PRINTING AND PHOTOGRAPHY DIVISION SUPPORT TO THE FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00058R000200390001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 17, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 30, 1987
• Content Type: MEMO

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SUBJECT. tOpt.orsol)
FROM.
<
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
P{PD Support to FBIS
John M. Ray
Director of Locistics
TO: (Officer desIgnatIon, room number, ono
DATE
bwIdmg)
4.
8.
10.
ADDA
7D24 Hqs.
DDA
14.
15.
FORM 610 USE PREVIOUS
1-79 EDITIONS
k1FNSiON NO
-
DATE 16 July 1987
f
OFFICER S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
INITIALS to whom Draw a no across column after each comment.)
RECEIVED FORWARDED
I. The Reston printing plant
,will have little impact on our
--support to FBIS. A dedicated
printing system in support of JPRS
publications already exists. The
--.requirements for color levied upon
,PUD have to do with manpower to
produce more color graphics--a very
--+,scarce commodity in the market-
place today.
2. The two-day throughput
time is totally unrealistic. This
'would put these publications on a
;priority slightly below that of the
IPresident's Daily Brief and the NLD
;Are you aware that these articles
are "massaged" for weeks before
they arrive at PUD's door? Trans-
lations, in fact, sometimes take
months.
3. The increased demand for
color printing levied on us by
CPAS is now taking 2/3 of a day
'longer to meet time-sensitive,
critical intelligence printing
---- requirements.
4. I informed both the D/FBIS
and the DD/SU that they have
'spelled out only one side of the
story by the way, this ridiculous-
ness has even been discussed in
' the DD/SU staff meeting). They
were advised they would be
receiving our side.
* U.S. Government Printing Office: IggS-494434/40154
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
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*--""V /
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY /"
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
SUBJECT: moormi)
Printing aid Photography Division Support to the
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
FROM:
John M. Ray
Director of Loolstics
EXTENSION
OL 0029-87
TO: (Officer designation, room numbor, and
building)
1
? DDA
7D24 Hqs
2.
DATE
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
1
OFFICER'S
INITIALS
3. DD/ST
6E60 Hqs
4.
5. D/FBIS
1013 Key
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
12.
13.
14.
15.
DATE
30 June 1987
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column oh., each comment.)
FORM 61 n USE PREVIOUS
I ?79
V EDITIONS
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
* U.S. Government Minting Office: 1ieS-4114-134/41160
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etvin_LAJoim-tlivr. -1NrERNAL USE ONLY
.30 JUN 1987
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director, Foreign Broadcast Information Service
VIA:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
REFERENCE:
Deputy Director for Administration
Deputy Director for Science and Technology
John M. Ray
Director of Logistics
Printing and Photography Division Support
to the Foreign Broadcast Information Service
Memo to D/L fm D/FBIS, dtd 17 June 87, Same
Subject (FBIS-1056/87)
1. As I related to you during our meeting of 24 June 1987,
Printing and Photography Division (P&PD/OL) cannot satisfy the
two-day throughput requirement cited in the reference. Nor can
we introduce color printing in Joint Publications Research
Service (JPRS) publications without it having a dramatic
detrimental impact in our production of classified, perishable
intelligence.
2. Since P&PD's assumption of printing support for JPRS, we
believe we have complied with the spirit and intent of the 1983
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). We have indeed even gone beyond
normal expectations. Outlined below4some indicators which
substantiate our opinions:
a. The MOA stipulates that P&PD produce an average of
1,200 pages per workday. Over the course of a year this
amounts to 300,000 pages. In FY 86 P&PD produced 332,002
pages, which represents 10 percent more than agreed upon in
the MOA.
b. At the time of the MOA, JPRS required its in-house
plant to produce only an average of 187 copies of its
publications. The average number of copies being produced
currently by P&PD is 331, a 56 percent increase over the
workload anticipated by P&PD when the MOA was signed.
c. Thirteen positions were provided to P&PD under the
MOA; 12 employees transferred from JPRS to fill those
positions. Of the six who were placed in P&PD
OL 0029-87 1
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- INTERNAL USE ONLY
SUBJECT: Printing and Photography Division Support to the Foreign
Broadcast Information Service
apprenticeships, two have had their apprenticeship training
aborted for lack of performance. In fact, P&PD has expended
far more manpower than discussed in the MOA. The full-time
labor force involved solely in the production of JPRS
reports is as follows:
Planner
1
Offset Strippers
2
Platemaker
1
Web Pressmen
3
Bookbinders
3
Bindery Assistants
3
Copier Operators
3
Total 16
The above total does not include the efforts of other P&PD
employees who randomly must devote some time to JPRS production,
nor does it include overtime expended on JPRS work. In calendar
year (CY) 1985, JPRS overtime amounted to 1,556 hours. In
CY 1986 it dropped to 981 hours, but has risen to 1,613 hours
through pay period 12 of CY 1987.
d. The cost of paper stock for JPRS printing has
reached $550,000 per year. Printing plates adds another
$132,000 per year. The total cost of supplies in producing
JPRS publications amounts to $682,000.
e. P&PD's costs for labor and supplies totalled
$1,198,408 in FY 86. The pre-MOA costs borne by JPRS
amounted to $508,000.
f. In order to enhance support to JPRS, P&PD has
acquired additional web press units ($100,000); bindery
equipment ($100,000); laser platemakers ($540,000); and a
projection platemaking system, scheduled to be operational
in August 1987 ($300,000).
g. The quality of the JPRS publications produced by
P&PD far exceeds, by any standard, that which was produced
by the JPRS print shop.
3. The possibility of using color printing in JPRS
publications has been discussed over the recent past with Foreign
Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) officers. Dpring these
discussions, P&PD management explained that the introduction of
color printing would require additional labor resources in the
2
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SUBJECT: Printing and Photography Division Support to the Foreign
to the Foreign Broadcast Information Service
form of color-scanner operators, highly skilled color offset
strippers, and color pressmen not readily available. It was
further pointed out that this effort would have detrimental
effect of P&PD's ability to meet its current critical deadlines.
Nevertheless, P&PD management suggested what it believes to be a
viable alternative, i.e., contracting out the work to commercial
printers. Similar actions have been taken with respect to
requirements levied by the Directorate of Administration and the
Directorate of Intelligence. You should be aware that this
option is in accordance with a recommendation made by the Office
of Inspector General in its investigation of P&PD operations.
4. In summary, we simply cannot meet the recent demands
being imposed on us by FBIS without additional resources to be
gleaned through the time-consuming budgetary processes. If FBIS
desires, we would be most willing to discuss the return of all
JPRS production resources back to FBIS so it can provide its own
unilateral support to its printing requirements. This option may
not be realistic in that P&PD's unique exception to the Joint
Committee on Printing regulations is based on the production of
classified intelligence.
5. We are most anxious to discuss the above option as well
as other perceived problems relating to P&PD's suoport to FBIS.
Accordingly, we have identified Deputy
Chief, P&PD as our focal point to meet with an FBIS
representative to address realistic, mutually acceptable
solutions, to include the possible construction of a new MOA
which would be subject to an annual review .1(i iindAfg, ease
havP vnnr Aga 4,nat-.
(..1 representative contact on
to make appropriate arrangements.
3
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.Distribution:
Original - Addressee
2 - DDA
1 - DDS&T
2 - P&PD
1 - OL Files
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FERENCE
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wv.a.4 WLILL
FBIS-1056/87
17 June 1987
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Logistics
FROM:
Director, Foreign Broadcast Information Service
SUBJECT: PUD Support to FBIS
1. FBIS Production Group recently requested (Attachment A) color
printing service from PUD, which was rejected (Attachment B) essentially
on the grounds that the material involved was unclassified and the
service required additional time and labor. FBIS cannot accept such
reasoning, since it strikes at the core of its mission and calls into
question agreements between FBIS and the Office of Logistics on the
nature of PUD's printing services for FBIS. This memorandum requests
your intervention, specifically, to have the printing service provided as
requested and to reaffirm your office's commitment to the 1983 Memorandum
of Agreement (Attachment C) signed by the DDA and the DDSU on the
printing production support for JPRS publications.
2. The specific case in point is a JPRS translation of one of a
series of Soviet military books that contain color maps. The maps are an
integral part of the book, and convey intricate military unit deployments
central to the discussion on military tactics. Unfortunately, black and
white reproductions do not distinguish the topographical and other
features in sufficient detail to represent the nature of the units'
movements; hence, our request to reproduce the maps in color for
publication under JPRS title.
3. There are two pointed references in PUD's memorandum to
classification as production criteria, to which FBIS takes strong
exception. As you know, virtually all the material produced by FBIS is
unclassified, so the suggestion in PUD's memo that FBIS' products take
second place to other publications simply because they are unclassified
raises an unprecedented issue. In dealing with PUD over the years, it
has never been implied that the nature of the work relationship with FBIS
was contingent on the classification of FBIS material. Certainly, if
this point had been raised earlier, the longstanding relationship between
the two offices would have been seriously undermined. FBIS obviously
cannot accept such a condition for the handling of its material. As has
been consistently documented, the open-source informatiqn reports
produced by FBIS are a major source of intelligence for the entire
Intelligence Community.
ADMINISTRATIqpjAL USE ONLY
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ADMINISTRATIVE INTERNAL USE ONLY
SUBJECT: PUD Support to FBIS
4. With regard to the apparent difficulty in reproducing color,
FBIS recognizes that additional time and labor are involved.
Nonetheless, this does not relieve PUD of carrying out its "full
responsibility for printing and dissemination support for all JPRS
publications," as stipulated in the Memorandum of Agreement. In the same
memorandum and in the feasibility study (Attachment D) leading to the
transfer of JPRS printing functions to PUD, it is clearly stated that
PPD will "support all JPRS photographic and graphics requirements." No
exclusions are noted, and, in fact, the feasibility study makes it a
point, in assessing the merits of transfer, to contrast JPRS' lack of
color reproduction capability with PUD's then-planned procurement of a
color scanner for graphics.
5. The alternative solution offered by PUD--to have the work done
by an outside contractor with FBIS funds--raises another serious issue in
the context of the Memorandum of Agreement. In 1983, FBIS and OL agreed
that 13 FBIS positions would be transferred to PUD, along with
supporting funds. The quid for this quo was PUD's printing services.
The recommendation that FBIS fund outside printing services contravenes
the intent of the agreement, which was undertaken in part to save
government funds, and begs the question of PUD's responsibility to
fulfill its commitment to FBIS.
6. While FBIS applauds PUD's efforts to achieve efficiency in the
handling of FBIS/JPRS products, the commitment in the Memorandum of
Agreement to provide 48-hour turnaround time for JPRS reports remains
unfulfilled. Even allowing for increased volume of JPRS materials since
1983, the present average turnaround time of 15 days is excessive and
above any reasonable relation to the volume increase. FBIS has seen the
turnaround time constantly increase since the JPRS printing services were
transferred to MD.
7. In agreeing to support JPRS printing services in 1983, PUD
undertook certain commitments, the effect of which were to leave FBIS
totally dependent on PUD for all of its printing services. FBIS'
longstanding work relationship with PUD until 1983 underpinned its
confidence in their ability to meet JPRS printing requirements. PUD's
7 April 1987 memorandum, however, not only rejects a reasonable request
within the scope of the 1983 agreement but also calls into question
underlying principles of that agreement.
8. It is not FBIS' purpose to have this matter develop into a
contest. FBIS recognizes the demands on PUD's resources, so we are
quite willing, as we have in the past, to work with PUD to reach an
accommodation that achieves both offices' goals. Our requests for color
support would not be frequent and certainly not capricious. It has been
ADMINISTRATIVE INTERNAL USE ONLY
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SUBJECT: P&PD Support to FBIS
FBIS' understanding that the agreement between FBIS and the Office of
Logistics on JPRS printing services provided a working arrangement
consistent with those goals. For this reason, a reaffirmation of that
agreement at this time would seem appropriate and clarify the issues
raised above.
Attachments
cc: DDS&T
3
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FBIS-1052/87
25 March 1987
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Printing And Photography Division
Office of Logistics
FRCM:
FBIS Production Group
SUBJECT: Request for Color Printing
1. In a 2 December meeting with Chief of the Joint
Publications Research Service (JS) of FBIS, you indicated that PliPD was
unable to meet a request for reprinting of color maps appearing in an
FBIS translation of a Soviet book, "Forward Detachments in Battle". This
memorandum requests 1) that you reconsider this decision in light of the
importance of the subject matter and 2) that MAD and FBIS
representatives meet to work out a mutually agreeable system whereby
future JERS color printing needs can be met on a timely basis.
2. U.S. intelligence analysts believe that the USSR Ministry of
Defense has begun a major revision of thinking on mtlitary strategy,
tactics, and operational art, particularly as they relate OD the European
theater of operations. As a part of this reevaluation, the Ministry's
publishing house, Voyennoye Izdatelstvo, has begun publishing a series of
books on strategy and tactics. We translated and published under ?MIS
cover the first of these books, Colonel-General M.A. Gareyev's "M.V.
Frunze -- Military Theorist," in the fall of 1985. The book contains
several color maps, which were reproduced by BUD.
3. The translated book is a landmark product, marking a watershed
in Soviet military thought and signaling the beginning of a major debate
on doctrine within the Soviet military establishment. As a result, it
was more widely distributed and read within the Intelligence Community
than perhaps any other single JS publication, was assigned as required
reading in a course on Soviet strategy and tactics ran by the DDI for
general officers, and was even provided to representatives at the MBFR
talks. It was, in short, the kind of product in which both FBIS and
F&PD/OL could take pride.
MINISTRAT
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-11 Ail I NI I C.:11.2) r?r,/,nkrn r
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SUBJECT: Request for Color Printing
4. Gareyev's book was apparently the first in a series of important
books on Soviet tactics and strategy. "Forward Detachments in Battle,"
is the second book in this series, and the Soviet Military Publishing
House's publishing plan lists several more books in this subject area to
be published in 1987. The list of high-level consumers for these books
is long, including the Office of the NIO/USSR, the Office of the
NIO/General Purpose Forces, the Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, The
Office of the Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, and
numerous community and military analytical offices and intelligence
centers. Based on our experience with the Gareyev book, we anticipate
that our consumers' interest in the Soviet military series will be very
strong. We also expect that, as with the first two books, color maps
will be used to illustrate the text.
S. We understand that even the modest amount of work of this sort
that we are requesting might put some strain on your resources and are
willing to work with you to help find the means if necessary. We also
recognize IUD's need to limit color reproduction. However, in cases
such as this one, and others of a similar nature that we can anticipate
in the future, where the intelligence value of the material warrants the
additional work and where there is no alternate way to reproduce the
material without the loss of significant intelligence information, we
must be assured of reliable printing service?including color
reproduction when necessary?if we are to fulfill our mission of
providing these materials to our consumers.
6. Mint of contacton this project is
can be reached on
cc: D/OL
D/FBIS
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7 APR 1:387
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, FBIS Production Group
FROM:
cruet, Printing & Photography Division, OL
SUBJECT: Response to Color Printing Request
REFERENCE: Memo for C/P&PD fm C/FBIS/PG, dtd 25 March
87, Subject: Request for Color Printing
1. In the referent, you requested that the Office of
Logistics, Printing and Photography Division (OL/P&PD)
reconsider a previous FBIS request to reprint color maps
appearing in an FBIS translation of a Soviet book, "Forward
Detachments in Battle." We fully understand the importance
of the subject matter relating to this request. However, we
cannot fulfill this request in light of P&PD commitments for
color printing in classified current intelligence
publications.
2. P&PD's paramount mission is to guarantee the "timely
production" of classified material. Color reproduction
demands a significant increase in production time, manpower
and resources, as compared to black and white technology, to
produce high priority intelligence requests .oria timely
basis.
3. More specifically, P&PD dedicates a technologically
sophisticated black and white production system to meet FBIS
and JPRS requirements. This system is based on the inherent
production efficiency and speed of the "web" press. Unique
production operations have been created throughout P&PD and
are dedicated to enhance web production of FBIS and JPRS
publications. Unfortunately, this efficiency and speed
comes at the expense of color reproduction. Color is
extremely time and labor intensive on the web press and
necessitates significant periods of downtime for
reconfiguration of the individual web units. At best, color
reproduction on the web is crude and not conducive to
cartographic detail.
?
ACM7NISTRAT:VE TEPNA_ USE ONLY
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SUBJECT: Response to Color Printing Request
4. At present, P&PD cannot agree to color reproduction
of the above-mentioned publication or even consider the use
of color in FHIS/JPRS reports. However, unclassified color
reproduction could be accomplished through the use of
outside contractors. P&PD would be responsible for handling
the contractual relationship for such production in
conjunction with FHIS providing appropriate fundinc
t to pursue this option, please contact
P&PD's Production Manager, to initiate the printing
procurement process. If this is not possible, the only
remaining option is the continued production of FHIS/JPRS
publications in their present form.
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MEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director for Science & Technology
Deputy Director for Administration
FROM:
SUBJECT:
msrector, roreign Broadcast Information Service
Daniel C. King
Director of Logistics
Transfer of JPRS Printing Support
Responsibilities
1. Attached for your approval is a Memorandum of Agreement
(M0A) that transfers responsibility for supporting all Joint
Publications Research Service (JPRS) printing production
requirements to the Office of Logistics, Printing and Photography
Division (OL/P&PD). This agreement is the result of a
feasibility study that was jointly undertaken by OL/P&PD and the
Foreign Broadcast Information Service, System Development Staff
(FBIS/SDS).
2. The study concluded that it is both feasible and
practical for OL/P&PD to assume the JPRS printing production
responsibilities. That conclusion was based on the following
facts:
a. P&PD has the capability/versatility to provide
consumers with a high-quality JPRS product in a
timely fashion.
b. There will be a minimal annual Agency cost
savings/avoidance in excess of $45,000.
c. This action will provide a better opportunity for
developing and implementing an automated JPRS
publishing system which will result in even a higher
quality product.
OL 11165-83
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SUBJECT: Transfer of JPRS Printing Support Responsibilities
d. This consolidation of efforts provides the Agency
with better overall management and support of Agency
printing requirements, which will result in better
personnel, equipment, and space utilization.
e. JPRS printing personnel will be provided a better
career path with more opportunities for advancement
and a chance to learn a variety of job skills which
will provide greater overall job satisfaction.
3. Based on the conclusions and facts outlined above, the
study recommended that P&PD assume the responsibility for
supporting all JPRS printing production requirements. It further
recommended that FBIS/JPRS transfer to P&PD 13 positions, all
printing production equipment, and the FY 1984 and FY 1985
funding that is currently programmed to support printing
production requirements. It is also recommended that a joint
P&PD/JPRS task team be assigned to develop and document an
overall implementation plan. If work begins immediately on the
implementation plan, the transfer of responsibilities can be
completed by 31 December 1983.
4. With your approval, a task team will be formed and
of the recommendations will begin thereafter.
Chief, OL/P&PD Plans, Programs and Systems Staff
senior representative for 0/L and
Chief, JPRS, will be the senior
ive or BIS.
Attachment:
As stated
2
13 OCT 1983
Date
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SUBJECT: Transfer of JPRS Printing Support Requirements
Approved:
17 OCT 1983
DepAr'Director for Science & Technology Date
Approved:
" 7 1?33
puty Director for Administration Date
3
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Memorandum of Agreement
Between
The Deputy Director for Administration,
Office of Logistics, Printing and Photography Division
and
The Deputy Director for Science and Technology,
Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Joint Publication Research Service
on
The Printing Production Support for the
Joint Publication Research Service Publications
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A. Purpose
The purpose of this memorandum is to document agreements
on the transfer of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service's
Joint Publication Research Service (FBIS/JPRS) printing
production support function to the Office of Logistics'
Printing and Photography Division (OL/P&PD).
B. Background
The agreements outlined in this memorandum are a result of
recommendations in a joint feasibility study undertaken by
OL/P&PD and the FBIS System Development Staff (SDS). The
agreements, when approved and implemented, will relieve
FBIS/JPRS of all printing production responsibilities for
their publications and will require that OL/P&PD assume those
responsibilities and provide that support with no degradation
in service. There are overall benefits to the Agency in this
transfer of responsibilities. These benefits include: 1) a
higher quality JPRS product; 2) an overall annual cost
savings/avoidance in excess of $45,000; 3) better overall
management and support of Agency printing requirements which
will result in better personnel, equipment, and space
utilization; 4) a better opportunity for developing and
implementing an automated JPRS publishing system; and 5) a
better career path for JPRS printing personnel.
C. Agreements
In order to transfer the FBIS/JPRS printing support
function to OL/P&PD and to assure that all FBIS/JPRS printing
requirements are met with no degradation in service, the
following agreements have been reached:
1. The Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Joint
Publications Research Service will:
a. Transfer thirteen JPRS
positions with present
pass Agency clearances
is
printing production support
incumbents that have or can
to OL/P&PD. One exception
who will remain at JPRS.
b. Transfer all equipment that supports the JPRS
printing production requirements which was in use
as of 31 July 1983 to OL/P&PD.
c. Transfer all FY 1984 and FY 1985 operational funds
to OL/P&PD that are allocated to JPRS for printing
support.
d. At the time of full implementation, transfer all
remaining JPRS printing supplies to OL/P&PD.
1
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e. Continue to support storage of and servicing
requests for previously printed JPRS reports.
f. Provide OL/P&PD with current distribution lists
for all publications and also provide updates to
those lists as required.
g. Provide OL/P&PD with camera-ready copy and a work
order/requisition detailing printing
requirements/volumes for each publication
submitted.
h. Contact the OL/P&PD Photography Branch for support
to JPRS on-site photographic requirements and
follow up all contacts with a work
order/requisition.
2. The Office of Logistics Printing and Photography
Division will:
a. Assume full responsibility for printing and
dissemination support for all JPRS publications
and requirements. The publications include, but
are not limited to, ad hoc issuances such as
specialized reports, reprints, reference aids,
newsletters, glossaries, handbooks, and
supplements. OL/P&PD will also print and
disseminate JPRS biographic cards for the Office
of Central Reference, DDI.
b. Provide printing positions for those JPRS
personnel transferred to the Division.
c. Support JPRS requirements for printing copyright
and For Official Use Only material.
d. Support all JPRS photographic and graphics
requirements for JPRS reports and any additional
requirements currently supported by the JPRS
photographer.
e. Make no changes in the format or appearance of
JPRS publications without prior approval.
f. Provide a 48-hour (from time of receipt) job
throughput time for JPRS serial publications.
Documents will be printed on a first-in/first-out
basis in the order they are received.
g. Cooperate and work with FBIS/JPRS in the
development of a compatible distribution change
system. Distribution changes will be effected on
a weekly basis..
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h. Provide JPRS with a medium volume copier that will
be used to support any remaining administrative
copying requirements.
i. Support JPRS automation efforts in terms of
electronically receiving data and typesetting and
printing it within the Division. P&PD will
support pilot tests in the near term and provide
overall support in the future.
j. Provide all FY 1986 and future funding for support
to JPRS printing production support requirements.
k. Assume full responsibility for any costs
(excluding costs for any JPRS site renovations)
associated with moving JPRS printing production
facilities from 1000 Glebe Road, Arlington,
Virginia to the Printing and Photography Building
on the Headquarters compound.
Upon approval of this MOA, OL/P&PD and FBIS/JPRS will
prepare a joint implementation plan for the transfer of
functions and responsibilities. The plan will call for a
phased implementation with completion on or about
31 December 1983.
Approved:
Deputy Director for Science and Technology Date
Deputy Director for Administration Date
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Staff Study
on
The Feasibility and Practicality
of the Office of Logistics
Printing and Photography Division
Assuming the Responsibility for
Printing All Joint Publication
Research Service Publications
uL/Y&PD/PP&SS.
FBIS/SDS
15 July 1983
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1UJL'1THATIVE. INTERNAL MR (Thy
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1.0 Purpose
1.1 The purpose of this study is to determine the
feasibility and practicality of the Office of Logistics
Printing and Photography Division (OL/P&PD) assuming
the responsibility for printing the Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Joint Publications Research
Service (FBIS/JPRS) publications.
1.2 The motivation for the study at this time was the
extensive technological changes which have taken place
in both _FBIS and P&PD since the previous study of this
subject as well as the changes still to come as both
organizations achieve comprehensive technical
improvements. These changes hold the promise of
significant production efficiencies and product quality
enhancements.
2.0 Statement of the Problem
2.1 Current Agency planning calls for JPRS to move to the
new Headquarters Building in the 1986-1987 timeframe
and with that relocation it is anticipated that P&PD
could provide the necessary printing support for JPRS
publications. That fact, along with the impact of FBIS
modernization program on JPRS publications and the
overall printing capabilities and efficiencies provided
by P&PD, led to the undertaking of this study.
3.0 Facts Bearing on the Problem
3.1 JPRS currently has personnel, equipment, floor space
and a budget to support their printing operations.
3.2 JPRS has ad hoc printing requirements such as
specialized reports, reprints, reference aids,
newsletters, glossaries, handbooks and supplements, and
biographic cards for the Office of Central Reference,
DDI, which must be met.
3.3 Both FBIS and P&PD are embarked on modernization
programs which will result in improved efficiencies and
capabilities in the operations of both organizations.
Close coordination and interface between the two
components is essential so that the two modernization
efforts yield maximum benefit to the Agency.
3.4 P&PD currently prints the FBIS Daily Report and the
FBIS weekly Trends in Communist Media report. The JPRS
reports are the only FBIS published product which is
not printed by P&PD.
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3.5 In order for the JPRS printing operations to remain in
their current location, renovations will be necessary
to meet safety requirements.
3.6 The JPRS printing requirement consists of a large daily
volume of work which must be completed in a timely
manner with the highest possible quality.
3.7 JPRS has a requirement for storing copies of their
publications and servicing requests for the same.
4.0 Assumptions
4.1 P&PD has the equipment capacity/capability (with some
limited augmentation) to assume the responsibility for
printing support to JPRS publications.
4.2 P&PD's assumption of JPRS printing responsibilities
will result in production efficiencies and/or product
quality gains.
4.3 P&PD will support future JPRS initiatives in automation
and/or quality enhancements of their publications.
4.4 If P&PD was to support the JPRS printing requirement,
JPRS printing personnel, equipment, and FY 1984 and FY
1985 budget would be transferred to P&PD.
5.0 Background
5.1 The JPRS printing operation which is located at 1000
Glebe Road, Arlington, Va., has been in existence for
the past twenty-five years. The facility operates one
shift five-days-a-week, employs 14 people, occupies
3735 square feet of floor space, and had an FY-82
operating budget of $558,000. The printing
requirements consists of support to 55 publications for
an average FY 1982 volume of 13.4 reports per day,
containing an average of 1,244 original pages, 11.7
photographs from which there were a daily average of
202,329 pages/impressions printed. Attachment A
contains an outline of a JPRS printing profile.
5.2 P&PD on the other hand has been providing centralized
printing support to the Agency for the past twenty-
seven years. Prior to 1956, P&PD was part of the
Government Printing Office which provided support to
the Agency. P&PD has its own separate building located
on the Agency's Headquarters compound. P&PD's Main
Printing Plan(MPP) operates three shifts, 365 days a
year, employs people, occupies 60,223 square feet
of floor space, and had an FY 1982 operating budget of
13.1 million dollars. P&PD printing operation supports
all Agency components and provides ad hoc support to
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AurilmAotnnzaorn LOWAALIAL uon vnux
the Intelligence Community and other government
agencies. In FY-82, P&PD printing requirements
consisted of a daily average of 37 jobs for multiple
publications. Using an average of eight pages per
impression, P&PD printed 1,648,408 pages per day in
FY-82. Additionally, the Division provides
photographic support consisting of microfilming, black
and white and color photography, and motion picture and
television support. It also provides publications
design and presentation graphics support as well as
centralized Agency Headquarters Copier support.
Overall, the Division supports over 3300 jobs per month
for various component requirements.
5.3 The feasibility of P&PD assuming responsibility for
JPRS printing support has been addressed previously,
most recently in 1975. In those previous studies, the
recommendations were always the same; the operations
should remain separate and no changes should be made.
The rationale for these decisions was the fact that
there were little or no benefits to be derived by
P&PD's assumption of the JPRS printing responsi-
bilities. There was little that P&PD, at that time,
could do in any automation of the printing of the JPRS
product. An assumption by P&PD of the JPRS printing
responsibility would have meant just simply relocating
the operation from JPRS to P&PD. The JPRS operation
being primarily a duplicating function was of little or
no interest to P&PD because the Division was interested
in higher quality offset printing operations. During
the past eight years, P&PD has automated many of their
printing operations and plan for further automation.
This automation effort leads to the feasibility of
deriving some efficiency and quality improvements in
the overall printing support of the JPRS publications.
Additionally, management and management philosphy has
changed; that is, the Division now wants to support as
many Agency printing applications as possible
regardless of whether the application is duplicating,
copying, or offset printing. These factors, along with
the relocation of JPRS and the FBIS/JPRS automation
initiatives, make this an appropriate time to
reevaluate the feasibility of P&PD assuming the JPRS
printing responsibilities.
6.0 Discussion
6.1 JPRS Printing Production Requirements
6.1.1 Attachment B contains an overview of JPRS printing
production requirements along with'a statistical
history of those requirements. JPRS currently
prints 55 publications which range in copy
requirements from under 100 to over 300 copies. As
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previously stated, they print an average of 13.4
reports per day containing an average total of
1.244 pages and 11.7 photographs printed daily.
The number of original pages generated by JPRS has
increased 47.36 percent between 1975 and 1982 while
the number of pages printed between those same
years has increased by 105.21 percent. The amount
of photographs in the JPRS product has fluctuated
over the past eight years. The number of
photographs increased from 1975 to 1979, decreased
in 1980 and 1981, with a slight increase in 1982
and a projected decrease in 1983. Less than five
percent of the JPRS publications contain
photographs. Attachment C outlines the JPRS
photographic requirements and shows some recent
examples of photographs used in JPRS publications.
6.1.2 There are few, if any, peaks and valleys in the
JPRS printing production requirements. The
daily/monthly volume is fairly consistant with an
overall upward volume trend. The throughput
requirements for JPRS publications are not
flexible. The material is dated before it is
received by the Printshop and must be printed in
chronological order. In conversations
and JPRS personnel, it was agreed
throughput time for JPRS publications
from the time they are received
6.2 JPRS Printing Production Process
6.2.1 JPRS currently has approximately
who contribute translation/writing
publications. These contractors
work on typewriters and/or word
that
by the
between P&PD
a realistic
was 48 hours
print shop.
contractors
their 55
their
and
to
complete
processors
submit it to JPRS for publication. These
articles/books then go through an editing process
where they are corrected/formated and put together
in a camera ready copy format (typewritten pages
with photos attached) ready for printing. A cover
master is created, a work sheet/requisition
(Attachment D) is attached, and the job is sent to
the print shop.
6.2.2
When the JPRS print shop receives the job, it is
printed (with the exception of priorities) on a
first in first out basis. The first step in
processing the job through the print shop is the
creation of a master (paper plate) for the printing
press (duplicators). The job is then run on the
press. Once the press run is complete, the job is
collated off line and then stapled together. If
the job contains photographs, they are sized,
screened, merged with the text, and run through the
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duplicator a second time. All JPRS production is
in a cut sheet (8 1/2 x 11 inch page) format. Once
the job is completed, it is then boxed, bundled,
and/or enveloped per predetermined distribution
list. It is then mailed via the Agency courier
system. Some 35 percent of the JPRS publications
carry a For Official Use Only control. The
remainder are uncontrolled.
6.3 JPRS Printshop Support (Personnel, Equipment, Budget,
and Floorspace)
6.3.1 The fourteen positions needed to support the JPRS
printing requirements include one Reproduction
Manager/Chief, one Foreman, one Offset
Photographer, six Offset Press Duplicator
Operators, four Bindery Operators, and one
Platemaker Equipment Operator. As previously
stated, the JPRS printshop operates one shift five
days a week. If there is a work backlog or a large
priority job that needs to be printed, overtime is
used to remedy the situation. In the first four
months of 1983, the JPRS Printshop used an average
overtime, of the thirteen employees working7?peril
of 4 hour ay or 84 hours per month in
for the JPRS are Agency staff employees. are
contract employees not Agency cleared. There is a
vacant Offset Duplicator Press Operator position.
Attachment E outlines the personnel resources, and
contains an organization chart of the JPRS
Printshop and a listing of the current personnel
assigned. Also attached is a.chart showing
overtime usage over the past four years.
6.3.2 JPRS printing equipment consists of four tandem
(two sided) two single duplicators, one Xerox 9200,
two Bruning Platemakers, three collators, four
stitchers, a paper cutter, a vaccumn frame and a
light table. The majority of the printing is done
on the tandem duplicators, which print both sides
of the paper at one time. The Xerox 9200 is used
to print 5x8 biographic cards for the Office of
Central Reference, DDI. These cards contain
biographic information that has been prepared by
JPRS. The 9200 is also used to print JPRS
administrative documents and extra copies of
previously printed JPRS reports. This copier is
presently funded by the P&PD Copier Management
Program. The condition of the various pieces of
equipment varies from excellent to fair. Equipment
maintenance is performed by an outside contractor.
Annual equipment maintenance costs are
approximately $27,500. Attachment F contains a
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listing of the currently used JPRS printing
equipment.
6.3.3 The JPRS FY-1983 projected printing budget is
$363,500. The principle items contained in the
budget are $264,400 for supplies, $27,500 for
maintenance, and $45,000 for equipment replacement.
Attachment G contains specific budget line items.
6.3.4
The annual rental cost of this
floor space is $37,987.00. If the operation is
expected to remain at this site, $62,500.00 worth
of renovations will be necessary to meet GSA safety
recommendations, local code requirements, and
minimum comfort standards for ventilating and air
conditioning. A detailed estimate for the required
renovations is contained in Attachment H.
6.3.5 In addition to the printing functions, the JPRS
printshop maintains/stores back issue copies of
their publications. This function occupies 250/300
square feet of floor space. The JPRS printshop
personnel services government-wide requests for
these publications.
6.4 P&PD Printing Operations
6.4.1 P&PD provides centralized printing and photographic
support for the Agency servicing all directorates
and components. Its Main Printing Plant operates
three shifts a day, seven days a week and 365 days
a year. Attachment I contains a current P&PD
printing plant profile.
6.4.2 Over the past several years, P&PD has automated and
modernized its printing plant and equipment in an
effort to provide the Agency with the highest
quality product with a rapid job turnaround time in
the most cost-effective manner. P&PD currently
uses its Electronic Text Editing and Composition
System (ETECS) for text editing, composition, and
some limited page makeup. /t currently has in-
house a black and white photographic scanner for
digitizing, screening, sizing, and manipulating
half tone photographics and graphics. There is a
color scanner currently on order and scheduled for
delivery in August. P&PD is also utilizing a laser
platemaker to create plates direct from hard copy
camera ready documents. This device eliminates the
offset photography/camera layout function entirely.
P&PD currently has a Request for Proposal (RFP) out
to various vendors for the acquisition of an
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automated page makeup system. This system will
allow the Division to merge text from the ETEC
system, graphics from the black and white or color
scanner, and create fully made up pages and output
them, initially to a typesetter and in the future to
a laser platemaker. This system will become part
of an Agency-wide automated publishing network (see
Attachment J).
6.4.3 In addition to the automation in the prepress area,
P&PD has acquired new printing and binding
equipment over the past few years. P&PD's printing
operation primarily uses the offset lithographic
printing process. Both sheet-feed and web (roll)
presses are used to satisfy P&PD production
requirements. On these presses, jobs are printed
in multiples of eight, sixteen, thirty-two, or
forty-eight pages. After printing, these multiple
page signatures are folded or cut into 8 1/2 x 11
inch pages and then collated or bound into
books/documents. Additionally, P&PD has the
capability to produce large size (up to 50 inch)
maps and graphics. These productions can be
produced in either black and white or color. The
P&PD bindery operation has the capability to staple
(side or saddle stitch), perfect bind (glue), or
spiral bind documents. The Bindery Branch also has
a computerized system which is used for maintaining
and updating disemination lists and labeling
envelopes.
6.4.4 P&PD also has offset duplicating equipment and high
speed copiers that are used to provide quick
turnaround service on low volume jobs.
Additionally, P&PD provides a photographic support
service for micrographics, black and white and
color photo finishing, motion picture and
television (videotaping) production, and design and
presentation (briefing aids) support. P&PD has its
own inhouse maintenance staff which provides the
majority of maintenance support for most of the
production equipment.
6.4.5 Overall, when compared to capacity, P&PD equipment
utilization is low (25-35%). this equipment
capacity is necessary in order to meet time
critical requirements for current intelligence
projects. While the Division has equipment
capacity, it is limited in personnel resources with
the current workload and around-the-clock coverage
requirement there is little, if any, excess
personnel resource capacity in P&PD.
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6.5 P&PD/JPRS Printing Operations Comparison
6.5.1 When comparing P&PD and JPRS printing operations,
the first thing that comes to mind is the
capabilities and capacities of the two operations.
P&PD is structured to support medium to high volume
printing requirements with high quality output.
P&PD is also structured to meet several different
types of requirements from various components in
the Agency. JPRS on the other hand is structured
to meet only a low to medium volume requirement for
its own orginization. JPRS cannot handle any color
requirments. During the current fiscal year, JPRS
has had to use considerable overtime due to
increased requirements and understaffing. JPRS is
a cut sheet operation using single 8 1/2 x 11 inch
sheets of paper to print to whereas P&PD uses
either large sheets or roll paper to print multiple
pages at one time. JPRS uses paper plates/master
to produce its product whereas P&PD uses metal
plates. The paper plates are less expensive, the
metal plates produce a higher quality product.
JPRS is a one shift five-day-week operation with
limited equipment/personnel resources whereas P&PD
has a large amount of equipment capacity with
personnel that can be used to respond to priority
requirements. JPRS is operating at almost full
capacity and has limited expansion capability. Its
current floor space does not allow for anything but
minimum expansion and hinders the
acquisition/implementation of automated equipment.
6.5.2 Attachment K outlines a P&PD/JPRS material cost and
work hour analysis of producing the JPRS
publications. The analysis is based on JPRS FY
1982 production statistics. The analysis is also
based on producing all the JPRS jobs in P&PD via
the laser platemaker and the web press. The
analysis shows that if all jobs are produced in
this manner there would be an additional daily
printing cost of $77.98 ($19,572.98 annually). All
the jobs however, would not be printed in this
manner. The job profiles contained in Attachment I
indicate that 32 (58 percent) of the 55 JPRS
publications lend themselves to the laser
platemaker web press operation. The other 23
publications (42 percent) would best be suited for
production on the sheetfed presses offset
duplicators or high speed copiers. Overall, as
P&PD gains experience with planning and producing
the JPRS on the proper equipment, there will be a
cost savings instead of an increase in daily cost.
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6.5.3 Printing costs alone aren't the only factors in
considering a possible P&PD takeover. There are
also floor space, equipment and maintenance costs
that must be given consideration. When taking into
consideration the annual increased $19,572 printing
costs and subtracting from that the annual $37,987
JPRS floor space rental and $27,500 annual
maintenance there is a minmum overall Agency annual
cost savings/avoidance of $45,915 if P&PD were to
assume the JPRS printing responsibilities. There
are also intangible cost savings that would be
associated with a P&PD takeover of this function.
These intangible savings are associated with less
administrative (overhead) costs to manage a
consolidated function versus a decentralized one.
There would also be less vendor supply and
maintenance contracts that would have to be managed
and combining supply purchases would, in all
probability, reduce overall cost. Additionally,
the $37,987 floor space rental is an annual cost
avoidance because, in all probability, the space
vacated by the Printshop will be used for new JPRS
requirements.
6.5.4 In addition to cost, another criteria that should be
considered in deciding whether or not a P&PD
takeover is feasible and/or practical is the
overall quality of JPRS publications. The P&PD
facility offers an opportunity for an overall
improvement in quality with little or no additional
costs. Also, the FBIS/JPRS modernization plan
calls for automating the textual input of the JPRS
publications. If in fact the textual data is
automated/digitized, it would allow the data to be
typeset which would reduce the overall original
page volume by 30 percent (typesetting allows for
word/data compaction) and greatly improves quality.
With the original page volume reduced, 30 percent
of the printed page volume would be reduced a like
amount. The digital data would also provide the
capability to alter the publication format which
could be used to improve the overall appearance of
the product. Attachment L contains some samples of
typeset JPRS material compared to the currently
produced product.
6.5.5 With automation, JPRS could be linked to Agency
automated publishing network and P&PD's Digital
Prepress System. These actions will improve the
overall quality of the product, reduce job
throughput time, and reduce the ovefall cost of the
publication.
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6.6 P&PD Printing Production Career Path
6.6.1 JPRS printing production employees are currently
limited in career/pay advancement possibilities.
Currently, the highest paid non supervisor employee
in the JPRS printshop is paid at $12.47 per hour.
The highest paid non supervisor employee in P&PD is
paid at $17.53 per hour. Additionally, there are
trade uprates and work leader P&PD positions that
pay in excess of $18.00 per hour. These pay rates
do not include a second or third shift night
differential that may be acquired by some of the
personnel. In addition to pay, the employees can
be trained in more than one printing trade, which
will provide an opportunity for advancement, job
satisfaction, and/or job enrichment. See
Attachment M for the current P&PD printing position
pay schedule.
6.7 P&PD JPRS Support
6.7.1 If P&PD were to assume responsibility for JPRS
printing support, there are many procedural
questions that would have to be answered by an
implementation task team made up of JPRS and P&PD
personnel. There are however, certain issues that
have been raised by JPRS personnel that can be
addressed at this time. These issues are as
follows:
6.7.1.a Placement of JPRS Printshop Personnel
In order to support JPRS requirements, 13
positions listed in Attachment E must be
transferred to the OL. The majority of the
personnel would be assigned to P&PD's Press or
Bindery Branch and placed in the Division
apprenticeship program at a percentage rate
comparable to their existing salary. From there
they would receive training and would progress
through the apprenticeship program and reach
Journeyman status. Contract personnel not
cleared would have to receive an Agency clearance
from the Office of Security prior to coming to
P&PD. Initially, the personnel would be used
primarily to support JPRS requirements. They
would however, be trained to provide overall
support to P&PD requirements.
6.7.1.b JPRS Printing Equipment ?
All JPRS printing equipment as listed in
Attachment F would be transferred to P&PD. In
the case of the Xerox 9200 (which is funded by
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P&PD), a medium volume copier would be provided
as a replacement to meet JPRS administrative
printing requirements. If P&PD assumes the JPRS
printing responsibility, JPRS would have no in-
house printing capability.
6.7.1.c JPRS Budget
If P&PD were to assume responsibility for JPRS
printing requirements, it will be necessary to
transfer all FY 1984 and FY 1985 operational
funds to P&PD that are allocated to JPRS for
printing support. These funds will be necessary
for supplies and/or any additional equipment that
will be necessary to meet the requirement. P&PD
will assume budget responsibility in FY-86.
6.7.1.d The Printing of JPRS Copyright and FOUO Material,
Including Photos
P&PD currently prints similar material for FBIS
and prints all classifications of material for
the Agency. P&PD would support this requirement
for JPRS.
6.7.1.e The Storage and Servicing Request of JPRS Reports
that have been Previously Printed
This support would have to continue to be
provided by JPRS or have the requestors go to
other Agency sources. P&PD does not have the
space or the personnel to provide this service.
However, as with other FBIS reports, P&PD will
continue to reprint and supply current reports
that FBIS/LRB requires.
6.7.1.f JPRS Automation Support
P&PD will support JPRS automation efforts in
terms of electronically receiving data and
typesetting and printing it within the Division.
P&PD will support pilot tests in the near term
and provide overall support in the future.
6.7.1.g JPRS Report Format/Appearance
No changes in format or appearance of JPRS
issuances will be effected without prior approval
of JPRS.
6.7.1.h JPRS Distribution
P&PD would assume responsibility for distribution
of all JPRS products. The successful transfer of
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ADPIINI6T1ATIVS LOWISMNAL UO15 Vii
printing operations is contingent upon developing
a compatible distribution-change system between
FBIS and P&PD. P&PD will insure that
distribution changes are effected on a weekly
basis.
6.7.1.i Printing Support for JPRS AD Hoc
Requirements
P&PD would assume responsibility for JPRS'
printing and disseminating ad hoc issuances such
as specialized reports, reprints, reference aids,
newsletters, glossaries, handbooks and
supplements, and biographic cards for OCR.
6.7.1.j Photo and Graphics Requirements
for JPRS
P&PD would assume responsibility for all photo
and graphics requirements for JPRS reports and
any additional photographic support performed by
the JPRS photographer.
7.0 Conclusions
7.1 Based on the analysis and the information gathered
for and contained in this study, it is both feasible
and practical for P&PD to assume the printing
production responsibility for the JPRS publications.
This conclusion is based on the following facts:
a. P&PD has the capability and versatility to
provide JPRS with a higher quality product in
quicker production throughput time.
b. Although initially the actual printing cost
will be higher, there are overall annual dollar
savings in excess of $45,000 to the Agency if
P&PD were to assume the JPRS printing function.
c. The P&PD's assumption of JPRS's printing
responsibilty will provide a better opportunity
for developing and implementing an automated
JPRS publishing system whereby the quality and
format of the publication can be improved and
further cost savings can be obtained.
d. P&PD assumption of this responsibility provides
the Agency with better overall management and
support of Agency printing requirements
including better equipment, space, personnel
utilization, and cost savings by consolidating
supply purchases and obtaining bulk rate
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discounts, consolidating budgets, and
administrative support.
e. JPRS printing personnel are provided a better
career path with more opportunities for
advancment by learning a variety of job skills
which will provide greater job satisfaction.
8.0 Recommendations
8.1 It is recommended that P&PD assume the responsibility
for supporting all JPRS printing production
requirements as soon as possible. It is also
recommended that JPRS transfer to P&PD all personnel,
equipment, and funding that is currently used or that
is programmed for support of their printing production
requirements.
8.2 In order to implement the recommendation outlined
above, it is further recommended that a P&PD/JPRS Task
Team be assigned to develop and document both a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the two involved
components, and an overall implementation
plan/schedule. This task team will also determine the
actual personnel equipment and FY-84 funds to be
transferred to P&PD. The MOU and implementation plan
should be developed on or before 30 September 1983 with
the overall implementation of the recommendation
occuring in phases between September and December 1983.
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