ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R01012A001700030005-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 19, 2012
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: March 14, 1952
• Content Type: MISC

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6,( of Ir ' G;4, -'
(/'%
DOCUMENT NO.
NO CHANGE IN CLASS.
O DECLASSIFIED
'CLASS. CHANGED TO:
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RUTH: Ha 10-2
RATE:
TS S
1141
SEC INFORMATION
434750
ATT4c 3 -? ?y
-rAt3LE CI
Hi! A,4% 5
EVIEWER:_009256
FCCETOMIC DEFOICANCE OF THE NEAR AND MIME EAST*
ne_mamejulf the Nr eandille East
The strategic importance of the Near East to the Free World stems 1am4y
ream its petroleum production and the metallurgical ebramite ore of Turkee?
The Near East is expected to export 93.9 million tons of oil in 1952 and
to supply 10,3 million- tons of bunkers to shire paseing through the area, The
total surpaus of 104,1 No minim tons is 17 percent of the expected Free Worle
supply in 1952, The Near East is the Worlds most promising region for fsture
oil development, Its present production is a small part of its potential
production, Since only a minor part of the loss of this area la oil could be
offset by increased produetion in the Western Hemispbere which would require
largeeeeale inveatmantsp drastic rationing in the United States and Westeen
EUrope would be necessary. This rationing would probably be more severe than
World War II rationing in the limited States, The resulting loss Would be wevse
for seeeral years,
Loss of Turkish chromite ore would be serious to the Free World, Tuekiv'gp
ore represented about 35% of the Free World's production of metallurgical grade
ohromite in 1950 and 44% of US imports in 191, Loss of this ore would weeds,
the US ?
sitate large withdrawals fn/stockpile,. The development of expanded preductl-e
it Southern Rhod aia would require considerable time and investment, Th G lose
leculd be serious in 1952p but wauld probably be progressively alleviatee. ever
tha enauing years,
Other resoureeo of the Near East are of sealer impertance to the Un Sed
? -
States and its Allies, Loss of Egypt's long staple cotta mould serious:4e
ireonvenience the United Kingdomm and other Western European countries, Ecee
of the other sem -edibles exported appear to present problems that would teseleue:
hamper tae dermas program of the United States and its Alli000
Sieejzsdane_ILZeoodualOountrie
The smantriee of the Near rest which have the greatest strategic impeztano
era the four main oil producing countries .ad Turkey?
*Inclutee Palltg 'tie% Israeli) jordand'Syria9 Lases% Saudi Arabia, Turk.?r
Afghanistano Kuwait, Tatar ard Bahrela0
1/ The total surplus of the areap 1041 trillion motel tannp minus the M talL
teas aeailable foe
stocks ef the whole Free World is. equal to the 10303 talellees
deficit that would bra created in the event of lest; of the Near East?
teens*Wiieweriee
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COFIDENTI
MUNN! naromrics
While the loss of the Nora East oil region as a whole would be serlcas
for tbe Free Wor1d9 the loss of any on of the feur ehief moducers9 Saudi
Arabia, Kuunitd Iran and Ire% would? Dot be commensurate with its estimated
1952 production, Production in all the countries is capable of considerable
expansion, Thu, In spite of loss of Iranian production far about half
of 1954 Near EaSt oil producti4,. was-greater in 1951 than in 19500 AlthTugh
loss of Iranian crude can be offsetp theAbadan refinery is important ballause
of the current absence of reserve refining capacity?
Turkers immtancwrests mainly an its chromite exports, In additivn9
Turkey uxports opa tobaceo and recentlyurbeatv the loss of which would
impose some prdblems of substitution ard alternatiie sources?
Nent in importance is Egypt, Its chief *Imports are long staple cotton
and phosphate rock to Wt e: 'Enropep rice and salt to other Eastern coue:riesp.
and minor quantities of manganese to the United States?
ireOTIFIDENTIAf
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01?111?1?111?.?????????????????ala.eit
Resource
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Aiviv.rIDENTIAL-
Welerl,1400
SECURITY INFORMATION
,RDSOURCES OF MAJOR IWORTANCE fl TM! Imo/. AND MIDDLE CAST
'.....10.0161,10.0104.111?114.0.114,
????????,..???tfil.M.11.01.01111?011,
., . . ? .
0
: g NET EXPORTS Or ARBA 3.? g Area Pristarilys .
As % of Free As %- of an a Affected 3 Degree V
-g Chief. Sources !World Exports World Production By Loss g of Long
Cs
Remarks
Natural Resources
Chromite 6 0 . 0
Manganese 0 .
Salt
o 0 o 0 0
Phosphate Rock .
Petroleum 1.41
0. 0 0
a
g Near -East Total: a
g Turkey
g Cyprus
Cs
;Near East Total 8
471) t 8
8 Thrk fOr
a
Egypt? Adan
Bent
Cs
g Near Bast Tota3.g 5,2
g Saudi Arabiag
; Kuwait

R;ricultural g
Resources g
. g
Long Staple Cotton a 2 Egypt and Sudan; 22-
a g
0
Iran
O
Xraq
.Cs
Cs
3
20
2,
1
7
1.
non.
22
10
9
6
Cs
Cs
3
Cs
3
8
0
3
2
Cs
; Fres World
g Free World
g India, Japan
3
g Europe Asia
z.; Free World
CsCs
Cs
a
.)
0
0
Cs0
;Turkey is especially important as a source of Metallurigical
;grade Cbromite (35% of world production), US stockpile is sizeable
g(r erp r s en t Ile somewhat less than 5 years of Turkeyls output) but
g only 55% complete. Considerable time would be reouired to expand
;alternate source in Africa,
gEgyptian ore is low grade; equivalent to 3% of world metallurgical
:grade eupplro
Cs
;Alternate sources availablee
;Alternate sources available by or before 1954.
? ;Alternate sources could meet only a small part of the loss.
0
0
0
Cs
gUnited Kingdom g C g Substitution of shorter staple cotton not generally possible, In
g time other sources of supply (US) and synthetic substitutes could
;largely compensate for loss, US stockpile is about 20% of the
g CaPjut4te and represents nearly 30% of annual imports from the Near
g Fast The DX stoWcpile is sufficient for from 6 to 12 months
g consumption,
? '0'
0
CONkliENI'fig
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=MITT INFORMATION
RESOURCES OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE IN TM MBAR
AND MIDDLE BAST (Cont'd)
Resource
finT mons OF AREA 1 area Primarily2
$ o co As o I Affected gDegree Zig
: Chief Sources gWorld Exports World Produotiong By Loss gof Loss g
0
Recarks
Agricultural Resources:
Opium . ? :Rear East Total
; Turkey
3
Iran
Rice . 0 :Near East Total;
g f.gypt 2
Tobacco 6 Turkey
Grata* other . 0 :Neat Feet Total;
than Rice
?
1
32
28 g
to
g Negligible
2
;United States ;
2
gSolith Asia
:Fres World
..1.1,01111*???=mmie,
D g Alternate sources could be developed and use of substitutes
g expanded.
? g Supplies only 10 of imports of India, Ceylon, and Malaya,
g Alternate sources could compensate for the lossc
Alternate sources can *apply minimum needs,
:Western Marv.: E 2 Loss quantitatively amall0
;Far East
a 6
0
* Less than 1 percent?
n,a, Not Available
1/ These percentages based on 1950 export and production figures unless otherwise indicated?
3./ The commodities are grouped in the approximate order of their strategic importance by means of the letter ratings A, B, C, Do
criteria are not satisfactory in every respect, they could not be rigidly applied in milking ratings,
A - Redaction in defense and essential civilian consumption, unavoidable, ,
B Impact on defense and essential civilian consumption could be avoided only by drastic sacrifice of non-essential civilian
withdrawal from stockplleso If any?
C Defense And essential civilian consumption could be maintained only by reducing either non-essential civilian consumption
D Maintenance of scheduled defense and essential civilian consumption would require moderate rationing4 stockpile reductiono
scheduled Increase of stockpile, .
E Relatively minor economic adjustments could compensate for the loss,
Production figures rather than exports, Major part of production is exports&
Lif Data for petroleum is a projection to 19520
V Base4 on estimated alitorage potiwat World production0
-ZIOLZT
re011-11DENTIAli
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and E, Inasmuch as the
consumption and. by
or stockpiles, if any,
or slowing down
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JCOliiIDENTIAD1
"4,E.Le-f'71-1t-4:e.Je.
a.m. ....Ka ???????? WPC* TM.
Security Informntion
- Petroleum
,1?WeeiREIMII?mvoc...1retrinry,T.,
This study is based on the year. 1952 with he assumption that no general war
would occur in event of denial of the oil of any one of the specified areas The
data is considered adequate for?general conclusions on the petroleum position. of he
United ::;tate sh Canada and ,testern 2uro e in event of loss of these areas
The loss of the Sear l'ast would have most serious repercussions e The denial of
the oil of this area would result in a serious deficit in the petroleum supply of
the r emaining non-Communist world.
The ilear rust has a surplus of petroleum.in the order of nerIy 94 million. : etric
tons. The availability is about 114.4 million tons while the requirement is only about
20?5 million (includini; 10e2 million tone of bunkers). However the actual -f?oteatial
availability tat' crude oil is far in excess of the lAanned production during; 19520 In.
the ()Vent of loss of the lear? Elat the rest of the non-Communist world would be flood
with a heavy deficit of about 10305 million tons which is 16e7 of the total'requ.remalts
amountinr to 61:1,7 ni1lIon.?
The rerinery capacity is about 50 mdlion. tons?; or lebs than half of the planed
crude productime, The capacity for aviation- gasoline, while small in relation to he
United States, is hevertheles: important and, ja event of loss ofthe area, the caeacity
would have to be replaced.
The bunker?requirement of about 10 million metric tone in the .ITear ast largely
for merchant shieninz of the ':,estern world with only a /Amor quantity required fee trade
with the area, The bunkering requirement is therefore, part ofthe ship-ine reqiirement
? of the non-Col:.wanist world and weld not be eliminated with the loss of the area, For
convenience it has been added to the requirement of. the United States, Canada and ,:estern
Europem
The estimates on crude production visualize some solution to the Iranian oil Problem
with the result .hat the crude oil output of Iran and Euwait toretherWould be comparable
to their 1950 production, In 1950 Iran produced about 5301 mil)ion metric tons and
Kuwait? 1702 mil1iou, iving a total of 5005 million. In 1952 it is estimated that Iranian
output will drop to approximately 18.5 million tons while Kuwait's will rise to 35e0
million, resulting in a total for the two countries of 53.5 million The increased
production from NUwaitwilienore than offset the decrease of eroduction in 'rano
- 1 -
CONFTDEATT-fffs
,
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In Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/09/19: CIA-RDP79R01012A001700030005-7
Security Information
Part of the could be offset 1.)y extraordinary pr Lie P.: asurbs, but
drastic raulon5.1k: would be necessary. ...otOr heati7.-1. oils for -.-?rivate ecnsu.:lersp
and bankers uo-dd be the ;..rociuc4s most effected? The rationin,; wo,Aid probably lie i_ore
se-fere thane-xporieneed in the United Litate-s durinc ;tir II (about 12). The
nee Li Li ity lbr r ati oninc, would apply to. all rermaining.ron-Commanisk. countries?
In the event that the oil industry Iran roi.r.ins substantiErly idle ?during
1;)b2s the 'ootcntial of the ion-Co:auni3 orld9 ino1udin7 tho remainin: countries
o the re.C.Or .12ast, ?is sufficient to produce the required crude oil, but .1.e rofinirg
capac-1 tieuld con.tinue to be pressed? The threat of a siortage 'would remain.
s G a 1I1 '11
?
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E C R T
Ses,urity Information
TAB.11. I? Availability. and Civilian Requirements /n the Ilon-Communist'Ver,?-ld
/1577-717176Err1Tir777Gcnoral
Thousand 1.etrio Tons Crudr, Oil EoutvaIent
Countries
VIIMIswrifInam.11.0.1.W.IIII.1,10...e ?
Crude Oil.
Crude Charging
Capacity
Civilian :I6-,':qulremonss
Bunkers Other Products
1/
CS, Canada and 1.estern Europe
-ITT arid :ossessions
3790800
30,375
18,352
3n6,579

Canada
7,260
23,620
777
20,758
210545
69
Nerway
-
50
200
1,877
1,877
Lark
-
31
141
1,94Z
2?081
United 7ingdc.m
60
29,e15
2,979
1.,700
Tetherlands
700
7,375
911
5,255
4,136
Belium-Luteurs
-
3,495
320
3,200
?ranee
190
24,575
10.00
12,188
15,28,53
It&ly
10
10,55
, 733
608
C,842
:ortual
500
250
it f;frxarry
1,300
8,981
1,i90
163
4,946
C,,109
20435
1,959
1,697
50Z55
3ritzer).,nd
200
.
1,331
1,3P,
Yulv.usiavia
150
400
-
322
:',22
Total
389,456
03.
. 1800T-
71711
7417177,F11,
Far East
16,650
11,452
3,336
15,222
18,558
Nbar 17.1pli4t
1.:ehre?
1CO
7,750
646
L"?:
ejltj
7t1.a
:Iran
180500
2?1.25
.4
2,364
132
Tra,i
12,000
975
10
T90
Iruw-Lit
56?000
1,20
959
48
1.007
Saudi AraOia
42,500
8,000
1,467
152
1 c-i9
Qatar
2,600
.,
.
5
6
.
,,
,"..r:.?.-y
50
70
76
690
768
-
40275
104
917
A?021
nzypt
203;50
2,550
1,725
:5,90'5
1A0
Other
-
600
82f..,
VALLI.
114,4 '
-Trts-IIIW
7r77117i
....1.15;,,z7
2outh A6ia
450nl
/
,..,..,..,
1,519
5,710
-- -p-,0
Africa
100
?b
3,124
6,794
9,918
112,500
80,971
9,179
3a,100
48,279
.C....1moroomm.134.6
Latin Amoria
--------
CRAr'.I) T0TAL
6300150
627,900
55,722
9414080
;=_'4516 602
V For the purposes of comparison in this study the requirements for petrol producs
TaXito been converted to crude oil equivalent, it has been,assumod that thoweight of the
products available is 87 percent of the weight of .;.he crude oil usod in their Productiim,
For comparative purposes the same percentae relationship is assumed. for thehunkerin
requirements as well as the requirements for other products. As in, the ease of avail,Ibility
the estftmates have been 'based on infermation developed by the -'ctroleum. ;,,dministratien
for Jefense with the assitanos of special industry committoes. It is believed that the
range of error is betwocn pluz 5 and minus 5 percent,
7.:k n
1/4./
ex4.? ?????
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S
Security Information
'DOM 11, 2e1a;:tona:iip of Crude Oil Availablity to Total Requirements
_ - _
A6suminr: no ubnurai
Thousan.ds of Tons -1"Iltit) Oil TLcuivalout
-
Total Non-',.;ammuoiat :.orld
ernde Oil
Availability
Requirmenta
or
Defic:t
/ 93,0'2,3
6 79
21,
4' tr,,t,03
-1.46,3:3.
- 408
- 913
,,279 p 64,,,
7,TOTTE7
"
1110,k'.i8
- (123
urviTlan
Bunkers
23,310
3,356
A0,254.
1,519
3,124.
.-,..179
-,-..,
,724:;
52e536
380564.
5,336
1,5/9
%124
9,179
-Other Product'3 TeLal
? 603,971
- 15,222,
? 10,28
5,710
39,100
.,,,-----
bil4,080
-525,356
463971
3.5,222
5,710
. 6,796
39,100
450 12543l
5e
.20,537
7,229
9,91S
,,2.`n
.A 15.7?.7.417
3,150 611,691.
33,A,50 .535,6a0
- 1(4558
.., . 7,.22.9
, 9,913
48
3-8-0:0"6-1Mlf
53,:LO 822,723
63,1f0 520,034
33,150 E.81,63
T.IS77-anad-a-and
Western alrope ?
Far at
'Teta- :ast.
- ScuthAsia
Africa '
Latin America
Total
Loas of Far East
380,450 '
13,850
114,400
450
100
112,500
? -1367736
. 616,900 ?
3890450
13,850
450
100
:12,500
toas of Hoar East
TUTUFHFU4 afir.
Western Luropo
Par 2ast
South Asia
Africa
Latin America
Total
Loss of zThuth Asia ,
Lo of of Africa-
6i15'15
530,5(YO
630,550
518,250
--5-5-,ffi.
54,205
- 52,593
4(4543
m70,--,/ro
535,370
534,28P
. 501,980
Lo t7s of Latin Aillerica
S i ORE T
-
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S
E T
ity Information
FM111.111.3 112TA.1.13
The Industrie/ output of the Free World would suffer from the loss of
the metal and mineral supply of the Near and Vaddle East primarily owing to
lose of Turkish chromite and to a minor extent from the loss of certain other
products.
DxaglIg,,, Turkey was the Free Worldgs second most important source of
all types of chromite in 1950 (354 thousand metric tons) and the eloat important
source of the metallurgical prade, Turkey supolied the U. 3, with 195,600
metric tons of metallurgical ore in 1950 (32 per cent of U. S. total imports
of this grade) and with 240 thousand metric tons. in 1951 (44 per cent),
The other most important sources of U. S. eeports of metallurgical chromite
in 1950 were Southern Rhodesia, 133 thousand metrio tens; the Philippines,
65 thousand metric tons; and New Caledonia, 59 thousand metric tons. The rest
of the Free World draws on these same sources, The supply from Southern Rhodesia
could be increased to meet the loss of the Turkish ore if transportation
port and port facilities were sufficiently improved. This would involve new
equipment and solving political difficulties, With present facilities, exports
could be increased only at the expense of other strategic raw materials.
The stockpile objective for metallurgical chromite is 3,251 thousand metric
tons; the inventory as of December 31, 1951, 1401 thousand retric tone.
To some extent chemical grade chromite can be substituted for uetallurgical
grade. The Union of South Africa supplied the U? S. with 260 thousand metriei.
tons of chemical chromite in 1950. The stockpile objective is 427 thousand
metric tons, with 295 thousand metric tons in inventory as of Decentler 31, 1951,
The loss of Turkish ore would be serious to thu Free Woria. Consumption
requiremene of the United States, in particular, would increase with an all out
emergency but could be offset, in part, by conservation measures. The loss of
the Turkish ore would necessitate sharing part Of the metallurgical ore we.
now draw from other sources with the rest of the Free World, large withdrawals
from the stockpile and resolution of the transportation and port difficulties
in Africa.
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3 3 C R T
Security information
:.aimause ore. Turkey produced about 31,000 metric tons of manrenese ore
in 1950. In 1951 (11 months) the United States received about 19,650 ,netric tons,
averaging about 46 percent manganese. Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) produced in 1950
about 213,000 metric tons of low-grade (about 28 percent manr!anese) ore; bout?
83,000 tons of this ore was received in the United States, In 1951 (11 months)
receipts were 132,000 metric tons. The balance is sold in 2,urope. Though of
limited utility, requirinp for the most part blending with hirh-rrade ores, the
,.;gyptian output, reckoned solely on its rota content, is eouivalent to about
1:.:5,000 'env tons o: ;:tallurroal'r-,o? or jossLtr2 3 pecelt of the e 1:,kted
Free World Suprly.
.cgega. Turkey in 1949-50 produced about 13,000 metric tons of cop:ar
annually. By the end of 1952 production is expoeled to reach 25,000 tons, most
of which will be available to the free world, This is only a littic more than
1% of the world output, excluding the USSR, but is significant because of the
present severe shortage of copper.
Salt. Egypt's solar salt output is around 600,000 metric tons, and Aden's
about 300,000. Turkey is expandinft production to about 4400000 tons, about 45
percent of this would be exportable. Aden and EFypt have been o)nsistent shippers
to India. In recent years they have/ furnished 500,000 tons and more to Japan,
Japan is dependent to a considerable extent on imports to Leet its estimated
2 million ton annual needs. Loss of this supply would markedly affect Japan's
chemical and food processing industries.
Ph2at.a_te Rock. tki;gypt has produced about 400,000 metric tons of phosphate
rock annually, most of this has been exported, In 1950, 160,000 tons were shipped
to Japan, 30,000 tons to India and about 170,000 tons to Europe By or before
1954 French Morocco should be able to rake up with hirher grade rock any Egyptian
loss to Europe. Far Eastorn sources appear unable to reet all Indian and Jaranese
needs The deficit could be covered from Morocco (or north Africa) or the United
States.,
SECRET
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Onit-Metri tons
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SECRET
Security-- Triforriat Ion
FJ,YECTS OP R.,;_novAL OF NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST FROM THE FREE WORLD all.P1-11? AND DE',IAND FOR STRATMIC METALS AND MINERALS
WuRLD TOTAL
NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST TOTAL
FREE WORLD LLS 'CAR AND MIDDLE EAST 6, STOCKPILE.
Mine Apparent Mine4 Apparerit Vine Apparent
PRoDUCTION consimption prodwtinn c:onsumption i;=ev,ductiiai COnsumption Dec 319 1951
cmlonTE
1,822,QQ?
, 1,731,000
444834
/
19377166
1;,731g000
2.379chh,
mAm_IANE51E,
3p595,-652
3,618,M)
172,169
454
32383
1,66 4:'q)
22369V
SECRET
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?
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S-E-C-R-E-T
SECURITY INF(RMNTION
DIE-56
NEAR ANt IIIDDLE EAST
km12U1tural Sisgplamakp of Near ard Midd Epst '1,14As'
UnitelltatAa5.1JS Allim and "Other Non-CommanIstr- Aree,s
Th loss of the Near and Middle East would notc, in the field of a
4
materially reduce the effectiveness of the economya in peace war ilIted
States or hilied or other non-Conmundet countries5 though the lcJI af this aret,
would creaie some pxobiems? Cceueral_iy spaa-L.ztng these problemsii, L. sricu
In kliad and other nan,Communist eountries than in the US,
OnLy five commdities5 extra long staple oottona opium5, craIns other than
ricei, sad t-baccot ars of sufficient importawe to be considered Indivtdckally,,
Detailei stawments and tables with rgar t these five cmmodities am (....,--)ntalned
in Appendices 1 thmigh 5 attached?
Commditil.es
&r.tAL,ralle_orctton - Egypt arA the %den pmduee over -97) perriq
(abgat, 230g000 metric tons) of the uorldls supply of oxtra long stapl ott,3n whieh
of girerA immrtance fbr eertain textile requirements such ,as h101 peed machi=c
sewing thread balloota Byrdv typewriter and aerIviarie eictbt, and fima aware:1,,
Damand for these special items is usually stimulated by antarrmt privInms,, tlubstitute
fibers are not generally considered suitable for all uses and mrtitalar, syntheti
fibers do tJA stand up Itader th hiah temperatams generated in hirh peednrichine
sewingThe ,
ULited States at least after same seasons, 1e auffsio.ient king
staple r!otton to fill its OWD requirements, Llen under the cvst, TY bietunditiens,
however, United States domestic production could not be inomased to q-,he extert that
any significant surplus would be available to supply United States alIles? The US
is stockpiling extra long stap1e5, and as of Pebru%ry 145 1.92,?.bad 174687 metric
tons in stage, anther 155533 tons due for delivery in August 19'52a against a
stook-pit* objective of 90a703 tonsc.
Tho United Kingdom imports over 805000 metri tons of extra long staple cottcn
each year fr= the Middle East, About )0FIL of the United KinNom textile industry
is geared to the use of long staples5 though the peraentace of extra staples in
total cotton textile experts is nnoll greater:, Long starle textile machines could
not be i2y adaptod to the use of shorter fibers, The loss of the Diddle East
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...V.
smufirry. INFORMATION
area wculd seriously inconvenience the United Kingdam and other NATC ailies
though it is not believed that the loas. of the extra. a.: es woulA. siguifimntly
affect the ability of the United Kingdom to earn dollar exchange,, It is believed
that tha United KitigdorimaTally tries.to maintain a supply of extra stavaes
sufficient for (.'.) to 12 months operation.,
.2?. 90= -Turkey. And Iran exported in 1950 about 66. pendent (412 te) of
?
the voridls exportable supply of .opium. Thi US in currently' dependent ent.ir4y
on tho lisar and Middle East for its supply of opium,? Several Earocan countries
also obtain the bulk of their opium .imixrtte frim this arese, India is th. only
other important sourte to tha Free World at the present. time,:
Tho. opium poppy which thrives-under a wide range of climatic condltinn9;
if necassaryv bt grovn in thP United States and in several a1li6d e?ountrIes
sufficient quantities to supply minimum needs of opixm in the event of thf: lr:s8
Turkey and. Tramp if sufficient incentives are. provided goera and tareotis eontra
obleetns are removed Alsot synthetic; drugs are aNailable Which,in sme
can be vised. az 8 substitute for mrpMne and codeinet. the tvx.) most ImpzIrtf.Int aJkIth
of opium. There dues na exist sufficient.eviden-e to indicat that ftily satisfactoy
synthetac substitute narcotics are available to replace morphine and endeim
medical uses at. the present time..
United States is stockpiling opium indepr4ndent1y of synthetic narcotic
developments and by DeceMber 31t 1951t the stett:poile objective .of 127 netric tons
was 288 percent fulfilled?
Grni,tsother tb#n rice. - Dear ilia addle ha$ slcradiqJ and
relatively unimpDrtant export saurce of gran (other than r1ce4 chiely bar1ey,7
However, Turkey has been rapidly expanding Lran aereage and has an estimated 7501,000
tons of wheat and barley available for export frtothe 1951 oro-N Indlcations are
that Tarkelos atemad-up lcv.el of productim my be maintalmxig, lal perhaps increased?
The loss of the Near and Middle .ilat grain surplus areas would aggrevate exchange
problems in Allied and other non-Cf;mmunist areas, and would represent a fairly
significant loss in quantitative term if Turkish atpectations for oontinued high
level grain production are realized., On the other handt Egypt nav imports frm
500i,C00 to 1 illio. tots of grain annually and a loss of the rxtire Near and
Middle Dast area would eliminate this drain o Fr(W World grain supplies?
S-EX-R-E-1
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SAMMY WORM=
40 Ittap .-Aloomt 9 pent of the world.11a exportable supply a 4 million tons
of rice le Ooduced in the Near and Middle Eat$ chiefly Egypt? The chief importers
of. Egyptimn rice have been india9 Ceylon,; and NblayaQ These eauntries howevare
have tem importing only about 10 percent of their total We imports frinA te.Dear
and Middle Eastc, The 'loss of thi$ area would tend to increase the dependence f')f
impttrting countries on dollar sculves of erain ?thus aggravating their exchang
problema, Tie gvantity Involved uuuld hotbe difficult to uake supply-mIteN,
in the termt ther gralte from such sources as the OS and CrAnada,, No c61:intry
outside Vat? :Far East and r:autla A:Au would be. :,-ieriously af6. Lthv
Near an4 Middle East rice,
5, Tobaf= - The tobacco surOlus producime nountries of the Near and Middle
East of which Turkey ,is 4y far?the m&A importantl, produce about 10 pert of
the vor1Ws taporte of tobacco, Distribution of Turkish totaceois :1,ot commntrated
in any me lou.itry or geographdo group of eountries? Mgt US is dependent m Turkish
,,toloaeo from the standpoint of its blend qualities and for that reasov it rcTarded
as .canast essential bv tobaccowoctuct manufacturer-49Q, There ie no mo y 4ependenca
0244e other countries of the 1T60 World on T,arkieh tobacco eweepti, aa the case.
of the US,0 for quality reasonb,i Althouch the lose of the near Dt volAd inerease
the depondenae of suCh eatzttries on dollar' soureekt quantitatively, lev.:0;t6, the
loss of the TurRish soures.of supply Ilculd be of riwr hnportancoo
.? 3 -,
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'SECURITY INFORMATION
N1E-56 -
NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST
Appendix 1 - Extra Long Staple Cotton
Appendix 2 - Opiam
Appendix 3 - Grains Other than Rice
Appendix 4 Rice
Appendix 5 - Tobacco
Washingtono Cc
14 March 1952
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Security Info tion Appendin 1
THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST
Extra Long Staple Cotton
Although extra lung staple cotton (1 31e and over) constitutes only
about 3 pare nt of total world cotton production, it is of great importance
for certain textile requirements such as high speed machine sewing thread
balloon Byrd, typewriter and aeroplane cloth; and fine apparel, organdy,
voiles and laces. with a few borderline exceptions, shorter staples cannot
be substituted. Aiso, textile machines designed for the processing of extra
long staple varieties cannot readily be adapted to the use of shorter fibers.
Extra long staple cotton production is concentrated in five countries,
Egypt, the Sudan, Ferns the United States, and the Nest Indies. Egypt
produces substantially more than 11 other countries, and together with the
Sudan, produces over 90 percent of the total world supply of about 230,000
metric tons.
United States D endenoe on the Near and Uiddle East.
Extra long staples play only a very minor role in the United States
cotton economy. The textile industry in the United States is geared
primarily to the use of domestically produced short, medium and long staples.
United States production of extra long staples during the last ten years has
averaged less than 7,000 metric tons. Imports during the last four years
have averaged less than 25,000 tons.
The United States is capable of producing its own supply of extra
long staples. In Arizona and adjoining areas in Texas and New mimic? there
are both the irrigated land and the long growing season necessary for the
production of extra long staple varieties. With the necessary price incen?
tives the United States requirement of extra long staples couldprobably be met
by domestic productien.
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Security Information
Appendix 1
- 2 -
no United States stockpile objective is 90703 metro tons of extra
long staples to be
ttained by 30 June, 19540 This is oonsidored mafficient
to supply all critical needs until domestic, production can be stimulated
sufficiently to supply the minimom needs of the United States? The first
acquisition.for'the stockpile was ulnae in February 19510 As of February
14, 1952 there were 17?687 metric tons in storage ? In addition, 15,533
metric tons have been contracted for frmn Egypt and are due for delivery.
prior to August 19520 Another 30400 tons will be purchased for the stockpile
by the CCC from the'Uo So 1951-52 crop It is estimated, therefore, that a
total of 366eo metric tons, or 40 percent of the objective, will be stockpiled
5.3 of Aligust?ls 19326
Allied Dependence on. the Middle East?
The United Kingdom imports over 80,000 metric tons of extra long staple
cotton each year from the Middle Emste This represents about 40 percent of.
the total production, in the reae Other NATO countries together import
25,000 tons? Since neither the United Kingdom or the other NATO countries
have areas suitable for the growing of long staple varieties and since much
of its textile machinery is adapted to this type and could not readily be
utilised for other lengths or other fibers, it follows that the NATO countries,
excluding the United States, would be seriously inconvenionoed if the Middle
East should be lost to them as a source, of mapplye
The United Kingdom would suffer the most if the Middle East source were
lost for a long period? It would result in a paralysis of the fine cotton
spinn5ng? industry Although the United Kingdom is one of the most stockpile
oonscious countries in the world it would be virtually impossible for it to
store a supply of extra staples sufficient to meet an emergency? The United
Kingdam,s stockpile objective varies, naturally, according to world oonditionsr
It is believed, that it normally tries to maintain a supply of extra staples
sufficient for 6 to 12 month operations?
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Appendix .1
Security Information'
7,7 61;
Although extra staple lengtha conetitute only about 20 percent of the
United aingdomes tot 1 cotton conaumptions the percentage which extra eteploo
is of total cotton textile exports is certainly much larger. The extra
etapies, therefore, are an important source of foreign exchange? Extre
staples are most important in the manufacture of high quality cotton goodes
The high quality lines are the only ones in which the United Xingdom can
compete price-wise on the uorld market. Although much of thie high quality
cotton merchandise is sold in Australia and New Zealand, Canada and the
United States are important dollar markets for such geode at the present
tis e? Although statistical proof is not available, it is not believed that
the loss of tile-bre staples would significantly affect the ability of the
United Kingdom to earn dollar exchange. Fine woolen goods are more important
as dollar earners than are five cotton goods.
Other Don-Communist Area p!Rendenee on Middle Easts
In this group of countries, India is the only large purchaser of extra
long staples from the Middle East. Indian imports average round 514000 tone
each year? Although this is about one-fifth of Indiats total cotton imports
and is a significant portions it is a much smaller portion of their total
cotton coneumption and the loss of the Middle East source might not be a
serious handicap to the Indian textile industry?
Table I shows the average exports of extra long staples from the Middle
East, by destination, during the lest four yours?
Conclusion
The principal uses of extra long staples are for high speed machine
sewing thread and for balloon, Byrd, typewriter and aeroplane cloth. Demand
for these special items is usually atimulated by ernament program. Substitute
fibers are generally not considered suitables For thread, in particular,
synthetic fibers do not Stand up under the high temperatures gezerated in
high speed machine slowing
The United States apparently would, after some seasons, be capable of
producing its own requirements of extra long staples. Even under the most
favorable conditions. however, United States domestic= production could not
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?
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App orAd ir I
? Security information
he stimulated to the extent that any Agnificant surplus would bo available
to'supply United States! Allioso in order to attain such an objective,
production in tho United States would have to be stimulated to heights
never heretofore attained,' Poma with price incentives and appeals to
patriotimn, production of extra staples in tho United States never exceeded
16,000 teas in apy one yrq
It appears* therefore, that since the ddle East ia the only source of
u eubstantial supply of extra staples, the loos of this area would seriously
inconvenience our NATO allies, particularly the United Kingdom,: After a ?
year or so the fine spinning cotton industry would probably be at ti stand-
still for luck of further stockpile supplieso
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?ScriMPIRIS9211711.11r.
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Appendix 1
Table 1. -Cotton, EMtra Long Staples EaTerts from the Near and Middle East
by Country of Origin and -Area of Destination
1111?0361221:1111019111{.02111SMIERO
DESTINATION
74.?biziraiint.--12arawatetimallatal-
DUPL.
AND THE
SUDAN
'14:e
2
United States 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e ? 8
220'727
2
10.0
2
2
United Kingdom. . . . ? ? 0 0 t %
82,955
36.5
2
Other HATO:
2
2
2
6 6 0 4 6 0 0:
14,091
2
6.2
2
Italy . . ? ? ? . ? 4 0 e 0 0
11,591
5.1
2
Total Other NATO. . . . .2
25,682
11.3
2
Other Allies:
2
Japan 0 0 0 ? . ? . ? ? 0 8
2,045
0.9
2
Germany Zji ? ? .0 ?0 0;
7,273
3.2
Other Non-Communist:
2
Svitzerland . ? . .2
5,227
2.3
2
2
India . . ? . . .2
54,091
2
23.8
?VaRtrosateimentatmeeeemeout,
Total Other Non-Cceasunist
59,318
26.1
Soviet Orbit:
2
RUOSiao 0000000000 0:
1.0,455
4.6
Eastern Europe. 0
1,818
0.8
Total Soviet Orbit. .2
12,2
-5.4
:
Unspec ified . . . . . . . . . .:
25,227
6.6
:
:
Torms 6 6 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 02
227,500
2
100.0
2/ Marketing 'par beginning September 1.
2/ Proportion to Nester:: Germany valknoini.
sEPRN`r
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Appendix 2 -
PEP=
'Security InformatiOn
NE WEAR UM MIDDLE EAST
slipalz
7 Total woTld production of mu opt= before World War XX we o1_,%tly
,
over 1,000'Inetric tons. Of this aMount, the countries of the Near am&
Middle East produced about 15 percent. Wormal postwar worIE production
appears to have been about 800 tone annually. HOwever, cultivation e
the, opium poppy is so Subject to the hazards of nature and so entangled
with politica?actersthatwide fluctuations in the volt m of world pro-
_ ,
duction occur from year to year. Xn the face of the added factor of
incomplete statistics aa ,opium in all producing countries, it is meanine-
less to speak of c7averago annual production" in any country.
In 1950 Turkey and Iran exportd. about 412 tons, or 65 percent of
the wor/d7s exportable supply of approximately 637 metric tons of opium.
Most of these exports want to the United States, with smaller amounts to
, .
the United Kingdom, BaXgium:and Italy.
2.1112a-?igka-P2Mq2D2P On the 11,9ELIMILIANALIkat,
The United States is currently depending entirely on the Fear and
Middle East for a necessary up1y Of. opium. Althou8b the United States
/ /
impel-tad a wall amount ::of optun from Algoslavia in each of the three
Y.uare 1947-.49, Turkey and Iran were the only United States suppliers la
?
1950. India has not been a United States supplier since 1944.
The opium stockpile objective of 127 Metric tons is scheduled to be
?
colligated by 30 June 1954. Aloweveri, because of tight supply and the
difficUltykin procurement, it is questionable if that deadline can be
of
met. Fros00 June 1951 to 31 December 1951 the 6.6 Metric ton accuMUlation
raieed the percent of stockpile accumulation from 23.6 to 28.8 percent
of the total objectiVe.. The amount scheduled for delivery by 31ecember
1951 would have increased inventories to 30.1 percept of the total:Ajeetive
had it been ddlivered./,Ohe amount scheduled for delivery 30 June 1952
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&Og.
Appendix 2
will increase stockpile inventories to 31.7 percent of the total objective..
Although etocks plannekfor delivery at various dates between the present
time and the target date indicate a 96.4 percent fulfilment, scheduling
of deliveries beyond 30 June 1952 has not been completed. This indicates
?
that until more deliveries can be scheduled the accumulation of opium_
beyond mid-summer 1952 will remain at 31,7 percent of the totaLobjective.
Allied Dependence on Near and Middle East
OVour,allies, Belgium
of Near East-produced opium. Belgium and Italy obtained all their known imports
Italy and Western Germany are important purchasers
from this area in 1950. The Netherlands and Denmark also obtained a amen
but significant portion of their total imports from. the Near East.
Other Non:-Communist Area Dependence on Near and Middle East
' ?
Switterland was the only other non-Communist importer of opium.
Although Switzerland obtained over 60.percentof its supply from Turkey
in 1950 its total ,imports were not more than about 7 metric tons:
The attached Table 1 shown the exports of raw opium for the year
7$950 from Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan to the chief importing countries
of the world.
Conclusion
Under' current conditions the United States is depending completely
upon Turkey and Iran for its supply of raw opium TO a lesser extent
t1
mcetofouralliesinWenternEuropearealso*pendent on the same
source. The United Kingdom/, however buys over 90 percent of its opium
.from India
Since Turkey ,and Iran each supplied about one-half of the United
States imports in 1950 it appears that the loss of either or both these
countries would result in sharp curtailment in the supply for the
United States The seriaasness of the resultant situation would depend
to a large extent on the adequacy of the United States stockpile and the
- . ? ? ? .
rapidity with which alternate sources of supply could be deveaoped.
The wide yearly fluctuation in world production of opium suggests th ?
, -
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A/Tendix 2
SECRET .
alternate sources of supply could be developed rapidly if growers are offered
the proper indmeinente. The wide range of climatic conditions under whiich tka
opium poppy thrives suggests that the United States and her aUlee could pro.
duce domestically the minimum amourt of opium required for the medioinai neos
of the Free World. To attain such a level of prochrztion rapidly, however,
would require a comiderablo amount of preliminary planning. Price incentivaa'
to growers would be Pecossary. With a reasonable amount of cooperation betwen
the Government and the growers, however, the United States and its allios ociARL,
by growing their own poppies, be assured of a supply of opium even if Twky an
Iran were lost as a souxce of supply.
Opium is composed cf about 25 alkaloids of which four are useful in
medicine . However, only two alkaloids, mornhine and codeine, are important.
Raw gam opium yields about 11 percent of morphine and one pereant of
codeine by weight.
Morphine has two kv..jor uses. :rst, it is a pain killer ad is used as
an analgesia and as an inducer of sleep. Secondly, it is the product from
which codeine is methylated, Approx=ately 80 percent of all morphine iv
used in the farm of codeine and other narcotic derivatives.
Codeine has several uses since it contains 10 to 15 percent morpUna
it retains most of the pain-killinr: properties of morphine but It does not
hew the sleep inducing efTects. Codeine is used widely in the treatmen'i; of
ambulatory patients since it can be self-administered. It is used to treat
post-operative cases to prevent coughing. It is also an ingredient in
medicines used in the control of cough, and is used in patrol action as a
prevertativemeasure aganst coughing, which may disclose one's rosition.
Experiments have not as yet produced entirely satisfactory substitutes
for morphine and codeine. A.dozen synthetic narcotic drugs are now subject
to international control; but only two? methadone and dromoran, are of sig-
nificant importance. Dromoran closely resembles morphine In. its p!4nkilhing
properties but is highly addicting. This synthetic is available in unlimited
Plzkuit
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Appandix
31.:C}IFT
?
supplyo and has been standardized far use 1r. the armed forces. Although
another synthetic called mtharlone (called amadone by the Germans who
dovered it dwing World War II) hasmr.rdicinal properties .similer to those of
, codeine in Ito effect on the control of cough ttle? medical profession has not
found it to be as reliable as cc4eine in the treatment of the various ills
?,for which codeine is so universally effective.
Fairly good 'results have been obtained from Owerimental use of these
drugs with service personnel; but. is must be remembered that these mi.:Liter's' -
personnel do not represerat t fair sample of .the pepuDation of the United States.
There does not exist sufficie t evidence to indicate 'Ghat synthetic sub-
stitute narcotics erevzttLable to replace morphine and, codeine in medical
uses, in the United State: at the present time. .Although much experimental
work is being dope to develop satisfactory substitutes, it cannot be e.csumed
that substitutes will far the net few years, at leatit-, lessen the need for
. raw opium.
SEAM
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Appendix 2
Table 1. .Rftu. Opium: ExpaAs from the Near and Middle .Fient
L,ountry of Oripin and Area of Destination; 1950
.DESTINATION
?
or ion
;
1114/Catet...11fitrallUl
ijaaa&10=
MOMM*PiMalb...".N".1?010211?MGPON-
Un#cd Stater:: . 0 . .
EA 4
y
t
1644652 :
&-Ulazzon-
156 009 : ?
4
:
320,661
United Kingdam. . . .
. .
t
7,389
7,389
Other NATO:
:
:
.
Ftc:-Lnce. 0 0 ES 0, ED
4 0
2
482
482
-Belgium e . 0 0 0 0
a 0
:
7,600
:
16,687
:
-
:
24,267
10,000
:
3,537
Netherlando . . . .
. .
:
1,200
Denmark
:
145
:
:
865
Total Other NATOe
0
:
20,001
:
20,369
7
-
:
/0,370
Other Allies:
:
:
:
Western Gertany fGS
G.
:
8,996
:
2,117
:
-
:
11,113
Other Non4oElmunist:
:
:
t
:
Switzerland, . .
. .
:
4,793
2
-
:
-
2
4,793
Soviet Orbit:
:
UCSOSOR., .) 0 0 0
0.0
:
28,000
:
28,000
Czechoslavakia.
9
9
Unspecified
160
:
160
2
2
',MAL e
.
206,000
178,495
:
28,000
:
4X2,495
2,/ French ad United States Zone.
Source: Permanent Central Opium licard.
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E0RET
SECURITY INFORAATION
Appendix 3 ,
NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST
-Grains Other Than Rice
Significance of Near andnMiddl East in World Supply.
The Near and Middle East has been a somewhat sporadic and relatively
unimportant exporter of grain.. In the paot, barley has been the chief export
grain of this area, though in some years wheat has been exported in significant
quantities. Traq is the main exporter of barley and accounted for, 81 percent.
of the 400,000 metric tons of barley exported from the Near East in 1949.
However, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt have all' exportedsome,
grain in various Years, though none, including Iraq, has been a condistently ?
dependable source for sizcable amounts. In 1949, about 63 percent (206,000
metric tons) of Iraq barley exports (for which the destination is known) went
to the 'UK and other Western European countries,, and most of the rest went to
Japan and India.
Probably the most important development in the, Fear and Middle East grain ?
situation, however, was the excellent 1951 grain crOp in Turkey. That county(
has not exported significant quantities of grain, in recent years, and has, in
fact, been on an import basis in several years. But, according to recent Turkish
estimates, about 750,000 tons of grain, mostly wheat, will be available for
export from the 1951 crops. Substantial quantities have already beta.' sold,
chiefly to Syria, France, West Germany, and other Western European countries.
Actual exports. have been slow inasmuch as Turkey's transportation and grain
handling facilities are not geared to the movement of large quantities of grain,
and the high price of Turkish graln has restricted sales somewhat, -However,
recent information indicates that some improvement in the grain shipping situation
is taking place and that importers are continuing to buy in spite of the price.
SeedingG for 195? are very large and condition, reports are favorable thus far.
TurkeY is clearly determined to increase its grain acreage and production, is?
receiving US aid to that end, and it appears quite possible that Turkey will
become an exporting nation of some consequence.
United States Dependence on Near and Middle East.
The United States,' itaelf an exporter of grain, is not at all dependent on
the Near and Middle East source of wheat and barley.
Allied DePendance in Near and. Middle East.
The. United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, Ytelgium, and. Japan have been
among the principal buyers of Iraq's barlt4y. Western European countries are
expected to buy thg.i bur, of Turky's grain in 1952, and in the future, if Turkey
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S'.17; CRET
3r/GO:1:Y DboniETION
Appendix 1
dontiAm, .1s an oxprter, In recent yearsy ;ailed imports from the near and
14,00,1i, :ant have onounted to only about 1 percent of the total of such importsT
with conoid8rab10 va,laticm as botueen differant years, The chief importame
of iler:r aid itdcUe Mast grain to cur Allies in the past i-taz been the fact that
it could be obtained for exchange other than dollars? If Turkey achieves regular
exps e around 1 million tons in I:ht--; near futuToc, It is possible that cur
Western DaEopean Allics might expect to Inport neaxly that quantity from the
Near
end 2,ant area a uthole, This vould be about 5 percent fit thgtr
grain inmrts, Slloh a quantity licidtd be inNrtant, arain chiefly trzm the
exthance Ttandpoint, If the arca mire l'e)st the grain could (in nost years,
at la-lst) be replaed? but largely fron &liars sources,
other pzedmrilmaptArce Dutndengv in t4e_neax?: and laddie
/32 the past? the dependence of other morpConnanist areas on near and taddlk
2ast Frain has boon almost negligiblo, e%cept that some ccuntrieo in the near
and Mldlo at arca depend fa1r1y hezW4y on experts from their neighbors
during
co tin years ? If Turkey delmlopo as a source this dependence may
incleasy, and e.Ycher importing countries such an India nay endeaTFor to build
up a larce trade,. Zapt has becono an imgcrtant inglorter in recent yaar
(500,000 to 3 million tons annually) and has been depending on a uicks variety
of eimL.-cee of suplAies0
coPe2r49113
Er.sed on historical evidence2, the loss of th.c_ near and !addle Eni,..t as a
scurce of crain xseuld net be of Ercat imporcet, the chief cf('ect being an
incresoing depen&r.ce on the pert of ini,orting countries on dollar SOU=86 oe
grain but on a relatively small scale,, The possible encrnnve of Turkey as an
ezpottsr of rrain (motly uhsat) in a quantity appreaching 1 million tons an=a1:3;7
uo12.10. alter the siraificanco of the cl'ea greatly() Eoueverg, the nignificance
uould till hinge 1Ltrgely on the exchange problem, as the Turkish main eculd
iD most no:maI years, be replaced frcm dollar gources, though the quantity if,
regularly available? is larEe envugh to be'regarded as impmtant, and night -ands;
some cirevastanees represent a nubs1antia :3Less to the Free UcTld asi& fl*xl
exchange consi&Yrations.
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(yrA pro% gm...
SECURITY INFORMATION Appendix Li
1TLAR .AND IiITILLE
t12
.6
' leame of Near and Middle Dist In Wrid's.au'or117
The rice aurplus produoing wuntries of?the Near and /addle East - Egypt,
'rano and Ircq - export 361i,000 trts or about 9 pareent of the worlfrn 7.,Toert-
able .supply of 4 million tons of nilJed rim, Of tire exprts from theee thrva
countries in 1949g about 227,060 tons or 66 Pemento vent to countries in th2
Far East,. the chief anTOTUTS have to ndiz Ceylon and L'la7ga,
? Egypt is aotually thoay country in the Near East wit-a a significant
suppIy af exportable -Hoe, Egypt expc)rted about 343,000 nttrie tons in 1949
.or 95 pertent tf all tht:I rice exported from t7f, Near and Niddlo East?
The Near and laddlr, East p.seduee allAon.mitrie tons ar only about
proont of the total world ri output of about 150 million metric.; ton a of
rfough riee annually)
United.:', ;es P9rhndenoe on Near .znd Hidqe Easi,
The United. -ltatetl itself an exoorter of Tice on a relatively small scaliic;
is not at all dependant on the Nkiar Last source,
Anied Darendenoe on Far East,
of aur Allies is greaAly dspendent foil the Neat- East as a source of
rieeo
Other N' -Cornunist flrea Derondence on Near anti Middle East,
In th.5s group InJias, Ceylon, and. Nalayct a2'e the printipc1 buyers of Egyptian
rioe, These three ootl4ries Look u'Lx.rut:?012,0100 tans or 59'peroentl, of ,,c,?/pt%s
exportable supply of roti in 1949c. Thin?, llowverp :if:Anted to only about 10
percent cf:4' the tatal rieo,?impDrts'ef,f the threo i7;euntries, Curipared with th..
-iripart5 of other fmd raths. ule isav3rts-of .int C1 India, Ceylon,and aya
frA the &ar East axe 1jeaT1 Barring a Cormunist 'invasionofSQutheast
loss of the Near azd Middie Last org. mc.ra rLvtin.larily,. of Egyptr, would
probably cause eni7 nominal. hardship in these oeunt-TLes,, the valUe at Near East
tatj?lonr, ad Nalava stens winarily fn the foot that it 'is a
mrk4olla-xL sly,,,roo ofsulppiy.f, .Thrig as the risre supvlik)zt of pmn/and south_
e4-;:tst :voia rerialls ilabh; to t3142? 11611,411V12/11 Sidi; 115.rid.-5,10 of the Trif-,,s eupply
? (T)f the Bear and 11)deJA) 1k:A donid beNoffsr,t, by impoms of rsia 1!...-another
scurces or by sastitution of 1,,thr foodrrainso
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F-
ONFIDEJ\TTTAL?
SFOURITY INCRNITION
ith
? Appendix
.:Cary:11 1,13 7:kat record di to have .5.raTorted any 1tian
194% she .1,t4s 04, uftrpt best oast-J.2cm in 1950 and 1.951, Thussia
rice from Iran althr.rurrh Ilarle ? is recorded ? ir.i 194'3. Ebrilit,, "MPorte4170, q.'nte'Pea
into an-agraerzent tc.:: supply 1.t's I. with sone, 40$000 tons of ric-0 in 3.951,
!Lae attached Table 1 i3hows the ries cxts in ra frori ET/745 Iran mid
Iraqo and totals ?fror the Vicar and Middle Cast to ths equef :npoting areas
of the wer:1d,
CcI,19:11.PiPre
Frrin the stard-roint ar.total-ric sa,ITypli ,s, lo-ss csir the Near?Eaut suppiiia3
1YOUld not SCricuisly affect .my of the ric,.e. iriperting ccruntries as .1.onc,
.1.hin1and Cot,hat Aja rerr4111S non.-Corraraist althaug,h wordd requIre noym3.
ad' tistrients
and iblaya?
Attaehrzento
'the programlnr of ricio inpf.xts, particularly in Luliat Ce-
?
CONFIDENTIAL
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at 4
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?
Table 174-1, ta By Countrias ..11 and Are of tinatit)n.
CONFii5ENTIAL.
'3EctifiriTy' EiFF,R1 L'TION
Appendix
35:,atiraidoz.
. r
e
Iraq
Thausands
Iran Total
of raetrit
Vatc, e,mntriea (1,,
Other A:Ilies
OtherNcn.Camunist
Etaat ,
tkar and laddlEr faat
StritZeriarld ?
Finiand 4 9 41
Austraa 4 0 Ct
1-0,70441aVia 0 9
Other. emntries
Total Q
airebaneer.....e.?
9
,9
G
?
?
el
.
4,
o
9
4,
9
9
9..
9
9
4
0
0
0
0
.
4
4)
9
0
- ,
't
2
'7,
0
4
1003 .4
9,6
186 g
6.2 .2.
405 2
?';
45
62?7
02
1,,O
L2
16?3
2
1.0,5
226,7
9
6,2
4o5
62,7
360te
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- ?
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-
SECUTiff-Y rnFo1TIon
roT)NFIDENTIATO
11E4T .CPT
_
TCB.A.COU
Appendix 5
The toboc= surnlus re,aducinc clmntries of the Vet analUddie East Turkey.
and Syria - exp:ITt about 23 percent of the worlds experts of tobacco? Turkey
is the chief exportinc ocuntry0 aocauntinr for 97 percent of the 820459 mtrie
tcns of tebacco exported frau the Near and. Middle Last in 1949. Turkish tobaCco
e,n:ers many trr.f.is ehannels and its distribution is not ooncentrated in any on
country or Foographio proup of countries, The 190 exports to Germany (200336
retrle tuns) represent the largest expzrt t6 any one country,
Since this fze: represents (-ago:tts to aU f Germnyt w-Ithout ihdivating
breakdown by zone,:,0 0.:(,:lys. of the inportanceof TurkIsh tobacco to 1.!8sterri
Germny alone is not prattical4 and Middle It tobacco exparts nade up
4404 percent of total imports to all of Gerwny in 19490
Of the total e`le.J.,x and Middle East tobacco exwrted in 1949s. 22 rnTeent _
vent to the United Stv.tes0 peroont te or alliesv 1 percent to the non-
Conr-mnist countries (Includes '"%5 percent which VILJ exported to Near and Middle
azst ecoitntriev)* 25 pi,rrste.nt to Ciermanyz 5,9 percent to soviet Crbit co-antrissi?
and 3,,9 pereent to othri.r cc;untries? Near and Middle Ulst tobacco made up 10
percent of all toknece, impz-irted by the United States4 4iies and other non-
Corrunist countries,
The hear and r.46,die Last eountries produced ln 1949 less than 3 pement of
the total world prAvetIr of tAaccos whIch wri.s about 3 nillion metric tons,
United f;tetv,,,,ep (iclt.,
The Tiratej '7tfltc,sr a larre exporter of toWetwIr is dependent the ii.ear
and 14..tadI from the standpoint of the blend 7lualities of Turkish
tobacco,
`; aa,tt
amat all NATO cau%tries import some tobaloo frail the Nap and Middle East.
Turkish tobaC;oo made up 6 perent of the tobacte imports uf the United Kincdom
in. 1949, Imports of Turkia-h tobaeco ace :panted for 14 percent of all other NATO
c-cuntries4 tcbaocc: import:6, The pottery) of tobacco distribution front the Near
rsatI of our allies trimi t.d.s soramc4 of
supp170 exeoptv, as in the ease of the U 'ted States, flavor et rost tal-Acee
products appears to have n owner appeal when the proper "Turkish Blend" is added,
CONFIDENTIAV
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tONFAiNTIAL1
aC-RET
SEGURITY 10011/ITION
Appertdix 5
Other NonXonnunist Area Denendengy on. the Nearjn.nd Riddle East, -
Neat and. r11&U Fat tobacco make up? percent of the tobacco vrts of
.other non..Conntuarit countries in Western Europe. in 1949 The annunt shipped to
south American countries unS less than one percent of their tobacco imports,'
-Only in the.:iddle Eas t itself did tobacco from Syria and Turkey .amount to, a-
substantial portion0, 35 percent, of the total amount imported?
The attached Table. 1 shows tobacco exports in 1949 fromairkey and Syria
to the chief importing areas of geographical and political affiliation uith totals
and appropriate subtotals
Conciusion,
Since Near and Middle East tobacco makes up not more than 10 percent of the
tobacco consumed in the United States, its Allies, and other non.Communist
countries, the lOss of this source would not naterially reduce the available. ?
supply of tobacco to these .countries? Except .for the psychological value which
It adds to the utilization of tobaCco products, the loss of the Turkish tobacco
supPly uould not resrat in a serious tobacco loss to the free world?
?Attachmento
bONYMENTTAf
" ?
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? t:
CONFIDENTIAL
-C r
szcorrify
Table I, DPar and Paddle it Tobaii!co Lxportst 1949,
aESTIDArIoN &MOE
Turk qyri
? Appeildix 5
T944
,?. 1
jpiied Stateo ? . . , . . . ,., ?:?,' 16 ? 692 t 1,422 :,, 18j14 ,
,
41liell ? ',. ;
. S,L4,6 ft '4K
? ,,,,,v t 8 g 461
17v522
., "4? i,875 ?
,
2%968 368 263%
26336
2.
2 g
3,241 .
a...' t.
4189
..
. .
14.5 ; 5 ; 150
9g 010 21 617 t: 9?627
.
,,, ? 4
lklited. Kinedam , -, 0 0 0
Othe'r VATO Cc,:antrie8 . 0
. Tot5,I Allies 0 ;-. 1 0 ?
(t118,,r. Ec.:,,,t;410,020.4.st
0
,
,
:;.
g
.
.
4
1;:?if2.Stel.'n E;t1r2',?pe. a., :3 C 0 0
,
1.
2
f:;o1.11-a Amrica - ? . .. , F C .
4:
4'?
Total Other non.etnnuniet
1
2
:
3oviet Oxioi?L? ?:, ,.? ,,, ,... ? , . ,,,
,
:-??
Gernapy - , D ?,:. 0 ?F .b fj l) 0 4-5
.',,
'.t .
2
(AheY
;
41,83)
20006 A 30 2 200:46
g g
g 2
Total Ail :17,,xpor.Z.s :} 4- c' 4' 41 0 '. 795923 Z 2 k 536 t 821-,4(59
Intray,it.ma1
(Midal0 20.St ) .0 1, ,: ,..- ,. ,? 1....._ 54,?,Z..._...._..4. ...?.._., ..,&i. . . ..r...........6J.P9
Tt.iTacportse Na ,r 7\"st
2
C 745;299 s:971
-CONFIDENTIAfi,
76,270 -
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