FACT BOOK ON INTELLIGENCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00530R000701680019-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 35
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2013
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: September 1, 1987
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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FACT BOOK
ON
IINTELJGENCE
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Public Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
Phone: [phone]
[phone]
For Information on Employment:
Director of Personnel
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
Phone: [phone]
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY FACTBOOK
CONTENTS
Page
2 Aerial Photograph of CIA Headquarters
3 The CIA Seal Described and Interpreted
4 CIA Chronology
6 The Genesis of the CIA
8 Directors and Deputy Directors?Tenures of Office
9 Chart?Director of Central Intelligence Command Responsibilities
10 Biography of Judge William H. Webster?Director of Central
Intelligence
11 Photograph of Judge William H. Webster
12 Biography of Robert M. Gates?Deputy Director of Central
Intelligence
13 Photograph of Robert M. Gates
14 The Director of Central Intelligence and His Principal Deputies
16 Chart?The Intelligence Cycle
17 The Intelligence Cycle Described
18 The President's Intelligence Organization
20 Chart?The Intelligence Community
21 Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and House Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence
22 Book of Honor
23 The Memorial Stars
24 CIA Medals Described
25 Photograph of Medals
26 Headquarters Building and Auditorium Described
28 Nathan Hale Photo
29 How to Obtain CIA Publications & Maps Available to the Public
30 Central Intelligence Agency CREDO
31 We Are Often Asked
33 Presidential Visits to CIA
September 1987
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LOG
THE ,C1A- SEAL
Section 2 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 provided fora
---,-..,/, Jr ,
seal of_office for CIA. The design_ojt?th;e7fistlje)',017,kwas approved and setlifirth\in
frr .7,-7777
, \Jcm
17 February 1950 in President-,TrUffan'As,,ExeCutiv-e)Order 10111. \
?-)
ps;Executive Order-10 -4-1-1i-the-CIA-seal-is-described in heraldic terms as
1 __ ) 1 ,,.,
followsLt -1 i
ti-SHIELD: Argent, a ompass rose di, sixteen points gules.
?,CREST. On a wreath argent and gules an American bald eagle'Firea, d
r c------1 .
erased proper. \I ///

g c' i
.....----7
Below the shield on a gold colorscroll-the inscription "United States of
Arnerice in red lettei., and-encirclit1-6 the-shield7-7and crest at the top 'the
[
inscription "Central Intelligence-AgencY",in\white letters.
I ; //z/ti I (\.\
All on background with\a narrow gold edge.
'a circular blue
-r iif \\ -A
,0?.A , ,
Theinterpretation Of the CIA seal is as follows:
\
The American Eagle is the national bird and is a'symbol orkrength and
\ ? -- _-----_-----.?
\'' //
\....,,,--
alertness.
The radiatrig/spokes of the conipass rose clep,i\51t., e coverage of
intelligerice data4ral-iraareas of the world to a ceritralPpirit/
477 07
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CHRONOLOGY
11 July 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt appoints William J. Donovan
Coordinator of Information.
13 June 1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9182,
establishing the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and naming
as its Director, William J. Donovan, a prominent lawyer who
won the Congressional Medal of Honor as an Army Colonel in
World War I. Donovan remained a civilian until 2 April 1943
when he was promoted to a Brigadier General. He advanced to
the rank of Major General on 10 November 1944.
1 October 1945 President Harry S Truman's Executive Order 9621 disbands
the OSS and its functions are absorbed by the State and War
Departments.
22 January 1946 President Truman signs a Presidential Directive establishing
the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) to operate under the
direction of the National Intelligence Authority (NIA). Rear
Admiral Sidney W. Souers, USNR, appointed the first Direc-
tor of Central Intelligence (DCI).
18 September 1947 The National Security Act of 1947 replaces the NIA with the
National Security Council (NSC) and the CIG with the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
20 June 1949 Congress enacts Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949,
supplementing the 1947 Act by specifying special fiscal and
administrative procedures for the Agency.
4 August 1955 President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill authorizing $46
million for construction of a CIA headquarters building.
3 November 1959 President Eisenhower presides at laying of cornerstone of CIA
headquarters building in Langley, Virginia.
20 September 1961 First employees begin to move into new headquarters from
various offices in Washington, D.C. area.
4 January 1975 President Gerald R. Ford signs Executive Order 11828 creat-
ing the Commission on CIA Activities within the United
States. Chaired by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, the
Commission submitted its report on CIA domestic activities to
the President on 6 June 1975.
27 January 1975
4
The Senate establishes its Senate Select Committee to Study
Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activi-
ties under the chairmanship of Senator Frank Church (D.,
Idaho). The Church Committee investigated the nation's intel-
ligence activities for 15 months and was disestablished upon
submission of its final report on 26 April 1976.
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19 February 1975 The House establishes its House Select Committee on Intelli-
gence to investigate allegations of "illegal or improper" activities
of federal intelligence agencies here and abroad. Its first chair-
man was Representative Lucien Nedzi (D., Michigan), who was
later replaced by Representative Otis G. Pike (D., New York). On
29 January 1976, two days before the Committee was scheduled
to conclude its activities, the House voted to withhold public
dissemination of the Committee's final report.
19 February 1976 President Ford signs Executive Order 11905 which sets intelli-
gence policy and guidelines and establishes an intelligence
oversight mechanism.
19 May 1976 The Senate establishes a permanent Senate Select Committee
on Intelligence under the chairmanship of Senator Daniel K.
Inouye (D., Hawaii) to carry out oversight of the nation's
intelligence organizations.
14 July 1977 The House of Representatives establishes a House Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence. Chaired by Representative
Edward P. Boland (D., Massachusetts), it differs from the
SSCI in that it has oversight jurisdiction over the CIA but
shares with several other House committees legislative over-
sight authority over all other intelligence agencies.
4 August 1977 President Jimmy Carter announces reorganization of the
Intelligence Community, creating a high level committee
chaired by the DCI to set priorities for collecting and produc-
ing intelligence, and giving the DCI full control of budget and
operational tasking of intelligence collection.
24 January 1978 President Carter signs Executive Order 12036 which reshapes
the intelligence structure and provides explicit guidance on all
facets of intelligence activities.'
20 October 1981 President Reagan reconstitutes the President's Foreign Intelli-
gence Advisory Board and names 19 distinguished citizens
outside of government to serve on the Board.
4 December 1981 President Reagan signs Executive Order 12333 which clarifies
ambiguities of previous Orders and sets clear goals for the
Intelligence Community in accordance with law and regard for
the rights of Americans.
23 June 1982 President Reagan signs Public Law 97-200, the Intelligence
Identities Protection Act, imposing criminal penalties on those
who reveal the names of covert intelligence personnel.
15 October 1984 President Reagan signs the Central Intelligence Agency's Infor-
mation Act, an act to amend the FOIA Security Act of 1947 to
regulate public distribution of information held by the CIA.
1 November 1985 Vice President Bush presides at the laying of the cornerstone for the
Headquarters Building Expansion.
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THE GENESIS OF
THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The United States has carried on foreign intelligence activities since the
days of George Washington, but only since World War II have they been
coordinated on a government-wide basis.
Even before Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was con-
cerned about American intelligence deficiencies. He asked New York lawyer
William J. Donovan to draft a plan for an intelligence service. The Office of
Strategic Services was established in June 1942 with a mandate to collect and
analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to
conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies.
During the War it supplied policymakers with essential facts and
intelligence estimates and often played an important role in directly aiding
military campaigns.
But the OSS never received complete jurisdiction over all foreign
intelligence activities. Since the early 1930s the FBI had been responsible for
intelligence work in Latin America, and the military services protected their
areas of responsibility.
In October 1945, the OSS was disbanded and its functions absorbed by
the State and War Departments. But the need for a postwar centralized
intelligence system was clearly recognized. Eleven months earlier, Donovan,
by then a Major General, had submitted to President Roosevelt a proposal
calling for the separation of OSS from the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the new
organization having direct Presidential supervision.
Donovan proposed an "organization which will procure intelligence both
by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence
guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelli-
gence material collected by all government agencies."
Under his plan, a powerful centralized agency would have coordinated all
the intelligence services. He also proposed that this agency have authority to
conduct "subversive operations abroad," but "no police or law enforcement
functions, either at home or abroad."
Donovan's plan drew heavy fire. The military services generally opposed a
complete merger. The State Department thought it should supervise all
peacetime operations affecting foreign relations. The FBI supported a system
whereby military intelligence worldwide would be handled by the armed
services and all civilian activities under its own jurisdiction.
In response to this policy debate, President Harry S Truman established
the Central Intelligence Group in January 1946, directing it to coordinate
existing departmental intelligence, supplementing but not supplanting their
services. This was all to be done under the direction of the National
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L
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Intelligence Authority composed of a Presidential representative, and the
Secretaries of State, War and Navy. Rear Admiral Sidney W. Souers,
USNR, who was the Deputy Chief of Naval Intelligence, was appointed the
first Director of Central Intelligence.
Twenty months later, the NIA and its operating component, the CIG,
were disestablished. Under the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947
(which became effective on 18 September 1947) the National Security Council
and the Central Intelligence Agency were established.
Most of the statute's specific assignments given the CIA, as well as the
prohibitions on police and internal security functions, closely follow both the
original 1944 Donovan plan and the Presidential directive creating the CIG.
The 1947 Act charged the CIA with coordinating the nation's intelli-
gence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence
which affects national security. In addition, the Agency was to perform such
other duties and functions related to intelligence as the NSC might direct. The
Act also made the DCI responsible for protecting intelligence sources and
methods.
It was further stated that both the Director and the Deputy Director of
Central Intelligence were to be appointed by the President, subject to
confirmation by the Senate. An amendment of 4 April 1953 authorized such
appointments to be made either from individuals in civilian life or from
commissioned officers of the armed services, either in active or retired status,
provided that "at no time shall the two positions . . . be occupied simulta-
neously by commissioned officers."
In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act was passed supplementing
the 1947 Act. Congress enacted additional provisions permitting the Agency
to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures and exempting CIA
from many of the usual limitations on the expenditure of federal funds. It pro-
vided that CIA funds could be included in the budgets of other departments
and then transferred to the Agency without regard to the restrictions placed
on the initial appropriation. This Act is the statutory authority for the secrecy
of the Agency's budget.
In order to further protect intelligence sources and methods from
disclosure, the 1949 Act further exempted the CIA from having to disclose its
"organization, functions, names, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of
personnel employed."
Under these acts of Congress, the Director serves as the principal adviser
to the President and the National Security Council on all matters of foreign
intelligence related to the national security. CIA's responsibilities are carried
out subject to various directives and controls by the President and the NSC.
Today the CIA reports regularly to the Senate and House Select
Committees on Intelligence and the Senate and House Appropriations
Committees.
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DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE
RADM Sidney W. Souers, USNR
23 January 1946-10 June 1946
LTGEN Hoyt S. Vandenberg, USA
10 June 1946-1 May 1947
RADM Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, USN
1 May 1947-7 October 1950
GEN Walter Bedell Smith, USA
7 October 1950-9 February 1953
The Honorable Allen W. Dulles *
26 February 1953-29 November 1961
The Honorable John A. McCone
29 November 1961-28 April 1965
VADM William F. Raborn, Jr. (USN, Ret.)
28 April 1965-30 June 1966
The Honorable Richard Helms
30 June 1966-2 February 1973
The Honorable James R. Schlesinger
2 February 1973-2 July 1973
The Honorable William E. Colby
4 September 1973-30 January 1976
The Honorable George Bush
30 January 1976-20 January 1977
ADM Stansfield Turner (USN, Ret.) **
9 March 1977-20 January 1981
The Honorable William J. Casey
28 January 1981-29 January 1987
The Honorable William H. Webster
26 May 1987?
?Mr. Dulles served as Acting DCI from 9-26 February 1953
**Admiral Turner retired from the Navy on 31 December 1978 while serving as DCI
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DEPUTY DIRECTORS
Kingman Douglass *
2 March 1946-11 July 1946
BGEN Edwin K. Wright, USA
20 January 1947-9 March 1949
The Honorable William H. Jackson
7 October 1950-3 August 1951
The Honorable Allen W. Dulles
23 August 1951-26 February 1953
GEN Charles P. Cabe11, USAF
23 April 1953-31 January 1962
LTGEN Marshall S. Carter, USA
3 April 1962-28 April 1965
The Honorable Richard Helms
28 April 1965-30 June 1966
VADM Rufus L. Taylor, USN
13 October 1966-31 January 1969
LTGEN Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC
7 May 1969-31 December 1971
LTGEN Vernon A. Walters, USA **
2 May 1972-7 July 1976
The Honorable E. Henry Knoche ***
7 July 1976-31 July 1977
John F. Blake ****
31 July 1977-10 February 1978
The Honorable Frank C. Carlucci
10 February 1978-20 January 1981
ADM Bobby R. Inman, USN
12 February 1981-10 June 1982
The Honorable John N. McMahon
10 June 1982-28 March 1986
The Honorable Robert M. Gates *****
18 April 1986?
*Mr. Douglass served as Acting DDCI from 2 March-11 July 1946
??GEN Walters served as Acting DCI from 3 July 1973-3 September 1973
???Mr. Knoche served as Acting DCI from 20 January 1977-9 March 1977
????Mr. Blake served as Acting DDCI from 31 July 1977-10 February 1978
Mr. Gates served as Acting DCI from 18 December 1986-26 May 1987
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National
Intelligence
Council
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Director of Central Intelligence Command Responsibilities
General
Counsel
Inspector
H
General
Public Affairs H
Congressional
Affairs
DCI
DDCI
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Comptroller
DIRECTOR
INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY
STAFF
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
for
OPERATIONS
September 1987
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
for
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
H Office of Research
& Development
H Office of Development
& Engineering
Foreign Broadcast
Information Service
Office of
SIGINT Operations
Office of
Technical Service
HNational Photographic
Interpretation Center
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
for
INTELLIGENCE
Office of
Soviet Analysis
Office of
European Analysis
Office of Scientific
and Weapons Research
Office of Near Eastern &
South Asian Analysis
Office of Global Issues
Office of
East Asian Analysis
Office of
Imagery Analysis
Office of African &
Latin American Analysis
Office of Current
Production and
Analytic Support
Office of
Information Resources
Office of
Leadership
Analysis
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
for
ADMINISTRATION
Office of
Medical Services 1"
Office of Security
Office of Training
& Education
Office of Finance
1-
Office of Logistics I-1
Office of
Information Technology_
Office of Personnel
0E10
Office of
Communications
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BIOGRAPHY OF WILLIAM H. WEBSTER
William H. Webster was sworn in as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) on
26 May 1987. In this position he heads the Intelligence Community (all foreign
intelligence agencies of the United States) and directs the Central Intelligence Agency.
William H. Webster was born 6 March, 1924, in St. Louis, Missouri, and received
his early education in Webster Groves near St. Louis. He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts
degree from Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1947, where, in 1975, he
received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Judge Webster received his Juris Doctor
degree from Washington University Law School, St. Louis, Missouri, in 1949. He served
as a lieutenant in the United States Navy in World War II and again in the Korean War.
A practicing attorney with a St. Louis law firm from 1949 to 1959, Judge Webster
served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 1960 to 1961.
He returned to private practice in 1961. From 1964 to 1969, he was a member of the
Missouri Board of Law Examiners.
In 1970, Judge Webster was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Missouri and in 1973 was elevated to the United States Court
of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. He resigned on 23 February, 1978, to become Director
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During his service on the bench, Judge Webster
was Chairman of the Judiciary Conference Advisory Committee on the Criminal Rules
and was a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on Habeas Corpus and the Committee of
Court Administration.
A member of the American Bar Association, the Council of the American Law
Institute, the Order of the Coif, the Missouri Bar Integrated, and the Metropolitan St.
Louis Bar Association. Judge Webster served as Chairman of the Corporation, Banking
and Business Law Section of the American Bar Association, and is a fellow of the
American Bar Foundation.
Judge Webster was named Man of the Year, 1980, by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat,
and in May, 1981, received the William Greenleaf Elliot Award from Washington
University and the Riot Relief Fund Award in New York City. In October, 1982, he was
presented the Fordham Law School Louis Stein Award, and in August, 1983, the
International Platform Association Theodore Roosevelt Award for excellence in public
service. In June, 1984, he received the Jefferson award for the Greatest Public Service by
an Elected or Appointed Official. In May, 1985, he was presented the Freedoms
Foundation National Service Medal in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, and the First Annual
Patrick V. Murphy Award from the Police Foundation, Washington, DC, for
distinguished service in law enforcement. He was named Father of the Year for Public
Service in May, 1986, by the National Father's Day Committee, and received the 1986
Thomas Jefferson Award in Law from the University of Virginia.
Judge Webster was elected to active membership in the National Academy of Public
Administration in October, 1981, and in May, 1985, became President of the Institute of
Judicial Administration.
In 1972, Judge Webster received a Washington University Alumni Citation for
contributions to the field of law and, in 1977, received the Distinguished Alumnus Award
from Washington University Law School. A member of the Board of Trustees of
Washington University, the University of Colorado Law School Board of Visitors and the
National Advisory Board of the American University, Judge Webster holds honorary
degrees from Amherst College, DePauw University, William Woods College, Drury
College, Washington University, Columbia College, University of Dayton School of Law,
University of Notre Dame, Centre College, Dickinson School of Law, University of
Miami, DePaul University, the American University, The John Jay College of Criminal
Justice, Westminster College and Georgetown University.
Judge Webster was married to the late Drusilla Lane Webster and is the father of
three children: Drusilla L. Busch, William H., Jr., and Katherine H. Roessle.
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BIOGRAPHY OF ROBERT M. GATES
Robert M. Gates was sworn in as Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
on 18 April 1986. In this position he is principal deputy to the Director, who
heads the U.S. Intelligence Community (all of the foreign intelligence agencies
of the United States) and directs the Central Intelligence Agency.
Mr. Gates, a native of Kansas, received his BA Degree from the College
of William and Mary in 1965, his Masters Degree in history from Indiana
University in 1966, and his Doctorate in Russian and Soviet history from
Georgetown University in 1974.
Mr. Gates joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1966, serving as an
intelligence analyst and as one of two Assistant National Intelligence Officers
for Strategic Programs. In 1974, he was assigned to the National Security
Council Staff.
After more than five years at the National Security Council, serving
three Presidents, Mr. Gates returned to the Central Intelligence Agency in
late 1979. He subsequently was appointed to a series of administrative
positions and served as National Intelligence Officer for the Soviet Union
prior to his appointment as Deputy Director for Intelligence in January 1982.
As Deputy Director for Intelligence for nearly four and one-half years,
Mr. Gates directed the Central Intelligence Agency's component responsible
for all analysis and production of finished intelligence. In September 1983, the
Director appointed Mr. Gates Chairman of the National Intelligence Council
concurrent with his position as Deputy Director for Intelligence. As Chairman
of the National Intelligence Council, Mr. Gates directed the preparation of all
National Intelligence Estimates prepared by the Intelligence Community.
Mr. Gates served as Acting Director of Central Intelligence from 18
December 1986 until 26 May 1987.
Mr. Gates is the recipient of the Distinguished Intelligence Medal, the
Intelligence Medal of Merit and the Arthur S. Fleming Award, which is
presented annually to the ten most outstanding young men and women in the
Federal Service.
Mr. Gates and his wife, Becky, have two children.
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THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
AND HIS PRINCIPAL DEPUTIES
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE (DCI)
The DCI is the primary adviser to the President and the National
Security Council on national foreign intelligence matters. He is the head of
the Central Intelligence Agency and of such other staff elements as are
required for the discharge of his Intelligence Community responsibilities.
Executive Order 12333, issued by President Reagan on 4 December
1981, gives the DCI authority to develop and implement the National Foreign
Intelligence Program budget and to coordinate the tasking of all Intelligence
Community collection elements.
In addition to staff elements of the Office of the DCI, the Intelligence
Community consists of the Central Intelligence Agency; the National Security
Agency; the Defense Intelligence Agency; the Offices within the Department
of Defense responsible for collection of specialized national foreign intelli-
gence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence and
Research of the Department of State; and the intelligence elements of the mil-
itary services, the FBI, and the Departments of Treasury and Energy.
The DCI also serves as chairman of the NSC's Senior Interagency Group
when it meets to consider intelligence matters. This committee addresses
policy issues requiring interagency attention, deals with interdepartmental
matters, and monitors the execution of approved intelligence policies and
decisions.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE (DDCI)
The DDCI is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
He assists the Director by performing such functions as the DCI assigns or
delegates. He acts for and exercises the powers of the Director in his absence
or disability or in the event of a vacancy in the position of the Director.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
The Executive Director is responsible for acting on behalf of the DCI and
the DDCI in the overall daily management of the Central Intelligence
Agency, including but not limited to the coordination of component activities
and the development and execution of the Agency's Annual Program. In order
to carry out his responsibilities, the Executive Director is delegated all
authorities vested in the DCI and the DDCI except as prohibited or proscribed
by law or Agency regulation and policy.
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DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR
INTELLIGENCE (DDI)
The DDI is the Director's principal adviser on the production of national
intelligence, both as to how it is accomplished and what it contains. National
intelligence is the assessment of events abroad needed by the President and his
senior advisers for the formulation of foreign and national security policy.
The DDI directs all of the DCI's subordinate elements involved in the
production of intelligence.
The DDI and his staff also serve as the senior intelligence representatives
in the NSC policymaking structure, ensuring that the Intelligence Commu-
nity's product is relevant to U.S. policy at the highest level. Additionally, he
represents the DCI in matters of substantive intelligence with the rest of the
Executive Branch at the Cabinet level, with Congress, with the academic and
business worlds, and with the public.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR
ADMINISTRATION (DDA)
The DDA is responsible for supporting administratively those Intelligence
Community components under the jurisdiction of the DCI as well as the many
other related functions one would normally expect in any large Federal
agency. He handles finance, medical services, communications and the
security of Agency personnel and facilities.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR
OPERATIONS (DDO)
The DDO collects foreign intelligence, largely through secret means;
carries out counterintelligence responsibilities abroad; and undertakes, when
directed by the National Security Council, other, secret foreign intelligence
tasks.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DDS&T)
The DDS&T collects and processes information gathered by technical
collection systems. He is also responsible for developing advanced technical
equipment to improve the collection and processing of information.
DIRECTOR OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY STAFF (D/ICS)
The D/ICS supports the DCI in the exercise of Intelligence Community
responsibilities assigned by Executive Order of the President. Examination of
critical cross disciplinary intelligence problems, coordination of Community
priorities and requirements, maintenance of Community planning mecha-
nisms, and development of the National Foreign Intelligence Program budget
are among the major activities of the ICS.
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Intelligence Cycle
Planning
and
Direction
Dissemination
Production
and Analysis
Collection
Processing
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Intelligence is knowledge and fore-
knowledge of the world around us?
the prelude to Presidential decision
and action.
The Intelligence Cycle
is the process by which information is acquired, converted into intelligence, and made available to
policymakers. There are usually five steps which constitute The Intelligence Cycle.
1. Planning and Direction
This involves the management of the entire effort, from the identification of the need for data to the
final delivery of an intelligence product to a customer.
The whole process is initiated by requests or requirements for intelligence on certain subjects. These
are based on the ultimate needs of the policymakers?the President, the National Security Council,
and other major departments and agencies of government.
2. Collection
This involves the gathering of the raw data from which finished intelligence will be produced. There
are many sources for the collection of information, including foreign radiobroadcasts, newspapers,
periodicals, and official government personnel stationed in American embassies abroad.
There are also secret sources, such as agents and defectors who provide information obtainable in
no other way.
Finally, technical collection?photography and electronics?has come to play an indispensable part
in modern intelligence by extending the Nation's sensory system?its eyes and ears.
3. Processing
This step is concerned with the conversion of the vast amount of information coming into the system
to a form more suitable for the production of finished intelligence, such as language translations and
decryption. The information that does not go directly to analysts is sorted and made available for
rapid computer retrieval.
Processing also refers to data reduction?interpretation of the information stored on film and tape
through the use of highly refined photographic and electronic processes.
4. Production and Analysis
This refers to the conversion of basic information into finished intelligence. It includes the integration,
evaluation, and analysis of all available data and the preparation of a variety of intelligence products.
Such products or estimates may be presented as briefings, brief reports or lengthy studies.
The "raw intelligence" collected is frequently fragmentary and at times contradictory. Analysts, who
are subject-matter specialists, produce finished intelligence by evaluating and integrating the various
pieces of data and interpreting their meaning and significance.
The subjects involved may concern different regions, problems, or personalities in various con-
texts?political, geographic, economic, military, scientific, or biographic. Current events, capabili-
ties, or probable developments in the future may also be examined.
5. Dissemination
The last step is the distribution and handling of the finished intelligence to the consumers of
intelligence, the same policymakers whose needs triggered the Intelligence Cycle.
Sound policy decisions must be based on sound knowledge. Intelligence aims to provide that knowledge.
17
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THE PRESIDENT'S INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION
Presidential Executive Order No. 12333, 4 December 1981, assigns the
Director of Central Intelligence the responsibility to act as the primary adviser
to the President ? and the National Security Council on national foreign
intelligence. To discharge this and other assigned duties, the Director is the
appointed head of both the Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence
Community. These relationships and the mechanisms established by the
Executive Order to sustain them are discussed below.
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL (NSC)
The NSC was established by the National Security Act of 1947 to advise
the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military
policies relating to the national security. The NSC is the highest Executive
Branch entity providing review of, guidance for, and direction to the conduct
of all national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence activities. The
statutory members of the NSC are the President, the Vice President, the
Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense. The Director of Central
Intelligence and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff participate as
advisers.
SENIOR INTERAGENCY GROUP, INTELLIGENCE (SIG-I)
This committee of the NSC is composed variously of the Director of
Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs, the Deputy Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Deputy Attorney General, the
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Director of the
National Security Agency. The SIG chairman varies according to the meeting
agenda, e.g., the Director of Central Intelligence is chairman when the body
addresses intelligence matters. The SIG (Intelligence) is charged to advise and
assist the NSC in discharging its authority and responsibility for intelligence
policy and intelligence matters. It ensures that important intelligence policy
issues requiring interagency attention receive full, prompt, and systematic
coordination. It also monitors the execution of previously approved policies
and decisions.
PRESIDENT'S FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY BOARD
(PFIAB)
The PFIAB is maintained within the Executive Office of the President.
Its several members serve at the pleasure of the President and are appointed
from among trustworthy and distinguished citizens outside of Government
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who are qualified on the basis of achievement, experience, and independence.
They serve without compensation. The Board continually reviews the perform-
ance of all Government agencies engaged in the collection, evaluation, or
production of intelligence or in the execution df intelligence policy. It also
assesses the adequacy of management, personnel, and organization in intelli-
gence agencies and advises the President concerning the objectives, conduct,
and coordination of the activities of these agencies. The PFIAB is specifically
charged to make appropriate recommendations for actions to improve and
enhance the performance of the intelligence efforts of the United States. This
advice may be passed directly to the Director of Central Intelligence, the
Central Intelligence Agency, or other agencies engaged in intelligence
activities.
PRESIDENT'S INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD (PIOB)
The President's Intelligence Oversight Board functions within the White
House. The PIOB consists of three members from outside the government who
are appointed by the President. One of these, who serves as chairman, is also a
member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. The PIOB is
responsible for discovering and reporting to the President any intelligence
activities that raise questions of propriety or legality in terms of the
Constitution, the laws of the U.S., or Presidential Executive Order. The Board
is also charged with reviewing internal guidelines and the direction of the
Intelligence Community. The PIOB is a permanent, non-partisan body.
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
While the Director of Central Intelligence is head of the CIA, he is at
the same time leader of the Intelligence Community of which CIA is but one
component. The Intelligence Community refers in the aggregate to those
Executive Branch agencies and organizations that conduct the variety of
intelligence activities which comprise the total U.S. national intelligence
effort. The Community includes the Central Intelligence Agency; the
National Security Agency; the Defense Intelligence Agency; offices within
the Department of Defense for collection of specialized national foreign
intelligence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence
and Research of the Department of State; intelligence elements of the
military services; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Department of the
Treasury; the Department of Energy; and the Intelligence Community Staff.
Members of the Intelligence Community advise the Director of Central
Intelligence through their representation on a number of specialized
committees that deal with intelligence matters of common concern. Chief
among these groups is the National Foreign Intelligence Board, which the
Director chairs.
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The
ntelligence Community
Department
of State
Central
Intelligence
Agency
Defense
Intelligence
Agency
Department
of Energy
Department
,of the
Treasury
DIRECTOR
of CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE (DCI)
National
Security
Agency
? Army
Intelligence
Federal
Bureau of
Investigation
INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY
STAFF
Navy
Intelligence
Offices
for
collection
of
specialized
nat'l foreign
intelligence
Marine
Corps
Intelligence
Air Force
Intelligence
0 Department of Defense Elements
D Departmental Intelligence Elements (Other than DoD)
Independent Agency
20
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SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE
(Formed 19 May 1976)
David Boren (D., Oklahoma), Chairman
William Cohen (R., Maine), Vice Chairman
Patrick Leahy (D., Vermont)
Lloyd Bentsen (D., Texas)
Sam Nunn (D., Georgia)
Ernest F. Hollings (D., South Carolina)
Bill Bradley (D., New Jersey)
Alan Cranston (D., California)
Dennis DeConcini (D., Arizona)
Howard Metzenbaum (D., Ohio)
Ex Officio Member:
Robert C. Byrd (D., West Virginia)
William V. Roth, Jr. (R., Delaware)
Orrin G. Hatch (R., Utah)
Frank H. Murkowski (R., Alaska)
Arlen Specter (R., Pennsylvania)
Chic Hecht (R., Nevada)
John Warner (R., Virginia)
Ex Officio Member:
Robert J. Dole (R., Kansas)
HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON
INTELLIGENCE
(Formed 14 July 1977)
Louis Stokes (D., Ohio), Chairman
Dave McCurdy (D., Oklahoma)
Anthony C. Beilenson (D., California)
Robert W. Kastenmeier (D., Wisconsin)
Dan Daniel (D., Virginia)
Robert A. Roe (D., New Jersey)
George E. Brown, Jr. (D., California)
Matthew F. McHugh (D., New York)
Bernard J. Dwyer (D., New Jersey)
Charles Wilson (D., Texas)
Barbara B. Kennelly (D., Connecticut)
Ex Officio Member:
Thomas S. Foley (D., Washington)
Henry J. Hyde (R., Illinois)
Dick Cheney (R., Wyoming)
Bob Livingston (R., Louisiana)
Bob McEwen (R., Ohio)
Daniel E. Lungren (R., California)
Bud Shuster (R., Pennsylvania)
Ex Officio Member:
Robert H. Michel (R., Illinois)
21
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BOOK OF HONOR
WILLIAM P. BCYTELER
HOWARD CAREY
FRANK G. GRACE IR.
WILBURN S. ROSE
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ft), t_A
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IN HONOR OF THOSE MEMBERS
OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *?* *
* * * * ? * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
1
THE MEMORIAL STARS
These words, carved in the marble facade of the North wall of the foyer of
the CIA Headquarters Building, silently but permanently immortalize the lives of
those whom the engraved stars represent. The glass-encased Book of Honor
below the stars displays the names of those whose names can, in death, now be
revealed. The names of some of these dedicated Americans can never be
revealed. (See opposite.)
This simple but starkly elegant memorial was sculpted by Harold Vogel in
July 1974, having been commissioned by the Fine Arts Commission of the
Central Intelligence Agency in May 1973.
23
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CIA MEDALS
DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE CROSS
For a voluntary act or acts of exceptional heroism involving the acceptance of
existing dangers with conspicuous fortitude and exemplary courage.
DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE MEDAL
For performance of outstanding services or for achievement of a distinctly
exceptional nature in a duty or responsibility.
INTELLIGENCE STAR
For a voluntary act or acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or
for outstanding achievements or services rendered with distinction under conditions of
grave risk.
INTELLIGENCE MEDAL OF MERIT
For the performance of especially meritorious service or for an act or achieve-
ment conspicuously above normal duties.
CAREER INTELLIGENCE MEDAL
For a cumulative record of service which reflects exceptional achievement.
INTELLIGENCE COMMENDATION MEDAL
For the performance of especially commendable service or for an act or
achievement significantly above normal duties which results in an important
contribution to the mission of the Agency.
EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE MEDALLION
For injury or death resulting from service in an area of hazard.
GOLD RETIREMENT MEDALLION
For a career of 35 years or more with the Agency.
SILVER RETIREMENT MEDALLION
For a career of 25 years or more with the Agency.
BRONZE RETIREMENT MEDALLION
For a career of at least 15 but less than 25 years with the Agency.
24
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ElL
DEE
DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE CROSS DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE MEDAL
For Extraordinary Heroism For Outstanding Service
CAREER INTELLIGENCE MEDAL
For Exceptional Achievement
GOLD RETIREMENT MEDALLION
35 Years of Agency Service
INTELLIGENCE STAR
For Courageous Action
El
INTELLIGENCE COMMENDATION MEDAL
For Especially Commendable Services
SILVER RETIREMENT MEDALLION
25 Years of Agency Service
INTELLIGENCE MEDAL OF MERIT
For Meritorius Service
EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE MEDALLION
For Injury or Death In the
Performance of Hazardous Duties
BRONZE RETIREMENT MEDALLION
15 Years of Agency Service
25
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The Central Intelligence Agency
Headquarters
Building
Background
Designed in mid-1950s by New
York Firm of Harrison and Abram-
ovitz, designers of the United
Nations building. Located about
eight miles from downtown Wash-
ington, the building and grounds
were envisioned by the then Direc-
tor of Central Intelligence, Allen W.
Dulles, as projecting the atmo-
sphere of a college campus.
Construction
Began October 1957, completed
November 1963. Cornerstone laid
November 3, 1959. Concrete and
Georgia marble used in main lobby
and corridor.
Space
Building consists of 1,000,000
square feet. Building and grounds
comprise 219 acres. A new build-
ing with an additional million
square feet Is being planned.
Library
Research library available to
Agency personnel only. 60,000 cat-
alogued titles; 110,000 volumes;
1,700 newspapers and journal sub-
scriptions. Participates in inter-
library loans with other libraries in
United States. Emphasis is on
basic and current information
about foreign countries including a
selection of foreign newspapers,
telephone directories, diplomatic
lists, dictionaries and encyclope-
dias.
Art Work
Selected and hung by CIA Fine
Arts Committee. Collection on first
floor from Arlington, Virginia, fi-
nancier Vincent Melzac, a former
Director of the Corcoran Gallery in
Washington, D.C. Majority of col-
lection is abstract, with emphasis
on color studies.
26
Features
Actually completed during the
Presidency of Dwight D. Eisen-
hower?whose name appears on
the cornerstone?the building was
commissioned by his predecessor
President Harry S Truman. Person-
al messages of gratitude and ap-
probation to the CIA from these
two Presidents and their succes-
sors are hung along a first floor
corridor.
A biblical verse characterizing
the intelligence mission in a free
society is etched into the wall of
the central lobby. It reads:
And ye shall know the truth
and the truth shall make you free.
John VIII?XXXII
Also on the wall of the central
lobby is a bas-relief bust of Allen
Welsh Dulles who was the CIA
Director for 9 years. The building
was erected during his period in
office.
Engraved in the same wall are
memorial stars, each honoring a
CIA employee whose life was lost in
the service of his country. The
names of many of these dedicated
Americans can never be revealed.
Headquarters Expansion
In the spring of 1984, construc-
tion began on a new 7-story struc-
ture to be joined to the west facade
of the original Headquarters Build-
ing. The 1.1 million square foot
addition will include two 7-story
office towers connected by a 4-
story podium containing technical
support facilities and an employee
services concourse. The project
was designed by the Detroit archi-
tectural and engineering firm of
Smith, Hinchman & Grills to be In
harmony with existing structures.
Occupancy is expected in 1988.
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The Central Intelligence Agency
Headquarters
Auditorium
Was part of the original building
design In mid-1950s.
Construction
Free-standing dome-shaped struc-
ture connected to the Main Head-
quarters Building by an under-
ground passage.
Space
Approximately 7,000 square feet
of floor space and seats 499
people.
Stage
Since it lacks the traditional cur-
tain and "backstage," the stage
contains a projection screen that
rises from and disappears into the
floor.
Lighting/Acoustics
Lighting system supplemented
with side and rear lights to accom-
modate the use of color television
cameras and motion picture film-
ing. The large plaster rings on the
inside surface of the dome were
designed to enhance both the
esthetic and acoustical character-
istics of the structure.
27
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HOW TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS AND MAPS
AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC
? To obtain publications and selected maps, full or tailored
subscriptions:
(for documents published after 1 February 1979)
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
Telephone: NTIS Order Desk 703-487-4650;
Subscription Desk 703-487-4630
? Hard copy, microfiche, or microfilm service
? Use NTIS document number when ordering
? Subscription and Deposit Account service offered
? American Express, VISA, MasterCard, check, or money order
accepted
? Rush handling available
? To obtain individual current publications as well as those published
before February 1979:
Library of Congress
Photoduplication Service
Washington, D.C. 20540
Telephone: [phone]
? Xeroxed copies, microfiche, or microfilm service
? Use Title of Document when ordering
? Check or money order accepted
? To subscribe to all CIA publications:
Document Expediting Project (DOCEX)
Exchange and Gifts Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540
Telephone: [phone]
Annual Subscription Fees:
? $300.00?domestic mail
? $325.00?foreign surface mail
? $375.00?foreign air mail
? To obtain selected Maps and Atlases:
Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office (GPO)
Washington D.C. 20402
Telephone [phone]
? MasterCard, VISA, check, or money order accepted
? Use GPO stock number when ordering
29
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
CREDO
We are the Central Intelligence Agency.
We produce timely and high quality intelligence for the President and
Government of the United States.
We provide objective and unbiased evaluations and are always open to new
perceptions and ready to challenge conventional wisdom.
We perform special intelligence tasks at the request of the President.
We conduct our activities and ourselves according to the highest standards of
integrity, morality and honor and according to the spirit and letter of our
law and Constitution.
We measure our success by our contribution to the protection and
enhancement of American values, security and national interest.
We believe our people are the Agency's most important resource. We seek the
best and work to make them better. We subordinate our desire for public
recognition to the need for confidentiality. We strive for continuing
professional improvement. We give unfailing loyalty to each other and to
our common purpose.
We seek through our leaders to stimulate initiative, a commitment to
excellence and a propensity for action; to protect and reward Agency
personnel for their special responsibilities, contributions, and sacrifices; to
promote a sense of mutual trust and shared responsibility.
We get our inspiration and commitment to excellence from the inscription in
our foyer: "And Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."
30
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower
3 November 1959
To Attend Cornerstone Laying Ceremony
for Construction of CIA Headquarters
Building
President John F. Kennedy
28 November 1961
To Present the National Security Medal to
Allen Dulles
President Richard M. Nixon
7 March 1969
To Address CIA Employees
President Gerald R. Ford, Jr.
30 January 1976
To Swear in George Bush as DCI
President Jimmy Carter, Jr.
9 March 1977
To Swear in Admiral Stansfield Turner as
DCI
President Jimmy Carter, Jr.
16 August 1978
To Meet with CIA Personnel who
Collect, Analyze and Produce
National Intelligence Estimates
President Ronald W. Reagan
23 June 1982
To Sign Intelligence Identities
Protection Act into Law
President Ronald W. Reagan
24 May 1984
To Break Ground for
CIA Headquarters Expansion
President Ronald W. Reagan
26 May 1987
To Swear in Judge
William H. Webster as DCI
Although a continuous stream of intelli-
gence flows from the Central Intelli-
gence Agency to the White House, it is
not often that the President of the
United States has occasion to visit the
Agency that produces it. Since con-
struction began on the Agency's head-
quarters building in 1957, however,
every President has had reason to visit
at least once, as pictured on the page
opposite. The occasions have included
swearing-in ceremonies, praising
achievement, signing a law to protect
clandestine personnel, and celebrating
the beginning of construction for a new
building.
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' I
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PRESIDENTIAL VISITS
TO THE
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
We Are Often Asked:
How is the Centel Intelligence Agency
different from the KGB?
The Central Intelligence Agency and the
KGB are very different because their
missions and activities reflect the
societies?one democratic and one
totalitarian?of which they are a part. A
major role of the KGB is internal security,
including routine surveillance of Soviet
citizens. The Agency has no law
enforcement or security functions either
at home or abroad. Unlike the Agency,
which is governed by Presidential
Executive Order and law, KGB activities
are unrestrained. Moreover, the American
people's elected officials oversee all U.S.
intelligence activities through the
Congressional Oversight process. The
KGB answers to no one but the highest
officials of the Soviet party, who are not
freely chosen by the Russian people.
Who works for the Central Intelligence
Agency?
The Agency carefully selects well-
qualified people in nearly all fields of
study. Scientists, engineers, economists,
linguists, mathematicians, secretaries,
and computer specialists are but a few of
the disciplines continually in demand.
Some are specialists?physical and social
scientists, doctors of medicine, lawyers,
etc.?but many are generalists, people
who have demonstrated their
qualifications to hold the many varied
positions that make up the bulk of the
domestic and overseas staffs. Women,
members of minority groups, and the
handicapped are well represented in the
ranks of those employed at the Central
Intelligence Agency.
32
How many people work for the Central
Intelligence-Agency-and-what-is-its
budget?
Neither the number of employees nor the
size of the Agency's budget can be publicly
disclosed. That knowledge would provide
an advantage to our adversaries. While
these subjects are classified, they are
known in detail and scrutinized daily by the
Office of Management and Budget and by
the Intelligence Oversight and
Appropriations Committees of both
houses of Congress. A common
misconception is that the Agency has an
unlimited budget, which is far from true.
The resources allocated to intelligence are
subject to the same rigorous examination
and approval process as all other
government organizations.
Does the Central Intelligence Agency
give tours of its headquarters building in
Langley, Virginia?
No. The idea was considered and tested
but logistical problems and security
considerations demonstrated it is just not
possible.
Does the Central Intelligence Agency
release publications to the public?
The Agency releases many unclassified
publications in order to provide additional
research aids to academic and business
communities. The majority of these reports
contain foreign or international economic
and political information or are directories
of foreign officials. They are available from
the Government Printing Office, the
National Technical Information Service and
the Library of Congress (See page 29). The
Agency cannot, however, release many of
its other reports because such studies are
derived from sensitive sources. For
additional information, contact the Public
Affairs Office, Central Intelligence Agency,
Washington, DC, 20505; [phone].
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Does the Central Intelligence Agency
spy on Americans? Does it keep a file on
me?
No. The Central Intelligence Agency is
expressly prohibited by Presidential
Executive Order from routinely engaging
in the domestic use of such techniques as
electronic, mail, or physical surveillance;
monitoring devices; or unconsented
physical search. Such intrusion into the
lives of Americans by any Government
agency could take place only under the
most extraordinary conditions of concern
for the national welfare and, even then,
only when approved by the Attorney
General. Similarly, the Agency does not
maintain files on private citizens. Names
of American citizens may appear in
various records as a consequence of
routine business they conduct with the
Agency, but they are in no way
segregated for surveillance or special
attention. Any citizen has the right to
confirm this fact under the authority of
the Privacy Act.
Who decides when the Central
Intelligence Agency should engage in
covert actions, and why?
Only the President can direct the Agency
to undertake a covert action. Such
actions are recommended by the National
Security Council. Once tasked, the
Director of Central Intelligence must
notify the intelligence oversight
committees of the Congress. Covert
actions are considered when the National
Security Council judges that U.S. foreign
policy objectives may not be fully realized
by normal diplomatic means and when
military action is deemed too extreme an
option. Therefore, the Agency may be
directed to conduct a special activity
abroad in support of foreign policy such
that the role of the U.S. Government is
neither apparent nor publicly
acknowledged.
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Does the Central Intelligence Agency
participate in assassinations?
No. Presidential Executive Order No.
12333 explicitly prohibits the Central
Intelligence Agency, either directly or
indirectly, from engaging in
assassinations. Internal safeguards and
the Congressional oversight process
assure compliance.
Does the Central Intelligence Agency
engage in drug trafficking?
No. To the contrary, the Central
Intelligence Agency assists the U.S.
Government effort to thwart drug
trafficking by providing intelligence
information to the Department of
Commerce, the Drug Enforcement
Administration and the State Department
What is the Central Intelligence
Agency's role in combatting
international terrorism?
The Central Intelligence Agency supports
the overall United States Government
effort to combat international terrorism
by collecting, analyzing, and
disseminating intelligence on foreign
terrorist groups and individuals. It also
conducts liaison with the intelligence and
security services of friendly governments,
shares counterterrorism intelligence
information with and, on request,
provides advice and training to these
services. The Agency's counterterrorism
specialists participate actively in
developing strategies aimed at
combatting terrorism and intelligence
resources worldwide provide significant
support to U.S. efforts to solve this grave
problem.
33
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