AL-QADHDHAFI ADDRESS PEOPLE'S CONGRESS 2 MAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05-01559R000400430021-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 2, 2012
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: March 2, 1988
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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He added: "Those who failed to face President'`Abd al-
Nasir for 18 years of his rule and to eradicate his name from
the conscience of the Egyptian masses for 18 years after his
death, now return to launch their campaigns."
WAKH Cites Al-Baz on New U.S. Initiative
JN021755 Manama WAKH in English 1635 GMT
2Mar88
[Text] Doha, March 2 (GNA)-First Undersecretary at
the Egyptian Foreign Ministry `Usamah al-Baz has said
that the recent Middle East trip of the American Secre-
tary of State George Shultz was meant to sound out the
views of the leaders of the parties concerned to the
Middle East conflict towards a peaceful settlement. This
will be followed by a fresh American initiative to revive
peace efforts in the region, he said.
At a news conference today AI-Baz said that the American
initiative will be based on the United Nations Resolution
242, aimed at settling all aspects of the Palestinian problem
and at regaining for the Palestinian people their rights,
[words indistinct] concept.
The American initiative, Al-Baz added, calls upon the
concerned parties to accept a change in the situation in the
Israeli-occupied territories into a transitional phase and a
permanent one, and the formation of a government to be
headed by Israeli officials with the participation of mayors
of Arab towns in the occupied territories.
Al-Baz said that Egypt. and Jordan opposed the idea of the
transitional government, believing that during a transitional
period the Palestinians would have. been familiarized to
coexistence with such government.
Bulgarian Trade Union Delegation Arrives 3 Mar
NC031352 Cairo MENA in Arabic 1300 GMT
3 Mar 88
[Excerpt] Cairo, 3 Mar (MENA) -Ivan Ivanov Simov,
chairman of the Bulgarian Chemical Industry Workers
Union, arrived in Cairo early this morning, leading a
delegation on the first visit to Egypt by a Bulgarian trade
union delegation since 1975.
During the 1-week visit, the delegation will hold talks with
officials of the General Union of Oil Workers led by Anwar
`Ashmawi, chairman of the union and deputy chairman of
the Egyptian General Federation of Trade Unions. The talks
will deal with ways to bolster relations and increase coop-
eration and coordination in fields of common interest.
[passage omitted]
Libya
Al-Qadhdhafi Address People's Congress 2 Mar
LD021621 Tripoli Television Service in Arabic
1038 GMT 2 Mar 88 '
[Speech by Colonel Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi at the
General People's Congress in Ra's al-Unuf marking 1 1 th
anniversary of the establishment of the jamahiriyah-'
live]
[Text] In the name of God, we celebrate today not only
the convening of an ordinary session of the General
People's Congress, but also the anniversary of the decla-
ration of the people's authority and the setting up of the
Jamahiriyah. [applause] We salute the delegations from
Arab and the foreign countries. We also salute the
secretaries of pan-Arab conferences throughout the
Jamahiriyah, the secretaries of international conferences
throughout the Jamahiriyah, and the secretaries of peo-
ple's congresses abroad.
'
Also attending today, in their capacity as members
of the
General People's Congress and to mark the anniversary of
the establishment of the people's authority, are the secretar-
ies of those pan-Arab' conferences . which are being held
abroad and on the land of the Jamahiriyah.
This commemoration is held today in the city of Ra's
al-Unuf, on the banks of the Gulf of Sidra. This location for
the celebration, as well as the attending foreign delegations,
representatives of foreign countries, and the secretaries of
the people's congresses, 'the pan-Arab and .'international
conferences was intentional. We wanted to affirm our
irrevocable determination to stand at the Gulf of Sidra and
declare our unceasing preparation to diefor'it [applause and
chants], and to renew again the line of death which lies at
32.5 degrees, a line once defined. in the sea by a piece'of
water but now drawn in blood. [applause] "
The day after we defined the line of death, that is, the
entrance to the Gulf of Sidra, the Americans tried to cross
that line. However, they, died.when they crossed it, and in so
doing learned that the line of death' was real'and not just
words: [applause] In 1986 we marked'and colored'the Gulf
of Sidra with the blood from scores of martyrs. We fulfilled
the promise we made when we said that we were prepared to
die for this Gulf and make it red.
The United States, the aggressive power, now knows that the
line of 32.5 degrees is the line of death: its aircraft and its
soldiers have both been destroyed 'and died there. The
United States knows that those behind the Gulf are pre-
pared to turn it into a red gulf, yet it is the blood of martyrs
and the enemies who attempted aggression that has colored
it. .
We stand today on the banks of the Gulf of Sidra to affirm
our unyielding determination to defend our right to be
there, to affirm that it is an indivisible part of Libyan Arab
territory, and to affirm that the United States, regardless of
its might, cannot prevent us from dying for' it. Today the
entire world and the aggressive and unlawful powers know
that the air raids, the failed economic and political boycott
attempts, the venomous and feverish propaganda, and all
kinds of psychological and material pressures have failed
and been destroyed on hard rock. They know they are facing
a stubborn adversary who cannot be softened by these
pressures, and who will not retreat before such threats.,
Therefore, those tyrants must check their calculations. They
must understand that barbarism, intimidation, power, offi-
cial terrorism, the threats from fleets, and the attempts at
boycotts have all ended in failure. `Those things' can bring
them no results, and will only increase our stubbornness-and
determination to resist.
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4 March 1988 11 ARAB AFRICA
The U.S. has no alternative but to back off and admit that it
has tried a test operation with the aim of subjecting the area
and containing it. Though they tried to frighten us and force
us to retreat and deviate like the others, the United States
now knows that the challenges have increased our determi-
nation and resistance.
Whenever we have faced this aggressive force, people in all
parts of the world rallied around us because we faced their
mortal enemy, the common enemy of all who struggle for
freedom. Imperialism is the enemy of all who want to live in
peace, safety, and freedom. Consequently, when we defend
in the Gulf of Sidra, we defend the cause of freedom. We
affirmed this cause in the declaration of the people's author-
ity in 1979 when the Jamahiriyah was set up. [applause]
The United States has no alternative but to reconsider its
estimations and change its mind on the Gulf of Sidra. We
want to affirm, while facing the challenge on the shores of
the Gulf of Sidra, that we are determined to resist the
imperialist presence not only in the Gulf but on any the
Arab land. We are determined to turn all the Arab land into
another Lebanon. The reason why I say Lebanon is because
imperialism burned its fingers there. The Americans went
there with arrogance, but left as stiff corpses' and losers.
Now, with all its power, the United States cannot stretch its
fingers into Lebanon again because it will meet with popular
resistance led by Lebanese nationals and brave Palestinians.
The resistance the United States faced in Lebanon did not
come from the government or a regular army; it came from
the people.
No one asked for permission to fight in Lebanon, and when
young people decided to die in order to kill hundreds of
Americans and Frenchmen, nobody could prevent them.
They were martyred, but just one of them killed hundreds of
American and French Marines. This is a decision for death
which no one can prevent you from making. We have made
the decision to die in the Gulf of Sidra and other places
because we defend what is right and lawful. Our nation has
the right to unity, liberty and peace.
As long as this is the principle that, we defend, it is not
possible for us to change our minds, to bargain, to be
submissive, or to hesitate. It is not possible for us to
renounce this principle and this struggle, because to do so
would mean the renunciation of our existence, our life, and
our right to exist on earth.
No matter how many treacherous conferences are held-
such as the Amman conference, no matter how much the
Palestinians' revolution of stones is conspired against-as
seen in the hysterial attempts being made by the United
States and by U.S. agents in the region, and no matter how
many times this nation is violated and even humiliated, our
objective remains clear: the liberation and unification of
this nation so that it may lift its head among the other
nations with pride. It has the right to do so, and we urge it
to sacrifice its life for this cause unitl it has been obtained.
Our fight will gain (?momentum), phase after phase, and it
will confirm its worthiness with victory, phase after phase.
We should not despair, dear brothers. I know that there are
frustrations, that there is a U.S.-Zionist-Western conspira-
cy, and also weakness, submission, and.servility. But who
are the subservient, the treacherous, and the servile? They
are the scum, the agents, and the cowards who have not been
brought in by the revolution nor.by the. masses. Have you
ever seen a popular leader of.the. Lebanese nationalist
movement or of the Palestinian resistance, brought in by the
revolution and the masses, capitulate or retreat? What we
hear is that he is fighting, or has been killed or martyred.
When the hamlets and the villages were shelled by the "New
Jersey", the biggest ship in the world, none of those who
carried a rifle retreated; neither did any of the revolutionary
leaders. If there was a president,--king, or ruler who did
retreat or desert, it is because, this is the way they are
personally. This has nothing to do with the masses, nor has
it anything to do with those who are responsible only for
themselves.
Please make no mistake: the retreats, the treasons, the
capitulation, the circumambulation of the Black House in
the United States and the kissing of the Americans' hands,
these things are not done by the Arab nation or by the Arab
people. Nor are they done by the Palestinian resistance, the
revolutionaries of the stones, the Lebanese nationalist
movement, or the Al-Fatah revolution. Who, then, can do
these things? ..
They are done by the creatures of the U.S. intelligence
service, people who,carry the labels: Made in the USA,
Made in France. These people'are falling one after the other
because they have not been supported by the masses or by
the revolution. Those who are supported by the masses and
by the revolution do not fall because the masses and the
revolution are the truth, and anything else is sham.
The signs of hope, the generation of anger which we
announced, have started- showing in Palestine. There are
U.S. conspiracies and meetings, and their agents are plotting
against Palestine. While it is one thing for, these agents to
make statements and to yell, it is another thing for the new
generation, to wear masks, fight with stones, and offer
martyrs every day. This is the revolution, the masses, the
Arab nation; this is its conscience, this is its reality.
[applause]
We should never despair because 'those who despair are
superficial people. They believe that the truth is what is
carried by' the official radio stations 'and by government
newspapers; they believe the statements made by the poli-
ticians. However, truth cannot be found in newspapers nor
can it be heard on the radio. Those who planned the
revolution of the stones did not announce in the newspapers
that they would launch their revolution on-a specific date.
Their names only become known when one of them is
martyred, then his name announced. We do not hear that on
the radio of a station called "The Generation of Anger in
Palestine", or that they have carried out such and such acts,
or that they have a news bulletin. Never!
The dominant fact- is.that.they. have no radio station, no
newspapers, and no government. Here is an Arab citizen,
who is right and who possesses the land, fighting with a rifle.
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The United States and Zionism are this citizen's enemies.
As for the ruler [of Lebanon], some day he will pack his bag
and leave for the United States or go to the Israelis as
Al-Sadat did. But the citizen, the owner of the house, the
owner of the livestock, the owner of the tree, the owner of
the farm, and the owner of the school-if he has a school-
will remain. As for the rulers, even their children do not
study with ours. They study in Europe. They learn foreign
languages and study in Europe. Even their wives go abroad
when things become difficult, and they prepare to join them.
Therefore, their presence is only temporary. The presence of
those who plot and who are submissive is only temporary,
because they are not of us. We are the masses, we are the
people, we are those to whom land belongs. We are those
whose children study at our schools. We are those who are
treated at our hospitals. We are those who have livestock on
which we subsist, and houses built from mud, animal hair,
or bricks.
Consequently, the ordinary fighter with a rifle and he who
has stones in his hands has not and will not surrender. Hope
can be drawn from this, and from our determination to
continue resisting until this nation is liberated and united,
until U.S. and Zionist colonialism are defeated despite
everything they do and however much they resist us. It is not
a question of days, months, or years. This is a short-sighted
view.
While they evicted us from Spain after 800 years, we evicted
the Crusaders from Palestine after 80 years. The issue is one
of the struggle of generations. Do not believe that the United
States will always have its present power. This is an impe-
rialist, exploitative power that lives by the blood of others,
by looting peoples' wealth, and by wars. Consequently, the
source of its power is threatened. People do not voluntarily
give their blood for Dracula to suck. People do not plunder
their own wealth to strengthen imperialist and Zionist
powers.
The wars and progress envisioned by imperialism and the
owners of arms factories will not continue. Peace may
triumph, conscience may triumph, and markets might close
to the imperialists' goods. Consequently, the day will come
when the U.S. empire will inevitably age, and this has
already started. You know that the United States has
difficulty in financing its worldwide bases. It wants to force
agent governments to meet the cost of U.S. military bases,
otherwise the United States will not be able to finance its
military presence outside its own territory.
This is good news. The weakening process has started. The
United States is not going up; it has started going down. It is
in a state of deterioration, decline, and deficiency. In the
coming years it will become unable to finance its military
bases abroad; consequently, it will be forced to withdraw its
bases.
This is not because the United States has changed its hostile
intentions, but because this is the law of nature. It will not
continue to finance its bases abroad. Currently 60 percent of
its maritime fleet is nonoperational. All that is sailing-
which we would consider to be gigantic fleet-represents
only 40 percent of the United states' maritime force. The
United States is unable to repair 60 percent of its maritime
force-both civilian and military.
In addition, there are also time bombs inside the United
States: There is the nation of the black people; the nation of
the Red Indians; there are other oppressed groups-Arabs,
Asians, Africans, and other groups; even oppressed Europe-
ans can be found inside its borders. These groups will
triumph. The United States is trying to push the conflict
away by exporting it abroad, by exporting it to the Gulf of
Sidra, to Nicaragua, to Panama, to Angola, to Afghanistan.
It wants to turn a blind eye to the real danger.
Zionism will not continue to quarel forever in Palestine, as
it is doing these days. That society carries within it the seeds
of its annihilation. The Israelis will not be able to live by fear
in Palestine, despite their patience and perserverance, and
in spite of U.S. support. They will not, even it takes
generations, be able to continue to live in this hell, because
they have usurped a people's land. This people is still
present; it is fighting from inside and outside. The Israelis
do not feel safe when they are on aircraft, on a bus, in their
homes, at school, in the street, at home or abroad. Whenever
an Israeli picks up an item he thinks that it could be a bomb
planted by the fedayeen.
Why? Because he,knows that he lives on a land that is not
his. He takes a bus that runs through streets that are
Palestinian, not his. He. is an Englishman, a German, a
Russian, an Iranian, or even an Arab Jew; he knows that his
country is not Palestine. It was an illusion that brought him
to Palestine. Therefore, he expects the Palestinians to leave
the bus to him, to leave the sewage, to leave the trees, and let
him enjoy the weather, the sea, and the land. Because he
knows that this region does not belong to him, he is an
aggressor.
This is a typical picture of an aggressor. He expects to be
attacked from anywhere by the person who has a right to be
there. The Israelis cannot live in such condition forever. We
will continue to put pressure on them, psychologically and
materially, by inciting the Palestinian revolution inside and
outside. This is our aim, our determination, and our mes-
sage. We will not give up. [applause]
This is not an analysis or history. We leave history to itself
and to time. There is a real determination behind it, because
.we overcame fear.. They killed our sons. The superpower
raided us. They used NATO, and attacked a house, a street,
and children. They buried us alive in Palestine. They have
run over us with tanks in the streets of southern Lebanon-
families in cars that were run over by Israeli tanks. It
became obvious to us that, for the United States, right
stands for deception and deception means right. There is no
common understanding between us and the United States.
It has one outlook, and we have another. It deprives us of
our rights, while we have full freedom. We have no common
language with the United States.
What the Israelis are doing is considered by the United
States to be a legitimate defense, yet what we are doing, as
far as the United States is concerned, is viewed as terrorism.
What Hitler did is portrayed as racism, while what the
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ARAB AFRICA
Israelis are now doing is considered legitimate. These days,
Hitler is innocent compared with the crimes of the Israelis
in Palestine. Hitler did not bury anybody alive, but the
Israelis have buried Palestinians alive.
As from now, the world will join with us in this campaign to
revise the post-World War II culture, because this culture
was made by the United States and Zionism to cover up
their true reality. They are the real criminals. They are the
ones who are accused of racism.
Yes, the Americans and the Israelis, and with them the
West, are staging a racist war against the Arabs. This is a
racist and a religious war, and it is Zionism and imperialism
which have led to the alliance between Judaism and Chris-
tianity, and which have exploited Judaism and Christianity.
There is no enmity between Islam and Christianity or
between Islam and Judaism. But imperialism-which dom-
inates the Christian world, and Zionism-which has con-
trolled the Jews, has forced Judiasm and Christianity to ally
themselves under the aegis of imperialism and Zionism
against the Arabs, against Islam, and against the Christian
Arab. As long as he is an Arab, even if he is a Christian, the
Christians who follow imperialism will be against him. Thus
this war is a racist war.
Consequently, we are determined to disclose the new reality.
We vindicate Hitler in view of the crimes of the Israelis and
the silence of the Americans about these crimes. The United
States keeps silent; the United States does not say about the
Israelis what it says about the Nazis because its interest now
is for Zionism to be a base for destroying the Arabs. It is not
in the interest of the United States for Hitler to remain.
Therefore, Hitler is a criminal and the Israelis are innocent.
However, we are not interested in the analyses of the United
States and what it claims about the defense of human rights.
The United States is the enemy of man and the killer of
mankind. We do not say that we declare enmity to the
United States in a stubborn and irrevocable way. When it
recognizes our right to existence, when it respects us and our
land, and asks for cooperation with us as equals, then we
will stretch out our hand.
We do not despise the Americans because they are Ameri-
cans. We hate the imperialist policy which denies us the
right to Palestine, to the Gulf of Sidra, and.to our homes.
Consequently, we, the ones who make the future, who lead
the masses, never rely on what is said by the U.S. delegate,
the U.S. President, the U.S. minister, or the Israeli minister.
We do not even know how the Israeli ministry is formed.
It is a Zionist camp in Palestine, and it may change a
hundred times and a hundred parties may rule everyday;
this does not concern us. I personally do not know the
names of the Israeli parties, the names of the Israeli rulers,
and if they are ruled by a coalition or a party. All of them are
a Zionist camp occupying Arab palestinian land and we will
fight them. That is final word. [applause]
It is not important who rules the U.S. or what party rules
it-that does not concern me.
If the United States changes its policy toward us, respects us,
and becomes neutral between us and the Israelis, this will be
welcome [words indistinct] if it continues its policy against
us. If you revert, we will revert. [quotation from the Koran]
We are determined; we are willfull; and we will resist. We
have made a decision. We have decided not to fear, and we
will die standing. Can the United States prevent us? No, it
cannot. [applause] That is the final word. We die every day.
Death comes with God's will. We die with our will, and we
die standing and fearless. [chanting of slogans]
Consequently, we are determined to light the fire of revolu-
tion in the Arab homeland so that America's feet get burned.
We must oppose the U.S. presence on Arab soil because it is
a pro-Zionist presence and because it is against our exist-
ence. Therefore, we do not welcome the U.S. presence, nor
do we feel 'reassured about it no matter how many gifts it
offers us. These gifts are poison wrapped in honey.
We the masses, the generation of anger, and the revolution-
aries will oppose the United States from the Atlantic to the
Gulf. We will even oppose it in Africa, and in the other
continents with our alliance with the revolutionary forces
and the fighting popular front that has begun to take shape
under the leadership of the international center throughout
the world. From this the United States will know that this
round has ended with setbacks and defeats, from Vietnam
to the Gulf of Sidra and Panama.
Dear brothers, the battle has now moved from Vietnam to
Panama. Consider that the United States fought in Viet-
nam, across continents and oceans, as far as possible from
its own borders, but that today it is fighting on its borders,
in Panama. Today, the Panamanian people are fighting the
United States on its borders; Nicaragua is on the borders of
the United States. [applause]
Yes, look'at the map of the conflict, which gives a good
prediction of things to come. The conflict has moved to
Panama, Nicaragua, and Central America. The United
States is suffocating. Afterwards, the United states will
begin to explode from within. Let the United States get
angry, and let it drop its bombs. It dropped its bombs on
Japan, and now Japan is more powerful ecnomically than
the United States. If it frees itself from pressures, Japan
could now manufacture the nuclear bomb in a day. Every-
thing is available to the Japanese. Why? Because the United
States hit Japan with atomic bombs. What is detrimental to
some is beneficial to others.
Do you think that those who are hit with nuclear bombs are
finished? Look at Japan [words indistinct]. We are a desert
area which absorbs nuclear and hydrogen bombs, and those
who remain alive afterwards become the new Japanese. The
main thing is to overcome fear. There is no fear. We are not
afraid and we will never retreat, no matter how many bombs
they drop on us. Even if they occupy us we will resist. If they
occupy us, they will see what resistance means, and they will
lose.
They are dying to occupy us, but they know that occupying
us is, like dragging their naked bodies over thorns, blades,
and embers. If the United States wants to drag a naked body
over thorns, blades, and embers, then let it come to our land.
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We are determined to shake the Arab land under America's
feet until the U.S.' presence is ended, until the U.S. presence
returns in a new form; a from convinced that this nation
must be respected and' treated on equal terms, and that it
should sit with this nation around the table of understand-
ing with a new attitude.
When an Arab is buried alive in Palestine, the United States
and Reagan say it is self-defense as far as the Israelis are
concerned. When a Palestinian fighter attacked an Israeli
base and killed armed soldiers who were occupying his land,
Reagan said that it was a terrorist act which does not help
the peace process.
In the end, the world, the-Arabs, and those who are close or
far have reaped the fruits of Camp David. Such was the
peace process that Al-Sadat sowed. It has been crowned with
the live burial of Palestinians. Consequently, what the rulers
say does not represent the truth. We are determined, and
they must understand that.
While we are celebrating the establishment of the state of the
masses, I would have liked to see a model of an ideal state.
I have delivered many lessons during the past bitter years on
how to set up this ideal state, in which the family and state
are self-sufficient, from the ordinary people to those who
have power, authority, and. arms.
I would have preferred not to have seen the enactment of the
compulsory military, service law. I would have liked to have
seen the experiment of the armed people succeed, so that
when we face any danger, corps of the armed people would
immediately report to their camps. I delivered many lessons
which are still written on how to establish a materially and
morally unique state.
We said simple things on the need for the citizen to plant in
his garden palm trees, vines, and olive trees. Imported
bananas can be planted in his garden, as also can pepper-
mint and parsley. We said that the cities should become
productive. The land surrounding them should be divided
into self-sufficient farms.
Every family in the city should be self-sufficient in agricul-
tural produce, and the other'part of the city should turn to
technical production in workshops and craft centers. The
number of civil servants should be reduced, and self-
administration should be set up. We should concentrate on
the growing of olives and palm trees, livestock and cereals.
Why? Because they are the things that succeed on this soil.
Libya could become an international farm.
Talk, war, and songs cannot last without an economic base.
The economic base begins with the provision of food, not
with money. We taught' the difference' between food and
money: Money means that you sell oil and earn money, but
this money is lost when you send it after the oil because you
import food from those to "whom you sold the oil. This
means that oil and money went to the same foreigners.
We said: Use the money you take from oil for the produc-
tion of food. Self-sufficiency for every family begins with
food. Every family should think of its future, how to become
self-sufficient, and not how to earn money. You can become
ARAB AFRICA
a middleman and a salesman, and tell your son to sell for 15
dinars a mirror which costs him-5 dinars, or go and sell some
other item. This means that you. are just circulating money;
you have not made anything new.
We said: Think how to produce materials, how to produce
goods, how to produce food, not how to accumulate money.
Because it is possible to trade 'in [word indistinct] from
morning to night by 100 persons. This man buys for I
piaster and sells for 2 piasters, the other buys it for 2 and
sells for 3. By the end 'of the day we find that money has
changed pockets. One may have' more money, another may
have become rich today, but the mirror has not increased, it
has remained a single mirror. This is destruction and ruin. If
we made this mirror and sold it for 2 piasters and you want
to sell it for 5, go and make a better one and sell it for 5. Byt
the end of the day we find that we have made 100. This
means that we have really manufactured something.
Now if the Libyan takes a truck full'of sheep, why prevent
[words indistinct]? Buy it in Tubruq, sell in Banghazi. Then
one buys it from you in Banghazi'and sell it in Ijdabiyah,
another buys it in (ijdabiyah) and sells it in Surt, it reaches
Misratah. The 10 sheep have not increased from Tubruq to
Misratah, but the money has increased. This one earned 100
dinars, the other earned 150 dinars, the other earned 500
dinars. Do you think this is a gain? The gain is if 100 sheep
give birth to another 20. Then you raise them and they
become 40, and then they'become 100; now it is not just
your money that has become 100.
These are only examples. We spoke at length on how to
create a state, but what interests me now is not how to make
a state of this kind, because'this depends on you. It seems to
me that the citizen at this. stage is not at the level of the
Jamahiriyah. The proof is that the steps which should have
been taken by the citizen himself in order to create the
model and ideal state have not been taken. He is still drawn
to the ordinary and traditional life. Even power-over
which everybody fights everywhere, for which parties strug-
gle and coups take place, for `which people attack and
assassinate each other-is now in the hands of the Libyan
people, but sometimes they are lazy iri exercising it.
There are other people who struggle for power, for partial
power, or for participation in power. Power in Libya is fully
in the hands of the people. The whole Libyan people are
mobilized in people's conferences. How many basic people's
conferences are there? There are almost 1,000 basic people's
conferences, in which the Libyan people are mobilized.
They have power, they adopt resolutions, they enact laws,
they determine internal and external policy and the budget,
they distribute, buy and cancel. Yet we exercise this power
in a lazy manner and by proxy.
What I want to clarify now, which.is enough for me, is to
confirm the declaration of freedom. I said that the revolu-
tion which has risen and created the Jamahiriyah is a cry for
freedom, a declaration of freedom. Consequently, what
interests me is to make the state into a state of the free
masses. I want everyone who is concerned with the cause of
freedom, with the cause of human rights, and the world
press to be present. ', '
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4`?March 1988'
We- have said: Never will the Jews or the Christians be
satisfied with you unless you follow their form of religion.
That is a verse from the Koran. Whatever you do, they will
not be satisfied with you. And they consider us a dictator-
ship, even if the Jamahiriyah is established. Imagine! There
is nothing better, than the Jamahiriyah or better than democ-
racy, which.means the-people are in the chair. Yet they still
say Al-Qadhdhafi, is the dictator, as though we issue orders
or resolutions. They are people who will never. be satisfied
,with us unless we follow their religion. We would like all the
forces which search for truth in the-world to attend, to see
for themselves and for the benefit of mankind the making of
a,model for a truly democratic state, a free state.
. And now, in order to establish a free state, there must be a
final thrust for this path, like the historic thrust we made to
bring 'people to power. We did not fear the masses or the
masses control of everything. The masses took control of
offices, provinces, companies, and establishments, and the
..workers, took control of factories and the radio station.
Al-Sadat contacted me. at the time and told me that a
battalion of paratroops was ready for the rescue should we
need it, as he had heard that the masses had taken control of
the. radio station.
I- laughed all the time and told him that we instigated the
masses to take. control' of. the radio station. We. do not fear
the masses., How can we fight the masses with a battalion of
Egyptian paratroopers? [applause] Subsequently we carried
out an historic thrust, when the masses took control of
everything, and the people's coinferences and committees
were set up and ended [word indistinct].
,This took place in order to establish the Jamahiriyah. Now,
in order to create'the completely free state of the masses,
.there is a need for another daring operation in which we
push matters right.through. We cannot accept any pause in
the middle of the road or partial solutions, or accept
concocted solutions in order to complete a free state in
which ..man .enjoys in full his human rights for which he
,;,struggles and which we'are denied everywhere.
The United States, which talks about human rights, is the
first enemy of man, the first to distinguish between black
and white, the first to deal with peoples through fleets,
.,economic siege; economic sanctions, and political isolation.
It has no other language that this barbaric and backward
one. It lags several stages behind mankind. The United
States lags several stages -behind humanity; when it talks
about human' rights it is possibly talking about another
human, a' man of the jungle, a gorilla, something of this
kind. It does not talk about homo sapiens, which has
reached this stage.
It should be emphasized today, on the 11th anniversary of
the establishment of people's power and the inauguration of
the Jamahiriyah without any revision, that this is based on
the establishment of people's power and the inauguration of
the Jamahiriyah. As for the freedom of work for the Libyan
individual on his own or with a group-any work which you
see as, beneficial to you, do it either on your own or in
company with others. This is a principle; there is no need to
say that is not allowed, prohibited, or should be licensed.
You can obtain a license in order to organize trade.
49
As for work, every Libyan citizen, male or female, has the
.right to work on the land of Libya and enjoy the fruit of his
efforts. What is prohibited is for the fruits of your efforts to
be taken by another: That is exploitation. This is what we
fight in. order to eliminate: that one citizen should exploit
the effort of another citizen.
As for the freedom to live and travel at home and abroad,
Libyans should be free. We are proud of this because there
are entire peoples who are prohibited. All the U.S. people
are forbidden from going to Libya. That means a proportion
of the globe, on the instructions of the dictatorial U.S.
President-and for your information, the United States is
living under a real personal dictatorship. All the institutions
which'you hear of are abolished in the face of the right of
veto enjoyed by the President.
The President is the head of the government and parlia-
ment; the Senate and the House of Representatives are
made up of a majority of the President's party. There is no
people's supervision over the U.S. Government or over
other Western governments like it. This is because the
President enjoys the right of veto and overrules the resolu-
tions of the legislature. You heard about the U.S. President
cancelling Congress resolutions by using the right of veto. If
he likes the resolutions, he calls them democratic, issued by
the Congress. If he does not like them, he cancels them with
the right of veto.
He has a law called the Emergency Law. When they
announced that U.S. interests were endangered by Libya, he
said to Congress: Libya is endangering U.S. foreign interests
and is endangering the U.S. national interests and security.
Consequently, a law should be formulated called the Emer-
gency Law, which gives the President the right to govern the
United States dictatorially as regards resolutions which
concern Libya. He can wage war, kill Americans, send them,
sabotage the U.S. economy. This is permitted, this is dicta-
torship..
U.S. citizens are forbidden on instructions from the Presi-
dent to go to Libya, even as tourists. See the dictatorship!
Yesterday they were commenting on their radio and saying
that the people of North Korea and of China are forbidden
from going abroad. They said: Look at the dictatorship and
the human rights which have disappeared in Korea and
China because those governments are not allowing their
citizens to go abroad. Look! They are even depriving U.S.
citizens from the right to travel.
The rights of tourism to Libya are withheld from him-
perhaps also to other areas, maybe Korea, Nicaragua, Ethi-
opia, and Angola. It is forbidden..They are forbidden from
touring this country. Every day they comment on their
radios, saying: Look at the. dictatorship in Korea and China;
the citizens are prohibited from going abroad. All right,
Americans are forbidden from going to Libya.
If you want to fight Libya that is your affair, but I am a
citizen going to that country, going as a tourist, going to
work, going to do things. Thus, the American citizen needs
to defend his rights. Human rights are seriously violated in
the United States.
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Libyan citizens, being free, supreme, without a government,
without a president, and self-governing, are free. In addition
to the work which they want to do individually or with
others, and in addition to being free from exploitation, they
are also able to go and reside in any part of the world. And
any Libyan citizen abroad can come to Libya either on a
temporary or permanent basis, and go as he wants. This is
the country of the masses, the state of the masses; all
Libyans are free to come and go. Those abroad can enter
and those inside can go according to their circumstances. If
you have money and you want to leave, then leave. If you
want to open a. shop in Malta, then go and open a shop in
Malta.
If a Libyan wants to go and open a shop in Tunisia, he is
free, let him go and open a shop in Tunisia. If you have
money and you want to tour abroad, then go. If you want to
go and reside abroad and take out Australian nationality,
then go. You are free.
These are free people who can move around the world as
they wish, unless others prevent them from doing so. We
said: democracy and people's rule, not people's expression,
because the people who stage demonstrations are striving
for power. Why demonstrate? What is it for? It is to attain
power. The Libyan people have attained power. Thus
democracy is people's rule, not people's expression.
The one who expresses himself is the one who is chained, the
one who cannot move and who therefore attempts to
express his aspirations through speech, because he cannot
do so in actions. He is chained and wants the chains lifted,
and consequently he demonstrates, strikes, stages hunger
strikes, and commits suicide. This is what happens in other
countries.
As to the one who rules himself-against whom is he going
to demonstrate? Protest at what? Stage a sit-in against
whom? We want to confirm to the Libyan people, while they
exercise power, so that it may not be said that they are
banned from doing anything, that these people who have
reached the top exercise power. Its individuals can express
themselves in practice at people's conferences and approve
their internal and external policies at the people's confer-
ences.
Yet any Libyan can, in accordance with the Green Book
which says that the natural man is free to express himself.
Even if he behaves madly he can express his madness. You
are free to express yourself. The judicial person -is free to
express his judicial personality. But in these two cases, the
first represents only himself and the second represents only
the total sum of the natural persons who constitute his
judicial personality. Society consists of many natural men
and many judicial personalities. Thus a natural man's
expression of his madness, for instance, does not mean that
the remaining members of the society are also mad.
In other words, the natural man's expression means only his
expression of himself, and the judicial person's expression
means only an expression of the interest or opinion of those
who constitute that judicial personality. The press is
society's means of expression, not the means of expression,
not the means of the expression of a natural or judicial
ARAB AFRICA
person. As for an individual who owns a newspaper, it is his
newspaper and it expresses his point of view only. The claim
that it is the newspaper of public opinion is a false one,
because it expresses in reality the point of view of the
natural man only. He expresses himself by any means, even
if it was a mad one, in order to prove his madness.
The natural man has the right to express himself only, and
democratically he only has the right to express no more than
himself. From this premise, and in confirmation of it, any
Libyan who wants to publish a newspaper is free from
tomorrow to do so., Even if-how many Libyans are
there?-3.5 or 4 million newspapers appear tomorrow to
express the view of each free individual. Of course the
expression of an opinion is to express a view in relation to
an issue which concerns the life of the people. The people
are in people's conferences; they discuss and approve their
interests.
But the one who expresses a view in a newspaper cannot
approve anything, because he is not in power and wants to
protest and to express his point of view, and perhaps the
authorities will adopt it. But when you are in power you do
not need a newspaper to express your opinion.
Any Libyan from tomorrow, can if he wishes, or even feels
like proving that he is free and wants to ascertain that he is
free, publish a newspaper. If you cannot publish a newspa-
per, and you want to publish a leaflet, write your name on it
and publish it. This is the leaflet of so-and-so. I have no
money to publish a newspaper-of course you cannot
receive money from abroad or at home, this is your affair
and you are free; otherwise it will be considered a crime if
you receive money from a foreign source and publish a
newspaper with it. This becomes treason. That is not
permitted anywhere in the world. But if you have the
capabilities to publish a newspaper tomorrow, any Libyan
can do so. We are not afraid. Any Libyan.
We Libyans are all sharing power. That is fine, everyone
who wants to publish a paper can do so. If you do not wish
to publish a newspaper, fine, tomorrow is 3 March, if you do
not want to publish a newspaper you can issue a circular.
Write your name and address on it and say that you
shoulder the responsibility of what you say in it, and this is
your viewpoint. This sort of thing is purely (?superfluous). If
you do not wish to express your views at the people's
congress or if you want to augment it, and you wish to
express it in the newspaper in question, you can say it.
But printing it has no meaning at all in the state of the
masses. It is meaningless for one to publish a newspaper or
issue a circular in the state of the masses. It is meaningless
because all the masses are participating in power through
the people's congresses. What you want to say in the circular
can be said at the people's congress where it can become a
resolution and be adopted by the people's congresses and
become part of the policy of the Jamahiriyah.
If it is a question of challenging others, the Libyan people
are free. They can publish newspapers and leaflets tomor-
row. Issue circulars. If you have no paper to write on you can
write on the wall. Say: I am Mr so-and-so. I have no paper or
newspaper but I am writing on the wall. You can write on
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the wall on one condition: namely, after you write whatever
you wish, after people have read it you erase it and paint the
wall clean again. And after people read it erase it again.
[applause]
We challenge them. We do not want them to say that there
is no freedom of expression in this country. We challenge
them in a peaceful way so that they can raise their hands
high and say: This is the ideal state; this is the lost paradise;
this is heaven on earth; this is the virtuous city; this is the
dream of the philosophers; this is Athena reborn; this is the
lost paradise.
And so that you can make sure we invite all newsmen,
writers, and analysts, and those who have an association
with human rights and Amnesty International to come to
the Jamahiriyah and see the state of the masses where the
citizen is free and in power, free at work, free in his life and
in his movements, free to enter and to leave, free to express
himself, and free to do what he says.
For your information, and for that of the ambassadors of
foreign countries and newsmen and guests, no Libyans have
had their property removed since the emergence of the
revolution, except for those cases in which the wealth of the
people was recovered from whom it was stolen.
I ask anybody to come from any place whatever to carry out
an investigation with any Libyan who says: This building is
inherited from my great-great-grandfather, or it is a result of
my own sweat, and toil. Or: I was walking along the road and
found gold and silver, and this gold and silver legally
became my property and with it I bought this building. Or:
I was at home and heaven opened up on me and poured gold
and silver. Or: This farm had manna fall on it from God.
I would like to see a single Libyan who can come and
challenge and say: This is the result of my own sweat and
toil; this farm, or land, or building, or this money in the
bank, or this car, or this company, is mine. If so it will be
given back to him tomorrow. All the money that was taken
was stolen from its real owners, the people, from the sweat
of the peasants, the. workers, the small employees, and the
people who were exploited.
ARAB AFRICA
Who owns the apartments? Who owns the fields? Who owns
the companies? Who owns the land and construction sites
which we took? Who? It is the unemployed poor citizens?
Never, it is either a minister, ambassador, deputy, teacher,
or lawyer. It is an exploiter entrepreneur, broker, prime
minister, king, crown prince, or his cousins. These are the
people who own Libyan land: it is those [words indistinct].
Show me an ordinary Libyan who used to own some land.
This happened only after the revolution, when the law on
urban construction was issued, following which any citizen
was allowed to have access to a loan. A soldier who resigned
from the Army got a loan and built five apartments. After
that he gave them back to the people when he realized that
it was not right to borrow from the bank in order to build
five apartments. That person became a rich man immedi-
ately. He used to be a soldier, a humble shopkeeper, or a
shepherd, then he became wealthy.
It is because of the revolution for the days we allowed you to
enjoy.. You were nobody and you became somebody. You
should not turn your. back on the revolution, saying: I
managed to build five apartments. It is the revolution which
told you to build five apartments. One could find that one
person owns Tripoli, Benghazi, or [word indistinct], or they
are shared between two or three persons. All the construc-
tion land is shared between them to the extent that no
citizen is able to bury or build until he pays this exploiter.
We have recaptured the land. Go and bury, take your land,
build on it, farm it, build houses. This exploiter fled the
country and joined Zionism, while saying: They took my
land from me. How can one say that they took your land
from you. You should say that the Libyans recovered their
land from you. That would be right.
I challenge any Libyan, and I am ready to open an inquiry
on any case of this sort-not even an inquiry carried out by
a Libyan, you may choose any world commission, neutral
people that the world trusts, or you may bring a lawyer from
Austria or Honduras-and come and tell me that the
revolution took this land from you, or this money, or this
building because it was inherited from your grandfather and
was created by the sweat of your brow. He could be assured
that he will recover it tomorrow. Anybody who has inher-
ited properties, or proerties that they built themselves, or
even if they believe that they have properties dating back to
the days of the Ottomans, will be able to have them.
If anyone had buildings that were recovered under the
so-called Law No 4, these buildings were taken from the
wealth of the people. Someone comes to the bank and asks
the bank: give me 1 million. The bank gives him I million.
He built a building with the money. We came and retrieved
it. He comes along and says: They have taken my building.
Afterwards he flees abroad. Why have you fled? He says:
Because they have taken my building. Don't say: They have
taken my building. Say: The building which I took from the
people, the free people, has been recovered from me.
[applause]
Subsequently you can also say: I was angry because the
people recovered their money. Fair enough. He is angry
because the people recovered their property. We accept this
willingly. He is angry because the people have recovered
their wealth.
As for those properties which were stolen, they have been
returned to the people. The Libyans who are on the run
abroad think that they are being targeted becuse they were
deprived of their land, their farms, their palaces, and their
apartments. That is why they fled, because they thought they
were criminals. No, let them come back home because the
Libyan people are not after their lives, they are after their
fortunes, and they have recovered their wealth. Let them
come back home.
Anybody who returns is allowed to be a member of the
people's congress and entitled to express his opinion. He
will be allowed immediate membership in the people's
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congresses, and may say that he has a right, that he is being
persecuted, and that he has opinion better than yours, and
that in my opinion that a Libyan [words indistinct]. Let him
come and contribute.
Anyway, we challenge, we challenge. They think that we
throw Libyans out of the country, deprive them, and if they
return to the country, we will kill them. I challenge them
here: Any Libyan who returns to the country, and if there
are Libyans, abroad, will be a member of the people's
congresses and express the opinions that they air abroad
here inside the country. We are not afraid of them. The
person who is afraid is the one who expels and imprisons
people.
If we are afraid we are not revolutionaries. If you are afraid
of something you should tackle it and destroy it. We are not
afraid. The one who, is afraid is the one who clings to power,
rigs elections, and makes his son hereditary. He is afraid
that the people will tell him that they do not accept his son.
He can be afraid of the opposition; the one who rules is the
one who can be afraid.
As for the Libyan people, it is they who rule. If anybody can
oppose the Libyan people, let him come and attack the
Libyan people. As for me, there is nobody who can challenge
me. Can they challenge me in a place which is threatened by
U.S. raids? I am wanted by international imperialism. If
someone thinks he can have my position he is welcome to it,
but I know that nobody is brave enough to even sleep by my
side. [applause].
We invited presidents and kings, but they were afraid and
said that they were unable to come to Libya. We invited
them to a summit conference and they.declined, because
they said that AI-Qadhdhafi's position is targeted. There-
fore, there is nobody who can challenge me. Anyone is
welcome to challenge me for this dangerous position.
As for the Libyans, it has become clear that they are able to
establish their state any way they want it to be. It is the right
of the people's congress to dispute anybody they believe is
interfering in the freedom of any Libyan citizen. Let it be
clear: We have security apparatuses, we have specialist
military intelligence in the army. All countries of the world
will have a military intelligence until the establishment of
the people's militia or people's defense, according to the law
which you have created.
You have a criminal investigation body, and it is known that
every country has a criminal investigation body; they are
secret people searching for and investigating secret crimes.
.No naive person would abolish these things. The United
States, which boasts about human rights, has the strongest
mechanisms for controlling the citizen.
An American who was in Libya was sentenced to 90 years in
prison, despite the fact that his age was 70 or so. How many
years has he got to live? They still sentenced him like that. It
is a complete disregard and flouting of human rights. Yes, it
is desregard of human life to be sentenced to 90 years in
prison because he was in Libya. And who sentenced him?
U.S. intelligence trapped him and brought him to court and
then put him in prison.
18 ARAB AFRICA
The, American citizen is terrified of U.S. intelligence and
there is no one to abolish it, although these organizations are
created by governments, while here they are created by, the
people themselves, and you have got the Jamahiriyah Secu-
rity Body [Hay'at Amn al-Jamahiriyah], which is for
extermal security.
I know there are some complaints about these organs as they
discharge their duties. They might arrest somebody, not on
a mere whim, but out of a belief that he is conspiring against
the people's authority. This is clear. Or they might.tell
someone not to travel abroad because of conspiratorial
relations abroad-such cases exist in other countries. But
when the Libyan people feel-and I want to emphasize this
as the leader of this revolution, and you are not hearing this
from someone else [applause and chants]-if the Libyan
people have seen in their people's congresses that these
organs are interfering in their affairs, or controlling any of
their functions, or going beyond their duties which- are
drawn up by the people in the people's congresses, the
people are capable of intervening and putting an end to their
practices, and bringing those responsible to trial in a lawful
way.
A people's congress or a group of people's congresses can
hold a meeting and put on trial any such phenomenun. You
can change them, whether you say you want Mr X, Y, and Z
to be in the Jamahiriyah Security Body, X, Y, and Z in the
criminal investigation apparatus, and X, Y, and Z in the
military intelligence, or you can change them into a people's
committee or four people's committees, or you can change
them every month or bring a group of workers and peasants
to head these organs, or a group of doctors and students to
head them. '
You can do all of this because these are organs that are
under the people's masses' control. There is no ruler or head
of government who appoints them behind the back of the
people. They are popular organs for the interests of the
people. If you want to abolish them you can do that in one
day, and you have to do without them thereafter. Even if
you decide to abolish them, there will come a day when you
will regret it. Before even a year passes you will bring them
back-not after a year but after merely a few months you
would say that the foreigners have ambitions on us. There is
U.S. intelligence, the Mosad [word indistinct], and espio-
nage, and we have abolished the organs which were watch-
ing them.
These organs are under the authority of the people. After
what I have said who can today come and complain that he
is afraid of the body's officers, afraid of the criminal
investigation officers, or afraid of other officers? There is no
need for officers, you can change them into civilians. Put in
peasants, as I have told you. Take some officials and
workers of the cement company and make them criminal
investigators. Form a committee for them.
There is nothing like this anywhere in the world. Why is it
that the people today interfere in the business of the
government? The government knows its spies and its secret
officers who spy on the people. But when there is. no
government and no ruler, and the people govern themselves,
they are the ones responsible for these matters. This is- the
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new era which has started to emerge. Those who oppressed
their peoples and ruled them by iron and fire did not create
anything. They ended up in the dustbin of history and their
peoples were left feeble and unable to rise again without
them.
This is failure. If it had been useful one could have followed
it. It is failure because he who suppresses the people and
oppresses the masses and hates the masses and is afraid of
them has never succeeded. If he had succeeded we would
have followed him as from tomorrow, but he failed and
what was the end of him? The free peoples are the creators
of life and the ones who changed the map of the world. They
are the victors. Therefore, anything that stands in the way of
the freedom of the people must be removed.
As regards the Arabs, let all the Arabs hear: All the borders,
the Libyan borders, are open without any condition or
restriction to all Arabs from the ocean to the Gulf; they have
all the rights enjoyed by the Arab Libyans; they can work,
possess, reside, organize conferences, organize unions, and
behave like the rest of the Libyans, because this land is an
Arab land and we are only part of the Arab people. This
applies to all Arabs.
I will strongly oppose any Libyan at border points, airports,
or ports who would stop any Arab from entering. All right,
let me tell you, you are afraid of Arabs entering. Before these
cardboard states were created in the Arab homeland,
planned by colonialism, created in this form, and with kings
and presidents to rule them. Previous to this, Arab citizens
could not leave Morocco for Mecca, without a passport.
What happened? Tell me, what happened? Nothing hap-
pened. On the contrary, Arabs knew each other and coop-
erated with each other. They would come to us from
Morocco on foot, and we would play host to them, feed
them, offer them drinks, and give them old clothes.
Now, when you enter they ask you: Where is your passport,
who gave you permission, and how much money do you
have?
ARAB AFRICA
Arab workers who are in Europe and who suffer from
racism-particularly in France-have the right to enter
Libya as of tomorrow, and-they have the right to employ-
ment, residence, ownership, travel, entry, and departure,
just like the Libyan people. I hope that tomorrow 20 million
Arabs enter Libya; it would be an auspicious day. This is
Libya. This is Arab land. This is Arab unity. [applause]
All Arabs in the four corners of the world as they say, who
have fled repression, who are persecuted, by the police and
tyranny, must come to the land of freedom. All Arabs from
all over the world who have fled repression and injustice,
who lack the freedom of expression,, freedom of publishing,
freedom of scientific research,'and freedom of belief, must
come to the land of freedom, and I will promise to the world
that they can come and bring with them any neutral party to
verify that when they come to the Jamahiriyah they will find
that what I have said is true. No one would be [word
indistinct].
They will not be persecuted in the state of the Jamahiriyah
for the things they have been persecuted for in another Arab
country. All Arab scientists, experts, technicians, ordinary
citizens, traders, all Arabs who have fled repression and
injustice in the Arab homeland, can come to the land of the
masses, to the state of the masses, and to the free land. I
make this challenge, before the world.
Let them apply all the safeguards when they come here,
which will confirm the truthfulness of this statement. A
Libyan or non-Libyan Arab who has fled for any reason
related to freedom can come to enjoy freedom in the free
land. This land is determined to spread the sun of freedom
everywhere in the world. It is also determined to remain free
or die bravely on its feet.
Another challenge comes from the enemies of the Jamahi-
riyah and the enemies of freedom, who doubt our ability to
possess enough courage to create this state. In actual fact,
the cowards are not capable of creating it. The cowards are
afraid of the masses and are afraid of the fugitives. They are
afraid of those who are imprisoned. They are afraid of the
opposition. The revolutionaries are not afraid. They are not
cowards. It is not possible for a revolutionary to be a
coward.
As of today, any Arab-let Arabs from the ocean to the Gulf
hear me-Libya is their country. They can enter at airports,
seaports, and border points and I will oppose any Libyan
who would stop any Arab entering Libya. Any Arab entering
Libya is equal to the Libyan Arabs who are here. [applause]
If we ever hear of a Libyan People's Bureau abroad having
prevented any Arab from entering Libya unconditionally we
will send masses from here or masses from Banghazi to
storm them and destroy them. [words indistinct]
It has nothing to do with people's committees. I will
personally wait every day-some day at an airport, some
day at a seaport, and some day at a border point. [applause]
Let us see what would happen. Let us see what would
become of Arabs. An Arab comes to us, whom we do not
know. Just an Arab who wants to enter. Please enter. He
may steal, for example. That is it; he will be treated just like
a Libyan who steals. He kills; he will be treated like a Libyan
who kills.
If he is a coward it means that he is not a revolutionary. If
he is a revolutionary then he is absolutely not a coward. The
revolutionary does not act for his own benefit, because he is
aligned with others, irrespective whether they are in prison
or are fugitives abroad, or whether they are in opposition or
have right-wing or left-wing views. He is not afraid of them
because he is with the others.
There is a difference between the people about whom I am
talking and those who are hirelings, agents, or traitors. That
is another matter. Treason is condemned anywhere. The use
of force and treachery against the people are condemned.
Because you oppose me you try and kill me-this is con-
demned. I go along with you but you betray me-this is
treason and it is condemned.
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As for those who betrayed-I mean the Libyans who are in
prison, those who conspired with external quarters=such
conspiring is inspired from abroad and is linked to foreign
circles. This brings dishonor to its authors because such a
person will have conspired inside his own country with
someone living abroad. He loses the right to dissent and the
right to the revolution when he becomes a conspirator with
outside links.
Those who tried to use arms were thinking of their own
purposes. These are not included.in the list of traitors. With
the exception of these, I declare before the whole world that
these number less than. 100 persons throughout the 20 or 19
years of the life of the revolution. The revolution is nearing
its 20th year.
For the information of the foreign ambassadors, foreign
correspondents, foreign guests, the secretaries of the exter-
nal people's congresses and the secretaries of the interna-
tional people's congresses who are with us here, and the
secretaries of the pan-Arab people's congresses of non-
Libyan Arabs, and the rest of the world that is listening to
me at this moment; for your information, those who were
accused of treason-those whom this description fits and
who conspired with someone abroad or committed the
crime of treason, and treachery-and who were not
included in the pardon as a result of court sentences against
their treason, treachery, and conspiring from abroad, or
those whose cases are still pending before the courts, these
cases do not exceed 100 persons during a period of 19 years.
They are one category. As for the rest of the Libyans who are
imprisoned, they conspired to murder Mu'ammar al-
Qadhdhafi since 1970. This applies, for example, if some-
one thought of assassinating me, whether he is a military
man or a civilian, or he tried or thought of assassinating me.
Naturally, I have not been exposed to any assassination or
murder attempt which has not been announced abroad.
[applause]. There are some people who'have been arrested.
For these you. can stop the sentence against them because
they thought of killing Mu`ammar.
Concerning these people, so far as I personally am con-
cerned, I pardon them, whatever the verdict against them
whether at home or abroad, whatever the sentence that was
passed against them. This applies also to those Libyans who
conspired at home before the rise of the Jamahiriyah and
before the vision became clear to them; some of them might
have been sent to prison because they dreamed of the
(?vengeance) of people's power and they used to think that
there would be a military council and that it would establish
a military dictatorship.
However, it has dawned on them that there is no military
dictatorship by a military council, but it is a revolution with
popular roots; we organized it when we were students in
primary and secondary schools. We then formed the first
cells of this revolution. It was a people's revolution from the
start. But there were those who used to think that it was a
military revolution and military dictatorship. They con-
spired and have been arrested and sentenced.
There were those who thought that the revolution was a
right-wing move by nationalist officers or by officers who
were in the royalist army and who, therefore, must certainly
be right-wing, and consequently the revolution would be
right-wing and would prevent popular and progressive
movements. There were those who conspired in the name of
Marxism, or communism, or Trotskyism, or anarchy.
The revolution which has now been established in the
Jamahiriyah is the essence of the thoughts of the commu-
nists, the Marxists,. the anarchists, the utopians and the
isolationists,. those who believe in the virtuous city and
those who are searching for the lost paradise. They have all
become embodied in the Jamahiriyah. This is because
power, wealth,, arms and all assets.have fallen. into the hands
of the people in. an organized way through the people's
congresses and people's committees; and through congresses
and committees everywhere.
Now they are sorry because they believed thatthe revolution
was going to be abourgeois revolution. We have read their
circulars, and literature. They reflected the military bour-
geoisie. They were becoming used to the fact that a number
of Arab military revolutions turned into a military bourgeoi-
sie and then into. a military dictatorship. The nationalist
revolution was aborted and did not reach the stage of the
social revolution.
Those who believed that a military council was ruling
them-we could have established a military council in the
first days, and they would not have known who was Mu'am-
mar, who was this or that man-they would not know that
this was a revolution. They were puzzled. We were second
lieutenants and first lieutenants, they said that military
men, low-ranking officers seized power. How can it be? We
are majors and and lieutenant colonels?
Come on, let us do something. We will pardon these people.
This is my own responsibility. No one can object to it.
Tomorrow I will demolish the prison and set them free.
[applause]
All the Libyans of this type-except those about whom I
talked to you, not more than 100, those who are accused of
treason and connection with foreign circles, and who tried
to use force to achieve other aims-for the rest of the
Libyans, and I am not at all embarrassed to cite this figure
before the world, because tomorrow they will be free men-
they will be free. Approximately 400 Libyans will be free
tomorrow. Their relatives and families should go tomorrow
and be outside the prison in Tripoli in order to demolish this
prison. [applause]
As of the beginning of the people's congresses and the
drafting of their resolutions all the extraordinary courts will
be abolished. Only the people's court, which will be formed
by the people's congresses, will remain and all cases will be
referred to it. [applause].
In order that I may not be accused of being more good-
natured than necessary and that I may not be accused of
being naive by some people, I am fully aware of the fact that
prophets, heroes, and saints have been murdered. Christ
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was crucified according to the Christian and Jewish faiths,
although this is not'the case in the Koran. The Koran says
that it appeared to them that they crucified him; but they
did not kill him absolutely.
ARAB AFRICA
You must understand it so that it is not said that all people
are good and that one does not seek revenge from wise
people and that saints are revered and venerated. No. They
killed prophets; I am very aware of the end of people like
these. Consequently I (?do not rule out) anything. Because
even if you reached the level of the messiah you can be
murdered; or expelled from your country.
There are two things history can never say about me. One is
that it never can be said that this man imposed on his people
a certain thing. I told you last year-and I reaffirm it today. I
affirmed it on a previous occasion during one of the national
celebrations: You are free. Tomorrow you could hold your
popular congresses and decide anything. You can change the
form of the Jamahiriyah, adopt any system. The important
thing is that you are a free people who have made a decision.
Free people executed their own hero Danton.
Free people can change the Jamahiriyah or change the form
of the governing system. They could give it another name or
change its contents; the important thing is that this takes
place through the free popular will of Libyans who are all
equal and among who there is no distinction made between
an employee and an employer. No one should own an
apartment building and rent apratments because then the
tenant would be under the owner's control.-There should not
be a feudalist along with a worker on the land of the
feudalist.
The important-thing is that the Libyan people are all equal
in power, wealth, and the bearing of-arms. Your resolutions
will- thus be resolutions decided by masters who occupy
positions and who decide whatever they wish. The only
thing is that you should reach agreement among yourselves.
The problem is how the masters are going to agree on one
resolution.
But according to their faith Christ said: If anyone strikes
your right cheek, offer him your left cheek; if anyone forces
you to walk with him one step, walk 1 mile with him; and if
anyone quarrels with you about a part of your shirt, give him
your entire shirt. [sentence as heard]
This Messiah is unparalleled in tolerance. Nevertheless they
tried to kill and crucify him. What crime is -it for a man to
say: If anyone strikes you on your right cheek, offer him
your left cheek? Even so, they tried to kill him. Today they
believe that they did kill and crucify him.
Of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab it was said: You have ruled and
dispensed justice; therefore you have earned a nap under the
tree, 0 'Umar. Despite this, 'Umar was killed. He was
assassinated while he was leading the dawn prayers. He was
stabbed from behind despite that he ruled with so much
justice that he was not afraid to sleep under a tree. But
'Umar al-Mukhtar [as heard] encountered a Satan, someone
who was a tyrant in recent history, someone who did not
uphold these values and did not appreciate 'Umar al-
Mukhtar's place in history or his justice-malicious, racist,
bribed, he stabbed him and killed him.
'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may God venerate him, died by assassi-
nation. He was killed while he was leading dawn prayers.
'Uthman ibn 'Allan was killed while he was reading the
Koran at dawn. The three wise Khalifahs-as they are called
in the history of Islam-the three of them were assassinated.
And Savaranola, who turned Florence into an earthly para-
dise, was a saint-the revolutionary saint. They burned him
at the stake. This was his end. Prophets were killed. Abra-
ham Lincoln had no parallel in America; he liberated the
slaves. But he was killed. He was assassinated.
Saint Just, the just saint in the French Revolution, was
killed at the age of 27. Robespierre, one of the heroes of the
French Revolution, liberator of the masses, was destroyed
by the masses, who crushed his head. They killed him.
Danton, the one who stirred the French people, a hero of the
French - Revolution, was led by the French people to the
guillotine. But when he was about to be beheaded they asked
him to say his last words. He told them:- I am happy. They
asked: How can you be happy? He said: I want the French
people to be free. As long as the French people have become
free enough to sentence me to death, I am quite assured. My
wish has been realized; this nation has become free; it has
sentenced Danton to death.
Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi the (?spirit), the messenger of
nonviolence, was killed. Prophets, messengers, saints,
heroes were assassinated. This.does not mean that if one is
a saint or a prophet, or if one turns his left cheek after being
struck on the right cheek, he can escape assassination. No.
The question of murder and assassination is something else.
A person leaves prison and he is assassinated. This is
another matter:
You can decide on anything that relates to your destiny.
There is one thing history will not write: namely, that I
forced my people to accept the Green Book, or the Jamahi-
riyah system, or the form of rule. No, it is before the world
to see. It is on the record. Put it in an outside library, even
outside Libya, so that no one can burn it. Do that so that it
will be an undertaking and a commitment on my part that
this nation is free and can tomorrow hold its congresses and
decide anything and change anything, even the form of the
state. You can change everything.
Second, fear can never be linked. to me. Someone who
imprisons people is somone who fears them. I do not fear
people at all. Tomorrow, along with the families of the
detainees, I will assault the prison in Tripoli with tractors
and will demolish it and set free 400 Libyan detainees. I am
prepared before the world to give these 400 people weapons
and let them be my guards. [applause]
I can never be a jailer. I 'am a liberator. However, the
security organs, the Libyan people, and the popular con-
gresses might give me problems. They might say: You have
released those who conspired against us and who betrayed
the. people's authority. However, everyone has some good
hidden in him. If he can get hold of it, he can turn from a
Satan into an angel. This is a historic opportunity for 400
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Libyans and for the hundreds of Libyans who are their
families. I personally take responsibility for this. I am not
afraid of them. I am not afraid of the jailed ones. If i
imprisoned them, it was for your sake.
Or you imprisoned them later because you (?thought it was
necessary). I am not afraid of anyone, whether at home or
abroad. I am not afraid of the United States and its might
and the NATO alliance behind it. [applause] Their bombs
were falling on us and we were saying: We will never change,
ever. We will continue. Would I be afraid of a handful of
people who failed in their attempts? Tomorrow I am pre-
pared to give them weapons and walk among them. Tomor-
row foreign newsmen can come with me to the prison and
make sure that I have demolished the prison and set free
these inmates, that I am liberator of individuals and the
masses' nations and can never be a jailer. [applause]
I am on the side of freedom. Tomorrow a Sudanese song
should be sung which says: In the prison [word indistinct]
dawn has broken; neither prison nor the jailer remained.
[applause] The dawn resembles two wings which emerged
from across the horizon, and the sorrow which sent tears
from those eyes no more, and no more handcuffs or being
scattered in every valley. [poetic verse] It is a joy that comes
forth from every sad heart, 0 my country. Let us go forward
and the struggle continues. [applause and shouts of acclaim]
Paper Reports Building of Defenses in Aozou
LD031324 Kuwait KUNA in English 1222 GMT
3 Mar 88
[Text] Geneva, March 3 (KUNA)-Libya had started
building major fortifications at key points in the Aozou
strip, whose ownership is disputed by Chad and Libya,
the Swiss newspaper "LE MATIN" reported Wednes-
day.
Building work on a massive network of defensive positions
started two months ago, with some of the biggest concen-
trations in the Korizo zone in the extreme north-west of
Chad, at the town of Aozou, the air bases of Tanua in
south-west Libya and Maaten es-Sara in the south east, it
said.
The defences were very similar to those built by Morocco in
the Western Sahara, with a basic structure of walls of rock
and sand between three and five metres high and six metres
wide.
These were protected by fields of mines, missiles, mobile
radar systems, 122-mm artillery, multiple rocket launchers
and SA-7 grail anti-aircraft missiles.
Some 12,000 men and 250 tanks manned the fortifications,
and these were backed up by TU-22 bombers, 35 Soviet
Hind helicopters and numerous attack planes and transport-
ers, LE MATIN said.
The construction amounted to a defensive measure against
any eventual organisation of african unity decision assign-
ing the strip to Chad, it commented.
Brazilian Firm Contracts To Provide Missiles
NC031807 Cairo MENA in English 1738 GMT
3 Mar 88
[Text] Paris, March 3 (MENA)-The Brazilian firm
"Orbita" has recently signed a 2 billion dollar contract
with the Libyan Government whereby Brazil is to pro-
vide Libya with missiles of over a 600 mile range.
The Arab-language magazine "AL-WATAN AL-'ARABI"
to be published here tomorrow said that American officials
have expressed their dismay over the deal to the Brazilian
Government.
Al-Mahdi: Foreign Troop Presence Not Allowed
JN031845 Khartoum SUNA in English 1740 GMT
3 Mar 88
[Text] Khartoum, March 3 (SUNA)-The Sudanese Pre-
mier Al-Sadiq al-Mahdi today stressed that Sudan would
not allow the presence of foreign forces within its terri-
tory.
In a statement here today the prime minister said that "in
principle" the Sudanese Government would not take part in
the conflict between Chad and Libya.
He pinpointed, however, that there had been foreign troops
in the Sudan-a reference to the Libyan troops which
entered disguised in the relief aid workers [as received], as
was reported at the time-but the premier asserted that
these troops were moved outside the Sudan.
He said the Armed sources [as received] would soon issue a
statement explaining the whole situation, (on the Sudanese
western borders). It is to be recalled that Chad is allegedly
saying Libyan troops are currently stationed in western
Sudan.
Meanwhile the interior minister has recently said the dete-
riorated security situation in Darfur, western Sudan, was
not due to armed robbery but to the presence of foreign
troops in the area. He did not however, spell out the nature,
nor the number nor the nationality of these troops though it
is believed he was referring to what is known as the
Libyan-backed Islamic battalion.
Armed Forces Issues Communique on Darfur, West
JN041156 Khartoum SUNA in English 1005 GMT
4 Mar 88
[Excerpts] Khartoum Mar 4 (SUNA)-The governor of
Darfur Region `Abd al-Nabi `Ali Ahmad has categori-
cally denied the presence of any Libyan troops in the
region.
The governor said in a press statement issued here yesterday
that the current war in Chad had led many anti-government
tribes to [words indistinct]. `Abd al-Nabi `Ali Ahmad
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