THE SHIPBUILDING COMPONENT INDUSTRY IN EAST GERMANY

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• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 20, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 15, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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t.,k.rr I s.
SECRET
THE SHIPBUILDING COMPONENT INDUSTRY
IN EAST GERMANY
CIA/RR 1
15 February 1952
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SECRET
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the national defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
?
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a-z-a-a-Frz
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
THE SHIPBUILDING COMPONENT INDUSTRY
' IN EAST GERMANY
CIA/PR. 1
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27E-Q-B71-1
CONTENTS
Summary and Conclusions
I. Introduction
ael
1
2
1.
General Description of the Industry
2
2.
Importance of the Industry
2
3.
Organization and Operational Procedures
3
4.
Technology
3
II.
Production of Components and Parts
4
1.
Location and Capacity of Facilities
4
2.
Output
4
a. Diesel Engines
4
b. Marine Electrical Equipment
5
c. Plate and Structural Steels
5
d. Nautical Instruments
7
e. Submarine Components
7
III.
Input Requirements
8
1. Materials
8
2. Manpower
9
3. Equipment
9
4. Power
10
5. Construction
10
6. Parts
10
IV.
Distribution of Output
11
1. Domestic Requirements
11
2. Foreign Requirements
11
3. Stockpiling
12
V.
Limitations and Vulnerabilities
12
i?(
1. Limitations
12
2. Vulnerabilities
12
g7K-aHE7E-I
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Appendixes
Appendix A.
Locations, Installations, and Products or Activities
of the Shipbuilding Component Industry in East
Germany
Pa=
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13
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Illustrations
Tentative Chart of Control Channels for Ship-
building and Related Industries in East Germany .
Germany: Soviet Zone Ship Construction Facili-
ties (Map)
a7E-2-E7E!-I
Following Paae
3
4
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THE SHIPBUILDING COMPONENT INDUSTRY IN EAST GERMANY*
5ummarv and Conclusions
By mid-1951, East German production facilities were adequate for the
production of components for fishing craft construction, but there was a
severe shortage of materials. Although shipbuilding component production
in East Germany is largely a secondary endeavor of plants primarily engaged
in other activities, the shipbuilding component industry has an important
place in the economy of East Germany. Capacity for production of ship-
building components is sufficient to support a shipbuilding effort of 700
light craft annually, or about twice the present production. Preliminary
plans for steel consumption by the industry, including ship plate, for the
years 1951-55 will require 5 percent of planned annual steel output.
The advanced stage of centralized control and planning already exist-
ing in the industry lends itself to immediate conversion to a war economy.
The design of the ships on which the various components are used has been
in accordance with the principle of ready adaptibility to naval usage.
The submarine construction program of the USSR is aided by East German
production of needlebearings, periscopes, and valves. East German naval
designers are contributing to Soviet gas-turbine and torpedo experimenta-
tion. The Soviet economic potential is increased by East German contri-
butions of communication equipment, nautical instruments, and other com-
ponents for merchant ship construction in Polish and Soviet yards. East
Germany plays a vital role in the procurement for the Soviet Bloc of
diesel engines, ground tackle, electronic equipment, and other critical
items from the West.
Western export restrictions contributed to the severe shortage of
materials which forced drastic curtailment of production of shipbuilding
components in East Germany in 1951. Stricter enforcement of export con-
trols by the West German government is more feasible now because of the ex-
panded market in itsown shipyards. More effective measures against the
flow of production equipment and raw materials would necessitate either
large-scale importing of shipbuilding components from the Soviet Bloc or
further curtailment of the shipbuilding program.
* Including ship plate, structural steel, and naval ordnance.
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I. Introduction.
1. General Description of the Industry.
Shipbuilding as currently conducted in East Germany is largely an
assembly-type operation by shipyards which require a large number of fin-
ished components from outside plants. These yards have undertaken a pro-
gram which includes series production of fishing vessels. They also sal-
vage and repair merchant ships up to 22,000 gross registered tons (GRT).
Construction of cargo vessels up to 8,000 GRT will begin in 1952.
To meet the expanding requirements of the industry, a central pur-
chasing commission was established in 1948. With access to former sources
of supply in West Germany no longer assured, attention has turned to the
development of a self-sufficient shipbuilding component industry in East
Germany. Emphasis has been on the establishment of a workable system of
subcontracting with firms in related industries rather than on the con-
struction and development of new plants. Shipbuilding components have be-
come important products of firms in the East German engineering industry.
2. Importance of the Industry.
Goals of the East German shipbuilding and shipbuilding component
production programs are to provide East Germany with a merchant marine and
fishing fleet of its own and to augment the merchant and fishing fleet of
the USSR through reparations and other agreements.
In addition to the increase in the economic potential of both coun-
tries which such a program offers, their war potential is increased because
of the convertibility of these ships for use as naval vessels and auxiliaries.
As the supporting element to the East German shipbuilding effort, the ship-
building component industry assumes a vital role in the over-all planning
of the Soviet Bloc. Of additional significance is the use of East German
factories to supply critical components to shipyards in the Soviet Orbit.
Some idea of the importance which shipbuilding component production
has assumed within East Germany can be gained by a comparison with the US.
Normal peacetime* consumption of steel for shipbuilding averaged 1.3 percent
of total finished steel production in the US. In 1951, steel consumed in
East Germany for production of ships' machinery alone amounted to 1 percent
of production, and total yearly consumption by the shipbuilding industry,
including plate and structural steel, is expected to average 5 percent of
the steel produced during the current Five Year Plan (1951-55).
* 1939 is considered the last normal prewar year.
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? S ?E?C
3. Organization and Operational Procedures.
The East German Ministry of Machine Building, through its Main
Administration for Shipbuilding (HVS), supervises shipbuilding operations
in East Germany. This administration is subdivided into the Federation
of Nationalized Yards (VVW) and the High Sea Shipbuilding Bureau (HSSB)
which exercise administrative control over the shipyards and over a few
component plants.
The vast majority of plants producing components used in ship-
building, however, belong to subdivisions of other Main Administrations
of the Ministry of Machine Building. For example, sonic depth finders
are produced at a factory in Koelleda which belongs to the Radio and
Telecommunication (RFT) section of the Main Administration for Electro-
technical Construction. Plants belonging to subdivisions of the Ministry
of Heavy Industry and to the Ministry of Light Industry also manufacture
components.
Procurement orders for components are channeled upwards and distri-
buted on higher levels where representatives of various administrative of-
fices place orders with appropriate factories. Despite inevitable delays
necessitated by this procedure, detailed operational liaison at all stages
of production and planning has been effective in working out a satisfactory
flow of components. The tentative relationship of the High Sea Shipbuilding
Bureau to its own shipyards and component plants and to the administrative
organization which directs production in the complex web of East German
industrial installations is indicated in the chart which follows. (See
Fig. 1.)
4. Technology.
No significant improvements in technology are known to be used in
East German plants producing shipbuilding components. Series assembly of
the larger components has standardized production types and permitted ful-
fillment of orders in shorter working periods. Substitution of available
materials for those in short supply has caused the quality of production to
vary considerably. For example, when special steels needed for moving parts
in diesel engines are not on hand, steel with improper alloying elements
sometimes is used. While such substitutions inevitably lead to higher re-
jection rates, poor operating efficiency, and increased repair costs, the
ability to make such substitutions has been largely responsible for the
quantitative achievements of the component industry.
? 3 ?
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II. iroduction of Components and Parts.
1. Location and Capacity of Facilities.
Over 100 factories have been identified in East Germany as pro-
ducers of components and parts used in the shipbuilding industry. (For
the location of the majority of these factories, see Fig. 2, and for a
detailed list, see Appendix A.) The wide dispersion of plants throughout
East Germany is illustrative of the effectiveness of the operational
liaison between the shipbuilding administration and other branches of
Industry.
The more important plants, those producing the major proportion
of propulsion machinery, are the Wolff plants at Magdeburg (Buckau) and
Magdeburg (Salbke), the Diesel Motor Works at Rostock, the Geraetbau at
Schoenebeck, and the Kjellborg plant at Finsterwalde.
Capacity for greater output exists in nearly all plants because
production of marine components represents only a small percentage of total
plant utilization. Reasonable limits on over-all capacity can be estimated,
however, by the ability of the major plants to produce main and auxiliary
engines without serious dislocation of other activities. An estimate based
on peak monthly production in 1950 and 1951 of 300-horsepower diesels and
supporting propulsion equipment indicates that the industry is capable of
supplying the components needed for 700 fishing vessels, which would be
about twice the present actual production in East Germany.
2. OutPut.
Production in the East German shipbuilding component plants in 1951
was geared to the short-term requirements of the domestic building program
and to the fulfillment of a few export orders. Material allocations are
made in strict accordance with the minimum requirements necessary to complete
the shipbuilding production schedules set forth in the state Plan. There
is almost no output above actual targets. (For the products produced by each
plant, see Appendix A.)
a. Diesel Engines.
Noteworthy in the production of marine diesels in 1951 was the
assembly by hand of the first 1,000-horsepower diesels at Rostock and the
production of the 500-horsepower diesels required for the new seagoing
trawlers. These engines were turned out at Rostock, at Goerlitz, and at the
Wolff plants, the latter of which also series-produced for the first time
200-horsepower diesels needed for the cutter-building program. Additional
cutter engines were imported from West Germany.
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FIGURE 1
TENTATIVE CHART OF CONTROL CHANNELS FOR
SHIPBUILDING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES IN EAST GERMANY
USSR MINISTRY OF THE NAVY
USSR MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
SECRET
SOVIET CONTROL COMMISSION
Soviet channels of control through planning,
supervision, and acceptance testing
East German channels of administration
? ?? Component procurement channel for plant
not under administrative control of shipbuild-
ing agencies
GR1129 CIA, 1-52
SOVIET DIPLOMATIC MISSION, BERLIN
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICJ
REPARATIONS OFFICE
USSR MINISTRY OF SHIPBUILDING
MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRY
MINISTRY OF MACHINE BUILDING
MINISTRY OF LIGHT INDUSTRY
MAIN ADMINISTRATION
FOR SHIPBUILDING (HVS)
HFEDERATION OF
NATIONALIZED YARDS (VVW)
SOVIET
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISING
COMMITTEE
HIGH SEA
SHIPBUILDING BUREAU (HSSB)
STATE PLANNING COMMISSION
MAIN ADMINISTRATION FOR
ELECTROTECHNICAL CONSTRUCTION
RADIO AND
TELECOMMUNICATION (RFT)
SHIPYARD
Wismar
WARNOW SHIPYARD
Warnemiinde
DIESEL MOTOR WORKS
Rostock
SECRET
SCREW FACTORY
Finsterwalde
SHIP OUTFITTING
Rostock
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ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT PLANT
Ileda
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PROVISIONAL
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54
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.."?? 0 ? SHIP CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES
L.
0 Shipyard Location
? Ship Component Factory Location
. Zwickau
1 ?%,
Narnberg
11 Augsburg
12
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13
STATUTE MILES
9, 2.9 40 60
KILOMETERS
14
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15
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53
52
51
50,XI
12041 CIA. 12-51
FIGURE 2
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The drive for domestic self-sufficiency in engine production is
continuing to make progress. The standard 300- and 100-horsepower diesels
are already produced in quantities sufficient to satisfy domestic needs.
Given sufficient materials, production of 200-, 500-, and 1,000-horsepower
marine diesels also should meet planned requirements in 1952. The general
shortage of diesels in the other Soviet Bloc countries, however, probably
will mean continued importing of some marine engines from West Germany for
reexport. (For production data of marine propulsion units at various
factories in East Germany, see the table on p. 6.)
b. Marine Electrical Eauinment.
Marine electrical equipment is produced in East Germany chief-
ly at three plants, the RFT Central Laboratory at Berlin (Koepenick), RFT
Koelleda, and RFT Dabendorf. At Koelleda, 60 sonic depth finders were pro-
duced in 1950; at Dabendorf, 250 patrol boat transmitter sets (100-watt)
were manufactured in the same year. Other production, for which totals are
not available, includes 20-watt ship-to-ship radio-telephone equipment for
fishing vessels and a wide range of ships' electrical equipment and sea-
rescue signal apparatus.
East Germany is expected to become increasingly important in
1952 as a producer of marine transmitting and receiving sets. Included in
production plans are 100-watt medium-wave transmitters, 100-watt short-
wave transmitters, 1-kilowatt short-wave transmitters, and very-low-fre-
quency receivers. Some of these sets reportedly are destined for use in
Bloc naval vessels, but as yet neither shipment to the USSR nor installa-
tion of these sets on visiting Soviet ships has been reported.
c. Plate and Structural Steels.
The principal producers of plate and sheet steels for shipbuild-
ing in East Germany are the Halbzeugwerke at Aue, the Maximilianhuette at
Unterwellenborn, and the Kirchmoeser Rolling Mill at Brandenburg (Havel).
Structural pieces also are produced at the steel mills at Riese and Hennigs-
dorf. These plants have the ability to meet current requirements but will
require new equipment in order to turn out the larger plate sections needed
for the ocean-going vessels to be built in the 1952-55 period.
Expansion of production facilities at these installations and
the construction of new mills, despite the lack of sufficient materials to
maintain present plants at full capacity, are indicative of the East German
government's determination to push through its shipbuilding program regard-
less of the major supply problems involved.
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?Production of Marine Propulsion Units and Auxiliary Equipment in East Germany 2./
Factory
Town
TYD8 of Unit
Maximum Known
Production Rate
Period
Estimated
1951
Production
Comment
Wolff
Magdeburg
Diesel, 100 Horsepower
40 per Month
Nov 1950
400
Auxiliary for loggers, seiners
(Buckau-
Diesel, 200 Horsepower
68 per Year
Year ,1951
68
-Main cutter engine
Salbke)
Diesel, 300 Horsepower
65 per Month
Nov 1950
450
Main logger, seiner engine
Diesel, 500 Horsepower
1 per Month
4th Quarter 1951
3
Main engine for trawlers
Diesel
Rostock
Diesel, 100 Horsepower
48 per Year
Year 1950
200
Auxiliary for loggers, seiners
Motor
Diesel, 500 Horsepower
1 per Month
4th Quarter 1951
3
First of 55 engines planned by 1955
Works
Diesel, 1,000 Horsepower
2 per Year
Year 1951
2
First of 63 engines planned by 1955
Diesel, 2,000 Horsepower
In Design
Year 1951
0
55 engines planned by 1955
Wumag
Goerlitz
Diesel, 500 Horsepower
1 per Month
4th Quarter 1951
3
For 600 GRT trawlers
Diesel, 200 Horsepower
N.A.
Oct 1951
N.A.
Main cutter engines
Horch
Chemnitz
Diesel, 30 Horsepower
5 per Quarter
Year 1951
20W
Automotive and tractor diesels
Diesel, 45 Horsepower
3 per Quarter
1st Quarter 1951
9W
adapted for small craft made in
Diesel, 120 Horsepower
3 per Quarter
1st Quarter 1951
9W
the Berlin Yacht Yard
Geraetbau
Schoenebeck
Diesel Generators
64 per Quarter 2/
4th Quarter 1950
256
For main engines, loggers, seiners
Electric
Motors, 50 Horsepower 20 per Month 2/
Year 1951
240
Auxiliary engine for light, heat
Kjellborg
Finsterwalde
DC Motors and Generators,
3 to 70 Kilowatts
1,600 per Year 2/
1950
1,600
Standard electric auxiliaries
Current Regulators
250 per Year 2/
1950
250
shipped as needed by shipyards
and other industries
Elbtalwerk
Heidenau
AC Motors
0.25 to 1 Kilowatt
1,000 per Year 2/
1950
1,000
Standard electric motors for cranes &
1 to 10 Kilowatts
5,000 per Year 2/
1950
5,000
winches allocated in part to ship-
10 to 50 Kilowatts
1,800 per Year 9./
1950
1,8CO
building
a. The electric engine repair
bau in Halberstadt is reported
additional source for electric
b. Allocation for marine use f
c. General production of types
plants in Dorndorf and Osterwieck are used by the shipyards for rebuilding small electric motors. The Schwermaschin-
to have commenced production of 200-horsepower marine diesels. The Sachsenwerk (SAG) at Niedersedlitz is an important,
motors, generators up to 250 kilowatts, and transformers.
rom general production.
known to be used in East German shipbuilding.
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d. Nautical Instruments.
Production of nautical instruments in East Germany is centered
at the Askaniawerke in Berlin (Teltow). Manufactured at this plant are
ships' compasses, patent logs, automatic tide and current gauges, coastal
water thermometers, and metering devices and gauges for shipboard machinery.
Although a wide variety of instruments is produced here, there is consid-
erable dependence on West Germany for small parts. The Askania plant sup-
plies domestic shipyards and is an important supplier of nautical instru-
ments to the USSR.
e. Submarine Components.
Of special interest is the role of East Germany as a potential
source of parts used in submarine production. Immediately after World
War II a series of orders for odd components was placed at various plants.
These parts probably were used to outfit or to complete captured German
vessels. In 1948 and in 1949 a few additional orders reportedly were re-
ceived for submarine components, and more recently there have been numerous
reports mentioning export orders for the USSR. The table below is based
on the more reliable of these references:
Production of Component Parts for Submarines
in East Germany
Factory
1,ocation
Components
Quantity
Production
Period
Maschinen-
fabrik
Penig
Transmissions
2
1949 and 1950
Maschinen-
fabrik
Goerlitz
Centrifugal
Pumps
N.A.
1950
Chemical
Rudisleben
Valves
300
1950
Factory
DKF 2/
Leipzig
Needle-
bearings
3,500,000
1950 and 1951
Zeiss
Jena
Periscopes h/
N.A.
1951
Simson
Suhl
Periscope
N.A.
1951
Parts
Remarks
For experi-
mental sub-
marine
Capacity, 00
litres per
minute
T-shaped; known
production rate,
25 per month
Includes bear-
ings for tor-
pedo boats
Production be-
gun in Aug 1951
For Zeiss-Jena;
production be-
gun in 1951
a. Deutsche Kugellagerfabrik (German ball-bearing factory).
b. The recent order for periscopes at Zeiss-Jena is significant evidence of
increased need for this component in the USSR.
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III. Input Reauirements.
1. Materials.
The principal material used in the production of ship components is
steel. The requirements of steel in East Germany in 1951 for the manu-
facture of ships' machinery and deck equipment for about 360 fishing vessels
totalling 100,000 GRT are computed to be 16,000 metric tons of ingot steel.
Plate and structural steel production will not require more than 25,000
metric tons of ingot steel during the same year. The comparatively low
amount of steel used for plate and structural pieces is a result of sub-
stitution of wood on the loggers and cutters. As production of such larger
fishing vessels as trawlers and of merchant ships gets under way in 1952,
the use of steel will increase because substitution of wood will be less
feasible on these larger ships.
Preliminary East German plans for annual consumption of steel by
the shipbuilding industry during the Five Year Plan (1951-55) are known to
be 95,000 metric tons of finished steel. Because there is a loss of at
least 25 percent in the processing from raw to finished steel, an annual
requirement of 126,000 metric tons of ingot steel can be estimated. This
is about 5 percent of planned average annual production of ingot steel in
the same period.
In view of the severe material shortages and the recent downward
revisions in the production schedule of merchant vessels, it seems unlikely
that actual shipbuilding consumption will exceed 70,000 to 75,000 metric
tons of ingot steel. Shipbuilding consumption should remain at approxi-
mately 5 percent of actual production, however, because over-all steel out-
put in East Germany will itself probably fall below original plans.
East German mills, with the help of limited imports of alloy steels
from Czechoslovakia, have adequate facilities to meet the steel requirements
of the component plants and shipyards, but they are not able to maintain
capacity output, because of shortages of iron ore and coke. The severe
shortages of ores will make the East German mills directly dependent on ful-
fillment of large-scale imports planned from Krivoi Rog, USSR.
Nonferrous metals, chiefly copper alloys, also are used in the manu-
facture of shipbuilding components. The shortage of nonferrous metals in
East Germany, however, is acute and has resulted in intensive scrap salvag-
ing and substitution wherever possible. Tubing, for example, is sometimes
made of galvanized steel instead of copper. Domestic suppliers such as
Kupfer Messing in Hettstedt were able to provide only 44 metric tons of the
132 metric tons of brass required in 1950. Requirements of bronze for pro-
pellers, while small, are being met with great difficulty. Use of aluminum
on fishing vessels has been negligible.
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I.
a7E-c-E7E-T
Seasoned lumber is Obtained in quantity from West Germany and from
Yugoslavia through Swiss intermediaries. Marine paint, also in short sup-
ply, is produced at the paint factory in Berlin (Teltow). Additional paint
is procured from the Netherlands.
Rope-making materials are virtually unobtainable in East Germany.
The entire supply is shipped by firms in Hamburg. These firms evade re-
strictions against reexporting by false labeling. The Bastfaser plant in
Annaberg converts manila, hemp, and sisal into halyards, cordage, rigging,
and rope for the shipyards.
2. Manpower.
It is believed that the total number of workers exclusively engaged
in ship component production in the major plants in East Germany does not
exceed 6,000.* There is a shortage of skilled labor and technical personnel
in all segments of the industry, and the lack of mechanical engineers and
draftsmen with experience in both machinery design and shipbuilding is
especially acute. As a result, preventable flaws in operation of such com-
ponents as net winches are not discovered until they are installed and in
use.
Training programs include apprentice shops in the component plants
and courses in the Technical Institute at Rostock. The shipbuilding in-
dustry also recruits skilled personnel from West Germany. This policy, how-
ever, has had limited success. The controls over both unskilled and semi-
skilled labor in East Germany are sufficient to give the labor force a high
mobility and to allow management to shift workers from plant to plant. The
shortage of skilled labor and professional personnel, however, is unlikely
to be alleviated before the end of the current Five Year Plan (1951-55).
3. gauiment.
By mid-1951, production equipment needed for construction of com-
ponents for fishing craft in East Germany was adequate to meet the demands
of the shipbuilding program. Widespread deficiencies exist, however, in
the availability of production equipment needed for the new merchant marine
building program. In particular, large machine tools such as crankshaft
turning lathes for the 1,000-horsepower diesels are not readily available
from machine tool plants, which have only recently recommended production
of large special-purpose machine tools.
* For statistical purposes, this total would ordinarily be included with
statistics for heavy industry, light industry, or shipbuilding.
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Ship plate production has been limited to plates which are 5.5
meters long and 2 meters broad. Considerable retooling and some new equip-
ment will be needed to produce the larger plates required. Component plants
are known to be expecting delivery of some of these machine tools from West
Germany to set up production lines for the new building program.
4. Power.
It is estimated on the basis of comparable US experience that thb
percentage of electric power cost to total manufacturing costs would be the
lowest of all input factors.
In the US, power inputs presently account for approximately one-
half of 1 percent of the production cost of electrical equipment; seven-
tenths of 1 percent of the manufacturing cost of engines, turbines, and
similar machinery; about four-tenths of 1 percent of the cost of sheet
metal production; and about one-half of 1 percent of structural steel pro-
duction cost.
Power plants by mid-1951 had recovered very largely from the effects
of postwar dismantlings in East Germany. No plants producing marine com-
ponents are known to be limited by a lack of electric or other power.
5. Construction.
The expenditure of DM 3.2 million (East) for reconstruction of the
Diesel Motor Works in Rostock was authorized in 1950. The plant is now in
production. There has been little other plant construction or expansion
outside of the shipyards proper.
Priorities for housing projects for workers, however, have been as-
signed to areas adjacent to ship component plants in Finsterwalde and Rostock.
Because of the shortages of construction materials in East Germany, assign-
ment of priorities for such supplies is believed to be indicative of the
determination of the East German government to ensure the success of the ship-
building program.
6. Parts.
East Germany in 1950 and 1951 was still dependent on West Germany
for parts for certain nautical instruments, marine electronic equipment,
ground tackle, pistons, crankshafts, and other diesel engine parts. The
principal procurement agent for marine components and parts has been the
Selbsthilfe Kieler Betrieb in Kiel. The trade of this firm with East
Germany amounted to DM 3.5 million (West) in 1950.
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S-E-C-R-E-T
The shipyards in East Germany are heavily dependent on West German
firms for replacement parts for prewar marine engines still in use on in-
land water and harbor craft. In addition, complete diesels are imported to
augment production. The Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernburg was an important
exporter of diesels in 1951. Other sources for diesels included Klockner,
Humboldt and Deutz in Cologne, Maschinenbau in Kiel, and Bohn and Koehler
in Kiel. Total value of marine engine exports from West Germany to East
Germany may exceed DM 2 million (West) in 1951.
There undoubtedly will be continued importing by East Germany dur-
ing the current Five Year Plan (1951-55). The drive for self-sufficiency
in marine component production has made steady progress, and increasing
orientation of the entire shipbuilding industry toward the economy of the
Soviet Bloc is discernible. Shipments of ship plate and structural steel
were received in Rostock from the USSR in mid-1951. Continued shipments
may be expected until production of large plate sections in East Germany
is satisfactory.
Parts for diesels and pumps occasionally have been shipped from
Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Hungary. In addition, the USSR has shipped
critical parts needed for construction on 19 large Soviet merchant vessels
(1,000 to 20,000 GRT) undergoing repairs in East German yards during 1951.
The Soviets also supply parts to East German yards for repairs on Soviet
naval vessels.
IV. Distribution of Output.
1. Domestic Requirements.
The requirements of each East German yard for components needed
to fulfill its quota of ships determine production orders. In addition,
there are a few orders filled specifically for shipment to other Soviet
Bloc countries. With the exception of this latter category, domestic yards
consume all production, and there is no exportable surplus.
2. Foreign Reauirements.
Exports include 300-horsepower diesels produced by Wolff which are
shipped in unknown quantities to Baltic ports in the USSR and in Poland for
installation on fishing vessels built in those two countries. Production
of 85 large marine boilers and 91 turbines, both for export to the USSR,
also are included in production orders this year. The submarine components
previously mentioned are shipped to the USSR.
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S-E-C-R-E-T
Sporadic reports indicate that East German industrial facilities
are utilized for the processing of parts for naval guns, but there is no
evidence of sustained production of naval ordnance of any kind. Of signif-
icance, however, is Soviet interest in East German experimental facilities.
The Economic Technical Bureau (WTBG) in Berlin is known to have developed
a new stabilizing device for torpedoes, and the Entwicklungsbuero (design
office) in Dresden has conducted experiments in the development of new
turbines adaptable for naval use.
3. Stockpiling.
No stockpile of marine components is known to exist in East Germany.
The export of 3.5 million needlebearings, however, is evidence of possible
stockpiling of this component in the USSR.
V. Limitations and Vulnerabilities.
1. Limitations.
Limitations in the supplies of basic raw materials do not permit
full utilization of shipbuilding component production facilities in East
Germany without substantial importing. Production has been further cur-
tailed by the shortage of skilled labor which necessitates the hiring of
workers with a lower level of productivity. Another factor which decreases
the value of East Germany as a supplier of needed components is the con-
centration upon a few standard models for series production. Replacement
units for models not currently manufactured are not readily available, and
this entails long delays in repair work.
2. Vulnerabilities.
Western export restrictions contributed to the severe material
shortages which sharply curtailed activities in some East German shipbuilding
component plants in 1951. Even stricter enforcement of controls by the
West German government now is practicable because of alternative markets in
the expanded West German shipbuilding industry. Curtailment of repair activ-
ities subcontracted by East Germany to yards in Belgium and the Netherlands
would severely impair East German salvage and repair programs because of the
inability of East German plants to produce many of the nonstandard components
needed.
The flow of components to coastal shipyards is subject to disruption
at two key points. Magdeburg, with several major plants, and Berlin; with
a concentration of component plants, are both situated at intersections of
principal railroads, waterways, and roadways used in the shipment of
components.
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S?E?C?R?E-1
41,
APPENDIX A*
LOCATIONS, INSTALLATIONS, AND PRODUCTS OR ACTIVITIES
OF THE SHIPBUILDING COMPONENT INDUSTRY
IN EAST GERMANY
Location
Ammendorf
Aue (Hammer)
Bautzen
Berlin
Bernburg
Bitterfeld
Brand Erbisdorf
Brandenburg (Havel)
Chemnitz
Colditz
Dabendorf
Dessau
Dorndorf (Thuringia)
Installation
Wagenbau
*Halbzeugwerke
Drahtseilerwerk
Andacht, Paul Co.
Akku Fabrik
*Askaniawerke Teltow
Augustin Werke
Berliner Stahlbau
Bergman Borsig
Heckert
Klockner Eisenhandel
Kabelwerk Oberspree
Kabelwerk Koepenick
Lackfabrik Teltow
Osram Works
Primus Trakteren Werke
RFT Central Laboratory
Transformer Works
Wagner Laboratory
WilheImsruhe Electric
Equipment Plant
*Armaturenwerk (SAG) 1/
Kombinat
George Weingoldt
Precision Instrument
Plant
Kirchmoeser Rolling Mill
Hauboldt Mas chinenfabrik
Niles
Alfred Stortz Co.
RFT Plant (VEB) h/
Maschinenfabrik (ABUS) g/
Repair Plant (yEM) a/
Product or Activity
Metal-processing
Ship Plate
Cable
Winch Drums
Submarine Equipment
Precision Instruments
Engines, 800-horsepower
Winch Frames
Turbines
Winches
Metal Importer
Marine Cable
Marine Cable
Marine Paint
Incandescent Lamps
Parts Made of Gun Metal
Communication Equipment
Transformers, Motors
Voltage-control Devices
Voltage-control Devices
Precision Parts for Sub-
marines
Hydronalium Sheets
Forgings, Stampings
Naval Optics
Plate
Diesels
Machine Tools
Engines
Radio-telephone Equipment
Electromagnets
Repairs for Electric Motors
4 Additions and corrections to the list of component plants are invited.
a.
b.
C.
d.
Soviet-owned firm.
People-owned plant.
Mining And Heavy Industrial Equipment.
Federation of Electrical Machine-building Plants.
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S-E-C-a-E-I
Location Installation Product or Activitv
Dresden
Eberswalde
Erfurt
Finsterwalde
Freiberg (Saxony)
Gagern
Goerlitz
Grevesmuehlen
Halberstadt
Halle
Heidenau
Hennigsdorf
Hohenthurm
Jena
Koelleda
Langenau
Leipzig
Agregat
Brueckner Kanis
*Ettwicklungsbuero
(Design Office)
Electric Motor Works
Ludwig Karl
Kruse Co.
Schulze and Schulze
Ardeltwerke
Dietz
Hagans Co.
*J. Jahn
RFT Erfurt
*Henri Pels
Kjellborg
*Schraubenfabrik
Hildebrandt Plant
Repair Shop
*Maschinenfabrik (VEB)
Praezionsmaschinenfabrik
Schwermaschinenbau
*Hallesche Pumpenwerk
Elbtalwerk
*Electric Locomotive
Plant
*Stahl und Walzwerke
Dampfkesselbau (VEB)
*Zeiss
RFT Plant (VEB)
Plant Name Unknown
Eger Works
Energie und Kraft -
maschinenbau
Elektrostahlgusswerk
*Deutscher Kugellager -
fabrik
Meier and Weichelt
Schuman and Co.
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Small Engines
Turbines
Turbine Experimentation
D.C. Motors
Winches
Starting Gear
Ship Airconditioning Units
Forgings, Turbines, Propellers
Boilers
Engine Models
U-boat Ballast Pumps
Batteries, Radar
Castings for Submarines,
Naval Guns
Electric Motors, Generators,
Welding Electrodes
Nuts, Bolts, Rivets
Precision Instruments for
Submarines, Sextants
Small Craft Parts
Gas Turbine Generators,
Diesels
Precision Parts
Diesels
Pumps
Electric Motors
Turbine Parts, Plate
Parts for Submarines, Naval
Ordnance
Boilers, Fittings
Precision Parts, Industrial
Diamonds for Submarines,
Per
Echo Sounding Equipment
6-kilowatt Motors
Compressor Parts, Trans-
missions
Diesels
Gas Turbine Parts
Needlebearings for Sub-
marine and Torpedo Boats
Cable Blocks, Propellers
Submarine Valves
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Location
Magdeburg (Buckau)
Magdeburg (Salbke)
Magdeburg
Marzahn
Meissen
Netztschkau
Niedersedlitz
Osterwieck
Penig
Firma
Plaue (Havel)
Radeburg
Riesa
Rosslau
Rostock
Rudisleben
Schoenebeck
Schwerin
Suhl (Thuringia)
Torgelow
Ueckermuende
Unterwellenborn
Vacha
Waren
27E72-E-E-1
Installation
*Wolff
*Wolff
'Krupp-Gruson
*Polte
*Schaeffer and Budenburg
Hasse and Wrode
Meissen Co.
Nema (SAG)
Sachsenwerk
Repair Plant (VEB)
Peniger Maschinenfabrik
Control Apparatus Plant
Shipyard Lathe Shop
Sachsenwerke
Riesa Steel Mill
Elbwerke
*Dieselmotorenwerke
Maschinen und Kuhlschrank
Schiffsausstattungswerk
Elektro (VEB)
Industriewerke
Chemische-Maschinen-
fabrik (SAG)
Geraetbau
Plant at 87 Goethestrasse
Industriewerke
Simson (SAG)
Giesserei
Maschinenfabrik
Laternwerk
Stahlgiesserei
Maximilianhuette
Cable Plant
Waren Mueritz Foundry
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Product or Activity
Winches, Gear
Diesels, Boilers
Turbine Rotors, Ground
Tackle
Valves, Gauges, Submarine
Parts
Submarine Parts, Signal
Whistles
Engine Parts
Friction Discs
Propellers, Pontoons
Electric Motors, Transformers,
Generators
Electric Engine Repairs
Cable Winches, Transmissions
for Submarines
Electric Switches
Anchor Winches
Radar
Plate, Angle Irons, Piping
Net Winches, Capstans
Diesel Engines, Windlasses
Refigeration Machinery
Outfitting, Ship Interiors
Motor Generators, Electric
Motors
Winches
Valves for U-boats
Diesel Generators, Electric
Motors
Electric Motors, Telegraphs
Net Winches
Periscope Parts
Forgings, Castings, Diesel
Parts, Winches, Propellers
Signal Whistles
Ship Lanterns, Patent Logs
Propellers
Plate, Piston Rods
Rubber-covered Cable
Propellers, Porthole Fittings,
Steering Gear Sockets,
Diesel Parts
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Location
Warnemuende
Weissenfels
Wismar
Wurzen
Zwickau
S-E-C-R-E-T
Installation
Plant at 3 Poststrasse
Industrial Hardware Plant
Wagenfabrik
Cable Works
Horch
dditional Locations Installations
Product or Activity
Installation of Radios
Anchor Chain
Naval Instruments
Wire Cable
Diesels
and Product
Location
Annaberg (Erzge-
birge)
Berlin
Berlin (Grunau)
Berlin (Johannisthal)
Berlin (Johannisthal)
Boizenburg
Falkenstein (Sachsen)
Gotha
Grabow
Leipzig
Plauen
Rechlin
Sonderhausen
(Thuringia)
Wildau
Wismar
Installation
Bastfaser
Gaselan (yEB)
Clarsten Co.
Kaltmaschinenbau
Motorenwerke
Plattenfabrik
Webereien
Maschinenfabrik
Geraetbau
Radio-signal Plant
Gluehlampenwerke
Staatswerft
Zweigwerk
Heavy Machine Works
Stahlbau
Product or Activity
Rope, Cordage, Nettings
Buoys, Beacons
Tackle, Sail
Refrigeration Units for
Loggers
Two and 4-horsepower Out-
board Motors
Plate, Hull Sections
Signal Flags
Reverse Gears
Bronze Parts
Shutter? Signal Apparatus
Clocks, Chronometers
Transmission Gears
Cylinderheads, Nozzleholders
Ship Plate Press
Anchors
It is possible that the following installations also
processing parts for submarines:
Raguhn
Wasungen
Wittenberg
Wittenberge
Heerbrandt
Jaeger Cigar Factory
Former Textile Plant
(name unknown)
Railroad Repair Works
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may be making or
Interior Equipment
U-boat Parts
U-boat Parts
U-boat Engine Repairs
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