US-SOVIET BILATERAL CONTACTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90T00114R000800230001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 17, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 22, 1987
• Content Type: MEMO

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Chief, Strategic Policy Division, SOVA
Attached for senior Agency officers is an information memorandum
reviewing US-Soviet contacts and exchanges, other than the Geneva nuclear arms
talks, during the nine-month period ending 15 June. It is intended to provide
a brief description of the recent US-Soviet dialogue on issues such as human
rights, scientific and technological cooperation, bilateral exchanges, and
some security areas. Previous memorandums covered the periods from November
1985 through 23 May 1986, and from 23 May through 16 September 1986.
Attachment
a/s
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Iq
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en ra Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C20505
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
US-Soviet Bilateral Contacts and Exchanges:
17 September 066 - June 1981
The US-Soviet dialogue gained momentum in a number of areas throughout
late 1986 and spring 1987 despite the lack of agreement on strategic issues at
the Reykjavik summit in October 1986. For the first time in four years,
substantive bilateral discussions were held in October on navigation and
coastal jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea. For the first time since 1978,
high-level meetings were held in Washington in December under the US-USSR
Cooperative Agreement on Environmental Protection and in April under the US-
USSR Cooperative Agreements in Health and Medical Sciences. Exploratory talks
were held in Moscow in March on expanding cooperation under the recently
renewed US-USSR Cooperative Agreement on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,
including discussion of a new working group on nuclear safety in the wake of
the Chernobyl' accident. In April, Secretary of State Shultz and Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze signed a new space agreement that calls for joint
research in 16 areas, including US participation in the Soviet Mars/Phobos
mission scheduled for 1988.
The Soviets also appeared during this period to have revised their human
rights policy with the aim of diminishing bilateral controversy over some of
the more prominent cases. Dissident Yuriy Orlov was allowed to leave the USSR
just prior to the Reykjavik meeting. In the months after the meeting, several
other dissidents and refuseniks were released, most notably Andrey Sakharov,
who was allowed to return to Moscow from internal exile in December. In
recent months, Soviet officials have also increased the number of exit visas
granted to Jewish refuseniks. More than 150 political prisoners have been
freed from prisons and labor camps, including publishers of dissident
This paper was prepared in the Office of Soviet Analysis. Comments or
questions may be addressed to Chief, US-Soviet Affairs Branch, Strategic
Policy Division
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literature, organizers of religious groups, members of Helsinki monitoring
groups, labor activists, and anti-Russian nationalists.
Consular relations, in contrast, were marred by espionage allegations and
diplomatic expulsions. In the wake of the Daniloff and Zakharov arrests and
the expulsion of 25 members of the Soviet UN Mission, Moscow expelled five US
diplomats, accusing them of engaging in "impermissible activities."
Washington expelled another 55 Soviet diplomats, and Moscow ordered five more
US diplomats to leave the country, in addition to prohibiting Soviet citizens
from working at the Moscow embassy and Leningrad consulate. Nevertheless,
negotiations continue on the opening of a US consulate in Kiev, and the
Soviets allowed a US radiation team to visit Kiev in October to ensure the
safety of the consular site in the aftermath of the Chernobyl' disaster. The
Soviets have also recently been seeking to open discussions on lifting the
ceilings placed on Soviet and US diplomatic personnel as a result of
expulsions on both sides in 1986.
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Bilateral Review Commission ...............................................1
Biological and Chemical Weapons ...........................................1
Civil Aviation ............................................................2
Civil Space Cooperation ...................................................2
Commercial Issues .........................................................2
Consular Issues ...........................................................4
Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy .........................5
Cultural Exchanges ........................................................5
Environmental Protection ..................................................9
Health ...................................................................10
High-Level Meetings and Visits ...........................................10
Housing ..................................................................13
Human Rights .............................................................13
Law of the Sea ...........................................................16
Maritime Issues ..........................................................17
Non-Proliferation Treaty .................................................17
Nuclear Fusion Initiative ................................................18
Nuclear Risk Reductions Centers ..........................................19
Nuclear Testing Experts Meetings .........................................19
Regional Talks ...........................................................20
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Bilateral Review Commission
24-March-3 April. The second round of the Bilateral Review Commission
(BRC) talks was held in Washington. The Soviet delegation presented a draft
Kiev-New York Consulates Construction Agreement. The US side brought up-human
rights issues. The Soviets said that further modifications to Soviet laws on
exit permission were being prepared and that these changes would benefit US
dual nationals as well as others seeking to leave the USSR. The US delegation
presented Soviet BRC delegation head Yevgeniy Kutovoy a revised version of a
package of proposals on reciprocity in embassy living and working
conditions.
13-16 April. During Secretary Shultz's visit to Moscow, a State
Department official met twice with Acting Chief of the USA and Canada
Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vitaliy Mikol'chak to discuss
reciprocity in embassy living and working conditions. Agreement was reached
on most of the procedural points contained in the US package presented at a 1
April BRC meeting. The Soviets also indicated a willingness to provide all
the services that the United States had requested for its missions in the
USSR. The Soviets said they would need a month or so to determine how some of
the services would be provided.
Biological and Chemical Weapons
8-9 October. At a meeting in Moscow, delegations from the US and USSR
Academies of Sciences' subgroups on biological weapons agreed on the necessity
of discouraging biological weapons development and on holding discussions on
possible areas of collaboration. The Soviets noted their initiatives on
verification, but also cited barriers to full exchange of information about
scientific research in this area.
28 October-18 November. The fourth round of US-Soviet bilateral chemical
weapons (CW) negotiations was held in New York. The delegations discussed CW
production facilities, nonproliferation in the civilian sector, challenge
inspection, and bilateral confidence-building measures. The Soviets addressed
the issue of challenge inspection, but the two sides continued to be far
apart, especially on the mandatory nature of the challenge. There was
agreement on the need for bilateral confidence building measures, but not on
specifics.
16 February-5 March. Round five of the bilateral talks on a chemical
weapons treaty was held in Geneva. The US delegation was headed by Ambassador
Lynn Hansen, acting US representative to the Conference on Disarmament. The
Soviet delegation was headed by Ambassador Yuriy Nazarkin, Soviet
representative to the Conference on Disarmament. Topics included monitoring
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the chemical industry, arrangements for bilateral observers, elimination of CW
production facilities, and data exchange.
Civil Aviation
21 March. During bilateral civil aviation discussions in Moscow, the
Soviets agreed to allow a US Federal Aviation Administration delegation to
tour Sheremet'yevo and Pul'kovo airports to observe Soviet airport security
measures. The Soviets proposed that experts' meetings on civil air security
continue on a regular basis and that airport security issues be addressed
within the framework of a cooperative transportation agreement.
Civil Space Cooperation
28-30 October. Negotiations began in Washington between Soviet and US
diplomats and space scientists for a civil space cooperation agreement. The
US negotiating team was headed by John Negroponte, Assistant Secretary of
State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs. The
Soviet delegation was headed by Aleksandr Piradov, Soviet Ambassador at Large,
from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The two sides agreed, subject to
approval by their respective governments (ad referendum), on cooperative
projects for the Soviet Mars mission.
18 December. A US-USSR teleconference was held between NASA personnel
and representatives of the USSR's Institute of Biomedical Problems.
1-9 February. Officials of the Soviet Institute of Biomedical Problems
in Moscow signed a protocol with US space research representatives outlining
the parameters of Soviet-US scientific cooperation on the Cosmos biosatellite
flight scheduled for September-October 1987. The Soviets indicated an
interest in future collaborative work in a number of specific areas.
15 April. Secretary Shultz and Foreign Minister Shevardnadze signed the
US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for
Peaceful Purposes.
Commercial Issues
Mid-September. the USSR's State
Committee for Science and Technology and a major Western chemical corporation
signed an agreement for the exchange of petrochemical and chemical processing
technology.
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5 November. The New York Times reported that PepsiCo may open 100 Pizza
Hut restaurants in the USSR in a joint venture with the USSR.
Late November. Leonid Nikolayevich Zorin, Chief of the Foreign Relations
Department, Ministry of Grain Products, and Mikhail Lukich Timoshishin, Deputy
Minister of Grain Production, visited US agricultural facilities.
8-10 December. At the US-Soviet Trade and Economic Council meeting in
New York, five new contracts for conventional projects and four letters of
intent for joint ventures were signed between Soviet officials and Western
firms.
10 December. A Soviet ministry of Oil Industry official informed the US
Embassy that Soviet interest in joint-venture agreements includes energy
projects, such as exploration, secondary recovery, and refining. The Soviets
are currently discussing joint energy projects with Fluor and Occidental
Petroleum. Moscow considers US trade restrictions to be major barriers.
20 January. The US Commerce Department lifted controls on the export of
oil drilling equipment to the Soviet Union imposed by President Carter in
1978.
12 March. Assistant US Trade Representative W. Douglas Newkirk received
officials from the Soviet Trade Representation to Washington to discuss
ongoing Soviet efforts to participate in the work of the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The Soviet group was headed by Trade Representative
Oleg Kozhevnikov.
24-27 March. The third US-USSR symposium on Medicine and Medical
Equipment was held in Moscow. It was organized on the initiative of the USSR
State Committee Science and Technology and the US-USSR Trade and Economic
Council.
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29 March. A US sound recording company, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab,
announced it has signed a long-term agreement on cooperation with the Soviet
firm Melodiya. The US company will distribute compact disc recordings of
Russian and Soviet classical, jazz, folk, and rock music in the United States
and Canada. The first discs are scheduled to go on sale in April.
30 April. Secretary of Agriculture Lyng announced that the Soviet Union
had agreed to buy four million tons of US subsidized wheat. Lyng said the
sales through commercial US exporters were the result of a US offer in March
to extend to the Soviets the benefits of the export enhancement program.
12 May. Assistant US Trade Representative W. Douglas Newkirk met again
with officials from the Soviet Trade Representation to Washington at their
request to discuss ongoing Soviet efforts to participate in the work of the
GATT.
Consular Issues
17 September. Washington ordered 25 members of the Soviet Mission to the
UN to leave the United States by 1 October.
10-13 October. A team of radiation specialists provided by the US
Department of Energy visited Kiev to collect data on the radiation levels in
the city resulting from the Chernobyl' accident. On the basis of radiation
readings and subsequent analysis, the State Department's Office of Medical
Services concluded that the additional radiation exaosure would not pose a
health risk to US personnel assigned to Kiev.
19 October. The Soviets ordered four US employees from the embassy in
Moscow and one from the consulate in Leningrad to leave the Soviet Union in
retaliation for the 25 Soviet UN employees expelled from the United States.
21 October. The United States expelled 55 Soviet diplomats from
Washington and San Francisco.
22 October. Gorbachev announced the expulsion of five more US diplomats
from the USSR and placed restrictions on guests, third-party national
employees, and temporary staffers at US diplomatic missions in the Soviet
Union. Gorbachev also prohibited Soviet citizens from working at the US
Embassy or consulate.
29 October. Consular Review Talks opened in Washington. The talks
centered on consular problems, including the occupancy of the new consulates
in New York and Kiev.
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20 November. At Soviet request, US Ambassadors Okun and Reed met with
Soviet ambassadors to discuss the recommendation of the Host Country Committee
that the United States and the USSR enter into consultations to solve the
dispute concerning reductions in Soviet UN Mission personnel. Soviet
Ambassador Belonogov stated that his mission was already below the figure
required for April 1987 and that as deadlines after that date are reached and
implemented, further Soviet acts of retaliation against the Moscow embassy
would occur.
7 March. Washington officially informed Moscow that the Soviet UN
Missions (Soviet, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian) must be reduced by over 100
personnel, to a permanent staff of 17U, by 1 April 1988 because of the
disproportionate size of the Soviet UN Missions and evidence that a growing
number of Soviet personnel are engaged in activities incompatible with their
diplomatic status.
Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
2-13 March. The first meeting of Soviet and US nuclear safety
specialists was held in Moscow in accordance with an agreement reached at the
August 1986 meeting of the Joint Committee on Peaceful Uses of Atomic
Energy. The US delegation was headed by Nuclear Regulatory Commissioner
Frederick Bernthal. The Soviet delegation was headed by Andranik M.
Petrosyants, Chairman of the USSR State Committee for the Utilization of
Atomic Energy. The two sides discussed nuclear safety regulation, power plant
operation, safety research, and health care and environmental protection. The
US delegation visited nuclear institutes and facilities to observe Soviet
approaches to nuclear safety. The two sides agreed to a reciprocal visit to
the United States by a Soviet nuclear safety delegation in October or November
1987. Commissioner Bernthal and Boris Semenov signed a protocol for the new
working group on nuclear safety.
Cultural Exchanges
22 August-5 October. An art exhibit entitled "Impressionist-Early Modern
Paintings from the USSR" was shown in Washington and Los Angeles.
29 August-23 September. The Paul Winter Consort performed in Irkutsk,
Leningrad, and Moscow.
1 September-9 October. The Soviet Peace Child Group visited the United
States.
2 September-30 November. The Moiseyev Dance Company visited New York,
Massachusetts, Missouri, Los Angeles, Chicago, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, and Washington.
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15-18 September. A forum on US-Soviet relations cosponsored by the
Chautauqua Institute and the Eisenhower Institute was held in Jurmala, a
resort town on the Baltic coast in Latvia. About 250 US participants,
including journalists and everyday citizens, met with about 2,000 Latvian and
Soviet counterparts in what was billed as a "town meeting" for open,
18 September-5 October. The Slavyanka Chorus of San Francisco performed
in Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, and Yerevan.
24 September-12 October. "American Woodcuts: Revival and Innovation"
was shown at the Artists' Union in Moscow and Leningrad. The exhibit was
sponsored by the international Arts America Exhibition Program.
25 September-16 october. The Kiev Ballet on Ice performed in various US
cities.
13 October-15 July. A Soviet cultural delegation visited Washington for
the opening at the Renwick Gallery of an exhibit of 1850-1910 Russian
paintings entitled, "Russia: The Land, the People." The delegation included
Yevgeniy Zaitsev, First Deputy Minister for Culture; Tair Salakhov, First
Secretary of the Presidium of the Soviet Union of Artists; and Vladimir
Gulyaev, Director of the Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts. The
delegation met with officials of USIA and the National Gallery to discuss
future exchanges. The delegation visited New York for similar discussions at
the Cooper-Hewitt and Metropolitan Museums. The exhibit also was scheduled to
be shown in Chicago and Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was organized by the
Smithsonian Institution, which will send a group of 1850-1910 American
paintings to museums in Leningrad and Moscow in October 1987 to complete the
exchange.
14-30 October. The Manhattan String Quartet toured Tbilisi, Yerevan,
Moscow, Leningrad, and Riga.
16-21 October. The Moscow State Symphony Orchestra visited the
University of Michigan, Philadelphia, New York, and Washington.
1U-28 November. The first joint US-Soviet photographic exhibit, entitled
"Face to Face: A Photographic Portrait of the Peoples of the USSR and the
USA," was shown at the UN. The exhibit was later shown in Washington and
Chicago before going to the USSR in May.
9-23 November. The Surry Opera Company performed "Boris Godunov" in the
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9-21 December. Eleven Young Cosmonauts came to the United States and
toured the Kennedy Space Flight Center.
4-11 January. A Soviet youth delegation visited New York and Washington
as part of an official youth exchange.
20 January-20 February. Soviet pianist Nikolay Arnoldovich Petrov
performed in New York, Atlanta, Connecticut, Wisconsin, and New Jersey.
28-29 January. Soviet pianist Andrey Gavrilov performed in New York.
3-21 February. Soviet pianist Lazar Berman performed in New York,
Stamford, San Francisco, Washington, Austin, and Los Angeles.
8-22 February. As part of an official youth exchange, 27 teenage dancers
from the Perm' State Ballet School visited New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana,
and Washington.
13 February-1 March. Pianist Daniel Pollack performed in Moscow,
Leningrad, Tallinn, Riga, and Kiev.
22 February-4 March. Eight Soviets visited Jacksonville. Florida as part
of the Jacksonville-Murmansk Sister Cities Program.
22 February-4 March. A delegation from the Soviet Journalists' Union
visited the United States at the invitation of the American Society of
Newspaper Editors under an exchange program between the Society and the
Journalists' Union of the USSR. The visit had been scheduled for the end of
September 1986, but the American Society postponed it in protest of Moscow's
detention of Nicholas Daniloff.
11-31 March. A collection of 117 paintings entitled "An American
Vision: Three Generations of Wyeth Art" was exhibited in Moscow and
Leningrad. It was the first exhibit of American art to appear in the USSR
since the US-USSR cultural agreement was signed at the Geneva summit in
1985.
17 March. The 40-member Tallinn Chamber Choir performed in San
Antonio.
20 March-3 April. Soviet opera Soloist Paata Shalvovich Burchuladze
performed in Philadelphia.
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25 March. Moscow radio broadcast a 54-minute "radio bridge" between Kiev
and Milwaukee.
26 March-10 April. The Dave Brubeck Quartet performed in Moscow,
Tallinn, and Leningrad.
28 March. A "telebridge" organized by Phil Donahue was conducted between
New York and Moscow.
29 March-5 April. A Sister City delegation from Petrozavodsk visited
Duluth.
31 March-13 April. Five Soviet humorists, including the editors of
Soviet Life and Krokodil, visited Washington, Los Angeles, Nashville, and
Philadelphia, and participated in the Sixth International Conference on World
Humor. A reciprocal visit by American humorists to the USSR will be held in
1988.
8 April. Peter Jennings and three other American journalists hosted a
telebridge on "The Role of the Media in Current US-USSR Relations," which
linked up broadcasting studios in Moscow and San Francisco, with contributions
from studios in Boston and Tbilisi. The telebridge was broadcast at 20
universities in the United States and was broadcast in the Soviet Union on 13
May.
14-26 April. Twenty-one Soviets visited Washington, Boston, Buffalo,
Albany, New York City, and New Haven at the invitation of the American
Friendship Society.
19-26 April. A delegation from the Soviet Journalists' Union visited New
York and Washington.
21 April-5 May. The editor of 0 on ok Vitaliy Korotich, visited
Washington, New Orleans, and New York.
21 April-5 May. A Sister Cities delegation from the city of Khmelnitsky
visited Modesto, California.
5-12 May. A Sister Cities delegation from Dushanbe visited Boulder,
16 May-27 June. An exhibit of Boehm porcelain masterpieces, organized by
Armand Hammer, opened in the Razin Street Exhibition Hall in Moscow.
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20 May. A 20-member Sister City delegation from Yerevan arrived in
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
21-23 May. Six Soviet mayors, including those from Tashkent, Vilnius,
Baku, and Khmelnitsk , attended the first Sister Cities Mayors' Conference in
Seattle.
23 May. The first of a series of joint television programs depicting
political and cultural life in the United States and the Soviet Union was
broadcast via satellite in the Soviet Union. The first of the four to six
part series, entitled "Congress Bridge," featured Congressional
Representatives George E. Brown, Jr. and Claudine Schneider and several
members of the Supreme Soviet.
26 May. Foreign Ministry spokesman Yuriy Gremitskikh officially
announced that Moscow has stopped jamming VOA radio broadcasts, saying it was
an "act of goodwill" in the absence of an accord with Washington that would
allow more Soviet broadcasts to reach Americans. (However, US officials
reported that Soviet jamming equipment that had been used against VOA was now
being directed at other Western radio services that broadcast to the Soviet
Union and Eastern Europe, including Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe.)
26-30 May. The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra performed two concerts in
Moscow and two in Leningrad.
27-31 May. The 39-member touring company of the Kirov Ballet performed
in the Civic Opera House in Chicago.
5-25 June. The Pat Metheny fusion jazz group performed in the USSR.
5 June. The USIA exhibition, "Information USA," the first US traveling
exhibit since 1979, opened in Moscow. The exhibit is designed to show the
Soviets the effects the information and communications revolution have had on
American life. The exhibit will travel to nine Soviet cities before returning
to the United States in December 1988.
Environmental Protection
23 September-12 October. Two Soviet scientists from the State Committee
for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control Vladimir I. Yegorov and V.
Koropalov, visited the United States to arrange for a Joint
Atmospheric/Oceanographic Cruise, as well as cooperation between the United
States and an atmospheric monitoring site in the USSR under the US-USSR
Environmental Protection Agreement.
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10-16 November. Meetings were held in Leningrad in connection with the
US-USSR Agreement on the Protection of the Environment. The Soviet scientists
expressed interest in joint modeling of the Chernobyl' incident.
13-18 December. A meeting was held in Washington of the US-USSR Joint
Committee on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection. Scientists
from the United States and the USSR agreed to consider what measures may be
needed to halt the destruction of the ozone by man-made chemicals.
4-9 February. An ozone conference was held in the USSR.
15 April-b August. Saga '87, the Joint US-USSR Atmospheric-Oceanographic
Cruise, left Vladivostok 15 April and arrived at Hilo, Hawaii on 27 April. It
is scheduled to sail to the Kamchatka Peninsula, New Zealand, Burma, and
around the Indo-Chinese Peninsula. Saga '87 will arrive in Singapore on 25
June and will return to Hilo on 20 July. The ship will return to Vladivostok
on 5 August.
10 June. A delegation from the US Department of the Interior met with
Al eksand r Ul i ti n, Chairman of the Board of the RSFSR Union of Societies of
Hunters and Fishermen, to discuss the conservation of natural resources and
the development of sports fishing.
Health
13-17 October. A planning meeting of the US-USSR Cancer Program was held
in Moscow.
High-Level Meetings and Visits
19-20 September. Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze met separately
with President Reagan and Secretary Shultz in Washington. Shevardnadze and
Shultz were to have set the stage for a new summit between President Reagan
and General Secretary Gorbachev; instead, the talks were dominated by the
Nicholas Daniloff affair. No summit date was set. Shevardnadze met with
Reagan for an unscheduled 45-minute talk. The President gave Shevardnadze a
sharply worded account of US displeasure over Moscow's refusal to release
Daniloff.
23 September. Shultz and Shevardnadze met twice in closed meetings.
Shevardnadze told the UN General Assembly that the United States and USSR
could have progress in arms control and that a summit in 1986 was possible.
He claimed that the USSR was ready at any time to sign an agreement on the
total prohibition of nuclear testing and was "open to any form or method of
verification."
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27-28 September. Shultz met Shevardnadze in New York for three hours in
an effort to resolve the dispute over the espionage charges against Nicholas
Daniloff. It was reported later that at this meeting Shultz and Shevardnadze
agreed that the United States would release accused Soviet spy Gennadiy
Zakharov into the custody of the Soviet Embassy in Washington, and Moscow
would release Nicholas Daniloff and grant exit permission to a prominent
4-13 October. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop and Head of the Center for
Disease Control James Mason met with Ministry of Health officials in the USSR
to discuss the possibility of expanding medical cooperation between the two
countries. The Soviets identified their priority areas of interest as cancer,
cardiovascular diseases, environmental health problems, infectious diseases,
and eye disease.
11-12 October. President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev met for
11 hours over two days during a minisummit in Reykjavik. According to
Secretary Shultz, the two leaders nearly agreed on ways to "deal effectively
with intermediate-range missiles" and made progress toward an agreement on
limiting underground nuclear tests. However, potential agreements failed to
materialize when the two sides deadlocked on the issue of the Strategic
Defense Initiative. Gorbachev insisted that SDI be cut back to a laboratory-
only research project, and Reagan refused to compromise. Gorbachev termed the
summit "a failure," blaming Reagan for his refusal to abandon SDI. Despite
the impasse on arms control issues, the two sides agreed to seek conclusion of
a cooperative civil space agreement and to conclude an arrangement for the
promotion of nuclear fusion research.
11-12 October. In Reykjavik, USIA Director Charles Wick met with
Aleksandr N. Yakolev, Soviet Communist Party Secretary in Charge of
Propaganda, to discuss ways of expanding the flow of information between the
two countries. Yakolev told Wick that Moscow would cease jamming VOA
broadcasts if the United States allowed the Soviets access to US medium-wave
radio.
5-6 November. Shultz met with Shevardnadze in Vienna, where both were
attending the opening of a review conference on the 1975 Helsinki accords. No
progress was made toward agreeing on any of the proposals made at the
Reykjavik meeting for sharp reductions in nuclear arms.
14 November. A courtesy call was paid to USDA Under Secretary Amstutz by
newly arrived Soviet Agricultural Attache Nikolay G. Pervov. Under Secretary
Amstutz stated the US desire to hold Long-Term Grain Agreement (LTA)
consultations and Joint Committee Working Group meetings in January 1987.
Pervov emphasized the need for greater technological cooperation. Amstutz
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stressed that such cooperation would only improve if the USSR honored the LTA,
allowed US officials to travel to Soviet crop areas, and permitted better US
access to Soviet officials and end-users of agricultural products.
16-22 November. Dr. James B. Wyngaarden, Director of NIH, led a small
delegation to Moscow to discuss revitalization of cooperative activities under
the US-USSR Health Agreements and to visit selected research institutions.
17-21 November. Housing and Urban Development Secretary Samuel Pierce
led a US delegation to Moscow to introduce Soviet end-use and trade
organizations to a broad range of American technology and to stimulate
interest in American contributions to the May 1987 International Construction
5-6 December. Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige met with Soviet
Foreign Trade Minister Boris Aristov in Washington. After a meeting of the
US-USSR Joint Commercial Commission, the two sides announced that they would
work to improve commercial relations. Baldrige announced that agreement had
been reached on ending the US ban on the importation of Soviet nickel and on
giving US firms better access to the USSR for several nonstrategic industries,
including food processing, construction equipment, iron ore smelting, coal
slurry pipelines, irrigation equipment, and chemicals.
26 January. During a visit to Moscow, Ambassador Stephen Rhinesmith,
Coordinator of the President's US-Soviet Exchange Initiative, met with Soviet
cultural officials and other individuals, including dissident scientist Andrey
Sakharov.
23-24 February. Semiannual discussions on the US-USSR Long-Term Grain
Agreement (LTA) were held in Washington. The US side was headed by USDA Under
Secretary Amstutz, and the Soviet delegation was led by First Deputy Minister
of Foreign Trade Vladislav Mal'kevich. The wheat issue was not resolved. The
Soviets blamed high US wheat prices for their failure to meet their LTA wheat
purchase commitment, but announced the purchase of 1.5 million tons of US
corn. The Soviets also suggested modifying the LTA with some adjustment of
the wheat minimum or removal of the minimum wheat purchase commitment from the
agreement. No date was set for the next round of semiannual consultations.
27 February-14 March. Nuclear Regulatory Commissioner Frederick Bernthal
led a delegation to the USSR that met with officials of the State Committee
for the Utilization of Atomic Energy to discuss activities under the US-USSR
Atomic Energy Agreement. In a 3 March discussion on environmental and health
effects of radiation, the Soviet side expressed considerable interest in a
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Lawrence Livermore Laboratory study on radiation dispersion following the
Chernobyl' accident. The US delegation broached the possibility of
establishing a new working group on nuclear safety. In connection with this,
the NRC deleaat~scussed a possible visit by a Soviet team to Lawrence
Livermore.
13-16 April. The eighth meeting of the Joint Committee on Health was
held in Bethesda. The US delegation was led by HHS Assistant Secretary Robert
Windom and Surgeon General C. Everett Koop. The Soviet delegation was led by
First Deputy Minister of Health Oleg Shchepin and Health Ministry Foreign
Relations Advisor Ivan Nikitin. The US delegation delivered a strong protest
to the Soviets over their AIDS disinformation campaign. New areas of
cooperation were discussed, including medical primatology, health promotion,
alcoholism, and drug addiction.
13-16 April. Secretary Shultz met in Moscow with Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze on 13 April to discuss removing medium-range missiles from
Europe, as well as the issues of Afghanistan, human rights, and embassy
security. On 14 April Shultz met with Premier Nikolay Ryzhkov and General
Secretary Gorbachev. Shultz and Shevardnadze signed a bilateral Agreement on
Cooperation in Space Exploration and the Use of Space for Peaceful Purposes.
Shevardnadze handed Shultz a status report on a number of human rights
cases. At a press conference in Moscow, Shultz stated that there might be a
bilateral exchange of visits to chemical weapons destruction facilities. On
16 April Soviet television aired the first unedited interview with a US
secretary of state shown on Soviet television.
28 May-6 June. USIA Director Charles Wick met with Anatoliy Dobrynin and
Aleksandr Yakovlev in separate meetings in Moscow to discuss continuing the
development of the US-Soviet bilateral scientific, cultural, and information
exchanges. Wick attended the opening of the USIA traveling exhibition,
"Information USA."
Housing
16-26 March. US specialists on wood building materials and construction
visited the USSR.
Human Rights
5 October. Soviet dissident Yuriy Orlov was released from Lefortovo
Prison and deported under an arrangement with the United States that resolved
the cases of Nicholas Daniloff and Gennadiy Zakharov.
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11 November. Congressman Steny Hoyer, Cochairman of the Commission on
Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and Commission member Senator
Dennis Deconcini met with members of the Soviet delegation at the Vienna CSCE
Followup Meeting. Congressman Hoyer presented a list of 20 divided spouses,
12 family visit cases, and approximately 370 emigration cases to Soviet
Ambassador Kashlev.
21 November. In a bilateral meeting in Vienna with members of a
Congressional delegation, Soviet CSCE Ambassador Kashlev handed over a list of
divided spouse and family cases, which he stated had been resolved during the
period 6-18 November. The list included 13 cases of individuals allowed to
leave the USSR for the United States to reunify with their spouses, five
allowed to leave to reunify with family members, and 50 allowed to visit on
the basis of family ties and other personal reasons.
8 December. Former Helsinki monitor Anatoliy Marchenko died in Chistopol
Prison.
18 December. Andrey Sakharov was released from internal exile in
Gorkiy.
29 December. A group of about 50 Soviet emigres returned to the Soviet
Union from the United States. This move was highly publicized by Soviet
media. (A total of over 150 third-wave emigres were allowed to return to the
USSR between October 1986 and February 1987.)
1 January. More detailed regulations on leaving the Soviet Union took
effect. The regulations specify that family reunification, narrowly defined,
is the only accepted reason for emigration. Emigration officials are to act
on applications within six months and provide denied applicants with an
explanation.
28 January. Ambassador Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State
for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, and Ambassador Zimmermann, US CSCE
delegation chairman, met in Vienna with Soviet Ambassador Yuriy Kashlev.
Schifter and Zimmermann reiterated priority areas in which the United States
seeks Soviet human rights improvements, while acknowledging the significance
of recent developments in the USSR such as the release of the Sakharovs and
Inna Meiman.
2 February. The Soviet Foreign Ministry claimed that about 500 Soviet
citizens, mostly Jewish, were given exit visas in January, a sharp increase
over the number of people allowed to emigrate in preceding months. The Vice
President of the Soviet Anti-Zionist Committee claimed that about 10,000
refusenik cases were being reviewed under liberalized criteria.
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4 February. A bilateral meeting was held in Vienna between the US and
Soviet CSCE delegations, which concentrated mainly on security and human
rights questions. Ambassador Zimmermann raised several specific human rights
cases that the United States viewed as particularly important.
10 February. Foreign Ministry spokesman Gennadiy Gerasimov announced at
a press briefing that the Supreme Soviet had passed two decrees pardoning 140
political prisoners. He added that about 140 other cases were under review.
As of the end of April , reports of 136 releases had reached the West.
12 March. At a CSCE group session, Soviet Basket III Chief Yevstavyev
passed the US Ambassador a "nonpaper" containing a list of cases of interest
to the United States that recently had been resolved.
19 March. Sergey Ivanko, a member of the board of Novosti news agency,
stated in an interview with a US television network that he expected as many
as 12,000 Jews to emigrate to Israel this year.
20 March. Novosti reported that the Soviet visa-issuing authority
reported 10,000 Soviet Jews had applied to leave by January.
27 March. During the CSCE meetings in Vienna, US Ambassador Zimmerman
raised with Soviet Ambassador Kashlev a list of political prisoners still
incarcerated in Perm' labor camp, as well as a list of cases of special
interest to Andrey Sakharov. Kashlev showed special interest in the fact that
the cases were of interest to Sakharov.
6 April. During the CSCE meeting in Vienna, Ambassador Zimmermann and
Ambassador Kashlev had their first comprehensive, one-on-one discussion.
Kashlev passed to Zimmermann a list of cases and the action taken on them, all
drawn from a long list of divided spouse and family visits and reunification
cases that had been presented to the Soviets by Congressman Hoyer. The list
consisted of 158 cases, involving 388 individuals. Kashlev stated it would be
more difficult to agree on far-reaching Western human rights texts at Vienna
than to increase Soviet human rights performance on the ground.
15 April. Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze handed Secretary Shultz a
status report on a number of human rights cases. The document listed 70
individuals whose applications to emigrate to or visit the United States or
Israel had been approved, who had already left the USSR or had died, or who
had been refused exit permission.
30 April. Minister-Counselor Kutovoy of the Soviet Embassy met with a
State Department official to present further information regarding resolved
human rights cases.
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1 June. The Intergovernmental Committee for Migration in Geneva
announced that Jewish emigration from the USSR in the first four months of
1987 surpassed the total for all of 1986. Ninety-eight Jews left the Soviet
Union in January, 146 in February, 470 in March, 717 in April, and 871 in
May. (In 1986 a total of 914 Jews were allowed to leave the Soviet Union.
Between 1971 and 1980, over 10,000 Jews emigrated each year, with a peak of
51,547 in 1979.)
Law of the Sea
8-10 October. US-USSR maritime boundary talks were held in Washington.
The controversy over the boundary between Alaska and the USSR, which has
implications regarding fishing rights and natural resources, was not
resolved.
14-15 October. Consultations were held in Washington on general Law of
the Sea issues. These were the first substantive bilateral discussions in
four years on navigation and coastal jurisdiction. The Soviets proposed a
followup meeting of experts in Moscow in the spring or summer of 1987.
2-6 December. Protracted and difficult meetings were held in Moscow on
the deep seabed mine site conflict.
2 February. A meeting on the deep seabed mine site conflict was held in
New York. It was agreed that the United States would prepare a paper on
arrangements for implementing the technical settlement to be reached between
the international consortia and the USSR.
8-15 March. Informal bilateral meetings were held in Geneva on deep
seabed mining. Progress was made toward resolving deep seabed mine site
conflicts. Counterproposals were made by three deep seabed mining consortia
(OMA, UMI, and OMCO) on their respective conflicts with the USSR.
20-24 April. Exploratory discussions were held in Moscow on fisheries
issues. The US delegation was headed by Ambassador Edward E. Wolfe. The
Soviet delegation was headed by Or. Vyacheslav K. Zilanov, Chief,
International Relations, Ministry of Fisheries. Major attention was given to:
possible access by US crab fisherman to stocks inside the Soviet Exclusive
Economic Zone; developing a framework arrangement to increase fisheries and
scientific cooperation; and the whaling issue.
24-25 May. Negotiations to conclude a government implementation
agreement on deep seabed mine site conflicts between the USSR and the Western
seabed mining consortia continued in Vienna. A multilateral agreement was
reached ad referendum.
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26 May. Fisheries Ministry spokesman Dr. Vyacheslav K. Zilanov announced
that Moscow has decided to stop commercial whaling for technical and
ecological reasons. This statement followed an announcement by Moscow Radio
the week before that the country's last whaling fleet was returning to base
from the Antarctic in accordance with a decision to stop whaling in the 1987-
88 season. According to Reuter, the earlier report suggested there would be
no resumption of whaling, but Zilanov appeared to leave open the possibility
that the Soviet Union could begin whaling again if ocean stocks were
replenished.
Maritime Issues
10 November. A meeting of the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Council was held in London. US and Soviet delegates to the IMO and other US
and Soviet officials met informally to discuss the draft convention for the
suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation. The
Soviets expressed strong support for a convention against maritime
terrorism. US-USSR bilateral talks were held on Search and Rescue (SAR) and
radio navigation.
13-14 January. The third round of US-Soviet maritime negotiations was
held in Washington. No substantive progress was made on resolving the basic
differences on the issues: Soviet insistence on being admitted to the US
crosstrades; US insistence on a workable bilateral cargo-sharing agreement;
and the question of improved access for Soviet vessels to US ports. The US
delegation was led by Maritime Administrator John Gaughan, and the Soviet
delegation by I.M. Averin, Director of the International Relations Department
of the Ministry of Merchant Marines.
7-8 April. US-USSR Search and Rescue discussions were held in Moscow.
The Soviets informed the US Coast Guard of their intention to ratify the 1979
International SAR Convention. Bilateral talks will continue in order to
conclude a US-Soviet SAR agreement.
Non-Proliferation Treaty
12 December. Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Petrovskiy met with the US
Ambassador in Moscow to deliver preliminary notification of Soviet intention
to join Protocols 2 and 3 of the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone, with some
reservations.
15-18 December. The United States hosted the eighth round of US-USSR
Consultations on Non-Proliferation Issues, which began in December 1982.
Consultations covered support for the Non-Proliferation Treaty, strengthening
of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nuclear safeguards, and measures
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to improve nuclear export controls. The US delegation was led by Ambassador
at Large Richard T. Kennedy. The Soviet delegation was led by Boris A.
Semenov, Deputy Chairman, State Committee on the Utilization of Atomic
Energy.
Nuclear Fusion Initiative
Late September. After extensive negotiations, the first of a reciprocal
pair of visits to superconducting magnet testing facilities in Leningrad and
Oak Ridge was held. Three US specialists toured the T-15 superconducting
magnet fabrication facilities at Eremov Institute in Leningrad.
5-6 October. The second of the reciprocal visits took place when three
Soviets visited the International Energy Agency (IEA) Large Coil Task (LCT)
facility at Oak Ridge.
11-12 October. At Reykjavik, President Reagan and General Secretary
Gorbachev endorsed a bilateral workplan calling for intensified practical
efforts to develop international cooperation in the utilization of
thermonuclear fusion.
16 November. Prior to the meeting in Kyoto, Japan of the International
Fusion Research Council (International Atomic Energy Agency), US-Soviet
bilateral meetings were held to discuss the summit fusion initiative. The US
delegation was led by Department of Energy Director of Energy Research Dr.
Alvin Trivelpiece. The Soviet delegation, led by Boris Kadomtsev, informally
responded to a US proposal that the European Community, Japan, the USSR, and
the United States join together to prepare a single conceptual design for an
engineering test reactor. Kadomstev stated that the Soviets were disappointed
that they had not had an opportunity to discuss the proposal with the United
States before it had been presented to the IAEA and the other proposed fusion
participants. He also expressed concern that such cooperation might merely be
a repetition of previous work done under the auspices of the IAEA.
19 December. Boris Semenov, the Deputy Chairman of the State Committee
on the Utilization of Atomic Energy, met informally with Dr. Alvin Tri vel pi ece
to discuss the fusion initiative endorsed at the Reykjavik summit, while in
Washington for the bilateral nonproliferation discussions.
17 February. Routine US-Soviet bilaterals were held prior to the
International Atomic Energy Agency board meeting in Vienna to discuss the
board meeting agenda.
15-16 March. A Quadripartite Fusion Meeting between the United States,
USSR, Japan, and the European Economic Community (EC) was held in Vienna. The
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other parties were generally positive to the US proposal for a conceptual
design activity for an engineering test reactor to be conducted under IAEA
auspices, but the EC and Japan were not authorized to approve it. It was
agreed that a working group would be appointed to develop the objectives of
the design and a plan for the organization of the activity.
Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers
13 January. The first round of formal negotiations for the establishment
of nuclear risk reduction centers (NRRCs) was held in Geneva. The US
delegation was cochaired by Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle and
Special Assistant to the President Robert Linhard. The Soviet delegation was
headed by Ambassador Aleksey Obukhov. Each side presented a draft
agreement. The two texts contained many similarities, including major points
of the agreement reached at expert-level discussions in August 1986. Both
sides proposed to establish an NRRC in the national capital and to include a
special communication link below the head-of-government level for the
transmission of agreed notifications such as ballistic missile launches.
Principal differences included whether to include notifications of military
exercises under the 1975 Helsinki Final Act and the 1986 Stockholm Document
(the Soviet draft does not provide for such notifications through the NRRCs)
and whether, as the Soviets proposed, to have the Standing Consultative
Commissin address the "scope and format" of eventual notifications.
3-4 May. The second round of negotiations on nuclear risk reduction
centers was held in Geneva. Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle and
Special Assistant to the President Robert Linhard cochaired the US
delegation. The two sides reached an agreement ad referendum on establishing
NRRCs. The United States dropped its demand for conventiona military
notifications under the Helsinki Final Act and the Stockholm CUE agreement.
Nuclear Testing Experts Meetings
4-17 September. The second round of US-Soviet Nuclear Testing Experts
talks in Geneva focused on the technical issues of verification. The US
delegation head was Dr. Robert Barker, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Atomic Energy. The Soviet delegation was headed by Andranik Petrosyants,
Chairman of the State Committee for the Utilization of Atomic Energy.
13-25 November. The third round of US-Soviet Nuclear Testing Experts
talks in Geneva focused on reaching an agreement on an agenda for negotiations
on nuclear testing.
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22 January-9 February; 16-2U March. The fourth round of US-Soviet
Nuclear Testing Experts talks in Geneva failed to reach agreement on a
framework for future negotiations on nuclear testing.
18-29 May. The fifth round of US-Soviet Nuclear Testing Experts talks in
Geneva built upon the April discussions between Shultz and Shevardnadze,
centering on formulating an agenda for future negotiations on nuclear testing
and the Soviet orooosal for joint experiments designed to improve verification
measures.
Regional Talks
16-17 March. State Department Under Secretary for Political Affairs
Michael Armacost met with First Deputy Minister Vorontsov and Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze in Moscow for the second "suprareyional" exchange. Under
Secretary Armacost proposed dates for the 1987 bilateral regional expert
cycle. Afghanistan, the Middle East, and Central America were discussed at
length.
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