OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY NO. 51 KURGANSKAYA OBLAST

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 13, 2013
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: February 28, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 :
CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5 50X1-HUM
SECRET
OBLAST POLITICAL
- AND
? .
POPULATION SURVEY NO. 51 /
50X1-HUM
KURGANSKAYA OBLAST
28 FEB 1958
Prepared by
Air Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington 25, D. C.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 :
CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
?
A ECONOMIC REGIONS \ ---7--- .2.C3,?V
? \ 5?
/I 1 11-1
\\\\\\ \S':'`,., 1".i..----- 3-0;----- 160. --------1,
_

I A NORTHWEST
IV SOUTHEAST
VIII URALS
XI EAST SIBERIA
OVER.L0 ft',
--------
?
I B ? NORTH
IIA BALTIC .
U B BELORUSSIA
III SOUTH
V TRANSCAVCASUS
VI VOLGA
VII CENTRAL
IX WEST SIBERIA
XA KAZAKHSTAN
XB CENTRAL ASIA
XII FAR EAST
,t'4A; -
,,VISN, S
sT,AT,Lyie .6,1A
U t i it. g1/4...61.11,NfP u.i.tIvii4-0.z..-
ANI5 lEd0,110,,r4e. , ..4F,;,;E pik9}.??p .
300 JA-.N.PP,
.?, e
----"" D
'
r
- to_ ir!3$ P\\??
, BARENTS i , k o C
'
41.7y.. BALTIC 1 (...
0 ?
*rot. 147, SEA .47 SEA ,
?N.... 1..? S. ,i4SICA0
A
OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY Co
LOCATION OF
KURGANSKAYA OBLAST -
\ cao
200 400 600 800 1000
N
. iii??.% . . STATUTE MILES

:7---------4; o
/
00 400 600 Soo moo KILOMETERS
I \;:-.3,
CRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
50X1-HUM
t
. ?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
i
SECRET
Political and Population Survey
No. 51.
ICURGANSKAYA OBLAST
Prepared by
Air 'Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C.
1 }larch 1958
SECRET'
,?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
? ?
SECRET
NOTICE ?
1. The estimates appearing in this study result
from an accelerated survey of available data.
All figures accompaned by an asterisk (*) are
the best possible estimates to be derived from
accessible information and are to be regarded'
as an indication of an order of magnitude.
Information which might correct or supplement
these estimates should be forwarded to AFCIN-
3X3, Room 1324.
2. Population estimates and administrative-
territorial boundaries as of 1 January 1958.
S E. C. R-E T
?..
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
. .
SECRET
I.
POLITICAL AND POPULATION: suRvEr NO. 51
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statitics
GoverriMent Controls
A. General
B. Control Groups
.Palte
1
1
1
2
1. Communist Party and Komsomol '
2
2. Military
3
3. Government
3
II.
Population, Labor Force, and Ethnic Composition
7
III.
Psychological and Sociological Factors
14
A.
Political and Social Tensions .
14
B.
Civil Deiense
16
C.
Medical Facilities
19
D.
Educational and Cultural Facilities
20
E.
Communications
22
IV.
Socio -Economic Factors
24
A.
Housing
24
B.
Food Supplies
26
C.
Transportation
27
1. General
27
2. 'Rail
27
3. Pipeline
29
4. Highway
29
5.- Water
30
D.
Utilities
30
E.
Economic Characteristics
32
V.
Urban Areas
34
i
S E CR E T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
I.
SECRET
TABLES
I. Estimated Government Control Force
II. Summary of Demographic Characteristics:
Kurganskaya Oblast, 1958
III. Population Changes: 1926-1958
IV. Estimated Ethnic Composition of Total Population
V. Estimated Age and Sex Composition of Total
Population
VI. Estimated Distribution of Total Labor Force
VII. Estimated Occupational Composition of
Urban Labor Force
VIII. Estimated Population and Density by
Administrative-Territorial Divisions
IX. General Schools
X. Enrollment in the Schools of the Kurganskaya
Oblast
Other Educational/Cultural Facilities
XII. Estimated Distribution of Total Urban
Population
MAPS
I. Location of Kurganskaya Oblast
Administrative-Territorial Divisions
III. Population
IV. Transportation, Resources, and
Military Control
ii
SECRET
Page
4
7
8
10
10
11
12
22
22
22
34
Frontispiece
Back Pocket
Back Pocket
Back Pocket
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
S E C R. E T
1 March 1958
' 'KURGANSKAYA OBLAST
Statistics
Area in Sq. Miles
27,460
Total Est. 1958 Pop
1,025,000
Urban Pop
292,000
Rural Pop
733,000
Cities
2
Towns
6
Urban Settlements
6
Rural Rayons
33
Administrative Areas
1
Selsovets
458
I. Government Controls
A. General
Kurganskaya Oblast, a territory of 27,460 square miles, is
located E of the Urals in the extreme southwestern part of Western
Siberia. The Trans-Siberian Railroad runs through the ?bleat from
NE to SW, and the N-flowing Tobol River, an important transportation
artery, runs S-N through the central part of the oblast. The oblast
was formed in 1943 from a part of Chelyabinskaya Oblast. In 1944
its size was somewhat reduced when 4 rayons (Armizonskiy, Berdyuzh-
ekiy, Isetskiy, Worovskiy) were detached and added to the ne017
formed Tyumenskaya Oblast. There have been no territorial changes
since.
The oblaat id called "the gateway to Siberia" because the
Trans-Siberian rail routes running E from Chelyabinak00 and
Sverdlovsk (NW) merge here. It is important primarily for its
agricultural economy, based on grain and cattle raising, and for its
virgin and waste land develoment program.' Its industrial economy
- 1 -
SECRET
,
-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDPRI
fli
oonnn
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
is based mainly on old established food and light industries and a
machine-building industry developed largely during the past 10 to
15 years.
, Kurgan, an important rail junction and the oblast capital,
supplies up to 40 per cent of the total heavy-industry production
of the oblast. These products include agricultural machinery,
machine tools, road machinery, and equipment for electrical and
chemical industries. Meat processing, flour milling, dairying,
tanning, and garment making are important light industries.
B. Control Groups
1. Communist Party and Komsomol
Communist Party membership in the oblast is estimated
to total 31,000; of this number approximately 1,800 or 5.8 per cent,
are in the Party control force (full time, paid Party employees).
The incidence of 29 Party members per 1,000 total population in the
oblast is much lower than for the RSFSR as a whole (42 per 1,000).
This is probably due to the fact that 75 per cent of the
actual labor force is engaged in agricultural work, where fewer
Party members are required for maintenance of Party control.
The Komsomols in the oblast are organized into youth
brigades to promote more efficient work operations in the plants and
factories. The number of members in each brigade varies according
to the size of the projects to which they are attached. There are
about 100 of these brigades in the industrial installations of Kurgan,
the capital. The Komsomols also work on various construction projects
throughout the oblast, such as the construction of the rail line
running 'southwards from Utyak to Peskii Kokchetavskaya Oblast,
Kazakhskaya SSR (see Map IV, Transportation, Resources, and Military
Control). Of the 3,000 construction workers on this project about
- 2 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
2,800 or 93 per cent were reported to be Komsomol members from
Kurganskaya Oblast. The total number in the oblast is unknown.
2. Military
Although Kurganskaya Oblast is geographicaI1y located in
the western part of Siberia it is within the jurisdiction of the
South Urals Military District.1/ There are an estimated 1,50041-Air.
Force personnel stationed in the oblast, controlled by district
headquarters located in Orenburg (Orenburgskaya Oblast). There are
indications that some Army and MVD troops' are stationed in the
oblast but their number is Unknown. Shadrinsk Military Training
School (Target 0156-0435) is the only such school in the oblast. The
number of personnel and type of training are undetermined.
There are 2 known airfields in the oblast. Kurgan Air-
field (Target 0164-0135), a Class 5 installation, is a joint civil:-
military field. Shadrinsk Airfield (Target 0156-0428), a Class 5
installation, is a military field.
3. Government
The government control force, totaling an estimated
40,050 (see Table I), includes employees of adndnistrative and
nonadministrative agencies of the RSFSR and of Kurganskaya Oblast at
all levels of control down to the rural Soviet. The primary control
force, totaling an estimated 6,260 or 1.5 per cant of the adult
population (age 18 and over), comprises the employees of the govern-
mental and judicial agencies. The remaining 33,790, constituting
5.6 per cent of the adult population, are members of the secondary
control force which staffs government nonadministrative agencies
engaged in such activities as health, education, and social service.
1/ The South Urals Military District includes Kurganskaya,
CheIyabinskayal prenburgskayal Zapadno7Kazakhskaya, Aktyubinskaya
and Guryevskaya ?blasts, and Bashkirskaya ASSR.
-3-.
SECRET
-
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/08/21 CIA-RDP81-01041Rnn99nnoe nnil g
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
Under Party direction, the Oblast Executive Committee supervises
the agencies responsible for providing the civilian population
with food, most housing, consumers' goods, local transportation,
and other municipal services.
TABLE I
ESTIMATED GOVERNMENT CONTROL FORCE
Primary Control P rce
Administrative Total Per Cent
Category Control Forcelf Number of Total
Republic Govt. 5.770 200 3.5
Oblast Govt. 31,660 3.440 10.9
Militia 262O 262O 100.0
Total 40.050 6,260 15.6
1/ Not included in this total are professional
workers of the Communist Party, the officer and NCO
components of the armed forces, and supervisory and
managerial economic personnel.
The predominance of the Great Russians as an ethnic
group in the government is indicated in a breakdown of the
composition of the Deputies to the Rural Soviets in the oblast in
1954. At that time the Great Russian representation was about 94.5
per cent of the total number of 7,646 Deputies. The breakdown showed
.4224 Great Russians, 139 Tatars, 86 Ukrainians, 14 Belorussians, 14
Kazakhs, 6 Mordvinians, 3 Chuvash, and others. This indicates that
despite the large Great Russian majority the minor ethnic groups have
some representation in the government.
The basic form of state control over industry and con-
struction in the oblast is the' Council of the National Economy
(Sovnarkhoz) which manages many enterprises, organizations, and
'SECRT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
institutes. A specific listing of these for Kurganskaya Oblast is
not available at this writing. The Sovnarkhoz is directly subordi-
nate to the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. It also reports to
the Executive Committee (Isnolkam) of the Oblast Soviet of Workers
Deputies. The Sovnarkhoz coordinates activity between the enterpriaes
and organizations subordinate to it and those of Union, RepUblics and
local subordination.
Presumably an attempthas been made to draw the workers
into the management of the econag7throughthe instrument of Technical
and Economic Councils attached to the Sovnarkhoz. These councils are
made up of scientists, specialists of all types, and leaders of Party,
Soviet, Economic, Trade Union, Komsomol, and other organizations.
The actual role of management and important decision making however,
still rests with the Sovnarkhoz members. Trade Union organizations
reportedly participate in the decision making of the Sovnarkhoz,
although in practice they act more in a consultative capacity rather
than in the actual formulation of final decisions. Final recommenda-
tions on major economic problems and implementation of economic plans
at enterprises and organizations are submitted to the RSFSR Council
of Ministers only by the Kurganskaya Oblast Sovnarkhoz.
The oblast Sovnarkhoz directs the scientific and research
institutes, the planning and construction institutes and organiza-
tions, as well as many educational institutes. Within its jurisdic-
tion are included the questions of selection and placement of cadres,
organization of the training of specialists, their distribution
throughout the industry and control over their utilization.
' The Sovnarkhoz has a tight control over the financial
purse strings of the oblast. It finances the enterprises, organiza-
tions and institutes subordinate to it. It does this through long-term
- 5 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
deposits to the State Bank of the USSR and other banks to cover the
needed credit by those enterprises subordinate to it. It also
controls the distribution of wage funds and current fund outlays.
It has the authority to redistribute capital investments among new
construction projects within the limits of one branch of industry or
construction, and between the branches by agreement of the State
Planning Board of the USSR.
The rights of the Sovnarkhoz are broad in scope; on
questions not covered by the Statute on Sovnarkhozes it enjoys the
rights extended to the USSR Ministries. Some of its rights even
extend to enterprises and organizations not subordinate to it, and
it can accept orders from them for the production of products not
called for in the State Plan and made of materials supplied by the
same enterprises and organizations. Its rights have limitations,
too; it cannot construct and place into operation new power plants.
The machine-tractor stations (MTSts), heretofore acting
as rural taxlbollecting agencies and agricultural machinery storage
and rental stations, are apparently to be abolished in the near
future. Stations for technical repair will be established to con-
tinue many of the repair and maintenance functions formerly carried
out by the MS's. Presumably the impracticability of not having
agricultural machinery immediately accessible in the collective farms
(Kolkhoz), the duplication of management functions, and the cheaper
production of agricultural products by the state farms (Sovkhoz)
operating independently has resulted in acb-emphasis of the MTSta as
efficient, practical operating agencies.
The change-over of personnel and equipment from the MTSts
to the Kolkhozes will probably take place on a plapped basis according
to the existing local problems of each ind,ividual administrative-
territorial or economic area. The number of technical repair stations
- 6 -
SECRET
.0*
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co y Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
established will depend on the number of Kolkhozes they will serve in
a given area, and there will be fewer of them than there were MTSfs.
Since 1950 the collective fauna have been amalgamating
and their number as a result, is considerably lower than in the past.
At the same time the Party has been increasing its control over them
by staffing them with Party members, particularly in the posts of
Eplkhoz chairmen. Thus, during the period 1954-1958 the number of
Communists in collective farms throughout the USSR increased by
230,000; the total increase for the oblast alone is unknown.
II. Population. Labor Force, and Ethnic Composition
.The principal characteristics of the 1958 population estimates
of Kurganskaya Oblast are summarized in Table II.
TABLE II
SUMMARY OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS:
KURGANSKAYA OBLAST, 1958
Total population.... ...............................
Urban population... ................................
Urban proportion of total population... 000000000000
Population density (persons per square mile) .......
Population in working ages (16-59 years) ...........
Proportion of population in working ages... 000.0.00
Males per 100 females in working ages... ...........
00.. 1,025,000
...... 292,000
28.5 per cent
........... 37
...... 634,000
61.9 per cent
86
Military personnel. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 1,500*
Forced Laborers 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000? na
Proportion of Slays to total population... OOOOOO 93 per cent
Per cent of USSR population... .50
Per cent of BSFSR population... ....................... OOOOOOO .88
Prior to World War II Kurganskaya Oblast had an agricultural
economy (including cattle-raising) with light industries based on
processing agricultural products; heavy industry began to develop
during the war period.
- 7 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co?yApproved forRelease2013/08/21 CIA RDP81 01nAWnn0Onn0 Ann44 c
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
In 1926 the oblast had a total population of about 1,048,000;
only 5.5 per cent of these were urban (see Table III). Since that
time the urban population has been consistently increasing. In 1929
it comprised 6.6 per cent of the total population, in 1939, 9.9 per
cent, and at the present time it exceeds 25 per cent. During the
period 1926-1939 the oblastts total population decreased by almost
10 per cent because of out-migrations primarily into the Ural area
where rapid industrialization was taking place. The out-migrations
continued even after the war; as a result, the increase in the total
population between 1939 and 1956 was a negligible .006 per cent.
Since 1956 there has been a slow growth in the total population. At
the present time the growing industry of the oblast will probably
absorb the indigenous labor reserves which formerly migrated to areas
such as the Urals.
TABLE III
POPULATION CHANGES: 1926-1958
(Numbers in Thousands)
Total Urban Per Cent Rural Per Cent
Year Population Population Urban Population Rural
1926
1,048
57
5.5
990
94.5
1939/40
976
96
9.9
879
90.1
1956
982
277
28.2
705
71.8
1958
1,025
292
28.4
733
71.5
During the period 1926-1958 there has been a slow but steady
movement of rural inhabitants into urban areas within the oblast.
This movement was accelerated during World War II when the industrial
development of the oblast received its greatest impetus and heavy ?
industry was introduced. Thus, from 1926 to 1958 the rural population
- 8 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SE CRET
declined by about 23 per cent, while the urban population increased by
practically the same percentage. The growth of the urban population
is further indicated by the increase in the number of workers and
employees1/ in the oblast: 1940 - 123,000; 1950 - 172,000; 1955 -
250,000; 1956 - 260,000. It will be noted from this that since 1950
their number has increased by 88,000 or 51 per cent. Despite the
increase in urbanization the oblast is still the least urbanized part
of West Siberia. Urbanization in the obiast is concentrated almost
wholly along the rail lines, particularly the Trans-Siberian.
The rural population has in the past also been distributed
unequally, but the recent opening of new lands in the southern rayons
where large grain and cattle-raising state farms have been established
has resulted in a more equalized distribution of the rural population.
There are still some differentiations in population density among the
rayons; some in the E and the extreme SW, with little arable land, have
a rural density of less than 18 persons per square mile, while in the
valley of the Central Iset river its population density is about 52
persons per square mile. Rural population density for the oblast as
a whole is 27 persons per square mile.
Great Russians form the predominant ethnic group in the oblast,
both urban and rural (see Table IV). The second largest group is the
Ukrainiansvmany of whom are descendants of early settlers in the
area; others were deported to the oblast after World War II. Kazakhs
and Tatars are included in the Turkic language speaking group. The
Tatars who are concentrated in Almenevskiy and Safakulevskiy Rayons
have tbeir own language newspapers.
1/ This is a Soviet category and shguld not be confused. with
the total labor force. As it includes skilled industrial labor, it is
felt that these figures are indicative of the urbanization.and indus-
trialization which took place.
- 9 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
TABLE IV
ESTIMATED ETHNIC COMPOSITION
OF TOTAL POPULATION
Ethnic Group
Total
Population
(in Thousands)
Per
Cent
Urban
Rural
No.
Per
CQflt
No.
Per
Cent
Great Russians
922.5
90
262.8
90.0
65907
90.0
Ukrainians
30.7
3
10.3
3.5
20.5
2.8
Turkic Language
Speaking Groups
Others '
20.5
51.3
2
675
20.5
2.8
? Total
1,025.0
100
_11,1
292.0
_
100.0
733.0
100.0
The over-all sex ratio of 86 males to every 100 females is a
little lower than the USSR ratio of 88 males to every 100 females.
Out-migration and slow industrialization have tended to make the
female sex ratio higher in this oblast. The male deficit is probably
less pronounced in urban areas, although the exact ratio is not known.
.
' TABLE V
ESTIMATED AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION
OF TOTAL POPULATION
(Numbers in Thousands)
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
Per Cent
0-15
156
156
312
30
16-59
285
349
634
62
60 and over
8
Total
474
_42_6
551
_21
1,025
100
Kurganskaya Oblast has an estimated labor force of 634,000
(see Table VI). The urban labor force constitutes only about 29 per
cent of the total labor force, reflecting the agricultural nature Of
the ?blast's economy. By contrast, the highly industrialized
Kemerovskaya\Oblast? also in West Siberia, has an urban labor force
-10-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
comprising 73 per cent of the total. Over 55 per cent of the popula-
tion of KUrganskaya Oblast are engaged in agricultural work. The num-
ber of forced laborers or penal laborers is unknown.
TABLE VI
ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL LABOR FORCE
Labor Force by Per Cent Labor Force
Category Population Papulation Category of Population Category
Total
1,025,000
634,000
62
Urban
292,000
159,000
54
Rural
733,000
475,000
65
TABLE VII
ESTIMATED OCCUPATIONAL COMPOSITION
OF URBAN LABOR FORCE
(Numbers in Thousands)
Category of Occupation
Number
Per Cent
of Total
Food Processing and
Light Industries
47
30
Manufacturing
40
25
Health, Education,
and Welfare
27
17
Transportation and
Communications
12
8
Commerce (Credit, Trade,
Public Dining)
8
5
Construction
8
5
Government
7
4
??
Agriculture
5 -
3
Other
Total
159
100
The estimated population density within the oblast is 37 persons
per square mile (see Table VIII and refer to Map III), the second
highest in West Siberia, and is considerable higher than the USSR
average of 25 and the RSFSR average of 17 persons per square mile.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R00220o74nn1i_
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
TABLE VIII
ESTIMATED POPULATION AND DENSITY BY AMENISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS
_Density
(Persons per SQ. Mile)
Urban Rural Total Rural Over-all
Administrative-Territorial
Division
Kurganskaya Oblast
Rayons:
Almenevskiy
Belozerskiy
ehashinSkiy
Ghastoozerskiy
Dalmatovskiy
Gaikinskiy ?
Glyadyanskiy
Kargapolskiy
Katayskiy
Ketovskiy
Kiroskiy
Kurganskiy
Kurtamyshskiy
Lebyazbyevskiy
Lopatinskiy
Makushinskiy
Mekhonskiy
Mishkinskiy
Mokrousovskiy
Mostovskik
Oikhovskiy
Pettkhovskiy
Polovinskiy
Safakulevskiy
Area.
(?q. Miles)
27,460
l0000
1-9120
620
730
650
750
840
540
810
450
560
830
1,190
890
820
1,080
400
720
940
700
820
1,120
780
790
Population
2920000 733,000 1,025,000 26.7 37.3 .
19,000
16,000
22,400
22,400
140400
24,000
22,400
22,400
- 20,800
9,000 22,400
- 17,600
22,400
- 17,600
13,000 30,400
8,000 27,200
22,400
9,000 28,800
17,600
8,000 20,800
- 24,000
- 14,400
- 19,200
16,000 22,400
- 17,600
90,800
16,000
22,400
22,400
14,400
43,000
22,400
22,400
20,800
31,400
17,600
22,400
17,600
43,400
35,200
22,400
37,800
17,600
28,800
24,000
149400
19,200
38,400
17,600
20,800
16.0
20.0
36.1
19.7
36.9
29.8
26.6
38.5
27.6
39.1
40.0
21.2
25.5
30.5
27.3
26.6
44.0
28.8
25.5
2005
23.4
20.0
22.5
26.3
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200740011_
16.0
20.0
36.1
19.7
66.1
29.8
26.6
38.5
38.7
39.1
40.0
21.2
36.4
39.5
27.3
35.0
44.0
40.0
25.5
20.5
23.4
34.2
22.5
26.3
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
TABLE VIII (Continued)
Administrative-Territorial
Division
Shadrinskiy
-Shatrovskiy
Shchuchanskiy
Shumikhinskiy
Uksyanskiy
Ust-Uyskiy
Vargashinskiy
Turgamyshskiy
Zverinogolovskiy
Administrative Area "A"
Subordinate to the.
Ktrgan City Executive
Committee
Area
(Sq. Miles)
Population
Urban Rural
Density
SY-S-?2-11-129X-121--Millier
Total Rural Over-all
1,130
48,000
40,000
88,000
1,010
27,200
27,200
840
8,000
20,800
28,800
670
14,000
22,400
36,400
530
-.-
20,800
20,800
1,230
--
25,800
25,800
730
980
6,000
8,000
19,200
25,600
25,200
33,600
1,120
--
17,600
17,600
70
126,000
3,200
129,200
35.4
26.9
24.7
33.4
39.2
21.0
26.3
26.1
15.7
45.7
77.8
26.9
34.2
54.3
39.2
21.0
34.5
34.3
15.7
184.6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-s
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
III. Psychological and Sociolo.gical Factors
A. Political and Social Tensions
There is currently no evidence of overt resistance to the
regime in Kurganskaya Oblast.
The most widespread dissatisfaction undoubtedly arises from
the difficulties of everyday living: housing in most urban areas is -
substandard, utility services are usuAlly poor, and the supply of con-
sumers, goods, at best, is inadequate. Freedom of action in general
has been increased in recent years; one may now change his job without
official permission but he continues to pay a penalty in the form of
loss of seniority. Although the standard of living has risen since
the war years, it remains below the level of the late 1930s; prices
are higher and wages are not commensurate. Consumers t goods are more
plentiful, but the quality is poor. Opportunities for education and
advancement and for improving the standard of living are more readily
available in more highly industrialized oblasts? such as Sverdlovskaya.
The industrialization in Kurganskaya Oblast is not advanced enough to
provide such opportunity. Occasional improvements stimulate optimism:
a new cinema is opened; a hydroelectric plant increases slightly the
local supply of electricity; roads are improved; or trolley buses are
installed in some urban area. By western standards, however, the
standard of living remains low.
Minor class tensions in the agricultural areas are reported
between bureaucracy personnel and members of the state and collective
farms. One recurring complaint is that the agricultural economists
spend far too much time in the city planning offices and not enough in
the farm areas where their guidance is urgently needed. Intra-
organizational quarrels are also reported within Party agencies at the
rayon level. In Yurgamyshskiy Rayon, Party members have been accused
SECRET ?
??
?:A
-
O.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDP81-01041Rnn79nn94nnii
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
of lack of Party responsibility and of poor management of the agri-
cultural programs; they have also been condemned for not criticizing
the inadequacies of Party organization. Poor agricultural management
by Party members was alleged in a charge to the effect that
although an increase in milk production was emphasized, they concen-
trated only on efforts to increase productivity of the cows and had
made no effort to increase their number.
The lack of a social welfare plan for the collective farmers
in this oblast has led to disaffection. The Pension Plan passed in
July 1956 accrued primarily to industrial ,workers and other State
employees. At the present time collective farmers must rely on the
resources of their collective farms in old age, disability, or loss of
the wage earner; however, very few farms are able to subsidize their
own individual social welfare plan. Reportedly, some collective farms
have attempted to incorporate pension provisions in individual farm
charters; as a result the state has made official announcements condemn-
ing this practice, citing the inadequate financial reserves in the
collectives with which to carry out such provisions.
In Kurganskaya Oblast, as elsewhere in the USSR, the elite
have priorities on housing and consumers? goods. Although these groups
are harassed by too much control of their activities, their prestige
and material rewards make them the regime's 6trongest adherents.
The'small size of the ethnic minority groups, who constitute
only: 10 .per cent of the total population, suggests that these groups
represent no potentialfor overt resistance. The dissatisfactions of
the ethnic minorities are probably commensurate with their low socio-
economic status, and any improvements, particularly in regard to con-
sumers' goods and medical and educational services would probably aid
greatly in reducing their antipathy toward the regime. Forced laborers
-15-
,
SECRET'
? ?:,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
- A- ?
SECRET
constitute no problem of disaffection, for the only known group within
the oblast, employed in the lumber camps near Shadrinsk, is small.
B. Civil Defense
A number of different agencies in the oblast are engaged
in civil defense operations and training programs. Among the most
important are the MPVO (Local Anti-Air Defense) and its components,
the DOSAAF (Society for Cooperation with Army, Air Forces, and Navy),
and the Red .Cross.
The central body of the civil defense system within the
oblast is a staff corps of specialized personnel called Local Anti-
Air Defense (MPVO). This body is under the Ministry of Internal
Affairs (MVD) and functions in Kurganskaya Oblast as in other
administrative-territorial subdivisions of the Soviet Union. It is
administered from Moskva by the MVD Main Administration of Local
Anti-Air Defense (GUMPVO). MPVO under the direction of the MVD and
their headquarters at the city and urban rayon level who are
directly responsible for civil defense preparations, is expected
to provide some specialized civil defense training. The civil
defense responsibilities of a chief of MPVO and his staff are as
follows: 1) formulation of local plan's, 2) training of staffs and
units, 3) organization and mobilization of crews and detachments for
local air defense, 4) organization of training programs for specialized
personnel and the general population, 5) preparation and coordination ,
of a financial and materials-procurement plan, and 6) supervision of
all these activities through-timely controls. To exercise_ these
responsibilities the city or rayon MPVO mould organize and control the
following services: 1) fire defense, 2) emergency engineering, 3)
medical service, 4) sanitary processing of personnel and decontamina-
tion of clothing, 5) .decontamination of areas and structures,
.b
-16-
SECRET
dr?-?
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
6) maintenance of order and security, 7) warning and communications,
8) shelter and cover, 9) blackout, 10) veterinary service, 11) evacua-
tion, and 12) transport.
The groups of self-defense* are the most widely dispersed
formations. These are composed of men of age 16 to 60 and women of
age 18 to 50. Their commanders are trained by workers of Anti-Air
Defense.(PV0) schools, DOSAAF committees, the local fire and police
departments of the MVD, medical personnel, and other specialists.
Air-raid warning and all-clear signals have reportedly been installed,
and the public has been instructed in the conduct required before,
during, and after an attack. Any'citizen in these age brackets who
does not have another NFVO assignment may be required to serve. At
least one self-defense group is established in every dwellingt institu-
tion, school, farm, or enterprise having 300 or more people. Large
apartment blocks may have several groups, one for each 500 to 700
persons. Where dwellings house less than 300 people, groups are
formed cooperatively with those of other buildings; and in rural areas,
small communities have "unitary links" or "divisional posts" to
cooperate with self-defense groups of neighboring communities. This
in essence is the plan; the extent to which it is emplemented in
Kurganskaya Oblast is unknown. Such activities should receive more
notice in the press than, has been observed to date.
*Each self-defense group consists of a' smallstaff (chief,
assistant chief for political work, property manager, and messenger
or communications manager) and 5 to 8 teams. One team of 6 persons
is charged with ,giving warning of an impending air and gas attack,
enforcing blackout regulations, maintaining order, and protecting prop-
erty. The fire-fighting team of 7 persons must look after its own
fire-fighting equipment and aid fire brigades when necessary. Another
team of 7 is responsible for antichemical defense. A 6-man damage-
control and emergency-aid team effects simple repairs.
-17-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRE T
DOSAAF (Society for Cooperation with Army, Air Force, and
Navy) is especially important in the civil defense program. Although
supervised by the USSR Ministry of Defense, it is not formally an
agency of the government; it is a "public volunteer organization."
The Komsomol and trade unions assist in recruiting members for DOSAAF
programs, which include premilitary and paramilitary training for
youths; refresher courses .for ex-servicemen; military instruction for
Soviet men; and the training of aircraft observers, radio and radar
technicians, and other civil defense specialists? The particular
importance of DOSAAF is that it has the responsibility for receiving
instructions on, new defense programs, such as Anti-Atomic Defense,
and then disseminating this information to the entire adult population
of the oblast. DOSAAF organizations of the oblast are currently
disseminating information to the adult population or defense plans
against fire, atomic and biological warfare?
Other important agencies which assist in the civil defense
program are the Red Cross which offers first-aid instruction and the
Society for Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge which
publishes civil defense information to the general populace?
The rail facilities of Kurganskaya Oblast (see Map DID
Transportation, Resources, and Military Control) are so situated
that a quick exit Could be provided for the inhabitants to the E,
SE, SW and southwards. The lack of rail facilities in the NE and
extreme northern part mould throw the burden on any transport in this
direction on road vehicles. The location of every urban area but one,
Kurtamysh, along the railroad lines would further facilitate the
implementation of evacuation plans for people residing in urban areas.
The highway network which is well integrated with the rail lines is
adequate to provide effective movement in almoSt all directions from
SECRET
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SE CRET
the oblast; however, weather conditions could seriously interfere
with travel, particularly rain which makes quagmires of many of the
roads in the oblast.
The food supply of the oblast would be more than adequate
to supply the needs of not only the inhabitants of the oblast for an
emergency period but also those of contiguous areas. The drought
spells which strike the area periodically could affect the food
reserves supply sufficiently so that only the oblast inhabitants
could be provided for.
C. Medical Facilities
As in many other areas of the USSR0 Kurganskaya Oblast lacks
the proper medical facilities and trained personnel needed to serve the
population of the area.
In 1956 the oblast was reported as having 734 doctors,
eocaudingmilitary doctors, or 7 per every 10,000 of the population
(the RSFSR average is 17 per 10,000). The number of hospital beds,
excluding military, was 59110 or about 50 per 10,000 population (the
RSFSR average is 70 per 109000). The medical peraonnel and facilities,
moreover, are not equitably distributed throughout the oblast. Most
of them are concentrated in Kurgan, the oblast center, or in larger
urban areas such as Shadrinsk. Yet some improvements of medical
service have been made in the oblast; in 1940 there was a total of 200
doctors. Recent reports indicate that 30 of the present 33 rayons had
hospital facilities and about 32 rural dispensaries were opened up in
rural areas. In addition about 200 medical and maternity centers have
been established in rural areas.
Despite these improvements in medical service many serious
shortcomings still exist. The majority of rural rayon hospitals are
still not adequately staffed with qualified doctors or trained medical
?19?
SECRE,T
4" ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
specialists; 17 of the existing 33 rayon hospitals have no qualified
physicians whatsoever, While may of the medical centers in rural areas
do not have qualified medical attendants to handle relatively simple
cases requiring medical attention. .11 large number lof the inhabitants
or rural areas are forced to visit the larger urban areas of the
oblast capital for competent treatment.
About 600 of the 2,000 lakes in the oblast are salt water
likes. Many of these are particularly valuable because of their
medicinal properties, and health resorts have been established util-
izing their mineral waters.
D. Educational and Cultural Facilities
The educational system in the oblast is well developed;
education to the 10-year level (complete middle) is offered universally;
incomplete middle (7-year) education is compulsory. The oblast as a
whole has 15 higher education and secondary vocational training institu-
tions with a total enrollment of 4,600. Almost all of them are concen-
trated in Kurgan, which also has an agricultural institute with a
current enrollment of over 700 students. The teachers' institute and
the agricultural institute in Kurgan together graduate between 300 and
400 specialists annually.
Data indicate that the educational level of Kurganskaya
Oblast is probably lower than in the 6 other districts* which made up
what was known as the West Siberian Economic Region before the intro-
duction of the Sovnarkhozy. In July 1955 of a total number of 92,700
specialists with a higher education, 6,000 or 6.5 per cent were in
Kurganskaya Oblast. This is the lowest percentage in the old Region.
Also, the ?blast's percentage of specialists (technicians, veterinarians,
forestry workers, agronomists) with a secondary specialized education
*Omskaya, Tomskaya, Tyumenskaya, Kemerovskaya, NovoSibirskaya
Oblasts and Altayskiy Kray.
-20-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
is very low. Of the 161,800 such specialists reported in the Region
in July 1955, about 13,700 or 8.5 per cent were in Kurganskaya Oblast;
only Tomskaya Oblast had a lower percentage of such specialists.
Despite the low rating of the oblast in specialists with secondary and
higher education, it ranked fourth in the Region in the annual output
of trained mechanic cadres (tractor drivers, combine operators,
combine mechanics) for 1955. In that year it trained 5,500 or about
10 per cent of the Region's total of 56,600.
There is one oblast newspaper, the Krasnyy Kurgan, a Party
daily published in Kurgan, with a circulation of about 60,000 copies
daily. The circulation of the city newspapers totals 5,800, appearing
3 times weekly; of the 37 rayon newspapers, 41,000. Two rayons,
Almenevskiy and Safakulevskiy, have newspapers printed in the Tatar
language, total circulation about 500. One great problem in the
oblast regarding publications is the need for a better retail distribu-
tion system. In some rural areas retail facilities are very poorly
developed; in some rayons they do not exist. Sometimes they are
forced to share quarters with other governmental organs. The actual
lack of the physical sites where the retail distributing organizations
may operate. remains' a problem.
At present the educational and training institutes of the
oblast are attempting to coordinate a special program with industry.
This program will provide for an exchange of ideas and experience
between mechanics, tractor drivers, combine operators, and agricultural
specialists on the one hand and the industrial workers actually pro-
ducing the agricultural machinery on the other. Specific details on
implementation of this program have not been announced.
The tables below give a statistical breakdown on the cultural
and educational institutions of the oblast.
- 21 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDP81-01041Rnn99nn94nn11
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy A proved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
TABLE IX
GENERAL SCHOOLS
No. of Schools
1950/51
1955/56
Primary. (1 through 4)
1,265
1,081
Incomplete Middle .
(lthroUgh 7)
335
357
Complete Middle
(1ihmul0110)
42
95
Total Teachers
7,570
8,290
TABLE X
ENROLLMENT IN THE SCHOOLS
OF THE KURGANSKAYA OBLAST
1950/51
1953
1955/56
General Schools
Grades 1 through 4
110,738
na
66,975
Grades 5 through 7
55,463
na
44,540
Grades 8 through 10
4,390
na
22,711
Specialized Secondary
Schools
5,800
6,400
6,200
Higher Educational
Institutes
1,800
2,700
4,200
TABLE 21
OTHER EDUCATIONAL/CULTURAL FACILITIES
1950
1953
1955
Libraries
' 747
1,014
1,205
Books
1,338,000
2,359,000
3,275,000
Clubs
891
860
861
Theaters
2
2
2
Movie Projectors'
320
429
518
'Museums
2
2
2
E. Conmmnications
The communications system of Kurganskaya Oblast is very .
antiquated and inadequate to serve the needs of the oblast; this
- 22 -
S E C R. E T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy A?proved for Release 2013/08/21 CIA-RDP81-01043ROM9nn9ann1 1 g
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
applies to both urban and rural areas. The telephone linessexcept in
Kurgan, still use the manual syitem of switching and most of the
telephone exchanges operate only a part of the day. Kurgan has had an
automatic system only Since 1953. It is designed to serve only 2,000
subscribers in a city which had a population at the time of nearly
100,000 inhabitants.
Communications between Kurganskaya Oblast and the centers
of governmental control in Western USSR are made principally by radio
because telephone and telegraph wires are expensive due to the long
distances and maintenance problems involved.
Recent Soviet reports have strongly indicated that the new
Economic Decentralization Program decided on at the February 1957
Plenary Session of the Central Committee may necessitate radical
changes in the existing radial* system of communications. It has
been suggested that the radial system be abandoned in favor of a point-
to-point system. To do this it will be necessary to increase the
number of cable and radio relay lines. At the present time, Soviet
estimates indicate that up to 90 per cent of the traffic goes from
the intra-rayon stations to the oblast center. The economic control:-
ling agencies, the Councils of the National Economy, reportedly con-
eider this system unsuitable for their requirements.
In rural areas of the oblast as in Western Siberia and
Kazakhstan as a whole, a communications system has been established
*Under this system the oblast centers do not have direct com-
munications with each other except via large zonal stations and in some
cases via Moskva. This situation also exists on the rayon level where
the rayon centers are linked only through the oblast centers..
-23-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R00220074nn11_c
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECR?ET
on the basis of an intra-oblast radio network using the radio receiv-
ing and sending set, the "Urozhay-1.11* Soviet sources indicate that
much of this oblastis rural area has been equipped with this dispatcher
means of communication which provides an efficient and rapid means of
communication throughout the rural areas. A further useful feature
is that it can readily be connected up with the regular telephone
system. If the machine tractor stations are abolished, their communica-
tions equipment can be transferred to key collective farms in order to
maintain the existing efficiency in the communications.
IV. Socio -Economic Factors
A. Housing
A serious housing shortage exists in both urban and rural
areas of the oblast and the present rate of residential construction
falls short of meeting the demand. During the 3-year period (1954-
1956) about 7 million sq. ft. of housing were built for workers
throughout the oblast. Housing is poor by USSR and RSFSR legal stand-
ards, and although the housing hygienic-norm established by law for
populated places of the
RSFSR is 96.8 sq. ft. per person, the majority
of urban areas in the oblast do not meet this standard.
The bulk of housing in urban centers consists of single-story
wood structures, including many log cabins; multistory apartment
houses are found along the main streets of the major cities. In rural
*This system operates as follows: The Directorate of Agriculture
maintains dispatcher radio communications with a single station (for-
merly an NTS) having a more powerful unit; this unit acts as a trans-
mitting and receiving point for 10 to 15 different stations. Such
stations combined are known as a communications group. Each individual
station in turn has its own 7,Urozhay-111 radio-reCeiving and sending
set which maintains contact with various brigades working in the field.
The average sending distance of this set is effective over a distance
of from 25 to 35 miles; a booster "Urozhay" set is used to extend the
sending distances. The radio industry plants of the USSR reportedly
produced about 70,000 of these sets over a period of several years.
S E.0 R E T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SECRET
areas, particularly in collective farm villages, log cabins are most
common. Except in the larger cities, basic utilities such as sewerage
and water systems are either inadequate or nonexistpt. The problem
of providing additional housing, however, is probably most critical
in the larger cities of Kurgan and Shadrimk. Reportedly, construc-
tion of about 50 multistory buildings is underway at present in Kurgan.
The state has adopted some measures to encourage residential
construction. During the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1951-1955) about 130
multi-apartment houses and 1,000 private houses were provided for the
inhabitants of Kurgan through grants extended by the government. In
anticipation of future needs, the RSFSR Ministry of Building Materials
Industry has established a wall block plant in Kurgan which; when
completed, will reportedly have an output of 3,531,000 cu. ft. of
blocks per year.
The state has also recently encouraged the construction of
housing by individuals by granting loans as provided by the Law on
Extending Credit for Individual Housing Construction through Communal
Banks and Agricultural Bank Institutions, dated 16 May 1955. As
shown below, however, this law provides preferential treatment for
certain classes:
Group
Amount
of Loan
,(Rubles)
Period
of Loan
Laborers, engineering and technical
workers, and civil employees
7,000
7
Teachers and doctors (urban areas)
10,000
7
Teachers (rural areas)
10,000
10
Doctors (rural areas)
12,000
10
Officers retired from Soviet
Army and Navy after 14 April 1953
10,000
10
-25-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
A similAr law providing for construction of houses by individuals
allows each builder a plot of ground 3,200-6,500 sq. ft. in urban
areas and 7,500-12,900 sq. ft. in rural areas, the exact size of the
plot determined by the executive committees of the kray, oblast, city,
or rayon soviet. Under this law the size of the house is limited to
2 stories and the number of rooms to 5. The maximum number of rooms
reimains at 5, even though several individuals may build a house
together.
A third, new approach to the housing. problem in urban areas
is that of "cooperative" apartment construction. Under this system
the enterprise which employs the individuals concerned arranges through
the state bank for loans and materials needed in construction. All the
labor is furnished by the applicants for the apartments, although when
it is completed the building becomes the property of the particular
enterprise sponsoring the construction.
Other problems related to housing construction include the
availability of building supplies and materials and inefficient
planning by the ministries. The oblast has abundant building materials
such as clay and limestone but these resources have not been suffi-
ciently exploited to keep up. with the need for materials, and limestone
is actually brought into the oblast from other places. At the same time
the need for materials has been so acute in rural areas that an inten-
sive program for using cane (kamysh) pressed into panels is under way.
B. Food Supplies
With almost 75 per cent of Kurganskayals working population
engaged in agriculture and with an expanding virgin and waste lands
program, the level of food production in the oblast is high. The oblast
produces an abundance of grain, dairy products, and dattle, which in
normal years is more than adequate for the subsistence of its population.
- 26 -
S-E C R E T '
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SlCRET
At such times the surplus is delivered to contiguous more industrial-
ized ?blasts.
Food processing centers within a large number of the urban
areas include large flour mills, meat canning plants, and dairies.
Thus, the urban areas are well supplied with food products. The
delivery of agricultural products is greatly facilitated by the loca-
tion of all the urban areas, except Kurtamysh? along the rail lines.
The general pattern of distribution of dairy and cattle-raising units
such as the sovkhozes further facilitates the distribution of the food
supply. The dairy, livestock, and hog-raising sovkhozes are located
primarily in the northwest and also in the river valley between the
Tobol and Iset. The grain sovkhozes are located mainly in the eastern
part of the oblast, while the sheep-raising sovkhozes are located in
the extreme south. All these areas are well served by rail.
Because of cyclical droughts agricultural production fluctu-
ates markedly; any severe drought nullifies the importance of the
oblast as a surplus agricultural producer and even affects the food-
stores level maintained for consumers within the oblast.
C. Transportation
1. General
The transportation network within Kurganskaya Oblast is
adequately developed for the oblast's needs; all urban areas with the
exception of Ktrtamysh are rail served,. and the highway system is
fairly extensive and under continuing development. River transporta-
tion, however, is extremely limited.
2. Rail
The Chelyabinsk-Petropavlovsk double-track section of
the Trans-Siberian Railroad, extending (through Ktrgan) serves
the central part of the oblast. The northern section is served by a
?
- 27 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
single-track branch line, extending from Kurgan to Sverdlovsk, which
is an important link with the industrial Urals region. This branch
is reportedly being double-tracked. A single-track branch* leading
S from Utyak (5 miles E of Kurgan) to Peski (Kokchetavskaya Oblast,
Kazakhskaya SSR) serves the SE section of the oblast and provides access
to the Kazakhskaya SSR (refer to Map IV, Transportation, Resources,
and Military Control). Electrificatior0* of the Shumikha-Kurgan section
of the Trans-Siberian Railroad was reportedly completed in December
1957 and electrification of this line as far E as Makushino is nearly
completed. Electrification is of particular importance since the
freight-carrying capacity of the lines and 'the speed of the trains will
be increased and a considerable savings in fuel will result. The
existing rail lines allow a free flow of materials between the Urals
region, West Siberia, and the Kazakhskaya SSR. Freight includes
prefabricated houses, steel, stone, lumber, and other building
materials moving from the Urals region and contiguous areas into
Kazakhstan and grain from Kazakhstan shipped N towards the Urals.
Some of these products, of course, are delivered in Kurganskaya
Oblast.
A greater use of the rail transport facilities in the
oblast has been made since 1940, particularly in the volume of freight
moving into the oblast from other areas. The quantities Of freight
going out of the oblast annually did not increase markedly between
1940 and 1955; this figure was 2,035,000 metric tons in the first
year, and 2,504,000 in the latter (23 per cent increase). However,
the quantities entering the oblast annually increased by 220 per cent
in the 16-year period; 1,7720000 metric tons in the first year and
narrow-gauge, this line was converted to broad gauge
in 1956-1957.
**Reportedly, electrification was completed on the railroad line
between Chelyabinsk and Kurgan in November 1957.
-28-
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
.s
?SECqRET
5,700,000 in the latter? It would be interesting if these figures
were broken down, for the type of commOdities being brought in would
.. ?
be good proof that the oblast is being developed industrially.
The new rail line to the Kazakhskaya SSR and the double-tracking of
the line running NW to Sverdlovsk mentioned above will expand the
capacity of the few existing lines?
. 3. Elp23.?_at
A 20-inch petroleum pipeline extends from the Tuymazy
fields in Bashkirskaya ASSR through the oblast eastwards beyond
Omsk to Tatarsk (Novosibirdkaya Oblast) paralleling the Trans-
I.
Siberian rail line? A second pipeline (reportedly about 28 inches
in diaMeter) is under construction? It mill fall= essentially the
same route as the first and will be linked to the first by a series
of looped connections. T6 date construction has reportedly been
completed to Chumlyak in Kurganskaya Oblast (see Map IV - Transporta-
tion, Resources, and Military Control)* Crude oil and gasoline are
reportedly moving through these lines at present? When completed the
lines, it is claimed, will run as far eastwards as Irkutsk, Irkutskaya
Oblast? Principal points along the route are said to be Ufa, Chelya-
binsk, Kurgan, Petropavlovsk, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and Irkutsk. The
lines are already proving a valuable supplement to the transporta-
tion system and when completed will allow a rapid flow of fuel between
such major regions as the Urals, West Siberia, East Siberia, .and the
Kazakhskaya'SSR,,_
4. Highway
Although the highway network is fairly exteneive, the
quality of the roads on the whole is poor? The majority have dirt
surfaces and are almost impassable under adverse weather conditions?
Two recently completed roads have greatly improved highway transporta-
tion in the oblast; the first runs northwards ,from Kustanayskaya
, p -Ii
? - 29 -
SECRET
-11?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
SE CRET
Oblast through Ust-Uyskiy' to Shumikha and will serve grain-producing
rayons in the oblast; the second runs northwards from perinogolovskoye
to Kurgan and will probably be extended into the Urals. Traffic on
both includes shipments of agricultural produce, chemical fertilizers,
and building materials flowing southwards through the oblast towards
the Kazakhskaya SSR.
5. Water
The river system of the oblast is not well developed,
particularly in the Eastern part of the oblast. The main artery, the
Tobol, flows 290 miles through the oblast; first from W to E and then
northwards from the village of Zverinogolovskoys (southern part of the
oblast) to Rechkino in the north. It is used as a source of water
supply for industry. Freight (naiay grain) is shipped in small
barges. The 2 other principal rivers, the Iset and Miass? have minor
transport significance.
D. Utilities
Reportedly, in 1957 the power installations in Kurgan were
connected to the Ural Power System, if so, an uninterrupted supply
of electricity to the city and the Kurgan-Makushino and Kurgan-Shumikha
railway sectors is available.
One of the principal power installations located in the
oblast is Kurgan Heat and Power Plant TETS (Target 0164-0201), with a
capacity of 75,000 kilowatts.
Since Kurganskaya Oblast's economy is. essentially agricul-
tural, 'a large number of the power facilities are in rural areas.
These consist principally of hydroelectric power plants distributed
throughout the rural areas; about 153' (possibly not all hydroelectric)
were constructed between 1946 and 1953. They are generally small, and
service only the immediate needs of the surrounding community. A
- 30 7
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
typical plant of this type is one in Kargopolskiy rayon, which sup-
plies power to 7 collective farms, the rayon center, state farms, and
a number of industrial enterprises within the rayon.
There are several plans underway for developing the power
resources of the oblast. One calls for utilization of the water
power of the Tobol through construction of 5 to 7 dams on the
?Zverinogolovsk-Rechkino sector of the river; this will improve naviga-
tion and at the same time will eliminate the flooding of populated
places and arable land. Another plan is to develop the hydroelectric
potential of the Iset and Miass rivers.
The oblast contains many fuel supplies which form a stable
base for its power industry. Existing fuel reserves include, among
others,a large area of turf peat deposits which extend from Mishkino
to Shumikha, roughly 30 miles. These are utilized by the collective
farms' electric power plants and local industrial enterprises. The
peat is made into briquets to which have been added coal particles
from coal obtained in the neighboring Chelyabinsk basin. Another
important source of fuel is the fuel pipeline running through the
entire oblast (see Map IV - Transportation, Resources, and Military
Control; also Sec. IV, C, - Transportation) through which crude oil
and some refined fuels such as gasoline are flowing today. Bulk sta-
tions within the oblast along the line tap the required petroleum
products needed for the use of the oblast.
The water supply of the oblast is more than adequate. There
are about 2,000 lakes in the oblast; of these 1,400 are fresh water
lakes and are utilized by rural populated places and many of the urban.
areas.
Public utilities such as trolley-busses were introduced in
Kurgan in about 1954; however such service is lacking in many urban
- 31 -
S E-C RE T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y A proved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET'
areas in the oblast.. Workers are transported to their jobs in trucks.
Sewerage facilities exist in the larger cities and are being expanded
and rebuilt.
E. Economic Characteristics
The economy of Kurganskaya Oblast is based upon agriculture
and related light industry. Some heavy industry-has developed since
1940, and althrough its growth has played a major role in increasing
industrial production in the oblast by 400 per cent in the period
1940-1956, such production remains relatively unimportant when compared
to the production of more highly industrialized oblasts in West Siberia.
The smallest oblast in the West Siberian Region, Kurganskaya
has the highest proportion of utilizable land and sown acreage.
Almost two-thirds of the land area of the oblast? or 11.12 million
acres, comprises utilizable land, and of this 65 per cent, or
7,413,000 acres, is under cultivation. By comparison, only 4,127,000
of a total of 10,305,000 acres of utilizable land in Tyumenskaya
Oblast, the largest area in the region, are under cultivation.
The raising of grain and cattle, the most important agricul-
tural activities, support the dairy, flour nailing, meat-processing,
and tanning industries in the oblast. Wheat comprises two-thirds of
the grain crop; rye, oats, sunflowers, and mustard seed are raised in
smaller quantities. Corn is a relatively new and unimportant crop.
Heavy industry in Kurgan? the oblast center, includes the
production of agricultural machinery, road construction machinery,
pasienger buses, and various metal products. Shadrinsk has a steel
rolling mill, an aluminum plant, and a plant which produces printing
machinery. Agricultural machinery and railroad equipment are produced
in Petukhovo. Fire-fighting equipment is produced in several smaller
urban areas.
-32-
SECRET
?
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co?yA proved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-ninal PrVIOOnnnAnnAA
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
SECRET
The food processing, tanning, and garment industries are the
most important of the light industries.
The peat industry, timber and mood-processing industry, and
the building materials industry are potentially important but are
relatively undeveloped. Peat deposits within the oblast are extensive
but have not been adequately exploited, and in 1956 the oblast ranked
6 out of 7 in the region in peat cutting. About 81.2 million cu. ft.
of timber and lumber were cut in 1955, which compares favorable with
the output of other oblasts in the region. Floods in the 1938-48
period, however, covered large forest reserves, seriously damaging
_large tracts of standing timber and made them unsuitable for proces-
sing. The lack of adequate surveys of mineral resources has curbed
the growth of the building materials industry and to date, the only
deposits surveyed have been along the rail lines. Although several
building materials enterprises have been established, most building
materials must still be supplied from other areas.
KurganskayOs industrial importance in relation to the West
Siberian Region as a whole is minor. In 1956 industrial output totaled
47.2 million units; by comparison, Kemerovskaya Oblast in the same year
produced 522.1 million units. The over-ail economy of the oblast,
however, is closely related to the economy of the Urals Region, the
West Siberian Region, and, in part, to that of the Kazakhskaya SSR.
Food products (butter, meat, and flour) are shipped from Kurganskaya
to these areas; some metal products are also shippea to the Central
Region and to northwestern USSR.
'Because of the ?blast's small size its virgin and waste lands
development program is dwarfed by those of other areas in West Siberia.
In 1953 the oblast had 'a total of about 1.5 million acres of waste
lands; the amount of virgin lands was negligible. In the period
S .E CR E T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
?
? 1-
SiCRET
1954-1956, about 1.13 million acres of land were developed in Kurgan-
skaya, as compared with 6.78 millidn acres in Altayskiy Kray and 2.8
million acres in OmBkaya Oblast. Nevertheless, the land development
program has opened up possibilities for increasing utilizable land in
the oblast.
TABLE XII
ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL
URBAN POPULATION
Number of
Population Range Urban Areas Population Per Cent
100,000-500,000
50,000-1009000
1.
--
126;000
--
43
20,000- 50,000
1
47,000
16
100000- 20,000
5
64,000
22
Ls than 10,000
55.000
.12.
Total
-2
14
292,000
100
V. Urban Areas
The estimated 292,000 urban population in the oblast are located
in 14 areas classified as urban? Forty-three per cent of the urban
population is concentrated in the oblast capital, Kurgan. Six urban
areas, containing 10,000 or more people but less than 10000000 have
38 per cent of the urban population. The remaining 7 (less than
10,000) contain 19 per cent of the urban population?
Kurganskaya Oblast contains the following urban areas:
Kurg_an
55-26 N; 65-18 E.
Population: 126,000 (1958 est.).
Administrations City of oblast subordination; center
of Kurganskaya Oblast and of Administrative Area A.
Oblast Committee of Communist Party; City and '
Oblast Executive Committees; City Military Commis-
sariat; City Housing Administration; Oblast Admin-
istration of Light Industry, Social Insurance,
Industrial Construction; Council of the National
- 34 -
E C.11 E T
Declassified in Part- Sanitized CopyApprovedforRelease2013/08/21 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y A proved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
n
-?
SE C RET
Kurgan Economy (Sovnarkhoz). Kurgan ZAGS (Civil Status
(Contd.) Records) Office; Oblast Consumers' Cooperative;
Administration of Agriculture; Oblast Military Hq.,
MVD, KGB; Oblast Administration of Labor Reserves;
RSFSR Ministry of Culture Office.
Military: MVD Department of Local Anti-Aircraft
Defense. Office of MV])Archives; Oblast MVD Militia
Hq.; Oblast Society for Cooperation with Army, Air
Force and Navy (DOSAAF); Oblast Red Cross/Red
Crescent Society.
Airfields: One Class 5 (civil/Military).
Transrortation: Division Headquarters, Southern Urals
Railroad System; engine depot, turnaround point for
Shadrinsk? car repair shop, steam engine house.
Economic: Agricultural machinery (est. 0.7% of Soviet
Bloc capacity); chemical equipment (est. 0.3% of
Soviet Bloc capacity); machines for digging mine
shafts; electric pumps; woodworking machine tools;
buses; road construction equipment; dairy and fire-
fighting equipment. Flour milling; meat canning;
yeast and beer brewing. Petroleum storage; heat
and power plant. Tanning industry. Building
Materials Industry.
Educational: Agricultural and pedagogical institutes;
agricultural and machine building tekhnikums,
medical training school; railroad and handicrafts
schools.
Shadrinsk 56-05 N; 63-3? E.
Population: 475,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: City of oblast subordination, center
of Shadrinskiyllayon.
Military: Military training school.
Airfields: One Class 5 (military).
Economic: Aluminum plant; motorcycles, automotive
parts, printing equipment, footwear, garments,
flour milling, distilling, sawmillingpmeat canning
flax spinning, weaving, and steel rolling nvi11. Large
grain elevator. Two thermal power plants. Tanning
industry.
Transportation: Steam engine house; railroad station,
yards, and shops.
Educational: Pedagogical institute, correspondence _
Division of Urals Polytechnic Institute; specialized
educational insitutes: mechanization of agriculture,
trade cooperatives, medical, and music schools.
Agricultural experimental station.Petukhovo 55-03 N; 67-53 E.
Population: 17,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Town of rayon subordination; center
of Petukhovskiy Rayon.
Transportation: Railroad station.
Economic: Agricultural center, processing of dairy
products, production of farm machinery and railroad
equipment.
- 35 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co?yApproved for Release 2013/08/21 . CIA RDP81-ninaqpnfloonrIn AnnA A I-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
Petukhovo Educational: Agricultural tekhnikum; teachers' training
7.3ng77- institute.
Shunikha 5573/1. N; 63-17 E.
Population: 14,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Town of rayon subordination; center
of Shumikhinskiy Rayon.
Transportation: Turnaround point for Chelyabinsk,
steam engine house; railroad station, yards, and
shops.
Economic: Wheat, butter, flax, poultry; food proces-
sing plants. Bearing-repair plant.
lUrtamysh 54-55 N; 64-27 E.
Population: 13,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Workers settlement; center of
Kurtamyshskiy Rayon.
Transportation: Railroad repair shops.
Economic: Flour milling.
Educational: .Agricultural tekhnikum; teachers'
training school.
Makushino 55-13 N;,67-13 E.
Population: 10,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Workers settlement; center of
Makushinakiy Rayon.
Transportation: Terminus of Omsk Railroad System and
Southern Urals Railroad System; turnaround point for
Petropavlovsk.
Economic: Flour milling; metalworking.
Educational: Zooveterinary tekhnikum.
Shchuchye
Dalmatovo
Kataysk
Lebyamhvs
55-12 N; 62-46 E.
Population: 10,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Town of rayon subordination; center
of Shchuchanskiy Rayon.
Economic: Agricultural center, flour milling; metal-
working; production of fire-fighting equipment.
56-17 N; 62-58 E.
Population: 9,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Town of rayon subordination; center
of Dalmatovskiy Rayon,
Economic: Flour milling, dairying; dairy equipment
production.
56-18 N; 63-35 E.
Population: 9,000 (1958 est.)6
Administration: Town of rayon subordination; center
of Katayskiy Rayon.
Economic: Flour milling, metalworking, pumps.
Educational: teacher training school.
55-17 N; 66-28 E.
Population: 9,000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Workers settlement; center of
Lebyazhevskiy Rayon.
- 36 -
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
?
SECRET
atzuhll Economic: Flour milling, health resort.
(Contd.)
Mishkin? 55-20 N; 63-55 E.
gpatian: 99000 (1958 est.).
Administrations Workers settlement; center of Myshkin-
skiy Rayon.
Economic: Flour milling, dairying. Production of
fire-fighting equipment.. -
Educational: Teachers' training school; school for
agronomists.
Vargashi
55-23 N; 65-58 E.
k2pulation: 79000 (1958 est.).
Administration: Workers settlement; center of'
Vargashinskiy Rayon.
Economic: Flour.nilling; production of fire-fighting
equipment.
Iurgamysh 55-21 N; 64-28 E.
Population: 69000 (1958 est.).
Administration': Workers settlement; center of
Yurgamyshskiy Rayon.
Economics Dairying.
Krasnyy OktYabr 55-37.N; 64-48 E0
Population: 69000 (1958 est.)..
Administrations Workers settlement in Yurgamyshskiy
Rayon.
Economic: Creamery9 lumber9 woodworking industry,
railroad tie impregnating plant.
Educational: Factory-training school.
- 37 -
SECRET'
i
Declassified n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
62?
63?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
.64?
65?-
66.? ?
67?
S V E R DL 0 V SKAYA
OBL AST
Cf
\
\ O(Shatrovo) 41
/ )
i ?
F-
r Jr-
i
L
? tk,,
? ,
i --
t,
I t \
1

'a \ 1
? k- / '. '?(1-"" \ 0 (Marayskoye)
S
I \ ) t "NI i .......
L ,
(-- \ \ t. \_ e
4111?
< , %?\ . ?. ,......., .0,-1 , s (Chastoozerskoye)
El (GalkIno)
< N..., N., -? ... j ......' \
A
L I
) ?- 'N
ri
L --,
..,,J
r-.1
I ,--
) \
>- ) (KIrovo) 0 1? , - / \ .1r) `.
( KURGANSKIY RAYON \ 1
`Th ?-? rI)
r- ....-. 7.1 \ ? J
) \ ...? - -?-???? \
(WedenskoYe) i r I \
, \ r_o j s-1---- --1
tJ r? _J \
a .. SR (...) 1 \
\ rs,/ / CI\ VargashI 0 c) I
07 ?......
I k ?-'
i
lj AdmAlnrelsatr:atIve. 420(ektoU:G)AN
I/ /
A.
(
ri
) Lebyazhye ?
/ \
1
<
\ ...../ \
.-- \
.... ?"-- \...- - RN -
e55
f--;-..' 1
/ ClYurgamYsh I 1 --
I
) ,
) Mishkin? El
) /
) / ('N._ C../ MakushIno C3
\
?e--...
r
1,e" \ 1 i \.- '... 1 r?-.. a ?
SHCHUCHYE 0 1 SHUMIKHAO ( 1 ) ( ?
\ 1 ?-"".? \ 1 1
03 I ?... ???-? 1 1 ( PETUKH/OVO 0
. s
I \ 1--
_
/ -\(/ jz:-. 1../ 1
s ri
/
f--k? --- a v
) 1
/ ?, j.i- ?1 ,..../
?
?-?__ -1
\ ( \
\
1 ( 5- - \ ,....)
)
(
41
680
\./
-J
r?-? .???
e
r?i????????.?
40.4?
(Lopatkl)s
55? (SatakuleVo) 1 \?/
(AImenevo) ).
KURTAMYSH
0 (Glyadyanskoye)
se ?
54?
a r, ) ,I ? )??? ...--- ? .../ 1, \\
i l -Pe (Polovinnoye)
I ?
1 ?-..,/e% \ \ ..... \-
N., ?\1.?
f ?--?/..j .....
r
...I
/
)
? "1 ) ? ...r? ,
, , _ , 0
f ...?., , c 1 ,.--
.__
---.....,/
?
?,---- I S
vl r r .., --,.,..ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORAL DIVISIONS
\ MAP II
c. ?
1 .......j
, KURGANSKAYA OBLAST
UST-U YSKIY >
I. 1 P., LEG EN D
1- \ (zverinogolovskoye
P
R A YON \ S
1 ? k e '- ,k .??_ INTERNATIO'NAL BOUNDARY
OMR ? M.11 REPUBLIC BOUNDARY
..1 0
,..0?1 N. ??%.; S 09LAST, KRAY, OR ASSR BOUNDARY
Aro' ? or, ,
0 P.,
(Novo?Kocherdyk) . I) ....'"... A 7.7.: p:A;NNABLo.uoNKDRAuR:souNDARy
?( N.\
.......? ? \ o \ s? " \k AUTONOMOUS OBLAST BOUNDARY
P1/4
IA. .
SECRET
*C")
? ..??????
? ..????
?
? ?????????
SCALE
O to 20 30
...in. ? .,??,??P
413 50 ,
KILOMETERS
0 A 0.-4
A *REPUBLIC CAPITAL
OBLAST, KRAY,OR ASSR CAPITAL
S KEY TO PLACE NAMES * OKRUG CAPITAL
K A 0 RAYON CENTER
.. 0 AREA CENTER
to 20 30 441 50
'NAUTICAL MILES
O 20 0 50
'STATUTE MILES
?
MOLOTOV ? CITY OF REPUBLIC SUBORDINATION
KIZEL ?CITY OF OBLAST,KRAY,OR ASSR SUB.
OCHER ? TOWN OF RAYON SUBORDINATION
Blair ? URBAN SETTLEMENT
(AkTOLIKY) ? NON-URBAN POPULATED PLACE
PLACE NAMES USED IN KEY ARE,ONLY TO -
ILLUSTRATE TYPE SIZE
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
IF NO RAYON NAME APPEARS. NAME IS SAME AS
THAT OF THE RAYON CENTER
69? SECRET
,
'ACCOMPANIES OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION ithrgy NO.
PREPARED iYAIR RESEARCH IH.YISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
'r ?
56?
55?
54?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
'
SHUMIKHA
KEY TO PLACE NAMES
MOLOTOV - CITY OF REPUBLIC SUBORDINATION
KIZEL -CITY OF OBLAST,KRAY,OR ASSR SUB.
OCHER - TOWN OF RAYON SUBORDINATION
Mier' URBAN SETTLEMENT
- NON?URBAN POPULATED PLACE
PLACE NAMES USED IN KEY ARE ONLY TO
ILLUSTRATE TYPE SIZE
??, ?%!..Ceti,?-.,,t;!',14",f7r.:?,?.-:,:t;'??_,?'..--,,,,t. ? - - ??-
MAP III
KURGANSKAYA OBLAST
POPULATION
0 500,000 AND OVER
O 100,000-500,000
o 50000-100.000
O 20,000-50,000
? 10,000-20.000 LESS THAN 10
PERSONS
O LESS THAN 10,000
FOR RAYON NAMES REFER TO MAP II
1 ACCOMPARIES OBLAST POUTICAL ANO.,POpylATT,SUBVEY,T10:-?
? .
PREPARED BY AIR'RESCAR61.DIVISiON 'LIBRARY Of CONG-liESS??,'.-,t.,,
- ??? AL=
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5
56?
55?
54
TO
63"
65*
SECR
V E R DLO V SK A
Y A
0 BL AST
41
Ve-
f?
co
0
>-
C4XXX XX
Ic
/???(.. o skoye)
Ic
KATAYS ?
4
SHADNINSK.
SHADRINSK A/F 0
Rechkino)
4
LAKE
CHERNOYE
KURGAN A/F
0
X.10c)00000c
7,"009ex
? Yurgamysh
Vargashi
to 04ELY
OD
(Chumlyak)
XXXXXYXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX
(APPROXIMATE ALIGNMENT)
XX XX XXXX
Makushino
PETUKHOVO ?
(Polovinnoye)
0
..????? ? ??,'""??
? ? ? ? ??? ?
????
SCALE
SECRET
,
2
. ?-?????????? ???????? ?
0 40 50
KILOMETERS
10 20 30 40 50
INAUTICAL MILES
1????
Ii
0 20 0 0 50 '
ISTATUTE MILES
r'
?
..(Zverinogolovskoye)(
? '"???,..
?
.0
KEY TO PLACE NAMES
MOLOTOV CITY OF REPUBLIC SUBORDINATION
KIZEL ? CITY OF OBLAST,KRAY,OR ASSR SUB.
OCHER ? TOWN OF RAYON SUBORDINATION
Biser ,? URBAN SETTLEMENT
(AktolleY) ? NOWURBAN POPULATED PLACE
PLACE NAMES USED IN KEY ARE ONLY TO
ILLUSTRATE TYPE SIZE
RESOURCES
IC/ GRAIN
?ar LIVESTOCK
TIMBER
FERROUS METALS
NONFERROUS METALS
COAL
?
,
PETROLEUM
?
OTHER MINERALS
co
? %,..0 k.
Xx)00000c tt,
0
C.)
N".
st. 0 pern 0
Pocot,?
MAP IV
KUkGANSKAYA OBLAST
? TRANSPORTATION, RESOURCES, AND
MILITARY CONTROL
LEGEND
________ SINGLE TRACK RAILROAD
DOUBLE TRACK RAILROAD
NARROW GAUGE RAILROAD
HIGHWAY OR ROAD
XXx'XXX,FUEL PIPELINE
0 RIVER PORT
AIRFIELDS
CLASS OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY (WHEN SERVICEABLE)
O i Heavy Bombers- Medium Bombers and Jet Light Bombers
* 2 Limited, Heavy Bombers ? Medium Bombers
* 3 Potential Heavy Bombers*. Medium Bombers and Jet Fighters
? 4 Light Transports, Piston engine Fighters, Limited Jet Fighters
O 5 Other Operational or potentially Important Airfields
56?
55?
54?
ACCOMPANIES OBLAST.7,POLITICAL!AND;PditiiATION-SURWyNOLIL'.
PREPARED BY'AIR RESEARCH DIVISION. ilIRRARY OF CONGRESS,:
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002200240011-5