(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED PUBLICATION ENTITLED, "PROGRESS AND CHANGES IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF POLAND"(SANITIZED)

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• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
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• Publication Date: October 2, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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Antoni '11.1ALISKX
FIROGYtESS AND CilANGM IN THE T.IVISTIn ALIZATtON OF POLAND
The basic idea of ?rofessor ,leszczycki# a paper can be
summarized as the need for eoncentration of research activity
In applied geography around definite problems1. I think that
economic growth should bo one of ' these problems.. We have a ,
good example of this in the. "Essays on GeographY and Economic
Devolorlent" , a Volume 'published. 'in 1960 , in Ohicag82.
The main aim of this paper ia to stimulate the discus-
.
sion on geography of industrial Growth which is the most im-
portant precess in the economic development.
ry. paper consists of three :parts, The first Part io an
attempt .to, outlinethe characteristic_ features of three, in-
dustrial revolutiena taking place.,in, the ,last hundred years
on. the Polish territory', The seCond. pt presents the geo-,
graphica 1 structure of industrial. tic onmy of Poland in 1S/60. ?
and the place of industries of oUr country in the world eco-
flOItl7d The third part deseribes ,the .basic ,trends of change
In the geographical pattern of. the Poll.sh: industry in the
35-year period /1946-1980/
I. Three . industrial revolutiOns on r02.,AmdLaLIftrnamy:
' An industrial revolution, In my. opinion, is' the. economic
and social process bas'ed on technelogleal changes in produe-
,
ti on , loading . up in a comparatively short ,period or time to a .
definite. raise in the level of development and the *change of '
structure of national economy. Such a revolution can be ob-
served by changes in the following. indfces:
/1/
'/3/
absolute and relative growthipf secondary and. tertiary
occupations; .
growth of per capita national -income and the share of in-
dustrial sector in its Creation;
growth of intaangional and intornAtionaltrade.and in-
STAT
. STAT
T
1 7
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orease'in relative importa'etoe of revs materials in iMports
? 4
and of industrially processed goods in export's;
,
/4/ growth. ofurban population.). .
Itis possible to distinvish three distinct stages of .
industrial economic growth which' may be called .industrial iO
volutions within Polish territory. The first one ',The take-off"I
revolution was started in the middle of the 19th century when '
the'present Poland'S territory wail, divided between three'dif
repent states'. Prussia, Austria and Russia. At that time .
'the great agrarian reforms /abolition of serfdom and granting,
of lend ownership to the liberated peasants/ broke the en-
forced link between the landlord and the :peasant enabling the
1
latter to migrate and creating in this way an armysof cheap
labour force for the growing industries. Construction of -
railway lines /1000 km, about 2460., 22000 km about 1910/
created the necessary condition.for the' development.of inter-
regitinal and international trade.
the industt'ves located on the present Polish territory
found their place in the international division of labour Of
this time. An impOrtant item n this development was-the p.oe.
litical division of the. territory leading.to the incorporation:
Ir; of these industries into three "common market0.areas of Go?
many, Austria and Russia.
Thus in the last years prior to the World War ,1 more than .
a million of industrial workers existed an the present Poland's' -
territory. The studies of Pounds, Straezewicz5.and Misztal6
present a.detail'ev4dence that the present pattern of the in-
,
dustrial rogions'of Upper Silesia, 1,05d'S and. Warsaw. were es-
tablished in the last.50 years prior to the WoT6 War I /see:,
the maps presenting the historical ovelution of Warsaw
In?
dustrial Region/:
A/ In spite of our critical attitud4 towards the general
direction of thinking presented in the publication .of
W.W. Rostow - I shall use Sem? notions introduced by,
. this author because of their brevity in describing the
basio featuree mr some 'phenomena of economic growth. .
/Soo: W.W. Re:Zie -*The stages' of economic growth. ? Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1960..
?
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?
?
The porid between 191n aLd 1959 did not Introduce basic
changes 'into the volume of industrial activity and share in
'nationSl'oconomy.. Nevertheless the_industryin the recon-
Eitructed.Polish. State was .party successful. in the adaptation
of its output to the demand or the intoeated national market
and in the construction of some new planto.startingothe pro-
duction of industrial commodities which had not been produced
on thia. territory.in the 19th century /some products of the
machinatooI, eleetroteChnical,,chemical and food industries/.
The most Important was the seCond industrial revolution
of the years .1946-1960 The system of socialistie planning
was able to create the conditions for a "big push" of our
national economy /see table 4 and 54. The main effect of this
- "b g push" is the Pact that Poland ()rotated the threshold of
400 dollars .per capita national. inoomex. This croSiing is ge-
nerally recognized' as the neceseary :condition of self-induced
economic gi,o*tho , This moans that national economy in Poland ?
generatea at present sufficient amount of capital- to establish
a proper equilibrium between the capital necessary for 'invest-
ment and the velume of commodities and services necessary for
the present consumption: ,
The perspeative plan of. the development of Poland'a eao-
nomy it the years 1960-1980 provides for the development of
eConomy which I have called "the achievement of industrial ?
.maturity", This third stage' of the industrial revolution.is
illustrated by the following main features: ?
*Ai grossing. of. the threshold of 1000 dollar per :capita national
. income
' -1/4 ?
x/ Using data on,national income in international comparisons
we should not forget the difficulties existing in this field.
There are three most important causes of these difficulties:
I/ different methods of computation and especially the fact
that the services are not recoEnized as a factor creating
the national income in, the socialist countries
2/ different price systems
3/ different methods of computations 'of the *relative value
Of national currencies
4 ?
?
...or
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/2/ achievemett.of a high level in the efficiency of industria1
labou'r;; if we Put the data for. 1960 as 100 the following
target indices for 1980'. are proposed!
? - industrial enployment . about 180
labour efficiency -.about 440 ?
value added by manufacture . about
'350
/3/ achievement of.a relativull'high level of per capita turn.
over in international trade /see table 6/.
'These main feature 9f the already described industrial
.revolutions are illUstrated in datail-in Table I.
11, 1112_1225r22121222_zattern of Polieh'industrial econom
In 1960 . ?
The data presented inthe: first part of my paper supply
a sufficient background for diseusaiolof..the historic per
speCtiVes of industrialnation of Polish territory. Tables 7
and '8 present:materials illustrating the of Poland
among the world industries EndComparition? of item? economic.
. .
'
indices for the United .Kingdom and Poland.: We :ray say with
certain amount of Preoiolen *that the'tdtal voltLeie Of UK indu-
strial production is 5,5 titles bigger than the Polish one,
and the per capita produotion about 3' timev biggC,-./estimates
for 1960/. Let us consider' now the. geographical patorn. of
Polish industrial economy. To eutablish'ths pattern oven.
,indioes, were compiled.. These are:
'1/ density of.population'
2/ percentage of '.urban Population.
3/ industrial employment per 100 sq.km. /densi-",;:t
employment/
4/ industrial employment per 1 thousand
5/ pr capita national Income 1959 .
6/.the share of industry in natienal:.lneome:
7/ the areal intensity, of indUstrialization?asdeftned
percentage of the Irea of povicts With denE.ity industrial
employment above the oo,try's averabe in relateet to tLe
total erea of the voivodehip.
of' ind,.:Strfai.
. ,
inhab t'entS
??? ?
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? 174.-1-
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5
These materials wore gathered in order to establish two
classifications of the%.17.vOivodships /into which Poland is
divided/. , The 'criterion of the first classification is the
level of industrialization /see Table 9/ ae expressed by the.
above-mentioned indices,' the criterion of the second classifi-
cation is the regional position /see Table 10/. '
For the sake of our discuission let us call the first
classification necionomioll and tht second classification -
11.geograph1caln, although I recognize the fact that both elas-
sifications,are economic and geographical at the same time.
Let us consider the econdmio classification presented
in Table 9, in which the indices.were compiled in such a man-
ner that they are.eomparable with ,the average for Poland.
Naturally this classification 'is a aonsequence Of.the.set
of indices chosen as significant. The exclusion of indices
describing the infrastructure'of tha investedcapital ()spe-
cially in the transportation ,network and communal services -
disgUiseS important differencedbetween such vtivodships as
Bialystok, Lublin, Kielce or RzeszOw and each voivodships
as Olsztyn, Koszalint.Bydgoszcz or Poznari.
A ?
'The exclusion of indices describing the level of.agri-
cultural production disguises important differences between
the veiVedships of Rzeszdw, Kielce and of the voivodships of
?Bydgoszcz And PoznAA. .The:first aria ?known as'areas.with a
low intensity of agriculture, the latter as areas, with high
level Of intensity.
Takihg into account these.deficiencies'of Our classifies-
tiohswe have to strese that this classification is from the
point of view of indastrial and not from the point Of view
of total economy of a given voivodship.
The geogrAphical classification distinguishes four groups
of voivodships - the northern, the nest-central, the east'.
central and the southern. .In Table 10 we have presented indi-
ees for each voivodship and the results of the economic 01887
sification. A sUmmary of these to classifitations can be ,
.?
presented in the following way:
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Economic
Level of industrialization
Total
number of
.01voishiPs
Geographioa\
1?v
middle
kiigb
Klg
.
northern
voivobip .
reattrotntral
voivodshipe .
east-central
voivcdshipo,
southern
volvodshipo .
?
Polasad
.
? ?
_ .
2.
,
'
..
. .
. .
.
2
.
7
d*
.
1
: ?B
.......'
.-
.
am
.
.
.
.
.
.
m.
,
,
.
.
.
4.
. .
.
. . .

.5.
.4
?
.1.
17 .
,
tra_na_oiLsliqn
.1192.Astaluf...2L7_22. : ?
The data presented in Table 11 establish some interesting
'trends in tho chango of the pattern of Poland's indus-
try during the 35-year period. under considoration.
The most important One may bp doscribod an dimlniching
disparities in the levels.ef industrializAtionas betreon dif-
ferent.parts of our country., The data of Table 11 support the '
oonalusion that during our second industrial rovolution.thie -
problem did not alai:ippon,. completely and the creation of a- .
MOW0 balanood distribution te Poland's indubtry had to be in-.
ciorporatol, into the. premises of our perspective 1.e. long-term.
plan. n my opinion, it to possible to summarize .the Polish
emporionoe in the industrialization of underdevelopod'areas,
as follows: The industrializatien although a very important, ?
to not the only tool in the.promotion of eoonomio developtont.'.
Tha assumption of our economic' policy in the early fifties ?
that the total develoymont of theregional economy. rill fo1.
lov eutomatioally from the 1:Joation Of DOMO incluatrial plants ?
in a baomard. area . has prayed to be incorrect. We have
soma oxnmplos of veparachuten loor.tioza vhich oroated nov
4,1.777
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plants without the regionally multiplied effect. Some of these
plants have rather high -operational costs in comparison with the
older 1,1anta of the traditional irdustrial districts. The' eco-
DOMin 10880C on this account are however very small, among
others becaUse the .non-industrialized areas got a relatively
small share of total industrial investments in 1951-1960.
Generally it may be said that the second industrial revolu-
tion had in backward areas in Poland only the take-off effect.
The ',big push o is to take place within the framework of the
perapeative plan which will provide tho proper setting for the
development of backward areas, Which W6S missing during the past
15 years.
On the other end of oale in the industrial development
there in a problei of the optimum level of deielOpent of al-
ready highlyindustrialized areas. In Poland this is expres-,
sed in the relative overdeveloPment of the voivodship of Kato-
wice, including the most important industrial area in Poland -
the Upper Silesian Industrial District.
?? The difficulties characteristic for overoongested areas
/air and water pollution, water shsrtage, strangulation of
transpoi4ation system/ raise the lz-vel of the social costs of
Industrial production in Upper ,That is why in the last
ten year a policy of passive deglomeration in this areas was
adopted in form of restrictions on new industrial locations
which were limited to cases where a new plant is closely tech-
nologically and economically sssocAated with the extraction of
coal. Nevertheless there exist.numorous industrial plants for
which.tle proximity of Upper Silesta is of some importance.,
These plants were lecated in'the fringe area around Upper
Silesia. The results can be seen en maps summarizing the geo-
graphical development of Polish industry during the II Industrial
Revolution.. These maps show the emerging pattern of the very
_large conurbation, perhaps the begnnings of a megalopolis
the now large-scale areal wait of the Upper Silesian and Cracow
Region
The basic tendency towards the diminishment of regional
disparities in the level of industrialisation .can be traced too
in the geozraphical cleeeificeion /see Table 11/. The most
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HIE=
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w 13..
important group of Voivodships'is the southern one. The data
of Table 11 reveal a slow, :relative decrease of the share of
this group in Poland's'industrial production /52,6% in 19460
4900% in 1960 4nd 44% in 1980/. ?
?
The main asset of the industrial development of this
group o:r'voivodships is their location in the vicinity 'of de-
posits of the most ;Important ,, known mineral resources of Po-
land.,
The last years,brought.somempertant'changes into the.
geography of mineral'resourcea in Poland.. Some large-Scale .
mining was undertaken in Oentr'al!?oland,:outside of the ti's-'
.
ditional.regions'of:extraotive.indUstry....The.dOvelopment of
a new industrial region,ofTenin,epecialiting In the power-..
consuming,industry, using ligniteas fuel: for produotion of'
electricity;isthe:mostA.mportant.
According to:the:data of Table il:the industrial develep-
ment Of the wost-eentral:group is very'close'to the rate of
growth'of the country.aS a, whole'.
,
The oonstructionlof a pipeline linking the Wage Oil
Region - "The second:Bakuff,.and the'industrial.centres in
Poland, German Democratic Republic;i Czechoslovakia and Hungary
provides the basis for erection of el bigipetrochemical plant
in Plock which will'influenCe very;stronglythe industrial
developMent of the East-Centi,al Poland.'
The east-central%group,did.notichange its share consi-
derably in 1946-1960 and'w1.1%,gain only .slightly in next
twenty years.'
The northern group of voivodships is the area of the most
rapid relative industrial'growth although,this group is rather
moderate in importance if we take absolute figures into consi-
deration. The data of Table:11 reflect the lack of full uso
of opportunities of sea-shore4ndustrial locations in the .
yearn 1946-1960 and perhapseoo in the years of 'our coming
plan.it. In my opinion, the neoessity for.rapid development of
our maritime economy will quicken the indtstrial growth of
that part of the country.
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BEESSICErdidgg;
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"??
eel:le:ye:Ice it should be staid List the targel's,e for 198C
have to be ?etc:tiered still as proilminary. Espeoially in the
area of the physic.;al ,iev'elopront: et the ccuntry. there :.s.re
present many problems to be solved. .Some of them would be
easier to dee]. with on the basis ".of an econometrie model sup-
plying 'quantitative data .necessary for locational deeisions
and finding' 'eolutions of the maximum efficienoy both from the
point of view' of our national economy. and of other? socialletio
countries. The advantages of cooperation between various' ?
countries constist mainly. of the extension of the economies of
scale in industrial and aerietiltural produotions and may be
'obtained by joint?plan.ning of the economic development.
The.?secend concluding remark may be outlined as follows:
the initial industial pattern .as created by the tall.p-off re-
volution is ratherstable..
The distribution of the 1:?.atilonal resources, the existine
transportation and settlement network, the initial advantages
of early start- create ?a considdrable power?of inertia, acting .
for the develox.ent of Polish industrial. economy without bas1c
changes in its geographical pattern. Nevertheless the big push?
of the?iecond industrtal revolution has created some impoi:tent .
now nodal points for the develeprent of different industrial
geography Which will take shape 14 the course of the next 20
years.
?
'Warsaw, Department of Ipdustrial Geography,
Institute of Geography,
Polish Academy of Sciences
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?
t,
.6 r
1. S. Leszczycki
2, K.'DziewoAski
3. R. Vartshorne
,
4. N.T.G. Poun
\ ?
-
-Applied Geography or application of geograph-
ical. research for practical purposes. Polish
Geographical Review, Warsaw, No.1/1962.
- Processes of urbanization in the Contemporary.
An attempt at 'synthesis. Polish Geographipal
Review, Warsaw, .N0.3/1962.
-.Geography and economic growth Essays on
Geography .and economic development. Chicago,.
-1960, p.3-26.
- The Upper gilesian Industrial Region, Indiana
University 1ub1ioatione:1958.
The Industrial Geography of-Modern Poland.
Economic Geography, Tu1y 1960: '
10 Straszovicz - The 1.6di Industrial District. Po
graphieal Review, XXXX, Supp1. 195
6. S. yAsztal
7. .K..Socomski
a. Y.D. Thanes
lish Geo.,
9.
- Changes in the structure and distrlbution of
industrie-7; In the city and voivodship of
Warsaw. 'Polish Geographical Review, XXX, 4.,
1956.
- On the problems of the Perspective ?Ian of De-
velopment of Poland. Ekonomista /Ecbnomist/,
. Warsaw, 34002/1962.
- Economic Activity. ' Patterns and Economic
Change., University of Washington, Seattle,
1962. .
Na.????\.{. ? "ur, .5? ?
.94.1???????*??14...ba.....*
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,Threlo indust ria
?revolutions in Poland
Tho ;, t aka -o f fn
. .
Spec( fir.,atl on r avoln t fon .'revoluti on . of And us trial ? .
. ? ma turj ty
1560 1910 1.916 1960 . 1060
Po pliT a t ( on In
milli ons
?
Urban'ponlin-
t on in mtlaiortc
Int1r4stria1
omployment
in millionE;
Induotrial.
prodlc:ti on -
va 1,1a addo:l.
ineluding Oa-
preci 8 t.tor, .
POT c:ap it n
nati.onal in-
coma "In Ama?
rican
no
n0
--L-
24
,5
1,2
data no data 100x
38ix
30 1
14
3
'.500,550. 100
? 1
. '
1 ? .
d. Lit fa I t.:9 (lat ct 17.0 0..- 15 4 riO? 5 0 0 y - I 4-C 0 -5 0 074 11.01...c5
-004c1
t ? i
t 1 1
23xX
r ? ^s X
r(?!
x/ roqgh (1, tiTat es of the thcr
xx/ d ata of the terspe:7. t ve plan
Sommnzs: St6.t:IstiTNal Yearbook 1961 ? Central Statistioal Office,
? Waroeva 1961.
K, Selomski On the problems of the Ptrc Pl,an
of t.11 d eve lopMen t of Poland. Ekonomi sta /EconDmist/
Warsaw, No.2/1962 .
K.. Dz iowo1?1811-.1 I1rbnnt at on Droc..eaaos in Oontmporary
Poland . Poll sh Geographical Review, Warsaw, NoZ/1962.
.rt. Kik1ii&ci S pa t t al pr ob le me of ' Poland ' s r .1str i al -
I a flan, Warsaw 1962k,
2, Knyziak Inve tmOnt and non-i n7e3t1Mint torn of
4.1,1 d ova ) opnent of iLd?stri :31 'crttput in pbil,T1.(1 71.950-?
1960. Zkonomist a /Economist' , Warsaw, 11%5'1961.
?
\rd N%.". t F"-% s* ?
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'Specification
Table '2
Industrial employment in the .present territory of Poland in 1907/10
Population Industrial emplc4ment
.1000 sq km
Territories in-
corporated into
Prussia ? 1
Territories in
1 corperated into
Austria
? I
,
I Territories in-
! corporated into
, 1
Russia
Territory. of -
Poland total ?
millions 1
1 of-persons
thousand8
of persons
Persons:,
employed
Industry pt;
1000 ,
inhabitantk
)
1
1
149 1 47,7
1
1
33 1 106.
1
130 1 .
_312 1
41,7
10.0
63
20
34
\,
?
',.
Sources: Gewerbliche Betriebsstatistik /Berufs- und Betriebszahlung vom ]Juni 1907/. Bd 218) Beri..
19-0, Bd 21.5,. E1, Berlin 1910. . . /
- A. Szcsenanski - Industry ani mining ..n Galicia in 1910. . 1.;:i6W 1910.
- Ergebnisce der gewerblichen Betriebs'zaIlung 1902. "bsterreichiscbe Statistik" Bd.IXXV,H.10,Vic:
- Z. Pietkiewicz - Indlistry in Polish Kingdom. .;;arsaw 1912.. ,
,
- Statistic zeskaje swie di enija pc obratywajuszcze j fabric zzczawodskcj prom vs zlenn ost 1 Ross ijsko ;f
rapie?rii,za 1903 god JResultats statistiques de Tecensement 'des industries de transformation
pcurIannee 1908.. Sankt Pietiersburg 1912.
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Teb le 3
Industrial employment ,i11 the r,!'sentiterritory of Polanl in
1907/10.ant 1937/39
?
Specification
Recovered
territories
-.....
- Other ,.
t
P s 1 n d
a!irritories'
.-...?..
?
,1207?. i
1
. i
? 101 1
1
.7,4 1
1
1-
? :
530 1
I
? I
I??
. i
? i..
72 I '
I
? 1
1939.
----
?
101
8,5.
.
680
'
. 80
?
.
?
191:17/10 I 1937
--"--1-'
i. ?
;Z11 1 211
i
?
19,2 123,6
' I
1 -
1 '
560. I 820
'
' ..? ?
:
i ?
1 .
34 35
I .
,
?
?.
11907/10
.
312
.
26,6
i .

1190
.
45
1
i
1
i
1
.1
1
I
. i

I
1
i
? i
1
I
i
1937/39
.
312 .
32,1
?
?
1500
?
47
thousands. sq.
km .
Population.
millions of
persons
industrial
employment
.thousands of
persons
Persona
employed in
industry per
thousand
inhabitants ?
x/ together with the Free Pity of Gd.riAsk ?
S_Li?12.2.11.9a ? - data for ii.ears 1907/10 seo Table 2.
- data for years 1937/39 - Industrial Statistics 193.7,
',Statistics of Pole.nd.r, Seria C, z.97, WarSall 1938.
- Concise Statistical Yearbook 1939., Warsaw 1939.
- Nichtlandwirtschaftliche i,rbeitsstlittenzahlun& /Volks-,
Berufs- unci BetriobszVihlune vom 19. Mai 19'39 /Die
llichtlandwirtschaftlichen Arbeitssthtten in den risicbs-
teilen und Vorwaltunfabczirken. Berlin 1944/.
Statistisches Handbuch on Deutschland 192871944.
Munchen 1949,
- Danziger Wirtschaftbeitung, Zahrgane 19/1939, 11,eft
11, S.260.
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?
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Table 4
Investment outlays in Poland - from 1946 to 1960
1951-1955 1956-1960
ecification
.......????????????=mmmemor
Total
Socialized
economy
of which:
Industry.
Agriculture
and forestry
Transport and
c ommunication
ao
Tr d -
C crmrun al services
? ard housing 3 482
.1 Private economy-1.
19 890
I
n million Zl. according. to 1956 prices
90 715
70 825
26 443.
7 576
16 095
2 857
Statistical Yearbook
210 518
1951-195511956-1960 1946-1960
by basic branches in percentages of the
total outlays .in the national economy
308 158_ 609 391 100,0. 100,0 100,0 100,0 96
78,1 1
,4 - 1 89,1 1 90,0
127 058 249 788 29,2
? 45,7
41,2
7,1 41,0
1 8,4 7,0
21 765 44 060 7;2
29 645 71526 17_17 12,2 9,6 11,7
. 9 777 19 716 311. .3,4 3,2 3,2
52 340 86 908 3,8 14,8 17,0 14,3
33 547 61 011 - 21,9: 3,6 1 10,9 10,0
202 944 1--274 611
96 28.7
14 719
2.5 786
7 982
31 086
7.574
548 380
1961, p.68.
Central "Statistical Offic-e, Warsaw 1961.
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lit
p
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P80-00247A003000410001-1
17.1tbIlts,
Arm:al per capita investmont.o,itlays in Polialad
in compprison to othex notialist tountriea
Country'
Investment outlaw: Annu 31
n '7' 1.01, l l
in 195 6-1960
Inl rx:mxx
?i o1 z?ye ? -4- ? ? ? ? of popul
total 1 annual ti= in
? averager. thousands
t persons
.Annual averages per
carita
in Polishi
zloty i
Percent acm
or- tbe 2c1ish
out
per tarita
Poland
1.
soviet Union .
Czechoslovakia
1
Gorman Democra
io Republik
Bulgaria
Rumania
1Hungary
. States - ll'embrs
or Mutual Econo-
mic Aid Council/
3
? - ' t
308 158t
253 5801
259 955i
176 464-
22 080 I
98 5.461
69 9911
? .61 632 '
650 716
99:
5 1
35 693
5 816*
19 709.
13 991
840 138
28 746
206 842 1
13 455
17 437
7 725
18 826
9 919
2 144
3 146
5 864
2 047
753
1 093
1 411
95
35
51
66
Source., B. Zielixiska - Investments in socialist countries in
ten-oar period /195 0-1S 60/, Gospo.darka Piano /Plan-
ned Economy/, Warsaw, 3J'1962.
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; ?
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_
Ta110 6
'Turnover of intornctional trade per capita
/in cOnvontional zlotys for intenational.trade/
Year
Turnover
: per
1 inhabltant
of which:
machines and trars-
port equipment po
1 inhabitant
Poland
?
Socialist countries:
US$11
German Dem0Pep,
Czechoslovakia
1 Capitalistic counkes:
Italy. ?
Franco
Gorman Fod.Pep.
Groat Britain
Average for . the above-
given capitalistic
countries 1958: 1035,0 216,0
1958 . . 318,2 82,4
1960 65,O3 101,0
19601 11.0000 479,0
1958.,
1958.
469,2
973,6 .
1265 02
1469 .6
35,6
245 ,0
269,0
76,0
148 ,0
304 ,O
309 ,0
U.S.A.
1958
702.8 156,0
x/ forecast
Source.. K. Secomski On .the problems of the Perspective Plan
fol4 the Development of Poland. Ekonomista /Economist/.,
Warsaw, No.2/1962.
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Declassified in Pa-rit 'Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/27: CIA-RDP80-00247A003000410001-1
tion of DoJ .i-4 ia. t he Rorld prodtV. on
,
pecific at i ot Lpercente,gos.
ord. ..? ....
19377:
-
ed. dr. vb.
I
- .......)
dry dd. dd.. ode. .. d.... ....
1960
1,0 ' ?
? 0,2
19
?
' ? 1 ,2
5,5
1,9
. 6 , 9
2,5
1,6
2 ,0 ?
2 , 0
? 2,8
.
i? -,
..)14'.
32,6
. 6,6
1,0
3,3
1,2 .
1,1
1,3
0,5
.
.
Vopulati on
A r a ? . .
.
Total industrial` production
/ost imated/
Output or:
? 4
electric energy . , ,
coal ?
? crude steel ?
zinc . .
seacoing vessels .
sulphuric acid ?
asment .
. .
? cotton yarn
raw su gar
A gri ou 1 tu.ro .
cereals
potatoes .
sugar best
. cattle ,
Foreign trade
total turnover0
. ,
exports
imports .
.i
Merchant sea fleet
.
1............---
. .
: 1,6
0,'
-1- ? ,
t.)
'
0 ,8 .
? 2,8
/ , 1
6,2
-
1I1
1. ,6
. - 1,4.
2 , 1
. 4 , 1
16,8
, 3,7.
. .1 5 ,
2,5
,8
0,8
0,7
. ' 0,2
.
?
?
.
,
?
:
?
1.-
i
t
1
1
i
i
I
I
-i
I
i
i
I
1
I
I
I
1
i
i
i
1
1
1
I
1
I
!
I
i
x/ within the boundaries of '347
15 years of work fo rolo rn lea]. development of
Poland , Facts and fixuros'1.. Planned Eoonoy /Co-
' onodarks Plows!, N.0.3/19G1.
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? ?
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a.
Tail 8 .
Complarison between the 'United Kingdom 'and 'Poland
/1960/
Specification
Units TOland
U nited
'Kingdom
Relation
Poland: United
Kingdom
r e a
thousands of
.
sq.km. 312,0
244,0 '
1 :
098
Population
millions ' .29,7
52,4
?
1 :
1,8
Employmnt in
industry
millions j. 3,0
9,8
1 :
3,3
Coal production
million tons
304,0
197,0
1 :
1,9
Electric energy
iU10 billions
29,3
137,0
1 :?
4,7
Crude steel
bIl1ion.lton.6
6,7
.24,7
1 :
3,7
Cars
thousands of
'
Trucks
pieces
thousands of
12,9
1352,0
1 :
105
pieces .
23,9
458,0? '
1':
19
Radio _
receivere
ulpturic
acid'
million piece::
million4tons
0,75
0,57
1,84
2,3
.
1 :
1 :
2,5
4
Cement
million tons
6,6
' 13,5
1 :
2
Paperx
million tons
0,46
2,6
1 :
6
Cotton yarn
thousand tons
353,0
26900
/ :
1,8
x/ 1959
Statistical Yearbook' 1961,, 'Central Statistical Office,
Warsav 1961.
Statistical Yearbook 1960, U.N. NOW York 1960.
Tirr"ryir
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Mira 41?14130P4.040111
.? :tt
inatitait
r? - ;tr.; - ?
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?
S.
'pattern of t?..n.',P;clh duitr1iclA! ?
;1!?;60
/a1eragt for. "Pulanci ?e, 100/
FLo1 or '
-.... :level opLnt
?
oivochip
Dcinsity `7t-r.,c.cerpi;-
? of '
p cp u 1 a -
tion ror
1 a q . km.
'
j
. . ?
? 50
44
.40
. 76
De ne".ty
age or )fr:1.?itd,..13-
?urb a rt triolom-
populti .p..V.91,tc..-..t
tion per 100
.
?
63 1 19 1
75 ' 19 ?
93: .1. 19
52 ? 31 .
--
.Thment. -Talcri.01
ag. ati IIC (ILO)
11.-1)..44trtal to a-set-
...w.plc,:/...',-..'. mr
.
100na
i0...e i-1S tm
htta 1959/?
37 25
43 80
46 . 81, ..
40. 87
Thavi of 1
'?t-Z.I'5v,r7te",r ,..niC
IT:. t he,' !ix
ali r>am i
.
?
.._...
47
.53 1
? 60
46
Trietex:
:gra
1,4-4ity
1n -
dmc-oar r,ii ,vo
?
0, .
0
.0 . .
26 '
;Low..
.
Bialystok
Olaztyn
1o3za1in
Lublin
10,4 . tv., .
.90 .
98
86
056
94
62
122
117
-...................----______
';50
56
.99
100
..
97
129
112
138
.
..........-.
?
54 60.
69- , 70 .
73 85
, 54 96
77 82
47 - 76
94 . 77
311 95
.
?
?
86
82
100
90
101-
100
111
115
?
71
86
9.7,
99
93
86
95
100
.
116
153
153
132
53
42
42
142
.........?
Tizeszow
Kielce
Bydgo3zcz
Z1a1or.la Gr a
.
?Tiozmart
Szczeciri
Warszawa
OdaYisk
166 .
123
140? .
102
86.
127
109
78
-
---- ..--- .
,
166 . 100
2.68 136 0
:95 13.9
:.19 116
95 -
103 ..
106
110 -
102
123
i 127
1 103
15.3
184
147
305
.
trakow .
Wroclaw
.T.Adt
Opole
liQrLiA.C1..
Katowice
7'pland - tot.p1
?
,
362
100
156
?-.
.......r.........
.
'800 222
:1.00 100
;
123
100..
14.4-
100
1 389.
100
.?100
,
azazqga Data of the Central Statiotical Officie?
'c/'_-_,? CO/ .".% 414??????? Nir"i;?'
VE.-Awwlirrw tk
Y?
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?
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q'ab le 10
?
" Regional .pa t tart of tho Polish. Indus trial economy
? I'Ln 1960
droup of
It oivodships
?
Le4re 1 or
development
Density
of popu.
la ti on
Par 1,00u
lMmart
age c)
urban
popula
. t zon
Emplvent it
_:: 1.12.t7..
per 15 PEW 10M
,s(1, hm. illhalit,
* antra
Natio .3
income
rei ('-"
ed par
111:4111-
an't
Part of
In1y2 ,
411 ) e
oration
04. 111,0r4'"
a inowe
Ind ex
, of
'ID).3r '11V
atint
StA al
d czy.'br,.
-
mont
.
A. Itoztharz
volyelAhtla.
?
?
Gd wink LI
111
I 66,3',
1098
99
13,7
40,3
027
Olsztyn L
42
35,9
- 187
45
9 ,4
21,5
0,00
Koszalin L
38
'
4446
181.
- 48
. -9;5
24,2
.0,00
Szczecin M?
59
62,2
, 468
79
1148
34,7
0,08 .
.
B. 37...U.D.lattal
-
?
voiv ollphiPs
'
,
.
.
Bydgoszcz ht. 82
.
47 , 8
719.
. pa
11,8
37,4
.0,29
VOznad M
89
45,8
758
e5
11,9
37,2 .
0,10
Zielona
.
06ro M
53
47,9
537
100
10,5-
39,7
0,25
. Bliattamattal
Ysi...Y-
.4.211.121.3.
Dialystok L
' 47
.
30,1
186 '
39 .
8,9
/8,8 .
0,00
Warszawa IT
116
53,7
927
84)
13,1'
38,0
0,08
? Lodi H
133
' 52,5
1930
145
? 12,5
50,9
0,28
?Xi oleo : M
. 93
27,2.
' 683
' 73
9,7
34,6 ,
0029
Lublin
72
24,8
304
42
10,3
19,5 ?
0,05
. g..211.21ern
..vslyad...WM
Wroclaw H 117
61,1
1664
142
12,2
49,4
035
Opole H 98.
.37,7
1181
121
13,0
41,4
0,58
Xatowloe TM .343
75,2
7910
231
14,5
58,1
0,74
Krak6w H. 158
?
41,5
1645
104.
11,2
. 40,8
0,30
Pzeszdv M 85
.
2309
530
62
1001
28,6
0',22
Poland-total
95.
48,1
989
104
11,3 .
40,2
0,19
....---
low; Mmoderate ; . hIs'a ; voty h Ida .
.?- ? -,,e . - ? ? *.i'
a2urg o : Data of the Central. sta LiavldfaX trfiba.
Irt
Dmr+ - Caniti7Rd CODV APproved for Release 2014/02/27 : CIA-RDP80-00247A003000410001-1 MOM
...PAYW. l'44e04.17,5:56124,..?
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? ,
Oil&us,;,4 lr tlp.3 vot7.1'nphicel rstterr. of Poliab. A1411=t%ei
frm' 1946 till :1980
Grourvi
? Cie .
vo iv crd silt pEr
? pqrcentagfis of inata trial
employment
1946 1 1950 : 1955 ', 1960 ! 1980
T,114o9ank:s) of cc,ptso),./
11flustr1L ilitt 00, ...11tA3.1",
1 1951.4960 .
?
y lelrel of
inductriali-
zation
1 o a ? .
moderate.
high. '-
very 41...?7,h
?
-f-----4-7-1---------+-
4,0
31,9
35,5
30?,6
? .
44 5,8
3004, 55,4
.36,1 33,4*
29,4. 25 ,4
,
6,5
37,0
32,6
23,7
?
11,0
39;9
30,7
18 p 4.
.
5,9 ?
54,5
33,6
26 ,0
'
?
.
Pole, ?
by re gi ona 1?
position '
northern
wont- anizal.
c sat-contra/.
aouthorn
10,0
.
5,3
15 ,o
27,1
52,6
2.00 1.00
. ,..
.
6,2 7.13
12,8 .14,0
27,4 27,2
53,6 50,5
100
.
803
? 14,5
28,2
. i
49,0-144,0
i
no
.
114,5
14,4
3 3,0,1
?
?
? ? loo
6,2.
10 .8
? 236
59,4
,
?
?
?
Poland .
r -^"--"T"--1'
100 100' 100
"."'"*."..
100 1 100
100.
Table 12
Geog:raphical 'structure of. P,:iland induetry in 1960
--___---
Group
Ix)vel. or
industrIallzation
? .
Index I'.
Ind oz II
? high
:
1500 anC. over
100 and clior
8
moderate
330 - 1500
75 - 150
0
low
.
'
330 - 1000
. 160 - 330
25 - 75 ,
50 - 75
D
non-industria1l4ed
below 330 ,
below' 50
Averaga for Poland
990
104
? Index I - Number of persons qm:ployooi i induatry par 100 sq,?ka.n.
of a given povi at icfmr.ty/
'Index II - '..Tumber. of persona om:;1oye n i4dustry pox. 1000 inha-
itants of a given Niviat /a ounty/.
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Table 13
Spatial structure of Poland industry in 1960
/poviat used as a basic unit/
Lavel of
AnCustriali-
' zation
Number
of
poviats
Employment
1946
n industa
1000
sq. km.
High
L.-11;vderate .54
379,0
49,5
.61 ? 60,6
163,8
b.. Nct?irdzys. tri-
? d 161
?
Poland
total
-
12,2
1.5;9
1924
52,5
11417,7
4394:8
4525,8
9022,9
.3811
14:8
1,5,2
30,3
1960
!???
1000 i% 1000 %
ersons oersons
r
935,9
147,1
78,7
73,8
75,8 2153,6
1119 . 440,7
6,4 256,4
519
231,9
69,9
14,3
843
7
ployment
u industry
100 1000
perscm
5689
890
423
189
100
57
142 26
Index o/
ncrerzo ;
employ:rent
industra
?,-6=1001
230
300 .`
326
? (
?
314
.31117110010
29731,0x110910
t
3082,5 100,0
9891 104
x/ of which 369,8 th.onsar-d persons non-accounted for in territorial division.
. -
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