POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY MURMANSKAYA OBLAST NO. 111

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 86
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 10, 2014
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: March 31, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
POLITICAL:AND POPUL:T:ION SURVEY
? MURMANSK:A-1"A OBLAST
Prepared by Air Research. Dnn.ston,
brary of Congress ?
Washington 25, D C.
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POLITICAL. AND P?OPULATION SURVEY ? ?
? LOGATION OF
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SECRE .
. .? ? : ?
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Political. and 'Population Survey*
? No:'.111 ? .
MURMA.NSKAIA. OBLAST..
??
Prepared by.
: ? '
Air Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D. C.
31 March 1959 ?
SECRE T.
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.SECWET ??
? . ? .
:
N0TICE ?
, ?
1.? The estimates appearing ip this study. result; ?
from an accelerated survey of aviilable data.. ?.'
? All figures are the best ,passible estimates ..?
? to be derived from accessible information. ? ?
2.. Population estimates as of 1 :January 1959;
administrative-territorial boundaries as or
30 SepteMber 15.058. ? ?
?
??
;
? ? S...E C RET
?
? . 50X1-HUN/1
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? SER
,
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. .
? Political and Population STArifeir
MtiRMANSKAY.A.OBLXST. .
No. ? ?
s
.? ? .
Table of Contents. ? *. ? -E2E2
? .Statistics 1.
. ? ?
??
.I. Governmdnt ContrOls . . 6 ? 1
. ?
A. General ...., . v... . .1:
':
B. Control Force .. 3.
,
. . . . .
1.: General ? ?
. ? . 3
.
? 2. Communist. Party and .
Komsomol ? P4 .5 ?
.
.3. Military .?. ? ,:?7 :.
4. Government ? r 17 .
. ??
.. II. Population, Ethnic Composition, ahd Labor Force,?
20
,
. %
III. Psychologidal and Sociologidal Factots. ? 30 ? ?
, .?
A. Political and Social Tensions
,
? :
B. Civil Defense : .132 ?
C. Medical Facilities. 35 ? ? ? .
..? ? . -
.? ??
D. Educational and Cultural Facilities ? 3*T *
Socio -Economic Factors 4 P Ill:
A; Housing -14
B. Food Supplies.. ..43
C. Transportation and Telecommbnications
1. General 145
2. Rail 45
3, Water 49
4. Road
S. Air 5/1:
6. Telecommunications 54 .
D. Utilities 56
E. Economic Characteristics 66.
V. Gazetteer of Urban Areas 68
SECRET
?
.-1
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SE d1/ E ?
? ? ? :
? Tables ?
? *:
Page ?
.
?
.
.? ?
I.
IV.
Estimated Oblast?Contrl Force: 1959
.Estimated Composition of Armed Forces' and Military
Control Force in Murmanskaya Oblast
0.ther Nav.al Aotivities in Murmanskaya Oblast
Targeted Airfields and Seaplane Stations
5
8 ?
11 ? ?
in Murmanskaya Oblast
14
V.
Summary of Demographic Characteristics:
,
Murmanskaya Oblast: 1959
20
?
Population Changes, Murmanskaya Oblast: 1926-1959
21
?
VII.
Population of the City of Murmansk: 1926-1959
22
. ?
VIII.
Estimated Age and Sex Composition: 1959
23
IX.
Estimated Population by Administrative-Territorial
?
Division:. 1959
25
X.
Estimated Labor Force: '1959....
26
.
..XI.
Estimated *Civilian Categories of Employment: 1959
26
XII.
Estimated Distribution of Workers and Employees:
1959
27
XIII.
Estimated Distribution of Workers and Employees
.by Sector of Employment: 1959
28
XIV.
Estimated Percentage of Women of Total Number of
Workers and Employees by Sector of Employment:
1959.:
29
*.XV.
Percentage Distribution of Industrial?Workers by
Branch 'of Industry: 1950-1955 30
XVI. Medical Personnel and Facilities: January i956 35
XVII. Distribution of Medical Personnel and Facilities in
? Murmanskaya Oblast: January 1956.. ?36
. XVIII. Number of Primary, Seven Year, and Ten Year Schools,
Students, and Tcaclryrs: 1956-57 ,, 38
XIX. Distribution of Students, Grades 1-10 Between 1940-41 ?
and 1956-57 ? ? 39
XX. NUmber of Students in Schools fpr Working Youth
and Schools for Adults: 1956-57 ? 39
SE GR,E'T ?
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. ii.bir; icarelstia3hi; A*SC:R: *on. its. karmation as a separate. oblast on.
. ? ? ... ? .
. .. .. May. 281 1938,. its siz s was increased by he addition. of Kanda/akshskiy.
? ??? ? ?
0 . ,
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Rwoja:(inerly part of t?i KaKelskaya ASSii). ? ? ?
.. ? ? . ? . ? . ?
. ....
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. .
? ? ? 10. ? ? . ? ? ?
? ? .
?
??
? ?
? scivate.miles.of: hnnish territory (the pietent-day Pechengskiy Rayon)
? ? .
. ? . ? ? . ?
: ? ? ??? ? ? . ?
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? ? ? ?
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? ? ? . ? ? , ?
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mles .of.forme. Firrini0h territory.
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? ? ?
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.. ? M'ay?3;9?57 trie oblast:Comprised part of the old Northwest
? ?
?? ? ?
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. 'Evindmic Region, which also included leningradskaya, Novgorodskaya,
?? ?? ? ? ?
Then; in 1955, 2,240 square
were trantferred.from Karelskaya
?
? ? .
Pskditskaya and'. Kalitgiedlkaya Oblast; and?karelskaya ASS% Although
next to%Kareleicaya 'ASkit.i's the largest of the 'adrninistrative
? . . .. ?
. ? ? ?? ?
Ciiiisionk,ct theformer' N.crthwes.t E9oriamic Region, it has the smallest
? .
? ? .
popaliti.ongnA .sparsest densit ct the group. The oblast is unique
,
? ????
? , ? ? .: .
: in baying the'Mhisi lo^ i'egipe of 141panization (91.5 per cent) in the
. ? ? ?
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USSR. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? ? ? .
? ? ?.? ? ? ?? ? ? . ?
: ? ?? , ?? ? ?
?
... ? ? ..? ?Murnan$kaya'?Ohlast.i0 a national: economic significance for
? ? . :.??
??? ?
. ? ?
???
.1.
. . ?
. ?
???
? ?
? its fishing and Enj.nipi ?kndudt.rieS. Its. fish 'Catch comprises between
? . ? ???
.o4e,fOurth.t?oeoneLthli.d 92 :ale' total .pssR catch, and the 'Murmansk Fish
?
? . ?
. .
? tambine .is one ok .the.targest .in the USSR. .02 all-union significance
. ? .
.. ? ,
. ? ? ^ ?
al?so are ?thg dblastis?*alit'it-nepheline.mining and the copper-nickel
? g?
? ?
? Mining !.rid met41ur4i.car1.ndirst?ried.. The apatite-fiepheline industry,
? ? ? " .
? ?
centerd?at Ktroies, pr?odu6ed.:9?6-95 per eent df the apatite mined in
.? .
?? . ? ? .? . ?
?? ???
? . ?
?the US,t, and proVides thexaw Mate'rial base for three-quarters of
? . ? ? ? . ? ..? . ?
tip country' ; ? pi?bdu!cti.:dn of phosphorous fertilizer. The copper-nickel
. ?
.?
enterprises Located in :Morldhegorsk- and. ;the Nikel-Pechenga region,
? .. . . ^ .?
? accoUrti fof:more ihi
' thin a 'rd 'of *al*nickel produced in the Soviet
. ? ?.. ?
? . ? . , ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? .. .. .... .
.. ? ? ... ??? Union. The .ir on :o?re..4pos'its at .01enegorsk and in the Yena:?Kovdor
. ? ? .. ?
?? 0: ? ? f. :..
?
??? ? ? - : .
: ? ' : atea ? arg..al'so .f. 0 as. significance; ? There .are numerous other, largely
.?
_
.. .. ..
? .. ? . ? ?
. ? ?
?? ? .
? - ? ? .ulietploits3., ..resousces in the oblast ? (see Section IV, ? E).
?
.: ? . . ? .. ? - ? ? ? .. .
..
. ? . ., ? ,.? ?
.? ? . ? ... ? ?
. ? ? ?
??
? ? ? : ? ?
?? ? ? '?
. ?
?
??
? ??
? .
S?E C .R E
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: .
*. ??*.
????
. ?
S. E?C' E .
? ?
*.Tkie Oblast!i Military significance is +O 'be noted in the 'facts that
. . . ?
it ii a boder area, that Severmorsk%is the, headquarters of the
. . .
. .
Northern:Fleet, and that the port of Murmansk ip a'yeki-round'ide-
?
?free port?with direct access.to the open seas.:. .
, ? . .
. Under the economic-adminietratilre reorganization. :law of ,igy
1957, Murminskaya Oblast becanie one of the 4 economic regions 'replacing
., ? .
the former Northwest Economic Region, "with its cwn Council of National. '
Economy (Sovnarkhoz).. Practically all industry, except for local. and
Cooperative enterprises, has been placed under the Sovnarkhoz. The ?
city, rayon, and oblast executive committees.in:the oblast have the ?
responsibility of providing communal services and; administering local
.
and cooperative enterprises. Control over foreign trade, the maritime.
fleet, shipbuilding and repairing, rail, 'air and 'sea transportation,
defense industries, telecommunications, military units and installa-
tions is directly exercised by republic and USSR Communist Party and
.
government agencies. Indirect control and supervision 'over the
activities of the Sovnarkhoz and oblast executive committees is exer-
cised. . ?
cised at the republic and USSR levels..
The city of Murmansk containing an estimated 37 per cent of :
the oblast 's civilian population is the administrative, tultural,. ?
and transportation center of the oblast. It is of economic signifi-:.
tante for its fishing industry, which employs ,about half of the
city's workers and employees. With the exception of ship repair, its
other industries are of only local significance.
B. Control Force
1. General
There are 4 control groups operating in Murmanskaya
Oblast, as in all other areas of the USSR: the Communist Party, civil:
governmentseconomic, and militarY, inclUding militarized forces of,the
MND and KGB.
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? ? ? % . S E C ?R ??E T. ? .
?
. ?
?
-, ?
. .
Each control group it comprised of primary, intermediate,
? ? ? ? ? ?
? . ? . ?
-
and loWer'bOntrol personnel.. The primarY?pontiol: group is t.eSpon-.
? ? ? sible for policy Making.and%for general.administratiOh.and military
?
? . ?? ? ?
?
functions', at 'the national level. In the oblast.it is tomprised
? ? ? ? ? ?
%
?chiefly of flag and general'offibers of the.armedforcei and'MeMbers .
%of the.central'apparatds of the Murmanskiy.Sovnarkhow....
The intermediate cOntrol.grOup is responsible Tor?supervising
? ??
??
. .
.? ? ?
? ...the?implement'ation of policy, adapting and applying it to specific
areas. 'In. Murmanskaya Oblast' it includes mepbers of the oblast arid
bity Party and government. apparatuses, field and company grade.okficers.
of 'the armed forces and MilitariZed 'security forces) personnel of econ-
Cert4C agencies above the plant or enterprise level, sUch?as employees of .?
the SOvnarkhoz branch directorates and trusts.. The number in this cate-
.
gOry amounts to 'ab'out 30 per cent of the total oblast?control force...
The lower contra group is made up of supervisory-administrative
personnel at the operational level and'clerical aides Of control' .force _
supervisory-administrative personnel.. It includes workers in rayon
Party: committees and rayon and, rural soviets, noncommissioned officers ?
'in the. armed forces and militarized security forces, and sup.ervisory
? Tersonnel within economic enterprises and public institutions ip the '
'oblast. 'Almost 70 per cent of all oblast control personnel are in this -
category.
% ?
. ? ?
? ? ?
The Murmanskaya Oblast .control force is estimated to total:
?
102,200 (see .Table I) COmprising about 15 per cent of the' total popu-
.?
' dation (including military).
- -
?
SECRET
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?
.
, ? .:???????
. ? .
?..
TABLE.I.* ?
?'ESTIMATED OBLAST CONTROt FORCE: 1959
'.?
. Per Cent
0ategorY: Prithary? Intermediate Lower Total .or Total
?
?
? Communist Party neg. ? 500. ? 2,000 2,500 ? 2.4 ?
'Government neg. . 2,900 ? 91900. 12,800 12.5
? Economic ? 200 ? 906' ' 27,800 '.281900 28:3? ? ?
Military; MV.D,KGB: 300. ? 26,300 31,400 58,000 56.8'.
?
?
Total
500 . 30,600 71,100. 102,200 100.0
2.? Communist Party and KomsOmol .
? ? ; . . . ?? ?
? .. . ?
The Party control group is the most important of the. 4.control
groups. :In addition :to comprising a distinct entitylit has .its special
representatives in each of the other control groups. 'Furthermore; with
. . . .
. . . ?
few: exceptionsl?persons occupying important positiOns in the civil govern-
ment, economic administration or military are Party members ?a therefore
? ..
subject. to its.dispipline.
, ?
: The January 1959 Cotmunist Pgrty?metiberehig in?ihe oblast is
estimated at 44,70'0. Approximately 5.5 per Cent of the membership (2,500
.are full-time Party?meMbers and. comprise the Party control 'force. The
incidence of 65 Party members. per 1,000 population (including Military) ?
? is one of the highest in the Soviet Union, the incidence in tile USSR and
?
. .
in the RSFSR being 39 and 45 respectively. The large number of military. ?
? personnel in the oblast (an estimated .132,000) accolint.for tie high ratio
. .
of Party members per 1,000 population. .
The Murmanskaya Oblast_COmmitted of the Communist Party, the
? highest .Party Organ .the oblast, is responsible 'for the implementation
and. fulfillment Of directives from the Bureau for hSFSR?Affairs.of the
Central. Committee of the Communist Part in Moskva. It directs the
aCtivities of -subordinate committees In each of the cities. and rural.
??.
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S E?C 'R E T ?
... . . .
? f
.?
: . . ..
? . ...
rayons of the oblast.. Th local 'Party Committees direct. the,ictivities
. . .
Of?meMberi..idi'ulfilling all directives of higher Party'Organs,:and
? . .
? ?superiribe all jvi1 Primary .Party Organizatiohvformed in..enterpribes,
? collective and state farms, government agencies, research .and eddoa.-
.. ? . .
. tional institutjons, trade?unions, apd other 'establishments; Prima**, '
? Party Organizations are eicpected to. play an active role in the branch
. .
. administratiOns of the SovnarkhoZ.
. .
. .
? Party organizations in military unirts in the oblast are exempt.'
. . . .
oblast; city, or rayon.Party committee supervision and have their
?? . ?
? own independeht channels of control. The dhiefPolitical-Direotorite.
:which. functions both as *a. section.ofthe USSR Central Committee of. the ?
Communist Party_ahd as a part of the USSR Ministry of .Defense, controls
. .
. , .
.the'activities of Prim'ary party Organizations in militarTunits located
in'the obiest through special offices in Hq., Northern Ailitary District,
? Fetrozavodsk (KaTelskaya ASSR). PartY organizations in, MTD internal..
, 'security troops and KGB guard units in the oblast re independent of
. .
. ?
. 16.cal Party authorities and are responsible, through their own hieral7chy).
??
to the USSR Central Committee of the. COmmuniSt Party...
'The Komsomol (the All7Union Leninist Communist League of /buth),
an Organization for, the training and indoctrination of youths aged 15 to
284 :is closely modeled .on the hierarchical: patterns Of the Communist
. .
. .
Party and is the chief mechanism: through 'which Party directives are ?
transmitted to Soviet youth. Information is not available on total
, ?
.Komsomol membership?in the Oblast. While in the USSR as a wholemore .
? ?
% than one-third of the i. to 28 age group are members,. the membership ..
. is probably proportionately higher .in Murmanskaya Oblast because of he
*relatively large 'number of Military perscinhel. ? .
' The .11rmanskaya'Oblast Komsomol Organization.has been severely'
criticized for laCk.of constructive 4ctivity. In 1951 less thari.one--
third of the.KanSomol?meMbers engaged 1ff sports 'or were enrolled in
pOlitiCal education courses. In the same year More than 111000 Komsomol
?
. - .6
SEC RE T
?
? ?
?
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??
?:.
. .
.? ?
? SEC RET ?
. ? ?
.?
MemberS in.the pity of 'Murmansk...we're enroiled:in'no.study gr6up at.
all: T.urthermore; the.quality of charaCter training and instruction
?? . ?
? ? ?? . .
:? mary.Komsomol,organizAtidns.wai.declared to be unsatisfactory.. A
particularly disturbing fact to'the opi.t Party'eomthittee.was the.
? . _
. -
.'deCline in the number o1 Party members in the local Komsomol organi-
:. ?
? zations since 1954. 14hereas.dm om
ihit year all and rayon KsomOl.
, ?
. . - ?
? ?
secretaries were Pa? rty membersIfin 1957 less than two-thirds of t? he ?
. ?
? .
? . ? ? ? .
Komsomol secretaries were Party members: This situation was blamed,
. . .
. ? on the mistaken practice by the Komsomo? l' organizati? ons_of rec? ommending
for Party meinbership chiefly.Komiomol members over 25 or 261 vho, Once ?
accepted by the Party, are immediately written Off the.Komsaibl?books.'
. .
kiligher incidence of Party members In the Komsomol organizations would
. ? .
be assuredvit was 'suggested, if the best Komsomol members between%the
ages of 18 and 23 were given strong recommendations for Tarty membership.
They?could?then* remain and work in the Komsomol for several years after
j.oining the Party.
Religious influences were said'to have made same.disttlrbing
? ? ... . ?
headway among the. youth. 'According'to.the sho? cked Party Committee's
report, in one Case there was the baptism by an itinerant priest at a.
. . .
? ??
lumber camP'or.a large group of young peO.ple, including the :secretary..
bf the Komsomol and his assistant. It was also pointed out that'spe-
cial Party vigilance was necessary.because'in this area, a maritime '?
?.' . ? .*
.? . ? .
? ? . ?
? ? oblast, there were a great number of-sailors.who tyavel abroad.. "Uriheilagr.
vi^ ews of life" had permeated some of the youth, it was stated.
? ? ? .- ... . .-
.
. 3. Military
?
-? Th& military control force in. the oblast is etimated at
.58,000;.-a.pproximately 44 per cent of the estimated 132,006 total- .
. .
military personnel in'the .oblast. Table II shows the distribution by ?
'branch of 'service of the-armed forces and the.military control force. ..
- 7 .7- ?
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?
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12 :
?.????,i
? ; . ?
?
????? S'ECRET.
?
. ' ?
.? % ? ? ? % ? .. ?
TABLE II ? ?
. . .
? ? ? , ? .
ESTIMATED.COMkSITION.Ole ARMED'*oRCES A1> ? ?
MILITARY CONTROL FORCE IN.M1JRMANSKAYA.01JAST : 0' ?
? ? ? ?
Branch of Service ??? ? Number Control Force ? Per .Cent
. . ?
? ? . .
Arnty. . ? ? ? 14,000 4A00 . ? '
*Navy (excl.. SNAF) :? 75,000 ? 32,100 . .
? Air. Force ? ? 35;600 18,500 ? 52.8
? ?
MVD Security Troops
arid KGB Border Guards 8,000. ? 2,600 , 32.5.
,
??
I?
. . . .
?? .
? . . ?
. ..:. %
l'otal. '1322000 ? 58,006 .* ? 1.13.9 ? ?? . ? . ?:? ? ?
? ..
. ? % ? - .....
? . ?
? .
?t.??
? ? ? ?? ?
,? .? ? ?:
-.
There are?approximately 300 primary control personnel in .the oblast:.? ...
. ? ? ? ?
. %?
?
. '
'
?military control force, (see Table I) inClUding?an:estim4ed 200 in.' : . .. . .
..
o ? ? . ??? .. . ..
' ??
? ? ??
the Navy and 100 in the Air Force: These personnel areflag and gocrai
? ? ? .? ? ? ????? ????
'..officers who. hold positions of .high-level?resPonsibility and???ate?.iii? cOm:- ? :- ? ?? ?.e
? ? ? ? .6
?? ? ?
. ? ?? ?
?? ?
? ? ? 9 ?
.? ? ? ? ? . ?
mandof significant nvmbers of troops. The number of iftamaty-personriel? %.? - .
? ? ,..?: . . '..
? ?
? ?? . ?? ? . . . ? ? ?
,
.??? 'in the army and MVD and KGB in the oblast are believed to be neAigible.': .: :.??
? ? ,, ?.?
? ? ? ..?
? ..? . ?
'It.is estimated that there are 26,300 in the intermediatemilitary..con-.. ? ?
. ? ?? .?
? ? ? %.
? ? .
tx;o1 force, comprised of field and company grade officers?ana their
?,? 1
. ? ? . ? ? ? ? ? . .. .. ? . . .
? ? ? . ?
counterparts in the MVD and KGB, more than half of whom.are?Navy poi4sonnei? ,.
? ?
and more than a quarter of whom are Air Force perscinnel.. The lOi4er'm4I-%.*: ?
???? ?
try con-Viol force totals an estimated 31,400, Navy-and ?Ai r Force.ye?i? -.
. ? ? .
? ? .. ? i
. . ? ,
. . . .? . ?? ..
...
.sonnel comprising 83 per cent.. This 'control group is comPrised? of non?., ???????
.. .
? ?
. .
cOmMissioned officerssin the regular miIitarY.and in the .MVD -
. . .
? The estimated 132,000 military perSonnel represents but ?
. .
, ? .
28 per. cent of the oblastls.adult population, age'18.a? n? d over.. . ?A.repoited. ? ?
. .
86.4 per cent of all the'Officers.(primai-7 and intermediatecontrol.fUrce).: 0. ?
. ?
. ?
? . ?? . ? ? .
and an estiffated 50 Per cent of the NCOls (lower control force) .a.re mem- ? -
? .? ? ?
? bers of the ComMunist Party or Komsomol. . Party membership is belieyed
?
? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
. ; .to be'higher in the MVD?and.KGB militarized 'units.
. . .
.?. .
? ?
- 8 -
s. E. C E T:
. .
?
?? ? ?
. ?
. ?
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? ??
. .
.. ? . ? ? . ? ?
? ? .
. ? ?
? ??? ?S E O. R T'
? ? ? ? ...? ? . ???? - ? .
? ? ? ? . .
? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? . ? .? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? .. ?
? . ? ? . ?1?Itimartskaya Oblast is on ..the direct air 'routs betw,den... '? ; . :
....
. . .. ...???
7 .? ? ? ? . ? nobithern?U:8, and ? the 1.16skva-Leningrad?*in'austal 'areas; .it comPri:Ses ?%.? ?????
. ? , . .. . . : ? :.? . ? . ? , ..
% .. . ?
.? ? . ? .. ? ??- .. ? . % . .f
.. ? ? ??
? ?? ..? ? .? ? ? ? ? ?
.. ? : 1. .pit.qf? thd. DII?kbo'rder ok .the?USSR (baltin?g? a corrno,n'bordsr. with. fflailglid ..... ? ? :' ? I ?
? . ? . ?
. .. .. ., . .. . .? , , .?. ?
, ? :. ? ? ? ? ? . . ? ? ? .?
- ? - i.I.4. NorVar).; ihf,i Arctic .port of? 'Murmansk is the ?orll,y. year sound ice %. ? ? .* ? :, ? ? . ? :
... ?
?.? ? .
? ? ? ? - ? .? ? ? ? ? :
, , ? . ,
: . - ? . ? ? ?. ? . ??
? ? ? free* SOyiet, port with direct a.cceas. to :the open Aeas., : The oblast
? : : . .
. ? . ?
.. . .
? ? ? ? '? .? ' ?,?? ? ?? , ? ? ?? ? ?
. ? ?
thus anaerstandably???the site of 'extensive naval activity, with the . ? ?', ? '. ? ?
. . . .. . ? , ? .? ? . ,
... ,. . .
. ?? .. .? , ?,'?.h.eh.quailt:er,..of thp? Sov.l'et North.rn Fleet 1.9Cated;at;,Sayerorito..rsIc. ........ '.. . . ...
- ?? ,
..* :. ? . ? ,
? ? .. . ?? . ? ? . .
0. ? ? . . ? 1 1. ? ? ?
?? ? ? .. ? ? ?
? : ?????:???? ??? ? tVayengaj .;?....T:k9 oblast. al:sb Fifip.rie's pari :of the llo'rtl?lerti'llilif,ary,. ? .??? ..;,?:.?:...... ? ? : ?
:. , : : .. ? ? ? ?
.. .
? ? ?, ? . ? ? ?
..* ? ,?? D'istilcil, whi:ch ;.?Xso,..intllid4s the Karelskaya. ASSR, .ArldiatigelsIda% and, .- .., ??
. ? ? ? ? ?? .
?? ? ? ? ? . ? ???? ? ? '
" . ? '.. . - ? ... ? ? ? . ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? . .? .
?
? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?V02.0g005kdga . Oblagthi,;14 .,?;? ?119rt,hern,Mil.itary, District; lq,catea 3:n ? ? ? ., ,????? ?.' . ? ?
? . ? . ? ? . ?
? ? ? . .? . ? ??
.. % . ? . %... ? ? ? .
; ... ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? i
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? '; ?
? . ? * . ? ! .. ? Petroz'avod.'Sit? cKarelskay.a A.SSR). hnd subirrdj.flate to the ginietrY: of? : ?? ? :: .:. ? ? :.? ???
? '
? ? ??
?
. ?: ? ? ? ? ?bel'elise..ifi:K?sic'yq.,, Airedis.aptly and ?tactical air4?operations: iti'Murman?::?? - .., :.'? '?
? , , , ? ? . .? ? ? ? ??? ? .; ? . ? ?,. .. ?
:. ? ? ? ' ? - % ,??? ?
? ? ? .
... ? : ? ?.? ? ileval01;ilast,"*. ' : ? ????? ???? ? ' ': ? : ; .: ? ?? ?. ? ? ? - ?? ?? ??? ? ??
? : ??? ?:. ? ? ?? ? ??? ? I, . ?
?? ? : .. ?? . ? ?
?? ? ? ??? ? : ? : ?
' ? .? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? 8u6ci?tdin4.-ge to ?.the..NOrthern Military: ipisti:lepre 2 iden.:-..:???? ...,?? "? ?
.? , . , . . .
. . . ? . , . ' ?
? ? ? . ? . ? ? ? ?? ?? .. ? ???
.? ..
. . .,, .. ..... .
? , ? . .. ., .? ? .. ? ? ? ??
. ? .
. ? . , . . . .
. ? .? . ? . ???tified':atitY ri,flp d'imi?ekori headquatters'?and a pdssible; thil:t1 vitae ? ?
? ?? . : ... . ? ..
? ? ? ?
. .? . ? ? .. .
? ? ? ? ? . ?? ... .
? . ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.: ? ? ?? ?? ? ?
? ? ?? ? i . . : ? ? .. ? ? ?? ?
? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? : ? ?
? divigion.?heidgeltii:tei. in :?41e.' ob3.a?st,: the 145th Rifle .Diy-i?si...Pif in'. the ? ..*:" : ??? : : ? ??,
, .
? ? ? ? . .?
? % ? Peph ra
ing4/Nikel .a.:sullorrlirkit'e ;to the llyth Army' 'headquarters ?in Petrol . ? ::
, ? ?? .. . ..... ?? .. .. . . , ? , ? . ?
.? ? ..* ? .. : ?????,avocIplc..? "the ..67th 11:iffle Viirisitikr,.ik?Murmanslic :(..j:rm,Y.?? ?subor4inattpri. unknown);? ? -? ?
? ? . ?
;?.? ? ? ??.* ? .? ? arid; po,Isl.bly. f,fie? 342,s.,???Rif?3,4 Division in the .1S'aid.e.laksha a?r:ea. ? An,airtk-: '? ? ' '. -, ?
?:,=?? ?? ? ? , ? ? , ?? .
? .... .
i???? ? . . ? ? ?:?ircr.ft regimen.t..-is..fitta,ehed? to. ah' rifle divj:sion. . ...? ? ? '?
.?? , ? . . ? ? ? ?? ?
. ? : . ?
?? : ? ? ? ? ?
:,... ? ? ??? ?? ?? ' . ? ? ..... ? : ... ? ? ? .?:???? Itirm4rislay.a/OiT..ast;:tege-E12.er 14tli ?almost the entire :Karel:- ? :?? ?' ? ?
?? ? ? ? . ? ? ?
? .. ??????:: ..??????:. ???? ....' . .: . . ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? - . . ; '.. ' ??? ?
? :.... . kaS;i. A:38111?TOrrnp:pazt of the tiortheru Air ?Defense Di:strict ? (17th), ,Hci...,.. ? ' ?? ' ?
? ? .? .
? .? '
? ? ? , .. ?,..
? ? ? ? ?
? . - . ? ?
... . . ? .? .
. ?? .. ? ?? ?? .
? . ? ???? . elortiori (Kpfeiska:y.a ?A1Sttli..? The fl..9trict:Cor.nm,e.n.der of ?VO ?Strany. (Anta,?-:? ? ? ??
. . ?
???? . ... ,..... ?? ?
. . ?? ? ?..?????? .? ? ? ? . ... ..: ? ...
,.. ?? .? . : -: ? ? . ? ?? ?
.??? .. ? :.aIrrat?t, ?DefenS?e ?os: th'9' .Homeland) T.las.'ovel--iil authority fpv'ertp.loyinent. : ? ? ? ??
..
% . .:... ' ' ? ? ? ? ? . ,
. ? ? ? ?
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? ' ?cf? aa military- and 'civaniq?Component;- in:clqfensa of the. Northern? *Ir.: t:???? :????? ? ??
? ? . ? ? .. . .
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?? ? ide:fehse.?Didtr:I.CV4a?igst***;1.1;? ast!taok. Res?TpongibIli:?ty for -the casfql *: ... .: : ' ?
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????? ' : ? ; .1 area).de?ende ?i's s?h*a.. -r?ea?wzi.th? tIle N6itherrl.kieet g.i?k? Defen'se District. : :? ??? : ? ? ...;
, ? ? .
":"? ?
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? (3.6th)4":..ileLt 4 j:n ?Seve.iomopsjc. An'urtiderifie? a.? arltia..i?Yer.a?fedvision; ? : '? ? ???:..
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? ? ?? e.? .?? ??,
? ?: ? ; :???(ii/O) heaci?,41?;:x:t6rs? ?th :the.:9:bli.s.t is -probably 1ocate. at 1uinsk. ..? ?
? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ..
? ? Al.r..fielense'.:Cofiunahd...P.V0)'?15erhozarkel 5...ti.the?olpl4st 'ai?d su,11),:tdin6.?te. ?.6..
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? ? .ttie.it.x...ds7p0t,tve. pefense???pl:strict lisd4uar:ters...af,61e2.016.rsk.?91,-.. e:verwcirsic.?, '?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr
RDP81 01043R003700190004-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
... .
? ..
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%.
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? ? . ? . ? . ?? ? ?. ...The ? hea:dquarte.rs of ?the Commander-in-Chief of ???-tha? 5d;te?t*. ? .
. ? ? ? .? .
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% ... . ? . .
???? f ? 1142..rtbeim Fieee is Iiiaated'it Severbino?i.sic Nave:1 base ?QTarget.?00.51:-005.5). - ? ??-
.. , ?
?
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?
. ..?
? ? .. % ? ?
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?? ?? Ngpiher,n Fleet.??Aii Force ha its hekd:quarters 'at Itlunilanskaira-*Gryaspyy*. . ?
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. ?
? %.?:?????? Pitfiel;a?.(Target ? 0051=8602 )?;* ? ? ? ???
..? ?
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? ?
:Mnrxiaziskaya Oblast contains ?no?ideiltified*MVD. head4uarter6: ? s'
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" s :* ? ? ? ..: . . . .
,
? ? ? . . ?? .1-3q. , MyrmanslcaSra..0p/at KGB Border District loe4ted'in 1,1urma,n.6k commands; ? : ?
?? ?
% .? ??? ? ....
? ? ? ??? ??.' ? ?? % 't,i;e .1..0C7iti BOrae?i''Detsaphraeni, in S'almiyaryi, 5 miles? fromtheNorwea?in? ? ?
? ? . . . ? ?
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?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? . ? ?? . ?
. ? , . . ? ????? . ? ?, ??
? ? '? ? ' ???tiorder. ?N'e Crther bor?der ditachraents have been ?i:dent?ified or. locat,ect,tri. ??
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ...
? ?
? ? 0. ? .
?? ? ? ? ?? ? :? :obl.:ast but they. probably' exist., considering ? ..Che? ?faCk;?? that ..the *.bri;ler ?
? ? ? .3?
? ? ? ????? ..? . ?? ? ? ? . ?. ? ? ? ? s.
;. ?
? ? ? ? ,? ? ? ? ?? ? ?
? f? ? ?; apprpx.iniiatey l??05.itiles ion.
. ? ? ?
. ? ?? ??? ? ? ? ??
? ? .? ? .
?? ? ? ? ? .?
? ? .? .4 ?
??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?? Mutmanaaya?Dblagt?is 41n.4rea o siolifoi,cant naval activity, ?? ??
.?
e. ?
??? ? ????? ? ? ? ? .. ? ?? . . :
? ... . *. , pa."0.Lil4i11,:??fri.tlie :IC.016..61121 regiom *(also knolla?as 'Kdla Jnlet:)'whete ttler : ? ??
? ?: ' ? : ????? ??? : . .- .. .? ? ,
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? .? .
% . . , .? ? ? ? .
? ?? .
" .
? ..are? a ;nilinbot of blgselk integrated naval activities aghicif like' it be ? ? .
? ? .
? ? ? ? .
?.. : ??? . :? ? . .? , ? ? ? . . . ? ? ? ? ? .?
?? . . ???':??? majgr; Dper4tiaig reridir, aid supply area of ttle ?Sovit thirtlierri Fleet ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?
. ? ? ? ? ? .
? ??? ? ? ?" ..: ? ? ? ? : ??: ? . ' ? ?
? ??? , ? ? ??:***(.-ref..er ?to. Map I?V)?. ...Ail major ?Arctic naval activities, with the excep- ?
???
? ?? .
? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? . ? . ?
? :.... ??? td:on r?f??tlit 4hilpu.ildings: at ?Seev.-erodirin.sis ? (Arl?charagel*Pkaya Oblas???E) , al; . '
?
? . ? ?
? ? - .
, ..? . ' c ? .
. ? ? . , .
' .-` :. ? ? . : ccincpntratedon e .i.th KolaGuff.. ? ?The'.gu.g is also inip.oitaxit* as a' convoy
? . ? . . . .
. .. .: . . ?? .. . . ?? ??
.. ???
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
,,_,.... .: . ? .... ?? ? a.nd esryigyig..:..tettOr.' or' naval ?vessel's. trave.rsing? the Northern Sea Route .?
,????
. ? ?? %. ? ? ..,
....??
??
?
1 ? ,
? . The Kola Culf,? Open, klrye.a..r, ha?? ept3r access to the ?Open seat aria prd- ? ? . ?
..? . ? ?
? ? . . ? .. ? . . ? .? ? . ? ?
? ? . ?
.?
--des :65cpeLlezit?Iptotedtion 'for' the fleet bb.gbd. there: ? Priricipai? naval
? ? ? ? ?? ? ... " ' ? '
. . .
.., ? .
? - ? : ? . ? , .. ?? ? ?' ?
.....
. ? ? actiirA.-ty 9n the gulf is . concentrated at 3 ,:poiht: .? Sev.eromorsjc?, Porx????? :
? . .:
? . .. ??? .? ? ? ? ? . ??
. ? ? ? . ? ? ? : ? .. ? ? ??? .?? .?? .?
? ? ? ? . . ? ? ?? : ? ? ? ? ? ? : ??
? ?&rnyy-, .and??:`?lui?Than,ak-7Sev.eromorsk Naval Base (Targe?t;001-0055:) is the?
.. ..
? ? ? ? ? ...
? . ?
..? ? ..... ?. ? ? .. ????
? ?
:. ???? ? : ? ' ???
headquarters. ot *?-the.Sevitt*.Nor-tnern Fleet, and is main o?patitingt-aqe:
. . ? ? . ??? .
.? ? .? ? ..? ? ? ? ? ., ? ? ? . ? ? .
"
?? ??? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? . ? .
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? . ?, ? . . ?
? ? ? ? . ??? Aaf.6f 1 Jailuam 1959 ? lica. at-%everomarsk exiarcised. ? ?
? Northern ?? ? ? ? ? ?.
? % ? ? . ? ??? ? ? ? ?? ? . . ? .
? ? ? ??
?:.
? .*:* ? ' ciontiTii c:ive?r :Or *9*At'ima?ted" E:,'?,51h:t; ? cruj?srs ? )3 CletroyBr -types.; i.3.0. ???
?? . ? i ? ?? . .
? ? ?? ????? ? . . . ? ?
?? . ?
. ? A ? ??? ???? ? ? ? ??? :- .... . . . ? ..
. ??? ? ?? i .
?. ?? ?? ?? , ? ?
. ...???? . ???, . iutAndi:?ines'y .:31 *pattol:vq.agels,:.191 ?rnirje:vsel., arid tiB a:uxili.aries: :
? . . ...? . ?
?
?? ? ? : ?? . ? ??
. ?? ?.
???? .? .... .- ?:Abcsu.t? 8 pel???filirt a -fil* usips major. Combat, ? ghtp.s. operate ?out .?? of ? '.. ?
. ? ? ?
, ? . ? .
. ? ? . . . ?
??? . ?.. ? ? ??? ?"" ?? ?? ' ? ? ? .? ....? . ? .
... :? ?
? ???? ?? ?
? r. ?? ? Sev^ e'rdiciot*: .? . ? ?::??? ? ? :. ? ? ? ?
. ' ? ? ? ,
? :
.?
. . % .? ? ?? *. ? ? . ? ? ??? ??..? ? ?? .
?. .
. ? . . ? ? ?
. . ? ? , ?? ? :???. PolyArnyy Naval ?ease (Target 00l-0030) is the.. pia.j.a sub- ? ?
ke? . . . . ?
marine
?, ? ? .. . .? ? . ? ... ?
. . .
?
? ? ?
? ?
.? base..rhi:.-f,I;e???Siiyi?E;ti Northern Fleet, cent ? of' .? ? ? ? .
. ? ? . .
? ? ? ? ? ? . ?
? ??
?? . ?.?
. ? ?
the USS?.' s long and. me.diilx.ri?I?arige.stibmarines are estimated to ?be ?stationed ' ? ?? .
. ? ?
? ???
? ?
? ? . ? . . . o? ?
. ?
: ?? ? ?
? . ? ? .
? ? ? ?
- *?'. ? : ?
. ?
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. . ??SCRIT2: ? ? ? ? .?
. ?
? . : ? . ?..: .
?,
? '?'?-:-????
? ??? ? . .?
. ?
? ....? ?
???
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr
RDP81 01043R003700190004-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
J,...-??; ? .
??? ???.
? .
? ? 18 E ?C R?? t.T .? ?
'? ? ? ?
: .
. ? ?
??? ? ? ?
? ? . .
. ? 'therq... Its 6hipyard.has'a. reported /150-ft. 'floating drydook....Rosia . ?
-:.? . ? ??
. Natral Base and. Shipyard,' "Sevmorput" (Target 0051;0017,) at Murmansk
. . . ',' ?
? ? ? . ? .?? ..
??
? ? ?
? ? .is the prinCipA'repair?and supPly base of the Soviet'Northern?Fleet,
1 - ? t ?. ? ? ?
, furnishinglbgiStics .and operational service's to major 'unite ?of 'the .
? .?.
'
fleet. It makes ma.jor repairs in al 800 ft. graving 'do'cke fin-esti .
. : mated 9..6 po cent of the iti3or combat ships and 1..7 per' cent cif the.
?
? iOng..ang me4ium range'pubmarinei'in the USSR operate' out of-Muimansk.
? %? .? ? ? ?
Other ,naval activities in the oblaSt are itemized in', Table III.
? ?
?
' TABLE III ? ?
?
. OTHER :NAVAL A61VTrIES IN NIJRMANSKAYA OBLAST
% ?? 4
Location2V
. Murmansk 'Naval Base and..
. . Shipyard, "Chelmpushka"
? ('Target p051-01.44)
. ? Guba?Dolgaya Zapadnaya ' ?
? f69-7,8N1 33-50E) ?
..01enya GUba Submrine.Base
? -(Target Q051-.0153).
?
?
SaYTIls Guba. Toros Wavaa:Bae ?
(Target 6051-0062)
.Tyuva Nalral r:G.se?
.(Target 0051-0131)
? -
?
? Moklinatkina 'Pakhta
? . (69-03N; 33-09E)
: Pebhenga Submarine Base
:%:(Target 0051-0028)
Type of Activity
. ? ? .
Naval vessel ship repair Up to sue ?
of destroyer, supplementing the'ship.-
yard at Rosta. Accounts for'5 per
cent, of USSRIs'ship repair ,capacity. ?
Minor naval operating base for.
patrol craft.
Minor operating base for submarines
and patrol craft; naval suppl.depot;%
probably as an auxiliary base to ?
??? .?
Polyarnyy.
Minor operating base tor submarinesy
patrol craft, and destroyer escorts,
probably'as-an auxiliary base' to
Polyarnyy. ? . ?
Minor operating base for mineSweepars
and patrdl craft, funCtioning as an
auxiliary.base to Polyarnyy... Base ?
for an estimated 5.2 per sent 'of. USSR
long and medium range sub.s.
Naval auxiliary fuel base.
.% ?
Reports indicate that Pedheng6,is
becoming a naval operating base for
light units of the fleet. Base for ?
an estimated 1.8 per cent of. USSR ?
long and medium range subs: ?
S E C'R B T'
" .
?
??
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr
DP81-01043R003700190004-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
. ?
Table ?III ?( continued) ?
s .?
?
. .
. ,? ?
- Teriberka Nairal.gase
? .(Target. 005170161) ?
? ?
? Yokinga Naval Base
(Target 00514)054).
. . ?
. ?? ?Fort Vladimir Naval Base
. (Target 0051-0127)
? ?
. ??
a/
SE O. .E T' ?
?
? .
?? ? ?
? Type of Activity ??
. ? ?
?
. ?
. ?
?:
? ?
? . . ?
Minor operating base for sutMarines,?
?subiarine chasers, patrol oraft?,..ahd ?
mine-'sweepers. ? ? . .
?
^ ? ? ?^ ?
Naval anchorage'up to destroyer siip;
advance patrol and repair bas ef :Elathe .
foi ap,esUmated.1.2 per 'cent of USSR
long and?meaium range submaiihes ,
shipyard 'makes MajOr?repairs.to des-
troyer leaders and submarines.
. . ? ?
? ' ' ?
? . .
. :
Provides minor logistic and opera-
tional support to a limited number
of surfacetorces.
. .
? ? Mhen target numbers are'not available; cdordinates are.given.
Naval training in the :oblaSt is carried on At Severomorskj
Polyarhyy, end Murmansk. ?Severomorsk-is the site of an enlisted men's
schooLand'an Offices' school, giving training in navigation and squeL.
'cialized.Subjedts; a naVal'aviation sehool?may.be located there also. ?
qftvmansk has a school for training.personnel.in small boat-handling, as
well as a.school'for divers! Polyarnyy has A petty officers! school; a
? sUbmarine.trainini school is located either at PolyarnTy.or'nearbrit ?
Guba Olenya.. . ?
. Severordorsk, Polyarnyy, and Murmansk Are principal naval
supply centers Supporting the operating forces of the Soviet Narthern
?Fleet. Murmansk?maintains large quantities of ammunition, mines, and
torpedoes and has underground POL storage facilities. Polyarnyy has
'
storage facilities for torpedoes, materiel, amMunition, and POL. '
? Severomorsk has supplies of.POL ammunition, explosives, and materiel
. ? ?
storage facilities.
There are 28 targeted airfields and seaplane stations in
the oblaSt, of which 25 are military, 2 are joint civil/military and
one is afunknown subordination (see Table IV). The Northern Fleet.
12
: ? ? ?
SECRET,
??
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr
RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
,
:
?
t?e:ircp Hq.,:Murmanekeya-Gryaznyy (*ta.rget. 0051-86O.2)? has
E.0 RET
? .?
? ? . . ?
*.* ??? ? ?? ? . ? . . ? ?
?a m-complement of 515'airoraft '(October 198); including..8 fighter ?
?
. ?
. .
regiments with '240 aircraft and. 5. tedium 'bomber.. re'giments* 'with 100 .
? .?
? air-
?aft,dispersed .thi;oughout the Northern Militiry. District? 'Eight of
? ? . ? .?
the 28 airfields dnd seaplane stations in :the 'oblast ?are clas'sified' as
. .
? . , ? ? ?
. ?
staging bases, which . are believed to be' capable of suppdrtihg .heavy ? ?
'i;?othber and/Or medium. bomber? staking and recovezy operaions. With the ?
. . ? .
? ?
exception 'of Yokanga Airfield, (Taitet '0051-8009) -all are. located'. near . ?
the Murmansk railroad, ? (Refer to Map IV).* Six?of the ?blast's airfields
'.are classified as Air Defense Bases which are?believed to be 'capable of*
supporting jet fighter 'operations. With. the exception of. Taytiola North,-
west' Airfield (Target' 0051-8620), .these airfields' lie NW and .NE of
'
Mur-
mansk. of the oblaStis airfields are. dependent on the Muimansk ?
.Railroad (and .its branch. to .Pechenga and Niliel)? for. logistic support.. .?
Were 'this V?ital line to be interdicted, suPplying. these airfields would ? ?
pose a 'serious problem.
An. aircraft control and warning radar (AC&W): network exists
. ?
Murmanskaya Oblast. There are 16 Early Warning,' 5 Ground*.ControI ?
"Intercept, it Ea'rly 'Warning/Ground COntrol -Intercept , one Target Control
??
and 2 unknown, type'radar sites distributed. throughout. the oblast...? 'The
. . .
majority Of them are located near, airfields or in the border areas. of
the oblast.
??
- .13 ?
MEC RET::
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @
014/04/10 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr2014/04/10:CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
. ?....... , ......?....,,,,,,,,..,-,;einsINez
?
! -!,..-- --- .-- ? .....---77,7":??-?--74 j.-.:?-.,,?,??"Zr."77---.7.71:31J:,-.,.:,-,,,, ?,..,-, ? ?????[?,,,,....%,, ,?,-? ?.,:, ?;,' ,? ,:,?
h r,'I'''".'`, '_':1",,;"--?'..11:A,::,f,':.,,..'7,1".7',. r ti, ..,, '1 ?:. A. --, ".?,,__, '''? ,,? ? : _., -.._ y. , .. ' ? , ?, ,_ ? ? - ?
'n.;q4'! "--' ..-'' ''''4''''?'7N"''''''''''''' 4?,:''Irt'ir'''!'", 7,?:!iri.r.i,t1,t,4'`I''.'Y';',7.',:`!?r2l?Ite,,,i L, ? '- ?,:.;,, ,?1?., ,?, , , , ?
. . . .
. ?. . . . .
? ? f..,?) ? .
%
??
_ ,I,qQation
?
Arrikanda
AlAkurtti M11:
Apatity
Kadin Mil.
'41din M11. ?
Kirovak
ICeollka-Yavr Mil..
Knip-Yavr
Mal-Yavr Mil.
Monohogornk Mil. .
Murmanok/-
Kola ? . Mil.
Murmannk ? ?
Northoant Mil.
Murmaook/-
rYatrnyy.
?Miirmanhi
Nauts1 ?
?Nivakiy ?
-0Ionya
Olonya North
Poehonga.
Panay
SaImiyarvi .
Sevaromork .
Shongny ?
Tayb6la
Nprthwest ? .Mil.
? ?. ? .
?
? ??? ? TABLE IV ? ? ?
. ? : ?
. ? ' .
.TATIGETED? AIRFIELD.S AND SEAPLANE STATIC/1S IN MURMANSKAYA. OBLAST
Typo
Staging Bane
Staging Blum.' .
Seaplane Station
Atr Wenn? B&W
Seaplane Station
Ronerye Dane'
Air Wenn() Dane
Staging Dane.
Staging Dane.
Staging Dane
? Runwayki
Catogorv
Ronerve Bane
Air Defonnd Base :
.Seaplane Station
Revery? Dupe :
Reserve.Dase
Ronerve Base .
Staging Daso .
Roserve Popo'
Air?Defonso. Base .
Reserve Base ?
Ail -Defense, Banc
Staging?Paue
Ronerve-Baso . ?
Aiy pofende:Tano.
?
Langont Run ?
ai.D.'re_Qte): ?
?
GP
GP ' 6,600:
.ss
.6P' . .6,600
.SS . .
3T 3,900
6P.: 6;600
91). . 9,660
813 8,20Q
613 6,606
?
3T ? ? 3,600
? 6P.
Sg

- 4T
5T
? 4T.
?
lip.
? . 4T:.
. 67
5T
5T. ?
8P
? 6,300.
4,706.
5,500
4,200
.11,500
4,10G.
.6,900.
, 5;000-
. 5,000.
? .8,200
. ? 3,520
. .61600
Targeilo..
? ? .
009178601
.0091-8602
0091,8633
? 0051-8603
0051-8604
0091-8612.
0051-8625
0051-8615
0051-8633
0091-8625
67-27N; 32-46E
66-58N; 30-21E
67-33Ni 33-20E
. 69-191,4
34.-.11E
69-19N;
34-20E
? -67;-34N;
33-34E
.0051-8605
?
.
0051-8628
?
.005178602 ?
?
0051-8609.
'
?
2051-8612
?
0091-8622
?
0051,8634
?
005178611
?
?
0051-8616
.
?
0092-8027
?
9051-8619
00517$627
?
001-8620.
?
0051-8622.
.69-15N;.31-12E
69-06N; 32-24E.
68-52N; 33-43E
67-59N; 33-01E
. .
68-51N; 33-01E
.69:-.01N; 33-18E
69-04N; 33-17E
68-48N; 32-48E
69-04N; 29-10E
67-26N;* 32-50E.
68-091i; 3327E
68-10N; 33-17E
69-24N;. 33-00E
. 67-06N; 41-07E
69-20N; 29-59E
69-02N; 33-25E
:68-45N; 37.09E.
68-31N;
.. ?
?
.?
lioadQuarierS??
JF regt.,1. JLB rogt.* .
Foss. JLB mgt. 2 JP. rogts.
.1 JLB.regt. .
*--
,m???????
JLB div.
? ? ? :
Northcrn Fleet:Air Force ? ?
Poss. 34LB regts...
Pois.-1.2?JF
. . ?
. , ? :
Jr regt.
*. ?
? ? ?
POs.s.*2 J.? 114ts.
? ? ? ?
? ?
JF?di;i., 23F reits. ?
,
. ? ?
. ? ? ? ?
'
;I a.11?0?E .?:
??
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
"?7.7
? . ?
? . .
?
?
50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
- ? .,7?11..-?!::: },71;"
?
?
TABLE IV (Continued)
. ?Runw.aylli Longest Run
Locat4on: Agfa_ ? .? tog_ . ? Ittaggri inysat)
Reserve Base ? ? 5T ? . 5,000
? Mil.. Reserve Base . 141. ? 4.200.
. Staging Bits. . 6P . 6, boo..
Yokangs Mil. Seaplane Station ,SS
Teriberka
,14.a GUha
Yokanga
?
IIIM????
?
?
?
. ?
rtet No.
oo51-8623
0051-8625
0051-8009
0051-802.0
Lat..ge
?
69-09N; 35-05E
? 69-13N;32-42E
?
. 67-58N; 39-35E
: 68-04N; *)9-31E
??
Aleasimiuters.
ONO .110.
am????
?
vg.U`k
is/ The numeral refers to the ? longest run in thousands of feet and the. letter to ?the type of surface: P-permanent,.
N-natural, T-t?emporary.
V Civilian flights from Murmansk originate from this airfield.
:?
?
?
.?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
7
??
.
?
SECRET', ? .
? Targeted'facilities of.militarY interest in ..i.he.:abiaSt."-:
? .
? are. listed ? . ? . ? 1 ? ?
'4iisionab1e'Materid1s Production and'Stoi.a.fr. ?
0051-0166 : 01enya'Atomib:Energy Installation
. ??
? ? ?
.. .
Nuclear Weilions Storage ? . ? ? . ?
??
.0051-0165 .blenya special Weapon. Sterage.Site ?
069170181 Monchegorsk Special Weapons Storage ,Site
Petroleum, Products Storage, Honrefinery . . ? ? . ?
0091-0119 *.Monchegorsk Petroleum Storage No 2 (4,000 N. T.)
0091-0120. Monchegorsk Petroleum Storage?No. 1 (8,000 M. T.)
. ?
?
0051-0056 Murmansk Petroleum Prd Storage No 1
(5,000 M. "r.)
.
0051-0050 Mufmansk Petroleum Prd Storage No 2.*
(3,000*M. T2) .
?
0051-6048 Murmansk Petroleum Storage.Kola
(8,000 M. T.).
0051-0027 Murmansk Petroleum Storage Rosta UG
. .
. 0051-0093 Vayenga Petroleum StOrage Kolskiy Bay
(20.'000 M. T01
(4,000 m. T.) ?
?
-
? .
0051-0057 Ybkanga Petroleum Storage'Gremikha
(4,000 Ma T. )
?
:
0051-0128 Polyarnyy Petioleum Sjorago Submarine
Base'
(2?.000 M. T.)
, . . ?
Storageil ?
0051-0157 Severomorsk ASM Storage Sitd .
?
??
- Naval Supply Depots ?
' 0051-0095 Munninsk Naval Supply' Debt Rosta No 1
. 0051-0132 Vayenga Naval Storage UG ?
? 0051-0071 Vayenga .Torpedo Storage A NbrkshoPs
?
-A Program of paramilitary training of young (botirmen and
. ??
???
women) and . veterans is carried on throughout the oblast branch of?the.
.. ? . ?
? All-Union Society for Cobperation with?Army,. Air Force; arid Nav.T(DOSAAE). ?
The Murmanskaya Oblast DOSAAF organization was the target bf.serious
icism in 1958. It. wab Criticized for' its repeated failure to ,put the,
decisions 'and resolutions of the DOSAAFprOoldium into- effect, Tor its',
lack of fervor
: DOSAAF Oblast,
and activity, for the lack of conSultation among the ?
city,?and, rayon committees... The Eandalaksria city commi.tte
,of DOSAAFwas.tingl r
eid. out for its ineffectUapropagandizing of miIiitaYy
? ?
knowledge, for its failure to enlarge:its.membershipl,to collect member-.
. .
ship.du.es, for rendering.little assistance to DOSAAFprimary organizations. ?
under its jurisdiction.. Iii the city of Munilansk, many bf the.:DOSAAF
? .1/ Two untargeted installations associated with guided.missil:e
activity are believed to be located in the Pechenga areai?onel.within .
15 naUtical:miles of Pechenga, stores or launches guided missiles. and ?
'pm*, within approximately 5 nautical. miles .of P.echenga5 stores
. typp anissileq.
-16-
R?E. T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
1
. .? ?
: ? ?,
' ? S"E.:C? R .E
, ? ... ? ? ? ' . ' ?
? ? .? ? ? ... .. ? ? . ... ..
? .. . . . . ? . .
. ... ? : ? ? ? ? ,?? , ?? ?
torimary organ#E4,?ions were said :to.be'. at hal?f? strength and. tfo :;?,:lia., ? :??? ? ...
.? .
.? .. ?
. .. ? ?
. ? . . . ..
.. ?
? strong "material-technical ? base." Dissemination of; military Icnciv.ledge . . ? . .
? .. .? . . ? .
. . . ... ? .
: ..- . ? . , ? . ....
?? ? in. Murnenskl? as wi,L1 as in. many other%part bf 4216 oblasie,..iras'ial.d?to?tbe ' ?
. . ??? . . ? ?
. ?
? . ?
unsatiSfactory. .? ??? ? .. ? ? ? . ? ???. ?? . ? '.. ' ? ??
? ; ? ?
,,, ??
. ???. ? ?
? ??
? 14; . Gevernm? ent ? . .? ? . . ?? ??? ?
? ? . ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ..
? ??? *. ?? ?? .? '. .? ? ? -..
? ?
? ? ?? ? ?. ? ? . ?? ? ..
The atria gOvernment? control ? force ? inthe last. iS astir- ?-.. ? ? ? '
,. . ? . ? ? %
? ... ? ? ? ? ..
: ? . ? ' ? ? . ? ? . . ? ? .. . ? . ? ? . ?
mated at 12,800.. Of itiis total. the luMper of pr'Irfark 'control .personnel ? . ? ??? ... 't? ? :
. . .
??? ? ? .. ?
. .
at the Oblast level 1.5 negligible. There are 25960.:persons,13e/ievEkf to ?
. . ?? ? ?? . . .% ? . .
comprise the .intSrtecLi.ate goveilimetrt, cpptrol. fo'rcq.I.othisittitrrg vrtainly?of'?:. ? ? 4.?
? _ .
.. .
, . . ? ?? ? . : ,. ? ?
? ??. ,
: '.. ? -? ??
adminiStrative i so
?supervisor?perrmel ; of 'he oblai't: .a.iid....c.i?t& executive
? ' ?? :"..... ...
. . : . ? . ? ? , ??
, ? . . . . . ? . ? ? .: ? . . ? ?
committees, as ?izell as of .r-;?st?i:tirtioni?.funded thrs!tugll /ocal?buirgets... ..Th'e ???? ?
? . ?
?: ?
. . ?
largest? group of oblast government .zontrel. persbnite:1 are tile ?lattei ???aoir- ????? ? ? ' ? ? ?
.: . ?
?
? : . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? .. ? . .? . ...
..
trol persennel. 'retailing an eStfriated.9;903, ;they .ponsibt of acirril.n1...s- ., ? .. ?
..
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . .. ?
?? ? .. ??-
. ? ? ? ? ?
.. . . .. ? ??
. trative-superviier3i.? "personnel. of the rayon ?arid? W.11age ecedixtive .cor.rr-.:? ." ?? . ? . ??
. . ? ? . : . . ? . .. ? ? ? ????
?? ?? .
. mitteesi.as. well 'as' theit? ciez:ical aid other aides.--a..A.1 .fuiailect.through' . ?
. . ? .. . . ? ?
? . ? ? ?
? : . ? ? ? ? ?
?
:loc ?al budgets . (*from' the oblast level down).? ?
*. ? ? ? . .?
?? ? ? ? ? . ?
?
?
. ? ? ?' ??? ?. ? . ?
?
. . .% ? .
? ? ? . .???? ? ????? . . ?? . ??.?
The highest civil government ? organ in the. 91)1.apt. .the ' ? ? . ?
?
. ? . .? . ? ? . ?? . ? ??? ? . .
? ?
. ?Ilurmanskaya..Oblas.t Soviet. The xecti.tiki' committep bff ihe'3O4et? tarri:es ?
. ?
. ? ? ? ? ? ?
. ??? . ? .;
out Its ? fun? ations through ? Severed ??dAp-artaient?itict directo'ra.i4s .. ? ?Mesa ? ? ? *:. 2 . . ?
? ???
. /unctions, since the 'creation' of the liu.m4nskiy..Soimarkhoi';? ;ire almbii, : ? ? ? ? ?
. .
. ?
.? . . ?? .? . ?? ? ? .? ? ? ? ? ?
. . . ? ? ? ? ?
0 ? ? ?
entirely non-industrial :in riatv.re and are ? toncernetr?with only lot'ai needs. '
. . . . ? .. ? .
. ...
.. ??:. .? ?? ? . ? .
They include such cemniunal..s.ervices as 'health, education, ??spc.a:1* sectirity 4 . '... ?:*
. ? . ? .. . ... ..
? . -
: .? ? curtllre. , local transportation, water ;tulip**, police arid f???114e protection. ? ?': ?:?? ?
. ? ? .-.. ' ? ?
.? . . ? :
Local industry and trade also ar'e: lindgr. the urfadigtic5i? .o..1.? _tile' dx?eduti::Ve*:
, ? ? .: ? ? 4 *, ? ? . :.?
..
i. ? , ?? ? ,
! committees. ??' ? . ? ? ? ?
-?? ??? :? ? ? ? ? ? '? , ??'
? ? "?, .., ,
??,?
?. ?
? f . ; ? : .. ?
i . ? ? ..The oblast geveZnment organs are cuperv.ise.d and controlled: : ? ... ?
...? . .
? ? . .. . . ? . .
. . . . ... ? .. . ? .
. in 2 ways i? city; rayon,. and illage?.,eecutive commit:tees,..Fhich-carrk . ?? .. i
??
. ?..
out functions sitilidr to thoseof the ? ot;la:st'executive?commi.? ''''t?tee? and ? ? .? ? ?
. ?
? :
. ... . ??
*.which serve as transmission belts ? of. authority from above,' 1?.6. ??subordi-1 ? ?
. ? .
- ? ? ? . ? . . .:???? ? ?
. . . . ? ..? .
?? ?
nate to the next higher. ranking. ieyeiiment ..organ ?I:n-the:*abl.t: ? ktirmari- ?
? - ? . .. . :
. -
.. ._ -?
..? . . ? , . . .. ? . ? -
*ska:ya Oblast Executive Bennittee)...in .turn, is subordinate to the ..R;StR' ..?
? ? . ? ... . . , ??
? ? ? - ? ? ?
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.?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr
DP81 01043R00370019000421
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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?
???
. .
? ? ? . ? ?
. ? ? . .
?? ? ? ? , ? . ? ? ?? ? ? ...? . ?. ? ? ? . . ? , ? ?
? Ppuncil of ?Illaii6.ters:?(.14^ o.pid/a); 'a second channe.1" .COnitrOl as effected ? ? ? ? 7. . :
? . ? , ? ? % '? ? .
. . ?. ?. . ?? ? ? ? .
. . . . .
through the..Coin. inuniSt .Party ?At ' each c level in the admin i's?-?? ? ? :
? ? . ? . ? . ? .
.? ? . ?
? ? ? ? ? ? . ? ? . ?
? ? .. ? ?
. ? . .
. ? ?
. ? . ?
? ? ? it 6.11
? ? . T . ?..
?
? ?
?
. .. .
trat.iire hierarchy,' ?the:Igey. ? positions in the eneutive .ppmmitte4 cif 'tile. ...? .. : .
..
. ??
. . . . . ".? : ? ? . ? .. . . .. -
... ..i.:riett$ 'ine dcduiyied. by .Parfar members. ? ? ? ?
? . ? ? - ?? ? ? ? ?
? . . . . .
. ? ?
?? ...? ." . .. ? ? ??
? ?? ?
???.? ?
. ??'' ?? ? ? ? ". ? the obla.st ecqfieinic..cptitroi.torce? totals an estimated. 28;400... . ... ?
?? . . ? ? .., . . t ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? . ? ,:- .. ?
. .. . ? ..:? . . .?.
.. . ... . ... . ? ? . . ?? ? ? ??? .. 0 ? ? . ? ? ? : . .? . ?? .
? ?? . Of this ..t,o02. titd in'. e smae :.?da ? Ate ? corisidereci pr4snarY contrAl, per.scinnel, ? : . ? ? ? ?
. ? . . . ? . ? .. ? . .
?? ? ? . ? ? : ?
? ? ? .. . . ? ? .... ,..
? . ? ? .? . ? ? .
' -F?se..persOilk eepsdrfsible f.or...taapn qconomic. de?ci.siOns ..aild. pans which
? .? ? *
% .. . ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? . . . ? : : ''
? ? ?? ? . ? ????? ?? .? ? ?
.. : ... . ? ? ? ?
? .? ? ?
??? .? .?? ?? ? ? ?
? ' 7 ? ? ? ? .
?. ? ? ... ? . ?
... . ??? have natio.4??ri. de imizio.rt. .:J.fhe :Majority .of theteoccppy.positini *of ..a..iitticir- ? ? ? ? ...
. ?.:
. ? ? ? ? . ?,... ?
: : . .? ? ? ... .; ...? ?.? ? . ? . ?. ... ? ? tz .....? ? ??
? ? ? ? . ?
: ? ????
:. ? ity in ?f.tie."centbalapparatus of the .Mutmanskiv Alvnar.kaz?.: ?Alooilt, 900. . . *. . . ?? ..*...
? ?. ? :? ? ? ? ? . . ? .?
? ?? ? ? 0 .
2 ?? ? ? ? . ? ? .? ., ? f
.2 ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? ? ? ??
. ? ? ? ? . ? ??
% ? ?
? ? ? 0 ''' .
persons Millir1t6e ;ate Oble'st Inte?ipeda.a.te econeraie rieptrtfl:pgsorfrAe3.4 ::i :. ?.
*.?
? ? . ??
. ? ..
. .
...thv are: those litho 'are .ep6agdil:ln %lie,: r?9.63.1orta.1.1na'rtaxement? of" transporta..? . ' ..
. ? ? ?
? ?-? . it
. .
? ? . . ? %
? ? tion and-commtinida't?ii)ri; trade, 'supi0.71 Rr.ocurepaalv? .riZ.t coup...i.teritigi? . .. ..:. ..
. . . . .
. .. .
. . .
? ? ? ? ? . . . ? ? ? ? . % . ..
.? ? .. .
. . ? .? ? .
... na,... 'ettp.1.6yees of the Ta2.71,ortit brarl.ch. admi.n-.Otton4 -f tile. Mil.fratsnkiely? ' - ? ? ?
. .. . . ?
.... ? ? ? ? ? . : ? .
? . . ? . ?. ? " : ?? . ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? :- :.?
, ? ? ? 000 0 . ? . ? ?
.SOVn4rhd2: 0 . The ?lower .b.coiviliac? contral ?force ? is. f"2...s:tatiq..teti at.;?.,3113.69, . ??.??? ? ? ; ?
..
. ? ..?
. ? ? : ? ? ?
.. ?
? 96 per cent of.: thp total ?bleat.. ?scoppmic ..cpnt;r9l. f?oice% category .? ? ?
? . : ? ? ? '.? ? ?
? ? ? Iraciudeg? ar.person.in?adoinIstra-t.ivel. cf.....e2?.i:06.3:, ?ertr.tqolinical:po.sitione ; ?? ....... .?
: ? ? ? ? . ? :. ? .. ..
.. ? : . ? ? . :.*
? . : .. ? at ? the plant or eat e rpr...i...sc )..evey. . ?In Itfrinan9kaya?Pt;?.a.s, ?"thd ilto.j"oi^i.t.I. ? ' ...;.*. ' .. '.. .
. ? . ,? . ?
? ...? ? ? ? . ? ? ._ ? ... . ,
.. ? . . ? ?.. ? .. - ? ? .. . ?
? :.
...
are 'eng.tet-.1.? in.. ir.idils4,-:,ry? or br15-1:1-1.1c-0.orr,i the .1cl:est ate ? ill, agriculture. ?
? . . :
? . ?
?
. . . . . . .
t t ? ? ? ? ? .? ? . .
? . ? . ? ,Kithbug.t: more%respansibility., aFtd authority have deyolited? ? ?
? .? ? %
. ?? ??
:. .. ? ? .' . ? ? ? ? ???? .? - ? ? ?
.... uPo.n. loal.'adin.,inis.tza:tor5.arid?4encies i?iith. t;-,,e 'iorrfigtlan . of *the. ?Sovnar...: . '? ?? ?? '
. . . ? , ... ? . ? ?
. . .
? ? . ? . ? ? . . ? ? ? -
? %hoz., the centrp."1' government bag' not*r.elinqui.alied.: its*nbilers ?c:f ?super.:- ? ? ? ? ' ?
. ? . ? . ? . ? ? ? ?
. ..: . ? . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ..
..
. . vision-4nd -control:: *, %Tile Murmanslay Sovr;arichoz? is cillrectl.Y. suboridinate ? . ...? '' ? ? ??
? ? : ? : ? . ?
? , ?. .
. ; ? ... ? . . : . ? ? . . .? ?
? ???? .._..* ? ?? ? ? . ,
? ? ? ??? . ? ? ? ? .? .? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? . ? ?
. .
? ? ?
to the ?RussIan ?Repv.blic?.Cou.n.c11. of. niinisteps and all its decisions and
? ? ?? ...
).. . . . .
?? .directives must be-wit-ran. the fy"arnevork . of the lal?????s.p.f.t.,h,:.FS.izt ...Conun' cii: ' .. ? 1..* .
: . ??? :... ?:.? ? : ? ? . ?
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. ? . ? ? ?? ...
. ? . . ? . ?
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? ? . ? ? ' ?
...?
.? .? &f.Mi;ni..ttrs? and ..thQ ,kSFSR 'Courldii: .0.c Miziistersi .eth 64.1,?thi:p1::?d?an? revoke ;
:.
? ? ? ? .*
? . ?
??? ? ? . . . : ?? ? ? ? ?? ?
? ? ? ?11,Ari S..14.' tliey'. .
a.ne.? not.;? . .. . ?? ?
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? ? ? ? ? ? ?? . ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? at
? ? ? ? ?? '. ?
. ? ?
?. ? .. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'rho ?baic. structure of the Mlitmandk4.7 SO?vriktIchoz? his 1:5eerv. .
.: . .. .. . . ..
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. :: ? . ? :: . .: ?: ,
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'del-,e'fmi?iie.d by..t.1;e:'SFS)..T...odunt.?11. of 4id?Esi6-rp .. ? ?The .S?nimar khos ? he.S. ?? ? ? ?
..? ?
. ?
? man,. A vice--.chair.man , a. techriipaq. tont). cs "co?trneil?10.1.1.!-tfcc'. censult.ative ? ??? ? '
. ? ? .
? ? : ? .
. . ? ?
? functions, and functignal.:..,?depai:tments i T:i. iciditicin.,? if, ..1.4as? brdribh. in.cfu--.. . ; : ' ?
.? ?
.? .
: . .
. ? tri.rai -6.aminietra.tione'-'to.t.operatgft?Pfe..ind-Isti?iel. ent,erpri?sts...in.?tfte:'oblestit ... ? ?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014 4/10 . CI -
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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.?
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'5 E .0 R.E. T. .
? .
*.?
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, .
? - . . ..
. .. ? . . . . . . . ? . v . . .
. . .
...%. . ?which Vrere forilierly directly administered .by unioii, uniOn-republic, ??
".
... : ?
. ? ? - . ?
... .. .
, . .
% . . . .
'
? % : ? ?
? ?
. ? ? : : Ssepifidally,. the $ovnarkhoz. ?is charged with the fespcn-
. ? .? :
' ? ? ? ? . ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
. ? . .
? , sibility of elabOrp.ting and irriplementlrig current and long 'range plans .
.. ?? . ?
: , ? ? .
. ? ? dravn up by *RSYSR. Cospfan .(State lanning 'Commission) iri Mosicva, pro-
: Or republic:ministries.'
? ??
. ? .?
? ? ? ?
. moting industHil...spdcialia.ation, arr? anging 'the delivery' of raw ?:materials-
? ? ? ?
. ? ?
. ?
? . ? , **
? ? ,
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? ?? ?? ..:. ? ?
and semi-dniehed prciduc.,ts;..Fld?Ideberarinini iinandial and economic
.
. . . :-
? ? ? . t ?
. .
. ati'vities. of. sUbvrdinae apridies.
. ?
? ' ? ? ?
.. . ? ? ?
? ? . 0 : ... ? : ?
.. . . . . . .
. ..
?? . . A. rpoi?te..d 185. indatriar enterprises arid . construction
. .? ? . ... .
? ? .??proj?ects--^ practicany all .of t.tie.6131a.stis industry--are.?yider the opera- .
? . ? ? ?
. ? . ?
. . ? ? ... ?
0 i
? ? ?
. tional." control Of *.tlie-Iiiiiiianik-ly ?SovnarkhOz: Although the total number
.. ???????
. ? .? .?
... ,. .,
, .? .
. ?? ? ? . . . .
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .
. of branch industrial adraihiitratibns. is nbt k ?
r.iown th,to are reported to
..: ? ? ??.. ? . .
. J
? ? . ?
??
? %
.1:1? the A"drclinijratiOn of Fishing Inthfstry ??a'rid the. Aamj.n.i.stratiOn .o'f ? ??
? ..
. . . ?? . . ? . .
???
Z ?
?
?
? ?? ?
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.
?.
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? Construction' and Building. Materlals
0 ? ? ? ,
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would i.uggAt the ?likelihaLd
? ? ?
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. .
. ?
?
?
? ?
? ?
. ? ?
? ? ? ?
. , . ? . ?
Industry: Thb:dconolily of the region.
-
??? . . . ?
existelic? of :the ToI]..?wipg indua:triatr.
..
? .. ? . ? ? . . , . .
administrations' in :Eicidition: ? tlinihi and.Metallurg.ical Induaq, Timber.?
. .. ' ?
. ??? ? ... . . ?
. . ? .
,
and i;lood Processing 'Industry, !Light Ihduspil and Silipbuilding and. Ship- % ?
? ? ? ? . .? ? ??
repairing. MOSt c*Iff th.S anterprises:ividei- t:he Ilu?rmanskly
.
? ? . ? ? ??.?
. .? ?
. ? ? .? ..:: .
. ? ? ?natkhoz-are reported to be.-ehose;df. the fishing. inchistry.: The secoria ?
. .:
'
.,. ? . ? . ? ? . e
? ? ? ? ? ?
. latgek.nuillbet.are'p.rababIy:miping.and Ileiellurgical ehtprOises. .% .
?^ ? ??
,:. ? ?
^ . ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ' ? ? ? : ?Thete? is' ..s.orae..ieniious evidence' in.pthei. parts cif.. the USSR ? ' ? '
. ??? ? ? ? .... ? ? ? .. ? . ? ?
; ? ? ... - ? .
. of jur?sdictOnal Aisputes beIveen SovnarkhoOes and-OblAst Exetutive -
..?
??-? ??
.?
????
? ? ? f. ? ??
? .
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? - 'Committees which may reoult in the?broadenini of 'the jurisaiction?pf.
? .? ?
. ?
: '?
? ? ? ?
:the SOvnarkhoz?es. I.Th?ile; tile Oblast Exe6uti? ve?Coinm% ittee is* consid?ered
? ?
? the ?suprefile government organ. in an oblaet; .the Soltnarkh is not sub-'
. .
? ? .
? ?? ? .
' ?
ordinate to it, anq since it ig :We ? slipreirip economic ? agency in the
? . . ?? ?
. ? .
?
' ? ' ? ?
? obIast;:it' mS,. in i'aCt:exer cise piorel'irifauence than' the JOblas:t Execlitiv
? ?
. .
. . . . -:.. ? , ? ?
? ? ? . . ? ? ? ? . . . .
. " ?
?Commit-tee. Recent Fre's?s'i.rticles di.soussing the necessity of eliminating
? ? , . , : . .
%. .
?-.':".parallelism.P in the'.yory of the S?iarkhoes and. ?thd Oblagt Execirtiva? . ?
. ., ... ?
. :' ? _ . . . . - ? ? .? ? . . .
. . .
.. ? . Committ:eqs. have4enerally Ooposed Solubions.l.ihich. i,ncreaSe the authority
. ? ? :. % ? ?
. . ? ? ? . ?
? ? of the Sovnarkhoz,ps. AlthOugh therep:re :no.. specificexamples ?of such
:. . ?
? .. . :
.?.pr'oblefris in 1iurmanska3ra Oblast, they may well exist. ..:* ' :?? ?: ???? ? ? ? ,.?
???
. . ..
- .... ? . ? ? ? ? ? .. ? .? ? , ? .. . ,
. . ? . . . . . ? ?
. . ? . .? .
--... . .? ? ? . ? ?
. ? ? ? .? .?
.- .
? ?.? - ?19'.- -?
.?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? .?
? . ?
? ? ? ?
? ?
???
' ? ? .
?.!
' ? . ? ???
-? : ? . ? :.?? '
? ?S ? C .R T? ? ". ? . ? ?? ?
? . ?
? ??
.?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
?
?.?
A
?
???
? Population, Ethnic* CoMposition, and Labor Force ?
. .
. ?
? ? ? ? . . .
The principal .characteristics qf the. 1959 Population 'of Miirmariskaya-
?
. ? ? . ?
Oblast .are sunimarized ?in? Table. V.
'TABLE V .
SUMMARY OF bEMCOAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS,.
? MUR,LANSKi.,YA OBLAST: 1959 ? . ? ?
..? .
. .
. Total -civilian population ?? 552,000
. Total population (incl. militaryW 684,000
. Population density (persons per square mile)* . 9.86 ?
Urban population
. Per cent urban
505.,000
91.5.
.Population in working ages (16-59) . 340,032
'Per cent in working ages 61:6 ?
Females .per 100. males?in working ages 115
Urban labol- force . 238;000
. . Military ? perSonnel . 132000
? ? . Per cent of *Russians of total population 90. plus
' ? .. . ? .
-- Unless stated otherwisel.all references to population,
both in tables and*in text, refer to the civilian riopulation ?
Only.
. ? ?
The estimated 1959 Civilian population Of 552,000 represents an
'estimated 0.59 per cent of the total RqFSR pophlation and 0.26 percent.
of the. total USSR population.
. .
?Until the 1930.1s.Murmanskaya Oblast was a region of negligible popu-
? lation; over-all density was less than one Person per sauare mile. With
the reconstruction Of the MurMcinsk Railroad in 1923 and the launching ?? .
'the First Five-Year Plan.(1928 -1932); the economic development of the
oblast got underway. .As a reSult, the population of the oblaSt*experi-
. .
. . ?
epced a tremendous growth between 1926 and 1939, .increasing from 33,000 .
. .
tp 291,000 (see Table-VI). This growth of 781 per cent was, the result
.of heavy in-migration (much of it forced labor), particularly to .the
?
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I.
???
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' :
..ur:ban aTeas ot Murmansk kcenter-of the fishing industry) And,ftroitsk.
... ,
? ?e ? ?
.. . ? ? ?
, ? ? .
. (aPatite Mining center), which together accounted for 70 Der .cent 'of
??? ? ? ? ? ? .... .
?:. ?
'the total'oblast'populafion.in 1935. ? ..
.. .
? '
. ?
? . ?
? TABLE VI ?
. ? .
POPULATION CHANGES, MURMANSKAy:A CRUST: ??
? 1526-1959
. .
? Per Cent . . ? Per Cent. '
Year ? ? ? Total Urban Urban Rural Rural.
? ? :
.
,
1926 .
.
-33,000
17,000
?
51.5 .
16,000
1239
291006
245,000
84.2 '
46,000
15.8.
14/195E1
474,000
426,000
89.9?
.48,000
10.1
1959
: 552,00o?
505,000
91.5
47,000
..8:5
."
a/
? -? Estimated.
?
?
- ?
?
' ? ? Morld i4ar II had.a marked effect qn the population growth of the.
??
oblast.. There'was an exodus of significant numbers Of men to enter the . .
armed services,approximately half the population Of the dity.of Murmansk
was evacuated during the war because of intehsive German bombing, in-migra-
tion ceased, and the birth rate declined sharply.. The reported 1956
aation of 474 000 represents an increase of 62.8 per cent (183,000) since. .
1939?a growth pf 3.9 per cent a?year for the .16 year period. While this:.
is a muCh smallenrate of growth than occurred between 1926-1932 it is
'significantly greater than the RSFSR annual average growth of 0.26 per .
? ,
cent during this period.
The estimated 1959 populatibn of 552,000?an increase of 783000
. .
.sine April 1956?reflects a rate of growth greater than the oblaStts
natural increase rate, indicating that .in-migration of about 10714,000 - ?
. a year ha occurred since 1956.
Sizeable increments to the territory Of the oblast which occurred
since 1944 have resulted in n6 significant increase, in the population -
? of the oblast. The 8,110 square miles ceded by Finland in 1944 And .1947..
were almost wholly without population by the time. Of the transfer -of
?
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? ..
'territory. ,.The 242140 square' miles transferred 'from the :KaielskaYa .. ? ?
. ? ? .
. ? .
. ASSR:to Murmanskaya.?Oblast in ? 1955 contained few people...
"
The distinguishing feature of' the population of Murmanskara 'Oblast .;,.?
i's its extremely?high urban percentage, in. 1959 reaehing .an? estithated ?
? '91.5 per cent, the higliest urban proportion in. the.?Soviet 'Union. ? ?
? ?
Murma.nskaya Oblast; an area' little suited to agriCultuialeictivityl. ?
. .
? has "had an overwhelming Urban population ever sinCe the economic develop-
? ? ..
ment of the obla'st, was undertaken by the Soviet government in the .late
twenties. From ,an urban 'population of 17,000 in, 1926 (51.5. per ?cent lof
the total. population) I the urban population grew to 2145,000. in 1939 (an,
increase ?of. 1,341 per cent), constituting 84.2 per cent of the Oblast, .
. ??:,
. population. Since that date the urban proportion has increased to .90.0' .
pe?r cent ,in 1956 arid an. estimated 91.5 per cent in' 1959.. ,
. ? ?
The cities .Of Murmansk and Kirovsk accounted, for 93 per cent of the
. total urban population. in .105. .Today, they continue to be?the'major . ?
focal points of the oblast' s economic activity and contain over half of
.. the urban .population. ? The' population of Murmansk for selected years is
.shown in 'Table \Tn.
TABLE' VII
POPULATION OF THE CITY OF MURMANSK:
? . 1926-1959
Year ? Population ?
? ?
? 1926. ? 6,700
1931 29,200
1935 103,800'
1939 117,000
-1956 / 168,000
? 19592' ? 19t1,0.00
a/
? ? Estimated.
The 'rural population of Murmanskaya Oblast totalled an .estimated'
? . 47,000 in 1959--only 8.5 'pr cent of the total?population. Unlike most
areas Of -the USSR, Murmanskaya Oblast s rural population increased. rather,
- 22 -
,*
.3 E C Ft* E T
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??:
?
SE C .R E T
' ? ? ?
?
than tjecreaed betWeen 1926 and 1939...This is exPlained by the faCt : ?
? ,
? ? . . .
. that 'although' it constituted 48 pe cent of 'the totalpopulatiOn in? 19261
. ? . ?? . ? ?
. . . ?? .
iwabsqlute.number& ,it was very?sma1l--only.16,000. Therefore, it not
? ?.
only clid.not.serife.as a source' of urban growth, as.most.other'rural area&
did, but grew toiether with the urban population.. However, its' rate of ???
growth s'minute compared to the ?blast's urban 'growth.., .From 16,00p in
?
-1926 ii increased.to.:46,000. by 1939/LO--a' growth of 187 per sent .
(compared with.a 1'041 per cent urban increase). But, 'whereas in
. ; . .
1926:rutal poliulation.constituted 48 per cent of the total pc5pu1aion,
? in 1939/40 'it cOmpri6ed only l.7 'per dent.'. In absolute term's the'.rural
-population has varied little since 199/4d.. It reached 48i000. in .1956.
?
?
and declined slightly to an estimated 47,000 in 1959;
?
? ' ? ?. . .
. Although there.is little prospect of increased.agricultural activity
e?
. .
pfrural areas, the rural pqpulation may increase 'by'a modest degree as
. .
? ? new timber areas of the oblast become accessible tO exploitation. ? '
...Increased 'road and rail construction has opened up thii
. .
'The. ,age pattern in Murmanskaya Oblast varie* from the Ove'-all USSR
? ? ? . *.
pattern, the, population pf the' oblast having a larger proporfdon qf
? younger people (see Table The 0-15 group, foi- example, constitates.
?
? ?
? ?
?
an estimated 33.9 per Cent of thetotal oblast population'ampared with ?
the USSR aNerage,of 29.3 per cent. The 60 plup group..in Murmanskaya
. Oblast is estimated at.4.5 per cent of the total oblast 'population--a
- little?more than half the USSR average of '8.2 per cent. Within. the 16-59
? group, the greatest number of people are in thechild-bearing?ages of
? -
? 20-.40--d conclusion indicated by the high oblast birth rate (32 per thou-
: sand-in.1956 cprfipared with the USSR average ot,25 per thOusand).,
?
.TABLE VIII ? ?
*AO Croup
ESTDIATED ACE
Male
.
?
AND SEX COMPOSITION:
Female Total
1959
.
?
Per Cent
0-.:15 ?
.16-59 ? -
60 plus . ,
Total
.
93,000
158,000
14000
.94)0o0
182,000
.14,000
187,000
31j0y000
25;000
? .
33.9
61.6
4.5
-
- . .
262,000,
290,000
552',-000
100.0
,? - 23 -
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??
?
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S.ECRET
?? ? ?
:
The:relatively?young population of the oblast is:refl.ectedn its.
. .
maleLfemaie ratio. The 8ex ratio of the tOtal oblast populationis?
. ?'?
. ? ? ?
1107 .females per.100'males contrasted with the USSR 'average' of 113.5. :
? . ? . ? ?
Hfemdles pera00 males. Within the 16-59 age group,' there' are an :
mated.115:2 fethales?to 100 males compared with the US5R average of?117.4.
'The 60 plui.bblastpopulatiOn has an estimated-127.3 females to 100...
. males in Contrast to 140.8 for the.USSR as a whole:.
. ? .
.*
? The 'ethnic composition of the oblast?population'is predominantly ?
?
Russian. In 1926 before the'large in-migration of settlers, Rnssialis. ?
? ?
?
, ?
comprised about 73 per cent of the total p4ulation. In 19.34,?hey com- ?
. . ?
- ,prised'about a9 per cent. *Today they accOunt for more than.90 per .cent .
. .
? of the 'total population. .Lapps (9aamis),.Komi, Izhemtsyl.Finns, Karei- ? ?
klentsy (Samoyeds), and Norwegians constitute the majority of other
?'nationalities in the area. AusSians live chiefly in the?urban and-coastal"
areas. The minority groups are located mainly in the .interior nonurban.
areas, particularly in the east-central part of 'the .oblast. Kareliahs
are,found in the SW pari of the oblast. .A small grobp or Normians live
on Kildin Island and in the Kola Gulf area.'
The population density, of Murmanskaya Oblast, less tham1G.persons
?. ? ..
? per square mile, is lower than the RSFSR average (18 perSons *per *square ' ?
mile) and is the lowest of the administrative divisiohs in
.region. Approximately-78 per cent of the total pOpulation
in-urbah areas located along or, near the N-S Murmansk rail
Map IV). 'The remainder of the urban population i6 located.
the N.Orthwest .
is concentrated
line.(reTer to .
?
on branches of-
.
'the :Main Murmansk'line or in:the re4ion of the Kola Gulf;a.few urban set,
tlements are located:oh the shores of the Barents and White' as.
The rural populatiOn is situated mainly on the coasts.(4.the White
and Barents Seas or on inland natural 'waterways, river .or maritime- trans-.
portation being ih most instances their only means of contact' with other'.
t..
? ?
?
areas. Thera are large areas of the oblast wholly' devoid'oT population.
Distribution of population by the administrative divisions of the oblast
?
- is shown *in Table TX. .
-
SW.E
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?
.?
?._
? S C fr.E T ' ?
? . ? .
?
TABLE IX
? .. ? ? . ? ? . ? ?
. ESTItt;IATED POPULATION BY .ADMINIk?RATIVE-
? ? ? . TEMITORIAL? DIVISION.: .1959. ? ?
?
Population
???
s?
Division .
? City 'Of .Murtansk:
? Kirovsk . ? ? ?
Administrative Area
? MOnchegorsk
? Administrative Area
. 'tin thoUsands).
.Urban Rural : Total.
. .
203.d 203.0.*
.
80.0
'2.2. . 62:2 ,
64.0 65.1 :
.%
? Rayons:
. .., ?
Kand?alakshskiy ? . .57.0 . ? 9.5. . 66...5: ..
Kolskiy 41,0 4,2. : 45!.2. ...
:J.,Ovozersfciy ? . 3.0 .. 4..3 ?? %
.
Pealengskiy. 23.0 ne?gl. 23.0 ?
Polyarnyy ? ? 19.0 4.3. .23.3
Saamskiy 3.0. 3.2 . 6:2 .
. -
TeriberOdy 4.0 6.144. . .12. 14
Terskiy . 8:0 . ? 11.8 '
?Total. ? 5O5.0. 47.0 ? ? :552to
The 1959 estimated civilian labor fore of 268,000 in Miirmanskaya
Oblast represents 148.6 per. cent of 'the civilian population (see Table X).
This relatively low percentage is due, at least in part,.to.the relatively
? ?
.. ?
large 0.-15 group in the oblast.
?Ilie principal components Qf the cprilian labor foc'e in the oblast ?
are.shoWn in. Table XI.. Being an area of little agricultare, the oblast.
has a?sMall percentage Of collective fanners and a high pei-dentage of
?
?
workers. and employees. ?
25
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. ? :
?????
???... ' .?
..? ? . ?,S ?C ???
??? : ?
.? ? ?
:
?? :?. ?
?. .'?TABLE X .. .:
. ... ? .
.. ? ?.? .?
.? : .?
.. .? : ... .. . .?
..
... ..
. ? ESTIMATED' LABOR P.0RCE1: 159-.: .. ,.
4
0
. ...
? . .? ? Category -. ' Nultipef' :
?
. .. .:
.? ?
? ..
???
..? ....???
? ? ?
. . ?
?
:
.?
.. ?
???
?:.
?
.
.? (Military) . .. ? tod,000: *.
. :
' Total labor fTce 1.
? ?
???? Per.cent.of tbtal pip.. ' ' *(132,.000) .'
** 58,:*5 . : ? . .
.? . ,
. .
? : ;?,
?
: . ?
. 'Civilian labbr f&r4 ? ? ? '268.A0
e4..
:
Per cent of total labor force ..''''. .67.0
? . Per ceirt,..of
'Pr cdhtof iv
w.orking. ages .(16:59) ? 14....i ? ....
e, cil*? 1:61). ?
. -.
.,,
. .
???
? .Urban labor force: ? ? % '.2.18.A00
. Per tent of civilian'laPor force ? 88.8
Pei cent of urtian:pop.... . ?? 47.1
.
Rural labqr.forpe . . ? . 30160d. .
? ,Per tent of .civilian labor force. ? 11.2
? Per .cent.of rural pop. ??? 63..8
. : .
.? ? : . :. . ? . . ?
:.?
. .
? TABLE Xi '? . ??
? : -
. .
? ? . . : .
.
ESTIMATED CIVILIAN:CATEGORIES'OP EMPLOYMENT.f. .1659 .. .
, .
. ?
? ? ??
... 'Number 13&x.? rierit ? .:
- ? ? ?? .
...
. Category .. ? . %. (in ttiousanai)* of Total .. ?
. .
? .? .. . ? ? ?
. NOrkers'and arriployee./ ed? % 2300 858.
.?
.Collective farmers ? : :? . :.?
. and families Of workers? .
,
: and employees, in Private. . .. : .
.. agricu;ture ?:? ? ? ? ?? 22.6 . .'8,2 %
' Others!2'/' ' ? '. :' . 16.0.? . ? :6.o ,
:
. . . . . : ? ? . ?
Total: ?68.(5 : ? %'..100.0 ? ?
. ?... .. ??
? ? . ? ??
?
air-
? ? Includes: cooperative workers.
?
b/
? Includes self-employed; nOn-609perative hanaicraAs-
? men, Party 7orkersland speoia.1'...de*ense..wotkers.' '
? ? ?
, ? ?
- ,
p E C 11
? ? ?
.0
' ; ? ? ? .
,.. 1. ?
? -??
?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
:. ?
. . ?
s'. ?
: ?
? ", ? .
. ? .5 E. R E ?
. ? . .
. ? .
. ?
? :
? ..
? ?
. ? "
?
Although' pxior to 1953, forced ,laborconstituted a: sigitaqt
. ? ? . . ? .
?
? . ? . . . .
-perbentage of th6.1abor ?force. ih4urman? skaya Oblast, it Is believed ?
' ? ?
?: ? :.
? ?? .? ? ? 0 ?
? ? ? ? ??
t? ,o be. a fiegli'gible Tactoor? today as a consequance of the 'amnesty decrees.
. .
? . ipsued, be weef1.1953 and 1956.. . . . , ? . ? .?
? ?
? ? ? ? ? .
. .. .: ? %. :The. urt;an labor.' Three of .238,000:: cOnstittes an egi:imatd 88.8. pe.r ? %
o
. ? ? ? ?? ?
e ? ? ; ..:o
? ? ?
.. . :cent of the -total 'labor far.be and 1.1.7 per cent of the .11:rban:popu1atioN:
. . . ' ? ' . . . . . ? . '...: . ? ?. '
: ... .- ? ? ,
Industry and trarispoitationl comprise the .Iargest segments of fpe urban' ?
? ?. . .
.. ? . . . ? . .. . .
: . labor force. .0f the estimated- 230,000 wpi-kers and ?employees..bolnpripidg' ? .*
. . . ,
? ? ?
? ' ?
??
. . .
? ? . tie total ciyilian 14or forcer appOxim.ately 90.4 her terit are in. the ?
. : ? ? .
? utban labor forge. The distribution of .worker and empldyees within the ?
?. ?? . ? ? . ..? . ..
. . .obladt'is shgwn in Talple 1(II. ?, . ? .
?
:. ? . ? ? ' : . .
. .
. ? . "? .
?:,,: . . TABLE XII: ?
? ..? . .
. . .. ...? ?
% ? . ? : ' ESTIMATEpaISXRIBUiION OF WORKERS
? ?
. ? AND EMPLOYESi? 195p ? .
.. .
.. . ?? . ....: .
. ? ? ?? ? .
' ?
. . ? ' ? '?? ?, ?/
?.6 ?? ??Adminletrative ? ? ? Number-eY" ?? ? a .?
? 'Diviiori, , ??? " thousands)'
? ? ? ..
? ? ?? b/ ?
?? .??
. City cif :Nurmarisii. . ? '950:-: ?
.?
?. ??. City of Kanciala.ksha ,'?:.? .
* . .. e
?.? . ?
. . . . Kiravsk*AdTinist?rative Ares '? .. ? ?'32.7
: '?? .MOn.ehegoi-sk. Administrat.tive Area % : . ? 29..7 ? ? .
' ? ' .CitiF:of Seveiciniorsk . ..: . . ..... ' ? ?
. : . Aclminist.rattive? Area % 1.6
k ?
... KaridaaksEskiy Rayon 12.2 .
.
. Kolski:y itayan: ? -.
..
.. .Lovo2:erskjy:Raion ? 3.14:
. Pechengskiy. RayonI.O.4
? , ? . ' ? Polyarnyy Rayon' ? 3.)4 ? ..? :
?
? ? ? ? . SgatsKiy Rayon:. ? . - .
. 0.7..
. .
?
? ? Teriberskij' RaYon. 2.5
: -?
? ferslci.:y? Ryon, ' ?'5.5
. .. .
.. ? ? ? ? ? ?
' TOT/1 :-.
? ?? 224.7
."?
?
?
???
. Per *Cent
;of. Total :
?
41.46. ? ? . .
6.7.
12.2
97:7
% a/ ' : ?
? ? The .5,3?00.woricers and .employees cdMprising 2.3. per cen^ t. of . the
itate.1 number of woiers and employees which 'are hot di:stri6uted. by. ?
administratiye division .arc possibly migratory -46rkers.'
. . .
? -? ? Almost. 50 per cent of *iiurmanski s workers afe employed in .the
? fishink, industry.
??
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? ? ?
???
???
: ??
? ? ? ? ?
S.? E. C R .T ?
;?
? ? ?
. . .
? .% . .T.lie 'rural labor'force is estiniated plt 30,000, of Witich an esti- _.
? ...)
:.%. ? % ? ? ?
ymated.73 per.&rit are workers and employees.. Mos.t%of the workere and ?
. ? ? . . ? ? ,. ?
: employee in rural?areas?are engaged in fotestry,'on?stat?arms1 apd .'
? %'? ? ,
. ? _ . . . ? ? .. .
? ? ? ?
:in the eAtraction of ciinstruction materials. Less?than'25Ter cent of .
. ? . ? .
. ? . - %
. - ??
the rural.labcri force ?.re on collective fahms or fishing artelsw '.
,: ? :Approximate1y.41.per cent of the total number of:wbrkers.and
. .. ?
. ? ?
. .
. ..
emPloyeei are emplqed in industry. The second largest group--15.4 -
. :
per cent--are 'in tranjportation. Table XIII shows the.diqtritiutipn ' ?
?? .
of.worketi-and employees by sec-Wr of emplbyment. .
TABLE XIII
?
. ESTIMTED DISTRIBUTION OF NORKERS AND
? .
EMPLOYEES BY SECTOR OF EMPLOVENT.: 1959 -
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
. ? ?? ? ? Number. ? Per. Cent .
Sector of Employment (in thousands). . of TO-61.? .
?
'
Industry ? 93.4
? ? -Construction 32.7
.State 'farms and subsidiary
agrioultural enterprises 4.1
MTS(RTS) * 0.2
Transport.z.b.ion
? ? Railroad 10.3. ? %
?Water 6.9
:A.ptomotive and
.'other transport., ?
treight loading and
. .unloading ? 18.1
Communications . 3.2
?Tradel procurement.l.and
supply 11.5
Public. dining 4.6
EducatiOnl.research,
'and.cultural institutions 11.0
Health- ? .. 10.6
Credit . 1.0
Goverment administration 3.5
? Other ? 18.9
? ?
? TDTil, ?
? 230.0
:7.9
? 1.4
? _ ,
5:0
? 2.0 .
? 4.8.
.4.6.
? 1.5
.8.2
100.0.*
???'
???
? , .
a./%* ' ? ? :. ? ,.
. - .Incluaes employment in geological prospecting organization;
drilling, *capital repairs, forestry, municipal hotoing,-and?other
types of enterprises not enumerated above. ? .
. .
? ?
???
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?
. ? ?
. - : ? , .
..Women comprise -48 per 'cent of the total number of'Workers?and ?
?
?emigoyeeb (slightly.higher?than the RSFSR average of 47'peroen4). ? ?%
. .
?4?1hile.the?peicentage of women in industry is lover' than f.op the RSFSR
as a whole.(40 per.cent as compared with the RSFSR?aveage?of ).8'per
. ?
. .
pent), this is compensated for by:markedly hiiher percentages mother':'
. ,
. ?.
? ECRET
,
? ? ????
z. ?
categories (see table' XIV),.
. ? ?
? ' ?
TABI:E XIV
? . ? . . ?
. .UTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN OF TOTAL NUMBER OF
??
WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES BY SECTOR OF.
? ? EMPLOYMENT: 1959
? . ? . ?
Sector of EmpidyMent ? .Murmanskaya Oblast. ?
.?
?
BSFSR:?:..
..
..
?
Industry. _ '.
40
? ?
? W.
Constimation %.
39
?
34 .
MTS ?(RTS). ?? ? .. ? ?
17
.8
State Farms and subsidiary ?
agricu1tura4..enterprises .
65
?
'f45 ?
.
Transpoxtation and cdmmunication
36
? ?
56.
?
Trade, procurement, and 'supply
80
64
publio dining . ?
90
87
Education; research and
..
'cultural institutions
81
71
Public health' ?
94
?
88
. ?
Government administration,
.public organizations, credit
'
and, savings institutions
69
? .
54 '
' ? -The Percentage distribution of worker's and employees by sector of
?pmploYment.has undergone no significant change since 1950. .There have
-been slight decreases in the percentage in agriculture, trade, construe-
, ?
.:tion, and administration, and a slight increase in the percentage of
w6rkers and :employees in industry since 1950.
With regard to the distribution of workers by branch of industry, .
there has been more' change. Table XV indicates the change that taNe . .
. . .
'occurred between 1960 and 1955.
Iyie 1959 percentage distribution. of. industrial Workers_is estimated,
, . ? .
to be Similar. to that of. 1955. The percentage of wOrkers in mining will
prgbably cdntinue to increase as more of the v'irgi'n mineral wealth of
the oblast is tapped.
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: ?
. . ?
? ? ?? ?? ????
. ? . ?
??
SE CRT
. . ?XV. ?
? . ?
?
?
PEROENTIL6E DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL' ; ?
.11TORKERS BY.BRANCA OF INDUSTRY:. -1950-1955:' ' ? ?
. .
? Branch of?industry
1950
? .?
:
:
?
%
'
E1ectri9 power' .. ?
Mining-/.? ...?
: Forestry . ? .
Production of building materials
Metalworking
Cldthing.;
Food processPlgY
:
Printing : . '
.. Wood prOcessing
. Other, '
Total
1.7
q.7
10.5
? 4.8
15.3
3.6
?22.8
0.4.
? 7.9
25, 3
100.0.
? ..
131'
:6:.;
6.9
?.6.7
10.9
. 3.7 ?
28.1.
' .0.3
.9.2
22.1'
2/ Lti,erally "chetical mining" (gOrnokhiticheskaya):
Probably refers primarily to the mining of apatite and '
. nepheline, excluding the mining of copper, nickel, iron'
pre., etc, which may be included in the "other" category..
?
? b/
Primarily processing of fish.
- ? ?
? The number of specialists working in. i4urrrianskaya Oblast as of
tecember 1956 was 19,11i9--9.14 per cent of the tot.al.number:of?workers ?
?
and employees, a lower percentage than the over -allAJSSR average oQ 12.5
?
per:. cent. .Of the total number Of specialists, 36.1; per. ceht were grad- '
? -
?
uates of higher educational institutions. The' remainder were?semipr'o-
,
feSsionals trained :in Specialized secondary schools.
Of the professionals, 36.4 per cent were engineers, 26..6 percent
were teachers) and?16.6 per cent were doctors. Of the ?semiprofessionals,
? . ??? .
4113ei.cent.wer'e technicians, 28.5 per cent were tedical aides, and 13,2
per oent fqere. elementary and nursery school teachers. ,
III. Psychological and Sociological Factors
A. Political?and Social Tensions
There.is no evidence indicating a significant potential for
resistance in Eurm4nskaya Oblast. The absence of any sizeable pinority
group -which might serve as a nucleus around which anti-S6Viet .sentiment
could'crystillize and the high proportion of military personnel and Party
SEC.RET
4?
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??
,
. StCRE T.
?
? ..? ?
???
?members in the ariaobviate the likelihood of'anTactive resistance.
? ? .
. ? . PI4re is:undoubtedlY some discontent and'resentillent..of ^ 4 .
. . . . ?
. . ? . ? . .
political natUre, although to what extent id unknown.. A 'residue of antagn
. . ? . ? ? . ?? ? ? . . ? ? ???
?
onistic sentiment probably exists among the segment of ihe popula^ tioh who'.
. .
'entered the bbfaSt in the 1930's as forced laborers, were later ahneitied
but forced to remain.as settlers in the oblast. .However, this,resent-
ment prebably would not result in anti-regime activity sinte the status
.? ? .
of those whO.harbqr such resentment is an improvement over.their:prior. ?
onp. -The efforts of the present government to dissociate itself from the
harshness of the Stalin regime may have resulted in mollifying .this resent-
ment:
. ?
?
The preSence of a:large number of.military'enjoying better
?
li4ipg.conditions than the rest of the population?may be the cause of ?
tension; particu/arly in the area of Murmansk and its northern environS.
where the heaiiest concentrations of military'exist.. .t the. same time,
such tensions are .bound to be fruStrated As the?cause.of these tensions
is also the deterrent to any ()Vert manifestation.qf them,
? ? Dissatisfaction. with living conditions, particvlarly with inad-
equate And jaCor'housing, is a continual source of-discontent. Nonfulfill- ?
ment of the oblast housing plan for several years" and a Short.age of cam-
munal facilities. ..have been reported.. A 1958 Soviet press report stated'.
. .
'that in the -city.of Muimansk "goods of primary necessity" are'often..,
.
unobtainable. .
?
Discontent among the youth in the ?blast has been a matter of
concein.to the.authorities. Poor working and living conditions and lack'
of cultural facilities are said to have left the youth no recourse but to. ?
engage in. "drunken bouts and 'card games", which, are reported ad."rampant
in-Murhansk. Wages of young workers are often low because of enforced
? ?
?
periods of idlenees resulting from badly organized work and lack of tools.
Plant dormitories are reported to be in a pobr state of repair. Short-
comings in Komsomol activity ha4e resulted in young'men and women' being
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?
.8 E a R .E .
-
:
. . ? ? ?
..? vulnerable?t.:. O religious influence to the extent-that'an itinerantpriest- .
? ? -
. , . .
Succeeded in:q*ptizing. a large group .of young people, inCluding the ?Itom-
- ? ? ? . ? ?
. ?? . .
$6moZ?secretary and his as4istant at a lumber camp. Because Murmanskva ?
, . . . ?
OblaPtds a: frontier oblast, having a great number of sailors who travel
abYoad, concern has, be61. expressed with regard to the influence' of?"our- ?
..geois ideologists." Some youth,. particularly students, are said tO have
bei "caught in the 'web of enemy propaganda" and have expressed "unhealthy
Views qn Our life."
?? ? . ? ?
-Ethnic 'tensions are probably minimal .in the oblast. Russians:
make up over 90 per cent, of the population, the remaining 10 Tier cent com-
? prising seyeral ethnic minorities (see SectiOn II). The small number of
? people living in rural areas where communal facilities?and medical ser-
. 'vices Are?often poorer than in' urban areas makes their disoontent'unim-
. .
. ? ?... ? ? ?
poitant. The lack of any sizeable intpllectual center in the'oblabt
? .
(there is no University'and only.2 schools of higher education, both'spe-
??
? cialized) is Also a ? factdr?militating against overt resistance:
..?
??
Xivil.Defense
. .-Because of its strategic border location, MUrmanskaya Oblast ?
? :: ? ? 1
.. -' .. .
is undoubtedly the locus of a significant amount of civil.defense activity,
. ?
?
?
? ?
? ?
?
?
although there' is Iittle'specific information available confirming this!,.
?
.? %
The Soviet UniOn has ail elaborate civil defense plan, but the extent to
? ? .?. ?
whicivit ip implemented in the oblasi is unknown.
.1 .Civil defense ,in hirmanskaya Oblast is primarily the respon...
. . .
? sibility of the oblast MPVO (Local Civil.Pefense) organization .And bOSAAF ?
.(The Society for Cooperation with Army, Air Force, and Navy),.. Other:organ-.
. izations, including the 'ablest Red Cross, have supporting. functions. Accor-
? ding fo'the 1195R civil defense plan MPV0 and DOSAAF groups are formed at,.
all adminiktrative levels within the, 'oblast as well as ,in organizations
.such 'as, industrial .enterprises, multiple clwellings, and dollective farms:
14PV0 is. responsible for the organization and planning of .civil
defense in' the oblAst. It has repreaentatives assigned to.posts At all
'
?
. S.ECRET
???
?
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;t
..?
?:.
E C R?E .
? . :
? ? ?
.:.?
levels gf goyernment..down to the city. and .rayon level a6.well?as to.
. - .
major inStallations such as factories, ports, and railroad eentera..:.
?
. ?
?
? .. ? ?
? ? ? ? ?
?
MPVO personnel also' play: a'role in the approval of new construction. .
andtown planning. MPVO "groups of self-defense,"..the baPic qivil.
? ?
? . .
. defenae^ ?units,.are foymed in industrial enterprises, dt4ellings, and,
collect:iVe earths,.^ These groups, relatively inactive in ? peacetime,:. .
? :
you'd. Perearm, in case of war.or threat of war, such necessary funations
as warning of an impending air attack, enforcing blackbut regulations,..'
- .? ?
maintainin Order, protecting property, fire-fighting, antich'emical...
defen8e, and rendering first aid. ?
?
MPVO is an arm of the MVD. Each link of the'MPy0 phain Of
'. command ha S -dual subordination to?its'next highest administrative unit
? and to the MVTorganization at its own level; On the national level
? **the MVDJs GUMPVO (Main Administration of Local Civil Defense)1 principal
government.a.Oncy for directing passive civil defense, 000perates.closely
t116 O'Sg*Ministry of Defensels Office of:PV0?Strany Del ense
. of the Country), which cqordihates and monitors active civil defense.
. .DOSAAF :is the main civil defense training organization in the
- obldet.and therefore plays 'a more aqtive role in peacetithe than MPG.
It is.subordinate to the Miniitry'of Defense (Moskva). DOSAAF groups
?
are:forthed at the various administrative levels within the oblast 'as
...well as in faqtliwies; farms, .schools? and dwellings. in addition to' '
? its function'of.training the "whole" .population in defense against con-
? ventional' attack," atomic attack, and chemical and bacteriological warfare,
? DOSAAF Organizes and promotes such militarily related attivities as
para-
chuting; target shooting, radio technology, and seamanship.
,Since Murmanskaya Oblast is an important border area; civil: ?
? .defense training is probably the object of particular attention. In ?
January 19.58 the MUrManskaya Oblast DOS40 organization was' sharply ?
criticized for serious shortcomings in its civil defense work. The
% ?
spreading of, civil defense%information was said to be unsa{:iseactary.
?
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e?
. ? ?
. ?
?.S.E C R E.T .
.
.? .
:
In'addition lack of enthusiasm and drive in.the POSAg.???orkaniz.a:-.
: , ... ? . . ? . ? ? ??
0 ? 0. . . ? ? ?
:
tions .in carrying6ui their defense responsipilitiesIdt iias Charged I
? .. ? ? ? ? ? .
. .
...
that.. an of ihe decisions taken by the'DOSAAF predidium'were?nevei
carried out. ?Thislias due.in part it wag stated, to a.lack.cf coordi-
nation. betweerrprimary?DOSAAF groups and the ?blast oreanizatiOn. Since.
the February' 1958,:na.tiona1 DOSAAF:a9ngre'ss pit repewed.qmphasis
on tratn-
ing of the population .n civil defense, some of these deficiences may
? have been corrected. There id ho'aVailable evtdehce of .the cOnstrudtion
. .
. .
..of air raid shelters dr reinforced basement dhelters'in the Oblast. The
. ? ,
? USSR?civil defense'plan, however, provides :for the contruction of Vase-
*ment. dhelters in new public buildings, fact;oides, schoolsi.%and apattment
Murmanskaya Oblast is moderately well suited for.tlie cqn-
.struction of tunnel type of.undergrbund installations, except in the SE.
.. , . .
?
? ? .. ? ? . .
Most of. the oblast. is poorly suited:for the construction of bunker type
... . . ..- . . . ? . ? ?
. ?
? 'of shelters; the .SE id moderatelywell suited for such construction. . ? :
. . ,
.
The Soviet Union has not stressed the concept of evicpation iir
? ' ? ? ?
event Of :aix'attack, although the possibility exidtd that some Soviet :
. .
? cities may be evacuated 1f time permits. airing.11orid War Ira COnsidef-.
able proportion of the population of the city of Muriiiansk was evacuated. .
by, the. N-8*Mtintiansk rail line. 'Givensufficient%time, this would be.ihe .
? .
?
most feasible, perhaps the only, evacuation rduto for. any'large-ecaIe
. ? . ? ?
raigratdon'cut of the oplast into the interior of the -couriliry.: Air evac.-
? .
? . ? ? . .. ?
. , ? . . .
? uation would accommOdate only a limited number ofpersond.. The oblast
. ,
. ? ? .
.has no inland watergays that could be used as evacuation routes..? Most
. ? .?
of the rivers.in. the oblast are not navigable, being characterized.by
. . . .
rapids and turbulent currents. Good roads are extreTely soarce, and'
.. ?
roads of any kind are absent.in many parts of :the oblast, The oblast ?
is unsuited. for crost-country movement bY tracked .vehicles because of ?
the presence of rugged, steep, rock-strewn slopesl.forest?. and swamps.
:?
?Such terrain would make cross-country movement by footaiso,extrethel.Y ?
difficult. The mattfeasi4e natural routes for movement in the oblast
. . :
-31 -
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????
??
.??
? ?
. ? .
SE ET
???
. ? .
are the NIS valleys which intersect, N-S Mountains::
. ? ?
. .
'The N-S.Mtirmansk rail line tuns along zilch a valley. Excessively wet .
. ? .
? ?
ground_in'the spring' and the fall' is an Obstacle to toOt orivefIcciaar
. ? ? : ?
. - . .
.movement. Some. local mdvement,:in?wintpx*. would be possible.alOng "4nter.7.
. ? ?? ? . ??
? ? roads" which. Utilize frozen .soils and ice-Tp.vered Water?bbdies. Lo4
- .
temperatUre's*, however, would make fo:ot br.sle.d travel: of any aktended
% ?
? .. .? ?
? . ? .
? . . ?
duration an arduous?undertaking?in WiYiter. JX.ttle prOtective natural .
? ?
. ? ?
ie a7ailab1e along and inland from the Rand E *coasts. In the.S .
? ?
cover
? and 1.1
? ?
. ?
? . .? ? . . ? ? . ?
foists are more .abundant and provide'good ebver.
' ?? ? . . :% . % :
. There is ample.pota6le?surfaceratei- availabld:in the oblast,
?
?
? ? ?
? ... . .
? . ? ? ? . ? ? ? ?
even in in.t.he winter. when many.of?the lakes and river are frozen. Since:.
. .
? ?? ?? ? . ? ? ? ? ?
-
, ... ? . ? . .
,most of the ?regionis agriculture is concentrated In or.neav uitan 'area's, .
. .
. ??
: . ? ? .
? ? . ? ?
a...steadily decreasing.fdpd supply would be met with as one -bra:welled'''. ?
. ?
. ? . - ? : .
. . .
awar.frot them, although..*ild game, and birds would'bp.a possiblCsource. .
... ?
?? . . ? ? : ?
.? ? . .
, ? ? ? ? ?
'of kood in the nohilrban areae and 'fish could be. obtined from the numer-
? ?
? ? ? ? .
? ? ???
?
?
e
? ?
. ?
. .
. ?
, ous rivers.and lakes. ? -
: :Ci. Medic*a.1
?
? ? ? . .
'Murrianskaya?Oblast?has a' higher incidence per l,000.popAlatiI ?
? ?
??
? ? ? .,
. . . ?
of doctors, d6ntiits, Middle medical personnel (Caldshers and midwive);
. ? . . ?
?? .? . . . ? ? ?
.and hospital beds than the RSFSR.o/: the U5SR as a: thole (see Table .X1f1): '
. ? ? ? ? e . . ?? ..
. ...
TABLE .XV1`
-
**MEDICAL P-4S0DI1]'EL AND: FACILITIES:' .
? JANUARY,,1956 .?? ? ?? ?
?.?
Doctor's Sec. Med..Peronnel HOspiial 'Beds:
. . .
?
?
? ? ? ?
? .
?
? ? ? ?
? '? ?
? Territorial' ? 'Per .
.? Division- ? Number Population Number
?
Per 1,Q00 . ? ? Per ?..1000L
Populatign Number Populdtion
???
??:
? ?
?
. .. ?
?.
? ? ,
?'.
.?
USSR ?
j10.;1'75
1.6 .
800,000
?
'4.0'
1,288,890
6.4
.
RSFSR
163,401
a.6.?
'578,900
.5.1
? 761,02
:
. gurmanskaya..
? Oidast
?
1,081
'
2.3
3,4141
7.3
?:3913
.
? ,
8.0.
?
?
? ? ?
Oblast facilities fOr training' medical personnel .are ektremely limited;
?
th9re are no medical schools for training doctors, aithough :bi-iere is
. school for'otrainingo.secondary medical petSonnel
?? 35 - ?
?
???? ?
0.5 .E R El
s?
?
in? Kirovskb
? .?
a
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?
.?
. ? ,
:? ? ?? ?
? ? ?
?.
. ?
? ^ -.
? E.0 R'i T?? ? . ?
. .
: -
Ifitribut5.on.d.thedioa1 personnel. atid.faailities within-the
: ?
. " . ? .
Oplasi IS?shawn: in Table XVIt. Each large city and, each rayon has .at ,
" ?
? ? . ? ? .
. . ? ? ? ? ? . ? ?
-
least one hospital; each collective farm medical assistant and. Midwife.
?
'il :... ? ? ?
. ?
:
biations..Thpre?are 3 sanitarium in the 'oblast; lath 'a tOtal'of'250'.??
- : : ?
, -
?" ?
. ? )3eds; 2 of.theae; with a total of 135 b.eds,.are Tor .children.?
? . .0 . ? . .
: ''. ? : .. ?
? -. ,
..: : % . ..' ?
?%? ..TABLE XVII?'
???
'DISTRIBUTION' OF: MEIDICAL.PERSONNE'L AND.
. .
INAURMANSKA ?OBLAST:
. JANUARY 19562
?
*1
Number of' ? Numbbr.of.
Division Doctors and benastsb/ E22pital Beds
,
..
: . -
? ?
? 1,640 ^ ?
City. of Murmansk 441
qity of.Kandalal6ha: ? . 69 ? . 285.- ?
. .
'kirovsic Administrative Area % 116 : .: 447. ?
Monchegorsk AdMinistrative Area ? 162 ? ? ? '340
. ,
?City of Severomorsk ? 50 ? '20 :^ .
? Rayons: .
.K.andalakshskiy ? ?
? Kolskiy
Lovozerskiy
Pechengslciy
Polyarnyg ? ?
Saamskiy ? .
?^ Teriberskiy.
.Terkiy
???
?Total ? '
? ? . . ?
? . ? ?.?
?
? 2/? Not including personn0..and?faci1i:ties'of the ,Minigtry df
? ?
. ?? ? ? . ?
? 41 ?
30
19
2 ?
38
13
11
? :13
971.
. ?
?
Communications. ? . ? ? :
? b/ ' ? ? ..?? .:: . .
. ?
:
? - Dentists comprise al5proximately 7 per cent of the tota:l.
'% ? - ? 0 .. .
.- . . ? :
The inoiaence of doctors per 1,000 iir.tian?populcitiorris 2,9; in .
? . ?
' ? , .
. ,
. rural areas, ...87. .Secondary medical personnel traditiondliy play.an
?? ? . . .
. .
iMporta:nt role .in rural areas, but their incidence in oblai rural, areas :
:. ? ? ? . . .
. ? :.
? '
is lower than in urban areas (5.1..and 8.4 per /1000 pbpulation,'respec?
. tively).. There are approximately 2.6 hospital beds. lier 1000 blral
? ? ?
Utionand 10.0 per 1,000 urban?population.
. . ?
?
?
? ?
?
? ? ? ??
411 ?Nhile'the oblast is above average i the numbr of mdica1
lemonnel and facilities, little .is knowriabout?the quality.pf
medical :care: Because of the high degree Of uisbanization in the oblast
?? ?
, 36
S E C R E T ?
?
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?
C .13 T
?
. ? ? ? ?. ? .
? ? .
?(91.5 per:cent),*they may be somewhat above-the USSR average-since ?
. ? ?
', ? ? ?
. .
medical facilities. in iirbin areas of. the. Soviet Union 8:re More 'accessible.
. .
? ?
. 0-? . . ?
and' of higher quality thah in rural areas. .1 ?
?
Criticisms' which were made iri.1958 of mediCal.Care in the USSR ,
??
-a8 a.uhoIe probably also pertain to some degree to Nurmanskaya Oblast.
?? ? ? ?
?
called unsatisfactdry inmany.- : ?
. ? ?
The organization of medical services was
srespectslpreventive medicine, particularly amon cbildren;inadequate,
? -
. . . ?
rural medicalefacilities below. minimal standards; 'child mortality from
? ? ?
.. ? ? ?
infectious diseases too high, labor safetSr meaSures insufficient., : Recent
. .
?
?criticism of medical conditions in Karelskaya AS3R, whi..cl is contiguous"
?
?
. to MurmanSkaya Oblast; May also 'be releliant to the oblast: Acutedysenr
?
? ? ?
, ? ? ?
:dry. and other intestinal infections were said to. be?high,,innoculation.
? .- ?
procedure unsatisfactory, obstetrical care deficient, the inoidende of
.Pheumonia'among children high, and' preventive TB measures inadequate. .
? The fact. that one df the 2 children's sanitariums in Murmanskaya 'Oblast ?
? %. ?
. is known to-be a tuberculosis sanitarium suggests that this last criti-%
.?
cipm has 'particular relevance to the Oblast. .
D. Educational.and Cultural Facilities
.. ? ? ? . .
. ?
Murmanskaya Oblast has little to offer in't.he sphere.of.higher...
? ..education facilities., 111'1957 there were only 2 institutions of higher'
. ? educitionl'both located in Murmansk and both of a specialized .nature.
. The?MurMansk Yiigher-N'autical'School offers' training in navigation?nd
???
marine. engineering.. It 'is reported to have a.5 and a half year course and,
admit students between?the ages of 18 and 24. The Murmansk Pedagogical
Institute trains elementary and secondAry school teachers: in the aca-
demic year l956-57, these 2:schools had an enrollment of 1,21114 of 'which
325'were corresponding studentg; in 1956 they graduated 111 students..
?
There are-5 tekhnikums and specialiied secondary school's in
. .
the oblast: .the MUrmansk Nautical School, the Murmansk Preschool Pedar:
. ?? . ?
gogical School, .the Kirovsk'Chemical & Yining Tekhnikum, the.Kirovsk
, Medical School (for training medica).. assistants and midwives)') and the .
- 37
E2C R E T
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?
..?
? .
:
? ? ? . ? ?
??.SE C ?R?El T"
. ? ? ? .? ?
-
. ' ?
?? : , ?
..?
. .
Monghegorsk.Mining7Metillurgical Tek6ikume In 1956-57 their'enr:olltient 4
?
was 3,097; 'constituting 0.65 per cent of the t9talloblast populatibp (as.
compared .with the RSFSR average of. 11 percent); Tn 1956, 813.studentS ? . '
? %. ?
. ? :
were..graduted.from these schools.
? . .
. In the 260 'primary, 7-year; and 10-year schools4hiCh. provide.
. . ?
..? ?
, .
?'..e..generaLeducatian to children between the age S of 7 and 17, enrollment.
'totaled 63,568 in, 19567.571 or about 13 per cent of-the oblaft pOpulatiOn.
' (the same.percentage as ,for the. RSFSR as a whole). The number of. teachers
.toteld 3,.336. For the distribution of.schools,studentsr'and teachets.
within?the.oblast, see Table XVIII. .The total number of Students receiving.
? ?
. ? ? ? .
. . .
? ?
?
? .
TABLE XVIII
? AUMBI.T.OF PRIMARY, SEVEN YEAR, AND TEN
YEAR SCHOOLS, STUDENTS, AND TEACHERS: 1956-57
.?
. ?
Administrative.
DiVigiOn
.Schools
:Students Teachers
. eNa. .(?f ? .
Students per s.
? TeaCher ? f
..0:14 of Murmansk' .'
32
22,126
.
1,073
? ?
245.6
' City .of Kendalaksha ? ?
10
'4,840
' 237
20-.4 ?
Kirovsk
?
Administrative.Area
44
7,679
430
'17.6
Monchegorsk.
Area
22
7,222
368
3:9.6 -
?Administrative
City .of Severomorsk
8
4,002
.20.3
197
.
..
Rayons: ..
Kandalakshskiy
31
3,359
181
. 18.5
kolskiy
21
4,064
235
17.3.
Lovozerskiy,
7
1,034
.
64
16.2
Pechengskiy
16
?
2,899
142
20.4 .
.
Polyarnyy
24
2,722
178
15.3 .
.
.?
5aamskiy '
9
816
?
? 49
. .
Teriberskiy :
12
864
.65.
:
s 130
? .
Terskiy . .
? 24
.1,941
111
17.5
. ? .Total
. 260
.
63,568
3,336
. -
a-primary,.aementary, and secondary education has continued to increaSe ?-?
' since 1940. .However the distribUtion of the students by grade has under&-
gPne a change (see Table :XIX). The decrease in the nuMberof students ?
in grades.5-7' which occurred in 1955-56 and 1956-57 and in grades 8-10
in 1956-57 reflects the decline in the birth rate during end immediately'
38 -
SECRE T.
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?
? et.
SEC RET -
.??.? ?
? : ? .? ?
? TABLE XIX
?? ?? ?
? ? r.
DISTRIBUTION OP STUDENTS, GRADES 1-10, ?
? ' BETJEEN 1940-41 and 1956-57
. ?
': ?
?
? Yea. 1-4 ?
:? 1940-41. ? .22)982
?
1950-51 I 26.,o19
..? ? ? -1954-55. 27.2545
.1955.56. 32,757
*?1956-57. ? ? 39,?50?
.: . .
? .Grade? .
? .
6-10
? ?
14,377 -
.... 3,114
...
? ?
17,31.2
. ? 1,631
.
:
18,636
. 8;794.
? .
45,558.
- 9,740
?
13,579
. :9,66? 7 ?
? .
. . ..
following Nbiad war Li: Convers.ely, the sharp increase in the..nxiMber .
. .
.. ? .
of students iti grades 1-4 in 1955-56 and 1956?-57 .is due to an increase
'inCbirths'in the late 1940.'s and early 1950's as well as to in-migrating.
? 'The number of students in grades 8-10 since 1954-5 Is averaged
?16 per cent. of the total enrollment in the 10 grades.
.
.. . . ?.'' . ..
*: In addition tp the general education schools,. in 1956-57 there
wer 32 sdhools for working youth; both urban and rural., With an enroll-.
. ?
ment of 6418 providing both general and specialized tr.aining. Two gen-
eral education .schools fox adults ?had arr enrollment of 977 in. 1956-5/ .
(see Table XX)..
School :
TABLE XX.
? NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN .
?SCHOOLS FOR 11O9KING YOUTH AND ?
SCHOOLS FOR .OULTS
1956-57
Number of Students
Grades
8-10 ? ?? Total ?
Schools for.
1/orking Youth 225 2,811 3;4112 ? 6,478
? ?Schools for
? Adults .
295 - 682'.97
- 39 -
*SEC RET:.
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??
.?
.. ?
. ? .
?:?.? ,
S E Ft?t...T
.? ? ?
?
? :Litt118 isjInown about the quality'pf eduaation in the oblast.
? . .
: The teacher-student.ratio.in general is favorable, but?urfdoilbte4y the ?
? 8chools in the remote ruigl areas 8xPerience considerable' difficultir.in
. ? ? .
'..-attracting qualified teachers. Late in 1957 a shortage of physic4 edu-
,. ?
? cation, art, and music teachers in the oblast was reported.
In January.1956there was criticism of ?:the.physical conditibni ?
.of some of.the .schools.. Many schools; it was claimed, had poor illumi-
?
? hation.4nd ventilation. '
Although 100 per cent literacy is claimed by the Soviet gbvern-
. .
Ment, it is doubtful that all the nomadic Laps in Lovozerskiy and 'Saam-'
skiy Rayons are literate. .
In December 1958 a ,new' law on educaticin wae passed*. the ?
Supreme Soviet of the USSR:, providing for an increased emphasis'on:spe
'cialized and polytechhical education. The main' provisions' of :the lgw . .
include the abolition' of 7- 'and 10-year schools and. the substitution:of
8-year. compulsory education schools. These. schodls are to give the 'stu-
dents pher:al and polytechnical knowledge, After the completion of the'
?
.8-year school, .furthe^ r education will be on the basis. of a'corr.bination ofl
'formal study and 'work. Students may obtain a complete.secondary education
in j ty'pes of schools;
. . .
? Schoois.of Working Youth (3-year evening schools)
e?
Secondary General Educational Labor Polytechnical SChools
. (3-year term, with alternating periods.of study and work);
Tekhnikums and other? spedialized eddcational schools.
. ? ?
All ,will provide general as well as specialized training.
? .The number of'boarding.schools will be ipereasea and
=local conditions will be organized along the line of 8-year schools or
Secondary general: la:bor polytechnical schools. A 3 to 5. year transitional
. . ?
period fro 1959/60 has been granted to put the reorganization of the'edu-
cational system into effect, .
.; ?
-Lo-.
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?..
? '5 E.p.R?E T ? ? .
?
- Cultural faCilities in the oblast (1956)*inclu'de 18.I libraries,
? ? .
. ? ? ? ? ?
contining 1,800,0b0 books (of which61.1ibraries?and 280,00Q book S are.: ?
. ?
in rural are), 129 clubs (65 in rural aread), 2 museums,.3 theater; .
? . . -
....nd.215 moving' i?icture projectOrs (99. in rural areas). In 1956, 3 eity
newspapers, Z. rayon newspapers and One oblast newspaper, "Polyarnaya.
. . ? .
, ?
. .
..Pravada".(daily edition, .45,000), were published. The oblast has 2.
? ..?
? , . ? ? .
.research institutes--the Arctic Institute of Fishbreeding and Oceanog-
. .
. .
. ?
?:raphy and the Institute of 'Territorial Magnetisii.v Ionosphere, and.Propa-
. .
?gation.of Radici?Waves (both located in the city of Murmandk) ?addition
. ? . ?. ? ?
to ihe Kola Affiliate of the USSR Academy of Sciences, themaih branch.
? of which is located in Kirovsk, Several other divisions;-incltding.the
Geological Institate, the Arctic Botanical Gardens, the Muimansk Biolog-
?
*ical Station, add a'number of laboratories are at various places in the
oblait. The.Major work of the'Kola Branch 'of the USSR Academy of SciehCes
is focussed on the. ?blast's geological structure and mineral deposits.
Murmansk is the cultural center, cOntaining all of the.3
'theaters and one of the 2 museums in. the oblast. Although there were. ?
a reported 42 libraries in the city in 1957, a press criticism claimed
that practicallY.all of them were located in 'the pentet of the city,
inconvenient for most' of the workers who live on the outskirts..
Socio-EconoMic FaCtors ?
?
. ? ? . A., Housing
The housing problem in Murmanskaya Oblast; severe beTOre Worfa'
War II, became worse as a result of it. Half of the housing in the cities
of 'the .oblast was destroyed, the city.of Murmansk .suffering a.loss:repor7
? ted'as f.rom $0 to 75 per.cent.of its total housing area,. Not until 1952 ?
did'hous.ing in the oblast reach its prewar level. Since by thip date,'
. the population, of the oblast had increased by several thousand; tfie hous-
ing shortage in 1952 was' more acute .than in 1940. .A housing 'shortage'
Continues 'to exist up tp the present, due to: an under-fulfillment Of the
housing construction plan for seeral years in the' postwar period, ?
-
E C R.E T '
.?
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? S. E C R. ET ? . ?
- .
. .
. . . .%
' of.the housing problem-in the next few years," but .itis doubtful.that .. ?
....,
... . ? .
%. the goal:or2,000,000'sqv.Meters..(21,520,000 sq. ft.) of?housing included : ? .
.. in the &Tien-Year. Plan (1959-1965) will be met unless timely. meaqures.are-
:taken to alleiriate the.dritical shortage of construetiori materia1.
?B. Food Supplies
,
?
?
?
Becaue.of.adverse climatic and soil cdnditions, agricultilre:i.
and limited activity in Murmanskaya.Oblast. .This situation.sip.
'refleetedin the fact that an estimated 91..5 per dent of theoblast's .
? populatidn in 1959 (the highet percentage in the USSR). is. urban. The: .
. .
?great bulk of the oblest's food requirements, therefore, must be impqrted.
prom other areas 91' the Soviet Union. Ope plentiful locally available ?
.food staple which initiates to an appreciable degree. the paucity of. crop. .
?
? ? .
acreage and.livestock raising is fish. Found in great abundance:and .
? . ? ?
:vaii.ety'in the Barents Sea which borders .the obla:St 9n the N
. .
? well as'in many of the numerous rivers ad lakes in the ?blast, thi's
important food is readily available to.a significant proportion of the
? .oblast.population. An iMportant food supply available to the population ?
?. ?
in the interior areas of Lovbzerskly and Saamskiy*Rayone is reindeer.
. .
meat. Because of the lack of locally available agricultural products,
. ?
?
?
storage faCilities are believed to be fairly extensive in the main popu-.
?lation centers. Reportedly, fresh fruit is availablein Mpnchegorsk ? ?
"practically all year" because of storage facilities. In .196-the* oblaSt
fo.60 supplies in.reserye would have sufficed for 61 days of normal trade ?
turnover.
? ? .Fish is:the chief food staple for ihe residents 'of the oblast, ?
.In 1955 the oblast fish catch totalled 6,319,400 metric centners:(1,393, :
. . .
174924 lbs;), o-1: one-fourth of the total USSR 1955 catch. There are ?
over 110.kinda.of fish.in the Barents Sea. Cod, herring, and perch cdn-:
:???
stitute the bulk of the 22 commercial .varietiest
?:.
? ? .
' 43
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e?
??
??
:SEcRET? .
? ?
. ? .
? . ? . . ?
? ? ?.. ... ,
? .
'. ??
. ? .. ? . . . ?
:. .tetween 1946 and,19.56,*approximately'1,200)000:Aq. meters
% . ? ?% , .. ? .
. .
? .(12191.2,000 351. ft..) 6f fiousing'Were.constrUcted.in the oblast, more
t? ?
. . than half.of?which was in 'the city orMurmansk.. This total Lel]. 'short
.?.
. . .
% of the .qubta called for; in fact, the' first time they fulfilled the ??
?housing constriction Plan was in 1957) an'd then again in .1958 they lagged:.
? ? ?
? 1?-ehind..
? ??
? ?
? ?
.? ?
being predaminantly log and old wooden structural slum-like in appearance.
? ? .
?
? ? ?
? . . . ?
1.1bod constrUctaon is,. the prevailing Vibe of hbuging in the ot?lastl
. . .
Murmansk city housing i.ras deicribed by a nori-Soviet obierver ih 1958 as
?
.Recent Soviet ..reports State that 'stone. construction Is replacing wobd.and
? that consiructiOn of multiple dwellings will .be given priorfty?oirer
? detached'hOuses. Poor quality of :construction and high'per'unit.ccst.ard
? ?
. ?
, characteristic: of housing. aons.truction in ihe Oblast. ? ?
.1
?Lack of building' maierials May be one of%the'main causes?of
?
lagging. There his been considerable discussion.but little eviderip of'. ?
??
? '
constrilctive action taken to improve the oblastls.poorly.developed con-
. ?
strdption materials, industry. Oblast.bripkworgcs supply 'less than half .of
the bricks required by building prpjdcts.. Cementing materials weal. mite-
. ?
rals, limestone, slag wood., as well as?ndnieroU5 other building materials, .
are s6arce. Inadequate transportation' facilities inhibit the econOmib use
. ?
. .., ? . .
of local .construction materials. ? The.bulk of construation material8 mus-p ?
. . . - ? ?
be brought into the oblast from as' faraway.as Moskovskaya,.Tulskaya, and '
.? ?
. '
.:?
Zaporozhskaya.Oblasts, Armyanskaya SSR,. and Latviyskaya SSR," as wel]; as ?
? .%. ?
from Novgorodskaya ablest, Lepingtadskaya blast, ,and the Karelskaya ASR. .
Planto?produce Construction miterials from the by-prOducts of the oblasi,te..
. . .
mining and metallurgical industries .have nbt yet produced signil.icant
'results.. ' ?
: -
? The Murmansiiy Sovnarkhoz..administe'rs over sp per cent of housing..
construction in the oblast, the remainder beinkltbe responsibility?Of the'
. ?
lobal executive committees. The estaolishment of the lovn'arkhoz in June'
1957 was hailed as having "creatid favorable conditions for the solving ?
. ? ?
.- 42
.SEtRET?
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4
? . ? ?
?? ?
? : ?
???
? '
?
?
? . S .E C R ? .
?oE? tlle housing problem in *the next, few years,'! but i :is
? .?
? .
the goal of .2,000000 sq. met'rs'.(21,520,00.6
? 9 ? 0
? ?
? ?i^ n.the Seven-Year 'Plan 0.959.71965) will be met unless timely measures. are
. ?
? ? ?
. .?
? ?
. ?
.?
doutfa.l.th4t.
.hoqsing?included.
- ?
taken to 'alleviate the critical 'shortage of Constmction materials. .
? ? B. Food SupPlies
? ? ?
?
Bqc.ause of adierse aim...bid and 'soil conditioribl agricuature
a marginal and limited activity in%Murmanskaya Oblast. Thi. siXuation is
. ? ? ? .
reflected in the fact%thai, an estimated.91.5 per cent of the.oblast's ?
? ? .
Population'in 1959.(the%highest.percentage in. the U?S.R) -is urban. Th.
.great bulk of?the oblast's food re4uireMents,.therefore, miis.t be.imported ?
. ?
from other areas ef?the Soviet Union. One plentiful locally?available ?
food dtale whiCh mitigates to an appreciable dege the paucity of crop '
?
acreage and livestock raising is fish. Found in gi?eat abundance and
.. ? ?
?
varietSr .in the Barents Sea 'which bbraers the ?blast' oh ?the?N an E, .as
? ?
?
well as in many of the numerous river a and lakes.in the oblastl.this
?
': ?
ilportant 4Ood is neadily ava4able to a significant proportion of the'.
?
. .
?
()blast population. An important fodd supply ayailable.tb the population. .
. ?? . ? ?
. . . . . ?
in the interior areas of Lovozerskiy and Samnslay Rayons ie reindeer:
. . ? ?
? ?.?
??
?
:meatt. Bedause.of.the.lack* locally available agricultural products.,
%
storage facilities are Jpelieved tolbe fairly extensi_ve'in the .main popu-
. ? , ?
%
?lation Centers. .Repartedly,. fresh fruit is. available in Monchegorsk
. ? .?
"practically year beOeuse of storage facilities; In .1956 the ?blast.
? . . .
. ?
food supplies in.reserve would have sufficed for 61 days of normal .trade
? ?
?
turnover.
. . .
ish is the chief food staple foi. the .resident:s:of?the ()blast:
an i955 the ()blast Tish catch totalled'6,319;400 m? etric centners. (1,393,
17)4,924 lbs.), or 'one-fourth of the total USSR 1.955)atch., There are. .
Over 40 kinds Of fish in the Barents Sea? ,Cod, h6rring, and perch con-.
. ,
?
?eti:tute the .bulk of the 22 commercial varieties: ? .
?
?
? ?
. . ?
??
.? - 2
.?
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.s :s E T? ? ?
, . ?
. In 1956 the food. : industry. prodUded 47:J.432,000 cans of pro-
cessed
:
. . ..??
cessed foOds; 41,259,000 ofThich were?fish...dther?proesded?foods ?
. ? . ?
, . .
. ?
1956 follow: : ? . .
. .
111 ? Item No. of Tpns
. ?
?
'Bread, rolls. - .
ConfectidnarY ?
??? praduets " ? 1;808
Macaroni 'protducts : 2,639
Sausage products 2,329
. ? .
t ?
.' ?
. ?
?
The Meat suprilSr.in the oblast is. verY limited.. In 1956 there
. . . , ?
were. 8,266 dairy .dattle; 5,219 beef cattle, 15,816 sheep and goats, and
15,395 pigs. Milk production in?1956, refa:epenting a rela..tive.ly-high.:
.? ?
yield Derecow;?totilled 21,300 gietr:ic%tons or 46,957,980 pOumis-only lp
abipper -capita. .fleindeer.,:bk far the most .numerous .livestock in the.?
. .
. ?
.ar&a, totalled 69,867n-1956. LOcally grol;Invegetables and grain are
in.s.hort. supply; In 1956 only 2,281:acres'of potatoes; .353 acres of. ?
other.vegetables cabbage), and 10 acret.of grain 4ere sown,, .
. ?? ?
?Hothoube and hotbed agriculture provide some veketables to a
few urban areas. A?Soviet.repott bta:tps that a 'state farm in the?Vicinity
. .?
of Kirovsk, with 8,000 hotb.ed frames and 107;600 scr: ft. of?hot;clotise.rea,
..?
:.qupp.lies vegetables to.the?population?of the city as well as to. he entire
? *. .
? apatite mining area. Cucumber, radishes, tomatoes, and green onions are
. ? ?
reported to begrown:in hOthoUses and hotbeds%in Pechengskly ?Rap:in. for
the local population'. Hotnouse agriculture is also being .developed in
in the MUrmansk city area.
The Severonikel clmbine in Monchegorsk.contributes to the lobal
. .
fOod supply. In 1957 it hid more than 1,235 a.:cres af sown' ar:ea, 900 head
af cattle, 400 pigs', a large poultry. farm, hothouses &lid hotbeds. Other :
Urban industrial enterPrise.s.amd public institutions also engage In sub-
sidiary agricultural activity. .
The Murmansk:Leningrad tailroad.ie the Chief means of bringing ?
fOod into the oblast. It is also important, along with its branches, ..for.
distributing food supplies within the oblast:. Coastal transPort is used
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? ?
?
EC RET
?''
:.
, . ? ? In 1956 the food industry produCed41,02,000:cans of pro-
cessed foods,.41,259,000'pf which were^ fist-...Othe^ r processed fp? ods
, % . . ?
in.1956 Wereas'foliows:, ?
? ' :.
? Item
??
. ? ? ? ?
? ,
-* .. ? ???
No. of? 'Tons .
, Bread, roll's ? ? .76,100 . ?
ConfectionarY .
? products ? ? 1,808 ?
.. ? Macaroni products : 2,639 ?
' ,Sausage'prOducts ? 2,329 .'
- .. ... : :
% ? ? . ?
? . . .
? The Meat Supply in the Oblast is Ver;y.limited. 'In 1956 ther
? we're .8,.266 dairy cattle, 5,21.9 beef Cattle, 15,816 sheep and goats; and
1,95 pige.. t!filk-production in 1956, representing a relative] y? high
yield per Cow, iotalled 21,300 metric tons or 46,957;980 pounds-only 10.
? lbs,per?capita. Beindeei-, by far the most numerous livestock in?th
. .
area, totalled 69,867 in 1956. Locally grown vegetables and grain. are
I? n short supply. In 1956 only. 2,261 acres of. potatoes, 353 acres,of
. .
other vegetables (mainly cabbage), and 10 acres of grain were sown.
".?
?
gothouse .ahd,hotbed agriculture pro!vide some' vegetable 6 to' a'
few Urban areas. A Soviet report states that a state farm in the vicinity'
of.KirOsk,.with 8,000 hotbed frames and.107,.600 sq. Et. of hothouse area, ?
. ?
supplies vegetables ,to the-population of the city as'well as -0 the entire
apatite mining area. Cucumbers, radishes, tomatoes and green onions are
4.eported to be grown in hothouses and hotbeds in Pechengskiy Rayon' for.
? the local population.' Hothouse agriculture iS also being.develOped in
. in the Murmansk city area.
.The Severpnikel Combine in MOnchegorsk ,contributes to the local
? food supply. ? In 1957 'it had.more than 1,235 acres of?Sown area, 900 head
of cattle, L00' pigs, a large poultry farm, hothouses and hotbeds. Other ?
urban industrial enterprises and public institutions also 'engage?in sub-"
sidle.** agricultural activity. . ? ? ?
? The Murmansk-Leningrad railroad is the chief means of bringing
food into the oblast. It is also important, along with 'it branches; foi
distributing food supplies withidthe ?blast. Coastal transport is used
? ??
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? ??..
?
? ? SECRET; :
. .
? ? . ?
. .
to.distribae food s'upplie6 tO. those areiS (particularlY in the N.apd.E)
?
not accessible by rail. 'ince most 'ok the agricultural?gctivity .in.the
. ? ."
()blast, except 'for reindeer herding, 'is carried-on in or near the main .
. .
urban centers, the necessity for extensive thauling of .tood is obviated.. ?
. . ?
? ? Given the limited agricultural activity in the oblast, it is ? ?
? ? ?
? . ? ? . .
to be eYmectsd that food expenditures would conetitute a high .percentage
? ,
?
of total expenditures. In 1955; the'average:expenditure for food (includ-
Ang.public dining) totalled 66:6 per cent of all eXpenditures (gs.coinpared
? with the Northwest regiOnal?average of 62.9 per cent and the.RSFSRaverage.
qf 57.d per cent).. Because?of the small-scale agiicultural activity;
. .
rural food ekpetWitures are particularly high, .constituting 3,562 rubles..
(adSusted prices) per capita in1955 (as compared with 1,102 for thc.
Northwest region and ?I8 far the RSFSR as i'whole):
. C. Transportation and Telecommunications
General ?
.Railroads are the chief means Of' transportation 'in the oblast.
. .
The .NS Murmansk-Leningrad line is of particular importance, providing the:
oblast's main link with other parts of the?USSR.
? ?
Coastal water transportation is next in importance as a means of
?
' transportation.. It is of particular importance as a link between ?the.scat-
tered settlements in the E 'Part Of the oblast and Murmansk.'
MghWays and roads are used mainly for short hauls of passen-
gers and freight. Adverse climatic conditions limit their usefulness and
pose difficult maintenance 'problems.
? .
Givilsix' transportation is limited. It is used ae a Means'
.of. transportation between remote coastal areas (which are not serviced by
. rOads.or railroads) and the oblast center; there are rguiarly scheduled.
flights from Murmansk'to'Moskva via Petrozavodsk and?Leningrad.
41 . 2. Rail ?
The rail network in Murmanskaya Oblast, while 'not extensive,
is a vital-means of transportation in an area where there ate few roads.-
:
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?
? ?
;
. E. C.1,t T.: ?
. . . . ?
? ? . . ?
.^ -.The. single-track Murmansk line,. ring'S irom.Miarmansk for .approximd;tely,..
225. miles critilin the Oblait (rdfer to Map -IV) aad thence to'PetrOzavodsk
. . .
. ?
. (Karclskaya ASSR) and Leningrad'('900'mile S),. id the 'only main rail line:
^ -and ,the mitost important means of .transportation in the oblast.. A section ? .
. ????
173,miles long between Murmansk and Kandalaksha'is electrifi#d. The rail-
.
. . ?
?road is vital to the economy of the oblast which depends largely on it for
? ? ?
bringing in foodstuff.s, consumer goods, fuel, madainery, and equipment for,
. ? , ?
:the Mining and lumber industries; and salt.for:the fishing industry.% it
is also tile Chief. means. of transporting the mineral wealth .of the oblast-:-
.
apatite from Kirovsk, nickel'and,copper from Pechenga.and Monchegdrsk,
iron ore frdm Olenegorsk. and.Kovdor--and fish from Murmansk to other parts.
of the. country.. Goods imported and exported through the port 'of Murmansk:
. .
are albo carried on this line.. Freight shipped?out.of the Oblast by
. ?road totalled 7,267,000 tans in,1956. Table XYI indicates some of the
? ?
major items comprising the outgoing freight:*
TABLE. XXI :
OUTGOING 'RAIL FREIGHT: 1956'.
Item
Volume. . Per Cent
(Thousands of Tons) of *Total
Mineral fertilizer
(apatite) ? 31128 26.0. .
'Mineral
.
construction
? materials ?
''Lumber product's.
(excl. firewood)
Firewood. ?
-Saltedrfish
Other2/ ? ?
?
6.6
'
.?
.478
.
?
478
.6.6
127
1.7
: ?
318
4.h.
,738
?
37.7
? ?
?
?
Total 7,267, 100.0
a/
?. Copper, nickel, and iron ore probably comprisp.s signif-
icant Part of this group. ?
. .
'- 46
SECR
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?
. . .
: S E C.R E?.T ?
. ? ?
?Incoming ral'freight in .1956 totalled:61901,000 tops, distributed as ?1
.?
shown in.i.able XXII.. ?
? TABLE XXIX .
? INCOMfNG
???
.?
:
RA it FREIGHT: .1956 :
.?
Item
: Vdlume ? ? Per tent
(thousands of tons) . of .Total ?
. .
I Coal 1068 19.8 ...
Oil Products 677 ' 9:13'
FerrOus Metals . .. 120 ? 1.7 ..
LuMber (excl. firewood) 548 7.9
?Firewood 245 11.1
? Grain1 ? 150'. 2.2. ..
Other2V 2,793 514.5 ?
Total . 6,901 ? 101.0 -
? ? ?
?
a/
? 7 Manufactured goods and food products make up a large part ? .
of this category.
Intersecting the Murmansk-Leningrad railroad near Belomorsk
(Karelskaya.ASSRY is the Sorokskaya:-Obozerskaya line which skirts
the southern coast of the White :Sea and connects Murmansk with the North-
ern .(Severnaya) Railroad, Arkhangelsk, and the interior of the country, ,
. . .
in particulartheyelativelTnew Cherepovets'industrial area to which the
'oblast supplies iron ore.. Built in 1941 when the Germans .occupied most ?
of the Karelskaya ASSR., thereby interdicting part. df the Murmansk-Lenin-
grad line, this railroad played-a major role in transporting lend-aease
. 'supplies imported through Murmansk .to the .interior Of the country. ?
Although?Murmansk.is considered the northernmost terminal :0E
. .
the Kirov. Railroad, the line actually extends about 12 miles N to Severo-
morsk (Vayenga)l'an important naval base.
Running"I'from the trunk line are 2'important branch?lines,
?
both.of which are single-track and steam 9peraied .(refer to Map.IV). ?
Connecting with the -FinniSh railway system at Rotala is the Ruchl Karel-
. -?
skiye-Kuolaarvi (formerly Salla) branch line, w)lich runs W from the
Murmansk line a few miles S of Kandalaksha.- This line (sometimes .referred
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.SEC'RET..
? .to as the Saila line) does not 'harry reg:ularlY?icheduledtraffic aeross
? ? ?.
. the ?Finnish border,. but .only as .far As Alakurtti; 61L .miles Z?1 Of Ruchi ? ?
. ? ?
Kare? lskiye.. It is of significance insofar as it' is the only rail line .
?: . ? ? ??
. . . . , . .
,. ?
in the oblast which adjoins. tho Finnish. Railroad arid *provides a direct .
rail.rOUte across Finland to the Gulf of Bothnia.
second 'important branch.line,'Vuilt within the last few
Years, is the Murmansk-Pechengaline. This railroad runs S'out
Mur-
mansk to Murmashi?and then NW to.Pechenga and Liinakhamari, the chief ?
harbor of Pechenga, with an extension ',I to Nike. trom Luostari.' In' ?
. . . ?
addition to serving the rich Pechenga-Nikel mining area, this 'rail line
'is the most important means of providing logistic support. to. the airfields.
?
(refer to Map IV) in this border region.
There are also 3 branch lj_nes built 'expressly to serVe. mining.
areas in 'the central part of the obIast. The 14 mile Apatity-Kirovsk rail..
?spur service's the?apatite-nepheline mining area near Kirovsk; the Olene- ?
gorak-Monchegorsk rail, spur serve's the rich copper-nickel mines in the
?
Monchegorsk region.. The. Pinozero-Kolidor line 'extends E about 65 miles
. ?
to the iron ore and mica deposits around Kovdor and Yena. ?
'The fac't that the .Murmansk rallroad.is.the:only'main line .
serving' the oblast and that if is a single-track .line is a weakness that
the Soviet authorities 'have been taking steps to eliminate'.. Reports indi-
cate the. probable existence of.a N-S.rail lin of the Murmansk main line '
. ?
linking the E.-'4.Murmansk-Pechenga line' and the.E4Ruchi.Karelskiye.-KUol:
ayarvi line. This railroad (reportedly built ab9ut 1951). runs S from
Pechengal passes through Nikel and a number of Mining areas near the ?
. .
. ?
? ' Finnish border, and connects with the E-W Saila line; perhaps at Alakurtti.
?
In' 'addition to 'being of possible military significance, the railroad also ? ?
taps rich mining and forest areas. It is possible-that?the Soviet.govern?
ment hopes to extend this line S.through the Karelskaya ASSR and effect
' a connecticin with the West Karelian line now kinder construction. If this ? ?
is done, an alternative rail%route'fram Murmansk to Leningrad wo'uld exist. .
E R T.
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???? ??
?S E .0 R E ?
. ?
. . .
.Pians to strengthen ,the main Murmansk railroad include the 1
addition of a.second track on the .200 .mile Apagty-Sorokskaya'(Karelskaya .
? ? ?
ASR) section and the electrifiCation of .the 104 mile Kandalaksha-Loukhf
. .
? .(Karelskaya ASSR) section ?Since-these projects comOise'part of. the , ?
: ? ? ?
. .:abortive Sixth Five-Yekr Plan, it is: not Poqsible to determine, whether or
not they still obtain.'
Railway maintenance is a?continual problem.in the oblast.
:Alternate freezing and thawing in :the spring and fall and improper drain-
' age in the warm months cause'extensive.damage; numerous?wooden railroad .
? .%
?.?
? ? bridges. over the rivers, lakes, and. swamp, areas travers.ed by the Murmansk ?
?
? trunk line also require much upkeep.
Railroads within Murmanskaya Oblast are under, the juris-
diction of the Kirov?Railroad'Syteml Headquarters In Tetrozavodsk. ? Mur- ?
. .
mansk, a division headquarters of the Kfroy. System, bontrolp rail facil-
ities in the oblast.
3. Uater
Maritime transport ranks decond in importance as a means of
?
transportation in.Murmanskaya Oblast. Coastal water transport.is of par-
..
? ?ticulir importande, being, in some instandes, the chief means of ebntact
between certain rayons and Mtirmansk.' TeriberskiY,..Saamskiy, and Terskiy
'Rayons, which .have no rail lines and no good rdads; are almost wholly
'dependent on coastal'transportation in maintaining Contact with other .?
? areas of the .oblast. Coastal water Communication .is alSo.carried.on
between Murmansk and Pechepga'on the Barents Sea and Murmansk and Kandal-
? aksha on the 14hite Sea. The sea route between Murmansk- andlcandalaksha
.is of great distance, involving almost complete circumnavigation of the.
Kola Peninsula. But, in addition to supplementing rail. transportation ?
between these 2 cities, .this rbute is used, to' stipply the intervening
.coastal settlements.
Murmansk, a 'principal seaport, has direbt access to the
open seas the year round because of the effect of the northern extension
- 49 --
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?
?
. .? ? SEC R.E T. '
. ? ? ? I .
. . ?^ '
. . . . .
? ? .
:01.the w4rm.G11.1f'Stream?Current. Ranking"second to Arkhangelsk'as the .
. ..
. %largest Soviet Arctic port, Murmansk is the /argest fishing 'port in the'..
. . ? : .
. .
. Arctic as well as the westernmOst.pot on tile 61500-mile Noithern Soa . .
.:.
Route, ?Located oft the KOla Gulf 26 miles frOm the' Barents Sea, Murmansk ..
?
has a well protected harbor. Because of its /oction and ypaf-round.
. .
'a'ccessibility, Murmanik playa an iMportant role during World War II as
?
th'e pajor Soviet port, for the receipt of lend-lease supplies.
? ?
? ? . ?In'peacetime the.pOrt.of Murniansfc handles a limited tk.fiic:
? .
? e .
? .
? ? ^ . .in. goods., Apatite and lumber'chief are the chief.exports; general cargo is ?
? . ?
?
. : ? ? ? .
.
thipped to the coastal ares of the oblast and to northern Siberia.(via ? '
. .
% ? ? ?
. : ? ? ? ? ... .
.. ? _ ?: ? .
. . .
? the Northern?Sea Route). Coal is imported from Skit;bergen.(Norw.ay). ? .
? .? . ?? ? ?
? ?
? . ? .
It 'Is also brought in from the Pdctiora Basin (Ka.Mi 4SSR),?a's al.e building
. ?
.? ? .. ? ?
.? ? ?? .
materials from 'Arkhangelsk., and fish frari the ?blast's coastal *areas.
. ? ?
? ? ? ? ? .... ?
. ? . ? ?
MurMan.ak has 'an estimated military pprt capacity of 2'1,500 long tolls' of ? :
? ?? ?
? ? ?
general cargo per day. ?
?
. ?
? ? ? .
. .
. ? ':
. ' '? ' %. .
?
There are numenous 6econclary pbrts in the oblast:. Chalno-..
. ? ? ? . ? . . ? %
. ? :
? ?
' ? ? ) -
:
% puchka, Severomorsk, Polyarnyy, Wipe. Trove.; Guba Sayda' and.Guba Olenxa .
.. ?? ? ? ?
. .
. ?? ? ?
on .the?Kola Gulf; Pechenga arid Yok'anga on ^ the Barents Sea; Karidalats4, "
. ? . ? ' ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
. . .
. Kovda, aod Lesnoy--primarilyqufter ports?on, the. White ea: 5he Barehtb ,
. . .? . .
?
?
? Sea. po.rts a^ re open all year; the %illite Sed ports ab3ut 6.months?Qf the
'f
' ?. ? ? . . ?
? . . ? ..
. . . .
? ? ? ?
. year.. . : . . . . .
. ?
? ? .'
. .. .
. ? Although most of the nivers in the ?blast do not permit
. . . . . .
? . ?
?
? ? ?
mvigation of sizeable. ships, river-bareeb and. small ships are used to
.:
.. . .. . . . ..
: carry some fTeight;yarticularly froli coastal ares 'to inland river'se4ie-
. ? ? ?
Ment^ s. About 31,640 tons of fi4eighi ?rgre?shipped int.? the .oblast'by.i.iver
. ? ? ? ..
. . . .
in 1.9561 lumbar products comprisea.3,800 tons, grain, 1,000 tons.' Lumber.. '
?
?
? ? ?
%accounted for the totalvOlume (21,900 tons). of outgoing river. f'reigh't in .
.15.56. ?
?
. .
. .An inland water route located outside the?oblast which pro- -
. . .
? . ?
?
. .
. . ? ?
'vides a connection 'via the Barents and White Seas between Murmansk add-. -
*.Leningraciis?the Baltic-White .Sea Canal the.hortherri:terminus of WMch
? '
: ?
? . ? ? . ? ? . ???
? ??
? ??. ? ? ?? . - - ?
?
E C?R T .
?
??
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/ ?
? is Belomoysk? (Karelskaya ASSR) On' th.a Whit,e Se..? This '14aterway', which' ?
.9 R E 'T? ?
. .
? ? ?
?? ?? . '
. ? ? . .? . ?
- ? intetsacts?the Vola-Baltic ildtdiway (formerly pie'Mariinsk.Materway).
? ? ? ?
.also provides .a link batWeen Murmansk .'and the'Cherepayets and'Illoskva-
? ? ? ?
industrial regions. On these?waterways lumber, ti3
te and iron. Ore
. . . apa? ?
. .* . ? .
? ? ? ?
are $hIpped S krom Murmanakaya Oblast. Salt for MurmdnskIs fishing.
inc4rstry; consumer goods, machinery, and building materials .comprise .
?
?northernbound freight.. In /957 only a ?splali proportion of the total ?
? .
:freight to Murmanskaya Oblas%,.hoWever, was Qhipped by inland wateiitay,
. ,
since the limiting denths of the wate:rwape'nnit the pasiege of only.
?
small ships.. Upon completion Of the present extensive recOnstruc'tibn
. . .
?
. ?
?
of the 2 14aterways, as a.rosuit of which large ship will be able to
?
travel their:iength they will have enharided.edonomic and military .
. .
. ?
. ,
digniTicancee ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? .
Port faciiities.ahd port operitiohs'in the oblast have been
? ? . ?
the target of'critfcism, .Many of the ports, including Murmansk, on the
??
^ Kola Gulf?reportddly do 'not have propen embarkation and debarkation.
?
?
?
. .
fadaities. Loading'arid unloadirig.Operations are characterized by
. . .
, .
. ,
.unexen, sporadic. work, resulting in he^ avy finapcial lo68es and nonfuI .
? ? ?
? ?
?
? ?
fillment ef.prodpctIon plans. Obsolete port facilities at Murmansk ar
. . ? ?
said to Trevent'an increase in the. volume of apatite mined in the oblast.
Because Of poor port facilities,?apatite, comprising in 1956 about one-'
? ? ?
Ibhird of Murmansk)s?t:otal.c'argo turnover, had to be tran4oaded from
. ? ?
railroad cars to piers by%hand sho'vels.o'r rib'solete steam railroad cranes. '
As a result/ serious financial lossqs were sustained anelabor produe.-
: .
?
tivity was low. .In 1957-the'Milimiansk Arctic.9teamthip Compani was crit-
.
. .
IOiz,ed for failing to meet the growing need's. of the oblast in .sea tra^ n? s-
portation. Reportedly illan::of its ships were old and without. proper
equ.i.pmeht. .In addition,:oopfusioh and'iriefaciency existed from an over-
laPpihg of authority and functions df the large humber of port'organiza-
- ^ . . .
? :?
. :tions .subordinate to various adaiinistratiOns and divisions of the USSR'
?
Ministry of Maritime?Fleet..
?
? ?
?
? ? ?
?
. .
? ? .8 E C? R T
?
??
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,
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Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
?.?
..?
?
? ?
.S.*E?? 9:: .1
.
: ? ?
?
? I ?
. ?
? ' the *noli d'efuhct Sixth. Pive-Xciy *Plan *(1956-1260))
? the :port of 14urMa:risk was to be ekpanded and its 'shipyard modernited.
. .?
.T.here is.no available' eiridence indicating the prdsent statiii of ..thase
? ?
?
plans.
. ?
? :
. ? ?
? The corninercial 'seaports irilMurmanskaya ?dblast ? are admin.-.
? i^ stered. by. the Chief Administration of Traffic, Fleet Operations, and .
? .Ports. of *the. USSR Ministry:of. the 1,Jaritarne?Fleet who directs the ports? ?
? through the chief of the Murrnarisk 'Arctic Sieamship.Company. ? All mritime
? ? ? transpOrt ship 'repair plants?inAhe ?oblast are subordinate to the ',fur-
mahsk.Arctic Steamship Company. Ports that hindle Ministry of Defense
. ? ?
? ? v.essels. (refer to Map IV) have?a military?officer Attached to the port's
. .
. .
harbormaster's office..
.
? ? 14. Road
. . ?
? Motor transport .ranks third. in importance 6.S a means of ?
??.
transportation in the oblast: ;Swampy .terrain, numerous rivers and lakes, .
. .
and a 'rigorous clirnal.e render difficult, and often imPossible, the main-
? ? ? tenance and cbnstruction Of i-oadS and highways in Iqurmanskaya Oblast..
. Short freight. hauls near the main center i Of population, however, conSti-
. ? .
.? . . . . .
. . . .
*tute a significant volume.' ?In 1956, .33,339,000 ?metrit tons of freight .?
'were? transported by:automotive .conveyan' de.
There.arg 2, possibly 3, .improved highway's in the Oblast
.. ?
(refea. td Map IV). One, a. 113 Mile? section ?of the former Finnish Arctic
*.Highway, runs 011 from the Iiiinakhamari-Pechenga region throu? gh? Salmiyarvi
;to the Finnish border, from?where it continues on to Kemi on. the Gulf of .
86thnia via. Rovaniemi. Connecting with this ?highway at Pt.,!chenga is. an
.?
. .
? improired dirt road from Murman? sk. In 1956 the soviet government reported
a plan to ?construct in. express highway from Murmansk to Pebhenga to be
. cbrapleted 'between 1958 and 1.960. ? The preent status o'f this project is
? .
unknown.. A. second hfghway in the oblait is the E-:?1 Ka:ndalaksha-Kuol ? . ?
. .
?. ayarvi highway, which provides. a second direct route in this area (roughly
paralleling the E-u. railroad) t,o the Finnish -border. The probable.' .exibtence?
?-?
?S.ERET
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. . . ?
.of a NrS?highway between Peohehga and.KuoloyarVj, connecting with the .
. . . .
?? E-U highway .6om.Kandalaksha has been reported. One'unconfcrmed?report ?
states that this highway, built about 1951, runs E of the farmer Fihnish
, ? ? ?
' Arcticiiikhway in the northern part of the oblast.:
? ? ?
. ?
There are fe4 other roads; improved or unimptoved, in Mur-:
.mahskaym Oblast. In addition to the Murmansk-echenga road, there 'is an
. ? . ?
improved mad leading.12 miles.n.from Murmansk to Severomorsk, which is, ?
. . . ,
repOrtedly, heavily travelled and kept in a fairly good Statc:of
:Another road 'runs S from Murmansk through Kolwand.Kildihstroy paralleling
the?tracks of the Murmansk railroad S. to Pulozero where it turn 6?E toward
rayon. center, Lovozero.. Cobblestone or dirt Is the prevailing type of'.
. .
surfacing of improved toads. Eiccept for the rpad.to Lovozero, which is
.intersected by a branch road -from Menegorakl.practically the entire area,
E of the Murmansk rail line is without toads. In the winter travel by.. ?
? sled is not infrequent, and in the remote interior reindeer are used. :
. Several cobblestone .roads leading. 14 .from the vicinity of tie ?
Murmansk Railroad were in existence during "orld 7ar iI. Designed for. ?
.carrying heavy military vehicles and ending. near .the Finnish border, they
have apparently only military significance, since they appear to serve no ?
econgmic purpose. 'An uncomfirmed*istwar report?states that an E-W.cobble-
.
stbne road was biiiltin the early 1550.'s 1 from Kandalaksha via Yana to ?
Girvas (111,1 of Kovdor) near the Finnish border
The Oblast Admihitration Of Motor Transport and Roads is. .
responsible .for the construction and maintenance of local roads. The
Main Administration of Highway Constructigia R3F8R of the Ministry of Mctbr?
Tran'sport and Highways RS17SR (Glavdorstroy) is responsible for the con-
? struCtion of major highways. Highways in the .oblast leading to or located
near the Finnish border are probably under the jurisdiction, of a USSR
agency. in Moskva? .
,
-
E. C R E
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;
? ? ?
? B?ECRET
?
5: Air
?
. .. ?
: ? There are 2.8 targeted:.airfields'and seaplane stations in' -
? Murrinskaya 6blast; of which only MurmashilLirfielci (Target 0051-8609).. ?
. . . ? :
and Yokanga.Aii..field (Target 0051-8009) have 'been identified as. jointly.
. ?
used by ivilian. and military -planes. RegUlarly saheduled flights from.
? ?
Murmansk to Moskva Vie Petrozavodsk andIeningrad originate from Murmashi,
. ? . .
a few miles S of Murmahsk. ,Although not identified ds.being'used by both
civilian:and militaty p1anes1.1t is probable that. the airfields at Teri-
.. ? . .
?
berka and Ponoy are so uSed, given the scarcity af other Means of traria-
.
'portation'availabie in,these.areas:'
? *: The Northern,Territorial:Directorate of?Civil?Air Flet,
headquarters'in Leningrad .and directly subordinate to the USSR Chief
Directorate of Oivil Air Fleet undet the USSR Ministry'of'Derense in
. .
. Moskva, coordinates all?civil air traffi-c in passengers, freight; and
mail in the oblast.
. 6. TelecomMunications'
Telecommunications in the Olast are designed to serve state
? ?
.and nili,tary requirements rather than the general public. Domestic point-
.
to-point'radiocommunication stations are used in conjunction with wire
facilities, and radio and wire communications -are integrated into one tele- '
communications syStem. Because Of the difficulty in building?and main-
taining wire Lines in the northern latitudes radio is probably used more
? .extensively in the oblast than wire communications.
A telephone-telegraph.line with carrier' cdnnects Murmansk
. ??
? via Belomorsk and. Petrozavodsk (Kdrelskaya ASSR) with Leningrad where it.
joins with other lines of the natiapal?communications network, including
the Leningtad-Moskva line. The Murmansk wireline is .connected with the ?
? , . ? ? ?
Arkhangelsk-Moskva telephone-telegraph wireline with?carrier (a major
? open wireline) via a E=T telephone dnd. telegraph line with carrier extend-
ing between:Belomorsk.(karelSkaya.A7). and .Obozerskaya (Arkhangelskaya
-Oblast). Wirelines.(without carriers) also exist between Murmansk and
S E;CRET
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??
? ??? .0 R T. ?
? . ?
? . ? .
? ? ?
. ?? ? .
?.ivalo, Finland,via.Pech.enga ?and'Rayakoski; and between Rachi .Karelskiye .
. ?
. .
? ?
and Kuorayaririi (Salla). ?
.A submarine, cable along the Wand &coasts of Murmanskaya
Oblast cohncebt.sMurmansk and,Yokanga with Arkhangelsk. Two short sub--.
?
. - . . ? '
? Marine cableSacrOss'the Iqhite Sea straits.extend f.rom Pyalitsa and Pulonga. .
in the.obla'at -to Intsy (Arkhangelskaya Oblast).
? ?
?
Principal, radio cOMmuhication stations in the oblast are
lOcated.at Murmansk, Kandalaksha,. Kirovsk, Kola, and Tyuva Gilba. There
are also coastal.radiocormunication itations'which'handle all-maritime
traffic in their, general vicinity. 'Radio-telegraph circuits include a.
teletype' line and a Morse line between Murmansk and Moskva.' : ?
Within the oblast, ?raSron centers have direct telephone or
radlocommunication.with Murmansk, the oblast center, but are linked
.. ?
only indirectly, through.Muiviansk,'with other rayon 'centers.
. 'Telephone .and telegraph Service in the rural areas, is mini- .
mal.. Reportedly the 3 machine tractor stations (1956) in the oblast had.
telephone communication with their respective rayon centers; very likely ?
the h state farms (1956) also had such communication. How many of the
.113 (1956) agricultural and fishing collective farms have telephone or ?
..radiocommunication with their raypn centers is not known.
Private telephones .are rare in the oblast. 'Generally, tele- ?
phones:for personal Ilse are located only in public buildings such as post ?
offices. Murmansk has'an automatia telephone system; Kandalaksha a man-
ually-oPerated switchboard.'
. MurmanSk is the location of one of the 39 main regional
broadcasting stations (656 kc)-in the, USSR. In 1956 there were 36,400
. radio receivers and 83,000 radio relaying stations and wall loudspeakers .
. _
*(radio tockha) in, the oblast. lovozerskiy Rayon was reported to have 490 ?
radio.receivers and 1,235 wall loudspeakers in 1957. Pechengskiy Rayon ?
in 1957 had. 1,700 radio receivers., 559 of which were in Nikel.
??
-
S EORET ,
?
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??
, ? S. i'C R: E
; ? ?? ? . . ..?
. ?
. .In November 1957 te4vision station f;egari.ciperation
? Murmansk. .$tiil 1n the plabning stage is the construction of television
? . . ???
relay line to population tenters.:outside Murmansk..'
. -
? 'Civil tel,ephone,..telegraph, and radiocommunication facili-
ties of?local..significnce are controlled. by the RSFSR Ministry of.Communi-
cations throUgh.the Oldest Direetorate'of.Communications. Direct.cOntrol
. .
? over the operation of: telegraph, telephone, and radiO'installatifons having
? an all-anion sidnificance'ie exercised by the USSR Ministry of Communica-
.?
? tions. MVO wilts are responSible for the security of all teiecOmmuniCa-:
*tions facilities, exaef,t
D. Utilities.
Uith the excePtion of electric power, utilities are poorly
.
. ? .
developed in Murmanskaya Oblast,' Ole reason for this is the heavy damage.'
..?
sustained by certain areas of the oblast dUring.World War If. Murmansk, ?
. . .
for example, suffered seVere bomk damage, resulting in the destructiOn of,
bout 90. per cent: of the public.buildings and between 50-75 per cent of.
?the housing. .Kandalaksha,. in the southern part of the oblast, also suf-
ferea bomb .damage. Heavy fighting in the?Pechenga-Nikel region.(then:
Finnish territory) resulted in :extensive destruction. Other factors which.
have inhibited :the development of utilities are the'difficulty Of access ?
to certain areas in the oblastl?the scarcity of construction Materials and
equipment, and the rigorous climate. ? .
Since the oblast lacks coal* oil resources, aTrerequisite ?
%tO industrial development was the creation Of an electric power system,
the many swift-flowing rivers in the oblast providing the major source of
? ?
such power...In.l9561 Murmanskaya.Oblast reportedly ranked first in the ? ?
USSR in per capita production of electricity The Murmansk Regional Power
. Network his an.estimated'installed capaCity Of 608,0.00 kwS..
- 56 -
. SECR?E,T
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8 ECRT
?
?
?. ? ?
. ? ..?
XandalakOskiy Rayon i having, in i957 an estimated installed.'
.capacity of 368,000 kw of eleCtric power; or more. than half of the pre,
-
sent installed. capacity in the entire oblaSt,%is the main power baSe of.
, .
the oblast. %At'the present time?the're ai-e'4.hydi?Oelectric power plant ?
? ?
Aandalakshskiy Rayon--3 on the Niva River. with an estimated installed
.
capadity qf 240,000, 'and one on theTovda River, the Knyazhaya Gua Hydro-.
.0.ectrio Power 'Plant, Ahyazhegubskay 'MS (Target 0091-0111), with an ?
estimated installed capacity Of.128',000 kw.. The Kandalaksha H3;droe1ectric
, ? .
'rower Plant; Niva GES 3 UG (Target.009j.:00i.5),.with a capacity of 150,000'
kw., is the lArgest Plant in' the Murthan8k Grid. It is located underground
.and believed to have'an'average dependable capacity throughout the year.
of,90,000 kw. Thei'lliva River plants and.the'Kovda River plant supply
power to the Monchegorsk and Korovsk mining areas, the Murmansk-Kandalaksha,.
? ?? .
.electric rail'line, aswell?as to Kandalaksha and surrounding area.. Both
. . ^ . ?
. ?
industrial and consumer needs are served.
. .
? . . ? ?
On the Lower Tulotha River near Murmashi in Kolskiy Rayon,
. .
the Tuloma Hydroelectric .Pol,mr. Plant, GES.(Target 0051-0012)? with an,
estimated capacity of 48,000 kw.: and ah Annual output of more than
.200,000,000 kw-hr, supplies power to Murmansk and its environs. Another
'hydroelectric plant of unknown capacity in this Area is located near the
?
'mouth: of the*Kola River., A 30,000 kw: hydroelectric power plant is loca-.
? ted at AfrikAnda.
. Under a.posthar Finnish-Soviet' trade agreement, the Finns
.have constructed 3 hydroelectri.e pdwer.plants for'the Soviet Union with .
an estimated ca.pacity.of 90,000 kw.on the Patsoioki River (near Nautsi)
in Pechengskiy Rayon. Their main purpose iB td .erve the Pechenga-Nikel
'mining area, but they .could supplement Murmansk's power supply., since
they are probably tied in to the.Murmansk Regional Grid. .
All the hydroelectric pOwer plants, are interconnected by.
.1.1Q.kv....lines. They are also connected to 2 thermal power plants) both
of 36,009.kw. located at 'Murmailek and iirovsk, and probably to a third ?
. -
thefmai power plant .of unknown capacity at Mehchegorsk.
S E,C RE
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1 ?
.?
8
?'?
? . S E C T
??
:?? . .
*Althdugh the thertal.powpr plants are !note expensive to...
:
? . ? *.* .. ? ? . ? ?
? ?
**operate than gomparable hydroeleetric powdr.pints; they play an imp9r- %
t?
'tayre role in the winter when the pour p;otential.of the'hydroelertric ?
. ? ?
. .
. i?
plants s redlAdeds
. .
? ?
?
? ? ?
Pr9babl3r most populated places in the oblast are now supplied
?
with eldc.tricitk: ticcording.to Soviet.;reOwts, the electrification of
. Lovozorskiy Ray'.on was cOr6Plefed in 1995. -All villaf.,es in Teriberskir
. . ? ?
? ? . ,
? ? . . . . . .
Rayon are?reported to have electricity.. ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? .
. .
The distribution of electrib power is?directed from Mur-
%* . ? ? ? ?? ? . ?
? mandk by. the Murffiansi Regkon'al?Rower?Network, an agency ? of the USSR Min- '?
? % .; ? ? .? ? ? . ' ' ? ' ? ? . .
? .?
e
. istry of Electric Power?S ?tations:: ? . ' ?
? ? ? .
??? .
. .. . . ? .
. . ? ?.
?
?
?
?
: .. ? Cohtdriued development?of.hydroelectnid power in the oblast.
. ? ? ? . . ? ? ? .? ? ? ? ^ ?
. will 15rob41y occur' given the grpwing xre.js of the miming and Metallur2
) . . .
? ?
, .
? e .. ? ?
gical plaustries, .tM increae.inTail.mileage,.and the absence of other
? .
..? ?
?
sources oPpower. ?11:19:57 ScAriet'estimate indicat:ed ihat the oblast had, :? . .
? ? ? ?
? ?
. a potential' capacitY 61 1,36o,p00 kw cif hydroelectrie power--more .than ?
. .
? ? . . . . . .
'
? ? ?
. .
? twice thg prpeni installed rapacity. In gddition'to.the hive flici Tuloma
. .. .
? .
Rivers, the most lucrative poteptial sodrcen of? ?Wrcipos:rer are the Pozloyl. .
? ?
' .
. ? ?? . % ? ? ? . . ?
?
?
?
.UMba, Voronya, arta Perlberka:River6... Schedulea for oshstructiOn under? ? ?
?
?
the Seven-Year Plah is a powei- plant on?the:Upper:tuloma River, the Kir- ?
?
oysk Regional. Power Plant, aid the.ffori:soiaeloskiy.Power Plant (whose.
. ?
.location'in the oblast is riot knoWn). :Although an August 195.7 Sovie..t
??? ? ; .
? ??
report stated that new power ?development of more titan 300,000 kw was
.pianned for the region drained by.the Ponoy:and Yokanga Rivts, no'pro-
Vision for a power plant in tAis al-ea is
?
known.to:have been included in
? **
the. Seven7Year Plan. . . ? ?
? ? .. %
..
Twb plants under coristr.uction*on the Paz and Kovda Rivers
? ? ...
?
in?northein Kareisl&aya?ASgR?dre yibwed as a future. link bet'ween the Mlir-
? ? .
?
? ?
. ?
. .
manskaya 061ast and:.Krelsskaya ASSR'poNer networks, supplying .power to
??
both areas.. pndorpresent.prans the. Mitrmanskaya Oblat and Karelskaya
SR powe.r grias will be united into one*networ:k at sometiMe irrthe .
.? ?
?
gECR'E T. ? ? .
?
..?
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.?
oo
???
?
? . ' ?
?
. . ?
' S. E.? C E .
? ???
futime, a 'prelitinark 'step:to achieving the muchTanilounced dltimale? goal' ? '
? ', . . ? ??? ?
? . ? ? ? ?
of a single'power.system.foi the..entire?Rg$H....
? ? .
?
?
?
? .
?
?
. ?
?? .
? ??
e In 19? 6'SoviPt reports ipdicated'thatthe city of Miirmandk .
? '
? ? ? . ? ?
:?was experiencing .a water shortage having depleted the supply of several
?
. ? ? ? .
small lake de'ar the city. 'Ib.reme4y this; a. water main leading to the ?
? .
. .
? city?from.a'point on the Kola Ri5rer.4. miles 'a6:under cohstrigtion in. ?
?
:ls7.. Upbn its complptiOn,'it was ? claimeciAhat.an .ample.supiay of water:
?? . . . ? .
. ? ?
?? ?
. Wou%d be avi.ilable for the city' s needs.
?
?
'?
. ? ? .
? ?
? ?? . . . , ? ? ?
. : ? ? ?
?
:In 195h there were 2 waterwoks Whinh.supplied water to .
'
? ? ?
? small .ares ot? Murmanslc.: No sewage -r9a:timent 1arts t-e known to exist,
? ?
? ?
? ?
?
?
an sewage sewage is probably duiriped untreated intd the Kola?Gulf.
?
?
?
??
? ? ?
. In. 1958 Soviet reports stated tbat all.mUltistorded
..4.
in MuFman'sk are'supplied with .beat and'hot.watell by a.centtpl heating
?
? ? ?
. plant .in ihe city,?but.the capacity of this.plant'is insufficient to meets
? .
. . . . . . .
. the ns of new?constrdction. ? Suggestions have. lieen made that a second
? . ? ? ?
? ?
: .? ? ? ?
. thermal: plant ba built, but there.is po evidsnce'fkt -construction i's.
. ? ,
. ? .
.. . ?? .. ? . ? ?
underCiay. Line.Soviet report indicates t'hat the existing .heating plant
. ?
Oo ? ?
? ? ?
e .
O o ib being reconstrudted to meet?the indr.eised damnd.
. ?
. .
. . ? ? .? ?
. Gas has not been available as a utility 'in Murmansk. In?
?
? .
. ? ?
?
19581.however, preparZtony work (9r suRplyincgas tb.the'city was fepprted
to .have been initiated. By ?the end :of l958; the ..:'rsi;1,000 apartment
. ?
? ?
?
units wsre:scheduled to rscavt., lo'oaily bottled gas brought 1,1 from.Besh- ?
?
? ? . ? '
,
kir'skaya ASB..by railroad, ? ' , ? ??
? ?
? ? ? ?
. . . .
,. . . .
. ? .
Murmanik.has sevgral-fpus-lines'c9nnecting
: ? . . . ? , .
and nearby?towns, such as ?RcIsta a^ nd Severomorsk to?the
Kola to the S. In 1957,85 buses
? ?
?
? . ;
? . ? ?
it with j.ts,Sgburbs
Nand Murmashi and ?
and ha taxis were said to be operating
?
??
; in the city. The f.evi main roads in the city are cobblestone.or asphalt.
? . . . ? ?
KiroVsk, Monchegbrsk, and Kandalaksha--the neci largest ?
? cities in the oblast--are .known to be well supplied Idth eleatricity; but ?
other utilities Ate.probabIrminimal. 'Bus lines are reported to operate
.? , ? . . ?
. in-these ei0m5 on the fesi styeets'which are hard-surfaoed.
- ??
? ?
?? ?
?
?
59--
?
??
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? ?
. . .
nonindustrial putpe.ses.
? .
.' ?
????
??:
? . .
???
?
. :
? . :
?
.* ? ? ?
'?
? ??
Olendgorsk, a city. founded'in 19.49) is?cons:tructing:,a water-.
:?? ?
wOrks and a heating systems Water i;*?avai,lable in.mosi areas%ofthe
? ?
???
oblast, because of the plethora:of lakes and rivers..
Firewobd:is 'probabl, widely used.by'nopin.dustrial consumeFs
.. .
for heating?and.cooking purposes. im:theoblast.. It is aliailable in large
.. . .:' .% ? % .
quantities. in.liancial*SlchsiciY1:Terikiy? and?Yeche.n.ksi.ciy .Rayoris*. :Although '.
. ? ?? ? ? ' . . ? ? : . ?
. ?
. . .
. .
. ;the oblast i's believed tcl-have significaaCpeat resources, they have been'
- . .
. . . . ?
. . .
. . . . . . .
. ,
little developed, .and peat is not extensively used. as a fuel'. Coal, impor-
ted.from the Pechora Basin and Spitzborgen, is probably not.available.foF
? ? '
? ?
?
?
D. Economic Charectetistcos .
?
? . ?
..Abundant natural r(.1sourcep of fish and minerals provide the
.?? ? ? ?
??? ?
. e
? basis for the oblast's nAtionally.significant fishing and.mining-thetallur--
?
? gicai ihdustrieL
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
?? ? . ? ?
. . Thpie are.more-thar.1 119 ty.fies of fish, 22 of commercial sig-?
. .
? ? nific;tnce,.p.res.ent?in the Barents?Sea which' borders th'e oblast on the N
? ? . .
.? ? ???
arid. A relatively.wp.rm.bo4y Of%watpr because ot the influence?of the
?? . ?
Gulf Stream Cuilleit, Its.pentiful* supply' of fish is accpssible to the
. .
? ?
: ?
ob4ast?fishernlen on a year-raund basis. It provides 92 per cent of the
. ?
. . .? ?
oblastls..fiih catch,. sod, heryling,'and perch .constituting the. bulk of ?
. .
. ? ? ?? ?
th& conherciel volume:. The obl'astri iash?batch,.which.in 1956 totalled ? ?
^ . ? ? ?. ? .
. .
about one 'billion, lbs (06,80?0eo metric.centhers).comprises.
?
.frbwonp,foarth.to onothird of the total.USSR. eitch. .Fishing (including
fish processing) is 'the most important industry, in 1952 accounting for ??
.?? ? ? ? ? .
about % exi 'Cent of the gross iridustrial. pro.duct.? Yetween 19115 and, 1956.
? ? .
there mas-a stbady'inerease.in the voluthe of fish caught; the 1960 quota,:
. - ? ?
.iiIcluded in the how defunct Sixth Five-year Plan, was appr:oXimately 2
billion,800- 'In ,1957, however, ihe.proauction?quota for the.
,
?
, ??
.fighing enterprises of the Sovnarkhoz was' only about 1 bil1ion130CcMillion
? ?
? .1ba:and eveff-this reduced', goal Was not met; ohly 1 billidn,96:million 115s0
,
? ? ?
of fi:?sh being 'caught. ?? ??
..?
.? ?
- 6o
EOR, ..T
??,?
?
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. .
S E 0..1/ E
% ? %. ?
. ?? Some. of the reasons 'for this decline; 'are ?apparent' in the
? ? ?
-
'criticism which has been Ievelleleat the Mprmansk?fishing industry -in
? ? ?? ?
the past year. The shore bases'are'reported to be inadequate and inca-
- ?
:? pable.of Rroperly serVicing :the fishing fleet; 'thus 'cqntributind to the
^ railure of?most of the fishing boata to meet their .197 pi:oduction quotas
? ?
, ?
? , ?
? ? With the aim, of increasing the fish catbh, plans have beerlannounced to
? ? ?
modernize the Murmansk shipyard', construct a.eecondmajor.fishing port',
? ? ?
. .
?
?
and search out new commereial fishing regions. ? ?
. ? ?
?? Murmansk .is the most important, fishing and fish processing
. ?
? center in the oblast and the locdtion.o'f gne of the largest fish:pro-
cessing 'combine's in.the USSR.. Aliout:86 iler cent of.the total production .
of the city in 1951. was contributed by the fishing and fish processing
industries. Large fish processing plants are?also located at Sayda Gubd,
Port Vladimir, Teriberka. In 1956, 41,259,000.cans?ofliShiwere processed
in the oblast.
. ? .
The'Seven-Year Plan (1959-1965) calls for an increase of 160
. .
. .
per .cent by 1965 over the 1958 oblast fish oatdh.. 4ccprding?ta the First
Secretary of the?Murmanskaya Oblast. Comthuni,st Party, however, the RSFSR.
Gosplan has not Rrovided in slifficient measure toradditignal?refrigerator
and floating bases which'are.needed to adcom'Plish the established goal:.
Mineral resources tom .the ,basis of the ohlast.'s mining and
?
metallurgical-industries. Of all-union sigriif.icance are the apatite-
,
'.nepheline and the copper-nickel mining industries'., In 1957) the.Murman- .
skaya Oblast apatite industry produced three-fourths of the raw material
for the USSR'S production of phosphorouS fertilizer. The apatite-nephe-
line deposits, loca'tedhear Kirovsk, are considered anong the richest in
?
the world. Nepheline, which makes up about LO per cent of the epatite-
nepheline ores (apatite ac?counting'for about 3.3 per.centY contain's abott
..50 per cent alumina. In addition to being an 'alternate to bauxite as a
raw material for the aluminumindilstry, it 'alio has' applications in the
ceranic, glass, tanning,Tubber,'textile, chemical, paint, metall4rgical,
?
-.61 -
WS CaE f
. ? ?
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? ...? ?
? . :
. ??
?
. ?.
? ??
??
S .E ?C R.?E T.. ??
. . .?
. ? ? ? ? ;
, ??
and railroad.industrieS. Apatite -nephelne ore also contains titanium;
?
. ?
, ?
magnetite and .6-tiler-minerals; but these havemot.been.exploited :
? ? ?
-signit.itant degree in Murmanski.ya Oblast:.
. -
?-. . .* ? . .
.The main centers of the.obIast?s.c.015per-nircicel industry. whibli.
? . .
accounts for a third of .all nickel :production in the USSR ,are MoncheOrsk;
? Nikel, and Pechenga. PechengsklY-RayOn, where Additional nickel deposits '
.? . . .
2. were. recently discovered, has the most eXtensive.coppernipkel deposits.
. . . . . .
Monehegorsk,.reportedly, is the most:important.nickel refining center in
: the 'oblast,.
?Iron ore depasits in the regioris Lake.Imandra. near Oleno-.
gorsk and further 'lest near Yena^ :and icivdor have ^ led, to the de? velopment
in:recent years of a ferrOus metalluradai industry', supplying .iron ore
to '.the Cherepovets Metallurgical Works in TolOgodskayablaste
. .
Other mInerals .in'the Oblast inClude cObalt in the
Monchegarsk region and mica in the.Yena-Kovdor area;
The oblast has numerous mineral:dePOsitS tha."-t are little
develoPed at the present time. In' the region between kiroVsk.andLovo-
.
zero, there are reported to be'Mpre' than 100 minerals; among them chi-
binite, fersmanite, murmanite, lead, tin, zinc., and imandrite. Molybde-
? ?
num, vanadium, niobium deposits are also present in the Oblast.
Ip the basins of the Ponoy and Yokanga.Rivers'in the eastern
part of the oblast, there are "rich untapped mineral resources of mica,
granite, quartz, and cyanite...Cyanite'ores have application in the pro-'
duction of aluminum and heat-resistant materials.
. ? :. ?
. There have been uncomfirmed reports 'of uranium deposits in ?
the central tundra region of toiroiersiy.Rayon, the iokanga area of
.?
SaamskirRayon, and along-the?Tuloma ?direr in' the interior 'of Kolskiy ?
.:Rayon..
The state of the mining.indnstry in the. oblast a.ppeirs to
be unsatisfactory. According to Soviet reports, there is a great gap.'
between the disedvery of mineral resburces and the'rate of thei.t indus-
.trial exploitation. Even the relatively fev.mipetalwhich .are currently
. .
?
?
? ?
? - .62 -..
-
??5 ECRET ?
?
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?
? ;
.SE0 RE T
.?
?
?
''bei ng worke.d.:.-aPatite, nepheline, copper, pickel?,iron ore, and mica.-- .
. .
ire mit mined At a .rate'com'mengurate with their:potentirca,pa'city. The
? .
extraction of apatite during he tourse"of 30 'years.; for e.xample,?has ?
. ? ?
? .
.^ otalled?no more than 5 per, cent of the apatite reserves. Lagging con-
,
'struction of mines and plants and insufficient modernization of existing
, plan-4 are reported to have had a retarding effect on .the development of
. ? ?
. -?
- ,
apatite mining.
' %There has been: an. appalling waste of valuable minerals and
. ,
. ? lack'of utilization of by-prodUcts. According to an October 1957 Soviet
report, the aluminum-plant at Volkhov uses 12 per cent of the nepheline
? mined at Kirovsk. The remaining' 88 per cent is dumped into a nearby river)
while at the same time the aluminum plant at Kandalaksha imports alumina
.fram. the Urals. There are said to be 20 useful mineral components in
apatite-nepheline ore (including titanite and aegirite), but only apatite
? .and nepheline (in small part) are used, the rest being discarded. It was
stated that the USSR Ministry of the Chemical Industry (now the State Com-
mittee on the Chemical Industry) which had jurisdiction over the mining of
apatite had no interest in extracting alumina from nepheline, since this
came under the jurisdiction of another ministry (probably the Ministry of
Nonferrous lietallurgy in Moskva)'. Similar noncoordination and disinter-
est among various ministries was reported with regard to the mining of
other ores. With the elimination of numerous industrial ministries in
1957, including the Ministry of Nonferrous Metallurgy, and the transfer
of the Oblast nonferrous enterprises to the jurisdiction of the Murman-
skiy Sovnarkhoz, it was announced that the necessary conditions for elimi-
nating these wasteful practices had been established.
The Seven-Year Plan provides that more than half of all capi-
tal investment in the oblast is to be directed to the mining-metallurgical
industries, With particular emphasis on the construction of new mining
enterprises. The extraction of iron ore is slated to increase 2.5 times)
the production of nickel, copper, and cobalt 2.3 times, apatite production,
? - 63 -
? S EGRET
.?
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e?
.? ? 8 E C?FrE..T ?
? ? .
. .
TheSSFSR Gosplan, however,-has made.
?
? ?no provision for the utilization 1,2 the:numerous.mineral components'of
the apatite -nepheline Ores. Preliminary to tappihg the mineral resources
?
the eastern part.of the' blast, it would be necessary to build.a rail-
way, . . .
some roads, and hydroelectric 'power plants, probably on the P9noy
and?Iokanga Rivers. Since the necessary.capitil?investment for these .
. .
? ?
projects has not been provided by%the RSFSR Gosplantft the SevenrYear? ?
Plan, despite the urging of the Murmanskaya Oblast Party Committee, .the
? . .
? ? ? .
development of mineral.resOurces.in this part of the .oblast. will not
..take place in the near future.
. A liMited amount'of.lumbering is carried'on in MUrmanskaya
Oblast.. Although aboUt 32 per cent of.the ?blast's territory is forested,
containing about 4 billion, 413 Million cu. ft.. of.timber;.much of this
? .
total is inaccessible. Logginvis carried out mainly. n,the regions ser-
ved by communication routes--along the?MUnnansk RailrOad and along the
banks of the Kovda River in Kandalakhakiy Rayony?the'Tuloma River in Kol-
skiy Ray-on, and the Varzuga River in Terskiy Rayon. In 1955 the oblast
produced .55,366,000 Cu. ft. *of. 1yinber--bnly.0.46 per .cent of.the total ? ?
USSR -production. Kandalakshskiy Rayon; where lumbering is the leading
economic activity, has the?largest and highest 'quality of timber reserves.
Pechengskiy Rayon has large forest areas, but?for the most part they are
inaccessible'. The parts of Kandalaksha, Kovda, Lesnoy, and Lesozavodsky .
ontKandalaksha Gulf (White Sea) ate primarily lumber ports. Large lumber ..
plants are located in Kandalaksha and Murmansk. ?
Practically 'all of the oblastls.industrial enterprises and
construction proj.ects; numbering. about 185, are under the jurisdiction
of the Murthanskiy Sovnarkhoz.. Lotal industry is?super*vised by the oblast,
city, and rayon exedutive committees. The oblast's economy, which suf.,'
Jered a severe setback during World War 11,' industrial production being
?reduced to 40 per cent of its pre-mar output, regained its former level
by 1950. In 1957 thegross..induatrial.Product of the oblast was approxi-
mately 0.605 per tent ..of the tOtal.USSR.grosaindustrial products Of this
- 64 -
C; R E T
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? ?
? . . ? ?
SECRET'
. ?
Sovnarkhoz enterprises accOuntodfor'about.76 per cent. The'
c^ ity of'MurmanSk'contributed'about 40 per .cent of the obiast,gross. .
? industrial production: The cities of MurMansk?and Kiroirsicare the
.focal points 'of the oblast's econoMic activity, containing over 50 per
cent of'iheurbarrpopulatien. Under. the' Seven-Year Plan, the gross'indus-
.
trial product of .the Oblatt is'slated.t increase 1.7 times over 1958--
a growth more than .twice that established for the RSFSRor the USSR As a
? :?
. ? . ?
? whole; 'Such an increase would' depend in large part on the broadening of
?
. the electric power system,.since there, ate no coal or oil resources in
the oblast.. Several.powei. plant's ,have been' scheduled for construction
under the Seven-Year Plan (see Section TV,D).
. -
. Agriculture is Of only sulisicliary: importance in the .economy
orMurmanikay'a'Oblast. Although the'rnOderating e?ect of the warm Gulf
. -
Stream current in the Barents Sea'pernits mule agricultural activity in
the oblast, in general. the rigorous climate, Short growing season, and
. .
(podzoli? c?rockyi and marshy) do.nbt favor. crop? 'and livestock
raising. Peat sOils, After being drained and fertilized, are the most
amenable to cultivation. Most of the oblastts.agricultural activity is.
in the vicinity ofAitban areas, chiefly those located near the N-S Mur-
? .. ? ?
Indhsk railroad. In 19561 there'were IL state fdrrils?. 13.collettive farms,
%
. and 3 maehine tractor stations. In?the;same year only .04 per' cent' of
? ? ? ? ?
?
the total land a'rea--14,863 acres--was under cultivation. This represents
'a slight increase since 1953, but is lower than it was in 1950. Potato
and other vegetable acreage in 1956 was alsb less than in 1950. Grain
acreage detreased sharply since 1950. .(See Table XXIII.) ?
,One Soviet source report that 'private garden plots and
dairying around the urban areas and reindeer raising in the remote tundra
. .
areas characterize agricultural activity in the oblast. However, the
total. 'area of private crop acreage is ve'ry sinal]., comprising only 4.5
?
per cent of the sien acreage..
?
? The distribution of.crop'acreage by type of agricultural
organization in l956.is.shown in l'41e XtV.'
6.5
SE C R E 'T
??
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?
?
.?
? Crop ?
???? ?
:Potatoes ?
Other vegetables
Fodder and 'silage
. crops
.Annual grasses ..
?Perennial grasses
.Grain ? :
Other.
?
? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?S Eb R E?T
? ??
. ? .
.TABLE:XXIiI ??
??
ARE 1950-1956
1250-1956
(in'acrei)
ri5o ... 1953 ?
.2.,491 .1,945
.546 350
?
?
** 4
5,347 4,685
5,967 . 61o71 ?
193. ' 89'
35 16 ?76a. 90
?
.??
?
?
? ?
1955 .
.
1956'
? ? ?
?
?
2,533 ?
"2,281
IA0
?
. 353
2,194 ?
11875'
3,563
4,876
'5,6114.
5,468
? 10
?
lo
dal
:Total 15,3147: 341065 114,357 ;1141863 :
. ? . . ???? ?
? ?
' TALE XXIV.
DISTRIBUTION OF CROP ACR ACE:
.Crop.
Potatoes -
Other vegetablee
. Fodder and
'Silage cyops-
. . .Grasses
' Crain ?
..? ?
State Fem.&
.Collective Farm Other St ap Pr? ivate.
Acreage .Acreage' %Aci:eagd Total
?
Total ?
?
? 403 ? '
? '614
? 430
2,365 ,
? 01060
???
1,228 ? W. 2,281
282' ?? . 7 . : 353 ?
.'% ' % . ?
. . .
.?,
1,4145 .?? % .... ? 11* .
' . '7.,959 20? 10,344 -
. ,
.. ..10. . ? .. ??? ??? 10 .
? 3,262 ' 10,924 ? .677. .16,863
^ ? .. ?
2/ Includes subsidiary agriculture of industrial: and public
organizations (plants,aogging Camps, hoapitals,
?
? ? :
? ' ? .' ?
?
?
? ?
?
?
Livistock raising and dairying'ar ? considerably more, important
? . . .
than crop raising. Raising of reindeer eonstitutes.the major branch of ,the :
oblastts animal huaiandry.. In 1956, ..there were 69,867 reindeer, 8,266
dairy cattiel 5,219 beef cAtle, 15,816 sheep and goat's, '15,395 pigs; and
4,516 horses. The number of sheep, goats,sand horses in 1956'v4asaess than
.??
?
in' 1950; other? kinds. of livestock have ..increased siAce that year (tee ? .
Table XXV): Given eafficient fodder; dallying 'can be Cai?ried; on:uccess-.
. . . ' ?
fully. In 1958; Marmanskaya 01:9.as't?ranked'second.in the RSR in average
. . . . ? ?
. ?
? .
, '.
S E C.R'E T .
. ? ?
? %
?
. ? ?
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?
?
? S :#,??C R
..?
yield per cow .on 'state and collp6tive farms, producipe an .average?.Yearly? ?
?? ?
yield of 6,758. lbs.. :Ter cow 'cOmpa. red .with. the ?RSF?SR. average ?of )41529.1bs;
?
.?
. .
The 1958 yield represented an increase .of 18.6. p? er cent over 1956..
? TABLE XXV
? .
? ?
LIVESTOCK- POPULATION: 1950-196 ? ' . ?? ?
? ?
Livestock ? 1950 1953 1955- . 1956.
?
? ?
: ? ??? ? ? ? ? : ?
Dairy cp.ttle ?? . 5,699 , 6'3878? ? ? 8,095.. .8,3266 . '
? Beef gattle? ? 74;00a ? 5,5l1 5,432 ? 5,219
Sheep apd, goats .r.6?1l55 183841 17.1576 13.8.0?6??? ? ?
Pigs 7,3h14 '111?21.87. 1.3?5914 '15,395.;
.Hor?ses; ? 4,829 6,392 0. 4,983 ? .?4??516 ? ? ?
Reindeer 53,883. 62,478 :66,1m :69,867. :
? ? ? ?
? ?
? ? T.otal
. ?
?
.913918 113,617 .1153854 11.93069?
?
? ?
? ? ?
. .
? ?
.??
?
? ? ?
0 0 ^ ?
? ?
. ? ?
? .
?? ?
? ? % ? . . . . ? . ? . . ? ? ?
? Privately owned livestci.ck 'actountdd fo'r ?about 23 per cariCof ;the total
. ? .?.. .
? . ? ? . . ? .
. ...
in 1956. Approximaiely 26 per ?cent "Of ?the sheep and .goats ind 113 'per' . .
?:?
? ? . . . . ? . ? ?
.. .. ??
. .
. . . ?
cent of .the?*pigs?in 1956 14ere p?rd.vatel,y: owned. :*The dittribution-ol' liiie; ?
?
? . . ? . ? : .
.stock by type of agricultural orgamitation Is siictel in Ta.blc XXVI. '
? ? : ? ?
. ^ .
' ?
?
?
?
*. ?
TABLE ?X/VI. ?
? .
?
? ?
?
. .
? ? ?
??
? ??
? ? ?
? DISTRIBUTION 0, LIVESTOCK:. 19p? .?
. ? ? : ? : ? . ? . ??
? . . . ? ..
? ?
? . . ??
?Livek.ock : ?Cq.Llepiive Farms .? State Enterprises Private ? .Total . :.
J------
.
?
% ? ? . ? p. ??? :.
Dairy cattle 1,456 '%. : 5,t41010 ? ? ? 3.341.0 ? 8,266 ?
%
.Beef cattle ? . ? 790 ?? :. ? ? ? . ..-.17J6
? ? .69Y 5,212- . ..?
Sheep and goats ? 617. ? ? : ? ? 4 : ? . 3,5,180 15.,806 ?. -
Pigs ?? ?? ??? ? .? . ? , .0 5,856 ? ? 6,539:: ? a5,395? ? ' ? ?
Horses 251:1 ? ' : 4,233 ..... .
? ? 1 .4,516.
leindeer ' ..56,697. ?
.. ----.-*--" ? 0
? 2? 9 549 . ? 31 623... ? 69?2867 ? .
? ? .
Total59,844? ? ?? 31,871%.* .. 27,),)).
? , ? .
. ?. .
.

? .
.?
.
..
.?
. ? . ? .
?
?
? ?
. ,
? . ?
Livestock r4singl.other than. reindeerl.i rePcorted to:be'aimperW.bY'e
? ?
?
? ? : .
. ?
lack of 'fodder,. the bulk pi it. haying tb Weimported . Reindeer .moss Das-.
? ? . ? ? .
tures in the oblast are e.4erisive ancl...repartedly-not jet fully 'utIliz ec1.: -
, . .
?? ? ? . .
0ver?87 p. er cent of ? the reindeer rere concentraed? in? 2 rayons (LovicEor-.
. .
? . ..
. ?? .
skiy and Saamskiy) in 1956.? , . . " ?
, .. .? ? : .
..:
?
, ?
SECRET...
? ?.
?:?
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?
S EC R E.T ?
??"
. ? ?
? :DeSpite the 'fact that statiitics ?hot:- ?
. ? bouse:ind hotbed agriculture between 1950 and 19561?1n.1957 Soviet sources
? '
indicated?that efforts would be made to develop this type of agriculture
111 in order to make the oblast less 'dependent on outside sources for vege-
? ?
...tables.. ?At present. hothouse agriculture is undertiken at Kirovik and ib'
being developed in the Murmansk area.
V. ?Gazetteer of Urban Area6
. ?
? . . ?
!
TABLE XXVII
URBAN AREA POPULATION RANGES: 1959
' *(estimated)
?
? Popu1aifbn Railge
Number, of
Urban Afeas 'Population Per Cent
. .
(Direr 100,0Q0 ? ? 1 ? 203,000 40.2 ?
:50,000-100,000' 2 '115,000 22.8
20,000-501p00 2 66l000 ? 13.0
l0oloo0v20l0ol0 1 10,000 2.0 :
Less than 10,000 21 . 1111.000 22.0 ?
?? ?
^ Taal
?
?
?
?
.5:40,000 ? ? 100.0
? .
s.? ??
? ? . .
.? ?^ ? ? ?
? % .Following?is a list o'f the 27 urban areas in Murmanskaya?Oblast with
?
. ? ?
?
e
e.
. .* milztary and rural significance: . : . ? . ;
. ? ? . ?
. *
%' ? ?? ?
? . ? . MurmansIs - 68-581;.33-0E... ? ? ?
., .... ..?
. Population: 203,000. (1959 est:) ' ? . .
. . . ..
? '
... ? . . ? ?
air indita4on,of their location, population., admihistrtioft., ecOnomi:c1
? ? ? ? . .
. .
?
Administration: 'Capital: of Murmanskaya
? ? .
. ? ?? ? Oblast' city.pf obIi.st subordination;
Oblast Committee of Communist larty;
. .
. . .City Committee of Communist Party; ?
? .. ?
. . Council of Natidhai. Economy (Murmanskiy
... ? % . .
? ? ? SovOarkhoi); Oblast Executive Committee;
. . , City Executive. Committee; MVD Department
.
. ? bf LAcal Civil Defense;. Oblast Society
- e ^ '
?fdr Cooperation with Army, Air Force
: ??? and Navy- (DIOAAF); Oblast Red Cross.
.. .
. . Society.
. .
%. "
. ? ? Military: . Hq., NOftpern Fleet Air Force
?
e..
. ? ? A .. ?Traria 0051-8602); Oblast KGB Border
? ?Ed.strict. Rosta Naval Base. and. Ship-
yaid "evmorput" (Target C051-0017);.
? ? Mdimansk Naval Base and Shipyard, . .
"Cjielmislishka" (Target p051-olla1);. ?
?
. ,
.*. , nail.al? training :center. ?
% .% ?
?
? ?
.. ? ? ?
7 68 .
.SECRE T.
?
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. SECRET
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Murmansk (continued) ' ?
Kirovsk
:
Airfields: One Reserve Base (3T nil.);'
one Air Defense Base (6P mil.), 'one se:a-
'. ? .plane Station' (mu.) (See Table. IV;
? refer to Map IV.) ?
Transportation:. Principal seaport on'
Kola Gulf (second largest Arctic com-' ?
mercial.seaport); westernmost port on
Northern Sea' Route; Division Headquar-
ters, Kirov Railroad System; 'electric
and steam locomotive engine house; ?
? railroad car repair shop, 'engine depot.
Economic: Fishing industry center of 4
all-union importance (1/4-1/3 .USSA
. '
? ?catch); most important industrial center .
? in the oblast? accounting for approxi- '
mately 39 per tent pf oblastis'gross ?
Industrial produttion; ship repairing,
? shipbuilding (fishing boats), wood,-
?:working; fish combine (one of USSRIs.
? largest), refrigerationTlants?.net
and barrel factories; prefabricated -
construction, plywood, reinforced coha
crete, asphalt ,concrete, plastics,' ,
aluminum, roofing material, furniture,
.processed foods plants; sawmill, brick-
yards, bakeries; thermal power plan-4
? Hq., Murmansk Regional Power Network. ?
Educational: Higher nautical school,
pedagogical institute, nautical tekhni-
kum, preschool pedagogical school;_Mur-
manck Branch of Research Institute.of
Territorial Magnetism; Ionosphere, .and
Propagation of Radio Nave's; Arctic : ?
Research Institilte of Fish-breeding
and Oceanography. . Refer also to Mur- .
mansk Target Complex Study (A-1031 ?
0051-9999, July 1954; SECT)'. for pore.
detailed city analysis ?
67-37N; 33-39E. . .
Population: 59,000 (1959 est.)'
? ? I
Administration: City of ciblastsubor-..
dination; center .0e Kirovsk'Adminis-.
trative Area.
Airfields: One Reserve Base (3T mil.)
Transportation: Rail-spur terminus.
Economic: Nationally significant apatite--
. nepheline mining center (90-25 per cent
of USSR production); second most impor-
? tant industrial center in oblast; apatite
combine, 'concentrating plant; local
industry enterprises (bakery, madarOni
plant, woodworking combine); thermal
power plant: ? ?
Educational: Chemical mining te^ khnikum,
medical assistant midwife school; main
branch of Kola Affiliate of USSR A'cademy'
? ?
of Sciences.
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?
??
Monchegorsk ^ ?
. ?
?
?:.
..?
?. . . . .
. SECRET
??? ?
??
67-54N;
TOpulation:..56;000J1959 es'U) . ?
Administration:** City of ?blast subor-:
? dination; center :p Monchegorsk.Admini-
..stratiye Area. ? ? . . . ? ?
: Airfields: One Staging:Base .(6P Mil.*) ?
?Transpcirtation:. Rail-spur terminus.
Economic: *Non-ferrous metallurgical .
'center (copper, .nickel; cobalt); pro-:
? duces one-third USSR nickel production;
' enterprises of lobal.food and lumber ?
industries; tate farm.. %. ?
'Educational: -Mining-m4aliurgical ?
tekhnikum, ? ? ?? .
? Kandalaksha ? ? 67-09N;32-26E. ???
Population: 43,000 (19? 59 :est.) : ? :
Administration: City. of ?blast subor-
.dination;"located in?Kandaiakshskiy
? Rayon. ? ? ? ?
Military: ? Popsiblelopation of Hq., .
? 341st Rifle Divisi?h. ?
Transportation: Secondary seaport; river- .
port; rail center; electric locomotive
.?
engine house. ?
EconoMic:. Sawmilling, wbodworking, Tail- . ?
? road-servicing enterprises.; metalwOrking,
fish canning; aluminum and sUperph6s-
Thate'works,:brick,and tile plants, gran-
? ite quarries; hydroelectric' perer pints
. nearby. ?
? ? 4
? ?
.Severomorsk (Vayenga) ? 69705F; :33"-27E. ?
Population: 23000 (1959.estb).
Administration': City?of?oblast subor-
dination; located, in Kolskiy Rayon.
Military: Principal naval base; 14q.,
. Northern Fleet .(Target 0051-0055); 'M.,
Northern. Fleet Air Defense District. ?
? '.(16);Inaval training.center.
Airfields:'' One Staging Base op mil.)
'Transportation: Secondary seaport;.raii
.Nikel
Pechenga
.?
terminus.
Economic: . Local industries. ?
69-24N; 30-14.
Population: . 10,000 (1959'eSt.)
Administration: Urban settlement; centqr
.of Pecheng6kiy Rayon. ? ? ?
Military:* .(see Pechanga).'
Transportation: Rail-spur terminus..
Economic: Coppef.-nickel mining centers
metallurgical plant: ?
69-33N; 31-12E. ' . ? - ??
Population: 9,006..(3:959..&#.)* ? . ? . ?
Administration:..Urban.settlement; located..
. in Pechengski Rayon;
Hq.l.h5th Rifle Divisiop
--TPiErcengaNikel area;. submarine ba4e.
'Airfields; One Air Defense aate (613 mil.)
?? .
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?Peche.nga (continve0.? ?
. . . .
? . .
Lesnoy
. ?
? ? ?
Cienegorsk ??
? Poliarnyy.
..? ? ?
SECRET.
? ?-
?? .
TranSportation: .-Secondary. seaport; rail
? terminus. ?
Economic: ket4ltrgical.worksl.ship-1
rePair yard; copper-nickel mines nearby.
. ? ?
. .
.66-40N; 3/4-25.E1,. ?
'Population: _8,000 (1959 est.).. ?
. Administration:. ? Urban ettlement; qenter
' of Terskiy Rayon..
? Transportation: Secondary seaport..
'Economic: Sawmilling, fishing, fish
. canning..
? ? ? ? ? '
? ?
? ? 68-09N; 33,15E.
Population: 8,0400 (1959 ? est.)
Administration:: Town of rayon subordi-
? nation; subordinate to Monchegorsk City
? Zxecutive:Committee. ? ? ' ? ?
. ? Airfields: .One Staging Base (11P mil.)
one 432serve Base (4T mil.)' ?
. Transportation: ?Rail junCtion...%
: Economic: Iron ore enterprises.
??
69-12N; 32-28E.. ?
Population: 8,000 (199 est.).
Administration: Town of rayon?subordi-
? nation; center of Polyarnyy Rayon.
.Military: .Principal naval base; maih
? .submarine operating base of Northern.
Fleet. ?
Transportation: secondary seaport."
Economic: fishing, fish canning, lumber
. ?mills..
?
Apatity :67-35N; 33-20E.
Population: ? 6,000 0_959 est!)
Administration: Urban .6ettlement4 subor-
dinate to Kirovsk City Executive Com-,
mittee. ? ??
.?
.
Airfields: One Seaplane Station .(Mil.)
Transportation Rail junction.
Economic: ?Apatite mines nearby. ?
.Kildinstroy
Kola
.68=48 N; 33-06E. ??
Population: 6,000 (l99. est.)
Administration: Urban settlement;
? located in Kolskiy Rayon.
Economic:. Brickworks. ?
68-52N;: 33-00E. ?
Population: 6;000 (1959 est.) ? ?
Administration: :Urban settlement; center
. of Kolskiy Rayon.
Transportation: Minor port. . ? . .
Economic: Construction materials plant,
? food combine, brewery; livestock rai&ing, .
truck farming. ?
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.? ?
6.
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. ?
? . !,tu,rmasiii ?
.?
Nivsitly
Afrikanida :
'E C ?R E T.
. ,
68-49N; 32-49E. ? ? .
Population: .6,00d (l99 est.) ?
Administration: Urban. settlement;
lqoated'in.Kolskiy Rayon. ?
: Airfields:. One Reserve Base (4T ,
pi/mi.) ? ? . . ?
Economic: LUMberipg; 2 sawmills; hydra-?
electrid power plant. ' ?
67-18N; 32-28E: . ? ? .
Population:. 6,00g (1959.est.)
Administration: .Urban' settlement;
. located in Kandala)tshskiy Rayon.' -
? Airfields: Ond Reserve Base .(ba kn.).
Economic: Metalwork.s; hydroeleCtric
power plant.
67-26N; 32-45E.
..PopUlatiOm 5,000 (1959 est.) ?
Admim,stration: Urban settlemeht; subor-%
? dinate to Kirovsk City:Executive.C.bm- ?
mittee.
Airfields: One Staging ? Base (6P .mil.)
Economic: 'Hydroelectric power plant. ?
? %. ?
Kovdor. . ? 66-42N; 32-53E. (approx.)
Population: '5,000 (1959 est.) ?
Administration: Urban settlement; subor-
dinate to Kirovsk City Executive Com-
mittee.
Transportation: Rail termihus.
.Econbmic: Iron ore mining center.
Zasheyek-. 67-24N; 32-33E.
Population: 5,000 (1959 est.) ? ?
Administration: Urban settlement; sub-
ordinate to Kirovsk City Executive
Committee..
Economic: Sawmilling.
Lesozavadskiy
Port Vladimir ?
58-30N; 49-45E.
Population: 41000 (1959 est.)
Administration: Urban settlement; located
in Kandalakshskiy Rayon. ?
Economic: Sawmilling.
69-25N; 33-06E.
Population: 4,000 (1959 est.)
Administration: Urban settlement; located
in Polyarnyy Rayon.
Military: Minor naval base.
Transportation: Minor seaport.
EConomic: Fishing; large fish cannery.
?Sayda-Guba 69-15N; 33-15E.
Population l 14,000 (.1959 est.)
Administration: Urban settlement;
located in Poiyarnyy Rayon.
Military: Minor naval base.
Transportation:. Secondary seaport.
Economic:? 'Fishing; large nsh cannery.
72'_
,SECRE T.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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Teriberka: .
?Zapolyarnyy:
. Zelenobsirskiy
Gremikha
Revda
Tyuva-Guba.
E E
69-09N; 35-12E. ?
,Population t' 4)000 ('l99 ,est.)
Administration: .Urban settlement;
center of Teriberskiy 4ayom.
Military:. Minor naval base.
Airfields:. 'One Reserve Base (5T mil.)
.Transportation: seaport.
Economic;' . Fishing, fish 'canning; ship-
repair yard.
Educational: Biological station nearby.
69-24N;.30-.13.E.' (approx.)
Population: -4i000 (1959 est.)
Administration: Urban settlement;
?
'located' in Pechuigskiy Rayon.
Economic: ,Nickel iining.?
66-494 32-20E. '?
..Population:. 4,000 (1959 est.)
Administration: Urban settlement; %
located in Kandalakshskiy Rayon:
'Economic:, 'Hydroelectric Power Plant.
nearby.-
68-02144 39230E. ?
Population: ? 3)000 (1959 est.)
? Administration: Urban settlement;
.
,center of Saamskiy Rayon. ?
Economic: Fishing.
67-58M; 34-32E.
Pol5ulation: 3,000 .(1959 est.)*
'Administration: Urban settlement;
? located in Lovozerskiy Rayon. ?
Economic: Livestock raising, fishing.
69-11N; 33-08E. ? ?
Populations 3,000 0.959 est.) ?
AdMinistration: Urban settlement;,'
located in Polyarnyy Rayon, ? ?
Military: 'Minor naval base. ? .
Transportation: Secondary seaport:
Economic: Fishing, fish canning. ?
SECRET
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ?50-Yr 2014/04/10: CIA-RDP81-01043R003700190004-3
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