TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01203R000100250002-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 21, 1987
• Content Type: REPORT

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Terrorism Review
21 December 1987
DI TR 87-025
21 December 1987
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Terrorism Review
21 December 1987
1 Focus: North Korea Revives Terrorism Against the Soutt
5 Highlights
Counterterrorist Center
11 Lebanon: Hizballah Spreading the Word
15 The M-19: Down But Not Out
21 The Terrorism Diary for February
Counterterrorist Center
23 Chronology of Terrorism-1987
Counterterrorist Center
Reverse Blank
This review is published biweekly by the Directorate of Intelligence. Other
elements of the CIA as well as other agencies of the US Intelligence Community
are encouraged to submit articles for publication. Comments and queries are
welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Terrorism Review
21 December 1987
Focus North Korea Revives Terrorism Against the South
Terrorist suspect
Shinichi Hachiya
using name of
Terrorist suspect using name of
Mayumi Hachiya
North Korean intelligence agents almost certainly were behind the disappearance
of Korean Airlines (KAL) Flight 858 over Southeast Asia on 29 November. The
wreckage of the aircraft has not yet been found, but it is likely that the plane was
brought down by a bomb. Information obtained as a result of the detention of two
suspects in Bahrain on 1 December also points to P'yongyang. The attack may be
part of a campaign aimed at disrupting the 1988 Olympics scheduled in Seoul
during September.
Modus Operandi
The KAL flight originated in Baghdad on 29 November, landed briefly at Abu
Dhabi to refuel, and was scheduled to go on to Bangkok and Seoul. The aircraft's
last communication was a routine request to enter Burmese airspace when the
plane was 300 kilometers west of Tavoy, Burma, above the Andaman Sea. The
fact that no other communication was received from the plane indicates it was the
victim of a sudden disaster, probably a bomb blast. Since no new passengers
boarded in Abu Dhabi, attention has focused on passengers who traveled from
Baghdad.
Two of those passengers?using the names Shinichi Hachiya and Mayumi
Hachiya and traveling as father and daughter on Japanese passports?departed
the plane in Abu Dhabi early the morning of the 29th. They flew to Bahrain later
in the morning where they stayed for two nights. The Japanese Embassy in Abu
Dhabi determined that the pair had been aboard the downed aircraft and asked
Bahraini assistance in detaining the two. The woman's passport was discovered to
have been forged,' and the pair was prevented from boarding a flight to Amman
and Rome on 1 December. During their interrogation by airport security
personnel, the detainees bit cyanide capsules; the man died, but his female
companion recovered. She was extradited to South Korea, along with his body and
their personal effects, on 14 December.
Investigators determined the pair bought their tickets in Vienna on 19 November,
traveled to Belgrade on 23 November, then to Baghdad on the 28th. They had
tickets on KAL Flight 858 as far as Abu Dhabi and deplaned as scheduled; we do
not know if they checked bags onto that flight in Baghdad or had only carry-on
luggage. They exchanged tickets in Abu Dhabi for an earlier flight to Bahrain,
then in Bahrain bought tickets for the 1 December flight.
'The man's passport was later determined to be also a forgery.
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No explosive-related materials were found in the suspects' luggage. If they had
checked bags aboard the Korean airliner, those should have been removed in Abu
Dhabi. None have turned up. If they brought a bomb aboard in their carry-on lug-
gage, it would have to have been relatively compact and well disguised to have sur-
vived at least one preboarding inspection. Among the possible timing devices they
could have used are a straight timer, a barometric switch that counts landings and
takeoffs, or some combination of the two
Links to P'yongyang?and Beyond?
Initial suspicion of North Korean involvement stemmed from the choice of a South
Korean target and the typically North Korean attempt at suicide to avoid capture
or. interrogation. Cyanide capsules have been used by North Korean agents in past
incidents. Although the two travelers have not yet been positively identified, their
passports tend to link them to P'yongyang. A Korean living in Japan?who bore
the same name as that on the deceased suspect's passport?said on 2 December
that he had loaned his passport and other personal papers to a business associate in
1983 and that these papers would have allowed the associate to produce a forged
passport. The associate, Akira Miyamoto, is wanted in Japan as a member of a
North Korean spy ring.
North Korea's bitter criticism of Bahrain's decision to extradite the woman to
South Korea is a further indication of P'yongyang's complicity. The North
probably was behind a threat against a Bahraini extradition decision issued by
"The Friends of Mayumi Hachiya" in the Middle East.
Other terrorist connections may come to light. The suspects spent five days in
Belgrade?the longest single pause in their journey?suggesting that they may
have received some operational or logistic support there. Belgrade hosts a North
Korean Embassy and is the site of frequent visits by members of the Japanese Red
Army (JRA).
Assessing North Korea's Motivation
North Korea presumably intended to embarrass Seoul and cast doubt on its ability
to protect potential visitors. We do not believe that North Korean agents would
carry out such an operation without authorization from the highest levels. If this
bombing was the opening round in a campaign to disrupt plans for the Olympics,
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however, we cannot explain why P'yongyang acted so far in advance. The timing
might indicate an attempt to influence the 16 December presidential election in
South Korea, but any indication of North Korean involvement would seem to favor
ruling party nominee Roh Tae Woo, whom P'yongyang would least like to see in
power
We believe that North Korea intended to bring down the airliner over water,
where its fate might never be known. After its agents had disappeared, P'yongyang
could have let speculation about unknown terrorists take its course or arrange for a
bogus group to claim credit and link the attack to the Olympics. As long as no
clear evidence linked the North to the disappearance, it could launch other actions
to disrupt the Olympics or embarrass the South
Results of the Attack
The most immediate effect of the attack was to inject the North Korean threat
into the South's presidential election campaign. Both President Chun and then
candidate No Tae-u condemned P'yongyang for causing the crash, but the other
candidates were more restrained. The raising of the North Korean threat may
have helped ruling party candidate No, who won the race on 16 December with 36
percent of the vote; polls taken just before the airliner incident showed him even
with his rivals or trailing with as much as 20 percent of the electorate undecided.
At the margin, the incident probably gave new life to the frequently overused
ruling camp theme of national security and undermined opposition candidates'
efforts to use the theme of North-South reconciliation to their advantage. As the
South Koreans now manage the investigation, emerging evidence confirming
P'yongyang's role will keep the issue on the political front burner while the new re-
gime copes with demonstrations and charges of fraud. Since Seoul is mindful of
the need for stability and calm between now and the Olympics in September, it is
unlikely to react violently when the North's role is fully exposed.
The bombing is likely to undermine North Korea's quest to share Olympic events
with the South and perhaps end prospects for the North's participation in the
games. The head of the South Korean Olympic Committee has said that, if the
North is proved responsible, the South will end all talks on event sharing. In
addition, the South's Unification Minister has warned that the incident could
affect all aspects of negotiations with the North. We have no evidence that the
South is considering armed retaliation against the North, as it deems stability
essential for the elections and the Olympics.
If world opinion can be convinced that North Korea was behind the KAL incident,
this act will rekindle images of P'yongyang's role in the October 1983 attempted
assassination of South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan in Rangoon. That
bombing left 18 South Korean officials dead, caused Burma to break relations
with P'yongyang, and brought the North unprecedented world condemnation and
political isolation. The latest action will automatically link P'yongyang to acts of
terrorism directed against Seoul before or during the Olympics and maintain the
North's isolation internationally. It has already complicated any such plans
P'yongyang may have made by prompting Seoul to increase security measures and
to ask for more foreign security assistance.
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Western Europe
Belgium
France
Highlights
Significant Developments
Suspected CCC Member Arrested
On 3 November Belgian police arrested a suspected member of the Communist
Combatant Cells (CCC), Christophe Vercauteren, as he was returning from Great
Britain to Oostende. He was charged only with association with criminal elements
and will be detained at least 30 days. Vercauteren was an active member of the
pro-CCC Ligne Rouge in the early 1980s. Belgian authorities arrested most
members of the group in 1985, and there have been no CCC terrorist incidents in
Belgium since December 1985.
Vercauteren's arrest could lead to the development of new information about the
CCC, possibly affecting upcoMing trials of other members. Although there is only
limited circumstantial evidence against Vercauteren, police may claim that
information developed from his arrest could affect evidence presented in the trials
of other CCC members scheduled for January 1988. If police request these trials
be delayed, it may be because they hope to receive further information on ties be-
tween the French group Action Directe and the CCC
Action Directe Explosives Expert Captured
On 27 November, police in Lyon arrested Action Directe (AD) terrorist Max
Frerot, the last known AD operative to be at large. He was arrested after a
shootout with police?one of whom was injured?when they discovered him in a
hotel parking lot during a routine identity check. Frerot was known as AD's
explosives expert. He has been implicated in nearly 80 terrorist incidents since
1979, including several bank robberies and shootings, in which at least three
persons were murdered. Frerot carried detailed lists of targets he surveilled,
including French political figures of the right and left. French police believe Frerot
planned to attack some of these individuals when members of AD's internationalist
wing stand trial in January 1988.
French counterterrorist officials believe that Frerot's arrest signals the end of AD
as an active terrorist organization. After the arrest of his mentor, Andre Olivier, in
March 1986, Frerot reportedly lived on the run, sleeping in parking lots and empty
garages, indicating that probably no support group is left. Because Frerot was in
the "nationalist" wing of AD, he lacked contacts with foreign groups such as West
Germany's Red Army Faction that could have provided refuge. I
Frerot traveled between Paris and Lyon and never left France. They
were impressed, nonetheless, by the detailed targeting information he had amassed
and noted that, even alone, he posed a serious threat.
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Hizballah Cell Leader Charged With Bombings
Additional charges have been levied against the leader of a Hizballah-backed
network that conducted the series of bombings that swept Paris in 1986. French of-
ficials have been investigating the cell, composed of North African expatriates and
led by Tunisian national Fuad Ali Salah, since the first members were arrested in
March 1987. A French magistrate on 3 December charged Salah with conducting
four more bombings, including one at a cafeteria in the La Defense commercial
center on 12 September 1986 that injured 41 persons. Salah previously had been
charged with involvement in attacks at the Paris townhall post office and the Tati
department store in September 1986; the latter bombing killed seven persons and
injured 51 others.
A group calling itself the Committee of Solidarity with Arab Political Prisoners
(CSPPA)?believed at the time to be a covername for the Lebanese Armed
Revolutionary Faction?took credit for all the attacks. French officials have
gathered evidence, however, that several Hizballah members brought the explo-
sives into France, stored them with Salah's help, and planted some of the bombs.
We cannot confirm ties between the Salah group and the CSPPA, the composition
of which remains unknown. French officials recently have begun to play down the
role of Iran as the instigator of the bombings, probably because of the deal to re-
lease two French hostages but also because of the lack of legal evidence to tie Ira-
nian officials to the bombings.
France Cuts Deal for Release of French Hostages
The release on 27 November of Jean-Louis Normandin and Roger Auque, two
French journalists held captive in Lebanon, almost certainly was part of a deal
between France and Iran, which also involved French concessions to Tehran on
bilateral issues. The day before their release, the Revolutionary Justice Organiza-
tion (RJ0)?believed .to be a covername for a Hizballah faction?claimed it would
release two French hostages because it had received "assurances" that France
would change its Middle East policy. Normandin, kidnaped on 8 March 1986, says
he shared a room with US hostages Joseph Cicippio and Edward Tracy; Auque,
abducted on 13 January 1987, was held briefly with a South Korean hostage who
was released on 31 October. The RJO claimed responsibility for the abductions of
Normandin, Cicippio, and Tracy; no claim was issued for Auque.
We believe that the two Frenchmen were freed as the result of an agreement
between France and Iran. On 29 November, a French magistrate briefly
questioned Iranian Embassy employee Vahid Gorji about his ties to a pro-Iranian
terrorist cell arrested in March 1987. At the same time, French Consul Paul Torni
appeared before an Iranian court to answer trumped-up espionage charges. No
legal charges were issued against Gorji, who was immediately taken to a French
Government chartered aircraft. Gorji and Torn i were exchanged in Karachi,
Pakistan, on 30 November. The same day, police barricades in front of the Iranian
and French Embassies were removed, and the diplomats were allowed to return
home. In another gesture toward Tehran, French officials on 7 December arrested
20 Iranian dissidents in Paris and on the following day announced that 14 of them
would be expelled to Gabon
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Greece
Italy
Other details are not known, but France probably also agreed to repay monies
owed Iran. Statements by French Prime Minister Chirac and Foreign Minister
Raimond strongly imply that Paris made promises to Tehran concerning repaying
the remaining $600-700 million of a $1 billion Eurodif loan dating from the time
of the Shah. Chirac has tied normalization of relations between the two countries
to release of the three remaining French hostages, and we believe the two countries
will continue negotiations to obtain their freedom.
Although this most recent hostage release demonstrates Iran's direct influence
over the fate of some of the hostages, we doubt that Tehran could force Hizballah
to free all its hostages in Lebanon. Hizballah is likely to become more reluctant to
free hostages unless it can achieve its goals, some of which may not coincide with
those of Tehran.
Greek Terrorists Intensify Campaign
A recent attack by a terrorist group probably affiliated with the Revolutionary
People's Struggle (ELA) has escalated the terrorist campaign against the Greek
Government. A bomb blast ripped through a cafeteria in the Chamber of
Commerce and Industry in Athens on 10 December, injuring five persons?one
critically?and causing a fire. Four minutes before the explosion, an anonymous
caller warned of the attack and claimed a second bomb would explode. A group
calling itself the Anti-Authority Struggle took credit for the attack, claiming the
Chamber reflected the economic policies of the government and its two-year
austerity program.
The Anti-Authority Struggle made its first appearance last May when it claimed
responsibility for a bomb attack against a Greek-owned bank. The type of attack,
target, and rhetoric in the claim for the May attack echoed those of ELA
subgroups, suggesting that the Anti-Authority Struggle is a subgroup of ELA.
Previously, ELA and its affiliates tried to avoid casualties by attacking late at
night and after telephone warnings. The Chamber of Commerce attack, however,
clearly was intended to cause casualties among Greek officials: it took place while
some Chamber members were at lunch and others were voting.
Red Brigades Plans To Surveil US Facilities
Italian security services have arrested 11 suspected Red Brigades?Communist
Combatant Party (BR-PCC) members since May in Florence and Rome. One
member, Giancarlo Seghetti, was arrested on 20 November and charged with
participation in the postal-van robbery in Rome in February 1987, during which
two policemen were killed. He is the brother of hardcore BR member Bruno
Seghetti. The suspects claimed that in the fall of 1985 they were tasked with
collecting information on a senior US Army officer of the 8th Support Group at
Camp Darby in northern Italy. They reportedly considered the task too difficult
and never carried it out. Later these instructions were canceled.
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Spain
West Germany
This is the second known incident of the BR targeting the US Army facility at
Camp Darby. Documents discovered in a 1982 raid of a BR hideout reportedly in-
cluded a list of CIA agents in Italy and information from US Aviano Airbase and
Camp Darby. The Camp Darby notes also contained details on local facilities
frequented by military personnel.
ETA Violence Increases
Members of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) group claimed responsibil-
ity for a car bomb on 11 December that destroyed a building housing Spanish mili-
tary families in Zaragoza, killing 12 persons and injuring more than 40 others.
Two terrorists reportedly parked the car bomb at 0600 hours near the barracks,
which housed 50 families, then sped off in another vehicle. The 50-kilogram
explosive detonated almost immediately, bringing down the entire building and
killing women and children as well as guardsmen, according to press reports. In a
communique, ETA congratulated itself on the attack. Later that day a policeman
in Basauri was seriously maimed when a letter bomb blew up in his face, and be-
fore midnight, ETA shot to death a policeman walking home with his wife in
Placencia de las Armas. On 13 December, a crowd of roughly 400,000 persons
held impromptu demonstrations against terrorism in Zaragoza, some demanding
the death penalty for terrorists
Hardcore ETA members probably staged the attacks to signal a rejection of
Madrid's current dialogue with more moderate members, marking the end of a
six-month lull in major ETA attacks. Although Madrid reportedly was near a
breakthrough in establishing a truce with ETA, the attacks highlight the fact that
not all of ETA is represented at the negotiating table and that police arrests have
not destroyed the group's ability to stage operations. The attack in Zaragoza is the
fifth this year against Spanish military personnel. The city, which is home to a US
airbase, hosts hundreds of Basque students, some of whom could provide ETA with
support.
Trial Date Set for Abbas Hammadi
The trial of Abbas Hammadi, brother of TWA Flight 847 hijacker Muhammad
Hammadi, is set to begin on 5 January 1988 in Dusseldorf. Abbas, a Lebanese
who holds German citizenship, was arrested on 26 January at the Frankfurt
airport, two weeks after his brother was captured trying to smuggle liquid
explosives into West Germany. Abbas is charged with participating in the
kidnaping of two West Germans in Beirut in January, for which he could receive a
three-to-15-year prison sentence. In connection with the kidnapings, he has also
been charged with attempting to coerce the West German Government into
releasing Muhammad, a charge which carries an additional one-to-10-year
penalty.
No trial date has been set for Muhammad Hammadi, who, in addition to his role
in the TWA hijacking in June, has been closely linked to the Hizballah cell in Leb-
anon responsible for the kidnaping and detention of US hostages. Abbas Hamma-
di's trial is the less sensitive of the two. We believe negotiations between Iran and
West Germany have centered on Muhammad, who is more important in the
Hizballah movement than his brother.
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Latin America
Peru
Western Europe
Cyprus
SL Attempt To Regain Media Limelight
By staging simultaneous operations in Lima on 19 November, the Sendero
Luminoso (SL) apparently attempted to capture a share of the publicity recently
given to Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) actions in San Martin
Department. Following an operation that blacked out Lima and most of Peru's
central coast region, 30 SL members attacked a Nissan factory, setting fires in the
installation after entering the plant on a company bus. Police responding to the at-
tack killed four terrorists and captured a few others. On the same night, SL
assailants threw small explosives at several buildings in the capital, including the
US Embassy where a policeman was injured. Other explosions at the Health and
Justice Ministries, as well as at a bank and hotel, caused damage but no injuries.
The attacks and the absence of a claim of responsibility are consistent with SL's
modus operandi
Technical Trends
Scanning Device Installed at Larnaca Airport
Airport officials reportedly have installed a scanning device to monitor baggage
from all incoming Arab airlines for illegal weapons and ammunition. If suspicious
items are detected, the baggage will be inspected after it has been claimed.
Cyprus has been used as a key transit point for
Middle Eastern terrorists. Airport officials now appear concerned about reducing
such use of Larnaca. The US Embassy in Nicosia reported in September that the
airport met or exceeded most international airport security guidelines and that its
security equipment appears to be modern and well maintained.
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West Germany
Middle East
Remotely Controlled Robots Purchased for Bomb Disposal
German state security officials in Bavaria reportedly have purchased three robots
for use in bomb disposal and counterterrorism operations. The US-made robots
can be outfitted with water cannons, shotguns, explosive detectors, and other
equipment that can be tailored to various situations. The radio-controlled, battery-
operated vehicles have a range of 5 kilometers and can operate on sloping surfaces.
An operator can use two color video cameras to monitor the area around the
robots. Weighing only 50 kilograms each, the robots are small enough to fit in the
trunk of an average-size automobile. The compact size and versatility of the robots
indicates they can be used for surveillance or disposing of a wide variety of
explosive devices while security personnel remain at a distance.
New Methods To Disguise Explosives
Israeli and Spanish authorities have discovered explosives disguised as oil paint-
ings. the Popular Front for the Liberation
of Palestine (PFLP) and the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF)
intend to use such explosives in attacks outside the Middle East. In this method of
disguising explosives, canvas is saturated with the explosive and oil paints are
applied to the surface. After the paint dries, a small hole is made in the picture, a
triggering device and detonator are attached, and the picture is wrapped. When
the package is opened, the device explodes
As security forces have developed better methods for detecting explosives,
terrorists have become more innovative in their deception techniques. In the last 18
months, explosives disguised as olives, chocolate eggs, and ceramic butterflies have
been confiscated from Middle Eastern terrorists. Attentive security personnel were
responsible for detecting flaws in the disguises. Some types of explosives, such as
TNT and plastic explosives, can be cast into almost any form and their consisten
can be altered without significantly degrading their explosive characteristics.
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Lebanon: Hizballah
Spreading the Word
We, the son of Hizballah's nation, consider ourselves
a part of the Islamic nation in the world, which is
facing the most tyrannical arrogant assault from both
the East and West.
Excerpt from a 1985 Hizballah press
statement
Since its emergence in 1982-83, the group of Leba-
nese Shia radicals, collectively known as Hizballah,
has rapidly become the most dynamic Islamic funda-
mentalist movement outside Iran. Inspired, nurtured,
and trained by Iran, Hizballah now appears to be
developing its own program to assist other fledgling
fundamentalist Shia movements and to export its
brand of Islamic radicalism.
Hizballah's radical Shia leadership, driven by a fun-
damentalist ideology inspired by the Iranian revolu-
tion, aims to establish an Islamic Republic in Leba-
non. Like their Iranian brethren, Hizballah maintains
that the Islamic Revolution must be a worldwide
phenomenon and cannot be confined within the
boundaries of a single country. We believe Hizballah,
with Iran's support, is now encouraging fundamental-
ism throughout the Arab world and may be assuming
the same mentor role that Iran did in Lebanon.
Iran has played an integral role in the development
and training of radical Shia in Lebanon. Several
hundred Iranian Revolutionary Guard members are
presently in Lebanon to provide both military training
and logistic support to Hizballah.
the Revolutionary Guard provides Hizbal-
lah with training in weapons, explosives, military
tactics, and communications. We do not believe that
the contacts of Hizballah with other fundamentalist
groups has reached the dimensions of Iran's links to it,
but rather that it is in the initial stage of testing the
waters.
Hizballah has be-
gun to pass its knowledge of military tactics and
recruitment techniques to other fundamentalist
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groups through contacts and training provided both
inside and outside of Lebanon.
we see evidence of significant contacts in the
Maghreb and Gulf States.
Although most Muslims worldwide are Sunni, in
Lebanon and Iran the Shia predominate. Longstand-
ing ideological differences will hinder Hizballah's
activities in Sunni-dominated countries (as it has
Iran's), but growing fundamentalist tendencies in both
Shia and Sunni communities worldwide are at least
superficially helping bridge the obstacles to coopera-
tion. Fundamentalist groups are able to identify with
each other as oppositionist political groups who advo-
cate nonsecular alternatives.
Hizballah Ties to North Africa
The fundamentalist movements in predominantly
Sunni North Africa, while distinct from those in
Lebanon, appear to have loose affiliations with the
Lebanese group. Tunisian fundamentalists in particu-
lar appear linked to Lebanon's radical Shia. Last
September, a Tunisian court sentenced the leader of
the largest Islamic fundamentalist group in Tunisia?
the Islamic Tendency Movement?to a life sentence
for terrorist activities. Almost immediately, Leban-
on's Hizballah responded with a communique, au-
thenticated with a photograph of US hostage Terry
Anderson, threatening retaliation against government
leaders if the death sentences of other group members
were carried out.
In addition, French police arrested several Tunisian
and Moroccan immigrants in March 1987 who acted
as a support cell for Hizballah terrorist attacks in
France.
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stored them at cell members' homes, and assisted the
North Africans in placing bombs that shook Paris in
1986. The Tunisian ringleader of the group had
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studied in Iran, but most members of his group were
Sunni Muslims. Several Hizballah cells have also
been discovered in Algeria,
The cells reportedly consist of Algeri-
ans trained in both Iran and Lebanon.
Relations between Hizballah and Egyptian Sunni
fundamentalists also appear to be developing.
growing sympathy among
Egyptian fundamentalists for the radical Shia agen-
da?a sharp departure from the past. Early this year
a series of articles and interviews by Shaykh Umar
Abd al-Rahman, a militant Egyptian cleric linked to
the assassins of former President Anwar Sadat, ap-
peared in the Hizballah press. Ideologically close to
Hizballah, Adb al-Rahman advocates an Islamic na-
tion and opposition to the moderate Egyptian Govern-
ment, Israel, and the West. While Abd al-Rahman's
Sunni affiliation and his belief that Egypt, not Iran,
should lead the future Islamic nation almost certainly
will hinder cooperation, such public ties between
radical Sunni and Shia groups provide valuable pro-
paganda and underscore Hizballah's commitment to
Islamic unity.
Tutor to the Gulf States
Hizballah's affiliation with Muslim extremists in the
Gulf Arab states appears to focus on training and may
predate ties to similar elements in the Maghreb
because of longstanding Iranian interest in the Gulf.
in late 1985 a
large training camp was discovered in northern Leba-
non near the village of Janta, in the vicinity of
Bala'bakk, part of which is controlled by Hizballah.
More than 2,000 Shia were reported to be training
there, including about 60 from Saudi Arabia and
Bahrain. After their training, these Shia were to
perform operations in the Gulf states.
Hizballah military train-
ers have begun to organize and train Shia activists in
Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province
Taking the Show to Syria
An increasingly important target for Hizballah activi-
ty may be neighboring Syria. Hizballah-Syrian rela-
tions are a barometer of sorts for the larger Iranian-
Syrian relationship. In recent months, the relationship
has been tense as Syria tries to contain Iranian
Secret
influence in Lebanon and impose its security plan on
large sectors of Lebanon. The kidnaping of American
journalist Charles Glass demonstrated the fragile
equilibrium of the relationship. Embarrassed by the
breach of security, Syrian troops cracked down on
Hizballah movements and supply shipments while
Glass was incarcerated but were careful not to push
restrictions to the point of open hostility.
Hizballah has longstanding ties to the anti-Syrian
Sunni fundamentalist group, the Islamic Unification
Movement (IUM), in northern Lebanon. The Islamic
Unification Movement in turn has ties to Syrian
oppositionist groups such as the Syrian Muslim Broth-
erhood. Many Syrian fundamentalists found safeha-
ven with the IUM in Tripoli, Lebanon, after the
Syrian Government's crackdown on the Muslim
Brotherhood in Hama in 1982. Iran may attempt to
promote these relationships more strongly to obtain
access through Syria's borders in the event that
Iranian-Syrian relations sour and Iran decides to
embark on a campaign of subversion
Hizballah officials are
trying to establish a covert presence in Syria to
protect their interests in view of the perceived im-
provement in US-Syrian ties. A team of Hizballah
members was to be sent to Syria to study the issue.
The fluctuating Syrian-imposed travel restrictions
concerning Lebanon and the desire to develop covert
ties to Syrian fundamentalists could hasten the devel-
opment of bases and terrorist acts within Syria.
Hizballah has a
contingency plan to attack the US Embassy in
Damascus. Such an attack would demonstrate the
group's ability to strike within Syria if Syrian-Iranian
ties were broken.
Outlook
Hizballah will seek to expand its fledgling ties to
fundamentalist groups in an attempt to protect its
growing revolutionary reputation. The group will
work closely with Iran. It may step up joint training
with Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps advisers in
the Bekaa and try to send arms clandestinely to its
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new friends. In time, Hizballah's ties to other funda-
mentalists may be sufficiently developed to enlist their
aid in terrorist operations against mutual enemies.
Much of Hizballah's success in expanding ties to
other fundamentalist groups will depend on its rela-
tions with Syria. A Syrian crackdown on Hizballah's
freedom of movement or supplies could destroy its
capabilities to train other fundamentalists. Syrian
tolerance, or even a continuance of the present occa-
sional Syrian harassment, will give Hizballah the
room to maneuver and develop its aspirations to
become a sponsor of worldwide Islamic
fundamentalism
Reverse Blank
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The M-19: Down But Not Out
Colombia's 19th of April Movement (M-19) had little
success in 1987 in overcoming its serious financial and
organizational problems, despite joining a grand alli-
ance of insurgent factions. Still not fully recovered
from the disastrous Palace of Justice takeover attempt
in late 1985 and the death of former M-19 leader
Alvaro Fayad in March of 1986, the group began
1987 with low funds and a lack of strong leadership.
A number of important operations were canceled by
the group in 1987 because of a lack of money. The
leadership appears to be making attempts to reverse
the group's failure of command, lack of direction, and
depleted financial resources. We believe its future
activities probably will be directed toward obtaining
money for the group and improving its tarnished
image.
Money Problems
Foreign support for M-19 this year appears to have
been minimal. During the first half of 1987, Cuba
apparently provided little in the way of financing,
although in May it sent a shipment of small arms.
Speculation regarding the reason for Cuba's lack of
financial support has ranged from poor economic
conditions in Cuba to Fidel Castro's displeasure with
M-19's ineffectiveness and lack of leadership. Al-
though M-19 commander Carlos Pizarro Leongomez
claimed in December 1986 that Libya would provide
assistance, such support also appears to have been
limited. Attempts to raise funds from Ecuadorean and
Peruvian insurgent groups and from the Panamanian
Government this November also were unsuccessful.
We believe lack of international backing is the major
factor in the crippling of M-19 operations this year. A
major joint guerrilla offensive in Cauca Province?
scheduled for June?had to be indefinitely postponed
when M-19 reportedly was unable to provide food,
ammunition, boots, and uniforms. The operation had
been planned by the National Guerrilla Coordinator
(CNG), an alliance of several Colombian guerrilla
groups. When M-19 was unable to carry out its part
15
in the operation, it appears to have lowered its
prestige within the CNG and to have depressed
morale among M-19's rank and file.
M-19 urban guerrillas also were low on funds.
the wing
standards of full-time M-19 members in urban areas
had fallen to such an extent that some middle-ranking
leaders considered leaving the organization. Training
reportedly had to be canceled, and risky and ill-
planned operations were launched to gain funds.
The degree to which M-19 urban units were able to
remain viable depended greatly on local conditions,
with M-19 guerrillas in Bogota gaining some assis-
tance through cooperation with the Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia's (FARC) newly formed 25X1
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Organizational Chaos
Lack of national-level leadership was another serious
problem for the group this year. In March,
the absence of M-19 leader
Pizarro as a leadership crisis. Pizarro apparently was
out of Colombia from December 1986 to May 1987.
Two other top M-19 leaders reportedly were also out
of the country in January and February 1987. Be-
cause Pizarro allegedly failed to issue guidance in his
absence, many midlevel leaders followed their own
agendas. Criticism of Pizarro has been widespread
even when the leader has been in the country. In late
November regional leaders agreed that Pizarro had
made no significant proposals and was not a charis-
matic leader
The regional officers also acknowledged, however,
that, despite Pizarro's shortcomings, no one else was
qualified to lead the M-19.
In July and August the group hit its lowest point.
Many M-19 members were hungry and homeless,
Discipline was rapid-
ly eroding and increasing numbers of M-19 members
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had announced their plans to return home or to join
other guerrilla organizations.
most of those considering joining other guerrilla
groups favored the National Liberation Army (ELN).
An ELN official reportedly observed in mid-August,
however, that M-19 members were slowly dividing
into two factions?one pro-ELN and one pro-FARC.
This fragmentation may have been halted by M-19's
decision to join the Simon Bolivar Guerrilla Coordina-
tor, an alliance of six Colombian guerrilla organiza-
tions, which includes both FARC and the ELN.
M-19's leadership appears now to be working vigor-
ously to overcome its failure of command, lack of
direction, and absence of financial resources. Recent
planning appears focused on moneymaking operations
and on terrorist actions that could raise the national?
and international?image of the M-19. The group's
participation in the Simon Bolivar alliance, while
opposed by some M-19 members, probably will result
in logistic and materiel support to the group
M-19
may be cooperating with criminals and drug traffick-
ers in carrying out hired killings and lcidnapings.
Colombian officials have learned M-19 also plans to
attack multinational corporations and large estate
Secret
owners, and US Embassy officials believe the group
may soon launch a major terrorist action
M-19 guerrillas planned to
take over an embassy or kidnap a foreign diplomat in
December 1987 to gain ransom money and interna-
tional attention. Upon successful completion of this
terrorist operation, M-19 mem-
bers will travel to Libya. We believe that Libya has
promised additional financial and training assistance
to the group in return for positive terrorist results.
Outlook
The coming months will be critical to the future of the
M-19. Financial backing is vital if the group is to
regain its strength. To regain its prestige, the group
will have to either increase its overall terrorist activity
or carry out one major terrorist attack. US officials
and businessmen undoubtedly will be high on M-19's
list of potential targets.
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1-11 February 1979
The Terrorism Diary for February
Below is a compendium of February dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself
be construed to sukzest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
event.
Iran. Return of Ayatollah Khomeini to Iran from exile in Paris. The 10 following
days are celebrated as the "Ten Days of Dawn," marking the victory over the old
regime.
1 February 1984 India. Kashmir separatist leader Maqbool Butt executed.
1 February 1985 India. Kashmir Liberation Front sets off two bombs to commemorate Butt's
execution.
4 February 1948 Sri Lanka. Independence Day.
4 February 1961 Angola. Beginning of armed struggle against Portugal.
4 February 1986 Israel-Libya-Syria. Israeli interception of Libyan aircraft carrying Syrian offi-
cials.
5 February 1960 Burma. Kachin Independence Army (KIA) Revolution Day.
6 February 1840 New Zealand. Waitangi Day (national day).
6 February 1981 Pakistan. Founding of Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD).
6 February 1984 Lebanon. Fall of West Beirut to Muslim militias.
7 February 1974 Grenada. Independence Day.
7 February 1986 Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos reelected president; widespread fraud charges and
demonstrations led to his fleeing to United States.
11 February Japan. National Foundation Day.
11 February 1929 Italy, Vatican City. Lateran Treaty signed (governs relationship between Italy and
Vatican City).
12 February 1947 Burma. Union Day.
13 February 1961 Zaire. Death of Patrice Lumumba.
13 February 1975 Cyprus. Declaration of establishment of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus.
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15 February 1966 Colombia. Death of National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrilla leader and priest
Camilo Torres.
16 February 1918 Lithuanian SSR. Independence Day.
17 February 1979 Vietnam. Invasion by Chinese troops.
18 February 1965 The Gambia. Independence Day.
19 February 1947 Poland. People's Republic established.
19 February 1952 NepaL King Tribhuan Memorial Day.
19 February 1980 Egypt-Israel. Exchange of ambassadors.
22 February 1948 Romania. Founding of Romanian Workers' Party.
22 February 1972 Qatar. Coup d'etat that brought Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani to power.
22 February 1979 St. Lucia. Independence Day.
23 February 1970 Guyana. Republic Day.
23 February 1984 Brunei. National Day.
24 February 1948 Czechoslovakia. First Communist government.
24 February 1966 Ghana. Liberation Day. Overthrow of Nkrumah.
25 February 1948 Kuwait. Independence Day.
25 February 1980 Suriname. Day of Liberation and Renewal.
25 February 1986 Philippines. Corazon Aquino inaugurated as president.
27 February 1844 Dominican Republic. Independence Day.
27 February 1976 Western Sahara. Anniversary of Saharan Democratic Arab Republic. Polisario
government-in-exile.
28 February 1977 El Salvador. Leftists demonstrating against alleged election fraud in San Salvador
killed by security forces; Popular League of 28 February (LP-28) takes its name
from this event.
28 February 1986 Sweden. Unidentified gunman kills Prime Minister Olaf Palme.
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26 September
Early October
4 October
8 October
9 October
Chronology of Terrorism-1987
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving
terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, which have occurred or come to light
since our last issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not
be known. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in
this publication are not included.
Lebanon: A group calling itself the Revolutionary Crescent Organization claims
responsibility in Beirut for several recent attacks in Egypt. The targets included
US diplomats, two former Egyptian ministers, and a Coptic library that was
burned in Asyut
Lebanon: Boobytrapped car explodes at Tall Square in Tripoli, injuring four
persons. The explosion caused several fires and property damage in the area. No
group has claimed responsibility.
Tanzania: Dar Es Salaam police arrest three armed Palestinians suspected of
plotting to kill visiting Pakistani Shia religious leader. Heavy security was
placed around the visiting leader, who is known for his fundamentalist Shia and
anti-Sunni views.
Lebanon: Nepalese UNIFIL soldier is killed by South Lebanese Army (SLA)
gunfire, Wier terrorists detonate two roadside bombs near an SLA force. The
UNIFIL soldier was hit when SLA soldiers fired toward the perpetrators as they
fled the scene of the incident.
Lebanon: Lebanese Liberation Organization claims responsibility for the bomb-
ing of Syrian Intelligence Headquarters in Tripoli. Three Syrian soldiers were
killed, and a number of others were injured in the incident. The group also claimed
responsibility for the shooting and death of a Syrian intelligence member and the
wounding of his companion on the previous night.
Lebanon: Masked gunmen abduct Iranian national George Asfahani as he drives
down a main steel in Beirut. Asfahani was abducted earlier this year and, after he
was released, stopped payment on a ransom check. Police believe the same group,
annoyed at being deceived, may have seized him again.
? Lebanon: A group, calling itself the Liberation Battalion, claims responsibility
for two explosions targeted against Syrian forces. The explosions occurred outside
the Soviet Embassy on Tallat Al-Khayyat and in front of the Hilu Barracks in
West Beirut.
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10 October '
24 October
27 October
Peru: Police arrest five members of Sendero Luminoso (SL) at a hideout in
Huancabamba Province. Authorities recovered a large amount of stolen explosive
materials and captured several firearms in the raid.
Lebanon: Car bomb intended for the deputy to Lebanese Forces leader Samir
JaVa`, Dr. Hashim Al-Husayni, explodes prematurely near a hospital in Tripoli.
The three passengers in the car were killed. Reportedly the victims had been
assigned the task of assassinating Husayni by another Ja`Ja` aide
Philippines: Suspected New People's Army rebels assassinate local anti-
Communist newspaperman in Cebu City. The victim had been the target of
numerous death threats.
Sri Lanka: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) members attack Sinhalese
villagers in the northeast, killing nine persons and injuring seven others. As many
as 150 persons have been killed in recent LTTE attacks against Sinhalese civilians.
Thailand: Small explosive device explodes under Sungei Golok-Bangkok train as
it traveled between the Yupoh and Taseart stations in Yala Province. There were
no casualties, and the train failed to derail. Muslim separatists are believed
responsible.
France?West Germany: French police arrest Katherina de Fries in Normandy.
West Germany requested her arrest and extradition for providing support for the
Red Army Faction and for taking part in an armed robbery in West Berlin in
1980. A group called the French Support Collective issued a communique
opposing her extradition.
29 October Colombia: The National Liberation Army (ELN) claims responsibility for the
kidnaping of noted sculptor Rodrigo Arenas Betancur several days earlier.
Colombia: People's Liberation Army (EPL) terrorists release kidnaped physician
for $120,000 ransom. The victim had been held since 24 August
2 November Colombia: ELN assailants bomb police vehicle in Arauca. The explosion killed
four policemen and wounded two others
6 November
Portugal: Portuguese police detain Guinea-Bissau diplomat. Luis Queba Sambu,
who had been responsible for security at the Guinea-Bissau Embassy in Lisbon,
turned over explosive devices to Portuguese authorities and asked for political
asylum. Sambu claims the explosives were to be used against dissidents opposed to
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9 November
10 November
13 November
14 November
Bissau. However, Portuguese police found other explosive devices at the Embassy
and at the diplomat's residence, which they believe were for use in terrorist
operations outside Guinea-Bissau. Police suspect that Sambu may have links to the
Portuguese Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25) and the French group Action
Directe
Sri Lanka: Car bomb explodes outside police station in Colombo, killing at least
30 persons and injuring 100 others, including children who were leaving a nearby
school. The blast damaged several buildings and destroyed at least 20 vehicles. No
group has claimed responsibility, but police suspect the LTTE.
West Germany: Government releases two Red Army Faction (RAF) members,
placing them on probation after they served 10 years of a 15-year sentence for
attempted murder and membership in the RAF. Both were captured in 1977 after
a gunfight with Dutch police. The two terrorists were in a work-release program
after renouncing their support for the RAF.
Colombia: ELN terrorists attack two buses near Cano Tigre, killing a noncom-
missioned officer who was a passenger on one of the buses. The assailants did not
harm other passengers or cause any damage.
Colombia: Members of the ELN attack police station and Cattleman's Bank in
Pailitas. The perpetrators, wearing military uniforms, killed a policeman and
wounded three other police officers and three soldiers
Turkey: Police capture 18 Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) terrorists in raids in
Hakkari Province. The captured members had also served in support roles as
couriers, intelligence agents, and suppliers of provisions for the group
Turkey: Security forces arrest 18 more PKK members during raid in Istanbul.
The police also seized ammunition and documents. A captured militant later led
them to large caches of winter clothing and medical supplies stored in several caves
in eastern Turkey.
Sri Lanka: Unidentified assailants murder United National Party (UNP) orga-
nizer in his home in Madurankuliya near Puttalam. Members of the Sinhalese
leftist group Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) are believed responsible.
Sri Lanka: Unknown rebels kill UNP village council chairmen in Ellewewa and
Kahtagasdigiliya, respectively. Members of the JVP are suspected in the inci-
dents.
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Mid-November
16 November
17 November
18 November
Zimbabwe: Guerrillas from the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO)
kill five students and kidnap 20 others at school near border.
Ethiopia: Terrorists kidnap two Italian civilians and at least one Ethiopian
national in Baghir Dar. The victims were driving to work at the Tana Belles
development project when the assailants burned their car and took them hostage.
Although no one has claimed responsibility, a similar incident occurred last year,
when the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party kidnaped two Italian construc-
tion workers, whom it later released, at Tana Belles
Colombia: Approximately 100 guerrillas of the Simon Bolivar Guerrilla Coordi-
nator attack and dynamite cement plant in Puerto Triunfo. After the raid, the
assailants briefly held three executives prisoner. The Simon Bolivar Guerrilla
Coordinator also claimed responsibility for the recent assassination of Pablo
Guarin Vera, an anti-Communist congressman.
Pakistan: Bomb explodes on bus at Nasir Bagh, a main refugee camp near
Peshawar. One person was killed and at least 19 others?both Pakistanis and
Afghans?were injured. Authorities blame the bombing on the Soviet-backed
Afghan Government.
Turkey: Military vehicle on routine patrol in Bitlis Province sets off landmine
planted by PKK. One soldier was killed and six were wounded. A village headman
riding in the vehicle was also injured.
19 November Switzerland: Swiss authorities expel three Libyans suspected of plotting the
murder of anti-Qadhafi dissidents and French nationals in Geneva.
20 November
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Turkey: Police arrest 37 PKK separatists in Diyarbakir. The militants had been
involved in explosions, raids, and several killings in eastern and southeastern
Turkey
United States: Lebanese terrorist Fawaz Yunis linked to second hijacking. Yunis
was arrested in international waters on 13 September and charged in the United
States with masterminding the June 1985 hijacking of a Jordanian airliner in
Beirut. US officials now allege that Yunis guarded some captive passengers of
TWA Flight 847 in Beirut during the 17-day hijacking incident but state he
probably will not face charges for his role in this operation.
West Germany: Police find automobile in Hochheim that they believe was used by
RAF members since July 1987. The car was stolen and was made to look like an-
other car legally registered in West Germany. Police found tools for stealing cars,
drivers' licenses, vehicle registrations, and other identification documents in the
car.
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24 November
25 November
26 November
27 November
Philippines: Three unidentified persons assassinate university official in his car
at busy intersection in Manila. Two other companions of the victim were unhurt.
Although no one claimed responsibility for the attack, a sparrow unit of the New
People's Army is suspected.
Lebanon: Syrian national Abbas Khashshan is found shot to death inside his car
in the Bizbina area in Akkar. The Liberation Battalion claimed responsibility for
the assassination and warned that those collaborating with the Syrian forces would
meet the same fate.
Turkey: Molotov cocktails explode at two Turkish banks in Istanbul, causing
small fires and minor damage but no injuries. Police suspect the Revolutionary
Left (Dev Sol).
Lebanon: Amal members dismantle three explosive devices found in different
locations in Tyre. No one has claimed responsibility for planting the bombs.
Lebanon: Publishing house officials are seriously wounded in armed attack in the
Al-Hursh area of West Beirut. The victims were the director of the Al-Farabi
Printing and Publishing House and the chief of the company's distribution section.
No group has claimed responsibility.
India: Sikh extremists ambush and kill security force soldier and wound two
others near Gurdaspur; two Sikh brothers and a Hindu die of gunshot wounds in
another attack. Police arrested 34 suspected members of the Khalistan Commando
and Khalistan Liberation Forces.
Pakistan: Police recover and defuse powerful magnetic bomb in bazaar area near
Peshawar. The target is believed to have been the government school. A suspect
was apprehended before he could detonate the bomb.
West Germany: Police arrest two more persons believed to have been involved in
the shooting of two policemen at a demonstration in Frankfurt on 2 November.
Andreas Saemisch and Reiner Huebner are thought to have connections with the
RAF. Police suspect that Saemisch stole the pistol used in the shootings
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28 November
28-29 November
29 November
30 November
Lebanon: Bomb containing an estimated 15 kilograms of TNT explodes under a
car in East Beirut, wounding three people and causing property damage. The car
was parked near a restaurant in the Sin El Fil area, and the victims were passing
the car when it exploded. No group has claimed responsibility.
Bolivia: Bomb explodes in La Paz at the Industrial Bank building, which houses
USAID offices. No one was injured, but the blast caused extensive damage to a
bank office. Bolivian banks have been bombed in the past, and it is not known if
USAID was also a target in the attack. No one has claimed responsibility for the
explosion
France: Bomb explodes at state-owned radio and television headquarters in Paris,
causing extensive damage to one of the entrances to the building. There were no
reported casualties, and no group has claimed responsibility
Pakistan: Bomb explodes in busy shopping area, killing at least 20 persons and
damaging several shops, vehicles, and nearby homes. Another bomb exploded near
Peshawar stadium but caused no damage or casualties. Although no group has
claimed responsibility for the attacks, agents of the Afghan intelligence service
(WAD) are suspected.
West Germany: Unknown perpetrators sabotage Bremerhaven-Berlin military
train in two separate attacks in Berlin. In one incident, a chain with a boat anchor
at each end was dropped from an overpass on a train's overhead electrical wire. In
another incident, an anchor was thrown on a locomotive causing a short circuit,
Which halted the train. There were no reported injuries, and no group has claimed
responsibility.
Philippines: Bomb explodes near International Convention Center where ASEAN
summit scheduled to meet in December. The blast caused minor damage to the
building but no casualties. No group has claimed responsibility.
Lebanon: Bomb explodes in second-story apartment of a building in West Beirut,
wounding one person and causing property damage. There has been no claim of
responsibility.
Turkey: PKK militants raid four villages in Mardin and kidnap 26 residents. The
attacks were successful despite heavy security measures throughout southeastern
Turkey.
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1 December
2 December
3 December
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Lebanon: Letter bomb, delivered to residence of British Ambassador John Grey in
East Beirut, is defused by bomb experts. The envelope, packed with 3 kilograms of
TNT, contained a greeting card from the New Zealand Embassy and was
delivered by someone in a car bearing diplomatic license plates. Ambassador Grey
and his wife were out of the country at the time of the incident
Pakistan: Car bomb explodes in law court complex in Peshawar, injuring 12
persons and damaging numerous parked vehicles. Although no group has claimed
responsibility, authorities suspect WAD agents.
Lebanon: Bomb is discovered under a car belonging to a member of Parliament in
the Al-Ashrafiyah area of East Beirut. The explosive device was placed in front of
a tire. No one has claimed responsibility.
West Germany: Fake bomb is discovered across the street from Chancellor's office
in Bonn. The device contained a small amount of black powder, an im i rovised det-
onator, and a battery. No one claimed responsibility for the device.
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