VULNERABILITY OF CHILEAN COPPER INSTALLATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-01617A001100040001-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 69
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 4, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 6, 1950
• Content Type: MEMO

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74
CONFIDENTIAL'
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM NO. 329
VULNERABILITY OF CHILEAN COPPER INSTALLATIONS
6 December 1950
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COENT1AL
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CENTRAL I23ELLIGBICE AZI WT
CONFIDENTIAL
3.I IJ G?I E A,MiO it .)t1M NO0 329
VUL! RABILIPZ OF CHILEAN COPPER INSTAUATIOVS
6 December 1-950
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NFIDETIAL
@ fir' ~e ~i =TC
a:3s? c~.,.~. r@ s ? ? ~ m a ? a r ^ ? rs n e a a s 3
~
Ckmika` ti(".lsi.:y ?::r .Ik.oaRai 9@:.itrug'.I..:'..cai t% an Arxrl; e a ? a e a a ~
y.
C~, t.~Darp G i.~ii,:.Ldera CJiow .a .L.rad ik5- e a m a Q 4 -. n 7
Q 9 s a a a a 9
G I i~; f POLL IC~1L1.~~ ECGI10,000s000
metric tons., averaging 1.21 percent copper. Ore mined.at this site is of
lour-~r'ad3 porphyry, about 65 percent of which carries copper-sulfide values
and the remainder oxide copper.
There m:'e two large industrial unions at Potrerillos , the nine workers'
union, controlled by three 3oeial:ists and two Radicals, and the plant
s controlled by two Socialists and two Radicals. Three other
workers' union j
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unions of less significance, *t the port where the ore is shipped and'on the
company rai.l.road, are each controlled by Socialists and :tadis. Prior to
19148 these unions were all Co inau ist-controlled, according to company officials
who now state that all the Socialists in its unions are affiliated with the
Socialist CTCh. ,bjLle the number of Communists reaoved from i'otrerillos during.
19148 is not known, the company estimates that there are some 1:00 to 500 Cat-
munist Party members, and 300 to 14J3 Cc amuni.st sympathizers are still working
at Potrerillos. Some union leaders Lolicve CoGmnnist strength increased among
the rank and file during 1948 because of the.corkers t dlcagreenent t . t1i . the
government's anti?Cosnminist policy expressed in the Defense of Democracy Law.
In May 1950, there viers 2,1473 persons employed by the Andes Corporations
In general, labor relations are probably better at Potrerillos than at
Chuquicam ata. Labor relations are better at the mine than at the plant,
primarily because day-to-day grievances at the mine are settled on the spot
while those at the plant are carried to higher officials, and because miners
receive incentive pay and higher wages than plant workers.
The Medium and Small Producers.
About four percent of the totma production of Chilean copper is from
seventeen smaller mines. Some are controlled by French and some by US in-
terests. Of. the minor producers, the most important in 1948 were the
Compagnie 7iniere de 141 %.aita at Chagres, near Valparaiso, and the Compania
Minera Jisputada Las Condos., east of Sa.atiagol he remaining one percent
of Chileaz copper comes from numerous very small mines,, all operated by
Chileans..
The attached tables give statistical data as to Chile's exports of
refined and blister copper from 1930 to September 19149 by area and country
of destination; Chilean production and world production of fine copper for
the period 1930 to 19148; and Chilean production and world production of
smelter copper for the period 1930 to 19143.
The Co er Indastr as aSource of Revenue to the Chilean Government.
Copper provides a sub;;tantial portion., 15 to 20 percent, of the Chilean
Govcrnacntts revome, in the fora of taxes, duties, and other levies. For
the year 1949, the govern entt a receipts of foreir,n a::change from all sources
in all currencies totaled t 210,000,000, out of which the throe large US-
in
copper companies provided an estimated total of ,116,730:000 in the
form of dollar exchange alone.
i`he largest side source of dollar exchange provided by the major
copier con.?anies resulted from a regulation governing peso payment for
production costs. Under this regulation, the companies were required to
purchase pesos at the rate of 19.37 per dollar to cover production costs.,
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wiiile i.he ~;ovorzuent cold the dollars at a .auc:" hiZ;hor rate, ranu;ina from
31 to 60 pesos per dollar, A prelixunary estimate for 1949 indicated that
the i;overnyent would receive 363,500,000 from this. source.
A second tax on the large cazpanies is on heir not into:ios, on vAlich
that' ;gay a normal tax of 13 Percent. To this is added an e:eraordinary
tax of 2 percent, with a 30 percent. surcharge on both those ta.+es, resulting
in a total tax rate of about 19,5 percent on not income. The US-owned
companies are further required to pay an additional l0 percent on profits
or income from all their Chilean irwoataonts and oporatLons, to which is
affixed a.3 percent extraordinary tax.
A tax on copper sales became law in 1942. This extraordinary tax 1aw
stipulated that., for companies producing more than 20,000 tons annually,
50 percent of the difference between a base price (1J cents for electrolytic,
9 3/.4 cents for fire refined, and 9 5/8 cents for blister copper) and the
actual sales price must be paid to the government. In 1947 these base
prices were modified to provide for price lluctuatwons, For the smaller
companies, the tax is based on the difference between the price of copper
on board ship in New York and the price that could have been obtained prior
to January 19142. Government receipts from 19146 sales totaled N17,50J,000
and from 1947 sales totaled approximately ;25,000,000.
An emergency measure applied during the 1,,st quarter of 1947 included
a provision to increase by 20 percent this extraordinary tax, which was
estimated to have yielded an additional 33,000,J00 to 34,000,000. This
tax applied to only 50 percent of the total. 1946 tax and proceeds from
sales during the last half of 1947,
In 1948, the Covernznent received an estimated w50,000,300 from the
income tax and the extraordinary tax on copper sales. In addition$ customs
duties paid by the large companies, totaled an estimated ;3,230,0 0,
2evenue from, the wall mining companies was an estimated 36,200,000
.in 1949. By comparison cn_th tho amounts paid by the large operators., the
small * producers provide a negligible cuu for;ards govt neat income.
Effect of the Comer !,ndustr;r on the Chi] can Eton
in emphasizing the importance of the copper industry to the Chilean
Coverr~nent as a source of revenue, sight should not be lost of its greater
importane!; to the over-all economy of the country. Other than providing over
one-third of all dollar exchange for the nation, the amounts of money returned
to the country in the. form of wages and payment for sup, 41ies and machinery
are immense. The additional benefits accruing to the nation through secondary
industries largely dependent upon the copper industry, (railroads, steamship
lines., ports, power companies, and the many other services and products needed
by the industry and its workers) are of great magnitude.
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Attitude Goverment toward the Copper Industry.
The Chilean Government is in an anomalous position regarding the
copper industry. Since the industry is the overwhelmingly important
factor of the Chile= economy and the chief financial mainstay of the
goverment, it nut be treated with a healthy respect; but since the
industry also is often regarded as a symbol of foreign intervention
and because it has such great influence on the national economy.. it
can be blamed for most of the country's ills.
The former is clearly the dominant attitude, and the latter is
resorted to only occasionally when the government feels it necessary
to dirart the public's.attention in order to relieve government action
from close scrutiny. Although the government loses no opportunity
to extract revenue from the industry, its efforts in this regard are
generally very well, calculated so as not to endanger the profitable
operation of the industry and the industry's contribution to national
revenue.
In general, the relation between the industry and the govern-
ment has been one of unequal. cooperation. The industry ban invested
enormous Bums of stoney in its installations, and although it has
extracted great profits from its operations, the country as a whole has
also benefited greatly, not only in actual returns from taxes and wages
but also in the extremely important advantages accruing to the nation
as a result of the development of railroads, ports, power plants,
roads, etc., which have been accomplished in a good part by the copper
(and-nitrate) industries. While the industries have been actively en-
gaged in this activity, the government has cooperated mainly in a
passive sense in that it has generally allowed the industry a free
hand end has facilitated its efforts in regard to construction of
necessary adjunct facilities and in matters concerning labor.
The small copper mines are maintained in operation at the expense
of the large mines. Tames and the effects of the government's ex-
change rate program largely finance the operation of the Government
Copper Sales Corporation, which purchases all copper from small
producers at a subsidized price, and the smelter at Paipote which is
operated by the government at a loss in order to utilize the, production
of the small mines. While it is evident that the operation of the
small mines and the government smelter is economically unjustifiable
and constitutes an unnecessary burden upon the finance. of the
country, continued operation in the interests of national pride can
be expected.
Attitude of the People toward the Copper Industry.
The Chilean people are well aware of the importance of the copper
industry to the country and realize that foreigners and foreign capital
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.have boon z cponsiblej) to a. large extent* for the groat dcvelopase t
of copper and other indtastrias. As a matter of pridop the Chiloanc
t ould Greatly prefer seeing the copper industry nationalizedD or at
leant oporated by Chileans; but as a ratter of cold practicality
they k o= that Chilean toehnici t and management have not yet
reached a stage of devnlopraent that vrou'ld ellan then to operate the
corxplox far-flung industry in the highly efficient runner esrantial
to profitable operation.
Although charges of "inhur n slave labor",o "cruel ozploitation%
"miserable living oonditions" 0 rind the lihe are ooraionpluo acou.
sae-loud against- the copper industry,, it is 3. notewrthy fact that
coj~per miners are considerod the "olito" of Chilean laborers by the
laboring ola ca. Ho, copper miner vnuld rillIngly give up his higher
v", a. ooxi scary shopping pr vileges at reduced prises, and free
housing and madical care for a "non- exploited" job in a 100 percent
Chilean organisation. In all probability* those most busily on-.
gaged in vilifying the industry (other than Cor=aniat militants and
organizers) would jump at the chance In join the ranire of those
"aoploitod" by the Yankco mine oaerso
As will be discussed in the following pagoda Cormmaa.ist strength
has been concentrated in the rants of the copper eorlors; thi ap how.
evcro does not neoosaarily indicate that these u rIc rs are partieu..
1a Ar Cora ,.st.inelinsd nor are they particularly anti-capitalist
or anti-US o It does indicate that the Comte ats, realizing the
ig)orthnoe of the copper industry have concentrated their efforts
on the industry, sand that US control of the industry has been an
exoollont subject fbr their vituperative propaganda. The laborors,
th omselvets,o enjoy political activity, and thcay greatly enjoy
attending political meetings and demonstrations and listener to
fio: ywtongued demagogues, even though they may not have definite
idoas about the purpose of it'allo If it appears that the laborer
atfusds a reasonable chance of earning more money by ib+lloving the
loaders" sugveationa, then his enjoyable pastime nay also become
rar::utaerativeo It is believed, hot ovor. that the laborer trould roow
tune 'to fblla than dictates of radical leaders to the point of
action against the interacts of his governcntd That point is
be mg reached at tb3 moment; the Defonoo of Democracy L= has umrned
Chi.lcsn laborers that they may loco so= of their rights by follow.,
izC. t ha Cor anistao L impor nt,, the lam has attached a certain
amunt of stigma to the Communists by declaring thorn to be illogale
In general, the antic-Coz nict attitude of the ggvarnmant is
roflectod by the people, and although all Chilean ooppor rrerlflers are
no U rniaro of all the questions invol'vod,9 most of them are-aware of
the basic issues at stance and in that respect can be expected to
?o.larr government loo adorship a
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Future of the Chilean Copper Induotrv.
The future of the Chilean copper industry, since expropriation
is not probablos is that of the US?'ornned copper installations. Chile
is contirnaing an extonsivo program to improve its position with respect
to coppor. This can be soon in the expansion program which have been
authorized to the US insterost and in those fbstorod by the Chilean
Government. It is believed that the govorrmant will cooperate with
Us industry to solve copper probleu m footing the national oconar lye .
At present, aarld dessnd for copper is strong, and Chile should
have little diffioulty in fiisding outlets for its productions Also,
the long-range outlook fbr Chile's copper futurd appears quite favor-
ablo, Per capita consumption of copper in the US is increasing while
US domasrtia mine production is destined to decline inasauoh ad deposits
an being exhausted faster than the rate of now discoveries.
General Information.
Communise has bad a rough path to tread in Chile. While early
in its oxistence` considerable enthusiasm was engendered in the minds
of Chile's laboring classes for the pror]iaod benefits of oolleotivism
and Comnaaniat shsrrings of capitalist aobievements, this first easiness
of conquest me lessened in direct ratio to increased benefits derived
from advanced social legislation adopted by Chile.
At various times since its inception, the Coirunist Party of Chile
has suffered repression from dif'feront governments. The first such
repression was in the period 1925 to 1930 under the dictatorship of
Thanes, and the second was in 1040 under President Aguirre Cerda. The
Party is presontly illegal and has been drastically curbed by President
Gonzales Videlaa
The economic dislocation caused by the depression of the thirties
gave additional impetus to the Cormunists in their struggle for pacror.
Tho oursalativo effeota of this period resulted in domination of the
CTCb, by the Communists, and the weal nine of their arch-enemies, the
Sooialistsa, who wore forced to net up their own labor organization in
1947, in order to escape Commist dominations
From a high point in popularity reached in 1947 when some 601,000
voters were registered an Comauaiets, with an estimated total strength
of 130,&000 members and symathi zers, t Party tumbled to an estimated
26,000 members in 19480 lost its privilege of voting, and since the
Party. had been declared Illegal its rumeborss woro subject to arrest*
To achieve their position of porer, the Communists utilized all
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avW.lablo me=* Labor organ re rangod the long ch of Chileg front
org misationa set up 'in every level of Chilean society included child..
care clubs in.the alum districts as vroll as aassociatiouz of intel*.
lootuals asaong the aristoeraay. Apparently little of this effort t'm
a otwLlly rbse*rr-directed, or in the event of such direotion, efforts
to lo3ep it secret mare sucoos". The success of the Co wiete'
program may be attributed to strong local leadership, although the
Chilean Communist leaders have at various times been called to 11oscar,?
for covers repriwm4e vhen affairs have gone badly.
Today, Chilean Cor meta must be considered a definite potential
throat to the political and oconamio stability of Chile and to US
security interests. The party has had a long existence in Chiles at
one time it hard a considerable number of political adherents; its
strength within the labor organisations t greater that that of w W
other g roupi and its present members are exporienced,, well disciplined,
and thoroughly indoctrinated regulars. In Juno 1948, the American
sy in -Santiago stated that, "it'vrould seen fair to estiaato that
Coru niet strength, from the point of view of military leadership, has
dratrtically declined but that these still persists a relatively strong
group of Communist orlrers affiliated vrith important unions,. In this
respect, officials of the Braden and limbs Copper 'using Cozies. and
of the nitrate mines seen to be in general, a aaout that the" in
still sufficient Centunist strength among the.rank and fib to be
potentially dangerous in the event of a crisis. The Communism CTCh
is still roceiving some support from a r nDrity of construction
VOrlZra, a relativeley small percentage of textile unions, a minority
of port and dock vnrlcers, sore public utility workers,, a majority of
ohz~affeuraa and scattered unions of miscellaneous saamafacturing enter-
prices in the larger oities".
Since the Co.et Party tint underground after the Dofona!+ of
D aooraoy L eras passed in 1948, no estimate can be made with any
dagrco of accuracy an to the present strength of the party xpr the
aumber of adherents in the various labor unions, In a later section,
the o in a ' table listing all the principal. unions in Chile ,4th the
eon ; accurate figures obtainable for oaoh union's membership.
Communist Electoral Strength.
In 1945,' Comm- .st electoral strength was estimated at between
46,130 and 53*330, In the mLsnicipsl oloctions of April 1947, the
Coismanist Party advanced from 34th to 7th place in number of votes
recoived in comparison rd.th the munioipal oloctions of 1944, a gain
of ix-ro than 150 porconto In the first municipal election held after
the outl.csrring of the Cozraaniot Party, it ryas oloarly demonstrated that
U an outlecred party, it had groator difficulty in elooting, its,
candidates than''rhea it vas legally rogisteroda The last runicipa .
elections in which the Cor unie?ts rrero a legal party were .held in
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1947 and resulted in the election of 187 Coz lists out of a total
of 1542 vacant positioned The first such elections& after the Party
had been declared illegals, Irv hold in April 1950 and rosulted in
the election of only 30 Coxm mistafront cendidates out of a total of
1268 positionso Foroontage-visop the Co niats suffered a drop from
12% in 1947 to 002 a in 1950 in the air of their candidates elected.,
(These ?1gures& the on]y ones avrailable are estimated from nearly
complete returns fbr the 1950 oloctionce
In the mjor mining arease the vote rooei d by the Ccn vniist
Party and Corm mist-front organisations in the 1949 Congressional
elections decreased substantially from the large vote received by
such candidates in the 1945 Congressional elsotiono . The following
table shows the percentage of votes in the mining districts cant.fbr
Cozxnsniot and ComaunistQfront candidates in the Congressional
elattione of 19419 19450 and 1949c
1941
1945
1949
Copper mines
Chuquicamta
57e3
47.6
x607
Sell
3500
4006
000
Potrorillos
Do candidates
604
I'litrato mines
Tocopilla )
Pedro do Valdivia )
5307
5007
1806
Toco
Coal mines
Iota
Coronl
6101
5906
1501
It is obvioue from these figures that the Co=.suiiets h. vo lost
a very :Large percentage of their influence at to polls, on the
elections of 1945 to those of 194.90 the nunbor of eligible voters in
the zain; areas decreased in the fbllo .ng peroentagso due in large
part to the Defense of Domorcrccy Lc
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(in peroentagee)
Chuquioaasseta
20
Sei ell.
29
Potrerilloe
33
Toaopilla
17
Pedro do Valdivia
34
Too*
49
Leta
68
Coronei
30
One of the rest interesting aspects of the 2049 bleotiono in the
twining arose vas the esurprioing victory of the govarnint pa rtiees as
shun by the ibYlaving table:
God Parties
Radical
2606%
Liberal.
1306
ConaserV tive
13.2
Socialist of Chile)
Desworatio )
Omani ticn Parties
Falange iiacional
1667
Popular Soolaliet
Agrarian tAboiites )
28,,O%
Co=fiat Labor Strengths
Prior to the coal a rikv of .Ootobcr 1947c, the boat eatiraatos of
the strength of central labor organizations in Chile gars the Socialist
CTCh 20 to 3Cf,"o of the organized txorkre,'saith the Cozztmlat CTCh having
80 to .7q; a and approximatni r 1C indopendent or affiliated with the
arsroho..nyzidicaliat CGT (Confedoraoion General do Traba jadozwes ). Song
obacr +ers, boliove that ainco October 1047a the Socialiate have in r.
crossed their strength to 50 or 6C of all Chilean labor while Comet
atrongth has deoroasod to 10 or 20;.', and r r unions which +sro pro.
viously affiliated with the Cozrna int CTCh have booome independents,
Moe ostr hates *y very rrol bo too optimistic*
Until the coal strike, of 1947s v n the governznt arrested a groat
=my COnZaanist labor loaders, the Socialist CTCh depended fbr its
strength largely on unions of govermnt eraployeee, xxunioipal v or3aex'ass
bokera, ch nioal and pherr aooutioal woricarar, saxes maritime and dock
iiorkerss, and scattered unionn in Santiago faotorieso Since the ra-
narv ii of. Conumtst labor leaders from the principal mining and sow
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otter industrial unions, the Sdoialists have seeds so= headway in
mining representation on the boards of directors of thass organi?.
nations but. have not dsaonetratod sufficient etrw3gth to alai= the
oo>dplots allegianao of these symdicatoese
The Socialists nw olain that they have three .of the five directors
of the Sea>xell Union and all five union directors at Caletonee, Coyaa and
Renoa^ uao Although thin Statement could indicate that their peer has
inareaned oonsidsrably, it dust be roaambored that these elections are
on a local level and Trill not naaoossari]y result in affiliation of these
unions Trith the Sooialist CTCho arose the mixing unions are still
affiliated vdth the national Federation of Uinera, which is Commniet
dvrd~tod.
The arrest ana relegation of several hundred leaders of Coimunist
unions have tonporarily put an obstacle 'in the oy of continued control
of the ma.joritV of labor bar militants of the parry, Dan he have
dovelopod experience over a period of years, particularly in the
ain3aisg
unionaa have been rowved, and it appears that in mauyr instances these
unions have not de eloped nw aggressive leadership. For the time being,
therefore, it seems probable that the Comunists have lost direct control
oP Chilota most Important unions.
In the last year and'shalfa reports have indicated that the Chilean
Conamista have effected purges and reorganisation of the party to'
create a moro reliable, basic organisationp to ro indootrimt a members
in Coragmiwb prlneiplesa to place greater emphasis upon labor infil..
tration, and to attempt to regain political o'ta'o agth through cooperation
srlth. Other leftist parties in a labor unity armpsigi.
aovarrn t Attitude toward Cow
Chile has a reputation for epresidents o enter from the left en4
leave by the right "O an ?=mple being the present incumbent Gonzalez
Videla, Who, elected with then cooperation of the Co=munistaa has now
.
outlawed the Paste He is presently aoeking support from the rightist
croupse It is believed that the anti..Contmmist stewed adopted. by
President Gonzalez Videla is einceree VJhile it mast be ads ttod that
he is an astute politician and-is regarded by nuW as a rank oppord
tanist, in dicatioae are that he has realisod the threat Commimn holds
for Chile and affil continuo his offbrta to reaken its strength.
In his visit to the US in April 19500 President Gon*ales Videla-
stated that his government v uld-cooperate with the demooratin oountrioe
in the event of hostilities botr esn the US and the USSR. Since his
return to Chiloo his govermasnt bee announced that to will two all.
mocssary atop to assure the free flow of noeded Chilean mteriala to
> industries of the dmmooratie countries. In speeches in various
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part's of the oozurt ra _ the President has omphaa iised the dmger of
international Conmmism' and has praised the US as the major bulwark
agairct the advance of an aggressive USSR.
Defense of Dmaooracy Lsaw.
Irr~~riYA
The mat l orta nt out of the change of attitude of President
Gansusisz Videla towards the Co=mists was the Defense of Do oraa:y Lwb
passod by the Congress in September 1948, which Came the President power
to intervene in labor disputes and which outland the,Co=unist Party,
A corollary ler granted tho'President for a limited period, speciaal
powers to remove Conoxni.st loaders to amps in remote portions of the
aotm s'y, to arrest suspects without a warrant, and to Impose censorship
on radio and press, The efficacy of the Imx was demonstrated in the
first calendar year of its operation, 1949, when there ware but 23
strikes as compared to 174.strikss in 1947, the last calendar year prior
to its enassatsoianta This reduction in the number of strikes ban be ascribed
=dnly to the Iaw, but a not inconsiderable amount mist .be laid to the
foot' that, during this time, Chilean labor was in a confused situation,
Divinion of the CTCh ints. tw factions and lack of criteria by which
labor leaders could determine hair the lox nuld be applied, contributed
heavily to this confusion. The Socialist labor loaders whe had in.
herit ed the top, labor positions: walked warily for a time in their new
roles, lost. they themrssolvres should feel than effects of the Iaatn and be
relegated along with Comsnimisat loaders to the camp at Pisagua.
Politically, the law had three effects: it outlawed the Corsauniat
Party, scattered its rw mberehip, and set up a violent protest from
=W wn.Co=snist sootors of the Chilean political world. Upon its
inception the anneal of some 60,000 alleged Comtuai.st registered voters
were throatened with being struck from the electoral roles, but this.
figure ores reduced to scene 20x,000 name on the outcry of z=W Socialists,
Radicals, etc., who had been included (erroneously, they claimed) in the
lists This action did not end the uncertaintr and conflict' occasioned
by t1 hart, Trio years after its enaotaont, it continues to be a source
of'msioh political conflict, Labor in general to opposed, to it. The
lef tlst parties we also apprcov ed, and even a =Labor of rightists have spoken
spoken out against it as an unwarranted invasion of personal rights and
labor prerogatives. In view of an inorQase in the number of labor
distan=bancoa that have ocourred in the first half of 1960, it as be
expooted that the administration will resist all efforts to repeal the
I= t n , in vim of the present intornationva situation, will be
suooossei al in maintaining its pmof a under that legislations The
God =W indeed press for reinstat mat of the Special Power Act
(which expired In Z.ieroh) on the claim that the world situation nooessi.
tetess a strengthened C' Zilesn government.
SEG86'!~
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617A001100040001-4
3ECRT
ESTI,ATE OF TI SITUATIOIZ IN EVEUT of Uf R
1fllrrr11f9rertr111fi -
Attittad9 of the Coa:csunists in Chiloo
It is to be presumed that Chilean CoMunists would not be in.
lbrraed beforehand that the Soviet Cov lent intended to provoke or
risk open war with us o The danger of 3omprrm ising specific information
of this sort would greatly outvia .gh the advantages0 It =y be assumed
that the USSR would depend an the ability of Coamzuniat agents and
sabctcure to correctly road the signs and thoreby discern the appropri.
ate marlent for an all-out sabotage effort or, a definite break in the
international situation having occurred, to carry out immediately all
possible sabotage before preventive governmental action could be made
affective* Sabotage of highly important installations would probably
be Intrusted specifically to.Soviet trained saboteurs who have long
maintained residence near their objectiveso Neal Connists would
probably be utilized to aid and protect Communist agents in their
efforts and to perform minor diversionary sabotage in more remote areas.
A wave of strikess labor demonstrations9 and violence should be
empeoted shortly after hostilities 'break out. Although as previously
mentioned,. the strength of the Comautnist movement in Chile boa been
weakened, it can be anticipated that Coi iniat militants would be
successful in Initiating a certain number of strikes and slowdowns and
in prolonging other strikes v4iich might occur. A certain avDunt of
confusion and disorganization would be expected in the early stages
until the anti?Comraanist attitude of the majority of the population
assertae itself,
A great propaganda effort no doubt would be unleashed by the
ormmiate, but, as Co=mist printing plants have already been closed,,
printed propaganda therefore would necessarily be limited to small
shoots and leaflets printed hurriedlry on clandestine presses, Radio
facilities have been denied the Cownusists, who would have to resort
to small ' (possibly portable) transmittorao Comiazniat propaganda by.
seems of rord?ofonuth, including speeches at front organization and
labor union meetings would, of course, be intensified, and right well
have serious offeots ,
Attitude of the Government in Evcnt of rarer
irlrsi - rm~sreaw
This. attitude of the Chilean Govan=ant toward covering relations
with the Axis powers in torld Wax. II cannot be taken as indicative of
the probable attitude in event- of a war in which the Soviet Union was
involv'edo Duo to the long-tint residence in Chile of large numbers of
Germans who had contributed considerably to the development of the
nation and to- cordial oonaaroial and diplomatic relations with GermaxW,
It was with reluctance that Chile broke relations with the Axis.in
January 19430
S ECRET,
?
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
There is at ,proaont no such feeling of ?riend7 mess toward the
Soviet Union on the part of the goverrm t, nor on the part of the over..
vbelxaing sority of the population. After a brief flirtation in
1940.5. iioh resulted in establiabnont of diplomatic relations with
the USSR, Chile broke those relations in 1947 vrith accusations that
satellite diplomats were plotting against the Chilean Qoverrment, and
the recall of representatives from both countries engendered oonn
sidarable bitterness.
An indication of the probable attitude Of the Chilean Goverrnmc3nt
in the event of war between the US and the USSR in provided, by the
pronpt expression of solidarity with the UN expressed by Chile upon
the invasion of-South Korea by Northern Korean forces.
doted Aotign of the Chilean Govermmmt in Event of star.
Basing the estimate on the pxsent administration, in the event
of. goneraal rtar, it can be expected that the Chilean Government will
take prompt action against the Coacstsniets and against Cormu Ast attempts
to sabotage critical and important points and indu>;strios, but it. is not
likely to tales prior precautionary measures$ and the offectivoneas of
the aotion taken after the out break of hostilities met therefore be
expected to suffer from certain linitations, as followas
1) Considerable time w uld olapse after the actual
declaration of rear, or other unraistakablo sign of the
impincnoe of war, before carabinoros and soldiers could
be alerted, transported, and placed on'guard at vulnerable,
points. It is impossible for the goverwant to main-
tain forces in close proxira(i to all the vulnerable
points, and bocauso of the tiro required for obtaining
and moving, forces, and tho great distances botaoen lo-
cations and the number of vulnerable points, several days
could possibly elapse before reasonable protection would
be achieved.
2) A)parent look of idontifioation of covert Com list,
or Corruuniat trained saboteurs would procludo their izs iediato
apprehension upon tho first indication of hostile activity.
During 'arold ::ar II, the Chilean police (with assistance. fron
the CS I bassy) oampilod a list of individuals and organisations
inimical to the Chilean Government, which contained' the mm~es
and identification data of known and suspected Corramists. Un-
fortunately, on the assumption that the function of the list
has served upon tho and of hostilities, it ms destroyed. It
is believed, h moor that the present adninisstration has begun
work on a second list of this nature, and in all probability,
information-gained tljroubh the diuonfranchisemont and suppression
of Cor waists, and experience gained in quelling Com mist
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
violence in tho coal riots of 1347D would be of considerable
value should tho rapid ianprehonsion of Comhi become
necesea z7.
3) The copper industry itself is vulnerable not only to
direct sabotago but also to sabotage in any one of a great
number of locations and industries closely related to itD
ri za r of mhioh are very important to the general ooonu r r of the
country. This group includes s (a) potter and water li neab
particularly in the northern regions,, (b) rail transport and
electrioal oos nioation system, (o) port fa oilities, and
(d) mangy smell businesses engaged in supplying articles of
daily necessity to the general population.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
SECREI?
TABLE 1
COLE INIST ESTIM&TE OF TABOR STREGTGTH FOR
Como Soo
T&W __ CTCh CTCh Other
Private employees 116,000 115,000
Mums 650552 630667 1,895
Govern m t employees 23,,457 230457
Seon Govto employees 37,607 269303 11,304
Agricultural leers 37,805 520 711 640 49 554
Conutruotion workers 320766 32,032 733
Railroad mDrkers 24,810 24,810
Tax tile work 219421 139737 40120 30564
Ibspita1s, etco 130910 6,784 4,635 2,491
Lunioipal workers 8,450 50230 30220
Tlet 1urgiaal vrorkrs 14,120 120409 1,101 610
Leather vorkers 10,430 80161 40 2,229
riwftins t Port workers 10,372 7,344 1,034 1,0994
Lurdber 90366 50237 10701 20427
Gag.-Eleotrio Telegraph 80902 7,383 10619
Due drivers o conductors 70350 70350
Bank employees 70394 19704 30249 20441
Fish~erx sn 70769 78,096 165 608
Chem sta 4 Pharmacists 40647 10640 10607 10500
Bars 60992 30977 20222 793
Printers 60957 30500 3,457
Strrcetoar operators 50000 50000
Teachers 50030 49086 945
Posts a Telegraph 4,200 40200
Flour Till workers 30592 29706 261 625
Wineries, 20059 19567 502
Ilbtels & Bare 20793 20793
Taxi dri ra 2,998 20240 485 273
Pantry workers 20771 2,701 70
Bre ery workers 20821 20 821
Venders 30067 20902 165
Graphic Arts 10225 10226
Barbera 10026 10026
Nurses 10438 10438
Da5.ry workers 1,170 1,,170
RR Firemen 755 755
615,020 324,916 209674 1660181
00 32
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
SECRET
COI, IST E S OF LABOR STR NGT$.F'G$
~I1~fN
i11b0ari.3~1iP~Yli
ir~
i1
l.
W
~
1
I
Mii
l
~sRJMll~lie
Or~sstioa
Tam.
Ca
sst
Soofal3.mt
CQT
Iyade~ nt
.~,.~.rw~r.m
Private OMP3.oyeo8
I15,000
1158000
t 'a
65,000
258000
508000
Gove t ona 1oyvess
500000
500000
8e t.uGovto amplcjcet
Agricultural wsske
588000
388000
20,000
Cons ruction wrk x
30,000
5,000
60000
200000
Railroad aorksrc
2b1OO0
500.00
208,000
Tile workm
35,000.
109000
209000
5,000
Th epir s, eft0
180000
1,000
150000
20000
Lbntoipal mrkers
150000
100000
60000
13eti1u rgicnl ` crko>Ce
Lear vor o
9,9000
30000
.60000
Ibsitim & Port inr1
100000
49000
.60000
Lumber
10,000
10000
8,000
10000
Gass.Elc triaTTe!samph
Bus drivers & conductors
7,000
50000
20000
flank omployeea
hermaa
Chemists & Phurn ,fiats
70000
70000
Bakers
6,000`
S
60600
Printers
40000
10000
30000
Stood opatorss
5,000
5,000
T0aolss
Posts E:. Telegraph.
6,000
6,000
Flour hill erlsaarss
30500
600
500
2,9500
111reries3
4,000
1,000
3,000
Hotols Bar, .
40000
1,0000
3,000
Taal driverts
3,0000
22000
19000
Pair
Br ry T nrlsnrss
39000
1,000
20000
' rss
Gr?sphio Arts
2,500
600
20000
Rwb ss
2,000
. 500
10500
Bums
.RR Firein
496,000
93,500
1160500
13-000
236000
M33-a
SLCRET
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
TADIL 1.0
COIiTROIL ACM SOME ESTIUA 0
MBOR STBIId!TI1 PVR 1949
Or a~tiszttidn
Tot ma Coate Soo
Rad Cone Do= Pal
CGT
Trade 0
Prim-to eiployeam
1150000
100
t.fia rs
550000
Govor=nt amploycoa
670000
12
70
Soe 'Govto employees
40$000
15
20
60
6
1't 'iccsuultural 't rkers
Co struotl on vao rla
40,0000
40
10
10
30
Railroad corkers
300000
30
60
20
Textile wori ra
15
85
lbspitalea eta*
158000
10
80
10
thnioipal. vrorls9ro
280O0
100
bet-lalurrioa1 morloers
11.9000
70
30
Leap - vo rkez'a
i this C: Poz?b makers
200000
60
50
*r
120000
35
66
Gas Elootz io4Telegph
60
40
Buis drivers 0 aonduator
8x500
40
40
20
BonYc e*1oy009
25.0500
10
90
Fialaerx n
Clmiists & pllsts
10,0000
25
16
60
Worm ?
18000
40
60
Prim.
Strdtear operators
30000
60
40
Teafalzears
Pos":s & Te1o ph
F1ou .' M11 workers
15,5000
56
10
35
Wimries
Hotola Bare
TWO. drivers
Paa=~-z vz rkern
Brmiery workers
Vonalir
Graphic Arts
Berk
Imes
Dairy workars
RR Pirav n
4750000
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
3 08m'
DALUM ESTIPJATE OF TABOR STRENGTH PM
1960
2M:Lsatf n
Est
Tout
Com
S
Other
Private employees
1160000
116,000
Maws
650000
60000
100000
60,000
Gov wmatarnt aea=tplogeel
550000
65,0000
Seat-Gov , er p1or r es
40000
50000
300000
50000
A au to a1 workers
38,000
80000
10,000
150000
50000
Con. ion morI rc
35,000
5,000
6,000
20,000
50000
Raj*troaaad trorkars
300000
58000
50000
209000
Textile wrlDrs
30,9000
50000
10,0000
108000
50000
Ita~tpi tele, eta0
180000
10000
168000
20000
L ini eipel tgorkera
168000
108000
58000
L;otalurgiaa1 mrl1re
168000
108000
50000
Loather morkerata
108000
1,000
- 1,000
2,000
.60000
rarlt E6 Port vmrla
10,000
20000
6,000
20000
L=INW
10,000
19000
8,000
10000
(ko-Faeotria.-Telegraph
9,000
40000
2,9000
30000
am drivers & oonduatoraa
80000
60000
12000
18000
Da.nlc aployoei
80000
8,000
Plabumn
8,6000
50000
2,000
1,000
Chs mots 4 Pizataaiaats
7,0000
3,000
20000
2,000
Bakseras
6,000
20000
5,000
1,000
Printers
6,000
20000
48000
streetcar opermtwo
50000
10000
, 4?000
Teachm
50000
60000
Pouts & Telegraph
5,000
40000
14,000
Flour .L111 *arloer1&
40000
10000
3,000
Winerleaa
4,0000
1,000
3,0000
iotelaa & Big"
30500
600
30000
Teti drivers
3,000
2,000
500
600
Pastry trorkarrn
3,000
2,000
Goo
600
Brasery 7orbers
30000
600
600
2,000
Vorders
8,000
1,500
500.
10000
Gz e.phio Arts
20000
500
1.600
Barberm
10500
500
1,000
Rursen
1,600
18600
Dairy do ricers
10500
10500
R8 Firemn
It AV1
i_llfi
5848000
76,500
1128000
568,000
27,600
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
UIICYASSIPIm
CMM PRODUCTIOI. AIID TIORI,D PRODUCTION OF =IE COPPER
1930-1949
(L't wia Torah)
-Yew
Chit
Z7orld
Chile d as went
of world's prodo
IMF'-'i~l~f1111~11r~i/ ~
Y Yiflil 1~1~1~
19=30
220000
106060000
1931
228,0000
1,0403x000
16
1932
103,0000
909x000
11
1933
163,00O0
10045 ,000
16
4934
257,0000
lo284m088
20
1938
2670030
104960000
1s
1936
2569000
1s726900O
18
4937
4130000
29329,9000
18
1038
2 000
2g063Q000
17
1939
3391000
29192,00O0
16
1940
3529000
2x439,000
14
'941
4664,000
29634/000
18
1942
48890000
226860000,
in
1943
5090000
207149000
3944
499?000
2,5261000
20
194
4460000
24I41aO.
21
1946
3890000
lp846?000
19
1947
4140000
2,0210000
1948
293210000
949
367030
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
MICLMS fl IED
TLBLIE III
CIIIL &Ii PRODUCTION AUD UORID PRODUCTION OP SLIELTLR COPP1 R
1930-1949
(Lfet c Toes)
Chita
-7orld
r- -
Chile's percent
of wor1cbprod0
rrm ~nasirrr
r is~r -~
r
rrr
rr
1930
208,000
1,574,000
13
1933,
2160000
1,363,000
16
1932
98,000
9488000
10
1935
1573000
130508000
15
1936
248,000
1x3230,000
19
1935
260,000
1,6280000
19
1030
245,000
1,7198000
14
1937
396,9000
2,343,000
17
1938
338,000
2,038,000
17
1939
325,000
2,I75,000
15
1940
337800
2,480,000
14
1941
464,000
2.6350,000
17
1942
478,000
2,766,000
1?
1943
489,000
2,786,000
18
1944
490.000
23584,000
19
1946
"00000
2,186,000
20
1946
352.000
1,850,000
19
1947,
409,000
202610000
i8
1948
426,000
28341,000
18
1949
361.314
37
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
UI~LASSIFIFD
TMB3 IT
=M IS EXPORTS OF RIi FIIID AM BIXSTRR COPPER
w,
tin tbtriG Toes)
United States South Amaric Ewro All Otbw Tots a
1950 69s600
1931 75,306
1932 37,679
1933 19,300
2936 64,730
1935 89,806
1536 60,542
1937 108,828
1938 .67,164
1930 132,805
1940 515,850
1941 45,181
1942 4.689594
1943
1944
443,565
570,608
2x945 397$875
1946
1947
1948
169,243
202,876
278,9258
16 1260485 196400
2 1350431 211,739
2 82a421 1208102
6 1338080 3,0636 156,522
3 14607 5 29,288 239,806
2 144,183 26,166 .259p767
209 163,077 158410 239,,258
10074 249,784 23,663 5838249
1,4 262,366 188345 3498520
905 157v409 11a126 322o246
2,934 23,759 14,4460 557,003
18;,531 16,174 439,886
25,808 494,402
60758 449,323
11,484 4620092
14,554 19,274 431,188
20,604 176,,817 7,350 874,014
280309 151,322 4,758 3870262
9,699 116,629 10,142 414,603
1949 1862575 $254O 60,450 I L429 2569994
III~APr19r IPPIIi~~Qi7b~11Q'~E lAI - ~IituY rniiF ~lv~l'~~i
URCIA,SSIP7I 7
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4 ?
RAILROADS IN CHILE
Tiveni yy-tno percent of the total mileage of rail-nays in Chile is ounod by
British and tNorth American capital (13 British and 9% American), and 3 ,51,
owned by mixed British and Chilean capital. The Chilean state railriays
constitute 50% of the total mileage, and the remaining 25 is made up of roads
owned by private. Chilean capitaal and minor state-owned lines.
There is no uniformity in the management of the federally-.ounod railvaysThe Puento Alto a Volcan Railroad is operated by the ;;Iar Department; the
Forrocarril Longitudinal Porte, geographically a part of the Antofagasta-
Bolivia Railroad, has long been run by a British Company; and the Arica-La
Paz Railroad is under the administration of the Ijinietro.do Fonento, Seccion
Ferrocarriles. The mat important of the foderally-o%lned lines, ' the
Ferroc^arril del Estado, has two main branches, north and south, and 3o oral.
minor branches. All are under the namo. nt of an autonomous system,, La
Empresa de. los Ferrocaxriloo del Estado,
Almst all the railroads are steam-operated; only five roads have
electrified track, and,, except for the Valparaiso~Santiago line of the state
railr aya, most of the latter belong to foreign-owned mining railroads.
Gages are as follows:
l,O(i0 motor.
383-3/8"
31
1.676 "
506"
8
1.435 "
08-1/2"
6
1.067
3161,
4
0.762
3
0.60 " .
21
THE CHILEAN STATE RAILtAYS
The Red Central Norte of the Ferrocriles del ietado is a neder-ga:e,
single tract.: steam road runninc from Chanaral in the northern Province of
Atacama 1,061 kilometers south to Calera Just north of Valparaiso. Its
branches total 489 kilometers, and sidings total 122 kilometers. 'In 1940,
the lino took over the 39 ki.lometor San Pedre-Quintoro Railway,
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/05: CIA-RDP78-01617AO01100040001-4
SECRET
Southern Line
. The Red Central Sur of the Ferroearriles del Estado runs from Valparaiso
through Santiago, southruard to Puerto i `ontt in the Province of Llanquihue, a
total route distance. of 3265 I;ilometerso Con nocted uith this trunk are
numerous branches totaling 1,079 kilometers, iihich link the central, valley
with coastal ports, Sidings to the amount of 750 kilometers and 197 kilometers
of do,phl o traclt. bring the total track length to 4,091 kilometers, The Val-
paraiso-Santiago section of the main line, together with its branch to Los Andes
on the ' sandean Railway, is noiu electrified; the Santiago-San Antonio is also
electrified (in I ?rogreas in 1942).
OTTER GOVERNMENT RAILiIAYS
The Arioa-La Paz RR&,.wa
The Ferroearril Arica a La Paz is a met-gage steamy railroad running
from the port of Arica in Tarapaca to C` na on the Bolivian border,. where
it joins the La Paz section. It has one brach to El L9olina, In Chile, the
total route length is 207 kilometers, and the total Chilean trackage 1s 233
kilometers. The 'Bolivian section of the road is 241 k lometorsa At kilo-
meter 165, the Arica-La Paz meets the Villa Induetrial-Tacora Railroad,
Theue-Pintados Railpa
The Ferroc arril Iquique a Pintados, a peter-gage steam rail-way, runs
from the port of Iquique inland to Pintados, a distance of 129 kilometers,
Branches bring the total route length to 211 kilometers, and the track length
is 252 kilometers. At Iquique, it meta the Nitrate Railways Company, Ltd,
and at Fintados it meets both the Nitrate and the Chilean Northern Rail-mays,
The Puente Alto-.Volc n RailM,
The Ferrocarril Puente Alto a Volcan is a singlotrack steam railnay of
0,60 mater gage running from Puento Alto in the Province of Santiago 62 kilo..
meters eaatts to Volcan. At its western terminal it connects Pith the
Llano rraip6 Railway. The total. trackage of the Puente Alto-Volcan Railway is
67 kilometers
PRIVATELY--93M RAILROADS
The Nitrate Raiirravs Cornpat,
'his Forrocarril Salitrere do Tarapaca is a British concern serving the
nitrate areas of the southern half of the Province of Tarapaca. It connects
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the ports of Pisagua and Iquique, at the latter point 1meting the Iquique..
Pintados Railray and at Pintados joining both the Iquique-IPintados and the
Chilean Northern RaUnays, (In 1942, the Chilean Government was considering,
the aequiuition of this railwty and from an item in the press in June 1918,
may have done so,)
This railway is steam operated and of 1.435 meter rare. Since it is the
only cocoon carrier in Chile using this ga;:e,, this company's equipment cannot
operate on the lines of the railroads with vthich it connects, In 1938,, the
total route length of the railray vm 622 kilometers, but only 131 Ii,Ionaters
were in service. Although it is a single-tracked roads sidings and -ax d
tracks brim the total trackage to 719 kilometers. The min line runs fry.
Iquique to Pisagua, with a branch to Pintadoe and Laguna.
In 19399 the Chilean state railiays uere authorized to take over operation
of the Iquiquo-La I1oria section, rhich had previously b3en operated by a 75.
year concession. In 1936 this concession expired, but In 1940 (and perhaps
later), reports of the Nitrate Rt iltiay still included the Iquique-La Iloria
section.
The Taltal Railtsay Cosipany. Limited.
The Ferrocarril Taltal a Cachirtal is a British-ouncd corrta.n carrier,
located in the southern part of t ho Province of .Antofagasta in the northern
Chilean desert, Government statistics and company figux.30 as to route length
differ, The Company reported a length of 257 kilometert and branches of 109
kilometers, It is a mingle-tracks 1.067 meter gage stet n railway. It runs
from Taltal across the Chilean Northern Railway at Catalina to Cachinal; the
termini of its two main branchs are Santa Luisa and J.A, Moreno, respectively.
Spurs -lead to Tricolor, Britannia, for do Ch31.e, Bal le a, Guysel a, Lnutarao,
Alianza, Sal.initas, and Alemania.
The Tocanilla-Toro R,ai.l.uay,
a~~ rs.r~..rrrr.v..o
The Forroearril Tocopilla a Toco was built by the Arlo-Chilean Ilitrate
and Railray Company, and was acquired in 1924 by the Ang o.Chilean Consolidated
Nitrate Corporation, a Guggenheim concern, The railway urovidee transportation
to the coast for the nitrate plants lying in the central valley of the Province
of Antofagasta. It operates in conjunction with this cote tiny lines of the two
large oficinas, Laria Elena and Pedro do Valdivia. In acbiition it is prepared
to serve a number of smeller salitreras such as Sap. Andres, Iberia, Grutas,,
Prosperidsds Rica Aventura; Buena Esperanza, Goya,, vnd Vergara. It runs from.
the Port of Tocopilla up? the coastal mturtain ramie to Barriles and east to
W. Ti e, tiara it splits, one line extending nortls3ant to the Ofieina San Andres
and the other southeast to the Oficina Pedro do iTal.divia.
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The railway is a single-track line of 1.067 meters gage and ha3 tour
prinoipo3. sections, totaling 245 kilorietors. The first section from
Tocopilla through to Pedro de Valdivia is 117 Idlonstors long, the El
TigreiToco section in 48 Idlometers, the Toco-San Andrew's section is 29 kilo-
maters., and the Toco-Oticina J. F.. Vergara section is 51 Idlonoters longs
bringing the total trackage to 293 Idlornters,
The MU M.
The Fbrrocatril Mineral de Chuquicannata ryas opened by the Chile
Exploration Co mny in 1914. It connects pith the Antofagasta (Chile) and
Bolivia Rail ,y Company, Ltd., wshich handles all incoz4ng and outgoing
material for Chuquicacata through the port of Antofagasta,
The.railway has a total route length of 51 kilometers and a track length
of 59 kilometers, Although the gage is 1.435 meters, the plant railway is
equipped wtith a ti-drd rail to accomodate the rolling stock of the rater ,gage
Antofagasta-.Bolivia Railroad,
The U egulus-T nie tte Rail. r.
The Ferrocarril Rancagua a Toniente is ocaned and operated by the Braden
Copper Company and runs from Eancagua, a station on the Chilean state rai1vay#,
72 kilometers to Seiiel1, In addition to the resin line., there are some 5 kilo..
meters of branchs, 3 kilometers of sidings and spurs, and 23 kilometers of yard
track. This railroad is of 0.762 mater gage, is single tracked, and is steam
operated.
The Pueblo Ilundido.-Potrerillos Railnay.
The Farrocarril Pueblo Hundido a Potreriitoa is owned and operated by the
Andes Copper Mining Company and runs from Pueblo Hundido, the junction of the
Longitudinal RaitvaaW and the Northern Line of - the state railway, 99 kilometers
east to Potrerillos;. an additional 60 kilometers belonging to the Northern Line
are operated by the mine railwaay in order to get to the port of Chanaral. There
are eight kilometers of sidings, The line is of meter gage and-is steam operated,
The, Cruz Grande-Togo Railiav.
The Farrocarril Eld'otrico Cruz Grande a Tofo is an industrial line built,
owed, and operated by the Bethlehcaa Chile Iron Nines Company, a subsidiary of
the Betblohem Steel Corapatyr. It is an electrified line running from the port
of Cruz Grande in the Province of Coquimbo, 25 kilometers to the iron ore
deposit at, Tofo. Except for 2 kilometers of doublo trade, the entire road is
SEC M
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single tracked, and with sidingss its total trackage is 30 Idlometers. The
Sage cif the line is 1.435 meters.
The iln illanGo-ltuna Loreto Rail. vo
The Ferrocarril I igalluanes a Liana Loreto is o fined and operated by private
Chilean capital, The total route length of this rater-gaffe road is six kilometers,
and its trackage is eight kilometers.
The C, onconcion~Curat~ilah~..R~h.,. .
The Ferrocarril ConcepeAn a Curanilahue is- privately otined by Chilean
capital. It runs from the city of Concapci6'n, a station of the southern line
of the Chilean state railways, south and mat to Curanilahue, The total route
length is 99 kilometers and the trackage is 127 kilometers, Traction is by
steam, and the gage'is 1.676 meters,
The Villa Industrial~ T acorR 31i,
The Ferrocarril Villa Industrial a Tacora Has built by a Chilean corporation,
and the concession for its operation belongs to the Cia. Azufrera Nacional. The
line runs from Ltount Tacora in the Province of Tarapaca, 24 kilometers south to
meet the Arica-La Paz Rai-way at kiloetor 165. Its total trackage consists of
25 kilometers of 0.762 rioter-gage single steam track.
The Antof.aota CQ=Ae an Bolivia QMaty Limited,
0
This name is applied to the railroad lino belonging to the conpatW of the
same nano and operating botueen Antofagasta and La Paz, Bolivia, This British
corporation also operates the Caleta Coloso-Aguas Blancas Railuy and the
federally-owned Northern Longitudinal Railway betuoen Pintados and Pueblo IIundidoo
The ono company oms and opordtos both the Bolivian and Chilean sections of this
railroad, the line is hold in perpetuity and there is no option of government
fie. The lino runs from Antofagasta to La Paz, the rain branches operate
betrieen Ollague and Puente Alto, Rio L zlato and Potosi, and Oruro and Coohabanba.
Minor branches run from Antofagasta to IIejillones and from O'Higgins to Cerro
Negro, Nueva, and Augusta Victoria. The main line in Chile comprises 4.44 kilometers
and branches account for an additional 334 kilometers, giving a total of 828
kilometers, Of this total, 809 kilometers are single-track and the renaming
19 kilometers are double-track. The Bolivian section is 1,202 Idlor eters long,
including branches owed by the Bolivia Rai,lyy Company, and operated by the
Antofagasta-,,Bolivia. No part of the line is electrified. The gage is 1,0 meter,,
but 21 kilapsters are equipped iith a third rail to accommodate 0,762 meter gage
rolling stack,
43
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The Caleta COIOShA ..s Blancaa M& WO
The Ferrocarril Calota Coloso a Aguas fiancee is owned and wed by the
Antofagasta and Bolivia I'dltigp Corps., It rune from Caleta Calosov just
belon the city of Antofagasta to Aguas Blancas on the Longitudinal Railway,
The total route length, including branches, is 254 kilomaters, and the total
trackage is 273 Idloraetors. The gage is 0.762. Haters, and traction is by steam,
The Llano 29 IZLi ,
The Ferrocarril Liano de tipo is ounod by private Chilean capital,
Originally constructed for steam, it lime been electrified. It is a meter gage,
line running from Santiago south to Puente Alto just north of the Rio L ipo;
its total length is 22 kilometers, and its trackage is 28 kilometers.
TteAntuco Trat~sandean faibav.
The Ferrocarril. Transandino per Antuco is orned by a. Chilean corporation.
It is a motor age, single-track# steam railway running from Ibnte Aguila on
the southern line of the Chilean state railways to Poicura, Just north of
Antuco. Its total route length is 76 kilometers, and its trackage totals 80
13lometers,
The San kartin Transandean R, ay.
The Ferrocarril Transandion. per San Llartin runs from Los Lagos, on the
southern line of the state railways 40 I.llometere, to We Rinihue. It is a
meter-gage,, single-trackced; steam railway with a total trackage of 43 kilometers.
The Antofagrwasta?Salta Railna
w. .rra~+rwww....~.w.~
The-Ferrocarril Antofagasta-Salta runs from the port of Antofagasta in
Chile to the island city of Salta in Argentina and was constructed by the
governments of the two countries. The Chilean portion of the line is approxxr tely
330 kilcmetors and trill be operated under a provisional contract with the
Antofagasta,-Bolivia Railuaya
LABOR UNIONS RAILROAD Y)RK
There is no exact determination possible in Washington of either the
strength of labor unions (mem)ership} or the number of Communists in that
membership.
In ).947,.a Comunist estivate of . labor strength assigned a total s ber-
ship of 2., 10 to organized railroad labor unions ovor which the Comma iate
claimed complete domination. A 1948 estimate by the US Embassy gave the
total warship as 25,000, of i+hich onir 5,000 were considered Communist-
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dom-d.nated, and the great bulk, 20,,000, were classified as independents A
Controlled Aaerioan Source ostimate in 1949 gave 30,000 as the total rrabor~.
ship, of tihich 30 percent were considered under Comi!unist damnation, 50
percent under Socialist dom natiion, and 20 percent under Radical Party loader-
ship.
From these var mg figures, it is estimtod that of the 30,000 organized
railroad worker,, 5,000 are under the domination of the Comnonniist CTCH; the
saran number are affiliated rlith the Social: st CTCH, and the bulk of the rail-
road rorkera, 20,000, remain. independent of political affiliation?
Tweurtq acts of sabotage on the north and south lines of the state railways
were coraaittod in Ibx 1946, and a number of 0amnnista uero -arrested who
allegedly confessed to the perpetration of those acts..
After passage of the Defense of Dor oracy Lair, and under the Special
Powers Act, 300 Communists Mere dismissed from the state railways on 1 April
1948, and it was reported that from that date onrard, a total of 3,500 workers
were dismissed from the state rai via , allegedly for economic reasons, but
really in an effort to week out 0o st (ni.14tants) s
Cont m i stn who :sere dismissed from the state railways presented a petition
against the Defense of Democracy Lan to The President in June - 1948, -It use
also reported at this time that the Co mats had asked the branches of the
organization of. railw r uorkera to be on the alert for Instructions and to
present numerous petitions asking for wage increases and other benefits. .
. sA 43
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TM PORTS OP CHILE
Listed below is a brief compilation of~the principal ports of
Chile and, when available? a description of the facilities and their
oanarshipo
9ntofap;Qetm,
Terminal facilities are practically non-existent so far as for-'
oign vessels are concerned. The port works has berths for nine
teals alongside the combined breakoater, pier and dock, but thcr
area usually reserved for Chilean cabotage vessels. Loading and un-
loading is doe with ship's gear and electric cranes on the break-
wtere .
The following companies own their own piers (small steel
- struotures) a
Grace y Cia
Lautaro Jlitrate Cozapany
Antotagae s and Bolivia Rail=
Pacific Steen ilaxvigation
San Antonio,
The bey at San Antonio is divided into two parts by a concrete
mDlco Loading and unloading is done by ship's gear an the lighters
Electric cranes we available at berthing spaced All port facilities
and cranes are govor nt aced and are operated by the Port Authority,
Grace Line, Braden Copper, and test India have nose facilities for
their mm storm and administrative use, but not for loading or un?
loading0.
Africa.
There are no docking facilities here for large vessola3 an cargo
is_ loaded and unloaded by'use of ship*s gear and lighterso There are
two piers (both mmall) a one for cargo and the other for passenger*s.
The large cargo piers of concrete and steel construction, has rail-
road facilities and is owned by the goverim?nto It has six oranes?
thz of which are electric, and three are steam operated.
Grace and Company have lighters in the port, and apparently all
lighters ark owned by private companies fl There is no informtion as
to ownership of the passenger pier,
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Cha`anra3.
A tar proportion of the populace are worlmrs and o rs of
Coacaznist-dominated labor union. There are no facilities for dock-
ing of large unseals; all loading and unloading must be dono.by use
of ship's gear and lighters. Thero is a small steel pier owned by
the government. Grace and Company has toonty lighters.
A large proportion of the populace are workers and members of
Coastasanistadominated labor unions. There are no facilities for dock-
ing of. large vessels; all loading and unloading, must be done by use
of ship's gear and lighters. The Andes Copper Cody has a concrete
and steel pier with railroad facilities.
Corral.
There are no dooking faoilitiess cargo zmust, be pork d through use
of ship's gear and lighter. Th iea is one m ,,,U pier for passereer landin99
453xbers are maned by privato coi pe Mao.
There are five mall piers used for the loading and discharging
of lighters.
1. -owned by Forrooarril S alitroro
1 ocaaod by Gibbsss. i~i.lli.a> on Dtd.f, reprosonting the
International Petroleum Compaz
3 ?. CA S clitrera do Tarepaca y Anto fagas,ta
Lighters are owned by the Chilean Port Admini trationa Gibbs,
Williamson., Ltd., Cia Sud-Arnerio* na .do Vapores, Cia S a itreraa Astoreea
y Urru icoooha, and Grace y Cie.
Talc~u hus,
There are no large docks or wharves; cargo saint be 7orbad by ship a s
gear end lighters. There are thmreo goverment and thirteen privately-
-o ned rlarehousaeu.
There are, small piers as. follom
3 owned by Grace y Cie
S orsnod by -7illieneon, Dalfour
4 =nod by Chilean Port iu iuistration
7 owned by small private cox paniese
The Chilean ilavy has facilities harp including whamso aranes?
and sbopSo 7
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T`Y ltml o
Fiscal Ible
US Salitrera Tarapaaa, 1t~.tofagasta Imes
Alfredo Cordero Lisle
Railway Ible (Taltal Railroad)
Lautctro nitrate Coapoy T?oloe
Theprivato companies orris the lighters they use. The captain
of the port has authority over all the bay and the immediate beach
area.
Taloalni=e
till active moles are really. under Amorioaxi or British management.
There are 93 lighters, 8 odd by Ci'a U iriera do Tocopilla0 and the
balance ovnned by Anglo?Chilean. Uitrato Company, which also 4 tug
boats.
Possible piers areU
5 o Anglo hiiean Ilitrate Cow (includes ?'Roily ay ible" )
1 -.Lkwicipality+of Talcahuano
2 - Sloman
CSIC CST y A
1 Ca l inora do Tocopilla
3, ft Chile Exploration Company.
All cargo is handled by ship's gear and lighters. Ilitrate is
loaded onto lighters by chutes.
Yal~ara~s?e
The port of Valparaiso is protected by an artificial broalamter,
Berthing facilities within .the artificial port consist of ono 750-foot
pier . and a marginal wharf 3180 foot ioxs TIo fort, with an along
lido depth of 36 foetm is used by oaastal vessels. and the latter, with
30 Loot of rater alongaideo is used by ocean-going vessels. Ono mile
oast of the artificial port is a 660-foot concrete piers formerly used
for coal for the state rail=ye but n= ,used for (;oneral cargo. Beyond
this is a small mole for inflammables, All facilities are operated by
the Port Administrationn
LIiBOR UUIOIPS LIARXTILE AND PORT WORMERS
There is no eat detormination possible in jiashingtoia of either
the strength of labor unions (nsmbership) or the nu ibex of Conmvnists
in that bers'hip,
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A 1.947 Coraraznist estirmte of labor strength assigned a total
'i erahip of 10@372 to organised maritime and port workers' labor
unions, of vrhioh the Comma cts claimed 7,544, the Socialist CTCh
1,034, and others 1,994. A 1948 eatimmxte by the US Embassy gave
the total membership as 10&000, of which 4&000 were considered
Co istadordxmted and the rox airing 6,000 were classified as
Socialist, A Controlled Aii rioan Source estimate in 1949 gave
20,000 as the total menborehip, of which 50 percent were considered
under Com?aniat domination and 50 percent under Socialist leader.
SUN
.Fran these varying figures, it is estimated that of that 109000
orga4sed r ritim and port vorkera, 29000 are under the domination
of the Cosritmiat CTCh, 60000 am. affiliated with the Socialist CTGh,
and 2?000 ra:amin independent of political affiliation.
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CHILE. fl1 IGl ATION POLICY
Apparently, the Chilean Government has not adopted a firm policy
t=vxds iraaigration. From all available informations, it appears that
individual cases of 3iigration of single persons or groups of persons
are decided upon by the merits of each case.. Instances are reported
wherein groups of peoplo of a certain nationality are permitted to
imacsigrato to Chile in one case and denied such. permission in.a similar
canes.
Chile bass never attracted a large im igraation. Only 2#851
nataaralisation papers were granted from 1800 to 1926. Of those natu-
ralized during that period, the Germans were the largest number with
722, Spaniards second with 382, and Peruvians third with 365, The
s al rain in irmigration from 1921 to 1328 vas slightly undor I per-
aonto During 1936480 the not immigration was around 3,000! anauue117o
Germne comprised the 'largest proportion of i=igrents aftc* World tzar la
The number of foreign born in the 1930 comas cros as follows s
Spaniards
23,349
Itaaliens
11,070
Germaura s \
10,861 (Conflicting source states.30,000
Bolivians
10?366
szith 100,000 of Gorman desoont)
Argentines
70048
Peruvians
6,223
EncU st
5,292
French
50007
United States
20078
'rlhi1o the majority of Chileans W o of I5'uropoaan, chiefly Spanish
and ?1)cequo origin, there is a considerable infusion: of Indian blood,
especially in th laboring clam. British,, Irish, Germans, and othasr
Uuropean. national .ties have oixod with the largely Spanish upper aid
middle *lasses*
Chile apparently follows the Intornationaal Refugee Organisation
procedure0 In August 19480 747 displaced persons oama to Chile, 156
of scion ware listed as of Russian or Ulcra niaan nationaaality. In August
1949, 484. irm Gra nts, of when 30 were Russian or Ukraniaan, were ad.
mittad to Chile. Chile, however, rofusad entry to 2,000 vihite Russian
refugeoc in September 1949. In 1b y 1050, Chile aaamounced that 20000
red ,goca, principally Italians. and Austrians, and comes Germans, would
be admittod.
,. 50?
SLVi.~.C/A-
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P"sent Poationo
In the last ten years, the population of Chile has increased by
740,000 persons, to a total of 5,7G4,650m It is inteirestinG to note
that there has booze a definite pat; ern in this graath; the pities of
Santiago, Valparaiso, and Antofagasta have grown vhilo most other
cities have diminished in pope ationo
Of the 25 Chilean provinces (states) $ 1 (Llanquihue) had praotia
wally no change in population, 7 decreased in populations and 17 in.-
creased in populations Of the p.7 provinces Which increased, 4
(Gonoepoibn, Santiago, Velpa raicom and Antofagasta) wore responsible
ib aln et the entire increase, The Province of Santiago increasaed by
672&566 persons to a total population of 1,8410071, or 27,5 percent
of be total population of Chile, an increase of 30,000 greater then
al the births in Chile during the ton years 100 to 1960, Ve1parWso
Prorlwe Increased 97,578 to 5228643; Conoepeion increased 57,578; and
An i'agaata increased 43,455.
The provinces vhioh decreased, and the a n unt, wore1Ataoans,
8a , Cocptinboa 9,000; Acgnoa aa, 4,5003 L7aule, 7a,000; fiublta& 22,0O0z
Ceut 53,000; and Chiloea. 5100000
It is forther noted that within the provineepa the rural arm
dean ed in favor of an increase in the mining and industrial citiosm
51.a
3LCR
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MAP ANALYSTS OTC VITAL FACILITIES OF TIRES
C{)PPER =JIM AREAS IN CHILE
The Chile Exploration Company, the Andes Copper Liming Company, and the
Braden Copper Company are Chilean copper mining companies that are subsidiaries
of US fisxra - the first two of the Anaconda Copper !!fining Company and the
last of the Kennecott Copper Company, In addition to the mining and processing
areas, t:.T operation of each of these companies requires the use of the land
bet,oen the mina and the port from which the copper is shipped. The area with-
in which each compatr operates is outlined on the map entitled Northern Chile:
Roads and Railroads (Bap 11473). For each area outlined, a separate nap gives
the ocat n of the mine, its transportation facilities, water supply, power
lints, and other important installations. To provide greater detail,, insets on
each map show at larger scale those areas in which vital installations are con-
contratod. Accessory installations,, such as repair shops, storage buildings,
and housing facilities, are not, shown on the insets. The data used on the maps
and in the following descriptions vere taken primarily from large-scale maps
available in the CIA h p Division.
Chile 2cplorat3 on Cosaoany Chuauicamata, Chile,
~Mr~~rilrrridlYS r rrr~rG.rrrrrrrro~
The Chile Exploration Company, a subsidiary of the Anaconda Copper )dining
Company, is located at Chuquicanata, in the Province of Antofagasta (see ?Sap
11617),. Chuqui .ata.is about 90 miles east of Tocopi]la, where poser for the
installations of the company is generated, and about 140 miles northeast of
Antofagasta, the. port from which the copper is shipped.
The huquieanata mine is an open-pit mine located north of the town. ter
tanks and five powder magazines are located at the mine, Drainage is provided
by a tunnel that extends from the rdne to a point southeast of Chuquicamata.
Copper oxide ore is hauled by rail from the mine to the processing plant where
copper is recovered, The vital installations at Chuquiaaaata are:
Ore biro;
Primary crusher
Old primary crusher
Gyra~.ory crusher
Old gyratory crusher
Symons crusher
Old Symons crusher
Solution sumps
Leaching vats
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NORTHERN CHILE
ROADS AND RAILROADS
BROAD GAUGE RAILROAD
11nclod.. 1.676 IS, 1.435 m and 1167 m. ni Cm.)
NARROW GAUGE RAILROAD
Onclud.. 1.000 m., 0.762 m and 0.600 m. in Cnn.l
International Boundary
-?-??- Provincial Boundary
B Provincial Capital
SOURCES: 1. BASE-MAO OF THE AMERICAS, ;000,000; Am.nn.n G.o(,.nhn..I
So0.t7 Of N.. Yw., 1944. South SI,nt.
2. CARTAS CAMINERAS RROVINCA.LES, R.1, O.p.rt.nnnt. d. C.mirw.,
Cnne.
MILES
50 100 150 200
KILOMETERS
CONFIDENTIAL
Ar.o of mop No. 11618 I /
?
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Electrolytic plant
Snalter -
3 Power substations
2 water tanks
Crater raclarzation tank
Oil tank
Oil warehouse
Powder magazine
Tailings and slag dumps
Conveyors and railroad
Explosivo storage (beyond linits of inset)
These installations are located on an inset entitled Vital Installations at
Oxide Plant4 Cht~ui~o Only those installations that are ossen iai to
continuins operations are shorin on the inset, The plant at Chuquicamata is en-
closed by a fence, The substation within the area inmodiately to the north of
the electrolytic tank house is enclosed by a wire fences except on the north side.
Copper sulphide ore is also found at Chuquioamata and will be mined and
treated there as soon as the new sulphide plant is completed. The plant uill be
completely surrounded by a fence. The vital installations of this plant iili bet.
Concentrator
3 tailings thickeners
Concentrate beds
Filter plant
Smelter crushing plant
smelter
Powerhouse
Substation
Tranformer
Fuol-oil tanks
Reagent storage
Reservoir
Slag disposal areas
Conveyor and railroads to the installations
After the copper has boon recovered from the ore and has been refined at
Chuquicarnatas it is transported by rail over the British owned Antofagasta (Chile)
and Bolivia Railvay to the port of Antofagasta. This railroad is a meter-gauge,,,
single-track lines wrath sidings and passing tracks at certain stations. On the
line sours of Calama is a plate girder railroad bridge across the Rio Loa,, rthich
is about 20-feet aide at the crossing., There are no railroad connections i,ith
Tocopillao
uhueluicarata is connected by road u1th both Toeopilla and Antofagasta, road
surfaces, unless indicated as paved on the gap,, have a surface of gravel and pampa
material? At Conchi, on the road loading northeast from Chuquicamata toward the
sources of rator for the mine and processing plant, there are tuo mead bridges that
were forrx rly used by the railroad,, The bridge across the Rio Loa is 350 feet a`. ve
the river and 450 feet long; the other, which i s shorter (dinansions not boon,) s
crosses a dry quebrada,
1-53-
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Anto^agasta is the port from which the cop; er is shipped; In addition,
oil for the Chile Exploration Company is transferred from tankers to storage
tanks by means of a subaqueous pipeline 1,600 feet long, The following
installations at Antofagasta (sow Inset) are considered to be vital:
Oil pxViM plant
Pipeline
Docks
Chile Euploration Company property
Poster for the mine and processing plant at Chuquicamata is also generated
at Toeopilla, using oil for fuel, The rated capacity of the plant is 110,000
kiloratta, Power is generated at 5,000 volts and is stepped up to 110,000
volts for transmission to Cluxquicamata. Subsidiary transmission lines continue
from Chuquicar ate to the nine and to the sulphide plant that is being built,
The vital porter installations at Tocopilla (see inset) are:
Powerhouse
Discharge and intake tunnels
Transformer building
Oil tanks
Fire foamite tanks
6 fresh-vater tanks
2 salt- wator tang
A fence encloses the poor plant on the landiard side; no fence separates the
plant from the ocean.
Fresh and salt Hater is transported by stool pipelines to Chuquica?ata from
various sources to the north and east? such as the foothills of Cerro Palpana
and Cerro Polapi, A new pipeline, -which has its intake to the east on the
Rio Salado Chico, is under construction, Nearly all of the pipe has been laid,
including a section running through a tunnel 3,600 feet long. A dam 94 foot
high is being built at the intake,
A telephone line ouned by C3a, Tolefonos de Chile connects Chuquicamata rith
Antofagasta via Calaca, and a company telephone line extends from Chuquicamata
to Tocopilla. Information on telephone linos in not shorn on the map since it
was not available at the tide of coznpilationq
Andes QMM f Potrertttos Chi.].,,
The Andes Copper Lining Company,9 a subsidiary of the Anaconda Copper ?.fining
Canpany, is located at Potrerillon in the Province of Atacama} (see. Jap 11618)
Potrerillos is located about 75 miles east of the port of Bakquito and is connected
with it by a motor-gauge, single-track railroad. .
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The .tome is situated southeast of the tours of Potrorilloc. The ore occurs
in both oxide and sulphide form and is masted underground methods. The
vital installations at the mine site (see - inssett) are t
Mine entrance
San Antonio shaft
Hoist
Auxiliary shaft and hoist
Ventilation fan
dater tanks
Water tank and pump house
Compressor house (vith power substation in building)
The ore is transported from the mine to the processing plant at Fotrerillos
by an electrified meter-gauges singl o -tram railroad, There are four tunnels
along the line, all ofvhich are.12 feet hide and 13 feet high, The tunnels -
together comprise 53 percent of the total length of the railroad, At Potrerilloo,
the ore is treated and the copper. is recovered. Since oxide and sulphide ores
require different treatments for recovering the copper, there are two nntallurgical.
pl nto at Pots-LUoo, The vital installations at the processing plant (see in-
set) area
La Ola reservoir
Fr?osh eater reservoir
Mine reservoir
Coarse crushing plant
Oxide fine crushing plant
Solution sumps
Leaching vats
12 Dorr thickeners
EIectro1 tic tank house
Sulphide fine crushing plant
Reagent storage
3 poster substations (9 transformers in substations adjacent
to elect lybic tank house)
Filter plant
Roaster, plant
Convertor
Powerhouse
Copper casting plant
Reverberatory plant
Cottrell treater
Lix a-crushing plant
Incline railer to Limo Rock Quarry
2 tailing tunnels
Oil and water tanIx scattered throughout the area
Conveyors and railroad to installations
2 slag and 3. tailing disposal,. areas (located beyond limits of inset)
SE CBLT
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This list includes only those installations that are essential to
continuing operation. The substation adjacent to the concentrator at
Potrerillos is enclosed by a fence b
From PotrorMos, the copper (blister and cathode) is transported by rail-
road to the port of 73arquito, The railroad from Pbtrerillos to Pueblo Hundido
is owed and operated by the Andes Copper hiring Company; Lianta is the railroad
repair center, *From Pueblo Ilundido to the port of Barquito, the railroad is
federally *owned. Available information indicates that the oorrpai owned section
of the line has several, bridges and eight culverts, all of which are less than
10 taertere in lengths The section of the company line that extends from
Potrerillos to Lbntandon runs through 12 tunnels, each of which is 13 feet wide
and 17 f64 high, All of the railroads are muter gauge, single--track lines,
Barquito is the port for shipment of copper and the principal power-
generating center for the Potrerillos mine and processing plant. The oil used
for generating electric powder is transferred from tankers to storage tanks by
means of an oil intake line that extends out into the rater from Berquito, The
rated capacity of - the plant is 309000 kilowatts, and current is transmitted to
.Potrerillos at 88,000 volts. The vital installations at Barquito (see inset) aret
Generating station
5 oil storage tanks
Salt-water tank
2 x~restt-crater tanks
Water tank
Wharf
Power is also; generated at the Sifon Bajo and the Lbntandon hydroelectric
plants, using water supplied by the Rio La Ola pipeline. The capacities of
plants are.2A500 kilowatts and 1,800 kilowatts, respectively,. Additional power
in stapled by a. plant at Potrerillos that has two 3,000 kilowatt gone tcrs
operated by waste heat from the smlter,
Water for the two hydroelectric plants, the processing plant, and the mine
is transported by pipelines from sources to the.east and southeast. Only two
dams are knotm to exist along the eater supply lines"- the concrete La Ola Dana,
which is 177 feet wide and 12 feet high, and the Juncal. Dam, 65. feet vide and 4
feet high, The steel pipeline from the Rio La Ola passes though seven tunnels,
each of which is 5 feet high and 4 feet ride. A telephond line along this pipeline
connects with the processing plant.
.
ay Scwell.
Hradec Copier Cum Chile
Braden Copper Company, a subsidiary of the Kennecott Copper Company, is
The
located at Sewell in the Province of OiHiggins (see Map 11616). Sewell is
approximately 80 miles southeast of San Antonio, the port from which the copper
is shipped,
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The z s kno m as 1L Teniento, is located a Little pore than a mile
east of Senell. The copper sulphide oro is mind by underground methods and
is transported froze tho mine to the processing plant at Sewell by an electric
railroad, The vita, installations at Sc ell (see inset) ~:
Coarse ore bin
Crash plant
2 repair shops
2 hoist houses
Fie ore bin
Ccnentrator
'Oil-flotation unit
Reagent storage building
M: ll water supply
oil reconstruction
water tee
Retreatnent plant and tanks
6 acid toners
Acid 'plant and tanks
Rcastor plant
Dorooo filters
Own plant
&Sine house
Eakin repair
Porter substation
Only those installations that are essential to continuing operation are located
on the inset,
The ~e entrance of the railroad is enclosed by '.a wire nosh fence
appro tely 1.5 feet high, All bujZd1n s at Sewoll that are directly connected
with the concentrating of ore are locked, and all important buildings not in
the i to area are enclosed by high wire fences topped with barbed wire,"
From Sewell, the ore$ uhich has been pertly concentrated, is transported by
aerial trai iar to Caletonos, where it is further processed? The vital installations
at Caletones (nee inset) ares
Concentrate storm
Roaster
Oil house
Blast furnace, cottroll and flue
Converter plant
Copper casting plant
2 substation
Tranfornr station
Corp ressor
Switch tower
Machine shop
Tr~*a twin and railroad
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