OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY NO. 67

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R001800200002-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 52
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 14, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 10, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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OBLAST POLITICAL 50X1-HUM
AND
POPULATION SURVEY NO.67
STALINGRADSKAYA OBLAST
10 JAN 1958
Prepared by
Air Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington 25, D.
SECRET
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 BALTIC
At'
r?~s l~s SEA
5'+'r? KARELO
IA
NORTHWEST
IV
SOUTHEAST
VIII
URALS
XI
EA* SIBERIA
IB
NORTH
V
TRANSCAVCASUS
IX
WEST
SIBERIA
XII
FAF~ EAST
IIA
BALTIC
118
BELORUSSIA
VI
VOLGA
XA
KAZAKHSTAN
III
SOUTH
VII
CENTRAL
XB
CENTRAL ASIA
A
s
~gy
NA
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5a 2X
ECONOMIC REGIONS
ARAL
SEA
Ins,
oh o
SECRET
P
OVERLAY TO MAP I CIA 13702
hS USSR ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
AND ECONOMIC REGIONS
4Q JANUARY 1956
lC
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SIB
n
KARA
SEA/
p
S?
LAkE
BALKHASH
OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY
LOCATION OF
STALINGRADSKAYA OBLAST
200 400 600 800 1000
STATUTE MILES
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o y54 FINS
KAYA
N ~f N I S. S. R,
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Oblast Political and Population Survey
No. 67
Stalingradskaya Oblast
Prepared by
Air Research Division
Library of Congress
10 January 1958
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SECRET
NOTICE
1. The estimates appearing in this study result
from an accelerated survey of available data.
All figures accompanied by an asterisk (*) are
the best possible estimates to be derived from
accessible information and are to be regarded
as an indication of an order of magnitude.
Information which might correct or supplement
these estimates should be forwarded to AFCIN-
3x3. Room 1324-
2. Population estimates as of 1 January 1958;
administrative-territorial boundaries as of
1 November 1957.
S E-C RE T
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OBLAST POLITICAL AND POPULATION SURVEY NO. 67
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statistics
I. Government Controls
A. General
- Y:ff
B. Control Groups
SE-CRET
1. Communist Party and Komsomol
2. Military
3 . Government
II,
III.
Population, Labor Force, and Ethnic Composition
Psychological and Sociological Factors
17
A.
Political and Social Tsions
17
B.
C.
D.
Civil Defense
Medical Facilities
Educational and Cultural Facilities
24
IV.
Socio-Economic Factors
27
A.
Housing
27
B.
Food Supplies
28
C.
Transportation
29
33
E.
Economic Characteristics
35
V.
I.
Urban Areas
TABLES
Estimated Government Control Force
II.
S-w-mary of Demographic Characteristics:
Stalingradskaya Oblast,-1958
10
III.
IV.
Population Changes: 1926-1958
Estimated Ethnic Composition of Total Population
12
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V. Estimated Age and Sex Composition
VI. Workers and Employees by Branches of the
Economy: 1958
VII. Estimated Population and Density by Administrative-
Territorial Divisions
VIII.
Incidence of Civilian Medical Personnel and
Facilities per 1000 Total Population: 1956
23
IX.
Urban-Rural Distribution of Student Enrollment:
26
1955/1956
X.
Industrial Production
36
XI.
Significant Industrial Capacities
36
XII.
Estimated Distribution of Total Urban Population
38
MAPS
Location of Stalingradskaya Oblast
Administrative-Territorial Divisions
III. Population
IV. Transportation
V. Railroad-Orientation Diagram
Frontispiece
Back Pocket
Back Pocket
Back Pocket
Facing Page 29
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STALINGRADSKAYA OBLAST
10 January 1958
Statistics
Area in Sq. rid es......oaaaee..351545
Total Est. 1958 Pop..o.???.?l,444,OOO
Urban Pop..0.??0????0???????827,000
Rural Pop.......0.oo??????0e617,000
Citieso0000000?0S?0?00??000aooo*ao9o3
(Stalingrad, Kauyshin, Volzhskiy)
Towns. ..............................8
Urban Settlements..........o??????997
Rural Rayons .............n.......i.39
Selsovets.....0 ...................392
I. Government Controls
A. General
Stalingradskaya Oblast (Russian SFSR) is located in the
steppe lands of the S part of the old Volga Economic Region (refer
to H$p I and overlay). The Volga and the Don Rivers run through
.;,,S_p gtern_and western sections. Prior to 1934 the territory
which is now Stalingradskaya Oblast was part of Nizhne-Volzhskiy
Kray. In 1934 Nizhne-Volzhskiy Kray was divided into Stalingrad-
skit' Kray, including skaya Autonomous Oblast, and Saratovskiy
Kray, including the Namtsev-Povolzhskaya (Volga-German) ASSR.
Stalin g.adsk y Kray became an oblast in 1936 when the Kalmykskaya AO
'was made an ASSR and subordinated directly to the RSFSR. In 1941
the Nemtsev-PovolzhskaYa ASSR was abolished and the S part (7
rayons) transferred to Stalingridskaya Oblast. In 1943 the oblast
absorbed. sections of the KalmykSkaya ASSR but, at the same time, in
its SE extention, gave up Astrakhanskiy Ola ug, which furnished the
SE'-CRET
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S E C R E T
basis for the creation of Astrakhanskaya Oblast. Only 2 important
..1
territorial changes have occurred since World War II. In early
1954, 12 rayons were transferred from Stalingradskaya Oblast to the
-~a
newly-formed Balashovskaya Oblast in the Central Industrial Region.*
On 1 January 1957 Sarpinskiy Rayon, the southernmost rayon in the
oblast, was transferred to the territory of the reconstituted
Kalmykskaya AO in Stavropolskiy Kray.
Of the 6 oblasts and ASSR's in the old Volga Economic Region
(Kuybyshevskaya, Ulyanovskaya, Saratovskaya, Stalingradskaya,
Astrakhanskaya Oblasts and Tatarskaya ASSR) Stalingradskaya is the
largest in territory. It is fourth in total population and third,
after Tatarskaya ASSR and Saratovskaya Oblast, in number of urban
areas. The degree of urbanization in the oblast (57.3 per cent) is
second only to Kuybyshevskaya Oblast in the Region and is well above
the RSFSR average, The rural population density is low, when com-
pared with most other oblasts in the Region9 and decreases sharply
as the frequency of rain decreases, in a NW to SE direction.
Stalingradskaya Oblast is an important industrial and agri-
cultural-. Pgion_ in the USSR. ___ The main _tV e of industry in the
oblast, and one of national significance, is machine-building. The
ferrous metallurgy,chemical, ordnance, shipbuilding, and textile
*Since this writing, Balashovskaya and Kamenskaya Oblasts were
abolished (19 November 1957) by decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet, RSFSR. The city of Uryupinsk and the following
rayons of Balashovskaya Oblast: Budarinskiy, Vyazovskiy, Dobrin-
skiy, Yelanskiy, Kikvidzenskiy, Lemeshkinskiy, Macheshanskiy,
Nekhayevskiy, Novo-Nikolayevskiy, Rudnyanskiy, Uryupinskiy, and
Khoperskiy were transferred from Balashovskaya Oblast to Stalin-
gradskaya Oblast. Nizhne-Chirskiy and Chernyshkovskiy Rayons were
also transferred from Kamenskaya Oblast to Stalingradskaya Oblast.
All of the accompanying maps and the figures used in this study are
based upon the oblast as it existed prior to this change, word of
which was received after all of the calculations had been made.
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S E C R E T
industries in the Oblast also have national significance. Other
important industries are building-materials, wood-processing, food,
oil and gas. Stalingradskaya Oblast's role as a producer of wheat,
olive seeds, vegetables, melon crops, meat, and wool is expecially
important. Within the RSFSR the oblast is second only to Stavropol-
skiy Kray in head of fine wool sheep.
Stalingrad, the capital, is the administrative, educational.,
and cultural center of the oblast, and is the site of several of the
most important metallurgical, machinery., chemical, and ordnance
plants in the USSR; it is also a major Volga River port and trans-
shipment center. It is the third largest of the cities in the Volga
Region, eleventh in the RSFSR9 and twentieth in the USSR. Because
of its economic significance, the city government of Stalingrad is
independent of oblast jurisdiction and is directly subordinate to
the RSFSR Council of Ministers. The coequal Stalingrad City and
Oblast Committees of the Communist Party both are directly subordi-
nate to the Bureau for RSFSR Affairs of the USSR Central Committee
of the Communist Party in Moskva.
B._ Control_Grou s
1. Communist Part
and Komsomol
There are an estimated 72,000 Communist Party members
in Stalingradskaya Oblast, of whom approximately 4200, or 5.9 per
cent, are full-time Party members., defined as the Party control
force. The incidence of 72 Party members per 1000 adult population,
age 18 and over, is higher than the estimated average for the RSFSR
(65 per 1000) and well above the average for the USSR (56 per 1000).
Under the direction of the Bureau for RSFSR Affairs of
the USSR Central Committee of the Communist Party in Moskva, the
Stalingradskaya Oblast Party Committee oversees the work of local
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S E C R E T
Party committees in each city., town., and rural rayon in the oblast.
The Stalingrad City Party Committee, however, is coequal with the
Oblast Party Committee and reports directly to the Bureau for RSFSR
Affairs. The local Party committees direct the activities of mem-
bers in fulfilling all directives of superior Party organs. They
also supervise all civil Party Primary Organizations formed in
enterprises, machine-tractor stations, collective and state farms,
government agencies, research and educational institutions, trade
unions, and other establishments, through Party Secretaries
"elected" by these organizations with the approval of the local
Party committee at the same level. Each committee, through its
d'partments for economic, social, and cultural activities, maintains
a continuous check on the operations of all civil government agen-
cies and installations on the same level.
Information is not available concerning total Komsomol
membership in the oblast. The Komsomol is closely modeled on the
hierarchical pattern of the Communist Party. The oblast, city, and
rayon Komsomol committees are each responsible to the next higher
Komsomol coammmittee _ and g_rR_Jtpe ~ sed_ i~y_-+d a F iy-Cc =.---at- the --._..--- -
same level.
2. Milit
Stalingradskaya Oblast contains no identified Army, Air
Force, or militarized MVD units-or headquarters and no information
is available concerning the number of army and MU personnel in the
oblast. Any military units in the oblast would be subordinate to
Headquarters, North Caucasus Military District, in Rostov, Rostov-
skaya Oblast. MVD internal security troops in the oblast are sub-
ordinate to MVD headquarters probably also located in Rostov. The
estimated 4200* Air Force personnel in the oblast represent 0.4 per
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S E C R E T
cent of the adult population (age 18 and over).
Stalingradskaya Oblast has 6 targeted airfields. None
is capable of supporting sustained heavy- or medium-bomber operations.
Stalingrad/Gumrak Airfield (Target 0235-8026), Class 4, is operated
by the Soviet Air Force and used jointly by military and civil
craft. The Air Force and DOSAAF conduct pilot training there. Jet
fighters have been observed in the vicinity since 1952. Marinovka
Airfield (Target 0235-8038) is the oblastts only other Class 4
4 facility. It is a military field with a hard-surfaced runway and
was first observed in 1954. Located just S of the Volga-Don Canal,
"` it is probably responsible for the defense of the canal. Srednyaya
Akhtuba Airfield (Target 0235037), Gass 5, was an excellent
natural-surface field during World War II and may still be in use
today, although no information is available concerning its present
civil or military status. Its location and suitability for expan-
sion appear to favor development. Stalingrad Airfield (Target
0235-8023), Class 5, is operated and used by the Soviet Air Force,
probably for training personnel in 1igit _A1fdraft- ?---- Stalingrad
Southwest Airfield (Target 0235-8028), Class 5, is another military
field. CAB and MULE aircraft have been observed there. Frolovo
Airfield (Target 0235-8009), Class 5, also military, was a rela-
tively unimportant installation used-by light aircraft for para-
troop training as late as 1948. Its present significance is unknown.
Radar sites in the oblast are controlled through Head-
quarters, 18th Air Defense Region, in Stalingrad.
5
S E C R E T
13
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p
3. Government
ESTIMATED GOVERNMENT CONTROL FORCE
Administrative
Category
Stalingradskaya
Oblast
Republic Govt.
Oblast Govt.
Militia
Total
Stalingrad City
Republic Govt.
City Govt.
Total
Primary Control Force
Per Cent
Total Control Force
Number
of
69700
`
200
3.0
37,400
4,000
10.7
40800
4,800
100.0
48,900
9,000
18.4
4,100
100
2.4
22,900
2,500
10-9
27,9000
2,600
9.6
1 Not included in this total are professional workers of
the Communist Party, the officer and NCO components of the armed
forces, and economic supervisory and managerial personnel.
The total government control force consists of employees
a _ ?..- J..J.+~... 1.1 ~, S~,r !r e?~ d iL _
O"iiljtt~t113'~:~`2s tr ~.i.. :'SF 5 and t31 -- ?- -
the Stalingradskaya Oblast and Stalingrad City governments, working
in the oblast at all levels of control down to the rural soviet.
The primary government control force comprises employees
of governmental administrative and judicial agencies and is esti-
mated to total 9000 or 0.9 per cent of the adult population (18 and
over) in the oblast, and 2600 in the capital., or 0.5 per cent of
the city's total population. Included in the primary control force
are oblast, city, and rayon executive committees, which supervise,
under Party direction., the agencies responsible for providing the
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S E C R E T
civilian population with food., most housing., consumers? goods,
local transport, and other municipal services. The remaining
39,900, or 4 per cent of the adult population in the oblast, and
24,400 in the capital., or 4.5 per cent of the city?s population,
are members of the secondary government control force which
includes employees of nonadminilstrative institutions and enter-
prises funded through budgetary appropriations of the RSFSR,
Stalingradskaya Oblast, and cities and rayons in the oblast.
Included in the secondary control force are health and educa-
tional personnel and those employed in various public service and
utility activities. This group has no responsibility for policy
determination or planning., but rather carries out policies set
by the primary government control force.
In line with the recently implemented plan to
decentralize the management of industry and construction through-
out the USSR, Stalingradskaya Oblast has been designated a single
economic region, one of 6 regions replacing the Volga Economic
Region shown on the overlay to Map I, and is administered by its
own "council of national ecoriom~"~ -(3avna^.c~3 -'!'he-Sn'kl?oz,._. _
organized by the RSFSR Council of Ministers and composed of a
chairman, deputy chairman, and members, functions as the highest
oblast administrative and coordinating agency for industrial and
construction enterprises of greater than local significance within
the oblast. It elaborates and implements current and long-range
production plans, promotes industrial specialization, arranges
delivery of raw material and semifinished products, and determines
financial and economic acts of subordinate agencies. According to
recent Soviet reports, the Stalingradskaya Oblast Sovnarkhoz and
its departments has a staff of 500 people. Current plans call for
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Sovnarkhoz supervision of more than 250 enterprises and 46 con-
struction organizations formerly under the direct supervision of
various all-union, union-republic, and republic ministries. The
RSFSR Council of Ministers, however, exercises direct supervision
and control of all activities of the Sovnarkhoz.
In the past, nationally significant industrial and
-`3 construction enterprises in the oblast were controlled, through
local representatives, by all-union ministries in Moskva. Under
the decentralization plan, operative control of these enterprises
.1 '
?J
4 has been transferred to the oblast Sovnarkhoz. In line with the
new economic order, the number of all-union ministries has been
reduced since May 1957 from 23 to 7o The Stalingradskaya Oblast
Sovnarkhoz probably has assumed direct supervision of those enter-
prises . ?C
and organizations formerly subordinate to all-union indus-
trial and construction ministries which have been abolished.
Those enterprises in the oblast traditionally subordinate to all-
union ministries still in existence apparently are being super-
vised both by the oblast Sovnarkhoz and, as in the past, by the
me a 1-UniQn_.ministryin Moskva through local represent-
All union-republic industrial and construction minis-
tries in the RSFSR have been abolished and their enterprises and
organizations in Stalingradskaya Oblast have been transferred to
:rte the direct supervision and control of the oblast Sovnarkhoz. In
addition, operative control over the most important oblast enter-
s prises of the 3 industrial and construction ministries, in all
probability, has been transferred to the oblast Sovnarkhoz, includ-
ing enterprises in Stalingradskaya Oblast of the newly-formed
republic Ministries of Construction, Paper and Wood-Processing
S E C R E T
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S E C R E T
Industry, and Timber Industry. Other industrial and construction
enterprises of purely local significance in the oblast remain under
the direct supervision of the oblast executive committee.
Information regarding the organizational structure of
the oblast Sovnarkhoz is unavailable. However, some initial effects
of the reorganization in the construction sector of the economy have
been reported in the Soviet press. Prior to the reorganization,
construction work in the oblast was carried on by 46 organizations
subordinate to various ministries. All these organizations have
been combined into 6 large trusts subordinate to a newly-created
construction administration within the Sovnarkhoz. This consolida-
tion, it is hoped, will permit a more rational use of materials,
greater maneuverability of trained cadres of builders, and more
effective use of machines and equipment. In addition, all construc-
tion industry enterprises in the oblast are to be united into one
trust also subordinate to the construction administration of the
Sovnarkhoz.
II. Population, Labor Force, and Ethnic Composition
The principal characteristics of the 1958 population estimates
of Stalingradskaya Oblast are summarized in Table II.
The estimated 1958 total population of Stalingradskaya Oblast
is 1,444,000, including 4200* Air Force personnel. The number of
Army and MPD personnel and forced laborers in the oblast, though
unknown, is probably negligible-. The oblast contains an estimated
1.2 per cent of the total population of the RSFSR and 0.7 per cent
of the total population of the USSR.
Planned industrialization and collectivization in the 1930's,
plus in-migration from Western USSR, principally to the urban areas
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S E C R E T
TABLE II
SUMMARY OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS:
STALINGRADSKAYA OBLAST, 1958
Total population ..........................................1,444,000
Population density (persons per square mile) ...................40.6
Urban population ............................................827,000
Urban proportion of total population ..................57.3 per cent
Population in working ages (16-59 years) ....................91}8,000
Proportion of population in working ages.oo.o.o.......65.6 per cent
Females per 100 males in working ages ...........................116
Urban labor force......o..o..oooooo.ooooooooo...o......0....4O4ROOO
Proportion of population in urban labor force...........28 per cent
Military personnel (Air Force enly) ..........................1,200
Forced laborers...........ooooo.ooooo.o...oo .............Negligible
Proportion of Slavs in total population .................98 per cent
of the oblast, resulted in an increase of the total population and
a shift in the internal distribution of the population. The 1939
total population of 1,450,000 represents an increase of 12 per cent
over the 1926 population of 1,290,000. Internal population shifts
show an urban increase from 20 per cent in 1926 to 41 per cent in
1_.17.7 l39