WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01209A001000080001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 70
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 6, 1978
• Content Type: PERRPT

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Weekly Situation Report
on
International Terrorism
Secret
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6 December 1978
100
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Nriw"
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WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT
CONTENTS
Articles:
6 December 1978
Libyan Efforts to Alter Image as Supporter of Inter-
national Terrorism (Page 1)
Slavic Extremists: Conviction of Croats and Indictment
of Serbs (Page 2)
The "Zagreb Four"--Current Hard Information Limited to
Fingerprints (Page 4)
Salvadoran Terrorists Continue Kidnapings and Assaults
(Page 5)
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Note:
Ethiopian Rebels Continue to Hold American Pilot
(Page 9)
TAB A - Chronology of Significant International Terrorist
Acts
CHARTS:
Incidence of Significant International
Terrorist Acts as Listed in Weekly
Situation Reports - 1978
Significant International Terrorist
Incidents by Type - 1978
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6 December 1978
TAB B - Terrorist Threats and Plans
I. Western Hemisphere, Including United States
II. Europe
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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6 December 1978
ARTICLES
The following article was prepared by the National
Foreign Assessment Center
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Libyan Efforts to Alter Image as Supporter of International
Terrorism
The Libyan Government is making further efforts to
alter its image as a leading patron state supporter for
tprrnrism Libyan officials recently indicated
they were not sheltering the
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deported from Yugoslavia last month,
other countries from harboring them,
in searching for these
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four German terrorists
would seek to dissuade
and would cooperate
"disturbed persons".
These developments are consistent with 50X1-HUM
other signs over the past year or so that Libya has reduced
its direct involvement in international terrorism and support
for Islamic dissidents. Even if these moves are only tacti-
cal, President Qadhafi is at least reacting to, among other
factors, U.S. pressures, primarily in the form of trade
sanctions, as well as the military threat from Egypt, more
pragmatic counsel from his advisers, and his own disillusion-
ment with some of the groups he has been supporting. 50X1-HUM
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6 December 1978
Slavic Extremists: Conviction of Croats and Indictment of
Serbs
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411.1
On 1 December a U.S. District Court in Chicago acquitted
Croatian extremists Bozo Kelava and Mile Kodzomaa of kidnaping
and conspiracy charges levied against them for their 17
August takeover of the West German Consulate in Chicago.
The two defendants, however, were found guilty of the lesser
charge of imprisoning one of the West German diplomats; they
face a maximum sentence of lO years on the charge of imprison-
ing the German Vice Consul by using a deadly weapon during
the 10-hour siege last summer. The U.S. District Court is 50X1-HUM
expected to pass sentence in about six weeks.
The defense, according to press reports, asked the jury
not to judge the two men harshly, emphasizing that none of
the eight hostages had been hurt. Further, according to the
defense lawyers, Kelava and Kodzoman had acted only out of
concern for their compatriot, Stjepan Bilandzic, one of the
eight Croatian extremists whose extradition from Germany had
been requested by the Yugoslav Government in exchange for
the extradition to Germany of the four West German terrorist
suspects captured in Yugoslavia last May. Bilandzic, whose
extradition to Yugoslavia was viewed by Croatian exiles
worldwide as tantamount to a death sentence, was subsequently
freed by a Cologne court. 50X1-HUM
Also in Chicago, a day later, authorities disclosed
that five Serbian extremists have been indicted for allegedly
plotting to assassinate President Tito during a visit to
Washington in March. They are charged with conspiring to
kill the Yugoslav President with a bomb.
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The Serbian extremists are reportedly members of a militant
anti-Communist Serbian emigre organization known as "Sopo".
On 21 November, FBI agents arrested three in New York and on
22 November two in Chicago. The leader is reportedly Stojilko
Kajevic of Washington, D.C.; the other defendants are Rados
Stevlic of Wayne, Illinois; Bosko Radonjic of Manhattan;
Nikola Kav of Paterson, N.J.; and Nikola Zivovic of
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Chicago.
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6 December 1978
Press reports indicate that the Serbian extremists were
planning to bomb Yugoslav installations and Yugoslav-
sponsored gatherings during the last week of November.
Activities planned included a 25 November Saturday night
bombing during a reception at Yugoslav Hall in Chicago for
the Yugoslav Consulate, and the bombing of the Yugoslav
Consulate in Chicago on 29 November, Yugoslav Republic Day.
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As investigation of Serbian extremist activities con-
tinues, evidence may indicate that some bombings of Yugoslav
installations in the U.S., previously attributed to Croatian
extremists, have been committed by Serbian extremists. Each
group has a fanatical desire for the independence of its
homeland, and they share a violent antipathy to the Tito
regime. Similar interests, however, do not aieear to mitigate
their historic antagonism for each other. 50X1-HUM
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6 December 1978
The "Zagreb Four"--Current Hard information Limited to
Fingerprints
According to a German press release, Peter BooCk, one
of the West German terrorist suspects released by Y#goslavia
in mid-November, was directly involved in the kidnaping of
Hanns-Martin Schleyer in September 1977. A spokesman for
the Federal Ministry of the Interior has announced that
fingerprints secured in Yugoslavia provide "unequivocal
proof" of this. /
Meanwhile, the question of the whereabouts of the
"Zagreb Four" (Boock, Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Rolf Clemens
Wagner and Sieglinde Hoffmann) has turned into an inter-
national guessing game, sparked by a variety of conflicting
reports.
On 27 November, amid great furor in the German press on
the "Zagreb Four" release, the alleged reasons for the
Yugoslav decision to release rather than extradite were
included in an article in the West German weekly Der Spiegel.
According to this, opinion on the disposition of the ter-
rorists differed sharply between the Yugoslav Foreign and
Economic Ministries on one side and the Interior Ministry on
the other. The former group allegedly opposed the release
of the terrorists out of concern for Western reaction; the
opposing faction felt it was a question of Yugoslav national
sovereignty as well as a question of satisfying domestic
political pressures. Anton Kolendic, former chief of the
Yugoslav military mission in Berlin, reportedly told Spiegel
reporters: "We are not a satellite, either of Russia or
Germany. Our population would not have understood if we had
capitulated to the Germans."
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6 December 1978
Salvadoran Terrorists Continue Kidnapings and Assaults
Two British bank managers were kidnaped in downtown San
Salvador on 30 November. The two executives of the Bank of
London's San Salvador branch were captured around 1830
on 30 November near teir bank, one of the largest in El
Salvador.
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Meanwhile, the kidnapers of Frits Schuitema, manager of
the Salvadoran subsidiary of the Dutch-based firm Philips,
who was kidnaped by six terrorists on 24 November, have
admitted that they are part of the Armed Forces of National
Resistance (FARN). The kidnapers first identified themselves
as being members of the Marxist-Leninist Proletarian Guerrilla
Army (EGP/ML) (see the issue of 29 November). The attackers
sent a communique to Philips in which they demanded one
million U.S. dollars and the publication of a two-page
manifesto in 32 newspapers throughout the world. The mani-
festo attacks American and Western imperialism and several
Latin American governments and criticizes other leftist
groups within El Salvador (especially the Communist Party of
El Salvador). In response, Dutch, U.S., Japanese, Egyptian,
and European newspapers published the manifesto during early
December. The kidnapers had earlier demanded that Philips
distribute two million U.S. dollars worth of food to the
poor in El Salvador but subsequently changed their demands.
The Salvadoran Government has forbidden publication of the
communique within El Salvador despite threats from the
kidnapers that they will kill Schuitema if their demands are
not met.
Members of the Farabundo Marti Popular Liberation Front
(FPL) continued their campaign of attacks in El Salvador by
bombing the warehouses of the German firm "Bayer Quimicas
Unidas, S.A.", located in San Miguel, approximately 85 miles
from the capital. The explosion set off a fire which com-
pletely destroyed the buildings. The action took place
during the early morning hours, which probably accounts for
no injuries to personnel.
Another Salvadoran terrorist group, the People's Revolu
tionary Army (ERP), also placed a bomb in San Miguel which
caused no injuries but did cause material damage to the
headquarters of the ruling National Conciliation Party.
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6 December 1978
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The war is not one-sided, however, since Salvadoran
authorities scored what they termed "one of the greatest
victories of the president's antiguerrilla campaign" when
they killed Rafael Barrera Motto on 29 November. Police
officials said that Barrera, a priest, died during a shoot-
out in the capital that lasted four hours and resulted in
the deaths of two other FPL members. Police declared that
Barrera's home was being used as an FPL operations base in
San Salvador. Officials stated that Barrera, a parish
priest of the small district just outside San Salvador,
headed 32 FPL groups. The authorities attributed their
information to one of the rebels captured during the opera-
tion.
6
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NOTES
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6 December 1978
Ethiopian Rebels Continue to Hold American Pilot
Members of the Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF)
continue to hold the American helicopter pilot they kidnaped
on 1 November 50X1-HUM
TPLF spokesmen have announced that they are holding the
American to draw attention to the TPLF cause and to emphasize
the TPLF's need for relief and medical supplies and that
they will continue to hold the American as a "guest" until
the West recognizes the plight of the TPLF and does something
to help.
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the American is well and
safe and that the TPLF has made his well-being one of its
major concerns. 50X1-HUM
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INCIDENCE OF SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ACTS
AS LISTED IN WEEKLY SITUATION REPORTS ? 1978
MINIM TOTAL
U.S. TARGETS
JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
NOTE: THIS GRAPH DOES NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT ALL INCIDENTS RECORDED
IN TAB A DURING THE ABOVE PERIOD, AS INCIDENTS WHICH LATER PROVE NOT TO
HAVE SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL SCOPE ARE OMITTED FROM THE MONTHLY TOTAL.
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SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST INCIDENTS BY TYPE
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
- 1978
Nov Dec
Assassination
1
1
1
1
2
1
Hijacking
1
1
3
3
1
Kidnaping
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
Barricade & Hostage
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Armed Attack
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
Bombing
7
5
5
3
2
4
7
4
8
9
9
Attempted
Assassination
1
Arson
2
3
6
3
4
TOTAL
14
12
5
4
17
6
10
14
21
17
17
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6 December 1978
CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ACTS
Date:
Place:
Date:
Place:
25 November 1978
West Germany,
Frankfurt
25 November 1978
El Salvador,
San Marcos
U.S. Consulate Target for
Student Demonstrators in
West Germany
On 25 November several thou-
sand Iranian and German stu-
dents staged an anti-Shah
protest in Frankfurt. As
the protest continued the
U.S. Consulate became the
target for rocks and Molotov
cocktails which were thrown
by the demonstrators. No
injuries to U.S. personnel
were reported; however, Ger-
man police protecting the
Consulate were injured. There
was no damage to he Consulate
building. 50X1-HUM
Explosion at German Company's
Warehouse in El Salvador
On 25 November a bomb exploded
in the warehouse of the German
owned Bayer Company. The fa-
cility had been a storehouse
for insecticides and fertilizers.
No injuries were reported. The
Farabundo Marti Popular Libera-
tion Forces (FPL) claimed re-
sponsibility for the bombing
and resultant firp I
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Date:
30 November 1978
in
British Bankers Kidnaped
El Salvador
Place:
El Salvador,
On 30 November the British
San Salvador
manager and assistant manager
of the San Salvador Branch of
the Bank of London and South
America were kidnaped as they
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6 December 1978
Date: 30 November 1978
Place: Italy, Bologna
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left their office. As the
two bankers got into a chauf-
feur driven car several men,
one armed, ordered the chauf-
feur out of the vehicle and
then got in and drove off
with the victims. No group
has claimed responsibility
for the kidnaping. 50X1-HUM
Explosion at IBM Warehouse in
Italy
On 30 November a bomb detonated
outside a warehouse of the In-
ternational Business Machines
Company in Bologna. Damage to
the building was confined to
one wall and broken windows.
No injuries were reported. A
group calling itself the
Proleterian Squad claimed re-
sponsibility for the bombing.
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Date: 30 November 1978 Explosion of Pipe Bomb in
Residence of U.S. Military
Personnel in Iran
Place: Iran, Tehran On 30 November a pipe bomb was
thrown into the apartment of
a member of the U.S. military
in Tehran. The bomb detonated
causing property damage and
minor injuries to two of nine
persons in the room at the time
of the incident. 50X1-HUM
A-4
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50X1-HUM 6 December 1978
TERRORIST THREATS AND PLANS
Tab B includes all reasonably credible reports of planned
terrorist activity. I
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the threats listed are consid-
erea sufficiently plausible to warrant alertness and the use
of protective security measures. However, terrorist groups
often discuss general intentions or make tentative plans for
violent acts that they never succeed in carrying out. In
nearly all the cases listed, the intended target and appro-
priate governments have been informed of the threat.
** Indicates a new threat reported for the first time.
* Indicates a revision of a threat reported in previous issues.
No significant terrorist threats were reported during the
period 30 November - 6 December 1978 for the following areas:
I. Western Hemisphere
II. Europe
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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Distribution;
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Department of State
Director of Office for Combatting Terrorism (M/CT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Assistant Legal Adviser for Special Functional
Problems
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Security
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau of European Affairs
United States Mission to the United Nations, Legal Adviser
U.S. International Communications Agency
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Agency for International Development, AG/Sec
Department of Defense
Deputy Director for International Negotiations
and Arms Control International Security Affairs
Office of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (AE)
Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, SAGA/PMD
Defense Intelligence Agency
RSS-1
DIN 2D2
Defense Nuclear Agency, OATA/PAAD/3
Department of the Army, IOSD
Commandant, USAIMA, CTD Data Bank
Air Force, Office of Special Investigations
USAF Special Operations School (TAC)
USAF Readiness Command
Naval Investigative Service
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Department of Justice
Office of the Deputy Attorney General
Emergency Programs Center
Criminal Division
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Investigative
Division
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Department of the Treasury
Office of Intelligence Support
Office of Law Enforcement
U.S. Secret Service, Office of Protective Forces
U.S. Customs Service, Office of Enforcement Support
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National Security Council
National Security Council Staff
Office of Management and Budget, International Affairs Branch
Department of Commerce
Office of Investigations and Security
Office of Administrative Support, DIBA
National Security Agency, C54-CDB
Department of Energy
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Security
Central Intelligence Agency
International Activities Division, Terrorist Group
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Secret
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Weekly Situation Report
on
International Terrorism
13 December 1978
Secret
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WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT
CONTENTS
Articles:
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13 December 1978
Iran: Anti-American Violence in the 1970s (Page 3)
Turkish Terrorism: Foreign Interests Targeting
(Page 8)
Note:
Armed Forces of National Resistance Claims Credit for
Kidnaping British Bankers (Page 11)
TAB A - Chronology of Significant International Terrorist Acts
TAB B - Terrorist Threats and Plans
I. Western Hemisphere, Including United States
II. Europe
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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13 December 1978
The following article was prepared by the U.S. Air
Force Office of Special investigations.
Iran: Anti-American Violence in the 1970s
During the decade of the 1970s Americans in Iran have
been the targets of varying degrees of violence. Beginning
In 1970, there was a concerted campaign by leftists against
U.S. business interests in Iran. This campaign was primarily
expressed via extensive propaganda activity and minor
demonstrations, such as the 20 May 1970 attack on the Iran- 50X1-HUM
America Society in Tehran by a group of about 30 students
protesting an American investors conferencp
Beginning in 1971, terrorism and insurgency in Iran
took a serious turn with the well-organized assault on the
Siah Kal Gendarmerie Station by members of a group of about
150 guerrillas, who succeeded in overrunning the station.
This attack, on 8 February 1971, has become one of the major
anniversary dates commemorated by Iranian terrorists.
Members of the same group then began a campaign of assassina-
tions and bombings against Iranian officials. American
interests were targeted on 5 May 1971, when there was a
bombing of the Iran-America Society in Tehran causing consider-
able damage, but no injuries. While attacks against Iranian
targets continued throughout 1971, there were no further
a;tacks on U.S. facilities or personnel until 30 November
1971, the first anniversary of the attempted kidnaping of
the U.S. Ambassador. In this incident, a USAF vehicle in 50X1-HUM
Shir wsdstoedb aTTbomb.
1972 began with a series of bombing attacks against
U.S. targets. On 17 January 1972, there were two bombs
thrown into the grounds of the U.S. Embassy as well as
bombings of the Iran-America Society and Peace Corps offices
later the same night. Damage was light and there were no
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13 December 1978
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injuries. Following the announcement that President Nixon
would visit Iran, there were a number of bombings of U.S.
facilities, including a 16 May 1972 attack on the U.S. Trade
Exhibit in Tehran, which resulted in the death of one Iranian.
On 31 May 1972, there were at least seven separate bombings
related to the visit of President Nixon. This represented
the most extensive series of attacks against U.S. targets
and demonstrated the terrorists' capabilities to carry out a
major operation. In the most serious attack, a USAF general
and his driver were critically injured, and two Iranian
bystanders killed, when a command-detonated bomb was set off
as the general's car passed by. In the other attacks, two
U.S. military vehicles were destroyed, and several U.S.
offices were damaged. There was a bombing of the Iran-
America Society in Shiraz on 9 August 1972 which caused
considerable damage. During December 1972, there was an
unsuccessful attempt to deliver an unsolicited package to
the residence of a U.S. Army officer in Tehran, a tactic
which had been previously used to deliver bombs to Iraniar
50X1-HUM
officials.
In January 1973, there was a bombing attack on the Pan
American Airlines office in Tehran and a bombing of the
hotel used by MAC transit aircrews. A U.S. company plant
was bombed in Nimiatabad on 25 January. There were no
injuries in either instance. On 1 February 1973, there was
another unsuccessful attempt to deliver an unsolicited
package to a U.S. residence in Tehran. Attacks on Iranian
targets continued, but there was a hiatus in attacks on
Americans until 2 June 1973. On that date, which was the
anniversary of a violent protest against the Shah in West
Berlin in 1967, a U.S. Army lieutenant colonel was shot and
killed in Tehran. During the next several weeks, there was
a series af threats against Americans and several reports of
possible surveillances of Americans in Tehran. However,
there were no further attacks on Americans in Iran in -9750x1-HUM
1974 saw continued bombing attacks on U.S. targets. On
24 April 1974, a USAF NCO's private automobile was destroyed
by a bomb in Tehran. In May, three U.S. businesses were
bombed in Tehran and in October, three more U.S. business
offices were bombed. An Iranian nightwatchman died in one
of the May bombings. There were also several stoning incidents
at the Iran-America Society in Tehran. 50X1-HUM
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13 December 1978
During early 1975, there was a series of assassinations
of high-ranking Iranian officials. There were no attacks on
U.S. targets until the 21 May murders of two USAF officers.
In this incident, the staff car carrying the officers was
stopped by armed terrorists who shot and killed the two
officers and left a briefcase bomb in the vehicle. In the
wake of the murders of the USAF officers, there were several
reports of possible surveillance of other military personnel
in Tehran. There were also unsuccessful attempts to deliver
unsolicited packages. On 15 June 1975, there was a bombing
of the Tran-America Society in Mahad, which resulted in
minor damage. The next anti-American incident was the 3
July murder of an Iranian employee of the U.S. Consulate in
Tehran. It was later determined that the intended target
was a U.S. consular official who normally rode in the same
vehicle. Reports of possible surveillances continued during
the summer and fall, but there were no further attacks on
Americans during 1975.
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50X1-HUM
1976 began with a number of successful raids on terrorist
safehouses by Iranian authorities. A number of high-ranking
terrorists were killed or captured in these attacks. In
stop and search operations in Tehran and other cities,
authorities also captured a number of terrorists; interroga-
tion of these terrorists occasionally led to raids on addition-
al terrorist safehouses. Many important leaders of the
terrorists were killed in these raids. On 28 August 1976,
three U.S. civilians were murdered by terrorists while en
route to their office at Doshen Tappeh Air Base in Tehran.
The vehicle had apparently been under surveillance for some
time prior to the attack. This was the only anti-American
attack in 1976, but there were also many reports by other
Americans of possible surveillances in 1976. 50X1-HUM
During 1977, there were only two minor incidents of
violence directed against American targets. On 1 June 1977,
a contractor's vehicle was struck by a bullet in Tehran.
There were no injuries, and no determination as to the
reason for the incident. On 28 December 1977, the Iran-
America Society in Tehran was bombed in protest against the
visit of President Carter. Threats against Americans and
reports of possible surveillances were also received through-
out the year.
Niro,
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13 December 1978
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The period 1970-77 saw six Americans murdered in three
separate attacks, one aborted kidnap attempt, twenty-five
bombings, and one minor shooting incident. The Iranian
People's Strugglers, a coalition of radical Moslem and
Marxist elements, was responsible for all the murders and
most of the attributable bombings. The second major terrorist
group, the People's Sacrifice Guerrillas, concentrated its
efforts on Iranian targets, but did claim responsibility for
he 28 December 1977 bombing of the Iran-America Society.
50X1-HUM
Beginning in early 1978, there was a radical increase in
political violence in Iran. Riots in Qom in January 1978
and in Tabriz in February 1978 represented a level of political
unrest not seen since the early 1960s. Rioters attacked
banks, restaurants, and businesses, especially those represent-
ing western influence. Some U.S. firms, such as Pepsi Cola,
were among those attacked by demonstrators. Threatening
letters, bomb threats and the painting of anti-American
slogans on cars became relatively common occurrences in
early 1978. As the violence grew in intensity, there were
occasional attacks on U.S. targets, including a pipebomb
attack on the U.S. Consulate in Isfahan on 1 August 1978,
burning of a vehicle belonging to a DoD contractor in Isfahan
on 3 August 1978 and the attack by a mob on the Shiraz Iran-
America Society on 8 August 1978. Martial law was declared
in Isfahan on 11 August 1978, temporarily reducing the level
of violence there. In Tehran on 13 August 1978 the bombing
of a restaurant frequented by foreigners left two Americans
injured. The worst single incident of the violence to date
was the 19 August 1978 fire at an Abadan theater which left
377 dead. Banks, theaters, and restaurants, especially those
frequented by westerners, had become frequent targets of
bombs and fire attacks. 50X1-HUM
On 6 September 1978, two buses transporting British
workers in Tehran were the targets of a plpebomb attack.
There were no injuries. Martial law was declared in the
major cities of Iran on 8 September 1978. The next attack
on a U.S. target was the 14 September pipebomb and firebomb
attack on a U.S. company's facilities in [sfahan. During
the period 1 September-30 November 1978 there were 6 bombing
attacks on U.S. facilities, 21 vehicle burnings, 5 firebomb
attacks on residences, and one stoning incident which resulted
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13 December 1978
in an injury to a U.S. national. Representative of the
incidents were the 11 October 1978 pipebombing of a contrac-
tor work bus in Isfahan with three injuries, the burning of
a USAF officer's vehicle in Tehran on 1 November 1978, and
the pipebombing of a U.S. Army NCO's residence in Tehran on
30 November 1978, with two injuries. 50X1-HUM
? There has been an increase in attacks on U.S. personnel
in Iran, especially in Tehran and Isfahan, in 1978. November
saw a significant increase in such attacks, and there appears
to be a probability of such attacks continuing or increasing
in the near future. In addition to these more violent
tactics, there has also been an increase in stoning incidents,
harassing telephone calls, and threat letters. The specific
perpetrators of these attacks are unknown, but they do not
appear to be members of either of the two major terrorist
groups. Religious dissidents and student elements appear to
be responsible for the violence. While lacking in sophistica-
tion, it also appears that these dissidents may be capable
of acts of indiscriminate violence, the Abadan theater fire
being an example. There is no indication that acts intended
to cause fatalities have been planned against U.S. targets--
indeed, most attacks have used very small explosive devices
or have been against unoccupied vehicles or facilities.
With increased anti-government activity a likelihood, however,
more violent attacks on U.S. targets may be considered by
the dissidents. Terrorist elements have also been reported
to be possibly planning to resume attacks on U.S. targets in
the near future. If so, such attacks would probably involve
tactics similar to those used in the 1975 and 1976 assassina-
tions. 50X1-HUM
In summary, 1978 has seen a level of violence well
above that of the previous seven years, but of a rather
different nature. There have been no murders or even serious
injuries, but the violence has become more wide spread. It
appears to be a minor ingredient of a far larger political
problem in Iran. There is no indication that U.S. military
personnel have been systematically singled out for attack in
the current campaign of violence; most attacks have been
against U.S. contractor personnel who constitute a far
larger element of the U.S. community in Iran. The violence
against Americans will undoubtedly continue and may increase
in frequency and seriousness. 50X1-HUM
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13 December 1978
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The following article was prepared by the U.S. Air
Force Office of Special Investigations
Turkish Terrorism: Foreign Interests Targetiu
Political violence continues to be a major problem for
the Turkish Government. During the first ten months of
1978, the tendency for various leftist and rightist political
factions to turn to violence was on the upswing. These
factions, many of which were not previously thought to be
extremist, have increasingly resorted to calculated acts of
terrorism to express more selectively their political views.
From 1 January 1978 to 15 October 1978 there were over 475
deaths attributed to political violence, a marked increase
over the 321 deaths in 1977. Thus far this year there have
been nearly 3,000 injuries, over 12,000 arrests and over 850
bombings. This latter figure contrasts with the 783 bombings
in 1977. The vast majority of the targets fox these acts of
violence were rival political groups or Turkish Government
facilities/personnel and police. While only a very small
percentage of the terrorist incidents affected other than
Turkish targets (less than 3 percent), the number of oper-
ations directed against foreign interests in Turkey ranks
among the highest in any country.
Of the 30 terrorist incidents targeting foreign interests
in Turkey from January through October 1978, 24 directly or
indirectly affected those of the United States: DoD, 11;
U.S. State Department, five; U.S. businesses, three; the
Turkish American Association, two; and one each for the U.S.
Information Service (USIS), the U.S. International Communi-
cations Agency (USICA), and an American tourist. In addition,
the following countries also had interests affected by
Turkish terrorism during this time; Iran (two Iran Air
Offices), Egypt (a consulate), Israel (a consulate), France
(a cultural center), Soviet Union (a trade mission hit by
mistake), and Holland (a tourist). Finally, a NATO Rod and
Gun Club was also a target. The majority of the anti-
American attacks has been attributed to operations of splinter
elements of the Turkish People's Liberation Party/Front.
The terrorist incidents affecting foreign interests
occurred in six different Turkish cities. There were 11
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13 December 1978
incidents in Ankara; eight in Istanbul; four each in Izmir
and Adana; two in Atas; and one in Bostanci. Chronologically,
seven incidents occurred in January, five in February, one
each in March and April, three in May, two in June, three in
July, two in September and six in October. Operationally
the attacks were relatively unsophisticated. They consisted
of 14 bombin s five gunfire attacks, three robberies and
two arsons. 50X1-HUM
Major incidents include the 25 January attack on a USAF
vehicle in which a USAF member and Turkish driver were
wounded by gunfire. On 27 January the strafing of a USAF
building and eight vehicles parked nearby (injuries or
deaths were avoided when several people dived for cover)
occurred in Ankara. On 17 February a bomb was discovered
and defused at a Turkish American Association building in
Izmir. The bomb had been set to explode while the building
was crowded with 800 people taking English language lessons.
On 25 February the USSR trade mission in Ankara was strafed
by mistake. It appears the intended target had been the
U.S. Embassy. On 30 May the U.S. Consulate was strafed in
Adana. The next day a USAF transient family quarters in
Ankara was bombed. There were no injuries. A pair of
possibly terrorist-related robberies occurred near Ankara
Air Station on 15 June and 25 July. In the first incident a
U.S. State Department official driving with two young boys
was stopped and robbed by a group of Turks. The second
incident occurred when two USAF members also had their
vehicle stopped and were subsequently robbed and roughed up.
The bombings of the Egyptian, Israeli and American Consulates
on 30 September-1 October were probably in response to the
Camp David negotiations, but it is not known who or which
group was involved in the bombings. A bomb set off near a
museum popular with tourists in Istanbul wounded an American
and Dutch tourist. This incident illustrates the problem
the high level of political violence in Turkey poses. It is
possible that a person other than an intended target may be
injured or killed simply by being in the wrong place at the
wrong time. On 25 October in Izmir, the gate area of a USAF
facility was strafed and a NATO Rod and Gun Club was robbed
of eight shotguns and 200 rounds of ammunition. 50:0-HUM
With the incidence of outright terrorist acts remaining
at such a high level, the probability of more foreign-
targeted operations occurring must be considered good.
American interests will correspondingly remain a primary
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13 December 1978
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attraction. In addition, innocent bystanders, foreign as
well as Turkish, will continue to be in danger of becoming
unintended casualties of indigenous terrorists.
Terrorist Acts During 1978 Affecting Foreign Interests in
Turkey
8
21
22
22
22
25
January
January
January
January
January
January
27 January
16 February
17 February
19
23
25
30
2
5
30
31
15
February
February
February
March
April
May
May
May
June
15 June
14 July
21 July
25 July
30 September
30 September
1 October
1 October
15
15
20
25
10
October
October
October
October
USAF truck bombed in Istanbul
Iran Air office bombed in Istanbul
Turkish American Association building bombed
in Ankara
French Cultural Center bombed in Ankara
Iran Air office bombed in Ankara
USAF vehicle and occupants hit by gunfire in
Izmir (two wounded)
USAF facility and eight vehicles hit by gun-
fire in Ankara
USIS office bombed in Ankara
Turkish American Association building bomb
defused in Izmir
USAF member's POV bombed in Adana
USAF vehicle fired on in Ankara
USSR trade mission hit by gunfire intended
for U.S. Embassy in Ankara
POV of USAF civilian employee bombed in Adana
USAF vehicle burned in Bostanci
U.S. International Communications Agency Office
bombed in Ankara
U.S. Consulate strafed in Adana
USAF transient family quarters bombed in Ankara
U.S. State Department official robbed (possi-
ble attempted kidnap involved) in Ankara
POV of U.S. military member bombed in Adana
Mobil Oil Refinery bombed in Atas
Mobil Oil Refinery bombing fails in Atas
Two USAF members robbed near Ankara Air Station
Egyptian Consulate bombed in Istanbul
Israeli Consulate bombed in Istanbul
U.S. Consulate bombed in Istanbul
Bus stop bombed in Istanbul (U.S. and Dutch
tourist wounded)
Gate area of USAF facility strafed in Izmir
NATO Rod and Gun Club robbed of eight shotguns
in Izmir
Pan Am office bombed in Istanbul
U.S. Consulate vehicle stopped set afire-
occupants robbed in Istanbul 50X1-HUM
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NOTE
13 December 1978
Armed Forces of National Resistance Claims Credit for
Kidnaping British Bankers
The Armed Forces of National Resistance (FARN), a
Salvadoran group, has publicly claimed credit for the 30
November kidnaping in San Salvador of two British banking
officials. The group claimed credit via a communique which
was quoted by local Salvadoran press on 4 December. The
communique stated that both victims, Ian Massie and Michael
Chatterton, were in good health but warned security forces
that if they came too close the FARN would not be respon-
sible for the victims' lives.
The communique also contained the first demand for the
release of the hostages--the release of El Salvador's
political prisoners. Similar demands have been made in the
negotiations for the release of Takakazu Suzuki, a Japanese
businessman kidnaped on 7 December.
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13 December 1978
CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL- TERRORIST- ACTS
Date:
6 December 1978
Place: United States,
New York
Date:
Place:
Date:
Place:
. . _
6 December 1978
Switzerland, Geneva
7 December 1978
El Salvador,
San Salvador
Egyptian UN Mission Counselor's
Car Firebombed in New York
On 6 December a car belonging
to a member of the Egyptian UN
Mission was the target of a
firebomb. The vehicle, parked
in front of his residence at
the time, was heavily damaged.
No injuries were reported. An
anonymous caller to the press
claimed the New Jewish Defense
League was responsible for the
bombing. Authorities are in-
vestigating this and other
recent incidents against
tian interests in the U.S.
Explosion at the Turkish
Consulate in Switzerland
On-6?December a timebomb
which had been placed at
the front entrance of the
Turkish Consulate in Geneva
exploded. Windows were
broken and the elevator
was damaged; no injuries
were reported. The local
police are investigating.
No group has claimed re-
sponsibility. 50X1-HUM
Japane-se BusineSSman -Kidnaped
In El Salvador
On 7 December a Japanese execu-
tive of the Synthetics Industry
of Central America (INSINCA),
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representing the Japanese firm
Tore textile, was kidnaped in
El Salvador. The kidnapers
blocked the executive's car
front and rear and then drove
off with him- The Armed Forces
of National Resistance (FARN)
has issued demands for money,
release of political prisoners
and publication of its mani-
festo in return for the release
of the executive.
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13 December 1978
TERRORIST THREATS AND PLANS
Tab B includes all reasonably credible reports of
_planned terrorist activity.
the threats listed
are considered sufficiently plausible to warrant alertness
and the use of protective security measures. However,
terrorist groups often discuss general intentions or make
tentative plans for violent acts that they never succeed in
carrying out. In nearly all the cases listed, the intended
target and appropriate governments have been informed of the
threat.
No significant terrorist threats were reported during
the period 7-13 December 1978 for the following areas:
I. Western Hemisphere
II. Europe
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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TAB C?Potential Terrorist
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cFrRFT
Distribution:
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Department of State
Director of Office for Combatting Terrorism (M/CT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Assistant Legal Adviser for Special Functional
Problems
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Security
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau of European Affairs
United States Mission to the United Nations, Legal Adviser
U.S. International Communications Agency
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Agency for International Development, AG/Sec
Department of Defense
Deputy Director for International Negotiations
and Arms Control International Security Affairs
Office of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (AE)
Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, SAGA/PMD
Defense Intelligence Agency
RSS-1
DIN 2D2
Defense Nuclear Agency, OATA/PAAD/3
Department of the Army, IOSD
Commandant, USAIMA, CTD Data Bank
Air Force, Office of Special Investigations
USAF Special Operations School (TAC)
USAF Readiness Command
Naval Investigative Service
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Department of Justice
Office of the Deputy Attorney General
Emergency Programs Center
Criminal Division
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Investigative
Division
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Department of the Treasury
Office of Intelligence Support
Office of Law Enforcement
U.S. Secret Service, Office of Protective Forces
U.S. Customs Service, Office of Enforcement Support
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National Security Council
National Security Council Staff
Office of Management and Budget, International Affairs Branch
Department of Commerce
Office of Ihvestigations and Security
Office of Administrative Support, DIBA
National Security Agency, C54-CDB
Department of Energy
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Security
Central Intelligence Agency
International Activities Division, Terrorist Group
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Weekly Situation Report
on
International Terrorism
Secret 50X1 -HUM
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20 December 1978
?.Th
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'Awe
WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT
CONTENTS
Articles:
20 December 1978
50X1 -HUM
Current Developments
(Page 1)
in Salvadoran Kidnapings
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Trial of RAF Members
Smuggling by Lawyers
Surfaces Charges
(Page 5)
of Weapons
Japanese Establish Special Committee to Oversee
Security at Summit Conference (Page 6)
Notes:
Five Americans Injured When a Bomb Exploded on
a Jerusalem Bus (Page 11)
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TAB A - Chronology of Significant International Terrorist Acts
TAB B - Terrorist Threats and Plans
I. Western Hemisphere, Including United States
II. Europe
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20 December 1978
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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NOTICE
The Weekly Situation Report on International
Terrorism will not be published during the week of
25-29 December 1978.
Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!
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20 December 1978
ARTICLES
Current Developments in Salvadoran Kidnuings
Salvadoran terrorists continue to hold four foreign
businessmen whom they kidnaped in three separate incidents
since late November. Although negotiations are continuing
between the kidnapers and representatives of the victims'
firms, the demands, among which are the release of political
prisoners, publications of propaganda, and the payment of
large sums of money, have only been partially satisfied. In
the case of Takakazu Suzuki, the most recent kidnap victim,
one demand--the settlement of the labor dispute between
Suzuki's company and the local labor union--has been met.
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Meanwhile, Salvadoran President Romero has reiterated
the official Salvadoran Government position that no political
prisoners are being held, a position which makes the demand
for the release of political prisoners impossible to meet.
Romero maintains that the prisoners whom the terrorists con-
sider political prisoners were arrested for "transgressions"
under Salvadoran law and that they will be tried in Salvadoran
courts. Romero has also reiterated the "unshakeable" deter-
mination of the government not to negotiate with terrorist
groups. 50X1-HUM
These recent kidnapings within the short span of 13
days and the apparent inability of the Salvadoran Government
to prevent them have given rise to further exodus of foreign
businessmen from El Salvador. Leaders of several foreign
firms have either begun to plan their evacuation from, or
have already left, the country. Toray Industries, for
example, the home office for the Japanese-Salvadoran firm of
which Takakazu Suzuki was general manager, has ordered its
Japanese employees to leave the country as a security measure.
Most of the latter had left as of 15 December. 50X1-HUM
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20 December 1978
Trial of RAF Members Surfaces Charges of Weapons Smuggling
by Lawyers
The recently completed trial in Stuttgart of two West
German Red Army Faction (RAF) members surfaced specific
charges concerning the provision of weapons which enabled
imprisoned RAF leaders Baader, Ensslin and Raspe in Stammheim/
Stuttgart prison to commit suicide within hours after the
PFLP-mounted support operation to free them had failed
(Mogadiscio, 18 October 1977). The brief trial, which ended
on 14 December, involved RAF members Hans-Joachim Dellwo and
Volker Speitel; they were sentenced to two years and three
years and two months, respectively, for having supported a
terrorist organization. Speitel was also charged with
having joined in the surveillance of the German Embassy in
Stockholm; he did not participate in the attack (April 1975)
because he refused to be party to the possible shooting of
hostages. 50X1-HUM
At the end of 1975 Speitel had joined the law firm of
Klaus Croissant, a former RAF lawyer who is also currently
on trial; Dellwo joined the firm in May 1977 and both
became RAF couriers. In this capacity, according to their
confessions, they participated in contacts between Croissant's
office and the underground and imprisoned RAF terrorists.
According to their testimony, the weapons, ammunition and
explosives destined for the jailed RAF leaders (Andre
Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Jan-Carl Raspe and member Irmgard
Moeller--whose suicide attempt with a bread knife misfired)
were hidden in the woods near Stuttgart, from which Newerla
and Mueller, two other RAF lawyers now in pre-trial confine-
ment, later smuggled the materiel into Stammheim in their
briefcases.
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The confessions and testimony of Speitel and Dellwo
were admitted by the court as mitigating factors in the
trial, according to West German press reports. The statements
are significant because they substantiate previous charges
by West German Federal Prosecutor Rebmann that the weapons
used by Baader, Ensslin and Raspe were smuggled into Stammheim
by defense lawyers and further confirmed the conclusion of
court physicians and independent experts that the three had
actually committed suicide and had not been murdered, as RAF
sympathizers had vociferously charged.
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20 December 1978
Japanese Establish Special Committee to Oversee Security at
Summit Conference
In late November, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Depart-
ment (TMPD) decided to establish the Tokyo Summit Security
Countermeasures Committee (TSSCC) to provide security for
the world leaders who will attend the Tokyo Summit Conference
to be held in June 1979. The heads of state of the United
States, Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada, Australia and
Japan are scheduled to attend the two day conference.
As it will be the first time in the history of the 50X1-HUM
nation for seven heads of state to meet together in Japan,
the TMPD is establishing a security force of the largest
scale. The TSSCC is expected to come up with stringent
security measures to safeguard the visitors from attempts by
radical leftists, including the Japanese Red Army (JRA), to
foil the conference. 50X1-HUM
6
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20 December 1978
NOTES
Five Americans Injured When a Bomb Exploded on a Jerusalem
Bus
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On 17 December a bomb exploded in the back of a bus on
a scheduled route through Jerusalem. Among the more than 20
persons injured were five Americans. The injured were taken
to local hospitals where they received treatment and were
released. Most of the passengers had gotten off the bus at
the stop just before the explosion occurred. In addition to
the damage to the bus, several houses in the vicinity were
also damaged. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
claimed responsibility for the incident which it said was
planned to mark the day set as a deadline for an Israeli-
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Egyptian peace treaty.
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20 December 1978
CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ACTS
Date: 17 December 1978 Bomb Explosion on Bus in
Israel
Place: Israel, Jerusalem On 17 December a bomb exploded
on a bus as it traveled a route
through Jerusalem. More than 20
people were injured including
five U.S. citizens. All the
injured were treated at the
local hospital and released.
In addition to damage to the
bus several houses in the
vicinity where the explosion
occurred were slightly damaged.
The PLO claimed responsibility
for the incident.
Date: 17 December 1978 Turkish Airline Office Bombed
in Switzerland
Place: Switzerland, Geneva On 17 December an explosion at
the Turkish airline office in
Geneva shattered the windows
of the building where the of-
fice is located. No injuries
were reported. In a phone
call to the AFP office an
Armenian organization claimed
responsibility for the inci-
dent.
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20 December 1978
TERRORIST THREATS AND PLANS?
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Tab B includes all reasonably credible reports of planned
terrorist activity.
the threats listed are consid-
ered sufficiently plausible to warrant alertness and the use
of protective security measures. However, terrorist groups
often discuss general intentions or make tentative plans for
violent acts that they never succeed in carrying out. In
nearly all the cases listed, the intended target and appro-
priate governments have been informed of the threat.
** Indicates a new threat reported for the first time.
* Indicates a revision of a threat reported in previous issues.
No significant terrorist threats were reported during the
period 14-20 December 1978 for the following areas:
I. Western Hemisphere
II. Europe
III. Middle East
IV. Africa
V. Far East
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Distribution;
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Department of State
Director of Office for Combatting Terrorism (M/CT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Assistant Legal Adviser for Special Functional
Problems
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Security
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau of European Affairs
United States Mission to the United Nations, Legal Adviser
U.S. International Communications Agency
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Agency for International Development, AG/Sec
Department of Defense
Deputy Director for International Negotiations
and Arms Control International Security Affairs
Office of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (AE)
Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, SAGA/PMD
Defense Intelligence Agency
RSS-1
DIN 2D2
Defense Nuclear Agency, OATA/PAAD/3
Department of the Army, IOSD
Commandant, USAIMA, CTD Data Bank
Air Force, Office of Special Investigations
USAF Special Operations School (TAC)
USAF Readiness Command
Naval Investigative Service
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Department of Justice
Office of the Deputy Attorney General
Emergency Programs Center
Criminal Division
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Investigative
Division
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Department of the Treasury
Office of Intelligence Support
Office of Law Enforcement
U.S. Secret Service, Office of Protective Forces
U.S. Customs Service, Office of Enforcement Support
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National Security Council
National Security Council Staff
Office of Management and Budget, International Affairs Branch
Department of Commerce
Office of Ihvestigations and Security
Office of Administrative Support, DIBA
National Security Agency, C54-CDB
Department of Energy
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Security
Central Intelligence Agency
International Activities Division, Terrorist Group
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