normal de-
velopment of crops. Irrigated farming in Aserbaidjan has its
history. High soil fertility and lengthy vegetation period per-
mit cultivation of valuable industrial crops including cotton.
But old irrigation networks were however out of date and not
conform to the requirements of modern farming.
Diversion Of water from rivers was effected without dams,
by means of primitive dykes, whose annual repair consumed much
labour and money. Pump irrigation was at a low level.
Water oourses in summer carry too low, flow to allow for
adequate irrigation of crops, especially cotton. The situation
was still more aggrevated by the poor reclamation condition of
lands in the Kura-Araks Lowland, the major irrigated area of
the republic.
This was one of the causes of inadequate utilization of
cotton-growing possibilities in the republic. Even now cotton
occupies only 23 per cent of irrigated area. From the first
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_76_
ypoBlie Haxor,mnocB MaLJN1H0a opoweHme.
MaZOBOAHOCTL MTO4HHKOB opoueHmH B ZOTHHa mecHgu npmBoAmna
60HP84011410 HOAHBOB, B pesynBTaTe ger? ypoza#Hocm cenBcmoxo?
WACTBeHHEM iyixiyp, OcocleHHo'xJlonliaTHultaiduna ot1ew HO3E0M.
Kpaible HeTztoBAeTEopuTeaBlibim dbizo meznpartaHoe COCTOHHHe
B OCHOBHUM opouaemom pagolle Itypa?ApaucmHcicok Hil3MaHHOCTH.
YE:am:nue 015CTOHTCAECT2a 66/TAH OAH02 613 lipmgmH HaHOAHOPO mc7
nonBsoBaHmn npmpoAHux BosmoxHocTek AsepOa#AaaHa no HP0143B0ACTBy
knonma, nocen xoToporo Aaxe Ha coBpemeHHCA nnomaAm opomeHmn
COCTaBAHEIT TOALKO MAO 23%.
C nepBux AHe2 yeTalioBnew CoBeTcico# BnacTm B A3ep6a2AzaHe
nPaBOTEGILCTBO yAeznoT VICHAVAIMILHO OonBmoe BlinaHHa BoAHomy
xosnitcTBy pecnyOnumm.
B nocneBoema nepnoA B Asepda#AnaHcmok CCP ocymecTBnHeTcH
itpynHoe mppmragmoHHoe CTPOZTORICTBO. tJWJ4t oftem p360T sa yisa-
38HH0e Bpemn npeBucmx B 7 pas oftem, BUTIOJIMMHNIA aa BecB npeA?
BoeHHO nepmoA. C 1949 r. no 1957 r. nnoukaa HOZZTEM 3eme3iB
ylemmulacB Hp 3570. BanoBoR coop xnonita 3a nocneAHme rom.no?
BNCHACH RO CPaBHOHHD O 1940 roAom B ABa pasa.
Ocodemp donmze padoTu HO opomeHmm pasBepgynmcB B Hypa?
ApalccoHcmo# HM3MeHHOCTH Ha dase nocTpoeHHoro B 1955 roAy MV1H?
reqaypcxoro BoAoxpaHmAmma Ha p.Hype ipmc.274.
3etinsinaa 11.710193H8 BLiCOTO1 .35 M Ammoid 15U0 M odecneqzza
B0311021HOCTI? Co 33H1 BoAoxpaHlumma nnomaABo sepIcana ?Icon?
600 Itm2 npm mmpuHe OHM? 15 NM 11 maucamanBHog AMC 70 KU. 06?
log emmucTB BoAoxpaHmamma 16 mnp7.m3 HO3BOA2IaT BeCTI4 mnorozeT?
Hee peryzmpoBaHme CTOKa p.Hypu, cpeAHeroAoBo# o6Tem uoToporo
paseu 12 mxpA.O.
OT MitHregaypcitoro rmApoyzaa depyT Hatlano ABB npynHux ma?
rmeTpaaBHux maHana: neBo6epelou2 ? cTposimokcH Bepxne?TmpBaH?
clad c sadopom BO AN B H0HIN8CTBa 78 m3/cem Ann opoueHma 127
Tuc.ra m nocTpoeHnu# npaBodepexHug ? BepxHe?Kapadaxcicak c aa?
Oopom BoAu 113. m3/celt Ann opomeHmH TT
--2 Tuc.ra B 30B0 ero
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? 77 ?
days after the establishment of Soviet Power in Azerbaidjan
the Government have been giving a great attention to water
utilization in the republic.
Large?scale irrigation construction was launched in Azer?
baidjan in the post?war period. The total volume of work for
that period exceeded sevenfold the pre?war figure. In 1949-
1957 period the actually irrigated area increased by 35 per
cent. Cross production of ootton during last years increased
twofold as compared with 1940.
Irrigation construction on a particularly large scale was
launched in the Kura?Araks Lowland after completing the Minghe-
chaur Reservoir on the Kura R. in 1955 (Fig.. 27).
Earth dam 85 m high and 1500 m long impounded the reser?
voir whose surface area is about 600 sq.km, width ? approximate?
ly 15 km and maximum length ? 70 km. The reservoir, 16 bill.ou.
in in total storage capacity, allows perennial regulation of
the Kura R. flow, mean annual volume of it being equal to 12
bill. ou.m.
Two large main canals take off from the Minghechaur Dam.
The left?bank Upper Shirvan canal now under construction is de-
signed for diversion of 78 cu.m per sec. of water to irrigate
127 thous.ha. The right?bank Upper Karabakh Canal already com-
pleted diverts 113 ou.m per sec. to irrigate 112 thous.ha; 45
ou.m per sec. diverted by the canal is directed into the Araks
R. during low water period in summer. These canals embrace the
major area of the Kura?Araks Lowland (Fig.28). The total length
of both canals is approximately 300 km. Volume of earthwork in-
volved by their construction is 18.5 mill.ou.m, and volume of
concrete and reinforced concrete is 125 thous.cu.m.
Bagram?Tapa Project has been completed on the Araks R. to
Irrigate 121 thous.ha in the Mughan Steppe and 28 .thous. ha in
the Milsky Steppe (Fig. 29).
Irrigation development in the Kura?Araks Lowland is ac?
companied with construction of the drainage?collector network.
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78
ftc.28. Brixouott oroaoBox Bepxxe?Kapadarmoro Hamm.
Fig.28. Upper Karabakh,Canal at the Outlet.
EarpamTanmacxaa =TRIM Ha p.Apaxc.
Fig.29. Bagram,Tapa Dam on the Araks River.
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Pmc.30. IblaBrian H8COCH8I cTammilia p.KyPee
Fig.30. Floating Pumping Station on the Kura
River.
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? 80 ?
maHAosam 0 HOA1KTUB8H0R p.Apaxe B A8THI42, m8zosom2 neP00A
noAaRell nom Ao 45.0/ce1. 1ER38HHIIIR xaHanu OXBEITMB8MT OCHOB-'
HO2 moss Kypa-Apaxmcsolt H143M8HHOCT0 /plic.28/. OdigaR AAHH8
0(50HX K8H8A0B OKOAO 300 KM. 06MOM 88MARHUX pao HO HOU COCT8B--
AReT 18,5 mAH.m3, 6eToHHux 0 zenesodeToHHux - 125 ?woe.
Ha p.Apaxe nocTpoeH Earpam-Tanmx0 rupoysen AAR opomem
121 Tuc.ra Myramxott CT81114 o 28 Ttic.ra MH2IBCK014 cTen0 /p0c.29/.
H8 88MARX Kypa-Apascmxog WI3M8HHOOT0, HapRAy CO OTPOOTOILB..
CTBOM OPOCHT8ABROg CeTu, OCYMBCTBARMTCR P860TV no coopysem
xonnexTopHo-ApeHasHoll COTH AAR meamopag00 MX semen. flocTpo-
0 ye 3sennyaT0py1OTcH xpynHue ApeHasHme comemu ofte2
npo-
THH0CT Apes 0 KOARINCTOPOB CBUM8 3 TMC.KM.
KopeHHoR pesolicTpyxgsm H AaraHeluemy umposouy 'Jammu nor
Beprnocr, opomeHme c examecum soAonoAmemom B Kypa-Apaxm-
CH02 HH8M8HHOCT14. CO3AMHH811 B A38P68208H8 RoHeTpyxwaR Emmy-
nsx H8COCHNX cTammil H811128 mopoxoe npoueHeHRe B opomaemmx pal-
oHax Apyrsx COMMIX pecnydamx o aa pydescom /pmc.30/.
KpynHum rmApoTexHmecimm coopysaHsem B pecny6nExe RBARRTCR
CamYP-AsHirmcxmil xaHan. HETB8R oRepeAB are AAsHoft 109 ma auta
nocTpoeHa meToAom HapoAHux cTpoes nepeA Benmok CTenecTseHHog
BoHo! ii opowem 40 Tuc.ra semen') Hpmxacns2cAog HO3MAHHOOTH.
CTpOVIT8ABCTBO BTOPOR 0118P8A11, 881C8H111688M08 B H8CTOR488 speuR,
sxnumeT rmApoyaen Ha p.Camype, npoAonsesme xaHana Ha 87 KM Ao
soAoxpasmAmuta Ase2p8H-Ber8H emxocTIA) 131 maH.ma, cieroHmponan-
Hutt AnwepoHcx02 MUNCTPBABHUA Rum Anna 73 KM C pecueTHum
pacxoAom B roxose 9 0/cex H 38KIMITyl opoc0TeALsym CTL HEI =-
AUK 15 Tuc.ra, HameRaemyto AnH opowem aemenra H8 AnmepoHcRom
noAyocTpone npm nompg0 AosAenambHux yaaHonox / pmc.31 /.
AAR 06B0AMIHR coopysaeTcH.iiseRpaRgenBcxas odsoAHN-
TenHan cmcTema C 38KpuTo2 ceTix 03 Tpy(5, K0TOP81 ITO3BOAHT
yAyummTB cHafteHme BOJO omeHoAmecxmx X03RHOTB 38H8AHWX p820-
HOB pecnyOnmxm H8 nzolims 220 Tuc.ra. Cetinac npoxnaAusaeTcH
MerHOTP8ABH14 Tpy6onpoBoA, no xoTopomy nollAyT soAu 03 p.Hopm.
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? 81?
Tae total length of drains and collectors already completed
and put into operation exceeds 3 thous.km.
Lift irrigation facilities in the Kura-Araks Lpwland have
been radically reconst7moted and further developed. The design
of floating prmping stations made in Azerbaidjan has found a
broad application in other Union Republics and abroad (Fig.30).
Samur-Divichin Canal is ons of the largest hydraulic pro-
jects in the republic. Before World War II the 1-st stage of
the canal 109 km in length for irrigation of 40 thous.ha in the
Pre-Caspian Depression was constructed with the mass participa-
tion of the population. The 2-nd stage which is now nearing
completion includes a dam on the Samur R., the extension of
the canal by 87 km up to the Jeiran-Baton Reservoir 131 mill.
211.M in capacity, the Apsheron main concrete-lined canal 73 km
in length with the designed discharge in the head of 9 ou.m per
sec. and irrigation network of pipe canals on the area of 15
thous.ha designed for sprinkler irrigation on lands of the Ap-
sheron Peninsula (Fig. 31).
A special watering Jeiran-Chell System to improve water
supply of pastures 220 thous.ha in total area in the western
districts of the Republic is now under construction. The water
will be zonveyed by pipes. The main pipeline which will divert
water from the Yori River is being laid now.
MOLDAVIAN 3SR. Irrigation networks were completely des-
troyed in the Moldavian SSR during World War II. By 1949 the
irrigation networks both restored and newly constructed cover-
ed 14.4 thous.ha, and during the last decade the area has in-
creased more than twofold. Irrigated lands are mainly under
vegetables, melons and potatoes (54 per cent) and under or-
chards, berry plantations and vineyards (31 per cent). Agri-
culture specializes in the main in orchard crops and grape-
-growing (Fig.31). Irrigation water is mainly obtained ')3,' pump-
ing from rivers. Local flow is also utilized through its im-
pounding by small reservoirs whose construction is a costly
proposition.
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? 82 ?
K 1965 roAy npeAycmaTpmBaeTcH ocynecTilmTB ?padoTm HO Aonon-
HmTenbHomy odBoAHenum mime 1,5 man.ra nacTdmignix 3emenB.
11212AANSE2U212. Bo Bpemn 0TemecTBennog Balm opocimenL-
nue cmcTembi B MOZA8BCH02 CCP dmnm HOAHOCTLD paspymeHu. IC 1949
roAy OpOCHT63LIH8H Oen B pecnydame c yg8TOM BOUT8HOBVITO3IL-
HUX pao i OB0r0 CTPOHT8ABCTB8 AocTruna 14,4 TNC.1"8, 8 38
nocneAnee AecnTmneTme OH8 yBenmqmnacia donee qem B ABa pasa.Ho-
ammo mom 38HHTM B OCHOBHOM HOZ oBone-dammimm KyaLTypamm
KapT4enem /54%/ m no C8A8MH, HroAnmicamm H BEHorpaAnncamm
/3F/0/.
Bannetiummm oTpacanum cenIclioro xoanbicTBa MonAaBcRoia CCP HB-?
AHMTCH COZOBOACTBO H BmHorpaAapcTBo, RoTopue pacnpocTpaHeni B
pecnydniae nomemecTno. OpomeHme B pecnydnme ocyinecmuneTcH B
OCHOBHOM npm nomonw mammHnoro BoAonoAsema H3 pe H IlacTmlmo 38
C118T HCHOZIjOB8HHH mecTHoro cToKa nyTem CTp0HITZTICTB8 menKmx
BoAoxpanmxmin, KoTopoe B cmny npmpoAnux ye3ioni2 HBZWTCH AOPO-
rocTonum meponpummem.
OCHOIMUMH opocmTenbHumm cocTemamm HBZHMTCH BOCCT8HOBZ8HH81
paciiimpennaa H 1949 roAy Kaparammum /minus opomeHmn 5,8'
TNC.F8/, M8Z0B8TCH851 H KameHcKan /11201g8AB OpOW8HK11 donee I THC.
ra/. 3aBepmamTcH padon no cTpomTenbcny OpOCHT8ZLHO1 COTH B
H143OBBHX P.AH8CTP8 H8 LIZOIJOAH OHOZO 5 Tuc.ra.
HamegeHo opocub sebum B npaBodepeniux HN8BH5iX noMmu p.Ane-
ma Ha nnonaAm I2,5Tuc.ra; H8 BMX 6,2 Tuc.ra npeAyomaTmaeTcH
HCHOZL30B8TB HOA C8AN 0 BHHOrp8AHRIC0 H 4,5 THC.F8 no ()Bonnie
xyznypu.
Ho KmprmacKog CCP. Kmprmscican CCP npeAcTaBlneT co6o2 THUM-
gym ropy o bTpaHy, mime 90% TeppmTopmm KoTopoti sanmmamT BNCO-
KoropHile npocTpancTBa 4eHTpa3IBnoro TEHL-MaHH H llammpo-Anan.
Tem He menee no pa3mepy opomaemmx 3eme3IL KmprmsmH 38HRM88T geT-
BepToe mecTo cpeAm Apyrmx commix pecnydnim. 11mm-we nnomaAm
COCT8BZHMT OHOZO 90% H8XOTHUX 3eme3IL pecnydzmum.
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? 83 ?
Main irrigation projects of the republic are the Karagash
Project reconstructed and expanded by 1949 and irrigating 5.8
thous.ha; Malovat and Kamensky Projects which irrigate 1 thous.
ha. Irrigation network approximately 5 thous.ha in area in the
lower reaches of the Dniester R. is nearing completion. In the
lowes portions of the flood plain of the Dniester River 12.5
thous.ha are proposed for irrigation, 8.2 thous.ha of them to
be under orchards and vineyards, and 4.5 thous.ha - under vege-
tables.
KIRGHIZ SSR. The republic is a typical mountainous country.
Over 90 per cent of its territory are the mountains of the Cen-
tral Tien-Shan and Pamiro-Alai. But still Kirghizia ranks fourth
among other Union republics by the size of its irrigated area.
90 per cent of the plowland is irrigated. 65 per cent of all
agricultural crops and over 93 per cent of industrial crops
(cotton, sugar beet, hemp, ambary hemp, poppy and others), or-
chards, vegetables and vineyards are grown on irrigated lands.
Rivers of the republic provide irrigation water for fertile
but arid lands in Fergana, Chu and Talas Valley.
Farming in the Chu Valley, the most important agricultural
area of the republic can thrive only on irrigation (Fig. 32,3)).
Up to 30 per cent of irrigated lands in the republic are con-
centrated in this valley where the whole range of such crops as
sugar beet, bast and essential crops formerly not cultivated in
Kirghizia is now grown. Chu Valley has the largest irrigated
area under sugar beet in the USSR. The production of sugar beet
exceeds here 400 centners per ha.
As a result of reconstruction of old irrigation system and
construction of new system and hydraulic projects the irrigated
area for the last three decades increased more than twofold and
reached 230 thous.ha in 1953. As for the last decade the irrigat-
ed areas in the Kirghiz SSR increased by almost 180 thous.ha.
The largest irrigation system of the republic is the Great
Chu Canal with the Orto-Tokoy reservoir which irrigates 70 thous,
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Pmc.3I. AnmeponniR marimpanmug K8H8A.
Fig.31, Apsheron Main Canal.
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? 85 ?
NIC.32.11yMUMMH HEOTHH8 88 C Bepxxero dLea.
Fig.32. Chumysh Dam on the Chu River. Upstream View.
Pme.33. IpHIMCK8H HAOTHH8 H8 C Hymen dulm.
Fig.33. Chumysh Dam on the Chu River. Downstream View.
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? 86 ?
AO 65% BCeX ceaLcHoxoaacTBeHHux ityALTyp w CBUMe 9370 TeXHO-
necHmx AXODM8THHH, caxapHaR CBeHAet MEH85I HOHOHAH, Icerfacl,onm2-
su2 max m AP./, 8 Ter= C8AU, oropoo BHHOrPeAHMHZ BoaAemrBa-
MTCH.Ha opomaemux aem.m.
PexM limprmamm odecnenzBamT opomeHme nzoAopoAHux sacymngBux
aemem, B OepraHcHo2, tly2cmil m TanaccHog Aommax.
OHM ma BazHe2mgx celacHoxoaacTBeHHux pegOHOB pecnynumm
HBAHeTCH tly2cicaff AOAHHel.B HoTopo2 ycTo2nmBoe aemmAezme B03-
MOEHO TOALHO npm GICH3TCCTBeHHOM OPOMeHMH aemeAL /pmc.32,33/.
371eoli cocpeAoToneHo Ao BOP opomaemux semen', pecny6Ammi, He HO-
Topux paamemeHu Bce noceBN caxapHo2 cBeumu, 3Iy6RHux m appo-
.macsimux ity.laTyp? HoTopue paimme He BO3Ae3IUBeANCL:B Kmprmam.
Ho paamepam noceBoB caxapHo2 ?Belau Ha opomaemux semanx
?Hall Aomma 38H1MeeT nepBoe mecTo B CCCP. Ypozam 3To2 Hylacypu
npeBumamT socL 400 g c I ra.
B TIOCHOg AOAHHe B peaymaTe nepempokTBa Ben mapux
ropHux CHCTeM, cTpomTeaLcTBa HOBNX CHCTeM H rmApoTexHmmecux
coopyReHm2 momaAL opomaemux aemem, sa Tpm noczeAHmx AecHTm-
xem Boapocna ozee nom B ABa paaa, AocTmrHyB B 1953 'TAY
230 Tuc.ra. B genom no Kmprm3cHo2 CCP sa nocaeAHee APcHmeTme
nnomaAL opomaemux semen') yBezmnanacB nonTm Ha 180 Tucaa.
Gang HpynHo2 opocuenBno2 clicTemo2 B pecny6AnHe HBEHeTCH
Bommo2 tly2cHm2 Hum c OpTo-ToHokcHmm BoAoxpaHmammem, HoTopue
o6ecnenxBamT opomeHme HOBUX aemeAL B qyAms2 Aomme He nAoMaAm
70 Tuc.ra B KZpriel3CHOg CCP 14 I0 Tuo.ra B H83eXC1cOH CCP.
0pTo-Tolco2me BoAoxpaHmAmme pacnonozeHo B BepxoBLe p.qy
odsemom Boar 470 MAH.M3 Z 0083vBeHO 3eMAHHOg HAOTHHOM BUCOTOR
54 m, BUHOAHeHHOg Z3 HpynHoodnomomEmm rPyHToB. B COCTO rmApo-
TexHmnecitoro yana BxoAkT C npaBo2 CTO90151 HAOTHH8, B ee CHM,-
HOM 6epery, BOAOBNIWCHHOg TOHHeAS AAHHOg 600 m, peconmTaHHuk
Ha pacxoA 135 113/ceit m c aeBoft cTopoHu icaTacTpoOlnecH02 BoAo-
c6poc He pacxoA 200 m3/ceic.
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? 87 ?
ha of new lands in the Chu Valley and 10 thous. ha in the Ka-
zakh SSR.
The reservoir 470 mill.cu.m in storage capacity is locat-
ed in the upper reaches of the Chu River. It is impounded by a
dam 54 m high, constructed of coarse material. The project also
includes an outlet tunnel 600 m in length with designed dis-
charge of 135 cu.m per sec. constructed in the rocky slope on
the right bank, and an emergency escape for 200 cuss' per sec.on
the left bank.
Water accumulated during winter and summer months is con-
veyed from the reservoir into Chu Valley through the natural
channel of the Chu River. Water is conveyed to irrigated areas
through the Great Chu Canal 300 km long. The canal will consist
of the eastern and the western branches, each with separate
di-
version from the Chu River.
The design of the dams is based On the principle of Cur-
rent lamination of water and its vertical circulation whereby
the upper clear layers of water enter the intake chambers,while
the lower silt-laden layers of water enter the bottom
lets to be sluiced downstream into the river channel.
draulic structures and 78 canals are planned on both
for distribution of water among users.
The western branch of the canal has already been
ed, and the construction of the Orto-Tokoy Reservoir
storage is already used and the eastern branch of the
nearing completion.
flush in-
170 hy-
branches
completa
whose
canal are
TADJIK SSR. The Tadjik SSR is the republic of highest
mountains in the Soviet Union. More than half of its territory
is elevated over 3000 m above sea level. Agriculture specializ-
es in field husbandry. Irrigated farming is mainly concentrated
In river valleys and dry farming in mountains.
Tadjikistan is one of the principal areas of fine-cotton
production in the Soviet Union. The republic ranks first in
the USSR by cotton yields and second by its gross output,after
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?88 ?
HaHOHAOHBaH B BoAoxpaHaname B auntie BeCaHHHe mecH4E1 BO -
As TpaHcnopTapyeTcH B gyttCHP nomy no ecTecTBeHHomy pyany
PAY. K opowaemum. MaCCHBall BOAa noAaeTcH no BoxLmomy gyttcaomy
xaHaay ofteg nanHo2 300 HM, aanpoexTopoBaHHomy BBU.e nByx Be -
TOX: BooTotflIo g aananHott C camocToHTenBauma BoAoaadoppma
pAy.
KolicTpyxnaH STU BonoaadopHux !MOTU OCHOBaHa Ha npaggane
nocaoitHoro AelleHaH o nonepetmoM gapxymnam noToxa, odecnenaBa-
EWBx HanpaBneHae tepxHax OCBeTIlaHHNK CAM Bong B BononpmemHue
xamepu,- 8 MOH:XI HaCURaHHHICHEIHOCaMH, H ACHIM npomuimum OT-
Beppnam Cnoczenymmam c6pocom OX B HOXHO 6B60 pelmoro pycza
Ho odeam BATBHU HametieHo nocTpoaTI 170 rupoTexH0iec1cax:CoOgy7
zeHat a 78 xaHaBoB,pacnpenemomax Bony mow BononoxidoBaTem -
MO. ,
B HacTommee BOWIH CTOCHTWILCTBO H8m6o31ee -montnottaanaMmit
BeTBH ETC a8HOHIMHO.CTPORTWI1,CTBO OpTo -Tozolicmoro Bonoxpamax -
ma, B xoTopom HamanzaBaeman BoAa yze BODOnbayaTCH, Ha ()pommy*,
o BOCTOIIHOg BeTBH BK H8X0A0TCH B vrawint aaBepaeHms.
Ho TaAzamcmoil CCP. Tanzamextui CCP - oxia ma Hat6o1ee taco- .
xoropHux pecnyanax CoBeTcmoro Comaa., BonBaaa HOIOBHHa ea
maAm HMOANTCH Ha BHCOTe OBH1118 3000 m Han ypoBHem
met oTpacnigo cenBcxoro X03H1OTB8 pecnydaamm HBARaTCH 1103tatolt-
CTBO. nOZHBH09 aemaenexme TanzaxacTaHa cocpeAoToneHo npeamy-
MeCTBeHHO B noakHax pelt, 8 nenonaBHoe - B ropax.
TaAEHICHCTSE HBXHaTCH OAHOM Ha OCHOBHHX &la CoBeTcmoraCOM3a
no npozaBoncTBy TOHKOBOAOHHHCTUX copToB xxonxa. Pecnydamma pa-
naMEMT nepBoe 1180TO B CCCP no ypozatHooTa XAOHtlaTHHK8 0 BTOP08
mecTo maze Y86excxoft CCP no BanoBomy o6opy moms. Tune ye -
.nexm TaAzaxacTaHa B pammTam OTWOCTBeHHOPO xaonmoBoAcTBa 0BR-
881W C HenpepuBlio pacmapamzmmca Bonnum xoacitciBom pecny6axxx.
Beam Ao peBonimma Ha TeppaTopam manumit TaAmaxcaot CCP xnon-
qaTHMKOM duns? 38H11T0 He donee 7 Tuc.ra, TO B HacTosinieP BPeut
B pecnydaame xnonxom aaceBaeTaH (mono 170 Twc.ra HOJIBBHNX ae-
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?89?
the Uzbek SSR. Successes in the field of cotton growing may be
largely attributed to the concern by the State for water de-
velopment. The total cotton area of above 7 thous.ha prior to
the October Revolution has risen to about 170 thous.ha or half
of the total irrigated area in the Republic.
The Vakhsh River is the main source of irrigation in the
republic. The climatic conditions in the valley Are extremely
favourable for growing fine cotton. Construction of the Vakhsh
Project began in 1932. Its purpose was to provide a stable ir-
rigation of over 110 thous.ha. It was the 1-st irrigation pro-
ject of such magnitude undertaken in the USSR at that time(Fig.
34).
The total cropped area in the Vakhsh Valley in 1926 was
about 4.8 thous.ha, 1.3 thous.ha of them being under cotton.In
1940, after the completion of the 1-8t stage of the project the
area increased to 60 thous.ha, of which fine cotton occupied
about 27 thous.ha. In 1956 cotton occupied 42 thous.ha out of
the total cropped area.
Reclamation of land in the Vakhsh Valley is still con-
tinued.
In 1939-1940 the Great Fergana and Ghissar Canals were
completed with the mass participation of the population. The
canals not only increased the water supply of existing irriga-
tion systems but allowed to increase the total irrigated area
In the Tadjik and Uzbek SSR.
In the post-war period large-soale technical reconstruc-
tion of existing irrigation systems took place in the Republic.
The reconstruction not only improved the water supply of the
systems but allowed also to increase irrigated area by 50 thous.
ha for the last decade.
All possibilities of gravity irrigation in Tadjikistan
have been already exhausted. Further irrigation development may
be possible only through pump irrigation.
Some irrigable areas in the zone of Golovnaya (Head)Hydro-
power Plant require lifting of water to the height of 200 in and
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,Pmc.34. roam:aloe coopyReHne Baxuicicoro marmmpaas?
Horo saHasa.
Reasiworks of the Valchsh Main Cane.l.
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3.5 0 _ 3.5 7.0 10.5 im
LEN1NABA
Kairam-Kum
Reservoir
P.S.
aryz:/):1
U Li p
A
f,
e
o
Itft
He3dwoPics ,
z P.^ S.2vs
? $
LEGEND:
Existing pumping stations
Pumping stations under
consEruction
? txisting canals
--Canals under construction
f221,,Pump irrigation zone
Pnc.35. exema 118111BNOr0 opomentsi B HZ3OBBFIX p.Xoxice?EatuvraH,TevoutoKaa CCP.
Fig.35. Pump Irrigation Scheme in the Lower Khodja?Bakirgan Itiwer,Tadjik SSR.
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?92 ?
mil,. UMBERS moms nonmTux 3emens 33HRT8 nocesamo nog
xylisTypu.
OCHOBH02 HCTOgHHIC opomenin B pecnydnmx e-p.Baxm. Aoma
,P.BaxU B RAMOTMCCHOU OTHOiliCHHH HBAHOTCH OAHHM 13 COMM 6J18
ronpmHTHux pakoHos ConeTcxoro COMO no BNP8AHB8H4H0 TOHHOBOXOR
HacTore xmonuaTma, gennoro cupsn Ann -TCHCTHJIIHOR npomumneff-
HOCTII. HauaTue B 1932 roAy padoTu no.cTpmensamy Baxacxok
epociaensHoti cncTemu dun nepsumm xpynnumm opporagmonHumn pa-
OOTOMH B CCCP, mmesmilmm gems CO3A8TB B nepcnexTHse ycToitumsoe
soAononssosaHne na nnomagg donee 110 Tuc.ra /pHc.84/.
HOCOBH8R nnoElaAs B Beximoit mane s 1926 roAy cocTasnua
OEM 4,8 Tuc.ra, H3 HOX TWA X80Htl8THNHOM I,3.Tuc.ra. Hone
oxemaHHH padoT nepsoll euepeAm - si 1940 roAy - 3Aecs pre sae-
BUM) 60 Tuc.ra, H3 HOX OHOZO 27 Tuc.ra TOHHOBOAOHHHOTNM x3Ion-
118THAROM. B 1956 roAy ma 72 Tuc.ra HOMMEL 'looms noA xxon-
uaTHmHom 2IO 38011T0 42 TNC ra
()mem HOBUX aemens B Baxmcxot Amine npoAoaxaeTca H B
HacToHmee spemH.
B 1939-1940 roma meToAom HapoAHux cTpoex CHEM 1100TPOOHN E8
Teppnom TaAziageTena Bonsmok OepraHcxmil roccapcxma H8H8811,
UTOPIA WRAY czmitsmAagaet MUOBOALH B cymecTsymamx opocH-
cncTemaxs OePr8Hcxo2 raccapcxott Aemax odecneumm
npmpocTu HOBNX opemIteMux aeiens s TaAmmxcxon CCP m Ysdexcxe2
CCP._.
B nocxeseennUknepift BUTIOMHOHN &nine padotu no Textmec-
Hog peicoiimppatotOttpTBytogast epoch-0MT cloTem, ?Hanpasneff-
Hue HfOsemmetHe HT soAoodecneueHnocTm, tITO HO3BOAHX0 sa no-
=wee Anemone ymenwunTs =maw, nexamx emu's Ha 50
Tuc.ra.
? B T8ABBEHCT8H8 H.H8CTOHAOMY BPWABHM WITH HOZHOCTBIO OPOINHN
? BC@ TO seunH, ROTOPHO MOM 110110B8TI camoTexom, 1703TOMY B nep-
cnexTmse TpedyeTcH TIMBHB&TB opomeHne c aomomsu 88111HHHOr0 noAs-
ema soAm.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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?93 ?
In the zone of Kairak-Kum Hydropower Plant to the height of 300
-350 m (Asht tract).
The lift of water from the Kairak-Kum Project to the
height of 160 in for irrigating 9 thout.ha of new lands in Sam-
gar area and about 35 thous.ha in Khodja-Bakirgan and Ak-Su
Rivers basins (Fig.35) has already been effected.Floating pump-
ing stations located near the Kairak-Kum Reservoir are used on
these irrigation projects (Fig.36, 37, )7a).
The 2-nd stage of irrigation construction will irrigate 21
thous.ha of new lands of which 17 thous.ha to be irrigated by
pumps with max. 90 in lift is in progress in the Vakhsh Valley.
In the nearest future area of pumping irrigation is to be
about 60 thous.ha with required installed capacity of pumping
.stations over 72 thous.kw.
ARMENIAN SSR. Armenia is a typical mountainous country,
elevated from 400 to 4095 in above sea level; it is heavily in-
tersected with mountain ranges and canyons.
Land is cultivated in valleys and mountain slopes up to
2400 in level. Some lands requiring irrigation are elevated 2200
m above sea level.
In 1957 the total area of lands with irrigation networks
was 213 thous.ha or two times as large as in 1913; 183 thous.ha
of it was actually irrigated.
Over 31 per cent of the present irrigated area in the re-
public is under grain crops, 39 per cent under industrial crops
potatoes, vegetables, orchards, vineyards and other perennial
plantings. The remainder is under forage and other crops. Hy-
draulic projects in the Republic are usually doublepurposelwith
construction of hydropower plants at drops on irrigation canals.
At some places these canals are combined with derivation canals
of the hydropower plants.
Sevan?Razdan irrigation and Power Scheme is the largest one
In the republic. Irr:l.gation canals divert from, the derivation
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
P140.36. Ratipax-Kracicag 11210TMHM M rmApouelapooTamm? 06110 BMA.
Fig.36. Kairak-Kum Dam and Hydropower Plant. General Vie*.
?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Pn.37. 11.118133N8R 118COCH8a CT8HLINff. CaltrepOIC8f1 .opoczTausllan czeTemil.
Fig.37. Floating Pumping Station. Samgar Irrigation System.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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?96?
Hmemmmeca npoexTHue npopadom no aTomy Bonpocy maaaBam-
BUT HeodxoAmmocTs noAmma BONN H8 oTAeAsHue ymacum, nPmr0A-
Hue Am opoweHms, pacnozomeHHue B pa2oHe rozomott r3C Ao 200m
OT VICTOMHHROB opomem m B paRoHe Kapam-Kymcmoti rac - Ao 300-
-350 M /AMTCHMg macco/.
HpamTmma ocygecumemoro B HacToHmee BPOMH BOA0X08HgCTBeHHO-
ro CTp01TeABCTB8 B ceBepHol R8CTil pecnyanum AAR mppmraamm se-
men') Ha dau BoAHo-wiepremmmecum pecypcoB HaRpax-Kymcmoro rNA-
poyana HOR83NB8eT 31COHOMMeCUM aeAecoodpaaHocTs mammoro BO-
AonoAlema Ha BNCOTy AO 160 m opraHm3agmm opomeHms 9 Tuc.ra
HOBNX semen Camrapcmoro M8OCHB8 H? OHO= 35 Tuc.ra semen, B
daccetiHax pex XoAma-Eammprau g Ax-Cy /pgc.95/. Ha ymmainiux
opoommenBnux cmcmemax npmmeHeHu name HacocHue cmamgmm, pac.
nonomeme B paRoHe KaRpam-Itymcmoro BoAompaHmamaa /P00.369 37,
37a/ .
B Aomme p.Baxrd OCyMeCTBAHeTCH gppmragmoHHoe CTPOHTe3IECTB0
BTopoR omepeAm, odecnemmBammee BBoA B AeRcTBme 21 Tuc.ra ae-
men HoBoro opomeHmH, B TOM tINNe 0E03I0 17 Tuc.ra npm nomou
mammoro BoAonoAmema C m8momm8nsno2 BucomoR noAsema Ao 90 M.
augurs mammHHoro opomeHmH 3emenB'B mxmoR q8CTH TaAmmxcmoR
CCP B &mamma rum COCTUNT ORONO 60 TWO. ra C CTHOB3IH-
EO H8COCHNX CT3HHPIg dollee 72 TNC.RBT.
lialai_inHcmoR CCP. ApmeHmH - ropHan cmpaHa, pacnomomeHHas
H3 BNCOTe OT 400 Ao 4095 m HaA ypoBHem mops, CHMBHO nepeceneHa
ropHumm xpe6Tamm m yuleARamm.
3emzeAezme B pecnynimme BOTCH B Aummax m Ha =OHM rop
C 86CO3I1OTHEIMH OTMeTR8MH AO 2400 H. 3emJim, Tpedymmme ppomeHmH,
B OTAeMBHNX paRoHax nexaT H8 BNCOTe 2200 M OT ypOBHH MOPH.
B 1957 roAy odium nnolAaAB aemeaB, mmemaH opocmTeABHyto cam,
=Tuna 213 Tacoa, ma moTopux Osno 1103HTO (Some 183 Tuc,ra,
Nag HinTE B AAR p838 domBle HO CpCBHOHNIe 0 1913 room.
B HacTomee Bpemil B pecny6amme &plea 31% opomaemux 3emess.
SUMO WHOBUMN, 39% - TOXHHEIOCKHMH myriaTypamm, mapToyAem,
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?97?
canal of the hydropower flight, irrigating the total area of
100 thous.ha. The biggest irrigation systems included in the
above-mentioned scheme are represented by completed Lower
Razdan and Stalin Canals commanding 32 thous.ha (Fig. 38, 39),
Kotaiksky Irrigation System for irrigating 7.5 thous.ha of
new lands and improving water supply of Erevan (Fig. 40, 41)
and the 1-st stage of Arzni-Shamiramsky Irrigation System now
under construction which will irrigate 13 thous.ha of new
lands.
One of the important sources of irrigation in Armenia is
the Akhurian River. In 1922-1925 there was constructed here
the first large-scale irrigation project Of the republic,the
Shiraksky Irrigation Canal, irrigating 11 thous.ha on the
left bank of the river. Designing and investigations aimed at
regulation of the Akhurian R. flow were carried out in 1944-
-1945 period. The largest in the republic highland Arpalioh
Reservoir 100 mill.ou.m in storage capacity was constructed
at the river head in 1949. The construction of the Talin Ca-
nal, one of the largest irrigation schemes in the Republic,
is in progress. The canal diverting from Akhurian R. will
ir-
rigate in the 1-st stage 12 thous.ha in the Talin and Oktem-
beryan Districts.
Almost all new canals cut during the last years run in
highly permeable soils and have everywhere to be lined with
concrete or masonry. Large volume of blasting operations are
involved in construction of irrigation system.
TURKMENIAN SSR. The Republic stands out among others in
the Central Asia for the abundance of sunlight and heat. Up:
to 90 per cent of its territory are mostly sand deserts. The
main problem in the Republic is getting enough water which
is generally scarce.
All crops and plantings are located in the basins of
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Poo.878.Ha8nges HaeOCHan =milk Ha opomeamlot ?Home Xoxica?Baxmprati.
Fig.37a. Floating Pumping Station. Khodja,Bakirgan Irrigation System.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29 CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
rOXOBH08 coopponme Kamm n.CTw9iRa H8 p.Pasmoi.
Fig.) 8. The Stalin Canal Headworks on the Razdan River.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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?Boman, mum, ammorpaAmmxamm m Apyromm MH0r03I8THUR Haoas-
Aanmamo. OCTWILH8R naomaAs sacesHa sopuoaumm R HpOlIRMR xyAsTy-
pan. B npasTHxe opomeHHa Apmancso2 CCP HECCOART somnaescHoe
pemeHme monpocs oppmragoo CO CTPORTCALCTBOM rmApocnaoaux yeTa-
HOBOS Aaa nozyqemia rmAposzesTposHeprom H8 nepenaAax opocoTeas-
HEM K8H8A0B, xoTopue BO mHormx mecTax coamemeas C 8PRB8HROH-
Humm K8H8A8MR rac,
Camo2 xpynHo2 B pecny6Amse HBAH8TCH CeaaH-PasAaHcsaa LIPPH-
ragmom-sHepreTiolecKaa cooTema, ma Aepoaagoo xoTopoft depyT Ha-
Rano opocmTeAsnue Kamm', ocnonaymmme vta opomeHna Ao I00
ra aemen sioAg osepa CeaaH, npomeapoe nepes TypOmm aepxamx
rsc. B comas CeaaH-Pa8AaHcso2 opporagmoHno-aneprerm14ecso2 cm-
cTemil BXOAHT: nocTpoeHnue opocmTeasHue K8H8Ali HREH8-P83A8HCK
H mom CTalima, odecnennamme opomenme Ouee 32 Tsc.ril, semen
/pmc.38,39/1 KoTakscsaa opocoTeasHaa cmcTema AAR opomeHna 7,5
Tuc.ra Roux semen o primeHma B0AOCH3618HRH r.EpeaaHe /poc.
40,41/ R H3X0AHM8H0H B CTPORT8ABCTBO nepBaa otlepeo Ap3Ho-Ma-
mmpamc1co2 opocoTeasHolt cmcieum IH opomenma.maux semen Ha
naoMma 13 Tuc.ra.
B ApmeHmm OAHU MS BMW NCTORHRHOB opomeHma RBAHMTCH a0A-
Hue pecypcu 6accettaa p.AxypaH. B 1922-1925 roo aAecs 6va co-
opyseH nepau2 EflHB B pecny6Ame mpporegoom2 odaexT - Mg-
p8s0sm2 opocoTeAsHs2 K8H8A, noA8mmo2 aoAy AAR opomelima II TUC.
ra semen H8 xesom depery peso. B 1944-1945 roAu 6uRn H8118TH
'Tommie n maucsaTeascsme padopu no perpopoaaamm CTOK8 p.Axy-
pan. B 1949 roAy B RCTOK8X P6KM 6H310 nocTpoeHo aucosoropHoe,
camoe spynHoe B pecnydamse Apnamiqcsoe acAoxpanumme euxocTsio
100 umma. OAHmm ma spynaux opporagooHHux oftexToa B pecnyd-
ane HBAR8T0H CTpORT8ABCTBO TURHOKOPO K8H8A8 C aoAosadopom 143
p.AxypaH jIiI opomeHma B nepaym otlepeAs 12 Tuc.ra semen B Ta-
aHHCKOM R 0RT811(58pRHCROU pa2oHax.
1104TH BC@ H0BU8 KUM, nocTpoeHHue 38 noc3I0AHme roE1, npo-
X0AaT B Ts:MANX rmAporeonorotrecm ye3I0BRHX cmAsHopumppommx
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?.1",
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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? 101 ?
the Amu-Darya, Murghab, Tedjen and Atrek Rivers and other water
-deficient streams flowing down the Kopet-Dag mountain range.
Growing of cotton, specifically its fine varieties, has become
a leading branch of agriculture.
Livestock-breeding, especially astrakhan sheep, has also
been widely developed on the available- natural pastures whose
productivity cannot be raised without watering measures. The
Republic ranks first in the USSR by the size of watered pas-
tures (17.9 million ha). Soon after the establishment of the
Turkmenian Republic (1924) work was started to restore the ir-
rigation system drastically neglected during World War I and
the Civil War; the work completed by 1930 was followed by en-
largement of existing irrigation systems, liquidation of the
existing multiplicity of diversion points, construction of head-
works and division works, replacement of primitive methods of
water conveyance to the fields by "Chigir" and "nova" which
were powered by animals or human muscles. Operation of the ir-
rigation systems was also improved.
Especially large changes have taken place on the irrigati-
on systems in the Charjou Region - in the middle reaches of the
Amu-Darya. 350 small irrigation systems have been reconstructed
there into 14 large-scale ones with all modern engineering hy-
draulic structures; the number of parallel canals was sharply
reduced as well as the length of idle portion of the canals.
The attention of the Soviet Government to the water utiliz-
ation in the Turkmenian SSR and. the tremendous effort of its
people made it possible for the period in question to increase
by 60 per cent the total cropped area in the Republic, and by
3 times - the area under cotton.
The major task in the field of water utilization is to im-
prove still further the water supply of irrigated areas, es-
pe(ially in such water-deficient regions as the basins of the
Muxghab and Tedjen Rivers and the foothills of the Kopet-Dag
mountain range.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Pac.39. Axaegyx gapes p.Paaaau.
Fig. 39. Aqueduct across the Ramdan River.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
hyvh.fixtrie rum.,
Ratan
LEGEND ,
? glean canal 111111111114ms to be irvated by/letailairy .system
? Tunnel' Ireas daistinr iprOatito
? Distridatoe M Areas awiladle far invation
Pmc.40. Cxema opomemmm semen!) no KoTagmcmoR opocmTeaLmott cmcTeme.
Fig.40. Scheme of Lands of Kotaiksky Irrigation System.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
.01A-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
- 104 -
rpyHToB, RTO HpwmoAmT R RAO6A0A1MOCTX RORTA nomcemecTiforo
up-
M6H8HW Ha maHamax odmagomsm deToHom u mamma mmumol. Upm
mpowTemscTme opocmTemmx cmcTem B donsmmx odsemax BIIROARRIOT -
CR dypomspumme padoTm m BOSBOANTOR dornsmoe sommgecTmo p83110-
06p83Hux rmApoTexinmecmmx coopymemd.
Ho TIpmmemsol CCP. B Typmmemmot CCP c81tm2 cyxol p aHOLt-
HNM
RANA8T ;amen 0peAHea311aTam1xpecnydinin QCCP. A? 90% ee
TeppmTopms AAHAMAMT nycTmHx, domssyrn ACTS 111048AR moTopmx co -
'OTSWIRMT WORM. OCHOBHAR TpyAHocTs B pecnydnue BOAOCTATOR
BOAX?
Bce nocemm 0 acazAeHmn see s paamemem Ha opomaemmx Bev -
max Bdacceluax pen Amy-Aapmm, Mypmmda, TeAmeHa, ATpesa A W-
m MA3I0BOAAITA ACTORRAROB B patioHe KoneT-Aara. BeAYMee 388110 -
RAO B canscsom xoalIcTme mmeeT XAOUROBOACTBO, ocodem m03A0-
31MBe011e TORROBOAORHACTWX COpTOB.
ERTORCABROA opomaemoe BemneAernme B pecnydrnmme cotieTaeTon
nacT6mmamm IRBOTHOBOACTBOM, PAABRIM odpaaom mapanymscium omge-
moAcTmom. B Typsmescsot CCP smeeTon dolismoe ROAKELOCTBO ecTecT-
BOHHHX n8cT6mm, Tpedymmmx Amn ROBWIARNR npoAyiammitocTm 06m0A
WRNS. HO ROARgACTBy 06BOAHAHHHI nacTOmmaix yroAm2 /17,9 RAH.
ra/ TypitmeHma aaHmmeeT TpeTse MOCTO cpeAm Apyrsx COMARAX pea -
ny6iimm.
BacmHas c odpaaomaHma TypmmeHomol CCP /1924 r/, B pecnydsm-
me Henpepmmito npomoAmmacs orpomHan padoTa no mcecToporml 00-
peHHo2 pesoHoTpymamm moAHoro X08020TB8. AO 1990 roAa AZO BOO -
OTAHOBAARNA opoomTemsina cmcTem, sanymemmx BO mpemit nepmot
mmpomo2 m rpamAaHcgol moMH, noon gero mxpommm ?poimom paamep-
Hyamos padorm, H8npammenme.08 ppynHeHme opocmTeasimx ONCTAM,
miammAagsm mHororomommx moAoaadopom, ocHameHme yEPYnlielimix 00-
mem romomumm 0 pacnpeAemmTemmumm coopyzeHmamm, madamnesme
OT npammT11mHo2 ADANA BOAR Ha HOAR npm nomomm "rnwrmpelw RHO -
Be, npmmoAmmmx B AAACTBAA ZABOTAHAN U0 myczymsnon cmnol RO -
/coma. YnytimeHa ascruipeaufn mppmrammommx CNOTAM.
OcodeHHo doasmme mameHeams npomaommm RA opocmTensina cmcTe
max IlapAmoycico2 odmacTm - B cpeAHem TORAHNN p.Amy-A8ps0.3Aecs
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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?105?
The Tashkeprin Reservoir was constructed in 1940 in the
Murghab Oasis in addition to the Hindu Kush and Iolotan Reserv-
oirs constructed previously. The Kary-Bent Barrage was construc-
ted in 1926 on the Tedjen River (Fig.42). In the last decade in
the lower reaches of the Tedjen River a reservoir has already
been constructed and another one is nearing completion as well
as the Sary-Yazin Reservoir on the Murghab River. Utilization
of ground waters by drilling deep wells in the Ashkhabad Region
is in progress; many canals are being lined with concrete to
reduce irrigation water losses.
The age-long water deficiency in these regions will be
liquidated by the largest undertaking in the Republic, the Kara-
-Kum Canal, which will take water from the Amu-Darya to carry
it west across the Kara-Kum desert (Fig. 43, 44, 45).
The completion qf the first stage of the canal on the sec-
tion 400 km long, between the Amu-Darya and the Murghab Rivers
will irrigate additionally 92.5 thous.ha in the Murghab basin.
The area under fine cotton in this region will thus be increas-
ed twofold. The canal will run from the Murghab River near the
Copet-Dag foothills and will irrigate in the future another 350
thous.ha and water 10 mill.ha of pastureland.
The volume of earthwork involved in construction of the
1-st stage is 55 mill.cu.m, that of reinforced concrete 50
thous.cu.m. The canal is being constructed in the waterless de-
sert with the employment of up-to-date machinery.
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? 106?
Pxo.4I.K aHax 118 nonyTpy6 88 onopax.KoTaihmicas opo=
CHT8ISH88 oHoTema.
Fig.41. Flume Canal of Semi-Circular Section on
Supports. Kotaiksky Irrigation System.
Nc.42. IIXOTHH8 Kapu?BeHT Ha p.Tuzell.
Fig.42. Kary-Bent Dam on the Tedjen River.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29: CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
LEGE N D
Sary?Ihkv memoir
74sA.Kepry memo.
first stacreof canal construction
Proposed mat construction
ggi fcistint irritated MIA
ri first ItIft irritation
ErD Proposrd irritation
NW ROL, 101/
Poc. 43. Cxema Kapa?Kymcmaro Kama m opomeame mem,.
Fig. 43. Scheme of the Kara?Kum Canal and Irrigated Areas.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
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? 108 ?
Pmc.44. KpenneHme 6apxamix nem= no Tpacce
Kapa-HymcHoro K8H8A8.
Fig.44. Stabilization of Sands in the Zone of
the Kara-Kum Canal.
Pmc.45.PadoTa semzecoca Ha Kapa-Kymcmm HaHane.
Fig.45. Suction Dredge in Operation.Kara-Kum Canal.
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?109 ?
BmecTo 350 memmx OPOCNTeABHMX CNCTeM CO3A8H0 14 Rpynaux CNC.-
Tem, OCH8NeHHUX COBP0MeHRNMN rmApoTeximecumm coopymeHmamm;
Pe3H0 COHP8TNAOCL C310 RePeXAOABHUX H8118310B V npomenocTs.
XOZOCTLIX macTek RaHamoB.
BOJIBM0e BRUM% C0108110110 HPUNTELALCTB8 H BoAHomy xmacTiay
TypxMerin H orpomHaa padoma, npoAemaimaa TypRmemum HapoAom
B 0628CTIA P88BNINH cemBcRoro X03aCTB8, nosBommam yBezmuTs
noceBHue naomaAm B pecny6mmRe He 60%9 a nmomaAs noA xmontiaTHH-,
HON - B TPM
HecmoTpa H8 3HESINTDABHHe pa0TN,npoBeAeHmue B 06.718CTE mp-
pmragmm, BaltHeAme2 aaAaxielt npoAommaeT OCT8B8T1,CH pemmtleHme
BoAoodecnegeaHocTia opomaemux semen, OCOdeHHO B TaRmx U8JI0B0-
HX
patioHax, Ica 6acceBHu pe R Mypra6, TeAmeH m npeAropLe
Aara.
Kpome CYNeCTBOBOWNX B Mypranicom oaamce FEHAyRymcRoro I
gomoTamoro BoAoxpaHmang, BBeAOHM B Aelome B 1940 roAy
xenpnione BoAoxpaHmamme H B 1926 roAy He p.TeAmeH BoAonoAsem-
Haa RXOTNE8 Kapm-BeHT ipmc.42/. 8a noczeoee AecaTmmeTme no-
OTP00110 BoAoxpaHumme B MOW= p.TeAmeH, 88BePUETCH pa6ou
RO CTPONTeALCTSY BToporo BoAoxpummmula Ha 3TOM peRe N Capu-
Rammoro Ha p.Mypra6. B pattomax AaxadeiAcRott odmacTm gpoBoAHT-
CH pa6oTu no NCH02L30B8ENT5 AJOI OPOURNH rpyffroBux BOA mpg 110-
M01IIE mpoitcTBa rmy6oRmx maim, ocymecTBIIHmTcH meponpimemm
Ito deTOHNPOBEIHNIO H8H8A0B B roma SHONOMMN opocmTemIHol Bou.
PeANH8ABHUM CPeACTBOM mmimmAagmil BeHOBOR M8A0BOAHOCTM opo-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
.7,1A-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/29:
CIA-RDP80T00246A026200390001-8