(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED ENGLISH-LANGUAGE POLISH MANUSCRIPT TITLED "REGIONAL PLANNING IN POLAND"(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00247A003100230001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 13, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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POLISH ArIADELT 13C.ILESICRS.
? INSTITUTE OF. G.; OGRA 7HY
DEPART:MEN'T OF SPACE mom= .4.NrD RILIONAL PLANNING
,
REGIONAL IYLANNI .IG IN POLAND'
STAT
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STAT
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'REGI0NAL ANNING IN POLAND '
Work:on regional plamaiIg started in Poland in 1930, when
also the Bureau of Regional' 'Ianning, the first of its kind in
Poland, was sot up in 'Warsew. By 1937 ten more regions were
brought within the planning lchere. Regional Planning Commit-
tees and technical departmers under them performed the work,
covering some 40 per cent of Poload's territory in its pre-war
frontiers,
Throughout * the years 19:.0-3S ; town planners, on whose
initiative the scheme was se': affoot., devoted Much thought and
efforta. to shifting planning from towns and settlements onto
vaster. areas. The basic obj ;ct 'rag a meSt rational land ?utili-
zation.. This, then was spati2r planning in the full meaning of
the word.
Coordination methods yecional undertaking were agreed.
upon at congresses of Region a Chairmen' s? Committees. ?
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The Congress held in 1.98 tk..us formulated the object of
regionalplanning:
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"A regional plan covering one of the country' s districts
? Is a programme of lispcsitions seeking to determine the
most economical uso of the district's land in conformity
? with national and .:.egional interests, creating the beat
? possible condition'; for the district's development in a.
given period of time".
The Congress came out in favour of starting work on a country
plan as an indispensable. sur,3rstructure:Of regional planning.
In 1945, at the time of the restoration of Poland's state-
hood, the country espoused tie socialist ,system of a planned
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economy, with the subsequent soc:,a1 ownership of the means of
production. A new chapter td bcen opened when nearly all the.
realms of economic life and 4aveetment activity were brought .
within the planning scheme. '
Two planning. organs Wei 9 ca.aed into being: The Central
Office of Planning, entrustelft with the task of economic planning,
and the Central Office of Sratial Planning, whose task it was to
draw up spatial plans on a r 94c onal , regional and local scale
/the latter covering, towns E nd pott laments/.
In 1946,? with the promuigaton of the Decree "On the' Plan-
ned Poland s Space-economy" /effoctive April 2, 1946/, spatial
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Plonn was prc.:vicle a _ogai status. The Decree defined
the oranizational met hoi of spatial planning, its object and
rank within the planned: c . It also included legal regu-
lations. The Central Cff cor of Spatial Planning was entrusted
with the task of drawing Ap a spetial plan covering the whole
country and to supervise pl anning work. Regional Departments
under the Office were to 3Iab,)rat e plans for the regions with-
in their radius of operation, while Local Planning-Offices
were in charge of town ar se6tlement planning.
.The establishment of uniorm organizational methods,
along with the existing :ogal basis for activity, provided a
framework within which tl c es itaates? Of the national and region--
al plans could be coordin ated and local plans could follow re-
gional directives.
The Decree envisag-.1 the folloWing. stages in regional
planning:
1. Elaboration of ch-aft-?lan;
. 2, Endorsement of d: aft7plan by ?State organs and institu-
tions concerned;
Getting the apprval of the opinion-issuing organ;
.4.. Endorsement, of te draft-plan by the Central Office
of 'Spatial Planning;
. 5, Endorsement of t.e plsn by the Regional People's
Council /local governmea.".
The fulfilfanW of .tia, plan was secured throu3h two
mea'sUres: control alf017 i:%vestments to find out their corre-
spondence with the plan' objectives, and suspension of
-investment activity not nvisaged in the plan, which the plan-
ning organs were duly au Jhorized to carry out0
As the system and mAhods of planning made headway, it
became apparent that the division of tasks between the two
principal planning organl was too rigid that it failed, to
provide a tie-up between spatial and economic planning,. in-
vestment planning in par. icuiar.
In 1949, a radical eorEanization was carried out in the ?
system and management of plarning. The two. organs of planning
were abolished. and subat 1-,utcd by a central planning authortty:.
the State COMMIS:A.0A for Ecoromic Planning. The -latter took
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into its hantis. also the r,(.4 f na.ional and regional spatial
planning. Local spatial planing was brought under the Admini-
stration /the Ministry of BuiAine, to be later transferred to
the Town-planning and Architeturc Committee/.
The opinion Was? at that -Imo prevalent that in view of
the absence of long-term oconmic directives, the construction
Of spatial plans was a'prematre task. Subsequently, spatial
planning on a national scale 'fas zuspended during the years
1950-57,. while regional planping as limited to a few selected
districts, where investmant'etivty was the largest.
Working groups Of speciElist, set up from time to time
as need arose, mapped out th( plans. And though the plans eon-
tamed valuable conclusions drawn froth a thorough survey of the
region, its physical and soc.lc-,economic features, they exerted
but a negligible .influence or invostment activity. This should
be ascribed, on the one hand, to absence of long-term di-
rectves.governing'the day Len; of the national economy, and
to the frequent changes in tIc.in-xestment policy, on the other
hand.
Thus, underestimation spatial planning was a charectori-
stic feature of the years l9!0-57,.when it was not regarded as
an apt instruMent coordinati;.0 in a most rational way economic
and investment activity.
Meanwhile, specialist.; n spatial planning ho lal:achec.2
campaign for the full rester tion of spatial .planning. Their
efforts ultimately led to th recognition of the view that if
the space economy of the coultry is to be based on sound pre
mises, the.investment policy Must be harmonized?with the spatial
correlation of investments. And spatial plans, whether national_
cr regional; are an indisperable instrument for a correct de-
termination or these relatiuls. ?
In ,1961, the Seym /Par2lamelt/ passed a Law on Spatial
Planning. The provisions o the Law maintain the division of
.competence: spatial plannir?. on country-wide and regional ?
ecale comes under the authoity of eoonomic planning /Planning
Commission at the Council Ministers/., while local planning
? is subordinated .to the bui:ding authorities /Committee fOr ?
Building, Town Planning and ,!..'iThitecture/.
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Despite the diVision of ;ompctence, the Law regulates
in a uniform way the mar.'..f old problems involved in spatial
planning. It provides for a Ipread of regional planning to
cover the entire country, def .ninE the object of, and mutual
relations between, the plans, laying down the mode of? their
endorsement and the procedure to be followed for the plena
to become operative..
The Law on spatial plant ng is: supplemented by a Di-
rective issued in May 1962 by the Thairman of the Planning
Commission at the Council of .:.finisters.
In the light , of legal' re .:u1 at ions enacted in the years
1960 and 1962 the situation .1" 'regional planning today is
88 follows.:
I. Coordination between Regi(..naI Planning and te Plan for ,
the Development of the Te;ional Economy.
Regional plans should in principle be constructed on
the basis of the directives lid downin.the Perspective
Plan of the National Economyx, Here it should be added that
regions are the equivalent of Polaad's administration
divi-
sion units, called in this col.ptry Voivodshi psx2C. Regional
plans -cover .at present the riv.le ot Poland's territory.
The.next successive yer13:on of the Perspective Plan
Will take into account the mclusion drawn by regional plans.
In this way regional initiati6 an:.: interests will be secured.
Ii tne plan for the developmet of the.national economy.
It should be underscored that in the first phase of
the new era in regional p/ann:ng, -7hich set in along with
the enactment. of th, 1960 Law. worl: concentrates on determi-
ning the basis of economic an social development. Hence,
In the present stage first an formost comes the Method of
statistical analysis and of oticuLltion .of indices. Though
the conclusions contained in. '5gio'aa1 plans do take, into
count the geographic location of p:7oposed economic activity,
? x/ present plan for the yearr. 196:.-1980 ?
xx,/T'oland is divided into 11 Toivodships and 322 counties
/districts/
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the subject-matter of spatial plarning 1.e. the division of
regions acCoring to destinat%on, has neither been fully de-
veloped nor applied in practl :e, ,thich perhaps is not surpris-
ing bearing in mind the snort period of time sines work on re-
gional planning. has .been resu etcl: It still is in its initial
phase.. .
'Coordination between reg cenal plans. and the national eco-
nomic policy is secured throue;ii the application of tne,prin-
ciple that regional plans are mapped out on the basis of:
'1/ current /five-year/ plans .or tne development of the national
n/
economy
provisions and directives eontained in?tne materials col-
lected in tne course of tae elaboration of .long-term plans
/up to 1980/ for the develepment of the national economy .
3/ directives contained in the Decisions taken by the Council.
of Ministers.;
4/ relevant directives enacte: by e'egional authorities /1gived-
ship and district/:.
II. .0r5anization of planninl Ooeperation of authorities and
institutions concerned a74 alno of the population in the
Construction of rezional nlane
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The' Iselv on Spatial 111anni are p:!ovides for two .kinds of re-
gional plans: the general and etalled plan.
The general plan covers Iminstration units /Voivodships/4.
including cities within the rc glop which have the Status of a -
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Voivodship. The general plan can :.ntegrato several 7eivodships
if they constitute a socicl, c eononic and natural entity?
Detailed. plans supplemen and elaborate the problems en-
visaged in the general plan, eld they cover in particular such
regions where an especially in ensteve rate of economic develop-
ment is envisaged.
Regional plans ?Over in vine pis the same number of years
as are covered by long-term pi /i.s /up to 1980 at the present
stage of planning/. But regioAal .planning may extend over a
longer period of time when the hypethesis is justified that a
branch of activity requires mee'e time where its perspective
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development is concerned_ Ths may be the case. when the plan
deal with-demographic estimes, prospeeting of minerals, and
the development of the water 'n.d forest economies and long-range
economic activity, which may .n a epecifio way .determine the '
region's development.
Preliminary work on reginal, planning is in the hands of
Regional Planning Offices of he Voivodship People's Council,.
Regional Planning Advisory Gemissions composed of distinguished
specialists and represontativls of the Administration take an.
_active part in the elaboratio. of regional plans Specialized
lust its and research centre lend 'a helping hand when it comes
to solving particularly complAc problema,:while the advice; and
endorsement is sought from atainistrativo. organs where problems
of special 'importance arerinyelved.
The draft?regional plans are.eonstrued in two stages. ,
During the first stage, the .g neral premises of the region's
development are laid down and anpreliminary outline of the
,.
plan's objective is drawn up. The second stage witnesses the
elaboration of the draft-plan proper: It.takes into, account.
the suggestions and.conclusiols drawn after consultation with,
and endorsement. by, the 1n2 iutionsconcerned.
The cooperation' of autheities and the population in the
construction of the plan is soured through the following pro-
cedure:
1/ Draft plant are agreed .u.pm wJth the .Voivodship and District
organs. of the Administration; end also With the State and central
economic authoritiep concerne 1;
2/ Draft plans are subjecit to endorsement by the- Praesidia ef
the Voivodship People's Councils /Local Government Boards/ which.
represent the interests of the ,population;
3/ After: endorsement by the I )0131 Government Board, the draft
plan in reviewed by the auth.c t ios responsible for town and
settlement planning, which 1..s: nue -their opinion about the draft,
4-1 The fundamental provision; of 'the draft plan are subject to.'
approval by the Council of BI:1
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II10 Elaboration Techniauc,
...........
The conStruction of region 11 plans is based on:
1/ The directives pertaining to the elaboration of five-year,
. plane for the development of th national and voivodship eco-
nomies; .
2/ Directives included in the materials pertaining to long-term
plans /up to 1980/ for the development of the national economy;
;3/ Pertinent- directives inolUae i in the decisions taken by the
Council of. Ministers and the PI leisiclia of Voivodship People's.
Councils;
4/ Basic studies and ahalyses: neural-geographic and socio-
economic relations;
5/ Conclusions drawn in the cov 'es? of work on local spatial .
plans..
A .therough and detailed..zaearah. precedes the embodiment of -
the concept envisaged in, a reg:.snal plan.. .The research comprisss:
1/ an all-round evaluation of. '''ne natural-geographic pecularities
. ,
of the area covered by the plan;
2/ an analysis of industrial aA agricultural output in the re-
gion;
3/ an analysis. of the cultural facilities existing ?or. the spot
and the work of 'cultural and 0:,ononlo organisations; .
2/8 survey Of demographio dev tlOprrents? and structure of employ-
merit;
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5/ an analysis of the living 'c:Alditions and the struoture of .
consumer goods'.
Regional plans seek to Solve the following problems:
1/ Accurate prognosticating of demoLraphic development and esti-
mation of latent .reserves in. the workforce. Proposals as to the
distribution of 'the populatior with due regard to migration' .move-
ments;
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2/ Determination, of oonditiom for the expansion, of industry .on
the basis of local raw materit is , the potential possibilities
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of expanding existing work tablishments, including technical '
progress, reserves of ne :tfore and an improvement in la- .
bour productivity; propoeal% perteining to location of industry.
Material and power balance e1leets;
3/ Regional distribution of egricultural production accompanied
by an appraisal of the volume, of output. An evaluation of the
existing condition.s. for the eE)alization of the production pro-
gramme. An outline of the alticipated structure of farms.
Balance sheets of fertilizer q' economy. Directives pertaining
to mechanization and techn1C91 ecuipment. Organisation of ?
auxiliary services;
4/ Concept and programme of. :he forest economy and of .afforesta-
tion. Estimated output of. timber industry.. 'Basle conditions
for realization of proxreamme;
5/ Estimates envisaging the -.'olune and trends in commodity
movements and passengers' t: effie.. Progremme for the expansion.
and reconstruction of tho listing transportation network, in-
cluding railway, water and t Lr transportation facilities;
6/ Laying down the prim:J.1)1c 1 go/erning the expansion' of settle-
ments, envisaging the densil Y of the population, along with a
definition of the function. o be performed by towns and settle-
ments, .and a selection of r( gion3 destined for development,
includng an outline of bas: c elements of space btrticture;
7/ Programme for the develonent of cultural facilities and
social services, including'eohools, theatres; houses of cul-
ture health service centre: , soeial welfare, care over child-
ren, and recreational, rest and. tourist facilities;
8/ Appraisal of housing neees and programmes of house build.
ing; communal services. /4a ler supply, disposal. of impure
water, electric and gas/. 'lrbar. communication;
9/ .Programme for the deeloement. of the distribution system..
Conditions for the realization cf the programme;
10/ Evaluation of water surely reserves /surface and under
ground/, and suggestions et to how they should be utilized.
for Consumer purposes? indeetriel, agricultural and shipping
purposes, for .hydropower ntatiolls and for recreational water
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stations.. Protection of wate: against polution. Recommendations
pertaining.to investment in 'ivlro-teehnical installations.
In its ultimate form a r gienal plan should constitute a
cynthesis of all the problems here enumerated. The plan is sup-
plemented by an investment plen, a building programme, along with
a description of conditions !dterrining realization.
.Regional plans are compoled c,f two parts: a descriptive and
cartographic one. ?
0artographic.elaboration3 are based on the following scales:
.General regional plans:
1:30')
000;
1:200 000,
and
1:100 ()go.
Detailed'regional'plans:
1:10
000;
1:50 000,
and
1:25 000.
Remark: In the present .tago, regional planning concentrates
on defining the basic premisel of economic development. The me-
thod,. are predominantly based on an analysis. of 'a statistical
type. The findings and.contlilsiona of this stage will serve as
a basis of the 'forthcoming 1.:Ietia: regional. plan stricto sensu.
Under 'these circumstances, parallel to the work conducted by re-
gional planning'organs,? town, planners have set out with the elabo-
ration of their plans coverirg la7i:ze areas- of related groups, of
settlements. Work is proceoaing primarily in densely populated
regions or,.in other .words; .fca bit; cities. Local plans covering
groups of related settlementt, lay down the principles whieh'
mould space structure and govIrn ':erritorial division according
to purpcoe .of destination. 'Au reation to regional plans proper,
local plans covering groupt. se.tiements; contain conclusions
stemming from the analysis slowin,-, the utilization of the natural
and geographic features of tie reion and the degree of its de-
velopment,
1. Lier
DeDa:ement of Spaee Economy and Regional
Planning
Institute of Geography .
Pelish Academy of Sciences
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