OSA HISTORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90B00184R000100010008-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 19, 2012
• Sequence Number: 8
• Content Type: MISC

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OSA
HISTORY
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U ? 2
. PROGRAM
"AOUATONE"
"CHAL ICE"
" IDEAL 1ST"
'TO SECRET
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I.' Origin
A.
Technological Capabilities
Panel (Land Panel)
1. 1954
a. Conducted Study to determine means of providing
early warning of Soviet intentions.
2. 5 November 1954
a. Submitted to CIA a proposal for Photo-Recon
flights over USSR.
B. Agreements
1, CIA-USAF-19 November 1954
a. Verbal agreement to pursue Project jointly
2. Project "OILSTONE"
a. Agreement signed on 2 August 1954 by Mr. Allen Dulles
and General Nathan Twining confirming 19 November
agreement.
3. White House
a. On 24 November 54,
Project subject to
b. Gen. Cabell, DDCI,
C. Project Staff
1. Program Management
a. Subsequent to White House uproval,
Mr. Allen Dulles appointecOMr. R. M.
as Director, U-2 Program.
President Eisenhower approved
Sec-Def "Final Look"
recorded event for agency.
Bissell, Sr.,
Mr. H. I. Miller was appointed to assist
Mr. Bissell.
-VMr. Richard Bissell - Special Assistant to the Director for
,Planning & Coordination
-3(Mr. Herbert Miller - Nuclear Energy Division-
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JOP. SECRET
2.. Milestones
a. First project staff meeting - 11 December 1954
b. ,Project outline completed on 7 January 55 &
approved by Director on 10 January 55.
c. First Project Tb O was approved on 28 April 55.
3. Deputy Project Directors
a. Col. O. J. Ritland - USAF
1 Sept 55 -to- 1 April 56
b. Col. J. A. Gibbs - USAF
1 April 56 -to- 1 June 58
c. Col. Wm Burke - USAF
Appointed - 1 June 58
4. Organization Evolution
a. April 1958, Project Staff re-designated -
Development Projects Staff (DPS)
b. April 1958, Mr. Bissell's title changed to
Asst. to the Director for Planning & Development
c., On 1 January 1959 - Mr. Bissell appointed DD/P
to succeed Mr. Frank Wisner
d. 18 February 1959 - DPS renamed Development
Projects Division(DPD) and assigned under
the DD/P
IX. Events of International Interest
A. au Powers Incident - y.ax. 1960
1. Resulted in:
a. Cancellation of Paris Summit Conference
b. , Termination of U-2 overflights of Soviet Union
B. Bay of Pigs - Culminated - 18/19 April 1961
1. DPD Input:
2. WH Division was in control of Project
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AIR
BRANCH
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I. Amalgamation Into DPD
A. Phase I
1. April 1959
a. Air planning in EE Division & the control of
the European Air Detachment were assimilated.
B. Phase II
1. July 1959
a. Air planning in the FE Division & the FE Air
Detachment were transferred.
C. Phase III
1. October 1959
a. European Air Detachment moved to Eglin AFB
under DPD control.
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TOP SECRET
OXCART
TOP SFf:R;T
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I. Origin
A. Project "GUSTO" - 1958
1. Feasibility study looking toward a successor
aircraft to the U-2.
B. Advanced Aircraft Proposals - 1959
1. Scientific Panel, which included representatives
from the Agency & DOD, studied proposals submitted
by Lockheed & Convair Division of General Dynamics.
C. Project "OXCART"
1. Decision made (w/President's approval) to proceed
with the Lockheed Vehicle - August 1959.
2. Approved by Mr. Allen Dulles for CI on
19 October 1959, "Subject to Availability of Funds".
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CORONA
TOP SEMI
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VI Lii.i?Whi, I
CORONA
RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM
Initiation: March, 1958
Management: ,Joint - Advanced Research Projects Agency & CIA -
Support furnished by Air Force
Functions:
a. CIA (Project Hqs)
1. Development of Recon Equipt (Payload)
2. Security
3. Cover
4. Covert Procurement
b. A.F.
1. Overt Procurement
Booster
AGENA - 2nd Stage
Control Networks
Launch Facilities
Basic Recovery Vehicle Dev.
Cover - DISCOVERER
Significant Milestones
a. February - 1959 - Inert Thor - Agena Launched
b. June - 1959 - First Camera Flown but did not orbit
c. November - 1959 - ARPA Responsibility transferred to
AF under Direction of Sec Def
d. August - 1960 - First successful recovery from orbit
of payload
e. December 31, 1965 - Project Transferred to OSP
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DD/S&T
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I. Origin
A. Research Directorate
1. Established - 19 February 1962
I Bp sEcnET
a. Mr. Herbert Scoville, Jr.
appointed DD/R
b. Mr. Scoville resigned - 15 June 63
11. Subsequent Events
A. Science & Technology Directorate
1. Established - 5 August 1963
a. Dr. Albert D. Wheelon appointed
DD/S&T replacing Col. Edward B. Giller
Acting DD/R.
2. Dr. Wheelon resignation - 26 September 1966
3. Mr. Carl Duckett appointed Acting DD/S&T
on 26 September 66.
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r TP SECRET
OXCART
PROGRAM APPROVAL
REFERENCE: Project GUSTO Program Approvals
DPD FY-1960 Budget ?
OXC - 0056
19 October 1959
1. PURPOSE: To develop and produce a follow-on aircraft and
reconnaissance system to replace the CHALICE program. This
program is called OXCART.
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1.11" ULiniL
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CONCUR:
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.? WILLIAM BURKred
Colonel, USAF
? Acting Chief, DPD
I 9 0 a /
Date
/ Oc.>Y1. /157Jrf
JOHN RANGOSKY
411 Deputy Chief, Developments Branch Date.
DPD-DD/P
APPROVED OR RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL
(Approving officer strike out one) ,
//671(NC (te-.6
ICHARD BISSELL, JR.
Deputy Director
(Plans)
ACZLLEN W. DULLES Date
Director
8. CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL:
"Subject to availability of funds. /s/A.W.D."
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Attachment: Recapitulation of OXCART Funding
DPD-DD/p: JOHN
Distribution:
Orig & 1 -
1 -
1 -
1 -
1 -
1 -
2 -
1 -
PARANGOSKY:jei
Contracts/DPD w/dtt
Pt/Ch/DPD Watt
DD/P Watt
Finance/DPD Watt
Admin/DPD Watt
Logs/DPD Watt
Ch/DS-DPD Watt
RI/DPD Watt
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0. ORGANIZATION
is
Ts-]4 2557/D
2 August 1955
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"ORGANIZATION AND DELINEATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES PROJECT OILSTONE"
"1. General direction and control of the Project shall be exercised
? jointly by the. Director of.Central Intelligence and the Chief of Staff,
USAF, subject to guidance from higher authority and coordination with
other .departments of the ,Government as appropriate They shall furnish
:policy guidance to lower echelons, .ensur'e the conformity of operations
under this Project with national policy, and make recommendations to
:nigher authority on matters transcending their own authority. Furthe,,
? it shall be their joint responsibility to resolve differences that may
arise at lower staff and operating levels..
.."2. The following are the organizational elements which shall be
responsil-.1e for the conduct of the Project: '
? a. There is in existence a PrOject Headquarters, headecifj?a CIA
&Project Director to which an Air Force Officer will be assigned to serve
was Deputy Project Director. The Project Headquartes, will establish .
operational units, ?stationed at bases overseas afte....the cxnpletion of
? training in the LI. These operational units will be, manned by USAF and
-,, CIA personnel In numbers,. proportions and skills as .agreed between the
Project. Director.pnd .the Ai .Force. Project. Officer.
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2.
b. All military personnel assigned for full-time duty to the
'project for duty under CIA direction on ipermanent status shall be carrie
. on the rolls of a newly activated support squadron in accordance with
current procedures. The Air Force Deputy to the CIA Project Director wi
command this administrative squadron.
c. ? There will be established an Air Force Project Staff headed by a
Project Officer who will act in the name of the Chief of Staff, USAF. ?
The Project Staff will include selected officers designated by certain 9:
the .Deputy Chiefs of Staff..to act as pdaints of contact within their'
several offices.
d. The Commander, SAC, will form a 'new subordinate.headquarters to
manned by hthm from resources available to him thigh which he will
participate in the Project. He will also establish a support unit fo
'each operational unit established by the Project Headquarters. Support
,Alnits will be controlled by him through the commander of his subordinate
headquarters and will perform support functions as required by the ?
Project Headquarters and agreed by Commander, SAC, or the Chief of Staff
3. Tho functios nnd,r&sponsibilities of these elements.will be ns
follows:
,
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717:FA
a. The CIA Project Director and the Air Force Project Officer ;:nali
? have primary responsibility for the development and execution of all
activities concerning the Project within their own o'nlyntori:2; the
. resolution of differences that mny arise at lower echelons; an(1 tho repo
ing of progress and the making of recommendations to their respective
chiefs.
b. The Project Headquarters will be responsible for any continued
research and development, 'operational planning, and the direction and
control of operations in the final phage of the Project when overflights
? are being launched from bases overseas..
? c.. The Air Force Project Staff shall be responsible for imillemenbtin
. plans approved by the CIA Project Director and the Air Force Project
:Officer and arranging for Air Force support of Project Activities x-fnich
? can appropriately be furnished through staff channels or by commands
other than SAC.
d. Commander, SAC will be assigned primary responsibility for pro-
viding and coordinating. Air Force support of the Project, including
training, through the subordinate headquarters to be formed by him. u'
Requirements for certain types of nersonnel and equipment not under his
control' will be stated to Headquarters, USAF (the-Air-Force Project Offi?
.cer).aild will be met from other resources..
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4. Activities under 'this ProjeCt fall into three phases. These overlap
one another in time but may be distinguished on. th. basis of the linds of
? activities involved in each. The following are the specificand authorities
responsibilities of the several organizational elements in the succes-
? sive phases of the Project.
a. The first phase, now well advanced, is that in which the major -
activities are research and development, procurement, the construction
and lctivation of-a test and training base, the testing of equipment, and
operational planning. The Project Director shall have control of these
activities including the pgianning and recruiting of personnel under his
'control. The Air Force will' furnish necessary support which will be a
-matter for agreement between the Project Director and the Project Officer
.Full and 'complete coordination of all Air Force elements during this
'phase is essential.,
b. .The second phase will be devoted to training, the shakedalwn of '
equipment, and deployment overseas. These activities will be carried on
mainly at .the test and training base. Commander, SAC, through his subordi
nate headquarters, will(1) direct and supervise the training of opera- '
dlional units, (2) provide and coordinate Air Force support of the Project,
1.1T1d,(3) arrange for the deployment of operational. units overseas for the
initiation of the final phase. In the light of thee responsibilities
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5,
Commander, SAC, will be kept fully informed of operational plins,
hou
his subordinate headquarters. Phase 11 terminates with. the decision tha
crews and equipment are operationally ready and in place at overseas
bases. During Phase 11 the line of command on matters concerning the
scale. and character of training, Air Force support, and the mechanics of
deployment shall be from the Chief.. of Staff, USAF, through the Commander
sAc,, and his subordinate headquarters.
.
C. The third ?phase will be that of active operations from overseas
bases. This phase follows the decision .1= as to operational readin3ss
In this third phase, the final decision as to execution and timing of
actual overflight missions shall rest with the Project Director, subject
to such guidance as he may receive from higher authority ' The line of
command shall be direct between operational units and the Project Direct
Each operational unit will continue to be dependent upon its correspondi
SAC support unit. ?
APPROVED FOR USAF:
N. F. 'Twining
Aug 34 1955?
APPROVED FOR CIA: ,
A. W. Dulles
August 44 1955
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