CIA - EYES AND EARS OF U.S.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67-00318R000100360001-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 6, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 12, 1960
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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AND THE BALTIMORE (SUNDAY) SUN"
JUNE 12, 1960
C1. A -Eyes an. ars of
IS
s
?
The Most Secret overnment Agency Has
Extrarndinary over. s To Do Its Job
By JOHN C. SCH.
MIDT
;~NITED STATES inteuigence activities Part of CIA's Washington operations now 1. Peeple in the agency's employ vary as
throughout the world come into focus are located in the old buildings of the pub. .'widely as.file clerks and- U4 pilots, with
around a unique agency of the Federal 'lie Health 'Service-OSS headquarters in'eategories. in between' that, cannot even be
'Government-the Central Intelligence I World War 11-just 'off the Rocs Creek and suggested. But there are few who come
Agency. It is the most secret and least- Potomac River parkway in Washington's ;'even close to the classic cloak-and-dagger
known government body, but paradoxically Foggy Bottom district. It is surrounded by ;type of spy. Today's spies are people
It is one of the most wide-open of the a barbed-wire-topped fence, but during the ;,trained in geopolitics, languages, history,
world's great intelligence systems: 'day the gates are open and unguarded, electronics ?and foreign affairs. They take
get sick leave and enjoy other
Its budget is secret, and how many ',Both Mr. Dulles's home and the CIA ' are electronics
ri illions it spends is known to only a !listed in the Washington telephone direc- (benefits of Civil-Service.
handful of Congressmen and a few top tory, and a sign out front identifies the 'While the upper echelons of CIA are
agency officers. The number .of employees agency and displays Its shield.
is likewise secret; there is not even a.+ You can drive- into the grounds without
list. of them, for accounting purposes. It being stopped, and even wire gratings on
is. organized under 'the National Security flower windows of the buildings do not set
Council and answers directly and only to them apart from similar Federal.commun?
the President. ities in the nation's capital. The agency's
CIA is probably the only government I new $46,000,000 building in Langley, Va.,
agen ,y that has no press officer. It neither due for completion next' year; will also
confitins, denies nor comments on 'stories be accessible to the public.
? !about it that appear in the press. It. never, Given Personal. Escort- 1
alibis its mistakes, never. explains its;
methods of operation and never reveals its'. The security line. is drawn, however, as
sources of information. a6on as the visitor crosses the threshold
of. `any. of the buildings. Armed, gray-
Headed By Allen Dulles shirted guards man all entrances, and the
By contrast, the life of the CIA's director" visitor with legitimate business must write
fs'an open!book; especially.when compared ,,his name, address and citizenship on a
to the chiefs of other intelligence systems form. A personal' escort is provided to
who ar-e not even known by name. Pipe- wherever he must go from there.
smoking, professorial Allen W. Dulles earns Beyond the sentry stations is an un-
1$21,000 a year in the job, lives in a' rented, (spectacular array :of offices 'and .'corridors,
unguarded house in Georgetown and comes walk-in safes, filing cabinets 'marked
thornin m a "Classified," filing, cabinets. marked "Not
wo
k
bout 8 o'cjock ever
t
y
o
r
a
Classified,'" signs. advising when classified
chh
The fe
oun er een Bcar.rother of the late John 'Classified,"'
is icked up and how it must''be
_ The
oun
f
i
y
y
g prepared
or disposal. A bulletin board l?mter? Dulles, Secretary of State, Allen p
I Dulles came. to the CIA with a thorough iconta'ins notices of cars for sales apart-
cbackground in the ways of espionage. In Invents for rent -and a warning not to post
!World War II in Switzerland he directed any 'classified information,
crated in Germany and Ttaly. A scholar (show wallet-size plastic passes, no matter
- - _ . >~ a--- -----~ `----- ---~ -- .,,,, of --
lof;Princeton-and the_ George Washington' day. Different kinds of passes permit ac-
University School of Law. ? cess -to-different areas. Inside, the typical
Now .67, he plays tennis .and swims on 1worker lives in a semi-vacuum, and does
!weekends. He was married in Baltimore not even know what the fellow in the.
In 1920 to Martha Clgver Todd; and they next office is working on.
Allen W. Dulles, CIA director
since 1933, is the younger brother
of the late John Foster Dulles.
I. have three' children. The Soviets call him fl New Career Field filed with older people-many with experf-
'
nt Eisenhower
a sinister, evil man, Preside ence in the wartime OSS-the agency is
ta#31s him simply amazing, CIA's job, carried on in legalized se-, redominantly a young person's organiza?
Arcess To White Rouse [ Crecy, is described broadly as the col- ion and has a definite "Ivy League" look.'
lection and evaluation of information re=, here are exceptions,' but Eastern uni-
A Mr. Dulles enjoys a number of special lating to'national security, The people that 'ersities head the list of alma maters.
? ;privileges which expedite his mission, one work at it represent a new career field:, Modern agents gather their informations
of, which is immediate access to the Presi- on the' American labor scene. This is a from many sources. While the days of
debt. He has 'a white telephone on his result of Mtt. Dulles's leadership, for when concealed microphones and coded messages
office desk and another in his home which he assumed command, one of his an.. are not over, the vast majority of today's
are direct open lines -to the. White House. 'nounced aims was 'to, create a permanent items of intelligence are turned up in
When the location' of' a new building for place for intelligence in American govern, foreign periodicals, technical papers and
the CIA was under consideration, Mr. i.merlt- reports ;roni our own armed forces and
Eisenhower specified -that it be not more diplomatic corps. Even reports of the
than twenty mhiates' drive from the White (Weather Bureau-are studied.
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Dulles found a :going concern
when he took over, but' only the
beginning of an effective intelli.
genre organization. Fortunately
for the United States, Duties had
e 'substantial intelligence back-
'gtound and 'hasp stayed on- the
job, possibly the-most intense in
';government,' for seven years.
He was 'fit . the diplomatic
- corps 'for. '10years, from 1916 to
1926. After resigning in 1926, he
stiidled,iaw and received the de=.
`gree:. -of LL.B. from' 'George.
Washington -University, .Wash
ington, D.C. He then joined the
firm of 'Sullivan and Cromwell
in 'New York;. of which his
`brother, the late Secretary". of
State John Foster Duties,' was a
member.
In 1942, the late William J.
Donovan selected Dulles to be
chief of the OSS' in Switzerland.
Switzerland was' * the neutral.
.meeting ground. for all the spy
systems in Europe. Dulles is
given much of the credit for the
surrender of_ the German troops
in Northern Italy 'in 1945..
Dulles was also in communi-
cation with the German generals
who were plotting . against
Hitler. For his wartime, service.
!*he received the. United States
Medal of Merit and presidential
citation and the Medal of Free-
dom.
i In 1948, he was appointed
chairman of a three-man com-
mittee to survey the United
'States Intelligence system. Soon
after' Gen. Smith became direc-
tor of CIA 'in October 1950; Dul-
'les joined his staff.
Dulles has 'a combination of
International and intelligence ex-
perience without equal In the
United States. He gives to his
i task as director of the CIA, on
a salary of'about 10. per cent of
what he could earn as a lawyer,
a' 'devotion that knows no limits
of timeearid-effort. His is always
.1 seven-day, week of work and
,the average-working day is 12
Or 14' pouts..
In spite of. his 67 years, Dulles
is physically vigorbus and men-
tally alert. His mild and hearty
appearance belies a toughness.
Sind willingness' to take chances.'
.This Is the man who has made'
It should be noted that only a 1
small percentage, of its person.
nel is engaged.in undercover and
!espionage work.. The vast major.
ity of intelligence is winnowed
ftom public documents through
areful study of experts.
Innumerable spurious articles
have been -written attributing
successes and failures to CIA.
The ' agency itself never tells
about its operations. Someone
guesses. that it was ? successful in
getting. rid of Communists 'in
Guatemala; in over t h r o w i n.g
Premier Mossadegh In Iran, or
that it. failed to warn of the
Israeli - British - French invasion
of Egypt.
Nevertheless, the success of
the CIA Intelligence effort has
been outstanding. We did ' know
that there was likely'to be trou-
ble on Vice President Richard
M. Nixon's South American tour.
We did know all about the Israeli
and French- and British plans to
invade Egypt, even though our
allies told as. nothing. We did
know of. the impending. trouble
in Jordan before the British were
expelled. We did know of Nasser.
plots in Iraq and Lebanon and
moved in time to foil the latter
effort.
Obtaining Intelligence is only:
the beginning.. Interpretation of
the information Is another prob-
lem. and the use of .intelligence
is a third. The CIA excels in the
acquisition of intelligence. There
are 'some who believe .that: inter-
pretation Is not equally well
:handled. -Interpretation is an art-
and:first-class'artists of this type
in the many specialties where
they are.needed are scarce.
dt .is in the use .that the Gov-
ernment; not the CIA, makes of
intelligence that the United
States fails. Inexperienced civil-
ian administrators, such as Sec-
retaries of Defense Charles E.
Wilson 'and Neil H. McElroy,
tend to disregard available and
reaso ab accurate intelligence
es.i,fiates and fashion their own
pictures of -Soviet capabilities.
SHOULD there be greater con-
gressional and executive control
,,over the CIA? Those who are in-
volved In, present congressional:
and executive controls do not
believe so. The'Hoover Conimis-
sion: recommended that a joint
congressional watchdog` commit.
tee be established : to oversee
CIA. 'It proposed also i presi-
dentially-appointed committee of
'civilians to be "composed of 'ex-
perienced private citizens. who
,.Would. periodically examine She
`o.rk of the government foreign
intellgence agencies' and report"
to tie President
lVe latter committee was ap-
poi ed with eight members in-
ciuMing the -chairman, Dr. James
go Killian. The joint congression-
committee was - not formed.
It was brought out that the
Armed Services and Appropria-
tions Committees of the Senate'
'and the House had small sub-
committees.to supervise CIA op- I:
erations.
There was bipartisan supporti
for continuation, of the present
system. Senator Richard Russell
(Dem.), Georgia, supported by
Senator Leverett Saltonstall
(Rep.), Massachusetts, declared:
"Although. we have asked him
(Dulles) very searching ? ques-
tions.about some activities which
it almost chills the marrow . of
a man to hear about, he has
never failed to answer forthright-
ly and frankly in response to
any question we have asked
him."
SOME of CIA operations are
so secret that the armed serv-
ices may not be, informed, nor
may, other governmental agen-
cies.. This necessary) secrecy
gives rise to the idea. that CIA
is. operating more or less on its
own. This- is not true. Whatever
activities it undertakes, other
than routine, are approved at
the highest level.
The more persons who know
of what it is doing, the greater
the chances of "leaks" and pen-
etration: -by foreign espionage.
Almost universally, those who .
are in a position to 'know about
the CIA hope that the director's
position will come to be regard-11
ed as a permanent4 non-political,
appointment like that of J. Ed.';
gar Hoover as the permanent,
non-political head of the FBI.
Nor does anyone have a candi-
date for the permanent status
except the present director, Al-
len W. Dulles.
REP; CLARENCE CANNON
ALLEN W. DULLES
?
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"REPRINTED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION OF BRIG. GEN. THOMAS R. PHILLIPS, U.S.A. (RET.)
AND THE ST. LOUIS POST DISPATCH"
?
MAY 15, 1960
Misconceptions of CIA.
Shown by U-2 Reaction
Intelligence Organization Established in 1947 Has
Outstanding Record -President Briefed Weekly
on Its Operations by Director Dulles.
?
?
By Brig. Gen:,A. (Ret.)
i nary Analyst of the Post- ispatc .
WASHINGTON, May 14.
THE REACTION to the forced landing of the American reconnais-
sance airplane at Sverdlovsk, 1300 miles inside the Soviet Union, has been
in two opposite directions. Many were horrified that the United States
would violate Soviet sovereignty. They jumped to the conclusion that
this was done without the knowledge of responsible authorities by the
Central Intelligence Agency or the
i The other reaction, since very little is
known publicly of the real success of our
intelligence operations, was one of assur-
ance that the iron curtain could be pene-
trated. Millions of Americans who had no
idea that our intelligence could be effective
J -against the Soviet Union, in view of the
'difficulties of penetrating the vast police
state, were surprised and pleased to learn
that it was being done successfully.
THE STATE DEPARTMENT released a
statement May 7 "that, insofar as the
authorities are concerned, there was no
authorization for any such flights as de-
scribed by Mr. Khrushchev."
This led to demands for investigation and
the establishment of controls over the in-
telligence activities of the nation. To quiet
this clamor, and to indicate that intelli-
gence operations were not being pursued
irresponsibly, the State Department on
May 9 further stated -that the policy of
unarmed aerial surveillance had been ap-
proved by the President.
The next day, Representative Clarence
Cannon (Dem:), Missouri, disclosed in an
address to -the House that special subcom-
mittees of the Armed Services and Ap-
propriations Committees had been fully
informed of our intelligence activities.
Cannon revealed that the appropriation
for this, activity had been recommended
by the Bureau of the Budget with the ap-
proval of the President. He took advantage
of the opportunity "to compliment and
thank Director Allen W. Dulles, and his
remarkable corps, for the admirable, way
in which they met the situation (the need
for intelligence against surprise attack)
through these later years."
One strange aspect of the revelation of
the aerial reconnaissance activity was the
assumption by so many in and out of Con-
gress that such an activity could be carried
out without the knowledge of high officials
and the President.
Declassified and Approved
armed services.
f The President is given a weekly
brief- ing by Dulles. It is hard to imagine that
Dulles would provide him with extensive
details of secret military and other in-
formation inside the Soviet Union with-
out at the same time telling how the in-
formation was obtained.
The CIA was established, effective Sept.
18, 1947, by the National Security Act. The
act also provided for a Secretary of De-
fense and partial unification of the armed
services, for the National Security Council
and for the National Security Resources
Board.
Of the four major new organizations
established by the act, the CIA alone has
fully accomplished the purpose for which
it was organized. Unification of the armed
forces still is only partly effective. The
National Security Council has not lived up
to the responsibilities for which it was de-'
signed. The National Security Resources
Board was abandoned in later legislation.
For the first time in our history, the
United States has an outstandingly effec-
tive intelligence organization. Qualified of-
ficials consider it to be, despite its short
existence, the best intelligence organiza-
tion ever developed, superior to the Soviet
intelligence in every respect except es-
pionage.
A competent Intelligence organization
cannot be set up over night. It needs
scholars, linguists and experts in every
field of activity that bears on military
matters, and there are few activities
that are not Involved with the military
today.
It requires a special type of personnel
whose dedication and patriotism keeps
them working under the hard conditions
of security supervision-men and women
who know that their successes and feats
will always remain anonymous. There will
be no acclaim for them, except from their
associates. nor will the skills they develop
are eliminated as a result of se-
curity investigation because they
drink too much, talk too much
or have relatives behind the
iron curtain and might be.sub-
ject to pressure. Serious se-
curity reasons, possibly Indicat-
ing efforts to plant foreign
spies in the agency, account for
4 per cent of the 11 per cent that
are screened out.
the 2Q. per cent left, .11 per cent
(continued)
enable them
in industry.
The utmost in self-sacrifice is required
from the limited number that is engaged
on covert, or espionage, activities. Failure.
can result in anonymous death, or execu-
tion as a spy.: Success may never make
even a headline.
In view of such requirements, in view of,
the training required and the skills that
must be developed, a fully effective in-
telligence agency cannot be developed in
less than a generation.
THE CIA had four directors from its
inception as the Central Intelligence Group
in 1946 to .February 26, 1953, when Dulles
became its head. The earlier directors.
were Rear Adm. Sidney W. Sowers, United
States Naval Reserve, Gen. Hoyt S. Van-
denberg, Rear Adm. Roscoe H. Hillenkoet-
ter and Gen. Walter Bedell Smith.
Smith performed yeoman service in or-
ganizing the agency in an effective form
and in cleaning out unsuitable personnel.
Intelligence activities appeal to adven-
turers and romantics who rarely are ef-
fective in the anonymous drudgery and
personal restrictions of intelligence work.
Out of every thousand applications for
employment by the CIA, 800 are, screened
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Russ Literature Scanned
The CIA scans every piece' of Russian
_ \., piterature it can lay its hands on and
t
l
rans
(
ates any that have scientific content.,
t monitors thousands of hours of foreign
adio news and propaganda broadcasts
ach week. It produces its own intelligence
through a network of special agents whose
isefulness continues only as long as they
emain unknown.
The U-2 program is the best-publicized
xample of CIA's intelligence gathering
operations and might go down with the
rojan horse as one of the most celebrated
spionage feats of all time. Certain free-
om was given to field commanders as
o the exact timing of these flights, but
he direction and control originated with'
IA, working with. the President and other
op government officers.
The program was known only to a few
ersons, even within the CIA, and until
May 1 was one of the best-kept secrets in
odern espionage. Its secrecy lingers on,
or when Mr. Dulles testified before Con-.
ressional investigators on the incident,
-~ 1 e had the authority to say whether or
of any of his testimony would be released.
'one was.
~ Intelligence Estimates
As far as the public and even most of
Dulles
W
ncerned
t
i
h
l
.
,
on
s co
ing
Was
~fficia
~~- - is the tightest-lipped bureau head in gov-
} ernment. He would be happier if both he
d I- or anization could remain out of
an i
immediate future. He said analysis of any
Soviet weapons system involves judgments
on the capability of the Soviets to pro-
duce it, probable inventories' of the wea-
pon, the role Soviet military planning. has
assigned to it, and what the Soviet high
command may expect.of it in the future.
Briefs Security Council
In the early stages of any given weapon,
the CIA stresses capabilities. Then as more
facts become available, analysts estimate
its programming. Such a procedure is fol-
lowed for all types of weapons. As evi-
dence accumulates and patterns begin to
emerge, the analysts reach their estimate
of the likely construction program.
Apart from such estimates. 'which cover
specific weapons and situations, the CIA
} has the job of keeping the National Se-
curity Council alert to the general intelli? j
gence situation all over the world. Mr.
Dulles does this at the council's weekly
the President and
attended b
ti
s
y
,
mee
ng
!`. -. his principal advisers on foreign policy.
,KAr Mr. Dulles opens these meetings with a,
~. - ?-- A ' briefing on happenings of the past week
public notice altogether. But in a democ-
1racy, founded on free speech and a free
press, this is scarcely possible.
Most of the reliable information about
CIA - and an aide to Mr. Dulles says a
great amount of unreliable information has
been published --- comes from speeches
and other public and semi-public appear-
ances that Mr. Dulles makes from time to
time. In a talk in New York earlier this
,year, he spoke of how his agency makes
an intelligence estimate, one of its impor-
tant functions.
In the case of Russia, he said, the
mine where the Soviet
t
t
d
ob i
'
e
er
o
s
CIA
s j
Union stands in the missile and other mili- i
tary fields, and where it is gging in the I
?
?
?
2 Ift (sanded)
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partucwar areas or ,me woria tins;. ;n}gnt
'be scheduled for discussion: failure to' foresee the 'entry of Red China
He prepares this material at $t meetin~ into the Korean War. Clues were available,'
the day before of the' Intelligence Board, for example, that the Chinese army had
which. consists of. representatives of all the'. stocked up on antibiotics shortly before the
armed services, Atate Department, Atomic, invasion, which might have told the analysts)
? Energy Commission, FBI and the joint what was coming.
Chiefs of Staff. Forewarning of surprise attack was, in
Mr. Dulles never shrinks away from giw fact the reason President Truman in 1946,
ing "split papers" in his reports. If his wanted intelligence activities centralized:
ling disagree on a' point, he presents his, for the first time in the country's history,'
both sides to the, policy makers;, believing 'He directed formation of the National In-
this to. be more useful than at watered- telligence Authority to plan, develop and,
down compromise version. He brings to. coordinate all the government's foreign in-'
i gather and presents the judgments of in-, telligence operations,
telligence officers in all departments' and Members of the authority assigned per
interprets them for the President and the sonnel and funds from their respective de-
National Security Council: apartments and formed the Central Intelli-
gence Group as an operating component.
All Data Coordinated These two bodies functioned for 21 months,
Another of CIA's important services is a and in September, 1947, they were super-'
concise daily summary dealing with the ceded by the National Security. Council and
,World's trouble spots. It, is prepared for the Central Intelligence Agency. Both were
the President and consists of a few offset- created by the National Security Act of
printed pages, . usually accompanied by a: that year.
Znap, and labeled "Top Secret." It con- f Few Curbs On A ene
fains information you might read in your, g y
paper next day, next week, or possibly. Rear Adm, Sidney W. Souers, IJSNR,
never. was the first head of the central Intelli-
In carrying out these and other duties, gence Group, and was followed by Gen.
the CIA staff coordinates and 'evaluates Hoyt S. Vandenberg, USAF. Rear Adm.
not only its own intelligence but that pro- Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter headed the group
duced by all government branches, includ= at the time of its conversion to the CIA
.ing the military.t It searches out data onIand served until October, 1950. Gen. Walter
the buildup of industry in foreign coun-; Bedell Smith served from that time until
tries, agricultural conditions, economies Mr. Dulles - the first civilian to head the
trends, propaganda techniques and popu- group - took over February 26, 1953.
larity of national leaders. In order for any intelligence operation
;to be effective, it must be powerful and
Constant Vigil Kept it must be secret. To assist the CIA in
? CIA does not duplicate the functions of carrying out its role, the National Security
existing intelligence gathering units of the Act provides that the' agency shall have
access to all intelligence in possession of
armed services and the State De
artment
,
p
Rather it makes use of all these and the government, with certain limitations. It
brings their findings together under one charges the director with responsibility for
root. It is no Gestapo, in that it. has no protecting intelligence sources and agency
police, subpoena or law enforcement pow. methods from "unauthorized disclosure."
.ers. There is a statutory limitation on the The Central Intelligence Agency Act, of
number of retired military officers who can. 1949 permits the director to spend money
fill certain positions, to keep the organize on a voucher certified by him alone, with-
tion civilian in charaeter. out regard to the laws and regulations per.
In explaining why the CIA is important taming to expenditure of other government
and necessary, Mr. Dulles has cited the money. The example is often cited that
example of Pearl Harbor. He has asserted. Mr. Dulles is the only man in government
that if America had had the intelligence who could write a check for $1,000.000 and
machinery in 1941 that it has today, pear: not have to explain what he wanted it for.
Harbor would never have happened. But Accused By McCarthy
then 'there was no organization to pull to.
This is not quite correct, for although
gether all the scattered reports of Japanese q military activity immediately before the at. CIA appropriations are hidden in the budg-
tack. ets of other Federal departments, a special
Today, a constant vigil is maintained and committee of six senators and six repre-
CIA considers as one of its most important sentatives sits with Mr. Dulles and goes
functions the flagging of any critical sitna. over how much he spends and-in general
tions. An Intelligence Advisory Committee terms-for what.
stands ready 24 hours a day to meet and The CIA has been investigated at least
examine any evidence pointing to a crisis, twice, once after Senator McCarthy had
'and to make an immediate report to the charged it was infiltrated by Communists.
President. A Hoover Commission task force headed
by Gen. Mark Clark combed through the
Clues Overlooked agency and found no justification for Mc-
Would CIA spot a Russian attack shaping. Carthy's charges. The commission did
up in time to do any good? Mr. Dulles' make certain recommendations which were
has stated that the machinery is there, and adopted, however, relating to organization
that barring human failure, it would. CIA. and intelligence collection procedures. A
reported Russia's ability to launch Sputnik later bill to create a permanent "watch-
,I a year in advance. Several days before dog committee" over the CIA was de-
-the event it reported a launch attempt was feated in Congress.
two categories: overt and covert. An
imminent. It predicted the anti-Nixon ricks Few Meet Re uirements
in South America,' Khrushchev's rise to 4 overt employee makes no secret that he
power in the Kremlin, the French-British Among the other extraordinary powers works for CIA, but beyond that there is
Suez invasion. _ granted to the CIA chief is the right to ~ little he can say, even to his wife, The
withhold names, titles, salaries and even
the numbers of the agency's employees.
Only a few men in, the top CIA echelons
are known to the public. The director can
also approve entry into the United States
of certain aliens whose continued stay in
their native country would be dangerous.
Acquiring people with the proper back-
ground and motivation to do intelligence ;
work is one of the agency's most difficult '
problems, Mr. Dulles has stated. Out of'
every 1,000 people who apply at the
,agency's personnel office in downtown
Washington, only a handful wind up getting!
jobs. Eighty per cent are screened out
immediately, largely because of insuffi-
cient education or obviously unfavorable
background.
The remaining 20 per cent are turned
over to security officers for investigation.
Some of this group are eliminated because,
in the agency's words, "they drink too
much, talk too much, have relatives be-
hind the Iron Curtain which may make the
applicants subject to foreign pressure."
The CIA asks all its applicants if they
are homosexuals and if they have ever'
done anything for which they could be
blackmailed.
Lie Detector Used
Further investigation drops out another.
4 per cent, mostly individuals who have ,
contacts that render them undesirable for
this highly sensitive agency. The check-
ing usually takes about six weeks for a
young man or woman just out of college;
up to four months for an older person who
has held a number of jobs or traveled
widely.
CIA uses a polygraph, or lie detector: in
checking out its job applicants. No one is
required to take the test, but nearly every-
one does. Continuing security checks are
run on CIA personnel without their knowl-
edge. Security officers make unannounced
inspections of offices after-working hours
to see that all classified papers have been
locked up. Severe penalties await the care-
?Iess.
To create a pool of professional people
on which to draw, CIA regularly sends re-
cruiters out to colleges to talk to potential
:candidates for intelligence work-students
who have demonstrated a high degree of
ability in languages, science, foreign af-
fairs and related subjects. Likes and dis-
likes, personality and extra-curricular ac-
tivities are weighed as heavily as intellect-
ual ability.
Offices In 25 Cities
Prospects are told that their starting
salary probably will not exceed $5,000 a
year unless they are critically-needed spe-
cialists, and that it may never go above
$14,000. If they are still interested, they
are brought to Washington to take a com-
plex series of tests and physical examina-
tions. If these are passed, the security
check is instituted.
Professional employees are divided into
(continued)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/05/07: CIA-RDP67-00318R000100360001-8
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/05/07: CIA-RDP67-00318R000100360001-8
Architect's drawing of CIA's new $46,000,000 building at than 900 feet long and will provide CIA
Langley, Va., due for completion next year. It is more 1,000,000 square feet of space. Site covers
covert worker comes closer to the tra- overseas Rsssgnments
ditional picture of the secret agent. As another incentive, every effort is
This agent may be almost anywhere in .made in CIA to promote from within. There
the world, working or traveling as a sci- is a language training program also.
entist, student, economist, engineer or whereby employees are rewarded for
housewife. Only one job category has been studying a new language in CIA's schools.
revealed as excluded, and that is journal. The more "exotic" the language, the big-
ism. CIA has former newspapermen on ger the reward. By extending his profi.
As staffbut -enrolls no one still working at ciency by after-hours study year after
it, for fear of throwing a shadow over the 'year, the employee can earn a mainte-
entire press. The agency frequently inter- 'finance allowance for it. Eventually, he will
views foreign correspondents returning
probably be assigned to a country where he
from abroad, as well as businessmen and
other travelers, and has offices in 25 cities
for this purpose.
Little can. be said about the long period
of training and the jobs that CIA profes-
sional people do. They can make a per-
manent career in thh intelligence field,
however, under the program brought in
by Mr. Dulles. After three years of work
for the agency, an employee can apply for
career service. A board then reviews his
service and decides whether or not he is
desirable as a lifetime careerist.
Part of this career service is a junior
,officers training program, which an aide
described as the West Point of CIA. It
takes in people with the highest tlualifica-
tions in economics, geopolitics, geophysics
and other important subjects. These men
and women, considered to have the highest
potential for intelligence work, are
(groomed to take over larger and more im-
portant roles within the organization.
can use the language, but overseas as-'
'.signment seldom comes before the third
or fourth year of service.
In addition to producing more capable,
'intelligence people, these programs helpi
keep morale in the CIA at a high level. It
has a small turnover, compared to other
government departments. Specialists are
sometimes attracted by the higher sal.
arie. paid by big industry, but money doer
not appear to be the main hold CIA hs
on its people. Mr. Dulles has said there
are sore working in the agency at a great
sacrifice to themselves.
For a few, the glamour of the service is,
the big attraction. But for many, it is the
knowledge that they are doing Important
work for the country by providing infor-
mation on which its leaders can guide its
future course. For all, there is the hard
fact that the work they do will almost
never be publicly recognized or acclaimed.
Just as CIA's methods and failures must
remain undisclosed, most of the valuable
accomplishments of its people must be kept
secret, too.
?
with over
140 acres.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/05/07: CIA-RDP67-00318R000100360001-8