SITE LAYLOUT AND SECURITY MEASURES AT PLANT 456, KHIMKI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01030R000100350009-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 8, 2013
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: February 9, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
CONFIDENTIAL
50X1-HUM
,tis Document contains information affecting the No-
nni Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18. Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction Of this form is prohibited.
COUNTRY USSR (Moscow Oblast)
SUBJECT Site Layout and Security Measures at
Plant 456, Khinki
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
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9 February 1954
iS
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THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
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Yli
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COUNTRY 2 ,USSR (Moscow
Oblast) . DATE DISTR.
$ 7411.54
SUWECT S Site Layout and Security Measures at Plant NO. OF PAGES 17
456; Khimki
PLACE
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GENERAL
1. When our group arrived at Khimki in October 1946, thebuilding that was
to become Plant 456 was an empty shell. We heard from Soviets that an
airoraft plant which had been evacuated to Tashkent in 1941 had been
looated here. The outside walls of the plant, which were made of stone
about 30 centimeters thick, and a'few internal walls were standing at
that time. By the end of 1946 internal reconstruction was sufficiently
advanced to enable our group to commenoe work, but final construction
of internal walls, (linings, and utilities such as heating, lighting,
and inter-departmental communication was not completed until late in
1948. By the time our group left the USSR in September 1950 the plant
ad grown to the point where I estimate between 3,500 to 4,000 workers
ere employed there.
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2. The roof over the plant is supported by square matonry columns
about'20 centimeters on a side which are spac4d approximately
10 meters apart. I do not have any knowledge of how theie columns-
supported the roof, that is, whAt method of construction was used.
I do not know of what material the roof.is constructedbut I
believe that it is flat over the entire_plant except over the
Design Office 5ee Point 11 on page 6j where inclined skylights
admitted sunlight, and over the former dirigible hangars bilee
Point 21_7where it was rounded. The roof varied in height over
various parts of the plant. For example, although the roof was
generally from 12 to 14 meters high, over the Welding and Sheet
Metal Working Shop, the Design Office, the Museum, the Testing
loom, and the Mechanical Workshop5es Points 8 through 47 the
roof was only from 'seven to eight meters high. At least over the
Design Office the roof was in very poor condition, and leaked so
badly that drawing boards were constantly in danger of being
completely ruined.
5. I have drawn a diagram of the plant to the beet of my memory show-
ing the internal arrangement of departments and shops LiTee page 162.
All units shown are on the ground floor only. However, over the
tool issue booths, the Mechanical Workshop for Development, and
those plant offices adjacent to this workshop See Points 3, 4 and 17
are the main plant administrative offices.. I have also drawn a
diagram of these offices See page 17:7.
4. It will be noted not only in the body of this report but also on
? the diagrams of the plant's internal layout that there are apparently
'duplications of fnnetionboth between administrative offices as well
as--between functional units such as workshops. This is because -
Plant 456 is essentially two plants in one: a development plant
occupyidg,:slightly less than half of the total floor space See'
Points 5 through 47 and a production plant occupying the remainder.
Although ttOpn "plants" have a ,common general director, they are
entirely sepirate organizations and are almost completely independent
Of Soh other. For examples there are separate payroll offices
54;Rol.nts 4 and 0 on pageiolgand there aro separate mechanical
workehops DAG Points 4 and 15 on pagesondg. There is, to be
sure, some overlapping in the assignments of those two organisations,
and,they assist each other when necessary, but as a rule one is
devoted to developmental work and the other to production.
5. The differences in the activities of the two halves of Plant 456
? Mayte explained as follows* The'developmental side of the plant
was charged with -(a) bringing the Soviets up to the level of V-2
development which existed in Germany at the end of the war by
thoroughly:indoctrinating Soviet technicians in the manufacture,
assembly, testing, and operation of all 9-2 combustion chamber and
propulsion components as well. ad the combustion chambers, them- '
selves, (b) increasing the twenty-five-ton thrust Of the V-2 to thirty*
fite.ons thrust, and (o) making drawings for doMbustion chambers
ofone.hundred tons thrust rating. The productionn-eide of the
plait'aleo-had a three-fold assignment. First, I believe that it
was responsible for the production of 9-11e, the asseMbly of which
took place in the.aasemblz area at the western' end of the plant
See Point 18 on page 8-;_/. I am not sure of. this, however;
because this area vas eloped to Germane at the end of1947. Secondly,
the production side of the plant was responsible for making the
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necessary preparations for series production of V-2 combustion
chambers. I do not know what the final results of this work were
because as soon as drawings and testing or assembly equipment for
this purpose were completed, they were removed from the plant,
presumably to the site of series production. Where this may. be
I-oannot'say, but I heard Soviet engineers mention that after
training in the assembly and testing of V-2 combustion chamber.
componenta' at Plant 456 they were to be transferred to Kuybyshev.
Anotherzeason why I believe series production of V-21A tay be
diidet,Way at Kuybyshev is that we heard rumors in mid-1942 that
Our. entire group was to be transferred there later in 1949 or
early 14%1.950. These plans were cancelled by the Aircraft
Ministry for reasons unknown to me. The last activity carried
ont?byrthe .production side of Plant 456 was the manufacture.of
?situ goods for sale on the consumer markets metal bedsteads,
buckets, booking utensiles, etc. I'heatd Soviets state that the
reason for this last type of production is that all plante in the
USSR must- produce some consumer items in order to be able to pay
.their'prOdUction workers. This was eseidently the case at Plant
456 lieoadee while we development workers received our pay directly
Prot the Aircraft Ministry regularly on the third and eighteenth
of every month, production workers often had to wait as long as
five days for their wages, presumably, when sales were slack.
Other Activities Engaged in By Plant 456
6. Plant 456 engaged in no activities knownto me other than those
thentioned in the previous paragraph. I am positive that there
was no aircraft construction at the plant while I was there, and
heard of no plans to convert the plant to any new types of pro-
duction after September 1950 when our group left'the USSR. ,I knew
df--no- inslioations that the plant was to be transferred, either
adtiniettAtively from the Aircraft Ministryior physically from
Khitki, although as mentioned in the previous paragraptothere
wailsoteiindioation that series production bf V-2 propulsion units
Was to' be carried out at Kuybyshev. I did not know of any direct
donnection.between Plants 456 and 88. There may have been liaison
betieen, these plants at high levels., however, because I believe
50-and-75-4on thrust propuleion units were developed at Plant 88,
And, as:mentioned above, Plant 456 was engaged in work on propul-
sion-units of 25 to 35 and 100 tons thrust rating. Ond other
Connection between the two plants was the fact that PUTZE and
SCHWARZ lived for a few months with the Germans employed at Plant
88 until construction of permanent housing for our group wap
? Completed-in Khimki in early 1947. This was because there was not
sufficient temporary housing available in Menshinefs, where the
remainder of our group was housed.
Miteriais. Vasa in Production of V-2 Masts
7, it-Plant 456 we worked only on the propulsion unit of the V-2,
not-the entire missile. As far as I know, the Soviets used
exactly the same metals for SLR propulsion unit cotponents as we
Germans had employed. German valves were made of duraluminum, a
combination of aluminum, copper, zinc, and possibly small amounts
Of other metals. . The exact composition is not known to me, but
this., metal 40 widely used in the aircraft industry. For the
combustion chambers I believe a chrome-nickel steel with the
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Soviet designation 8-15 (Russian: 0-15) was used. This steel is
equivalent to the German steel type ST-37.12, but I do,not know
the exact composition. I have no additional infortation yn the
metals lused in Soviet V-2 propulsion units. I dO tot know the
00ot amount of any metal consumed in the prodnction of any pro-
pulsion unit component.
8. The principal units of Plant 456 are as follows See page 162.
::Point 1
Guard House
This single-story brick building is about ten meters
long by three meters wide. I do not remember what'
type of roof.it has. In addition to the main ?
personnel entrants to the plant which1/2.eadsihrough
this building, the office of the chief of the plant
guards and a warming room for guards not on duty are
here. 1:8-ee paragraphs 10 -2/for a detailed,discitssion
of the security measures in effect at Plant 4562
Potat 2 Road
This road is seven to eight meters wide and is surfaced
with asphalt between the guard house and the plant and
for about 50 meters to each sides Basewhere'outaldeLthe
plant there 'ate paving stones. The road,enter'S the
gent at two points, 2-a and 2-b; the gates shown at
2-c, 2-d, and 2-e were permanently looked, although
they could presumably be opened if necessary or in an
emergency. Within the plant this road is coveted with
oast iron sheets.
Point 3 Tool Issue Area
This area is about 100 by 10 meters and is divided
into a number of booths where various kinds of work-
ing tools may be dtawn such as drill bite, lathe fittings,
oil, reamers, and also hand tools such as electric
drills, hammers, chisel?, etc. These tools were ' ?
principally for the use of workers in the adjacent
workshop. The roof over these booths as well as that
over the adjacent workshop was about four to five
meters high.
pant: 4, Mechanical Workshop for Development' (Msohanische Wefts
sten fuer Entwioklung).
This large workshop, about 80 by 80 meters, is the
principal machine shop serving the requirements of
the developmental side of Plant 456 for machined
parte. Equipment in this workshop consisted of many
types of lathes, milling machines, drill pressed, .
' shapers, grinders, etc. Machined parts were made
:yore for valves, combustion chambers, test equipment,
daerimental jigs, and also special parts for the
'combustion chamber test stands... 23Ye Heport, No. ?
for a description of the 25-ton test stand 50X1
and ether principal points of interest in Khimkij
All of the machine toold and other equipment 4th:tailed
-and used in this workshop as wellies in'the entire
plant had been taken from Germany at the Lend of: Ihe
war. During my entire four years at Plant 4561 do
not remember seeing any. equipment which was newer
than that originally taken from Germany or of. Soviet
manufacture.
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Apooial.Developmental.Departmett (Sonderabteilung
4ntarieklnag)
worked in this depattment from 'Tannery 1947 to
August 1948.. This department is about 80 meters
long by 25 meters wide. The roof of this,depart-
ment is about six to seven meters high, which is the
height of the roof over the entiie central section
of the southern side of the plant, that is, over the
road just outside, the Special Developmental Depart-
ment and continuing to the Other .side-of the Mechanical
Workshop and the Design Office. From January. 1947
until August 1948 we trained Soviet 'technician's in
this department in the assembly, testing& operation,
end'repair of valves, propulsion units; and combustion
chambers. 'These tests involved Only the proper
functioning of the 'mechanical componente and actual
firing tests were carried out at the test stand
outside the plant. We also built test benches, to
test, the operation of valves, pressure redly:iota,
electromagnetic relays, etb0 These teats continued
at'least untilAugust 1948, when we Germans were barred
from this department 'for security reasons Jbecause a
100-ton thrust unit was to be assembled here. I
b44eve this tO be:true because SoWiets mentioned that
suth a unit was to be assembled here, and although the
objdot being.aesembled was concealed by a large piece'
of oentS6 about-five meters long extending from the
floor' to the ceiling; I saw components for the 100-ton
thrust unit which'had been designed by members of our
group'in the Developmental Design OffioelTiee Point
161in page IC delivered heree\
?
. .
Assembly and Testine Bench' for Airdraft Takeoff.Aesist-
Bice Rockets
In the' northwest corner of the Special Developmental ?
Department six tb eight Soviets were engaged in work
on iiicraft takeoff assistance rockets. I do not know
exactly What ? this work consisted of beoauie I was net ,
permitted to observe it closely, but / believe, it
indolved both assembly and testing, possibly of new
components or revised designs. EaOh tooket was from
550 to 600 Millimeters long by about 350 millimetete
in diameter at the widest part of the body, which Was
about one fifth of the way back from the nose. The
nose was blunt, but rounded, and the body of the
roOket resembled a. Venturi tube, tapering gradually '
to about one fifth of the way from the firing end
and flaring somewhat Opp this-point to the end. ?
Raoh/rocketyas conettucted'of four lateral sections
which, were welded, together, the front two of which
were about 100Millimeters:long, the third section
about 150'millimeters long, and the tail Section. ,
about 250 millimeters long. On one side was.
metal bracket for attaching the rocket to an aircraft,
and three tubes, one on.each Of the other three sides,
led from the front section back?to.the stern section '
with connections at each of the intermediate sections.
I do not know what oomponenti were included in the
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assembly of one of these rockets, nor the function
of the parts, for example, the metal tubes which
connect the body sections, tru, the' may :be fgridoollng fluid..
I do not know what fuel these rockets use. I do not
know exactly how heavy one of these rockets is, but
one could be carried by a man with evidently no great
strain, and I estimate that, one weighs from 30 to 40
kilograms. As far as I remember, all body sections
and theitterior tubes were of non-ferrous metal,
but I do not know specifically what metal or alloy.
These rockets were tested on the airfield adjacent;t0...,
Plant 456 on two-engine aircraft and were used either
is takeoff assistance rockets or to give an aircraft
in flight a:sudden. buret of acceleration. I do not
know what type of aircraft was used in these experi-
ments, but they may have been Douglas aircraft, .
because I made heard-this. name mentioned in Connection
with the experiments.
Plaint 7 Offices
There were five or six offices here, each five by five
meters, for the chief of the Mechanical Workshop and
various chief 'engineers, to him such as
the chiefs of the-lathe section, the milling machine
section, etc.
Point 8 Welding and Sheet Metal Working Shgp
This, shop was 40 by 25 meters. Equipment here
included presses, metal cutting equipment, a surface
lable, oxy-aspetylene and arc welding equipment, and
oxygeno'hydrogen and acetylene tanks.
'Point :9 MUileum (25 by 15 meters)
On disillay were a complete V-2 and many component
parte thereof, all of which had been-removed from .
Germany; 'Admittance :to this museum was gained only
by.presenting Written permission from a man's.depart-
ment or shop chief to the chief of the Testing Room.
The museuti was separated from the Testing Room by a
sheet Metal wall.
Testin Jtoom (55 by 25 meteigl(minus area of museum.
as shown
Untilearly 1949 mechanical teats on the operation of
7-.2 components such as valves, turbines, pumps, etc.
were carried On,here. I do not know what work was
performed here after early 1949 because entry to
thiOirea Wed prohibited for Germans 'at this time.
P4A03, pepign Office.(40 by 25 meters)
I worked in this office from 1948 until the German
group was returned to Germany in September 1959
From 18 to 20 drawing boards were set up in this office.
Here we designed test equipment for V-2 component/
as well as modified and improved components .theM-
selves.
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PiliMt 12 Uechanical Workshop (55 by 25 meters)
Machine tools such as lathes, grinders, planers,
drill presses, milling machines etc0 were installed '
bete. Although no Geraans were .employed in this shop,
I learned from Soviets .that equipment designed in
the Design_ Office.was.cenetructed here.
Point 13 Boiler House (30 by 15 meters, flat roof 10 meters high).
Although I was never inside this building, I know that
boilers and generators boated here provided the heat
and the eStric bower for the plant. Heating was
accomplished by hot Air through conduits with outlets.
in every room of the. plant. The entire heating system
had been removed from 'home plant in Germany and was
not made to operate suecessfillly until 'late in 1948.
.During the-linter months' prior to that time we were
forced to work in temperatures as low as 20 below zero
.and although our heavy clothing and particularly our
heavy gloves were a serious hinderance to our work, ?
we were forced to continue work despite repeated
complaints.' ' Machinery, in the plant' operated on 380
..Volts, but the lighting system operated on 220 volte,
cannot judge about the' higher voltage, but the
lighting voltage was fairly steady, with only
infrequent mariatiOns.
Point id Repair Workshop (60 by 25 meters, flat roof seven
meters high).
I was never inside this building and consequently do
not 'know what eqUipment it contained. The chief..
mechanic of the plant and his staff had offices here,
hOwever,.and.they were responsible for maintenance and
repair of all the plant's equipment and facilities
such .as machinery and the heating, lighting, and
plumbing systems. In this building was also the
plant's medical office whiohtkonsisted of two rooms:
a waiting room and a consultation and treatment
room, both About four meters square.' One female doctor
was on duty here to give first aid to any workers
injured' .While atWork. ger equipment inaluded simple
medical. eupplies. Such as stethoscope, bandaging
Materially iodine; splints, etc.
40iit.15 General Mechanical Workshop (Mechanische larkstatt-
allgemein), (100 by 75 meters).
The roof of the plant at this end was from 12 to.14
Meters ligh. .1nasmUch as no intermediate roofing.
had been built over the workshOps and' the assembly
areas here, thie was also the roof over these areas
The Points 1546,18,19 & 297Equipment in this work-
shop -included metal cutters!, presses, Welding equip-
ment, metal shaping and hardening equipmento'and
drills. In addition to some parts for V-2 combuetion
chambers, this workshop also.produced consumer goods
such'as metal buckets,wash pails, scrubbing boards,
cooking utensils such as pots, pans, and dishes and.
also metal bedsteads. The heaviest single piece of
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equipment in this workshop was e, large hydraulic
press which the Soviets had removed from some.plant
in Germany. This press was about five by six meters
at the base and stood at least five meters high. It
was. used for shaping certain V-2 combustion.Ohamber
body components such as the bowl-shaped top. I do
' I
not know the capacity of this press.
.12,0int 16 Assembly Area:- (100 by 25 meters)
This area was separated from the General mechanical
? workshop by only a single-strand chain fenoet Here
V-2 combustion chambers were assembled by Soviets
under German supervision.
?Sint 17 Workshop.
? Sisx by five meters, one floor only, flat roof five
meters high. In this building was'a' workshop where
preparations for the testing of V-2 combustion
chambers (for example, the manufacture of parts for
? the test stand and control booth) were carried out.
This building had a kitchen and an offioe for the
chief of the test stand. The only machine that I
remember inside this workshop was a lathe, and there
was also a long workbench along one side. When the
test stand for the 25- and 35-ton combustion chamber
was completed in late 19479 I believe that this build-
ing became a storehouse, but I.was never.insida.after
this time.
point.18 Assembly Area (100 by 25 meters, sheet metal walls).
In 1947 an assembly line for V-2 combustion chambers
was set up here using German equipment and under
German supervision. ? When completed in late 1947 a
few test piecoe were tun off on it, and then it was
dismantled and removed from the .plant. I do not know
where it was taken, but believe it was transferred. to.
Kuybyshev See paragraphgo After this' time, I '
heard that this assembly area waste be used for the
aseeibly of V-11e, but this is only hearsay, as we
Germans were not permitted to enter this area after
the end of 1947.
point.,3:? General Mechanical Workshop (120 by 120 meter?)(minue
area of electroplating shop).
This workshop was equipped withall the principal types
of machine tools such as lathes, milling machines,
shapers, grinders, drill presses, eta., and also had ?
a large number of workbenches for hand work. / do
.not know. exactly That wkirk was performed here, but.
heard from Soviets that parts for V-11s and. sPeoial
jigs and dies for the rest of the plant were,
.ManUfaetured here.
pkint 20: pectroplating,Shop (L-shaped, 50 meters on long.
side by 30 meters on short side, 15 motets across).
No .6161-mans were employed here, but 'I as inside this
shOp?nuMerous limes. The only equipment. located
here Were electroplating baths and .rinsing tubs.
Valves for the V-2 were plated here to protect theta
from atmospheric molstrire0 do'not know what other.
equipment was plated here from other shops and
departments. .
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Point 21 Two Former Dirigible 'Hangars,
gaoh 160 by 30 meters with roundedlroof 10 to 12
meters high at peak. These hangars were being
used as a storage area for German equipment when we
arrived in Khimki in October 1947. When this
machinery had been removed as Plant 456 was put in
operation, the hangars were left empty. The roofs
were in very poor condition, and sigro were posted at,
the entrances warning of the danger OT collapse.; In
1949 the roofs finally did cave in, and I do not know
if the wreckage was ever removed*
Point 22 Engineering Office
There were possibly as many as 20 offices here,
each about five by five meters, raised above the level
of the adjacent general mechanioal workahop. The
workshop chief had his office here, and the other
offices were ocolipied by his subordinates, that is,
shop foremen, in the mechanical workshop*
ytint 23 Material Storage Arca' (100 by 25 meters).
I do not remember how high the roof is over this
quarter of the plant, that is, whether it is from 12
to 14 meters high, as over most of the rest of the
plant, or whether it is of some other height. In
this area were stored steel beams, metal plates (light
metals such as dural, aluminum, tin), screws, nuts,
bolts, bearings, etc.
POilit 24 Former storage Area,
175 by 120 meters (minus area of material storage area,
dining hall, and materials testing laboratory)*
Until 1949 a great variety of equipment was stored ;
here: aircraft parts (from both aircraft shot down as
well as removed intact from Germany), aircraft
communication equipment, rivets, screws, bolts, nuts,
metal plates, hand tools, machine tools, cable, wire,
etc* From 1949 until we departed Khimki in September
1950 this area was empty and unused.*
Potpt 25 Materials Testing Laboratory (50 by 20 meters)
This laboratory was equipped to perform physical
taata on metals and equipment and was fitted with
hardness testers, tensile testers, impeot testers,
etc.
1040 26 pining Hall,
40,1* 15 meters, with roof about five meters high.
Here alsowere a kitchen where hot dishes were
prepared and a small booth behind it where foods in
ioulk, could be bought. All three meals.were
served in the dining hall for workers who wished
to eat hers*
9. The offices on the second floor of the southeastoorner of the
plant are as follows: See page 17.1
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Point-L Administrative Office (10 by 10 meters)
The roof over this entire floor was from three and
one half to four Meters high.. The rooms were
separated by brick walls about 10 centimeters thick.
Some of these offices existed prior to 1947, but when
the plant was put back in operation they were remodeled.
While I was at Plant 456 this office was occupied by
WITTKA?who was in charge of the developmental design
office just outside his office. In this office
were a desk, a table, numerous chairs, a bookcase and
a metal safe, all of which had been removed from some
plant in Germany. I do not know any details of the
safe nor what was kept in it.
Point 2 Administrative Office (10 by 10 meters)
This office was also equipped with general office
furniture: a desk, numerous chairs, a bookease, and a
metal floor safe. This office was occupied by LIST,
assistant to WITTKA.
Point 3 Supply Room (10 by 8 meters) '
In this room were stored working materials for use in
the design office such as various types of drawing
paper, pencils, pens, triangles, scales, and other
drafting equipment..
Point 4 Payroll Office (10 by 8 meters)
In this office the payroll records for the develop-
ment workers at Plant 456 were'kept. I came here
twice a month to pick up my wages. Seven or eight
Soviet women were employed here under the supervision
of the head disbursement official, who was a man.
Point 5. Administrative Office (10 by 8 meters)
This office belonged to the production side of Plant
456 and I was never inside it. I heard from Soviets,
however, that production schedules were drawn up here.
'Point 6 Stairs From Ground Floor
This is the only part of the plant where there
is more than one floor.
Point-7 administrative Office (20 by 10 meters)
This office also belonged to the production' side of
the plant, and I was never inside it, but I believe
that it was a commercial office which, handled the
sales of the consumer goods which the plant produced.
POint'S Administrative Office
L-shaped, 20 meters on long side, 15 meters on short
side. .1 believe that this is the' bookkeeping office
for the production department which handles the
payroll records for this department as well ae.other
.commercial dealings such as procurement of raw
materials.
!bit:It 9 Administrative Office (12 by 10 meters)
I do not know what the functions of this office were
because it also' belonged to the production department,
but I believe that it was engaged in commercial and
financial correspondence.
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Point 10 Administrative Office (20 by 10 meters
Just inside the door of this office was a large
conference table seating at least 20 persons.
At the end of the room furthest from the door sat
GLUSKKO, who was chief of the development depart-
ment of Plant 456. His location mahe it possible
for him to scrutinize anyone walking the length of
the room to talk to him, which made visitors extremely
uncomfortable. GLUShKOls secretary also sat in this
office.
Point 11 Administrative Office (15 by 10 meters)
I do not know the exact function of this office, but
it had something to do with plant supplies. I know
this because it was here that we Germans presented
a request to purchase from plant stocks some dural
sheets to build paddle boats.
Point 12. Administrative Office (15 by 8 meters)
The chief engineer of the production department had
his office here.
.Point 13 Administrative Office and Conference. Room (30 by.10 m.)
A huge conference table took up two thirds of this .
room and at the other end furthest from the door wad
the desk of PLASKINI, General Director of Plant 456.
In addition to PLASKIN/is desk and the conference
table, which would seat at least 50 persons, were a
large number of chairs, bookcases, and sofas, and
many Communist slogans and pictures on the walls.
I was in this office two or three times to register
complaints. The first complaint was against being
quartered in a house in the German settlement with
three. other men who did not have families with them
in the USSR. The other complaint was against the
delay in arranging for my family to be brought to
? the USSR. I leaned later that PLASKINI had
deliberately killed all such requests from the four
of us so that the houses made free by our enforced
doubling up could remain occupied by Soviets.
Point- 14 Administrative.Office (15 by 10 meters)
In this .office were two secretaries, possibly for
? PLASKINI and for the chief engineer of the prOduc-
tion department. ?
'Point 15 Waiting Room,
irregularly shaped as shown, 20 by 20 meters in
main body of isom. As shown on my sketch, the last
seven adminiatrative offices described above See
Points 8 through 1A7 open off thia.waiting room.
Tbis room was equipped with many chairs, sofas, and
reading tables where the latest Communist propaganda
leaflets and booklets could be found.. The walls were
solidly:dedorated with Communist propaganda, posters,
and slogans in addition to plant propaganda (graphs
of production rises, lists of awarda, etc.). ,
?
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Point 16 Design Office (75 by 30 meters)
liere were at least 50 drawing boards and desks, where
both developmental and, production drawings were made.
Prior to 1948 some members of our group working here
were assigned to design a combustion chamber of 100
ton thrust rating. After 1948 Germans were no longer
permitted to enter here, and I do not know what assign-
ments were worked on after this date.
Point 17 Filing Room (50 by 10 meters)
In this room all drawings from the drafting room just
outside were kept on file in metal filing cabinets.
Three or four Soviets were employed here. The front
fourth of the room is separated from the rest of the
roomeyawooden gate in front of which persons wishing to
be issued a drawing from the files waited.
SECURITY MEASURES IN EFFECT AT PLANT 456
10. Every worker at Plant 456 was issued a plant pass which was picked
up by the worker each morning at the guard house in front of the
plant. A worker would state his pass number and would be given
the pass. Immediately behind the guard post stood a uniformed
guard armed with a machine pistol to whom the passes would. be
shown. For those workers whom the guard knew, a glance at the pass
would be sufficient, and the workers would be allowed to enter the
plant, but for 'a new worker or someone whom the guard did not
readily recognize, the photograph on the pass would be carefully
compared with the bearer's face before such a person would be
allowed to pass by. To the best of my knowledge, all workers were
issued the same type of pass. It contained a photograph of the
worker, his signature, the year for which the pass was good, and
six to eight blank squares where special figures (a cross, a
diamond, a cirole, etc.) were stamped which permitted the bearer
to enter the authorized department or departments of the plant.
With the exception of the men employed at the teat stand outside
the plant, no one was permitted to take his plant pass away from
the plant, but was required to surrender it at the guard house.
11. Plant passes were issued in January of each year and were good
for one calendar year, with automatic renewal in January of the
next year.
12. Although Plant 456 was occasionally visited by representatives of
the Aircraft Ministry, I do not know what arrangement exists at
the plant to extend visitor's passes to such persons. I never.
saw a visitor's pass.
13. I 4o not know what procedure is followed if a worker forgets
or loses his pass because I do not remember this ever having
happened. This is made almost impossible by the requirement
that workers must leave their passes at the guard house when
leaving the plant.
14. To the best of my memory, new passes are issued ty the guard
house, but I do not know what administrative section of the
plant, if any, controls this system. I say "if any" because all
the security measures in effect at Plant 456 may be Under the
control of the MVD or some other military organization. I
belitev4e this to be true because all the guards at the plant were
soldieys, and I believe that the chief guard was directly
reeponeible to.an MVD officer,
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15. .The worker's pass is not used outside Plant 456 because, as
mentioned above, a worker must surrender his pass on leaving
the plant.
16. Spot searches of Soviet workers were conducted?every day at the
close of work. However, the Soviet guards hardly glanced at us
Germans as we left the plant. We took advantage of this laxity
and suocessfully smuggled many things out of the plant such as
wire, nails, screws, hand tools, and an electric drill. We even
succeeded in stealing a small outboard motor by dismantling it
and sm4ggling it out of the plant in pieces. When reassembled we
used it quite openly on the Khisokah River, and never once did a
SoViet think to inquire where we had obtained it.
17. Workers did not wear any identification tags while working when
I was at Plant 456; we kept our plant passes in our pockets.
18. I do-not know what procedure is followed for applying to work at
Plant.456 because, of course, our group was involuntarily
conscripted for work there, and I never learned of the Soviet
procedures from the Soviets with whom I worked. The personnel
--after is located in a wooden building, outside the plant, on the
other' side of the road which leads from Khimki past the plant to
the test etends. I was in this building about once every month
to attend required political lectures. I do not know who the
personnel director Of Plant 456 is, but I believe that he was an ?
officer of the MVD at the time that I was there See paragraph 2i7.
I do?not have any knowledge of personnel interviemor of the
application forms because I never saw any for Soviets. However,
'I presume that Soviet workers were reouired to fill out applica-
tion-forms similar to those which we germane filled out on arrival
in the USSR in October 1946 and which covered a person's family,
military; experience, employment, and political background.
19. I have no knowledge of any seourity investigations of applicants
for work at Plant 456. I believe, however, that such investi-
gations could be done very easily because everyone in the USSR
in/ under constant observation, and the MVD can quickly verify a
person's answers to questionnaires.
20. There were at least 20 to 25 guard posts inoludins-thore along She
feace:Suriounding-the.41inti"Within the plant guardslwere posted at
the:del:ifs1C ifioaa bindings -which only-authoriked persehe could en.
tok4, such as the, Design Office where I was employed, the Special
Developmental impartment and Testing Room. There were also
guards postbd at the test stand. Guard shifts were two hours
long. During the day guards were armed with only pistols but at
night they also carried carbines. The guard at the main gate
was armed with a machine pistol. These guards, of both mow,
generally ranged in age from 20 to 30 and wore uniforms similar
to' those fthe Soviet Army but with no insignia that I remember,
21. The chief' guard was responeible to the personnel director, who
was.an officer of the MVD. We learned this when me.left 4heipp
because the personnel director, who had previously always mem
civilian. clothes, appeared in the uniform of a major in the XVD
to act at transportation officer, evidently requiring,thp
immediate authority the uniform gave him to expedite our. departure.
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His uniform was similar to
but with green trim on.the
of the guards stationed at
measures in effect at this
guard,
that of a major in the Soviet Army,
lapels of the coat and the cap. All
Plant 456 and the physical security
plant were controlled by the chief
22, Not only were there informers among the Soviet employees of Plant
456, but there were also several informers in our group of
German specialists. In effect every Communist is continually on
the art to detect signs of discontent among the people with whom
-he (or she) associates, and becomes an informer if something is
heard or seen counter to Communist doctrine.
23. Around Plant 456 and the storage areas immediately adjacent to
it was a fence at least two meters high topped with barbed wire
inclined outward. This fence was constructed of timbers about 30
millimstersthick which were nailed to horizontal bars for solidity.
I do not know how deep in the ground the fence timbers are sunk.
This fence is broken by gates at only six placess at the main
gate of the plant, at the plant garages, at two points to admit
vehicles, and at two points to allow the railroadasp:1r line to
ross the storage area outside the plant. /See Report No.
for a description of the area surrounding Plant 456 and
source's memory sketch of this area] All of these gates were
guarded by armed sentries 24 hours every day. In addition, there
were about 12 guard towers at various points along the fence,
each four to five meters high with at least one armed guard
stationed in each one 24 hours every day. These towers were each
equipped with at least two searchlights which were used to
illuminate the fence in both directions from each tower at night.
I believe police dogs were used on night patrols but I do not '
know how many were used per sentry nor how many guards patrol
together. Once I worked in the plant until about 11:30 or 12:00
p.m and noticed that guards were maintained within the plant
at night also. (Some parts of the plant worked three shifts.) I
do not remember exactly, but I do not believe that all windows
of all departments were barred. However, the windows on the
Special Developmental Department were barred with steel bars about
15 ?to 20 millimeters thick which were bolted into the wall of the
plant. The bars were from 10 to 12 centimeters apart. I do not
have any information on any alarm systems in Plant 456. The only
Aslafes I remember at Plant 456 were in the office of the general
director and in the offices of the chief and deputy chief of the
Divelopmental Design Office 5ee Points 13, ',and 2 on pageslland417
These-were not actually safes, but more properly bar cabinets ?
which were locked with a padlock. On holidays all offices in the
plant were sealed by the chief of the guards with a lead seal.
These seals would be broken by him personally on the next working
day. The design office where I was employed from mid-1948 until
September 1950 was locked at -the end of the working day and at
noon when no one was inside, and the key would be left at the
guard office. Drawing boards were always covered with large
.sheeits of paper When not in use, but I believe this was more a
prbtective measure against dust and dirt than a physical security
measure.- I have no knowledge of security checks at night but
occasionally drawing equipment would be missing. We never
learned who stole this equipment, that is, whether it could have
been guards, security inspection teams, or simply Soviet co-
workers in the design office. We never saw this equipment again.
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24.. All of.the influential posts in the plant from plant director
down to leaders of working groups were filled by Communists. As
a r *suit,. it was they who determined production and personnel
policies within the plant, taking the gross production quotas
assigned to the plant by the ministry and working from there.
Within.a given working group I do not believe that members of
the Communist Party had a great influence over non-members, but
they were always the drivers in a group, those who strove
continually for ever higher production, because they knew that
it was they who nould receive promotions and bonuses for out-
standing performance.
25. In-the Special Developmental Department all papers were looked in
a desk at night. Cleaning personnel were admitted only during
working hours, and although they could see generally what we
were working on, I doubt whether they could understand anything
of what they saw. It was officially forbidden to take any papers
or working materials from the plant, and anyone caught doing
this would be arrested on the spot for stealing people's property.
Nevertheless, as mentioned above Barograph 4./ we Germans
succeeded in smuggling numerous working tools out of the plant.
26. Secret papers were each classified "Secret" by a blue stamp about
three centimeters long. Drawings were classified with the blue
stamp just above the descriptive material, and all written pages
received the stamp in the upper right-hand corner. I do not know
of Any classifications other than secret because all the papers
we:worked on were of this classification.
27, An individual's work was identified by his name written in Russian
in the correct box on'the drawing of sketch on which he had
worked. No seals, initials, numbers, or other methods of
identification were used except for the last name' of the individual
concerned. Each individual wrote his own name personally. I do
not'have any knowledge on how an individual's work is identified
on a piece of written material such as a set of operating
instructions for a certain machine.
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