SOUTHEAST ASIA COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITY (SEACA)(SANITIZED)1951 - 1964

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00499R000800100004-4
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• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 17, 2012
• Sequence Number: 4
• Content Type: PAPER

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CS Historical Paper
34
No.
CLANDESTINE SERVICES
HISTORY
(TITLE OF PAPER)
SOUTHEAST ASIA COMMUNICATIONS
ACTIVITY (SEACA) AND ITS
(PERIOD)
1951 - 1964
DO NOT DESTROY
Controlled by 0/Communications
Date prepared ?
Written by
RET
1964
et al.
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CS Historical Paper
No, 34
SOUTHEAST ASIA COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITY (SEACA)
1951 a1964
Controlled by: Office of
Communications
Date prepared: 1964
Written by :
et al.
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A. INTRODUCTION
0- - kJ- 13.
Noe vale
1
Table of Contents
1.
Early Days of SEACA
1
2.
First Communications Support of Clandestine
Activity
2
..?????
3.
Developments in SEACA after 1955 . . . . . ?
3
4.
Laying of Foundations for SEACA's Great
Expansion
4
5.
Acceleration of Growth of SEACA Begun
in 1955 to 1957 ? 0 ? ?
4
B.
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6. Office of Communications' Largest and
Most Active Area
DEVELOPMENTS LIMIER SEAGA'S FIRST CHIEF.
1951-1953 . . . Goo
Initial Efforts towards Establishment of
SEACA. ? . '. ? ..... 40 'I) 0 ? 4 0
C. ' CONTINUED GROWTH OF SEACA 953-1955
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. ? ? le
. Reopening of a Wireless Communications
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Opening of a CW Station
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4.
5. Personnel Statistics
D. SEACA'S RAPID EXPANSION -- 1955-1957
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1. Emergence of Difficulties and Problems
in Mid-1955 15 ?
2. Problems Leading to Recommendation to
Move Station Facilities
I ? 0 0 0 ? 0
. Problems in Transporting Communications
Equipment
4. Gradual Improvement in Supply Situation. . .
5. Transportation Problems ... ... ? .
vki. Extent of Operations in Mid-1955 r.
7. Personnel, Housing, and Morale . .
(, 8.
. ...
12. Office of Communications' Responsibility in
Training of Agents
13., Summary Statements
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SEACA
1951 - 1964
A. INTRODUCTION
The Agency's first communications support of
was furnished in late 1950 in the form of a single radio circuit
Base, although general commu-
betweer
nications support of Southeast Asia was not inaugurated formally
until early 1951. In February 1951
arrive( and assumed his duties as the first chief of the
Southeast Asia Communications Activity (SEACA).
tour of duty, as indicated in his report, was devoted to planning
and developing a staff communications network connecting the key
cities of Southeast Asia with the first base station established in
radio circuits were among
the most active and most important because of the rapidly deterio-
rating situation
Increasing U. S. interest in that area.
1. Early Days of SEACA
Very little clandestine communications support was provided
during these early days of SEACA and the service provided remained
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primarily a staff communications service handling Agency,
In March 1953,
to assume duties as Chief,
following month. During
arrived
SEACA, succeeding
the
SEACA
of duty, the
tour
staff was gradually enlarged
and the communications
service was
extended. Early in 1953 communications
equipment was stored in
against a day
when service would be
251
inaugurated from those principal
cities
25X1 By late 1954 both
actively entered the
25X11 SEACA network.
Communications were established
with
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2.
First Communications Support of Clandestine Activity
253
During
tour of duty, most of which was in
253 support of the
Agency
, we saw the first communi-
cations support of clandestine
activity and
the inauguration of an
emergency
communications network encompassing all the above
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3. Developments in SEAGA after 1955
4s succeeded by
arrived
in June 1955. When
who
took over in
mid-1955, the SEACA staff consisted of a chief, a deputy chief, a
secretary, a junior operations officer, a junior engineering officer,
and two security officers. The base station was manned by approxi-
mately
radio operators at the receiving site with
echnicians
serVing at the transmitter site and doubling as repairmen (base
station and area) as well as supply and warehousemen. The tempo
of activity and the attendant traffic load zoomed upward, and it
became obvious that SEAGA would soon be one of the busiest, if not
the most active, communications activities in the world. Crises
occurred throughout the area and no country in the area escaped.
Strangely enough, despite its occasional flare ups, such as the wars
of the religious sects enjoyed a period of relative stability
from 1955 to 1957. There was considerable operational activity,
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but from the communications standpoint, it could not compare at
this time to the activity elsewhere in the area.
4. ? Laying of Foundations for SEACA's Great Expansion
The period 1955 to 1957 was one of transition. Recognizing
the explosive political situation in the area, thg SEACA staff
concentrated on plans to prepare communications facilities and
augment the various communications station staffs to meet the ever-
increasing workload. The site for the existing major relay station
which services all of Southeast Asia, was
found after an exhaustive search of available sites in the area.
Plana were made, agreements drawn up, and Headquarters approval
requested during this period. By the close of
tour,
SEACA had a full headquarters complement, complete with senior
operations, security, engineering, supply, and administrative
officers. The foundations had been laid for the great expansion period
which was to follow from 1958 until 1964.
5, Acceleration of Growth of SEACA Begun in 1955 to 1957
arrived
in June 1957 and
assumed the duties of Chief, SEACA, at the end of that month. He
was to serve in this capacity for four years. The growth which
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began during the 1955-1957 period accelerated during Mr.
tenure. Although support of
operations
was dwarfed by SEACA's support elsewhere, the training of
in particular was an extensive effort during
this period. By 1961 several active operations requiring communi-
cations support had been mounted and were in full swing. Early in
1959, the SEACA base facility was moved into its new modern
, and the move came none too soon.
plant at
Traffic volume had soared. Operational activity in the area was?
at an all-time high and the old facility was about to be
inundated by a traffic load with which it could cope no longer.
Gradually the
in support of
relay station
circuits, both staff and clandestine, including those
activity, were put under control of the
A new era in rapid, secure communications
had begun, but the volume continued to increase until even the new
facility
proved inadequate. Plans were drawn to expand
the new facility almost before the concrete had hardened.
6. Office of Communications' Largest and Most Active Area
When
arrived on the scene to take over
in July 1961, he assumed command of the
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Office of Communications' (0C) largest and most active area.,
The old SEACA hands, who had founded the facilities of the area
and then arrived year by year to plan and work on an ever-
expanding activity, would scarcely recognize their old area, from
2511 its shining new headquarters office building
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to its many new facilities in the field, including newly engineered
facilities at all the stations in what used
rho area now stretched from
by
The observation made
that "In a constant crisis station such
we
? too frequently find ourselves involved in excessive TDY over an
extended period of time to support an abnormal situation which
becomes normal." This complaint is echoed by his predecessors
and underscores the aptness of the old saying often mentioned to old
SEACA hands
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? B. DEVELOPMENTS UNDER SEAGA'S FIRST CHIEF,
1951-1953
I. Initial Efforts towards Establishment of SEAGA
In 1950, discussions were held with representatives of the
concerning the necessity for
and the feasibility of establishing a radio network in Southeast Asia.
In the fall of 1950, it was generally agreed that a radio network,
patterned after the Middle East Communications Activity, would
be created in Southeast Asia with headquarters
Plans were made, personnel and equipment were selected. Before
personnel and equipment could be moved to the field, however, an
urgent requirement arose to provide a U.S. Government radio
was selected for this
circuil
assignment.
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He took
with him the necessary communications equipment, including
receivers and transmitters, in order to establish a radio circuit.
communications operations
At the same time,
officer, was sent to
borrowec
equipment 'and established a radio circuit with
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Beginning in December 1950, additional
personnel and equipment were flown to
small radio base station was established ir
A manual radio circuit
months until the
and a
was operated for about three
opened a relatively large radio teletype station in the outskirts of .
Because of this, coupled with the political situation, Mr.
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and his equipment were moved
lished a manual radio circuit to
2. 11.2.
The
where he estab-
radio base.
Radio Circuit
circuit was a very dependable, high
quality wireless communications (CW) circuit. The Agency radio
stations provided a transmission facility
Agent radio
, gear, ciphers, and procedure documents were shipped
in 1952. (However,
vl,ras of the opinion that
these sets were not used operationally.) Radiophones had been
installed
in December 1950, but these voice
circuits were never completely satisfactory, primarily because of
the quality of the receiver component. However, they were availa-
ble for
purposes.
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C.. CONTINUED GROWTH OF SEACA -- 1953-1955 .
1. Reopening of a Wireless Communications Station
In. March 1953, SEACA had an active CW station at the
working into th
base station. The station
was manned by a communications technician/cryptography/radio
(CT / C/R).
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Radio backup equipment was stored
Headquarters staff numbere
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Five RS-1
the northern
The SEACA
persons assigned as follows:
Two projects had been activated.
packed by the SEACA staff, were in or
Twenty RSK
agent sets obtained
from the Asian Communications Activity (ASCA) and supporting
equipment were shipped
During the remainder of 1953, operations accounted for
or use with a parallel operation.
approximately 80% of SEACA's operational activity. In October
1953, a CW station was again activatO
TDY from
It was manned by a CT/R assigned
as was the station
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2. Opening of a CW Station
In January 1954, packaged
CW stations were shipped to
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At the same time,
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CT/R's were processed
stand-by status. A PCS
for TDY to these posts and
placed in a
CT/R arrived in
3
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le5.
February. The SEAGA base transmitting and receiving facilities
were improved and enlarged during the period January through
?-
April. At the same time, the increased signal planning activity
required that the photo lab be tripled in size.
By May 1954, the tempo of activity
increased greatly. The
,..]
had
CW station,had been activated
part time. An additional CT/R was assigned TDY
CW link was activated. The
lateral
ase
A
station began to operate 24-hours a day. SEACA's traffic for May
totaled 730,000 groups, an increase of 100% over the previous
May. The base was working/monitoring several agent plans in
addition to test training, and broadcast schedules.
and a second packet station were prepared and
The TDY support given the area,
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and increased activity at the base station, required the assignment
of four TDY CT/R's to the base station. These men were supplied
by ASC.A.
The period from June through August 1954 was charac-
terized by a steady increase in activity
A number of
agents were equipped and mounted. Even larger numbers were
being trained. Equipment to augment the field radio stations was
shipped and installed. In addition to the normal emergency communi?
cations plan for each station, Mackay voice transceivers had been
installed
use if air evacuation became necessary. All military or agency
25X14 attributable radio equipment
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NN/as replaced with commercial
?units. In addition, all sensitive Commo, FE, and PM material
'was removed from the station.
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In October 1954, a package CW station was activated in
It was initially staffed by
period, additional RS- 1
shippec
the enlargement of the
was laid out in the
CT/R's. During this
were prepared and
The increasing operational activity required
communications station. A station
then under construction.
within the area. In September, the SEACA traffic totaled
1, 028, 000 groups.
total of 231,000 groups equalled that
of`the entire area 20 months earlier. In November the
station opened with a group count of 6, 500 for the first month.
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The year ended in a flurry of training, signal planning, and
preparations
radio operators for duty ir
4. Domination of Indo-China Staff and Agent Communications
operation was to furnish
By January 1955, the
staff and agent communi-
cations dominated the base station. The normal weekend and Sunday
lulls in traffic had disappeared.
traffic reached
? 85,000 groups (outgoing) and a second CT/R and teletype equip-
was serviced
stations
ment were sent in. A package statior
by a TDY operator wheri necessary. Each of
and the base had been enlarged at least once in the previous year.
It was necessary to again enlarge the base transmitter facility by
50%. This was completed in March.
personnel were on TDY
(W/T's) were being trained
Seven CT/R's and training
Agent wireless technicians
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emphasis was then transferrec
been opened in April full time.
were sent
The operational
its CW station having
Additional CT/R's and equipment
in June after the May traffic had totaled
106,000 groups. July traffic for the area was 1,350,000 groups;
about half concerned
5. Personnel Statistics
In July 1955, SEACA Headquarters staff numbere
augmented by one to two TDY CT/R's.
spent approximately seven man years TDY
staff personnel had
during
1953 and 1955; Headquarters communications personnel had spent
approximately two and a half man years TDY
and
ASCA and Headquarters personnel had spent approximately four
?
?
man years TDY at SEACA Headquarters.
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D. SEACA'S RAPID EXPANSION - 1955 TO 1957
25X1 (SEAGA. CHIEF,
1. Emergence of Difficulties and Problems in Mid-1955
In June 1955, SEACA's responsibility was to provide
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communications support
was staffed by about
As mentioned above, SEACA Headquarters
people: ocated in the
an T/R's an CT/C's in the
the
and the signal center.
: of
where they manned the radio receivers
The HT-4, 300-watt transmitters were located at the
receiving location
They were controlled from the
via landlines leased from the
In these early days, operations
were constantly plagued by breakdowns. The transmitters were
located in a quonset hut; temperature and humidity were constant
enemies. These were the days, prior to the use of air conditioning
throughout Southeast Asia, when temperatures exceeding 1200
with humidities in the 90% range caused innumerable breakdowns?
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Landline control circuits were another source of worry, shorting
out whenever there was a heavy rainfall. Antenna facilities were
extremely restricted. Nine radio circuits were being operated
throughout Southeast Asia with antennas limited to about a 200 foot
square area.
2. Problems Leading to Recommendation to Move Station
Facilities
The fact that transmitting facilities were located in a
became of increasing concern
xnd the
increasing probability of interference with this service: These
factors coupled with the rapid growth of communications require-
ments within the area, led to the preparation of a staff study in
July 1956 recommending that the station facilities, both trans-
This
, =lifting and receiving, be moved
recommendation was approved by Headquarters and construction
of the new facility was begun in January 1959.
"
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3. Problems in Transporting Communications Equipment
Transportation of communications supplies to support
others in the area was a continuing problem.
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The "supply" facility
253 half of the
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consisted originally of about one
quonset housing the transmitters. With no
career supply officer or assistant available, one of the technical
personnel had to be assigned to handle these duties. ' As a result,
the supply system was conducted on a hand-to-mouth basis. Area
supplies were obtained primarily from Headquarters with an
occasional assist from ASCA. While efforts were made to antici-
pate area requirements, more often than not these efforts failed
and it became necessary to "make do" by substituting or modifying
equipment that was available. Small parts, pouched
channel, arrived within four or five days. When a
major item of equipment was involved, however, such as an HT-4
transmitter, it had to be shipped by sea and usually required a
minimum of three to four weeks, if all went well. In consequence,
even when there was a major breakdown of equipment
an
electronic technician with repair parts was sent in the hope that he
Could make the repair and bring about a resumption of operations to
last until the spare Unitarrived quite a while later.
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4. Gradual Improvements M Supply Situation
During 1956 the problems of supply were gradually being
solved: Headquarters assigned a supply officer to SEACA; stock
control records were established; and ordering supplies from Head-
quarters and ASCA was accomplished in a planned manner. With
the inception of financial property accounting (FPA) procedures in
the middle of 1957, SEACA supply became an orderly and efficient
operation.
. 5. Transportation Problems
Intra-area transportation problems had improved very
little during this period and were still a cause of concern. Senior
'about eight to nine times a year.
SEACA personnel
It was difficult to make a complete tour of SEACA sub-base stations
because of the transportation problems. A complete tour required
over three weeks on the road, spending the minimum possible time
at each of the stations. As a consequence, senior personnel
usually visited a few stations per trip, quite often at the request of
the Chief of Station (COS), to aid in some common problem or
crisis. On one ocCasion it was necessary to summarily, relieve one
of our operators
and fly out a relief man from
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6.
Extent of Operations in Mid-1955
In mid-1955 SEACA operated a CW, Morse circuit to
as well as CW circuits to
at this time, was being serviced by
quarters
were couriered to
Cables frorr
or transmission to
Liaison operators were supplied from ASCA Head-
In the latter part of
19559 SEACA's first radioteletype circuit was established between
The receiving
end of the circuit
This
and transmitting facilities at the
were leased from
circuit supplanted use of
The only direct circuit to the "outside world" was an
unclassified teletype circuit via landline, backed up by VHF radio,
There it entered the
for HF radio transmission
to Agency Headquarters in Washington. In addition to these
"active" circuits, CW
stations were installed in certain
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3
hensitive countries
In this case,
although it required about seven days to get an answer to a
message filed via commercial facilities regardless of priority,
the v?ras not permitted to be operated except for short
test periods for reasons of security.
7. Personnel, Housing, and Morale
The personnel situation in SEAGA during this period
was most interesting. With the exception
to the
complex.
married personnel were assigned only,,
and the other sub-base stations,,
were manned by a combination of
Angle CT/R,
CT/C's. Living conditions and housing varied from good in
to very poor in the majority
shared an old
of the sub-bases. In 1955 the operators
house but by 1957 they had moved into fairly modern private
apartments. Probably the worst conditions existec
liere the operators actually lived in a bush house and used
a 5-KW generator for light and Cooking. Under these conditions,
field, personnel *ere prone to sickness which all too often required
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medical evacuation to
or elsewhere for
treatment. When this occurred a relief operator had to be sent
out TDY and while the original estimate might
have been for 15 to 20 days, it most often extended from 45 to
60 days. These extended TDY's resulted in many comments by
the wives left behind comments which were not often
complimentary. Nevertheless, morale remained surprisingly
high and the training and experience gained by the personnel
proved to be invaluable in later years. Many of these people were
to form the nucleus of experienced personnel so necessary to the
expansion in the coming years of the communications facilities
throughout the world.
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9. Space ProblemE
In mid-1955
communications station, CW
Radio and Signal Center, was located in a small room on the
main radio transmitter, an HT-4, was located
25)L11
25)4
3
around the corner and controlled from
The
by a
landline cable strung along the sides of buildings where it was
exposed and subject to sabotage and breakdown. The transmitter
itself was located in a broom closet where it repeatedly broke
down because of the excessive heat. As a consequence, the low-
powered RT-1B alternate transmitter located
often used.
was
Emergency power was provided by two small gasoline
generators, one at each location. The radio circuit
operated about 1Z hours during week-days and as many hours as
necessary to handle all traffic on Saturdays and Sundays. A long
25X1
struggle ensued 'embracing many discussions with
3
3
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0 M., '" " ZS." Ms
NES,'
in an effort to get additional space in the
proper for the HT-4 transmitter. Operators were
handling
called upon to handle
but often were
since these circuits were
unreliable. The process of handling classified messages by CW
was very tedious and time consuming.
10. Increase in Message Volume and New Equipment for
By the middle of 1956, radio teletype equipment was
253 becoming available in SEACA and
253
1
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3
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ILLEGIB
message volume had
increased to the point where it could no longer be handled by CW.
As a result ,icras scheduled to receive the new equipment
at this time. Space for the equipment was still at a premium and
after more discussion with the
? the operating
room was enlarged to accommodate the new teletype and one-time-
tape (OTT) encrypting equipment. Space for the two HT-4 trans-
so they were
mitters could not be found
installed in the elevator machinery penthouse on the roof. An
emergency power generator was installed adjacent to the elevator
.shaft in the patio.
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11. Installation of Communications Equipment in the
In late 1956, the
had increased its staff
to the point where it was necessary to set up a CW circuit using
RT-1B transmitters and the old OTT encrypting system between
The encryption and CW trans-
25,1
3
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12. Office of Communications' Responsibility in Training of
Agents
Prior to 1950 all communications training in the Far
was conducted according
to individual station needs on site. While this method of training
East for agente
was satisfactory for a limited number of agents, it did have its
drawbacks, especially from the security point of view. By the
it was deemed advisable to establish a centralized Agency training
site.
.was selected for this purpose. The Office of Communi-
cations/ASCA 'was given the responsibility of:
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a. Developing a training facility and course
of instruction to meet the stated objectives
of providing students with techniques and
skills necessary to succeed as clandestine
communications operators.
Establishing a secure staff communications
facility
to provide an outlet to
. other Agency stations through the ASCA
relay station
The basic course was established at 14 weeks and included:
-sending and receiving Morse code, radio operating procedures,
clandestine radio equipment operation and field maintenance, use
of signal plans and cryptographic systems, and personal and communi-
cations security. Tradecraft, while not a part of the basic course,
was often an added item. The instruction was divided into three
parts: classroom, reduced distance training during field exercises
followed by graduate exercises involving long distance
training in which OC base stations
partici-
pated.
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station as
. was assigned to
training officer around the latter part of
1955 and handled clandestine training requirements
prior to the establishment
as a training base. Specific
projects in support of clandestine training
were:
25X1 (The original training of this agent was done by
during 1956.
)avj25X1
mastered the Morse code and learned
to operate the RS-6 agent radio set, Morris set up a training
circuit between his apartment and the safe house. Later on, as
a more realistic training circuit was
established between the safe house and the SEACA base station in
Additional training was provided for this agent
251
during the period May/August 1957.)
'
b? To assist the
station in develop-.
ment of U/W
of the military
assets to
in time
be used
of hot
in support
war.
25)(1
(The initial tirafiling Under this project was done
in early'
1957 and was limited to.the Chief and Deputy Chief
of this
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Later
U/W organizers
received the complete course. They were followed b
operators.)
To train
agents in the skills
necessary to enable them to act as
covert WIT operators in support of the
military in a hot war situation and to
enable them to operate under varying
terrain conditions from urban-delta to
mountainous-remote.
(This project was established in the latter part of 1957 and was
radio
essentially a continuation of the
group of
trained a
operators in Morse code in
during the latter part of 1958 and then accompanied them
for additional training in February 1959. This group
1 June 1959. Another
completed training and returned
group o students graduated 20 April 1960.)
13. Summary Comments by
The two years I spent as Chief, SEACA, from mid-1955
to mid4957 were stirhulating, challenging and instructive. This
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was the period when we had a foothold on providing communications
throughout the vast Southeast Asia (SEA) region. We had the
opportunity not only to improve the existing facilities and services,
but to lay the groundwork for the expansion that was bound to follow.
Even in those days, we were never sure how long we would retain
control over some of our sub-base stations.
In the beginning we had to rely on the slow OTT,
encryption system and the slow CW circuits between our sub-bases
We grew, along with the
25X1 and base statior
25X1
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throughout the area and improved both the speed and reli-
ability of our circuits to meet the increasing volume and importance
of the cables we were required to handle. We saw the communi-
cations supply facility progress from a hit-or-miss type
operation, to a smoothly running, well managed section. We saw
plans made and approved for the expansion and modernization of
our base station
Most important of all, we saw
? improved relations and teamwork between ourselves
colleagues. We had a
continuing struggle to 'obtain operating space in the various
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Upgrading of Facilities
Concurrently with these clandestine activities, SEACA
in the period 1957-1961, gave continuing attention to upgrading the
OC facilities
radio installations and
t
emergency power facilities were improved and expanded. The
emergency voice network saw the single-
sideband SSB-1 equipment installed to replace the venerable
Mackay equipment.
the local VHF voice emergency
network was similarly improved. Every effort was made to stay
ahead of or at least abreast of, increasing commo staff, training
and operational workloads.
itself did not always
have full appreciation of the impact of its planning and operations
upon communications, and consequently considerable TDY
assistance to was a continuing routine. A
during
sizeable close supporrteam was added to
this period also.
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5. Base Station Support
There are two basic sub-categories involved here:
(1) OC base station support and (2)
base station support.
Generally the more sensitive, difficult, sophisticated and usually
long-range base support is provided by an OC installation.
base support is characterized by less sophisticated but
. far greater in number CW circuits in support of para-military ?
activities,. Theie is0 of course, a proper place for both types of
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support and OC has successfully rendered to Caesar that which
is Caesar's in these matters. As the record will reflect, OC
can point with considerable pride to the astounding number of
OTT groups handled by low-powered, inexpensive, and very
simply configured
At its heighth, the
cornmuni-
cations base was handling over 300,000 groups of OTT traffic
monthly in support of approximately
OC is
proud of this base contribution and recalls that two years
ago, it was faced with having a number of small bases supporting
a handful of field teams or consolidating in one reasonably decent
The decision to
facility
consolidate at that time has proven valid many times since. OC
has provided better communications support at less expense and
with fewer people than would ever have been possible with
several smaller stations. Also, it is obvious that the built-in
limitations of the OC staff would not have permitted the main.:
25X1 tainance of even a modicum of supervision over several
. base set-ups.
So long as the Agency participates in fairly large
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scale para-military type programs, OC will have a requirement
6. Staff Communications
In a constant crisis situation the Agency too often finds
itself involved in excessive TDY over an extended period of time
to support an abnormal situation which becomes normal. In
other words, it is necessary to staff fully any communications
station supporting high volumes of critically important traffic
on a continuing basis. This has been the story
and ?
luckily, in fact, SEAGA built up its staff and retained it at a
higher than normal level during the past two years. On the other
hand, SEACA failed to staff fully
at the
same time with the result that there has been at least one man
year of TDY help
for over two years.
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3
G. REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
257.1 1. Debriefing Report --
AI
21 January 1964
25/1
2. Debriefing Report --
25)71
31 January 1964
3. Debriefing Report --
7 February 1964
25X1 4. Debriefing Report --
7 February 1964
25X1
ILLEGIB
. Debriefing Report -
February 1964
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