CHINA: AGRICULTURE IN 1979

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• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 21, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 1, 1980
• Content Type: REPORT

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Foreign
Assessment
Center
China: Agriculture in 1979
An Intelligence Assessment
Confidential
ER 80-10317
May 1980
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'"UG4te National Confidential
Foreign
Assessment
Center
China: Agriculture in 1979
An Intelligence Assessment
Research for this report was completed
on 16 May 1980.
This assessment was prepared by
China Resources Branch, China
Division, I ice of Economic Research. Comments
and queries are welcome and should be addressed to
the Chief, China Resources Branch, OER
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ER 80-10317
May 1980
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China: Agriculture in 1979
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In 1979, China's total grain output was 332 million metric tons, 27 million
tons above the record output of 1978. Records also were set in the production
of oilseeds, livestock, and several cash crops. Cotton production rose slightly,
but fell short of planned output. The increases were the result of 25X1
exceptionally favorable weather, of increased inputs, and, to a certain
extent, of new policies designed to increase peasant productivity.
Record imports of grain and cotton and large imports of soybeans, vegetable
oils, and sugar reflect the leadership's desire simultaneously to ease the
procurement burden on the peasants, to meet industrial needs, and to raise
urban consumption levels. Despite rapid growth in agricultural imports,
China has consistently maintained a favorable agricultural trade balance by
expanding exports of high unit-value items such as raw silk and hogs. In
1980 imports are expected to maintain the high levels of 1979, exports are
expected to climb, but at a lower rate. 25X1
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China: Agriculture in 1979
The 1979 Crop
China achieved record grain output for the second
straight year in 1979. The total value of agricultural
output increased 8.6 percent and was 4.2 percent above
plan. Production benefited from unusually favorable
weather and to a lesser extent from the increased use of
modern inputs and the incentive effect of new agricul-
tural policies. Beijing's estimate of total grain produc-
tion was 332 million tons-27 million tons, or 9
percent, above the 1978 harvest.' With this increase
and the continued high level of imports, per capita
grain availability rose 8 percent?also the second
straight year of large increases (see table 1). Peasant
incomes from collective activities rose 13 percent in
1979 to 83.4 yuan per capita.
Increased supplies of agricultural inputs played a
major role in the record performance of 1979. While
potassium fertilizer output fell in 1979, production of
the two most important chemical fertilizers, phosphate
and nitrogen, rose significantly (see table 2). During
1979 the average chemical fertilizer applied jumped
from 89 to 109 kilograms per hectare. Also, more fields
were placed under irrigation and drainage, and the
percentage of machine-tilled farmland rose from 40.9
to 42.4 percent.
' In December 1979, the Chinese estimated 1979 grain production as
315 million tons. On 8 April 1980, Li Renjun, vice chairman of the
State Planning Commission, stated that grain production had
reached 324.9 million tons for 1979 and implied the production for
1978 had been revised upward from 304.8 to 309.8 million tons. A
communique by the State Statistical Bureau on 30 April again
raised 1979 grain output to 332.1 million tons but lowered the 1978
production back to 304.8. A similar pattern of revisions emerged
following the 1978 harvest
The recent adjustments in production figures raise questions as to
the consistency of Chinese accounting methods. Some of the
revisions may be explained by more complete reporting by local and
provincial levels. The large revisions of 1979 production and changes
in 1978 production, however, raise the possibility of a change in
coverage or calculation methods, such as adjusting the conversion
rate of potatoes to grain or including grain produced on private plots.
Published individual provincial claims usually lag behind the
publication of national claims; thus, more reporting must be received
to confirm the composition of the 1979 harvest
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The excellent 1979 harvest has encouraged China's
agricultural policymakers in implementing new poli-
cies aimed at increasing agricultural production and
raising living standards. These policies consist of
measures to (1) raise peasant productivity by offering
higher prices, returning management decisions to local
levels, and encouraging private activities; (2) raise
yields by increasing the use of modern inputs and
strengthening agricultural science; and (3) increase
specialization by channeling investment into the most
productive regions and reemphasizing long-neglected
industrial crop and livestock production.
Early Harvest
The early harvest, which rose sharply for the third 25X1
straight year, made up an increased portion of the total
harvest (see table 3). Winter wheat alone rose 7 million
tons over the 1978 harvest. The increase was a result of
favorable weather over most of the winter wheat
growing areas and an expansion in sown area in the
Middle and Lower Changjiang Basins. Officials in the
Changjiang Basins, fearing a shortage of water for
irrigation, planted winter wheat and other crops in
fields normally reserved for early rice. Early rice
output rose slightly despite some poor weather during
the latter part of the growing season and a reduced 25X1
growing area. Spring wheat production also suffered
from poor weather during the early growing stages,
and probably only matched 1978 output.
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Late Harvest 25X1
The late harvest, consisting of intermediate rice, late
rice, and miscellaneous grains (mainly corn, sorghum
and soybeans), was well above 1978 production. The25X1
intermediate rice crop rose sharply because of favor-
able weather and a 2-percent increase in sown area.
Some of the increase in growing area came from fields
that were switched from early rice to winter crops.
(Intermediate and late rice are transplanted in fields
after winter crops are harvested.) The yield of late rice
rose slightly, but a reduced growing area and localized
unfavorable weather limited total output.
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Table 1
China: Grain Supply, Production, and Trade
Kilograms
Million Metric Tons
Per Capita
Availability'
Total
Supply
Domestic
Production
Trade
Net Imports
Imports 2
Exports
1952
279
161
161
-0.36
0.02
0.38
1957
293
190
191
-1.34
0.14
1.48
1965
260
198
194
4.50
6.02
1.52
1970
286
246'
243
3.11
4.63
1.52
1971
282
248
246
1.66
3.13
1.47
1972
269
243
240
3.12
4.64
1.52
1973
294
271
266
5.32
7.90
2.58
1974
297
280
275
4.98
7.41
2.43
1975
297
286
284
1.54
3.50
1.96
1976
293
287
286
0.69
2.09
1.40
1977
291
289
283
6.22
7.30
1.08
1978
310
313
305
8.15
9.55
1.40
1979
334
342
332
10.04
11.42
1.38
' Derived using yearend population figures.
Including soybeans.
The production of miscellaneous grains (including
corn and soybeans) did well in most parts of the nation.
In the northeast early plant growth was delayed in
some areas by cool, wet weather and in other areas by a
spring drought. Although the delayed harvest was
completed before damaging frosts, the unfavorable
weather early in the growing season caused a slight
decline in output in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces.
In the North China Plain, another major coarse grain
area, the weather was more favorable and a good
harvest more than accounted for reduced output in
other areas. In southwest China, drought reduced
output in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces.
Industrial Crops
Most industrial crops showed sizable increases, led by
the production of edible oils which rose to 6.44 million
tons, or 23 percent over 1978 production (see table 4).
Seventeen provinces reported increases over 1978 oil
production, with four posting all-time highs. In Fujian,
Henan, and Shaanxi Provinces production was up
more than 50 percent (see appendix B). Rapeseed,
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which accounts for one-third of China's edible vegeta-
ble oils, rose to a record output level that was 29
percent above 1978 production. Production of peanuts,
sesame seeds, linseed, and sunflower seeds all rose
above 1978. Much of this increase was due to an
estimated 10-percent expansion in sown area for these
five major oil-bearing crops.
Despite a reduced growing area cotton production
increased by 40,000 tons to 2.2 million tons, but output
fell short of the 2.4-million-ton target (see table 5).
Eleven provinces reported increases over 1978 produc-
tion with Jiangsu Province reporting record yields and
output (see appendix C). Jiangsu produced nearly one-
fourth of the nation's output in 1979 on one-ninth of
the over 4 million hectares planted nationwide. Hubei,
the second leading province, also experienced relatively
good weather and accounted for one-fifth of 1979
production.
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Table 2 Table 3
China: 1979 Agricultural Inputs China: Composition of Grains Harvested
Commodity Amount
Increase
Over 1978
(Percent)
Production
Chemical fertilizer ' 10.7 million tons
Nitrogen 8.8 million tons
Phosphate 1.8 million tons
Potash 16,000 tons
Chemical insecticides 537,000 tons
Tractors 126,000 units
Hand tractors 318,000 units
Gunny bags 344 million units
Irrigation pumps 71.2 million horse-
power
22.6
15.5
75.9
-23.8
0.8
10.5
-1.9
18.6
8.6
In use
Tractors 667,000 units
Hand tractors 1.7 million units
Irrigation pumps 71.2 million horse-
power
19.7
21.7
8.6
Chemical fertilizer 109 kilograms per 22.5
hectare
' Based on nutrient content.
Percent
Total harvest
100
Early harvest
38
Summer grains
19
Winter wheat
16
Early rice
17
Spring wheat
2
Late harvest
62
Intermediate rice
15
Late rice
12
Miscellaneous grains 2
35
' Including grain production for 1977, 1978, and preliminary 1979
information. Final breakdown of the 1979 harvest is incomplete.
'Including corn and soybeans; some miscellaneous grain crops are
harvested throughout the year.
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Table 4
China: 1979 Industrial Crops
Table 5 Million Metric Tons
China: Estimated Cotton Production
Million
Metric Tons
Increase
Over 1978
(Percent)
1952
1.3
1957
1.6
1.6
Oil crops
6.44
23.3
1965
2.0
Rapeseed
2.40
28.6
1970
2.2
Peanuts
2.82
18.7
1971
2.1
Sesame
042
29.5
1972
2.6
Sugarcane
21.51
1.9
1973
2.5
Sugar beets
3.10
15.0
1974
2.4
Jute, ambary hemp
1.09
0.1
1975
2.3
Silk cocoons
0.27
18.9
1976
2.0
Tea
0.28
3.4
1977
2.2
Rubber
0.10
2.4
1978
2.2
1979
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Livestock
Production and procurement of pigs and eggs set all-
time records during 1979 and stocks of pigs, sheep and
goats, and large animals increased during the year (see
table 6). Expansion of livestock production during
1979 can be attributed in part to an increased emphasis
on the production of meat and meat byproducts,
including the easing of restrictions on private owner-
ship of livestock and the construction of state livestock
breeding and production centers.
Agricultural Trade: Export Balance
During 1979, China's agricultural imports posted a
growth rate of 33 percent (see table 7). This was the
third straight year of rapid growth. Beijing has decided
to maintain these high levels of agricultural imports
even though they compete with machinery and tech-
nology imports for foreign exchange. The excellent
back-to-back harvests enabled the Chinese to increase
agricultural exports at a rate well above that of recent
years. As a result, the agricultural trade balance
remained in surplus in 1979. The favorable trade
balance has been maintained in part because exports
are of higher unit value items, such as silk, animal
products, and tea, while most imports are lower priced
raw agricultural products.
Imports
Agricultural imports were boosted above the record
level of 1978 by increased imports of grain, cotton, and
soybeans and higher world prices. Vegetable oil and
sugar imports continued at high levels (see table 8).
Even with the dramatic increases in domestic produc-
tion in 1978 and 1979, these imports:
? Allowed the government to maintain grain supplies
in urban centers in north and northeast China
without raising grain procurement above the
1971-75 level.
? Increased textile output.
? Raised or maintained consumption of other agricul-
tural products.
The government will feel considerable domestic pres-
sure to continue these imports.
China imported a record 10.9 million tons of grain in
1979. The record grain imports of 1979 consisted of
2.5 million tons of corn, 8.3 million tons of wheat, and
100,000 tons of barley.
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Table 6
Animal Products
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Live Animals
State Procurement
1979
Yearend
Increase
Over 1978
(Percent)
1979
Increase
Over 1978
(Percent)
Livestock
(million head)
Pigs
319.7
6.1
130
20.0
Sheep and
Goats
183.1
7.8
10.7
11.4
Large Animals
94.6
0.7
1.5
10.3
Eggs (1,000 tons)
835
49.9
Multiyear agreements with Argentina, Canada, and
Australia are being used by China to assure access to
half of China's demand for imported grain through
1981. The agreements call for:
? Argentina to supply 800,000 to 1 million tons of
grain annually through 1981.
? Canada to supply 2.8 to 3.5 million tons annually
through July 1982.
? Australia to supply 7.5 million tons over the three-
year period that ends in 1981.
The United States, which in 1978 became the leading
supplier of grain after a three-year absence from the
Chinese market, supplies the rest of China's needs.
Although the Chinese stated they would purchase 5-6
million tons of grain annually, actual calendar year
imports have been closer to 4 million tons.
China also remained an important importer of several
other raw agricultural commodities. Cotton imports,
for example, have become an important source of raw
materials for the textile industry and now account for
approximately 20 percent of China's cotton supply.
Imports of soybeans in 1979 almost reached the record
level of 1974 because of a large increase in imports
during the fourth quarter of 1979. The source of the
increased demand is not clear, but could reflect a
government effort to increase the availability of
soybean products in urban centers and to allow the ?
export to Japan of premium quality soybeans from
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Table 7
Value of Agricultural Trade'
Million US $
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979'
Total imports, f.o.b.
Of which:
4,625
6,805
6,830
5,580
6,605
10,265
14,740
Agricultural
Of which:
1,565
2,120
1,215
880
1,920
2,320
3,080
Grain
775
1,090
625
300
655
960
1,350
Sugar
125
160
165
185
300
290
245
Oilseeds
60
150
15
5
115
35
145
Natural textile fibers
414
480
240
175
420
665
845
Total exports, f.o.b.
Of which:
5,100
6,730
7,120
7,270
8,075
9,965
13,500
Agricultural
Of which:
2,175
2,585
2,855
2,670
2,785
3,230
4,040
Live animals
135
195
215
230
245
255
305
Meat and fish
335
335
415
430
375
535
NA
Grain
445
715
720
450
395
360
NA
Fruits and vegetables
245
315
360
385
500
565
NA
Tea and spices
NA
100
100
140
180
215
NA
Oilseeds
110
135
140
85
85
90
NA
Natural textile fibers
330
190
250
285
290
400
NA
Crude animal materials
170
185
230
260
335
370
NA
Trade Balance
475
- 75-
290
1,690
1,475
295
-1,240
Agricultural
610
465
1,640
1,790
865
910
960
Nonagricultural
-135
-540
-1,350
-100
610
-1,205
-2,200
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Preliminary estimates for 1979 are based on official trade statistics
and estimated tonnages of imported commodities.
northeast China. The high level of soybean oil and
sugar imports are in keeping with the policies aimed at
raising living standards.
China continued to import small amounts of agricul-
tural machinery in 1979 to test the equipment under
Chinese conditions and to gain access to new tech-
nology. Exchanges of agricultural personnel, another
form of technology transfer, will probably increase in
the future. A Japanese firm is setting up a modern
farm that will reclaim 20,000 hectares of wasteland in
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Heilongjiang Province in exchange for soybeans. The
Chinese probably feel that these compensation trade
agreements are an attractive method of acquiring and
paying for modern technology.
Exports: High Unit Value
Agricultural exports remain an important source of
foreign exchange, although in recent years they have
fallen as a share of total exports. The Chinese export a
small portion of their large rice crop and a wide variety
of other agricultural products, such as fruits and
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Table 8
China: Trade in Agricultural Commodities
Thousand Metric Tons
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 '
Imports
Grain
3,128
4,642
7,642
6,790
3,459
2,061
6,937
9,437
10,855
Cotton
122
237
410
380
164
130
320
508
606
Soybeans
0
2
255
619
36
25
364
109
565
Soybean oil
0
10
58
0
11
13
166
104
104
Sugar
464
749
736
411
313
627
1,676
1,438
1,170
Exports
Rice
924
899
2,142
1,985
1,440
900
800
1,200
1,000
Soybeans
460
370
310
340
330
178
120
100
280
' Preliminary
vegetables, raw silk, tea and spices, seafood, livestock,
and livestock products. Most of these products are
shipped to nearby Asian countries, and most impor-
tantly to Hong Kong.
We estimate China's rice exports at 1 million tons in
1979. This has been the normal level in the past except
for the early 1970s when rice exports were particularly
large. Chinese soybean exports increased to 280,000
tons in 1979, reflecting efforts to increase soybean
exports from the northeastern provinces. Although
above 1976-78 levels, soybean exports were still below
the level of the early 1970s
Outlook
Crops in 1980. Prospects for the 1980 grain harvest are
generally good. The weather, although not as good as
the excellent conditions that prevailed during the 1979
winter crop growing season, has not been severe
enough to cause much damage to the summer grain
crop. The winter wheat area probably declined slightly
as lower yield areas were taken out of cultivation.
Increased acreage of higher yielding early rice should
help offset the decline in the winter wheat area.
Although the size of the agricultural harvest will
depend largely on the weather, a number of factors
controlled by the Chinese will continue to have a
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favorable impact on production. With almost half of
the nation's farmland under some form of irrigation,
China's ability to resist drought is good. Increased
availability of modern inputs also will boost produc-
tion. The use of fertilizer, although not rising as fast as
in 1978 and 1979, should increase by at least 1 million
tons nutrient weight. The use of other agricultural
chemicals and improved seeds also will rise. New
agricultural policies are providing a positive economic
atmosphere that should improve field management.
Finally, the encouragement of private activities and
procurement price increases should help raise livestock
and sideline products production while specialization
will aid industrial crop production.
Trade in 1980. Agricultural trade during 1980
probably will show an increase over 1979. Grain
imports are projected at 11 million tons, with over 6
million tons already having been purchased (see
figure 1). The 40,000-ton increase in domestic cotton
production during 1979 will not meet the rising needs
of the textile industry and cotton imports could reach a
record 1 million tons in 1980. The fourth-quarter surge
in soybean imports carried over into 1980 and points to
record level imports. Sugar and vegetable oil imports
should remain near their 1979 level. Agricultural
exports should expand at rates below the 1979 increase
and below the total export growth rate in 1980.
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Increases in agricultural exports will be hampered by
limited international markets and increasing domestic
demand.
Long-Term Prospects. The rapid output increases of
1978 and 1979 are unlikely to be repeated in the next
few years. Fertilizer supplies will not increase as
rapidly as during the 1977-79 period because China
has neither purchased new large foreign fertilizer
plants nor constructed new large domestically designed
plants.' Increases in irrigated areas also will be slow
and expensive. The new agricultural policies should
increase incentives for production and lead to greater
efficiency in allocation of resources, but will not raise
output of major crops substantially unless more means
of production are provided. It is, therefore, not
surprising that Xu Dixin, a leading Chinese econouli_
recentl antiganolLthatli_g_s_e oal of rqducing-400,
million tons of grain in 1985 had been ushed back to
1,229,jhe revised goal, which will require an annual
increase of 1.7 percent, is well within the nation's
grasp.
'During 1977-79, the growth rate was boosted by the coming on
stream of 13 large plants purchased in 1972.
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China: Imports of Grain by Source
Million Metric Tons
United States
CI Other
CI Argentina
El Australia
CI Canada
4.7
0.5
0.3
2.0
1.9
3.1
0.1
3.0
4.6
0.9
3.7
7.6
4.3
0.1
08
2.4
6.8
2.8
0.2
0.7
1.3
1.8
3.5
0.2
1.4
1.9
2.0
0.1
0.9
1.0
6.9
0.8
3.0
3.1
9.4
3.3
0.2
0.2
2.4
3.3
10.9 11.0
4.5
4.0
0.2
0.9
3.1
2.7
1966- 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 801
70
Annual Average
1 projected.
0.5
0.5
3.0
2.5
582135 5-80 CIA
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China: 1979 Grain Harvest
Figure 2
Record harvest*
Harvest increase
Harvest decline
*Provincial claims indicate
record output in 14 provinces in
1979, although a national claim
stated records were obtained in
only 11 provinces.
Hong Kong (U.K)
Macao
(Port.)
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Appendix A
China: 1979 Grain Production, by Province
Provincial Level Unit Reported Output
Source
National
Record, up 27.3 million tons to 332.115 million FBIS, 30 April 1980, p. L3
tons
Anhui
Record, up 1.2 million tons to 16 million tons FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. L19
FBIS, 3 January 1980, p. 03
Beijing
Down 6 percent to 1.7 million tons FBIS, 14 December 1979, p. RI
Fujian
Record, up 4.35 percent FBIS, 2 February 1979, p. GI
People's Daily, 30 December 1979
Gansu
Decline FBIS, 6 December 1979, p. T1
Guangdong
Up 750,000 tons to 17 million tons FBIS, 20 December 1979, p. U2
Guangxi
Record, up 8 percent FBIS, 2 April 1980, p. P4
Guizhou
Decline FBIS, 17 January 1980, p. Q2
Hebei
Record, up 200,000 tons to over 17 million tons FBIS, 4 January 1980, p. R8
Heilongjiang
Down 500,000 tons to 14.5 million tons FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. SI
FBIS, 25 January 1980, p. SI
Henan
Up 5 percent People's Daily, 30 December 1979
Hubei
Hunan
Record, up 750,000 tons to over 18 million tons FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. PI-P2
Record, up 6.3 percent
Jiangsu
Jiangxi
Record, up 1.25 million tons to 24 million tons
Record, up 1.5 million tons to 12.4 million tons
FBIS 14 August 1979, p. P13
SWB, FE/W1078/A/6, 16 April 1980
FBIS, 18 December 1979, p.01
FBIS, 9 January 1980, p. 05
FBIS, 19 March 1980, p. 04
Jilin Down to 9 million tons
FBIS, 20 February 1980, p. S7
Liaoning
Down to 10.1 million tons FBIS, 2 April 1980, p. S8
Nei Monggol
Up to 5 million tons FBIS, 27 December 1979, p. R6
Shaanxi
Record, up 6.2 percent to 8.5 million tons FBIS, 17 December 1979, p. Ti
FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. T2
Shandong
Record, up 550,000 tons to 23 million tons FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. L19
Shanghai
"Close to 1978 level" Jiefang Ribao, 31 December 1979
Shanxi
Sichuan
Up 8 percent
Record, up 1 million tons to 32 million tons
SWB, FE/W1078/A/6,16 April 1980
FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. L19
FBIS, 8 April 1980, p. Q3
Tianjin
Record, up by more than 10 percent to over FBIS, 9 January 1980, p. R4
1.3 million tons
FBIS, 13 February 1980, p. R4
Xinjiang
Record, up 4.8 percent to 2.6 million tons FBIS, 25 January 1979, p. M3
FBIS, 10 April 1980, p. T2
Xizang
Yunnan
Zhejiang
Down by a large margin
Decline
Record, up 800,000 tons to over 15 million tons
FBIS, 4 December 1979, p. Q2
SWB, FE/W1071/A/7, 27 February 1980
FBIS, 20 December 1979, p. 012
SWB, FE/W1072/A/14, 5 March 1980
0
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Appendix B
China: 1979 Oilseed Production, by Province
Provincial Level Unit Reported Output
Source
National
Up 1.22 million tons to 6.435 million tons FBIS, 30 April 1980, p. L3.
Anhui Record, up 82,000 tons to 432,000 tons FBIS, 27 December 1979, p. 04
FBIS, 18 January 1980, p. 04
FBIS, 9 November 1979, p.01
Fujian
Up 57 percent People's Daily, 30 December 1979
Guangdong
Record, up 8 percent JPRS, 75126, 13 February 1980, p. 16
SWB, FE/W1072/A/8, 5 March 1980
Guangxi
Up 30 percent FBIS, 14 September 1979, p. 05
Hebei
Up 23 percent FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. R1
Heilongjiang
Henan
Up to 45,000 tons SWB, FE/W1072/A/9, 5 March 1980
Up 60 percent to 385,000 tons
FBIS, 28 January 1980, p. P2
SWB, FE/W1072/A/10, 5 March 1980
Hubei
Record, up 58,000 tons to 295,000 tons FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. P2
JPRS, 74971, 21 January 1980, p. 57
Jiangsu
Jiangxi
Record, up 16.5 percent or more than 500 tons JPRS, 75126, 13 February 1980, p. 28
Up 20 percent FBIS, 9 January 1980, p. 05
Liaoning Increase
FBIS, 20 November 1979, p. S4
Nei Monggol
Up 42 percent to 185,000 tons FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. R2
Shaanxi
Up 57 percent to 88,500 tons FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. T2
Shandong
Peanut production up 100,000 tons FBIS, 19 December 1979, p. 011
Shanxi
Sichuan
Up 45.4 percent
Up 11.4 percent
SWB, FE/W1078/A/6, 16 April 1980
FBIS, 8 April 1980, p. Q3
Tianjin
Xinjiang
Up to over 13,000 tons
JPRS, 75186, 22 February 1980, p. 34
Up 35 percent to 98.4 thousand tons FBIS, 10 April 1980, p. T2
Zhejiang
Record rapeseed
FBIS, 20 December 1979, p. 012
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RAMIIILIal
Appendix C
China: 1979 Cotton Production, by Province
Provincial Level Unit
Reported Output Source
National
Up 40,000 tons to 2.207 million tons FBIS, 9 April 1980, p. Li
Fujian
Up 57 percent People's Daily, 30 December 1979
Hebei Up 8 percent FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. R1
Henan Equal to 1978, but 8-percent increase in yields People's Daily, 30 December 1979
Hubei
Up 85,000 tons to 450,000 tons Xinhua, 22 December 1979, p. 3
FBIS, 16 January 1980, p. P2
Hunan
Up 26 percent FBIS, 10 April 1980, p. P3
Jiangsu
Record, up 40,000 tons to 500,000 tons People's Daily, 25 December 1979
Jiangxi Up 25 percent
FBIS, 9 January 1980, p. 05
Liaoning Increase
FBIS, 20 November 1979, p. S4
Shaanxi
Up to 106,500 tons
FBIS, 28 December 1979, p. T2
Shandong
Up 6,000 tons to 160,000 tons
FBIS, 19 December 1979, p. 011
FBIS, 8 January 1980, p. 08
Sichuan
Up 30 percent over 1976
FBIS, 4 January 1980, p. 01
Xinjiang
Record, up 28 percent FBIS, 11 January 1980, p. T3
Zhejiang
Decline
FBIS, 18 December 1979,9. 08
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Confidential
Appendix D
Production of Selected Agricultural Products
Amount
Percent Increase'
1957
1977
1978
1979
Average
Annual
Increase from
1957 to 1977
Increase
from
1977 to
1978
Increase
from
1978 to
1979
Grain (million metric tons)
191.0
282.8
304.8
332.1
2.0
7.8
9.0
Cotton (million metric tons)
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.2
1.2
5.8
1.8
Oil-bearing crops (million metric tons)
3.82
4.0
5.2
6.4
0.3
30.0
23.3
Sugarcane (million metric tons)
10.4
17.8
21.1
21.5
2.7
18.9
1.9
Sugar beets (million metric tons)
1.5
2.5
2.7
3.1
2.5
10.0
15.0
Jute, ambary, hemp (million metric tons)
0.5
0.9
1.1
1.1
2.8
26.4
0.1
Silk cocoons (thousand metric tons)
112.5
216.0
228.0
271.0
3.3
5.6
18.9
Tea (thousand metric tons)
111.5
252.0
268.0
277.0
4.2
6.3
3.4
Aquatic products (million metric tons)
3.1
4.7
4.7
4.3
2.1
-0.9
-7.5
Hogs (million head at yearend)
127.8
291.8
301.3
319.7
4.2
3.3
6.1
Sheep and goats (million head at yearend)
98.6
161.4
169.9
183.1
2.5
5.3
7.8
Large animals (million head at yearend)
83.5
93.8
93.9
94.6
0.6
0.1
0.7
Population 3 (million persons at yearend)
649.3
994.8
1,010.1
1,024.9
2.2
1.5
1.5
' Based on unrounded numbers.
'Includes peanuts, sesame, and rapeseed only.
'Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Foreign
Demographic Analysis Division.
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