ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION OF COPPER FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS PURPOSES IN THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC IN 1956

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 5, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: September 3, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
N? 77
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION OF COPPER
FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS PURPOSES
IN THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC IN 1956
CIA/RR 100
3 September 1957
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S -E -R -E -T
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION OF COPPER FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS PURPOSES
IN THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC IN 1956
CIA/RR 100
(ORR Project 46.1722)
CENTRAL -INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
FOREWORD
This report gives an estimate of the amount of copper* used by
the Sino-Soviet Bloc for providing telecommunications facilities in
1956. An apportionment of the facilities (between military and non-
military) for which copper usage is given in this report cannot be
made.
For two reasons, no consideration is given in this report to the
use of aluminum as a substitute for copper for telecommunications
wireline purposes. First) there is no evidence that aluminum is
being or is to be used for telecommunications wirelines in the Sino-
Soviet Bloc. Second, US industry does not use aluminum for this
purpose, because it has higher resistance than copper and because
aluminum joints have not stood up well in practice. This is not to
say, however, that in an emergency in which copper was scarce alumi-
num or some other metal would not be used.
Reusable copper wire recovered from the process of rebuilding,
rerouting, or renewing communications lines of one kind or another
has not been considered in this report.
Some facilities not included in the tabulations and for which
data cannot be reasonably estimated follow:
1. Exclusive facilities of the military and those
of other functional users such as railroads,
shipping, and aviation.
* The grade of copper referred to in this report is that generally
used around the world for electric communications: electrolytic
copper with a purity of 99.9 percent or better.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
2. Mobile telecommunications facilities.
3. Amplifier, repeater, and loading coil facilities.
It. Nonconventional "communications" facilities such
as radar and navigation aids.
5. Conductors and transformers used for bringing
electric power into telecommunications
facilities.
- iv -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Summary and Conclusions
1. Introduction
2. USSR
S-E-C-R-E-T
CONTENTS
3. Communist China
4. European Satellites
Appendix A. Methodology
Appendixes
Page
1
2
3
9
11
19
1.
Tables
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications
Purposes in the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1956
2. Estimated Consumption of Copper for
Purposes in the USSR, 1956
Telecommunications
3. Estimated Consumption of Copper for
Purposes in Communist China, 1956
Telecommunications
it. Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications
Purposes in the European Satellites, 1956
5. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in the USSR, 1950-56
6. Estimated AnnUal Increase in Telephone Subscribers and
in Kilometers of Telephone and Telegraph Wire in
Albania, 1954-56
- v -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
2
5
10
13
20
21
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Page
7. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in Bulgaria, 1949-56 22
8. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in Czechoslovakia, 1948-56 . . 23
9. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in East Germany, 1950-56 . . . 24
10. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in Hungary, 1954-56 25
11. Estimated Increase in Telephone Subscribers and in Kilo-
meters of Telephone and Telegraph Wire in Poland,
1956 26
12. Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Tele-
phone and Telegraph Wire in Rumania, 1951-56 27
- vi -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
CIA/RR 100
(ORE Project 46.1722)
S-E-C-R-E-T
ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION OF cce hE FCR TELECOMMUNICATIONS PURPOSES
IN ME SINO-SOVIET BL CC IN 1956*
Summary and Conclusions
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in the Sino-Soviet Bloc** in 1956 was more than 88,000m metric
tons. xxxx The USSR consumed almost 47,000 tons, Communist China almost
17,000 tons, and the European Satellites almost 26,000 tons. A summary
of the estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications purposes
in the Sino-Soviet Bloc in 1956 is shown in Table 1./
Telecommunications facilities and services in the Sino-Soviet Bloc
requiring copper appear highly inadequate to serve the needs of the
vast areas of the Bloc under either emergency or wartime conditions.
The inadequacy in the European portion of the Bloc is, however, less
severe than elsewhere. Present demands of the military services for
more and better rapid electric communications facilities and services
are extensive. It is estimated that the inadequacies of telecommunica-
tions facilities in the Sino-Soviet Bloc are so great that, at current
rates of expansion and improvement, it will take until 1965 to develop
a modern, automatic system. Should the Bloc elect to introduce a
modern, automatic system by 1960 to meet emergency or wartime conditions,
the annual use of copper for telecommunications purposes would be several
times greater than the 88,000 tons estimated for 1956.
The Soviet Sixth Five Year Plan (1956-60) is far more comprehensive
and ambitious than previous Plans and appears to point toward over-
coming numerous telecommunications vulnerabilities involving increasing
uses of copper. The telecommunications base in Communist China appears
inadequate in terms of geographic coverage and capacity of system.
Present plans emphasize the construction of underground cable and
the extension of telephone wirelines to all hsiens (counties). As the
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report represent
the best judgment of ORB as of 1 July 1957.
** In this report, the area referred to as the Sino-Soviet Bloc
comprises Albania, Bulgaria, Communist China, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, and the USSR.
*** This total has been derived from unrounded data and is not the
sum of the rounded components stated here.
xxxx Tonnages are given in metric tons throughout this report.
Table 1 follows on p. 2.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 1
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the Sino-Soviet Bloc 2/
1956
Metric Tons
Consumption Items
USSR
Communist
China
European
Satellites
Total
Wire-diffusion facilities
2,000
380
350
2,800
Radiobroadcast facilities
2,300
26
420
2)800
Television facilities
3,300
N.A.
220
3,500
Microwave transmitter-re-
ceiver station facilities
27
9
2
38
Cable and wireline facili-
ties
39)000
17,000
25,000
80,000
Total
47,000
17,000
26,000
88,000
a. For detailed computations, see Tables 2, 4, and 5 (pp. 5, 13)
and 20, respectively, below). All data in this report are rounded
to two significant figures. The computations represented in this
table have been made on the basis of unrounded data, and the rounded
totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded
components.
base expands and fast and dependable servies are provided, greater
quantities of copper will be required annually. Telecommunications
facilities in the European Satellites are believed to be adequate
to meet minimal present needs of their respective economies.
1. Introduction.
Telecommunications networks of the USSR 1/* and Communist China
consist Chiefly of open wire and some relatively short cable lines.
- 2 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Open wire and cable, aerial and underground, are used in the European
Satellites. Carrier equipment on many Sino-Soviet Bloc routes per-
mits simultaneous operation of as many as 24 telephone channels. Wire-
line systems in the Bloc are supplemented by a few short microwave
radio relay routes and, in the USSR and Communist China, by extensive
networks of high-frequency, long-range radio communications stations. 2/
These networks appear to be highly inadequate to serve the vast areas
of these countries for control; command; and operational, logistical,
and administrative needs under emergency or wartime conditions. Ade-
quate expansion of them would require large quantities of copper.
The military services at present pose most exacting requirements
for rapid communications facilities, in terms of instantaneous readi-
ness to serve, absolute reliability, adequate number of channels,
adequate capacity for carrying traffic, and security. 2/ It is al-
most certain that, at least in large portions of the Sino-Soviet Bloc,
existing telecommunications facilities and services have not yet met
these requirements.
To introduce a modern automatic telecommunications system, one
capable of handling the, daily increasing traffic load in the Sino-
Soviet Bloc) is a large task. The task is aggravated by the vast-
ness of the areas, the inadequacies of rapid telecommunications fa-
cilities, and the shortage of technical personnel. The USSR may
develop such an automatic system for the Moscow area as early as
1965, Li but the provision of such a system for the remaining parts
of the Bloc may require many more years. Should the Bloc decide to
develop a crash program for the provision of an automatic tele-
communications system to meet emergency or wartime conditions, the
annual rate of copper usage would be several times greater than that
estimated for 1956.
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in the Sino-Soviet Bloc in 1956 was about 88,000 tons. The
following sections of the report give the breakdown of this figure
by area and by end use.*
2. USSR.
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in the USSR in 1956 was about 47,000 tons. The Sixth Five
* Detailed methodology for the computation of wirelines is to be
found in Appendix A, Methodology.
- 3 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Year Plan, which supports the estimated consumption of copper for
1956, is far more comprehensive and ambitious than previous Plans
and appears to point toward overcoming numerous telecommunications
vulnerabilities involving increasing uses of copper. Should the
USSR succeed, in addition, in purchasing high-capacity,* dependable,
and secure telecommunications equipment and facilities outaide the
Sino-Soviet Bloc, the reduction of existing telecommunications vul-
nerabilities will be substantially accelerated.
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in the USSR in 1956, by end use, is shown in Table 2.**
The Soviet Sixth Five Year Plan provides for an estimated capital
investment of 8 billion rubles in telecommunications plant and equip-
ment for its basic civil system.*** 2/ This Plan, far more compre-
hensive and ambitious than previous Plans, seems to indicate a reali-
zation on the part of the USSR of the inadequacies of its present tele-
communications resources. Some of the announced major goals are as
follows:
a. To establish a network of potentially high-capacity trunk-
line telecommunications routes by installing at least 10,000 kilometers (km)
6,200 miles) of microwave radio relay lines and by laying twice as much
underground high-capacity interurban trunkline (including coaxial)
cable as was laid during the Fifth Five Year Plan (1951-55). The
Sixth Five Year Plan figure for interurban trunkline cable is esti-
mated to be 19,000 km (11,800 miles).xxxx g
* High capacity denotes telecommunications cable or radio relay
systems having a capacity of from several hundred to as high as 3,600
telephone circuits. Telephone circuit capacity denotes the number of
telephone conversations which can be carried simultaneously between
two points. Up to 20 two-way telegraph circuits can be derived from
1 telephone circuit. For the transmission of television programs of
acceptable picture quality, capacity equivalent to 450 telephone
channels is required. The same radio relay or coaxial cable facili-
ties which transmit television programs can be diverted to, time-
shared with, or shared by telegraph, telephone, and facsimile ser-
vices, depending upon the total capacity of a specific link.
** Table 2 follows on p. 5.
*** Subject to sharing or commandeering by military and other govern-
ment users.
**** Some of this mileage may cover a project which is reported to be
under way to bury two multiconductor cables from Moscow to Vladivostok.
The Moscow-Novosibirsk portion is reported to become operational in
1957. (Text continues on p. 8.)
- 4 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 2
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the USSR 2/
1956
Metric Tons
Consumption Amount
Wire-diffusion centers 95 V
Wire-diffusion outside cable and wire for loudspeakers 1,900 si
Wire-diffusion loudspeakers 45 di
Radiobroadcast transmitter stations 3 2/
Radiobroadcast receivers 2,300 fi
Television transmitter stations it Ei
Television receivers 3,300 hi
Microwave transmitter-receiver stations 27 li
Coaxial cable 800 1/
Trunkline cable 5,700 hi
Trunkline cable bypassing cities 8,800 li
Wirelines . 23,000 Eli
Total 47,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the
basis of unrounded data,, and the rounded totals here shown will not
always agree with the sum of the rounded components.
b. The. Sixth Five Year Plan (1956-60) calls for the addition of
30,000 wire-diffusion centers. 2/ It is estimated that 6,000 centers
were installed in 1956 and that each used 35 pounds (lbs) of copper. 1_31
c. The Sixth Five Year Plan calls for the addition of 16 million loud-
speakers. 2/ It is estimated that 3.2 million loudspeakers were in-
stalled during 1956. Based on the average usage in a number of instal-
lations, i2i 2 No. 22 A.W.G. (American Wire Gauge) wires, each 100
meters (m long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of
wire, were used per loudspeaker.
d. It is estimated that each of the 3.2 million loudspeakers installed
in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. l/
e. A minimum of 63 FM (frequency modulation), VHF (very high frequency)
radiobroadcasting stations was planned for operation by the end of
1960. 1E/ It is estimated that 12 stations were installed in 1956 and
that each used 500 lbs of copper. 12/
- 5 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 2
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the USSR
1956
(Continued)
f. The Sixth Five Year Plan calls for an increase of 25 million radio-
broadcast receivers. 1/1/ It is estimated that 5 million receivers were
installed in 1956 and that each contained 1 lb of copper. 22/
g. It is estimated that 9 television stations were installed in 1956
and that each used 1,000 lbs of copper. 1?_/
h. The Sixth Five Year Plan increases the number of television re-
ceivers 7.2 million. 11/ It is estimated that 1.44 million television
receivers were installed in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of cop-
per. 1_81
i. At least 10,000 kilometers (km) of microwave radio relay lines are
to be installed under the Sixth Five Year Plan.p/ It is estimated
that 4o microwave stations were installed in 195 and that each uti-
lized 2 regular transmitter and receiver sets and 1 emergency set. It
is estimated that each set used 500 lbs of copper. 22/
j. The Sixth Five Year Plan approximately doubled the length of co-
axial cable routes. El/ The Leningrad-Moscow and Moscow-Khar'kov routes
measure approximately 1,350 km (840 miles). It is estimated that
540 km (336 miles) of coaxial cable were installed in 1956; that the
cable consisted of 6 coaxial tubes, 3 pairs of No. 19 A.W.G. and 4
pairs of No. 22 A.W.G. wire for control circuits, and 21 quads of No. 19
A.W.G. wire for voice frequency circuits; and that it averaged 1 lb of
copper per foot.
k. During 1956, 3,800 km of interurban trunkline cable were to be
installed in the USSR. One cable, estimated to be 540 km long, was
to be coaxial cable. 22/ It is estimated that the remaining 3,260 km
of interurban trunkline cable were installed in 1956 and that the
cable contained one 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. copper cable, with each
conductor weighing 12.8 lbs per kilometer.
50X1
The 50X1
emphasis being given the subject, both in the Bloc and in the US, how-
ever, appears to justify its consideration in this report. There follows
- 6 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 2
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the USSR
1956
(Continued)
a computed estimate of the possible consumption of copper for this
purpose, based upon US analogy.
There are approximately 100 cities in
of 130,000 or more. VI/ It is reasonable
percent of these cities, including the 16
several of the larger cities in the USSR,
the USSR with a population
to assume that at least 20
republic capitals and
were bypassed in 1956.
a method of bypassing Kiev and Moscow, using
several cities within a radius of 25 to 50 km (16 to 31 miles). E2/
Assuming a radius of 25 miles and the use of 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G.
cable (3.9 lbs per 1)000 conductor feet), a total of 8,800 tons of
copper would be required.
m. To determine the quantity of copper used in the USSR for tele-
phone and telegraph wireline purposes in 1956, it is necessary to
determine the annual growth of telephone subscribers, the growth in
kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of
interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire for 1956
(see Appendix A, Table 5, p.20, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an
average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside
wiring and equipment in telephone exchanges. This applied to the
100,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 5, Column A) amounted
to 300 tons of copper.
It is assumed that the 141,000 km of urban telephone wire added
in 1956 (see Table 5) Column D) was No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing
2.89 kilograms (kg) per kilometer. This amounted to approximately
400 tons of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 264,000 km of interurban
and international telephone and telegraph wire added in 1956 (see
Table 5, Columns C and E) was 4-millimeter (mm) solid copper wire
weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad wire
(44 percent copper by weight), weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This
amounted to approximately 22,000 tons of copper. The estimated total
amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in the USSR was 23,000
tons.
- 7 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
b. To increase the capacity and speed of telegraph service
four times through automation and mechanization of operations.
c. To extend phototelegraphic (facsimile) service five
times.
d. To increase the aggregate length of interurban telephone
channels almost 2.5 times compared with 1955. The aggregate length
of such channels connecting Moscow with the Far East and Eastern
Siberia is to be increased more than 7 times, with Western Siberia
and the Urals 5 times, and with the Central Asian republics* 3 times.
The successful completion of the Plan will not only benefit the
civil system but will materially increase telecommunications support
for military and other purposes. Telecommunications resources of the
Sino-Soviet Bloc not normally used by military identities are subject
to military or other high-priority use, and, because of basic in-
adequacies of these resources at present, such use would undoubtedly
take place in a major emergency or war effort.
The USSR-France trade agreement E!gi now in negotiation includes
an attempt to purchase from France sufficient microwave equipment
and facilities to install 1,300 km of radio relay line. These facili-
ties purportedly will be used for relaying television programs. Al-
though the professed usage maybe true, these facilities with the
necessary terminal equipment could handle simultaneously hundreds
(possibly as many as 3,600) of telephone conversations and other tele-
communications services, including telegraph and facsimile. Possible
motives of the USSR in attempting to Obtain this very high-capacity
equipment are as follows:
a. Recognition of the inadequacy of the equipment still being
produced and put into service. A decision may have been reached,
possibly resulting from recent disturbances in the European Satel-
lites, that the currently planned expansions of the Soviet telecom-
munications system could not support an expanded, accelerated economy
for a modern, widescale military action.
* For the purposes of this report, the term Central Asian republics
denotes the Kazakh, Kirgiz, Tadzhik, Turkmen, and Uzbek SSR's.
- 8 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
b. An effort to catch up with Western technological progress,
both in research and development and in manufacture of equipment for
major trunklines, and at the same time to divert its own production
of equipment of more limited capacity to secondary or feeder lines
which must exist to originate the traffic flowing through the trunkline
system.
c. A prototype system to be automatically supplied if the
negotiation should succeed. In addition to saving manpower and time
in research and development, the time-span for acquiring installation,
operation) and maintenance know-how could be significantly shortened.*
3. Communist China.
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in Communist China in 1956 was about 17,000 tons. The tele-
communications base in China appears inadequate in terms of geo-
graphic coverage and system capacity. Present plans emphasize the
construction of underground cable and the extension of telephone
wirelines to all hsiens (approximately 2,000). As the base expands
and fast and dependable services are provided, greater quantities of
copper will be required annunlly A breakdown of the estimated con-
sumption of copper for telecommunications purposes in Communist China
in 1956, by end use, is shown in Table 3.**
The telecommunications plans and accomplishments of Communist
China for 1956 are vague. The First Five Year Plan (1953-57) for
telecommunications was reported nearly fulfilled in 1956, 1 year
ahead of schedule. The need for expansion and improvement of tele-
communications in the Sino-Soviet Bloc is greatest in China, where
the facilities are not only overloaded and obsolete but the inade-
quacies of the base are great in terms of geographic area and capac-
ity of system. Efforts are being made to overcome these conditions
and inadequacies. Emphasis is being placed on the construction of
underground cable, and microwave radio relay facilities are under
development for major long-distance trunklines. The installation
of automatic and semiautomatic telegraph and telephone switching
equipment in communications centers is proceeding. Finpily, tele-
phone wirelines are being extended to all hsiens.
the USSR was negotiating with
Hungary in late 1956 for the procurement of 6 billion rubles worth
of microwave equipment over a 6-year period. 2//
** Table 3 follows on p. 10.
- 9 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 3
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in Communist China LL/
1956
Metric Tons
Consumption Items Amount
Wire-diffusion centers 14 hi
Wire-diffusion outside cable and wire for loudspeakers 360 2/
Wire-diffusion loudspeakers 9 g
Radiobroadcast transmitter stations 3 2/
Radiobroadcast receivers 23 1/
Television transmitter stations N.A.
Television receivers N.A.
Microwave transmitter-receiver stations 9 gi
Coaxial cable N.A.
Trunkline cable N.A.
Trunkline underground cable bypassing cities 2,900 LI/
Wirelines 14,000 1/
Total
17,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the
basis of unrounded data, and the rounded totals here shown will not
always agree with the sum of the rounded components.
b. It is estimated that 900 wire-diffusion centers were installed
in 1956 2?../ and that each used 35 lbs of copper. .22/
c. It is estimated that 625,000 wire-diffusion loudspeakers were
installed in 1956. 30/ Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, foot-
note c, p. 4, above), 2 No. 22 A.W.G. (American Wire Gauge) wires,
each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilo-
meter of wire, were used per loudspeaker.
d. It is estimated that each of the 625,000 wire-diffusion loud-
speakers installed in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 31/
e. It is estimated that 12 radiobroadcast transmitter stations
were installed during 1956 32/ and that each used 500 lbs of cop-
per. 33/
f. It is estimated that 50,000 radiobroadcast receivers were in-
stalled in 1956 34/ and that each contained 1 lb of copper. 12/
g. the use of microwave radio relay facilities 50X1
in China, but specific locations of stations are unknown. China
- 10-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 3
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in Communist China
1956
(Continued)
contracted with East Germany for the delivery of 40 VHF microwave
radio relay stations in 1956 and was currently negotiating for
another type of communications network equipment. .3?../ It is esti-
mated that 4o radio relay stations were installed in 1956 and that
each used 500 lbs of copper.
h. The Chinese appear to be giving consideration to the defense
of their communications system, as are the other Sino-Soviet Bloc
countries. 3.?./ If in 1956, 10 cities were bypassed, assuming a
radius of 25 miles and the use of 100-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. cable
(3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet), a total of 2,900 tons of copper
would be required.
i. China plans to install 700,000 pole-kilometers (430,000 miles)
of telephone lines during 1956-57 in the hsiens. The quota for 1957
was stated to be 40 percent above that for 1956. 39/ It is estimated
that 292,000 km (181,000 miles) of 4-mm copperclad vire were installed
in 1956 and that the copper in the wire weighed 109 lbs per kilometer.
4. European Satellites.
The estimated consumption of copper for telecommunications pur-
poses in the European Satellites in 1956 was 26,000 tons. Tele-
communications facilities of the Satellites are believed to be ade-
quate to meet minimal present needs of their respective economies.
A breakdown of the estimated consumption of copper for telecommunica-
tions purposes in the European Satellites in 1956, by country and by
end use, is shown in Table 4.*
* Table 4 follows on p. 13.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Plans of the European Satellites, although not specific, call for
the improvement and modernization of telecommunications facilities.
The capacity of long-distance trunklines is to be increased in
Hungary, Poland, and Rumania by the use of microwave radio relay
facilities and in Czechoslovakia by the use of coaxial cable facili-
ties. With the exception of Albania, all of the Satellites are ex-
pected to have television service by 1960.
- 12 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 14
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the European Satellites 2.1
1956
Pounds
Total.
Consumption Items
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
%land
Rumania
I)
Wire-diffusion centers
20W
9,b00 s/
N.A.
N.A.
18,0004/
110,000 2/
3,500f/
624
Wire-diffusion outside
cable and wire for loud-
speakers
1,300 I/
95,000 h/
38,000 1/
N.A.
12,000 1/
31o,000 h/
150,000 1/
270
Wire-diffusion loudspeakers
31W
2,300W
92409/
N.A.
2802/
7,5009/
3,8??d
7
Radiobroadcast transmitter
stations
500 1/
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
500 2/
5009/
N.A.
1
Radiobroadcast receivers
1,000 //
20,000 Le/
100,000 y/
280,000 y/
190,000 A/
250,000 99/
90,000 9h/
h20
Television transmitting
stations
N.A.
l,000&
2,000 dd/
2,000 el/
1,000 ///
2,000 88/
1,000 22/
4
Television receivers
N.A.
1,500 11/
190,000 LW
280,000 hw
3,000 II/
15,000 2.2/
500 0/
220
Microwave transmitter-
receiver stations
N.A. S
N.A. 22/
N.A. 22/
N.A. 22/
N.A. 22/
3,500 22/
N.A. 22/
2
Coaxial cable
N.A.
N.A.
N.A. 22/
N.A. 23/
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Trunkline cable II/
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Trunkline underground cable
bypassing cities
970,000IS
970,000 II/
1,900,000 22/
2,900,000 22/
1,900,000 yy/
6,800,000 AA/
2,900,000 22/
8,400
Wirelines
68,000 AA/
5,930,000 999/
13,000,000 hhh/
6,100,000 999/
7,800,000 444/
2,700,000 IS
2,100,000 Iff/
17,000
Total
1,000,000
7,000,000
15,000,000
9,600,000
55900,000
10,000,000
5,200,0046
26,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of =rounded data, and the rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum
of the rounded components.
b. Redlofication of 12 villages in Albania was reported in 1956. /t is estimated that each vire-diffusion center in these villages used 35 lbs of copper. Lid/
-171
C. It is estimated that 270 wire-diffusion centers were installed in Bulgaria in 1956 and that each used 35 146 of 60110cf. 41
d. It is estimated that 500 wire-diffUsion centers were installed in Ehnigary in 1956 and that each used 35 lbs of copper. 62
e. It is estimated that 3,160 wire-diffusion centers were installed in Poland in 1956 and that each used 35 lbs of copper. _I/
f. It is estimated that a minim= of 100 wire-diffusion centers was installed in Rumania in 1956. This estimate was derived by using the reported number of
centers in operation and number of subscribers in 1955 and the estimated number of loudspeakers added in 1956 (see footnote 1). It is estimated that each center
used 35 lbs of copper. SI
g. It is estimated that the increase of 1,000 loudspeakers In 1955 was repeated In 1956. Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote c, p. 5, above), 2 No. 22
A.W.C. (American Wire Gauge) wires, each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs Of copper per kilometer of vire, were used per loudspeaker. .122/
- 13 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Table 4
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the European Satellites
1956
(Continued)
h. It is estimated that 74,000 loudspeakers were installed in Bulgaria in 1956. Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote 0, 2 Co. 22 A.W.G.
wires, each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of wire, were used per loudspeaker. L4y
i. It is estimated that 30,000 wire-diffusion loudspeakers were installed in Czechoslovakia in 1956. Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote c),
2 No. 22 A.W.G. wires, each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of wire, were used per loudspeaker. .4//
j. It is estimated that the increase of 9,000 loudspeakers in Hungary in 1955 was repeated in 1956. Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote c),
2 No. 22 A.W.G. wires, each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of wire, were used per loudspeaker. Lily
k. It is estimated that 240,000 wire-diffusion loudspeakers were installed in Poland in 1956. This is 20 percent of the planned increase for 1956-60. Based on
Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote c), 2 No. 22 A.W.G. wires, each 100 meters long and each containing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of wire,
were used per loudspeaker. 1.42/
1. It is estimated that 120,000 wire-diffusion loudspeakers were installed in Rumania in 1956. This estimate was extrapolated from the estimated number of loud-
speakers in use in mid-1954 and 1955. Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote c), 2 No. 22 A.W.G. wires, each 100 meters long and each contain-
ing 6.39 lbs of copper per kilometer of wire, were used per loudspeaker. 50
m. It is estimated that each of the 1,000 loudspeakers installed in Albania in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 51/
n. It is estimated that each of the 74,000 loudspeakers installed in Bulgaria in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 52/
o. It is estimated that each of the 30,000 loudspeakers installed in Czechoslovakia in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 53/
p. It is estimated that each of the 9,000 loudspeakers installed in Hungary in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 511/
q. /t is estimated that each of the 240,000 loudspeakers installed in Poland in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 55/
r. It is estimated that each of the 120,000 loudspeakers installed in Rumania in 1956 contained one-half ounce of copper. 5y
s. It is estimated that 1 radiobroadcast transmitter station was installed in Albania in 1956 and that it used 500 lbs of copper. 57/
t. It is estimated that 1 radiobroadcast transmitter station was installed in Hungary in 1956 and that it used 500 lbs of copper. 58
u. It is estimated that 1 radiobroadcast transmitter station was installed in Poland in 1956 and that it used 500 lbs of copper. 59
v. It is estimated that 1,000 radiobroadcast receivers were installed in Albania in 1956 and that each contained 1 lb of copper. _Cy
v. It is estimated that 20,000 radiobroadcast receivers were installed in Bulgaria in 1956 and that each contained 1 lb of copper. 61
x. It is estimated that 100,000 radiobroadcast receivers were installed in Czechoslovakia in 1956 and that each contained 1 lb of copper.
y. The estimated average annual increment of radiobroadcast receivers in East Germany for 1951-55 was 280,000. It is estimated that this annual increment did
not change in 1956 and that each receiver contained 1 lb of copper. aai
z. The Hungarian Second Five Year Plan (1956-60) calls for an average annual production of more than 400,000 radiobroadcast receivers. The number of radio sub-
scribers increased 66,000 during the first quarter of 1956. It is estimated that 190,000 radiobroadcast receivers were added in Hungary in 1956 and that each
contained 1 lb of copper. .6.L.V
aa. The estimated increase of 246,000 radiobroadcast receivers in Poland in 1956 was extrapolated, using the growth rates for 1953-54 and 1955. It is estimated
that each receiver contained 1 lb of copper.
bb. The estimated increase of 90,000 radiobroadcast receivers in Rumania in 1956 was extrapolated from the estimated number of receivers in use in mid-1954 and
1955. It is estimated that each of these receivers contained 1 lb of copper. ay
cc. It is estimated that 1 television transmitting station was installed in Bulgaria in 1956 and that it used 1,000 lbs of copper. ?1/
dd. /t is estimated that 2 television transmitting stations were installed in Czechoslovakia in 1956 and that each used 1,000 lbs of im copper.
ee. It is estimated that 2 television transmitting stations were installed in East Germany in 1956 and that each used 1,000 lbs of copper. 6
- 14 -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 4
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
In the European Satellites
1956
(Continued)
ff. It is estimated that 1 television transmitting station was installed in Hungary in 1956 and that it used 1,000 lbs of copper. Ty
gg. It is estimated that 2 television transmitting stations were installed in Poland in 1556 and that each used 1,000 lbs of coppeip
hh. It is estimated that 1 television transmitting station was installed in Rumania in 1956 and that it used 1,000 lbs of copper. 2
ii. It is estimated that 300 television receivers were installed in Bulgaria in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of copper. pi
kk. It is estimated that 55,000 television receivers were installed in East Germany in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of copper.
11. It is estimated that 38,300 television receivers were installed in Czechoslovakia in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of coppergil
U. It is estimated that 6(X) television receivers were installed in Hungary in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of copper. /g
mm. /t is estimated that 3,000 television receivers were installed in Poland in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of copper.
an. It is estimated that 100 television receivers were installed in Rumania in 1956 and that each contained 5 lbs of copper.
oo.. Although the use of microwave radio relay facilities in the Satellites, evidences of the installation of such facilities in 1956 were
found only in Poland.
pp. /t is estimated that the microwave radio relay link installed in Poland in 1956 between Warsaw and Lodz consisted of 2 terminal stations and at least 1 relay
station and required a total of 7 transmitter-receiver units, with each unit using 500 lbs of copper. /2/
qq. Although l Ithe use of coaxial cable facilities in Czechoslovakia and East Germany, there were no indications of such cable installations
in any of the Satellites during 1956.
rr. The Satellite countries in their Five Year Plans refer only in general terms to trunkline cable expansions and to the increases in tele-
phone subscriber facilities to be made to meet the inadequacies in telephone and telegraph services. Specific increases of such facilities were not given for
1956. The estimated use of copper for these items is included under wirelines.
ss. The six principal cities in Albania range in population from 15,000 to 8o,000. f2/ Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, fodtnote 1, p. 5, above), it is
assumed that telecommunications underground trunklines were constructed to bypass at least 1 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 100-pair,
No. 19 A.W.G. cable weighing 3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet. gl/
tt. Five of the principal cities of Bulgaria have a population of 50,000 or more. gg Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote 1), it is assumed that
telecommunications underground trunklines were constructed to bypass at least 1 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G.
cable2rItiOrILM_3,9_1ba_Zer 1,000 conductor feet. gl/
uu. in 1952, bypass long-distance telecommunications lines were being constructed around towns which might be target areas. fit/ Ten of the
Principal cities of Czechoslovakia have a population of 50,000 or more. gg It is assumed that telecommunications underground trunk lines were constructed to
bypass at least 2 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. copper cable weighing 3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet.
vv. It is planned that in East Germany telecommunications cables will be routed around, rather than through, cities in the future. The "ring around Berlin"
includes underground telecommunications cable routes around the city. Telecommunications centers built underground away from cities are becoming increasingly
important. gg Seventeen of the principal cities in East Germany have 50,000 or more population. gi/ It is assumed that telecommunications underground trunk-
lines were constructed to bypass at least 3 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. copper cable weighing 3.9 lbs per
1,000 conductor feet.
ww. /n connection with civil defense in Hungary, plans were drafted for the reconstruction of piping systems in every city. Piping or conduits of the radial type
were to be converted to circular or belt networks. Reserve cables were to be laid and connected to two separate sources of electricity. An underground tele-
communications center away from Budapest was being built. ggi Eight of the principal cities in Hungary have 50,000 or more population. 12/ Based on Soviet
analogy (see Table 2, footnote 1), it is assumed that telecommunications underground trunklines were constructed to bypass at least 2 of these cities in 1956,
- 15 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 4
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
In the European Satellites
1956
(Continued)
using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. cable weighing 3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet.
,ox. There are indications in Poland that strategic road construction is to bypass major settlements, with the result that telegraph lines must be relocated. 59/
Thirty-seven of the principal cities in Poland have 50,000 or more population. 21/ Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote 1), it is assumed that tele-
communications underground trunklines were constructed to bypass at least 7 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G. cable
weighing 3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet. 92/
yy. Sixteen of the principal cities of Rumania have 50,000 or more population. 9/ Based on Soviet analogy (see Table 2, footnote 1), it is assumed that tele-
communications underground trunklines were constructed to bypass at least 3 of these cities in 1956, using a radius of 25 miles and 150-pair, No. 19 A.W.G.
copper cable weighing 3.9 lbs per 1,000 conductor feet. 222j
zz. To determine the quantity of copper used in Albania for telephone and telegraph wirelines in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth of tele-
phone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire
for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 6, p. 21, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and equipment in
telephone exchanges. This applied to the 300 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 6, Column A) amounted to 2,000 lbs, or 0.88 ton, of copper.
It is assumed that the 300 km of urban telephone vire added in 1956 (see Table 6, Column B) were No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer. This
amounted to approximately 0.87 ton, or 1,500 lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 350 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph vire added in 1956 (see Table 6, Column C) was 4-mm
solid copper vire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad wire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer This amounted
to approximately 29 tons, or 64,000 lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in Albania was 68,000 lbs, or 31 tons.
aaa. To determine the quantity of copper used in Bulgaria for telephone and telegraph wirelines in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth of tele-
phone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone vire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire
for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 7, P.22, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and equipment in
telephone exchanges. This applied to the 9,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 7, Column A) amounted to 58,500 lbs, or 26.5 tons, of copper.
It is assumed that the 18,000 km of urban telephone wire added in 1956 (see Table 7, Column E) were No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer.
This amounted to approximately 52 tons, or 114,000 lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 31,000 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire added in 1956 (see Table 7, Column G) was 4-mm
solid copper wire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad vire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounts
to approximately 2,600 tons, or 5.7 million lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in Bulgaria was 5.9 million
lbs, or 2,700 tons.
bbb. To determine the quantity of copper used in Czechoslovakia for telephone and telegraph wireline purposes in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual
growth of telephone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and
telegraph wire for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 8, p.23, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and
equipment in telephone exchanges. This applied to the 55,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 8, Colt= A) amounted to 357,000 lbs, or 162 tons, of copper.
It is assumed that the 125,000 km of urban telephone wire added in 1956 (see Table 8, Column E) were No. 22 A.W.G. vire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer.
This amounted to approximately 362 tons, or 797,000 pounds, of copper.
-16-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table it
Estimated Consumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the European Satellites
1956
(Continued)
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 66,000 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire added in 1956 (see Table 8, Column G) was 4-mm
solid copper vire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad vire (WI percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounted
to approximately 5,500 tons, or 12.2 million lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in Czechoslovakia was 13 million
lbs, or 6,000 tons.
ccc. To determine the quantity of copper used in East Germany for telephone and telegraph vireline purposes in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth
of telephone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph
wire for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 9, P.24, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and equipment in
telephone exchanges. This applied to the 24,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 9, Column A) amounted to 156,000 lbs, or 70.7 tons, of copper.
It is assumed that the 107,000 km of urban telephone vire added In 1956 (see Table 9, Column B) were No. 22 A.W.G. vire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer. This
amounted to approximately 309 tons, or ma,000 lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 29,000 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire added in 1956 (see Table 9, Column C) was 4-mm
solid copper vire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad wire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounted
to approximately 2,400 tons, or 5,290,000 lbs., of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for virelines in East Germany was 6,130,000 lbs, or
2,780 tons.
ddd. To determine the quantity of copper used in Hungary for telephone and telegraph wireline purposes in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth of
telephone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph
wire for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 10, P-25, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and equipment in
telephone exchanges. This applied to the 15,000 subscribers added in 1956(see Table 10, Column A) amounted to 98,000 lbs, or U. tons, of copper.
It is assumed that the 67,000 km of urban telephone wire added in 1956 see Table 10, Column D) were No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer.
This amounted to approximately 194 tons, or 430,000 lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 40,000 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire added in 1956 (see Table 10, Column F) was 4-mm
solid copper wire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent VIM copperclad vire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounted
to approximately 3,300 tons, or 7.3 million lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for virelines in Hungary was 7.8 million lbs, or
3,500 tons.
eee. To determine the quantity of copper used in Poland for telephone and telegraph wireline purposes in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth of
telephone subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone vire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph
wire for 1956 (see Appendix A, Table 11, p.26, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on inside wiring and equipment
in telephone exchanges. This applied to the 31,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 11, Column A) amounted to 202,000 lbs, or 91 tons, of copper.
It is aSSW:led that the 162,000 km of urban telephone wire added in 1956 (see Table 11, Column B) were No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer.
This amounted to approximately 468 tons, or 1.03 million lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that the 100,000 km of wire in cables for regional and long-distance purposes installed in 1956 (see Table 11, Column 0) were No. 19 A.W.G
vire weighing 5.8 kg per kilometer. This amounted to approximately 580 tons or 1.28 million lbs.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 974 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph vire added in 1956 (see Table 11, Column D) was 4-mm
solid copper wire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad wire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounted
- 17 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table i.
EstimatedConsumption of Copper for Telecommunications Purposes
in the European Satellites
1956
(Continued)
to approximately 80 tons, or 178,000 lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in Poland was 2.7 minion lbs, or 1,200 tons.
fff. To determine the quantity of copper used in Rumania for telephone and telegraph wirelines in 1956, it is necessary to determine the annual growth of telephone
subscribers, the growth in kilometers of urban telephone wire, and the growth in kilometers of interurban and international telephone and telegraph wire for 1956
(see Appendix A, Table 12, p.27, below).
Based on the experience of a US electronics company in 1952, an average of 6.5 lbs of copper was used per subscriber line on ins-ide wiring and equipment in
telephone exchanges. This applied to the 2,000 subscribers added in 1956 (see Table 12, Column A) amounted to 13,000 lbs, or 5.9 tons, of copper.
It is assumed that the 5,000 km of urban telephone wire added in 1956 (see Table 12, Column D) were No. 22 A.W.G. wire weighing 2.89 kg per kilometer. This
amounted to approximately 14 tons, or 32,000 lbs, of copper.
It is assumed that 50 percent of the 11,000 km of interurban and international telephone and telegraph vire added in 1956 (see Table 12, Column F) was 4?nant
solid copper wire weighing 115 kg per kilometer and 50 percent was copperclad wire (44 percent copper by weight) weighing 50.6 kg per kilometer. This amounted
to approximately 910 tons, or 2 million lbs, of copper. The estimated total amount of copper used in 1956 for wirelines in Rumania was 2.1 million lbs, or 930 tons.
- 18 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX A
METHODOLOGY
The following tables give the methodology used in determining the
estimated growth in telephone subscribers and in kilometers of wire
added for urban telephone service and interurban and international
telephone and telegraph service in the USSR and the European Satellites
in 1956.
-19-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 5
Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Telephone and Telegraph Wire
in the USSR 2/
1950-56
Thousand Units
(A) (3) (c) (8) (2) (2)
Wire
(Kilometers)
Telephone Telephone Lil
Year
Subscribers e/
Wire h/ di
(Kilometers)
Telegraph 12/
Urban
Interurban and
International
Total
Telephone and
Telegraph gi
1950
1,430
2,300e/
l,0009/
2,000!/
3109]
3,30041
1951
1,500
2,500
1,20033/
2,20041
38041
3,700
1952
1,600
2,700
1,400 h/
2,300 41
44033/
1,403
1853
1,700
2,900
1,600h/
2,4001il
500 )2/
4,500
1954
1,800
3,100
1,800 h/
2,60o
570 h/
5,000
1855
1956
1,900
2,0004/
3,300
3,500
2,000 y
2,20041
2,70033/
2,9004/
630 11/
6901/
5,400
5,800
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of unrounded
data, and the rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded
components.
b. The sum of the urban telephone wire and interurban and international telephone wire,
Columns D and E, equals the telephone vire, Column B.
c? 22/
d. The sum of the telegraph and telephone vire, Columns C and B, equals the telephone and
telegraph wire, Column F.
e. Based on data for 1922-27, A/ an average ratio of total telephone vire (69.8 percent)
to total telegraph wire (30.2 percent) was used.
f. Based on data for 1822-27, E/ an average ratio of urban telephone wire (86.5 percent)
to interurban and international telephone wire (13.5 percent) was used.
g. This figure was derived from the following data: (1) there were 3.0 million km (1.86
million miles) of telephone and telegraph wire in the USSR in 1939; (2) the Germans de-
stroyed 1.2 million km (744,000 miles) A/ of wire during World Wm: II; (d) during 1943-45,
700,000 km were replaced or added; (4) during 1946-50, 780,000 km (7,800 km, 50-pair
cable) of wire and 50,000 km of nonferrous wire were installed. 22/
h. The Fifth Five Year Plan more than doubles the length of interurban and international
telephone and telegraph vire in 1950 and increases the urban telephone exchange lines 30 to
35 percent. 100/
i. The annual growth in telephone subscribers and expansion of telegraph vire, urban vire,
and interurban and international vire for 1951-55 was assumed to continue for 1956.
- 20 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 6
Estimated Annual Increase in Telephone Subscribers and in Kilometers
of Telephone and Telegraph Wire in Albania
1954-56
(A)
Wire
(Kilometers)
Telephone and
Telegraph
Telephone Urban Interurban and
Year Subscribers Telephone 51/ International
1954
300 hi
300
350 si
1955
300 1/
300
350
2/
1956
300 2/
300
350
2/
a.
Based on a ratio of 1 km of wire per telephone subscriber for
1928-29. 101/ This ratio was applied to the annual increase in sub-
scribers shown in Column A.
b. 102/
c. The Five Year Plan (1951-55) called for the construction of
1,200 km of telephone and telegraph line. 103/ It is assumed that
240 km of this line were added each year of the Plan. The calcula-
tion is based on a ratio of 1.45 km of wire per kilometer of line
for 1921-31 104/ and increased the 240 km of line to 350 km of wire.
d. Extrapolated, based on the annual growth for 1953-54 of 300 sub-
scribers.
e. Extrapolated, based on the calculated average annual growth rate
of wire for 1951-55.
-21-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
6-E-U-R-E-11
Estimated Telephone Subscribers
Table 7
and Kilometers of Telephone
in Bulgaria 2/
1949-56
and Telegraph Wire
(A)
(a)
(C) (D) (E)
(F)
Wire
(Kilometers)
(c)
Year
Telephone
Telegraph
Telephone 12/
Telephone and
Telegraph
Interurban and
International 2/
Subscribers
Wire b/
(Kilometers)
Offices 2/
Wire d/
(Kilometers)
Urban
Interurban and
International
1949
68,000 f/
344,000
1,314
50,000
136,000
208,000
258,000
1950
76,000 5/
385,000
1,4o1
53,000
152,000
233,000
286,000
1951
85,000
430,000
1,488
57,000
169,000
261,000
318,000
1952
94,000 1/
476,000
1,575
6o,000
188,000
288,000
348,000
1953
102,00012/
516,000
1,662
63,000
203,000
313,000
376,00o
1954
112,000 h/
567,000
1,749
'67,000
223,000
31414,000
411,000
1955
120,000 h/
607,000
1,836
70,000
239,000
368,000
438,000
1956
129,000 h/
653,000
1,923
73,000
257,000
396,000
1469,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of unrounded data, and the
rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded components.
b. Based on a ratio of 5.06 km of wire per telephone subscriber for 1921-41 105/ -- 39.4 percent was for
urban use and 60.6 percent for interurban and international use. These percentages were applied to
Column B. The sum of Columns E and F equals Column B.
c. Extrapolated, using the average annual growth of 87 telegraph offices for 1945-47. 12g
d. Based on a ratio of 38.1 km of wire per telegraph office for 1921-31. 107/
e. The sum of Columns D and F equals Column G.
f.
g. Interpolated, using the average growth for 1949-52.
h. Extrapolated on the basis of the 1949-52 average annual rate of growth.
- 22 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 : CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 8
Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Telephone and Telegraph Wire
in Czechoslovakia W
1948-56
(A) (B) (0) (B) (E) (F) (G)
Wire
(Kilometers)
Year
Telephone
Telegraph
Telephone IV
Telephone and
Telegraph
Interurban and
International 21
Wire 12/
Subscribers (Kilometers)
Offices 2./
Wire d/
(Kilometers)
Urban
Interurban and
International
1948
384,000 1/
1,320,000
5,808
147,000
87o,000
45o,000
597,000
1949
418,000 g/
1,440,000
5,895
150,000
950,000
490,000
64o,000
1950
452,000 g/
1,56o,000
5,982
152,000
1,030,000
530,000
682,000
1951
486,000 g/
1,680,000
6,069
154,000
1,110,000
570,000
724,000
1952
520,000 g/
1,790,000
6,156
156,000
1,180,000
610,000
766,000
1953
554,000 W
1,910,000
6,243
158,000
1,260,000
650,000
8o8,000
1954
607,000 1/
2,0901,000
6,330
161,000
1,380,000
710,000
871,000
1955
662,000 I/
2,280,000
6,417
163,000
1,500,000
780,000
940,000
1956
717,000 .1/
2,470,000
6,504
165,000
1,630,000
840,000
1,006,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of unrounded data, and the
rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded components.
b. Based on a ratio of 3.45 km of wire per telephone subscriber for 1921-29 109/ -- 66 percent was
for urban use and 34 percent for interurban and international use. These percentages were applied to
Column B. The sum of Columns E and F equals Column B.
c. Based on a ratio of 25.4 km of vire per telegraph office for 1921-29 and 1932-37. 110/
d. Extrapolated, using the average annual growth of 87 telegraph offices for 1921-46. 222/
e. The sum of Columns D and F equals Column G.
f. 112/
g. Interpolated, using the average annual growth for 1948-53.
h. 343/
i. TIM
J. Assumed to be the same annual growth as in 1955.
- 23 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 9
Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers
of Telephone and Telegraph Wire in East Germany 1./
1950-56
(A)
Telephone
Year Subscribers
(s)
(c) (D)
Wire
(Kilometers) 12./
Urban
Telephone
Telephone and
Telegraph
Interurban and
International
Total
Telephone and
Telegraph
1950
360,000 2/
1,611,000
428,000
2,040,000
1951
394,000 di
1,763,000
469,000
2,230,000
1952
429,000 2/
1,920,000
510,00o
2,430,000
1953
464,000
2,076,000
552,00o
2,630,000
1954
473,000 2/
2,116,000
563,000
2,680,000
1955
482,000 I/
2,157,000
573,000
2,730,000
1956
506,000 I/
2,264,000
602,000
2,870,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been
made on the basis of unrounded data, and the rounded totals
here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded
components.
b. Based on a ratio of 5.66 km of urban, interurban, and
international telephone and telegraph wire per telephone sub-
scriber for 1921-29 115/ -- 79 percent of the total telephone
and telegraph wirelines were for urban use and 21 percent for
interurban and international telephone and telegraph use.
These percentages are applied to Column D. The sum of
Columns B and C equals Column D.
c. 116/
d. Interpolated.
e. lli(
f. 11 /
-24-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 10
Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Telephone and Telegraph Wire
in Hungary 2.1
1954-56
Telephone
- (E)
Wire
(Kilometers)
(P)
Telephone 12/
Wire 12/
Year Subscribers (Kilometers) Telegraph 9/ Urban
Interurban and
International
Telephone and
Telegraph
Interurban and,
International I/
1954
217,000 2/
1,330,000
263,000
984,000
3146,000
609,000
1955
230,000 I/
1,410,000
279,000
1,043,000
367,000
6146,000
1956
245,000 5/
1,500,000
296,000
1,110,000
390,000
686,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of unrounded
data, and the rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the rounded
components.
b. Based on a ratid of 6.13 km of wire per telephone subscriber for 1922-29 119/ -- 74
percent of the telephone wire was for urban use and 26 percent for interurban and inter-
national use. These percentages were applied to Column B. The sum of Columns D and E equals
Column B.
c. Based on a ratio of telegraph wire to interurban and international telephone wire
for 1921-29. 222/ This ratio of about 75 percent was applied to Column E.
d. The sum of Columns E and C equals Column F.
e. Calculations based on a figure of 143,000 subscribers in 1937 121/ and the increase in
number of telephone lines of 151.6 percent in 1954 above the level of 1937. 122/
f. 123/
E* 1-gLq
- 25 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
S -E -C -R -E -T
Table 11
Estimated Increase in Telephone Subscribers and in Kilometers
of Telephone and Telegraph Wire in Poland 21
1956
(A) (3) (c) (D)
Wire
(Kilometers) 12/
Telephone and Telegraph
Interurban and International
Telephone
Year Subscribers Urban Cable Wire
1956 31,000 2/ 162,000 1/ 100,000 si 974 f/
a. Above the level of the previous year.
b. 11/
c. 12 /
d. The Five Year Plan (1956-60) calls for the construction
of 404,100 km of paired wire for urban networks. It is
assumed that 162,000 km were installed in 1956.
e. The Five Year Plan calls for the construction of 5,004 km
of cable for regional and long-distance purposes.- It is
reasonable to assume that at least 50-pair cable was used and
that 100,000 km were installed in 1956.
f. The Five Year Plan calls- for the construction of 4,870 km
of copper wire. It is assumed that 974 km were installed in
1956.
-26-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 12
Estimated Telephone Subscribers and Kilometers of Telephone and Telegraph Wire
in Rumania 2/
1951-56
(A) (D) (C) (D)
Telephone
(E)
Wire
(Kilometers)
(F)
Telephone 12/ Telephone and
Year
Subscribers
Wire b./
(Kilometers)
Telegraph 2/
Urban
Interurban and
International
Telegraph
Interurban and,
International .9./
1951
137,000 2/
803,000
255,000
342,000
1460,000
715,000
1952
140,000 2/
820,000
261,000
350,000
1471,000
732,000
1953
141,000 2/
826,000
263,000
352,000
474,000
737,000
1954
145,000 2/
849,000
270,000
362,000
1487,000
757,000
1955
148,000 1/
867,000
277,000
370,000
1497,000
773,000
1956
150,000 1/
879,000
281,000
375,000
5o4,0oo
784,000
a. The computations represented in this table have been made on the basis of unrounded
data, and the rounded totals here shown will not always agree with the sum of the
rounded components.
b. Based on a ratio of 5.86 km of wire per telephone subscriber for 1921-29 127/ --
about 43 percent of the telephone wire was for urban use and about 57 percent for
interurban and international use. These percentages were applied to Column B. The
sum of Columns D and E equals Column B.
c. Based on a ratio of telegraph wire to urban telephone wire for 1921-25. 1.2pi
This ratio of 3 km of telegraph wire to 4 km of urban telephone wire was applied to
Column D.
d. The sum of Columns C and E equals Column F.
e? E2/
f. Extrapolated, using the average annual growth for 1951-54.
- 27 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05: CIA-RDP79R01141A000900020002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
le#
40 Next 11 Page(s) In Document Denied
e
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7
50X1
r
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R D P79 R01141A000900020002-7
SECRET
1
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/05 :
CIA-R DP79 R01141A000900020002-7