DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRING RANGE, SNIP, KRASNOARMEYSK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01030R000100350005-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 8, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: May 6, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
CONFIDENTIAL
50X1-HUM
This Document contains information affecting the No-
Urinal Defense of the United States, within the mem:L-
ing of Title Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
bylaw. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
COUNTRY USSR (Moscow Oblast)
SUBJECT
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
Description of the Firing Range,
SNIP, Krasnoarmeysk
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
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6 May 1954
18 50X1-HUM
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THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
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STATE
ibx
ARMY,v,
NAVY
AIR
CONFIDEN'FI.AL
FBI
AEC
Note: Washington Distribution Indicated Ily "X"; Field Distribution ey "*".)
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COUNTRY ';e USSR v(Moseow Oblast)
-SUBJECT # Description of the Firing Range
Krasnoarmeysk
PlArE .
ACQUIRED :
DATE
ACQUIRED
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DATE rASTR..2,4PR. 5 41
NO. OF PAGES 17
NO. OF ENCLS:
(LISTED BELOW)
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. SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO. .
DATE OF INFORMATION
.THISISUNEVALUATEDINFORMATION
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Page
Introduction .. . . . ? ? ? ? .
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FanCtion of Range 0 .., . . . . . . . .
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Activity of My Group on Range
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Modification. of Missile Test Stand
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Construction of Launcher
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Tests of A3B8-220 Missile . . . , .
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Tests of ABRS-240 Missile . ? 4 4 ?
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Shaped Charge Tests . . . . . . .
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Soviet-Conducted Tests on Range . . .
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Description of Range . ? ? ? o V ? ?
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Impact Area . . ?
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Emplacement Area . . . . . . . . .
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Soviet Plana for Additional Test Stands.
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INTRODUCTION
1. The firing range SNIP or Sofrino Experimental Firing Range was
located in Kraenearmeyek and was popularly known. as "POl*gosel.
flhonetic spellings Sofrintskiy Nauchnyy Ispedelniy Tolygog.
The installation, from 1946 until at least June 1952, was headed.
by Colonel /VANOV, and I believe it was subordinate to the Armament
Department of the All-Union pinistry of Agricultural Machine[puili-
ins (11.8:Mh.1G) because general ZAKESHITZI1 occasionally *Allied
the SNIP: range and becaupe the railroad freight caro used tY the
range vete marked sSOINNSKW. !tem the time of our arrival in
November 1946 until Mid-1947 this installation supervised the ac-
tivity of 0-3 in Krasnoaimeysk. Until, 194$ the headqUisteil of
the range (which was physical* located in the residential area
of Krainearmeysk) also parched all the ordinary 00=1"14; ft"-
tions, such as postal, registration, and health services for the
area.. 'In 1948 this.reeidential area Maa in^Anunated as the '
township of Krasi,oarmeyek Liee.Reportl r and thereafter
SNIP functioned clay as a firing range.
Acoording to statements made by Soviet?, the firing ramie had
been heavily in use during the war years. After World War. It the
activity on the range virtually reached a standstill and it WAS
said that plans had been made to disband and dismantle the range;
one reason allegedly offered wan that the terrace was not'euffio-
Jenny wide or long for tests with latest weapon.. The equip-
ment was therefore to be transferred to a larger range.. It was
during this.period of inactivity that the German opscialiste ar-
rived in KrainoarmeyskL and only rarely did we hear firing per-
formed there. :After our arrival the facilities and the:personnel
of the range gradually increased from approximate* onelvandred
Soviets to approximately six hundred, counting not only the
personnel working in the headquarters, the emplacement area, but
also those who serviced the various instillations distributed
over the range site.
, FUNCTION OF RANGE
3. I am not certain of its primary function, but I.believe.it was
concerned with munition esleptance tests because, of the frequent
arrival of crates filled with shells via the small gauge rail
line 'from Boffins). / also believe the rangy conducted tests of
gun barrels because I. heard many eeriest of virtually uninter-
rupted fire (amounting often to 30 rounds) which were. especially
strong during the years 1950 and 1951. At various fleet ,through-
out My stir in Krasnoarmeysk I saw guns passing through. the town
in the direction of the range. I can no longer give the dates,
but I remember seeing the following vase 15-cm. field guns,
20-cm. howitzers, heavy mortar of approximately 15 cm.. caliber,
and s truck carrying multiple launching guides (Katyushl) pre-
sumably for rockets. Once I saw an AS gun on a truth. heading
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for SNIP. There was never a stream of guns heading for the range,
but at irregular intervals a single gun (mostly self-propelled)
mould arrive. In addition to the guns cited, missiles were also
tested. Throughout the years 1946 to 1952 tests were often car-
ried out at night and would last for periods of four to six hours.
Judging from the equipment available on the range, I believe that
the tests with the guns cited above were confined to speed assents-
mente.
4. Some missiles designed at the Design Bureau No. 3 were also tested
at SNIP. Tests carried out by my section were confined to the year
1947 and ear161948. Thereafter, my group utilized the firing range
of KB-3. On the whole missile tests of my group were restricted to
range measurements and ground dispersion patterns. The range was
not suited for outer ballistic tests such as dispersion or trajec-
tory measurements? because/ the expanse was not sufficient and,
(b) because the necessary instruments were not available. Only on
very few occasiova were tests made using a rigidly installed eine-
theodolite. A German einetheodolite (Aakania) was stored in one of
the laboratories of KB-3; however, it wee never utilized on the
SNIP range.
ACTIVITY OP MY GROUP ON THE SNIP RANGE
5. xy knowledge of the facilities and activities on the SNIP range
atoms primarily from my presenue during tests made there in 1947
and 1948; however, some of the observations pertaining to Soviet
equipment and tests at SNIP, especially after 1948, are based on
evidence seen or heard when passing in the vicinity of the
barbed wire enclosure. During the year 1947 and in the beginning
of 1948 I repeatedly had recourse to the SNIP range since the
KB-3 range was not as yet sufficiently equipped. The utilisation
of the range involved considerable formalities. For one thing it
was necessary to request the use of the range at least one day in
advance; then a complete test schedule had to be submitted out-
lining each individual procedure during the test since the teats
were not actually carried out by the German specialists but by
Soviet employees of the SNIP range. Reports of the firing tests
were made by the Soviet liaison officer between SNIP and KB-3.
The liaison officer was usually a member of the Fourth Designing
Section of KB-3 gee Report . The German witnesses
to the tests were escorted on the day of the test to the SNIP
range by a Soviet from the Fourth Designing Section. At the en-
trance to the SNIP range they surrendered thei- KB-3 identifica-
tion cards and were issued visitor ID cards for SNIP, which,
however, were held by the Soviet guide. The Germane were then
led to the actual testing area. The tests which my group car-
ried out on the range were primarily confined to experiments
with the ABRS 220 and ABRS 240 missiles. Below appears a chron-
ological description of my activity on the SNIP ranee.
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Modification of &sidle Test Stand
6. Our first contact with the SNIP range occurred when my group was
requested to inspect the missile test stand available on the range.
We had planned to utilize this combustionmchamber test stand for
our design work at KB-3. ghe test stand is shown on the attached
sketch, page 17 as points 23; 24, 25, and 262 I discovered that
the test stand had, obviously not been used'for several years since
most of the equipment was corroded and Many parte dismantled. Our
first jobttherefore, was to put the?test Stand into working con-
dition. Having serviced the unit, we were able la conduct pressure
tests'and combustion tests in relation to combustion period.
Constructioi of .Launching Guide
While work was ,carried out on the test stand, my group began de-
sign, and cOnstruction work on a launcher to be used in the firing
tests of the AMPS 220 and ANIS 240. FTOM earlier days a launching
deVice was available on the range. This equipment consisted of a
guide channel of between 10 and 15 meters, whose elevation could
be adjusted.
Testa of the ABBS 220 Missile
8e Having completed the new launcher, 5hown as point 20 en the.
sketch on page 17_7we began our tests with ABRO 220 tiring the
beginning of 1947.' In my presence approximately 40 to. 50 ABIZS 220
missiles were fired, but I believe that many more were fired in my
absence. The earlieetmodels were built outside of Dowign Bureau
No. 3, but after the completion of the experimental work shops at
KB-3, approximately 100 ADDS 220 missiles were constructed there.
The folloling experiments were carried out;;
a. Testing of the Flight Stability - for this pur-
pose we occasionally made use of a portable
miniature motion picture camera to photograph
the trajectory. However, most often we had to
rely on visual observation.
b. Impact Points - These were determined for vari-
ous ranges. First we fired at relatively short
distance., and when we found that the missile
was stable in flight, we increased tha range in
order to determine the actual dispersion of the
rocket. We determined this on the basis of the
ground dispersion patterns.
o. Spoiler Strip Tests - We performed several tents
using spoiler strips and offset jets. Also sev-
eral missiles whose main nozzles had been re-
machined were tested, because during the first
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tests very gross errors were discerned in the
missile manufacture. The re-tooling, however,
led to a weakening of the walls so that some
of the re-machined missiles exploded during
the tests.
d. Other testp - We once fired an ABRS 220 through
a wire fraie, 10 m. x 10 m., in order to deter-
mine the deviation of the trajeetsr.F from the
theoretically calculated trajectory. Speed tests
could not be carried out with the ABBS 200.
Results of.the ABRS 220 Tests
9. The over-all result of the tests was that approximd.tely 20 per cent
of the tested missiles were stray shots. However, the paths of
these stray shots were such that it. was unquestionably due to the
destruction of air, combustion chamber in flight, which in turn wee
due to the re-macLining that was.performed on. several poorly con-
structed missiles. On the other hand, the projectiles that did not
show any gross manufacturing errors presented an extremely good
target pattern. My general opinion is that if the poorly construc-
ted missiles had been discounted, the accuracy which we had theoret-
ically determined would have been aohieved'and even surpassed. The
Soviet attitude, however, was characteristic. They refused to
evaluate the tests as a whole and instead kept referring to the
stray shots. The chief of KB-3, who had witnessed sone of the tests,
expressed dismay and declared that the "competing instituter had
not encountered strays. ghe "competing institute" most likely re-
ferred tea Soviet institute located in the vicinity or the Yr-
oelavskiy Railroad Station in Moscow. See Report
was asked by the chief of KB-3 whether I could give in writing
a guarantee that no strays would be encountered in a new series of
tests using. missiles in which the manufacturing tolerances were
more carefully observed. I gave this guarantee' and was told by
the chief that he would ask for additional funds in order to re-
peat the tests with the ABRS 220. I later learned that these
.funds .had been refused and also learned from tie chief that the
KB-3 version of the ABRS 220 had been rejected in favor of a
Soviet-developed design, but I can give no details.
Teets of .the ABRS 240 ("Molnva") Missile
10. Prior to the test firing of the "Wave we made uee.of the test
stand (point 24). Sage 10; during 1947 we conducted ceveral
combustion chamber tests under normal conditions and thc, with
.extreme variations in the propellant temperature. The purpose
of the test was to determine the optimum cross section for the
Soviet powder sticks.' We also made several stationary tests of
the combustion chamber in order to test various chamber parts,
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such as the cross-section of the nozzle and the positioning and
configuration of the propellant. We discovered that the pressure
for the "Nolnya" chamber had to be higher than required in the
earlier German constructions. The reason for this was that the
Soviet propellant bad a higher critical pressure point and a
steeper pressure gradient since the Soviet powder grains were
apparently more sensitive to-heat than the German powder.
11. By the middle or end of 1947 three missiles had been constructed
in KB-3, and on the basis of these three the over-all function
of the missile was to be tested. I pointed out td the Soviets
that it was hardly feasible to determine the performance of the
missile on the basis of three projectiles and further that var-
ious independent sections required testing first. The Soviets,
however, were not to be deterred and insisted on comprehensive
tests. This insistence was most likely due to their skepticism
regarding the ejection process (release of the "minen"); they
seemed to. have fe"..; that the ejection process would effect in-
tolerable interferences with the trajectory of the missile and
that we could not obtain any half-way sensible hit patterns.
Ths three missiles were fired at an elevation of approximately
15 . The flight was visually observed although it is possible
that motion pictures were taken. The purpose of the test was
to determines
a. whether the whole missile is stable in flight;
b. whether the "ejection process" functions properly;
c. the behavior of the ejected 'minen" (projectiles).
Test Results of the ABU 240
12. Of the three missiles fired, two missiles conclusively valid-
ated our design. Only the third missile did not eject the
"minen" (projectiles) and this wan duo to a failure of.the
pyrotechnical fuse. The Soviets had been more careful in the
construction of these missile models even though they
had made some changes. For examplo,. our design called for the
use of leather in parts of the ejection mechanism; instead the
construction workshops of ICS-3 had used a piston of cardboard.
Nevertheless, the ejection process functioned satisfactorily.
OblastShigalls_c WitesiseLts
13. The teats with "Nolnya" were sompleted by the end. a 1947 and
I did not return to the SNIP range until the middle of 1948
when I conducted a number of shaped charge tests there. Within
the impact area of the range (not shown on the sketch) and ap-
proximately 2 km. from the firing emplacements were located
several armored plates having a thickness of up to 200 ram; The
thickset plates were approximately 1 m. equare, while the others
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were somewhat larger. Upon these plates I conducted a number of
penetration effect tests with shaped charges. This was the last
occasion I had for making use of the SNIP range.
SOVIET-CONDUCTED TESTS OBSERVED ON THE BARGE
14. During 1947, while I was conducting one of my tests on the SNIP
range, I saw a small heavy-caliber machine gun being tested in the
area,shown between points 16 and 17 of my sketch Sage 17g. The
weapon was apparently meant for installation in an aircraft and
was equipped with a pneumatic control. When the unit was fired we
_could hear the discharge of air from the control. cylinder. There
followed a fairly long fire period (approximately 10 to 15 rounds)
at the end of which could be heard a cracking sound and again the
discharge of air. -
15. During 1949, after I no longer had access to the SNIP range,./
observed that artillery projectiles with rocket boosters were
fired on the range. Details are not known to meloccause I ob-
served the firings from a distance and only fleetingly. I noted,
however, that shortly after the projectile left the muzzle a rocket
was ignited. The combustion period of this booster was roughly
three-quarters of a second. I conjecture that the caliber of the
projectile was 10 cm., since these were the guns most often soon
on the range or passing through Krasnoarmeyskr on. the way to the
range. Also during the year 1949, I observed that a very heavy
mortar, with a caliber of approximately 20 cm. and a gigantic
base plate, was being tested.
16. In addition to the "normal" artillery testing activity, missiles
were also fired on the range. I did not see such tests but base
my belief on the sounds I heard; these tests took place during
1948 and 1949. The combustion period of these missiles war some-
where around one seoond to one and one-half seconds. After this
period no more missiles were tested here.
17. During the summer of 1949 or 1950 I also observed engine-propelled
aircraft over the SNIP range. I believe that these planes were
conducting approach or navigation tests. X did not observe any
target firing; details are not known to me.
Possible Tests with "Schmetterling"
18. Several times during 1947, again during 1948, and perhaps once
during 1949, I saw Lt. Col.RASHICOV at the SNIP firing range. I
net Lt. Col.RASHKOT while I was at GNU, Berlin, and I know that
hie specialty was the "Sohmetterling" missile and also to a small
extent the "Rheintoohter".- In light of this / believe that his
testing activity on the SNIP range dealt with "Schmetterling", but
I do not know any details. Since flight tests for ballistics an-
alysis could not be carried out on the range, I suspect that if
tests with "Schmetterling" were conducted, they dealt with the pro-
pulsion unit. .
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Emplacement Area : ?
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23. The emplacement area ef-the? WN/P firing range is located immedi-
ately on the'outskirta of Rrasnoarmiyak and I'hava prepared a eel -
ory ske4ch of the area0 glee page 17 which conslitutea alrenlarge-
ement Of point's 17 through 22 ehowaiin the area sketch in Report.
7 The firing emplacements mcfre eurrouided bye double 50X1
barbed Wire fence was patrolleS-around the clock brOoviet
? militaiy personnel. Below appears brief.desciiptioni.ofihe.points
?ehiiwis on my sketch:
( hidint 1 0Fence
Double-strand baibe? d-wire fence. approximately
? ?.
three meters highislirounding the entire ea-
.
' placement area. It is possible' that this fence
? has boo been extended to enclose the, entire fir-
ing-range of RRIP., ,i?
?
?? T
?.
Point 2 Entrance Gate
Steeligate for truck traffic.
Point 3 Street
0
Leading to Finnish hut settlement and tk- alA
? bridge over the Vorya River 2747ee'Report
Point 4 Street
0
Leading to headquarters building in,Krasnoareeysk.
Point 5 Ga_sildin .4 0
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, . .
L-shaped wooden building with a 10 - 12 m. frontage,
?used by guards. 'The passes permitting access to
the. range were issued here; 10 to.12.4ersons of
whom a few. were in -uniform were on .duty in this
building at any given time.
LIME
Single-story brick structure, 20-25 m. x 10-12 a.,
having a height of approximately 7 a., probably
built during the last atages of World ler II. /
believe that heavy weapons which were tested on
the range Were repaired or altered in. this,building.
The .hangar. was equippM.with an o'Verhead.crarie.
?
Point 7 Raating Plant
,
A-siMple wooden structure probably built during :.the
laat.ear but now dilapidated. A 'toner locomotive
boiler that had been, converted was fireil,with loge.
?
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Point 8 Scrap Neap
Scrap plied at this place was periodically re-
moved by the small gauge freight trains.
Paint 9 Explpsive Fillingtitation
Single-story building, 30 m. x 10-12 m., whose
floor rested approximately 1 m. .above the ground
level. I believe that ammunition tested on' the
range was filled in this building, which was
equipped with a few iron assembly tables and
standard tools. The first models Of the ABRS 220
were assembled.here. The individual parts had
beenconstructed-in factories outside of the
Krasnoarmeysk area. I.was present.during-the
assembly of the missile which included the load-
ins of the propellant charges and the fuse. Ex-
plosives were not stored here but :in another
building, point 11.
Point 10 Munitions StoraaiLlt
Munitions were stored in the open in orates,
mostly 75 cm. x 75 cm. x 150 cm., in size, al-
though there were larger and smaller crates.
The Orates were either unpainted or green, and
' were surrounded by a barbed wire fence.
Point 11 Munitions Storage Building
. Single-story stone building finished in white
stucco, 25 m. x 8-10 in., whose floor was 1 to
1.5 m. above the ground level. The building
was divided into small chambers each equipped
with small window openings. Only munitions
)about to be tested were stored in this build-
ing and this munition was pre-treated to the
required temperature. The standard tempera-
ture for the explosive was 10 C. Later (by
?the end of 1947) the requirements were changed,
and tear were carried out between the extremes
of t
.POint''12 Munition Storage Building
Similar.structure-and purpose as point ii above.
Point 13, Office of the FillincEngineer
Single-story wooden building.
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bias tilling Station
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Two wooden buildings in Shich try run warhead,'
were filled with vacate sulphur hiving the masts
weight as the life-maw.
hint 15 Projestive:1411
The wall villa lined the entire length of the
firing.ciaplaoements had a length of approxi-
mately 120 a., a height of 3.5 ie.', and i width
of .50 a. Stew stall gaps existod In the.wall
to permit approach to the emplacements': Along
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the Till and on .the tide facing the gun moults
(point,17),were five casemate-like prejections
for Purposes of observation. These projeotionr
worm:above the ground and had small openings
fc igtry.
Point 16 Meteorological Tower (See also Detail oa
same sketch.)
steel latticed tower 30' a. high havin?
bass approxiaately 2.5 a. equate. On top of
this tower is an anenometer used for finding
wind speed and direction; and whica is toots-
sible by oceans of an iron ladder. A platform
was provided on the t3p of the tower for spec.-
lel measnrosents: Pilot ballonpS were raised
at the tower eaoh day at regular intervals,
and weather data gathered by the anenoaster
and pilot balloons were meet likely transmit-
ted to a centralised asteorological citation.
I do not know whether special teloccomaunicia-
tion equipment wan available for the trans-
mission of this information.
Poin? 17 Sun Bictilgoemente
A strip of concrete was located in frout of
the wall (point 15) at s distance of approxi-
aately 15 m.i on this concrete ttrip five
guns could be aounted for firing.
!Vint 10 Steel Pylons
Two latticed steel portal, for the tutips. ?
mion of either Le Boulanger trues or induc-
tion coil channels. the elevation of the '
frames was adjustable. The induction spools
were need for the detaraination of extreme
ranges. The sumpention system S. Oat in
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Detail b on the same sketch. The height of
the pylons was approximately 20 m. and the
distance between them, 3 m. The length of
the spool (induction) was approximately 4 m.
The spool channel was a latticed arrangement;
on each of its two interfaces a coil was at-
tached. The magnetized shell when passing
between the two coils set off an induction
which was registered on an oscillograph,
which permitted the determination of the in-
etantanious and muzzle speeds. I believe
that the oscillograph was located in one of
the buildings shown as point 22. Two as-
semblies were used during tests. One frame
assembly was mounted approximately 100 me-
ters in front of the muzzle of the test
gun and the other was placed at a asepter
by unidentified distance from the gun.
Point 19 Steel Portals
Similar to point 18, used for the suspension
of either Le Boulanger frame or a coil channel.
Point 20 Launching; Scaffildd
This launcher was used for mis3tle test
firings performed by my group. Yor our
teats we used a launching guide having a
length of only 8 meters (approximate).
The unit consisted of two steel portals
which were 'similar in arrangement to lift-
ing jacks. These jacks had a length of
approximately 1 m. The elevation was ad-
jun table and by means of a feed rod the
traverse could be raised or lowered. The
launching guide in turn was mounted on the
traverse.
point 21 Wire Tarobt
Steel frame with 'replaceible wire'xeSh.
'target, 10 m.xl0m4cattructod &proximately
300 m. in front of the launcher (point 20).
The pylons were held in place by guy wires.
For more accurate tests smaller plywood
targets instead of the wire mesh were sus-
pended in the frame. Plywood was alio use!
to determine whether the fins of the IMO 240
missile had opened, and to determine the angu-
lar position of the missile at this distance
from the launcher. The primary purpose of
the plywood target, however, was to obtain
the dispersion pattern.
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Point' 22 Buildings
An unknown-number of houses, each the size
of a typioal two-family home. The sketch
shows only six: but there.-were more in the
area-bordered ronghly.by points 10; 11'; 12,
and 15:- The purpose of these buildingnas
unknown to me.. -
ptillt it laws
The bunker, for personnel wiling the missile,
testAitand (point 24), was constrUcted.into
the hillside.? NO instruments Or equipment
were stored in this bunker. ? The safety
regulatiops- for the operation of the test'
stand were .extremely rigorous, and we were
required to remain in the bunker for the
duration of the test although-the observa-
tion possibilities were very poor from the
bunker.
point 24 Missile Test Bed
A concrete slab, 1.2 m. x 2.0 m. x .8 m.,
used for stationary horizontal tests of mis-
sile Combustion chambers, was located in '
this draw. Here I performed the combustion
testa with the ABRS 220 and ABRS 240, and
it is 'possible that the Soviete may have
performed some tests with the .combustion
chamber of the "Sokol." (Falke)
The combustion chamber was mounted on A
little wagon-like device and held in place
by a clamping device consisting of two steel
shackles. It is possible that the wagon. '
rolled on either guide rails or little wheels.
The test stand was capable of absorbing a
thrust of between 5 and 10 tons. The steel
clamps were designed to hold combustion
chambers of 250 mm. diameter, but if neces-
sary, the clamps could be replaced with
other fastening devices so as to permit the
testing of larger motors. Tests were gen-
erally confined to determining the presoure
gradient. For this purpose a gas pressure
gauge was connected with the chamber. Thrust-
diagrams could also be obtained. The piston,
however, used in these manometric measurements
did not function well. It recorded great oil
C ONFIDENTIAL
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losses seythat-we.bed to work very quickly.
between the preparatory stags ? and the actual.
testing to:prevent joe much leakage. These.
-instrnMente'wereJodated in. point 25. It is
interesting to' note *hetet aargiyen tine
either gas pressure tests.Or_thrust.tests
coula-be-performed'bui not botboat theirs.**
time. ? ?
Measuring Instrument Rooms
? Amt,26
Two Concrete walled toes#I3sN54cme; in
Which laailtobseivation slits were protided
in theysall:ficing the ',est stand. The fir*
ing,mechapipmfor the test stand was located
in room:(point 25). In room Ipoilit,26) were
Itored'ineirumeitc such as the "Ifeyhak" in-
dicator which utilited.an inaccurate clock
mechanism made from a yiotrola spring, oil
pressure gauge for calibrating the,"Neyhak"
indicator, and copper tubes used for pressure
tests. ,
.Point 27 ',iterate Shed
A brown, barraok-like Wooden building; either
one or two stories; I never saw the interior.
Towards the end of 1946 then passing this
building, / detected ,the strong odor of "demi*
.tro benzol". I had no occasion to pass this
building after, that date, and I do not know
. whether this compound was later removed.
None of the German designs at EBr.5 tailed for
the use of this chemical, which leads me to.
.believe that the supply otemmed from wartime
? uses of the SNIP range.
Feint 28, Patrolled Area
Guards patrolled along this path which prob-
ably encloses the entire tiring emplacements.
I estimate that a total of 16 to 20 guards
were on duty at any given. time.
.Pcini 29 "Protectors"
Interspersed around. the patrolled area were
protectors nearby guards Anring inclement
weather,
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CONFIDENTIAL
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SOVIET PLANS FOR ADDITIONAL TEST STANDS
24. As mentioned in the description, only one horizontal test stand
with a capacity of 5 to 10 tong Was available on the SNIP range.
4Zuring our stay the Soviets at various times asked me for infor-
mation and rough.sketches for additional teat stands. I do not
know whether these were-built nor whether ths test stands were
for the SNIP range or the KB-3. tang. in Krasnoarmeysk. / believe,
*however, that SHIP did 'plan to construct additional test stands.
25.'. Around 1949 the Soviets requested us to make proposals for a
test stand having a capacity of lop tons thrust. MY group sub-
mitted data for a vertical al well as a horizontal test stand of
that order; additional details are mot known to me.
26 During 1951 or1952 the Sovieta requested us to submit ideas on
a rotary test stand with which to examine the oydlon effect:-
This phenomenon tas repeatedly encountered in spinned missile?,
i.e. they worked well on the test bench but exploded during
flight. We could not determine the cause of the explosion. At
first we suspected that...it was due to the insufficient strength
of the solid propellant so that the cylinders which housed the
propellants were torn apart by centrifugal force. Thio theory,
however, does not appear eattd/actory to met The strange thing
was that the projectiles were stable in flight until the moment
of explosion so that it could not have been due to insufficient
spin. At any rate a test stand was planned by the Soviets with
which the-missile's motor could. be brought to the number of
revolutions which it obtained in actual flight. Two versions of
this rotary test stand were submitted. The Soviets, as far as I
recall; presented a design in which a driving motor and trans-
mission gears would produce the required motion. The German
specialists submitted a version whereby the rotation was not to
be obtained by motor and gears but rather by means of an addi-
tional rocket chamber equipped with tangential (offset) jets.
Our design galled for a very robust housing equipped with off-
set jets. The propellants 'eauld be calibrated so ae to vary the
rotary speed from test to test. Once the required speed was ob-
tained the testing body was automatically ignited. Again, how-
ever, I do not know the disposition of-these plans and rough
designs.
C ONFIDEBTLA L
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CONFIDENTIAL.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/08: CIA-RDP81-01030R000100350005-7