ARTILLERY COLLECTION: THE WORKING OUT AND CONDUCT OF COMMAND-STAFF AND TACTICAL EXERCISES WITH MISSILE UNITS AND LARGE UNITS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 41
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 7, 1962
• Content Type: MEMO

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
S ^RFT
~. 7~~ -23 fig
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.
7 MAR 1962
MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of.Central Intelligence
SUBJECT : ARTILLERY COLLECTION: "The Working Out and
Conduct of Command-Staff and Tactical
Exercises with Missile Units and Large Units"
1. Enclosed is a verbatim translation of an article which
appeared in a Soviet Ministry of Defense TOP SECRET publication
called Information Collection of the Artillery (Informatsionn
Sbornik Artillerii .
2. In the interests of protecting our source, this material
should be handled on a need-to-know ba$is within your office.
Requests for extra copies of this report or for utilization of
any part of this document in any other form should be addressed
to the originating office.
A?
Richard Helms
Deputy Director (Plans)
Enclosure
M S14C PFT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
Original: The Director of Central Intelligence
cc: Military Representative of the President
Special Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
The Director of Intelligence and Research,
Department of State
The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
The Director for Intelligence,
The Joint Staff
The Assistant Chief of Staff ~i'or:,:Intelligence,
Department of the. Army
The Director of Naval Intelligence
Department of the Navy
The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence
U. S. Air Force
The Director, National Security Agency
Director, Division of Intelligence
Atomic Energy Commission
National Indications Center
Chairman, Guided Missiles and Astronautics
Intelligence Committee
The Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Deputy Director for Intelligence
Assistant Director for National Estimates
? Assistant Director for Current Intelligence
Assistant Director for Research and Reports
Assistannt Director for Scientific Intelligence
Director, National Photographic Interpretation Center
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
COUNTRY''` USSR
SUBJECT "The Working Out.and Conduct of Command-Staff
and Tactical Exercises with Missile Units
and Large Units", Information Collection of
the Artillery No. 49,
DATE OF INFO: 1959
APPRAISAL OF
CONTENT Documentary
SOURCE . A reliable source (B).
Following is a verbatim translation of an article
titled "The Working Out and Conduct of Command-Staff and
Tactical Exercises with Missile Units and Large Units"
which appeared in Issue No. 49, 1959 of the Soviet military
publication Information Collection of the Artillery
(Informatsionnyy Sbornik Ar er This publication is
classified SECRET by the Soviets and originates with
the Artillery Headquarters of the Ministry of Defense. It
is printed by the Military Publishing House of the Ministry
of Defense in Moscow. Dates of issue and other publishing
data are not available.
~ CF~i.PFT.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
50X1-HUM
The Working Out and Conduct of Command-Staff and Tactical
Exercises with Missile Units and Large Units
The working out and conduct of command-staff and
tactical exercises with missile units and large units
are fairly new, and the experience-gathered in this
sphere is for the time being insufficient. This article
represents one of the first attempts to pass on to the
troops the available experience in organizing and carrying
out exercises.
The article does not claim to give an exhaustive
treatment of the contents of the subject, and examines
only individual aspects of this many-sided subject.
Since the readers are familiar with the general
principles concerning the methodology of working out
operational-tactical exercises, the article examines
basically only specific features of the planning, the
working out, and the conduct of exercises with missile
units and large units.
In missile units and large units, both command-staff
and tactical exercises can be carried out.
A command-staff exercise of a unit (large unit) can
be carried out independently or simultaneously with a
command-staff exercise of a combined-arms (tank) army
of a military district. The commander and the staff of
a unit (large unit) can work out the problems of control
of the unit (large unit), directly. subordinated to the
troop commander (artillery commander) of a front or army.
-2-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 L
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
A command-staff exercise will achieve the required
results to a large extent if it is carried out on the
terrain with the use of the means of communication. At
the location of a unit (large unit), staff training can
be carried out as preparation for the exercise, including.
a sand table, without moving out onto the terrain.
Taking part in a command-staff exercise are the:
commander and the staff of a unit (large unit), the
deputies of the unit (large unit) commander with their
.services, chiefs of services directly subordinated to
the unit (large unit) commander, command subunits
(podrazdeleniye upravleniya) and subunits.
On a command-staff exercise the commanders of
missile units (large units) gain experience in making
decisions in the combat employment of the unit (large unit)
and in assigning tasks to their subordinates, in the.
organization and planning of combat operations of the unit
(large units), in the organization of coordination with
reconnaissance units (subunits)'and troops, in the
organization of supply of the unit (large unit) with
special armament and special fuel, and the organization of
repair and evacuation of special armament, as well as in
control of the unit (large unit) during the course of the
execution of combat tasks.
The staff of a unit (large unit) works out the problems
of planning and organizing combat operations of the:unit
(large unit) and the assignment of tasks to the subordinates,
the organization of control of and aid to the subordinates
in the execution of the tasks, and ensures that the commander
of the unit (large unit) has continuous control during the
operation.
During the course of a command-staff exercise, the
commander of a unit (large unit), the staff officers, and
the chiefs of services acquire experience in carrying out
their functional duties and the command subunits in
ensuring the control of the unit (large unit).
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 -I-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
While at a command-staff exercise combined with other
arms of troops, a considerable opportunity arises for
thoroughly working out the problems of coordination in an
operation, at an independent exercise of a unit (large
unit) it is easier to master the particular features of
its combat employment.
A tactical exercise of a unit (large unit) can be
carried out jointly with troops as well as independently.
In the latter case, the unit (large unit) carries out. a one-
sided exercise. At a tactical exercise, all facets of
tactical preparation are worked out in the complex with the
problems of fire control, special preparation and the
supply of technical equipment (the supply of special armament,
special fuel, and the repair of the special armament).. In
carrying out a tactical exercise the following are achieved:
the operational training of NCO's and enlisted men within
their subunits; the combat coordination of subunits., units
and large units; and the training of the commanders. and
the staffs in the control of their subordinates when carry-
ing out combat tasks. In the course of a tactical exercise,
both the staffs and the subunits acquire skill in the sphere
of planning the use of atomic weapons and operations in a
complicated situation during a change of the positions they
occupy under conditions of heated combat against enemy
weapons of mass destruction.
A tactical exercise is conducted on the terrain in
specific areas with the entire composition of the unit
(large unit) taking part and with strict adherence to the
requirements of secrecy. The number of missiles and the
quantity of fuel must as far as possible be sufficient for
carrying out the operation at both the technical and firing
positions at the same time.
A tactical exercise of a unit (large unit) may commence
from the line of march. The duration of the exercise
depends on its aims and tasks. When carrying out the tasks
without a change of the combat formation of the unit.(large
unit), the duration of the exercise may take up to, 2, 4
calendar days for a unit and 4 to 5 calendar days for a
formation. If in the course of the exercise of the unit, a
single change of the battle formation is envisaged, the
duration of the exercise may increase from 4 to 5 up to
8 to 10 calendar days (depending on the type of missile in
service with the unit).
SECRET _
4-
SE"ET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
Field firing in the course of tactical exercises is
carried out at special firing ranges. In the territories
of military districts-- where --i firing -ranges -do-not-exist, the
training of the unit (large unit) for carrying outa firing,
ends at the-starting up of the missile engine on its
preliminary phase (predvaritelnaya stupen raboty) - ".burn-
out" ("prozhig") or with the readiness of the battery to
fire (combat launching).
Composition of the Directing Staff of the
Exercise and the Functions of the. Officers Concerned
Depending on the scale and aims of the exercise, the
direction can be carried out by the artillery headquarters
of the-district-or by the commander of--a missile large unit.
The composition of the directing staff and the number
of assistants of the director and umpires-are determined by
the type of exercise, the themes, the training aims and tasks
of the exercise, as well as whether the exercise is carried
out with-a unit or a large unit'. The directing-staff is
usually-appointed from the composition of the staff officers
directly subordinated to the director of the exercise. In
order to strengthen the directing staff, the director of
the exercise can get the required number of officers from
the subordinated subunits, units, or staffs not taking part
in the'exercise.
The total number of umpires brought in for the exercise
depends on the type and tasks of the exercise.
So, when conducting a tactical exercise with an engineer
brigade, it is advisable to determine the composition of the
umpires approximately as follows:
-with the commander of the brigade - one;
-with the chief of staff of the brigade - one;
-with the chief engineer of the brigade - one;
E E
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 __ _
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
~SEIYtET
-with every chief of a service - one each;
-with the-battalion-'commander and his staff - one;
-with the battery commander - one;
-with the data-computing section-(otdeeleniye-podgotovki
dannykh), geodetic survey platoon (vzvod geodezicheskogo
obespecheniya) and the mobile meteorological station
(podvizhnaya meteoro'logicheskaya stantsiya) - one-;
-with the two sections of the lateral radio-correction
(bokovaya radiokorrektsiya - BRK) system and the radio-
technical station to check the accuracy of fire (when they
are present-In the brigade) - one each;
-for collecting the'records (zachet) from the'launch
batteries and the technical battery - one umpire for each
section of a launch battery and three umpires for each
checkout section of the technical battery.
When carrying out a battalion tactical exercise it is
advisable to appoint one umpire-to each of the following:
the data-computing section, the geodetic' survey-platoon,
and the mobile meteorological station. For collecting the
records on a tactical exercise of a battalion equipped with
8A61 missiles, it is advisable to appoint an assistant to the
umpire for'each section (platoon) of a launch battery, three
assistants for a checkout section and one assistant to every
team of the assembly and fueling section of the technical
battery.
When carrying out a command-staff exercise, the number
of umpires is determined by the complement of the staff and
the command subunits taking part in the exercise, and will
be considerably fewer than during a tactical exercise.
The functions of the officers directing an exercise are
determined by the type and the scale of the exercise. The
director of the exercise defines the aims of the exercise,
personally elaborates or directs the elaboration of a
tactical task, the plan of preparation, and the plan for the
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
~ .SE(IRET
conduct of the exercise, prepares-the--directing staff
and umpires, determines the materiel required, and organizes
and checks -the preparations-of the staff of the unit
(large_ unit) taken on the - exercise
When preparing a command-staff as well as a tactical
exercise, the director defines the following:
-the training aims of the exercise, the particular
tasks (training problems), and the sequence of their
fulfilment;
-the commencement and duration of the exercise and
the--time for-the-critique;
-the composition and distribution of umpires;
-the exercise area and arrangements for its protection
and maintenance of secrecy;-
-the requirements in motor transport and POL.
When organizing a tactical exercise for a unit (large
unit), the director of the exercise, besides the above
points, also defines:
-the training tasks as regards firing and fire control,
as well as tasks for the subunits (units);
-the proposed combat formation of the unit (large unit);
-the equipment issued to the unit (large unit) taking
part in the exercise, including the means of checking the
results of firing (at exercises with field firing) ;
-the arrangements for topographic, geodetic, and
meteorological support;
-the arrangements for engineer support;
-the number of missiles and the required component parts,
the expendable elements and special fuel components;
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
-the requirements in hoisting transport, test-launching,
fueling and other equipment, as well as-the expenditure of
the resources of the_._spec#al assemblies -equipment;
-the order of coordination with the staff of the firing
range (when the exercise is carried out on the territory
of a firing range with-field firing).
During the period of preparation for a tactical
exercise before its commencement, the director, together
with the officers of the-directing staff-and the umpires,
carries out a reconnaissance of the exercise area, in the
course of which the following are defined more precisely:
-the concentration area of the unit (large unit);
-the siting area and the probable disposition of
combat formation elements of the unit (large unit) with
regard to observing the requirements for secrecy;
-the movement route of the columns and main routes
for deployment of the unit (large unit) in the siting
area;
-the. location of the directing staff and the organization
of communications with the umpires;
-the guarding of the exercise area.
When carrying out a tactical exercise on the territory
of a firing range (with field firing), the reconnaissance is
carried out with the representatives of the firing range.
In this case, the director of the exercise defines in addition
the area (areas) of the targets, the firing positions from
which firing is permitted, and how the firing range services
can be utilized (if firing is only permitted from fixed
pads (statsionarnaya ploshchadka)), the deployment area
for launch and technical batteries (if firing is permitted
from field pads (polevaya',ploshchadka)), the possibilities
and the order of receiving special fuel and special armament
from the firing range depots, the organization of communica-
tions for employing bilateral observation posts and
reconnaissance aircraft to determine the results of the
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 - ---
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
firing and intersection of the points of impact of the
missiles, as well as, security measures while carrying out
the f field f-iring-.
In the course of-the exercise, the director controls
the work of the directing staff, his own assistants, and
the umpires to-ensure--that all the assigned -training
targets and tasks are- carried - out- by , the' unit- (large unit)
and he also assigns tasks to the subordinate commanders
and checks, through the staff, with the assistance of the
umpires and personally,that the commanders and the staffs
have acted correctly and in good time, as well as the
subunits (units) taking part in the exercise.
The directing staff of the exercise works out on the
basis of the instructions given by the director, the
concept of the exercise, the plan of the organization and
preparation of the exercise, the reconnaissance plan for
the exercise area, the tactical assignment and plan for
the conduct of the exercise, and also carries out a check
on the preparations of the staffs (of the subunits and
units) and the umpires for the exercise.
When preparing an exercise the directing staff organizes
the supply of the staffs (of the units) with maps of the
exercise area, issues to the subunits the allotted special
armament and special fuel, motor transport and the resources
of the assemblies of special equipment (resursy agregatov
spetsialnoy tekhniki), organizes the commandant's services
in the exercise area and neutral communications, and works
out the security measures and the maintenance of secrecy
during the exercise.
In the course of the exercise the directing staff also
carries out the arrangements normally made at any other
exercises.
The general function of the umpires at the exercises is
the creation oan instructive s uation which would
ensure the attainment of the assigned training aims and
would assist the commanders and staff officers in making
correct decisions.
FT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
~ -1 . - f.'' - rl
Besides their general functions, the--umpires at missile
unit exercises have to take into account the-specific
features of planning and employing missiles with atomic
and conventional charges, particularly on such moving
objectives as enemy missile launchers, a temporary
concentration of his reserves, etc.
If at the exercise it is intended to work out the
problems of the last minute reconnaissance of the objectives
before delivering atomic strikes, fire control, the
assembly and loading of atomic ammunition in the process
of the operation, then the umpires must create a suitable
training situation for this.
In the course of the exercise, the umpires must also
see that the data for firing are correctly prepared, that
orders are given properly and efficiently carried out, note
the time taken and accuracy in carrying out the tasks,
see that concealment is observed, check that the regulations
on care and upkeep of combat equipment are observed and
insist on the observation of security measures.
When at a tactical exercise the security measures are
violated, the umpire suspends the work and immediately
makes a report concerning this to the director of the
exercise.
The preparation of the umpires for the exercise is
personally carried out by the director of the exercise
on a general basis.
Organization and Preparation of an Exercise
The theme of the exercise is determined in accordance
with the combat training program of the units, as well as
with the operational training program, taking into account
the special features of the district concerned.
As a theme for an exercise, for example, the following
could be chosen: "The operations of a missile unit (large
unit) in an offensive (defensive) operation of a front
(army)"; the theme for an exercise can be narrower problems,
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
for example: the combat operations of a missile unit
(large unit) to ensure the commitment into battle of the
second - echo lon of a front; the operations of a missile
unit in a meeting engagement; combat with enemy means
of atomic attack; etc.
In accordance with the type of missile equipment
available in armament, the unit can work out the theme
of an exercise when operating under direct subordination
to the artillery commander of a front or the artillery
commander of an army.
The training aims and tasks are determined by the
degree of preparedness of the commanders, the staffs,
and the unit (large unit) as a whole, as well as by the
place and role of the particular exercise in the general
system of the operational-tactical and the combat training
of the troops.
The following training aims and tasks can be set on
exercises:
-to check the combat efficiency of the unit (large
unit) and its readiness for offensive (defensive) operations;
-to train the unit's (large unit's) personnel for
operations during a march, when deploying into combat
formation, when preparing for fire and when firing;
-.to perfect the skills of the commander, the staff of
the unit (large unit) and the commanders of the subunits
in controlling the subordinated units (subunits) on the
march, when deploying into combat formation, and when
carrying out combat tasks;
-to train the personnel in the operations required
for the elimination of the consequences of an enemy atomic
attack, etc.
After determining the theme and the training aims and
tasks of the exercise, the director defines more exactly
the period of time and the area of the exercise, based on
the operational and combat training plan, and on the
organizational instructions.
ET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 ------
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5 UM
On the basis of the instructions of the superior
headquarters concerning the supply of technical equipment
for a tactical exercise, the director and the directing
staff allocate the resources issued *(special armament,
special fuel, motor transport and POL) among the subunits,
and if necessary prepare a requisition giving details of
the time and place for delivery of the special armament
and special fuel. The quantity of material-technical
equipment released may influence the working out of the
concept and the plan for carrying out the exercise
(with very minimum means, the subunits will take part
with reduced personnel, particularly in the technical
battery and the transport battery, special training tasks
can be carried out by several subunits and units using
a limited number of missiles, and so on).
The preparation for an exercise by the directing staff
is carried out in advance and usually includes the
following:
-the instructions of the director of the exercise to
the staff on the organization and working out of the
exercise;
-the reconnaissance of the earmarked exercise area
and the movement routes;
-the working out of the exercise (the formulation of
the concept and tactical task, the plan for carrying out
the exercise, and the preparation for the critique);
-the engineer, topographic and geodetic preparation
of the exercise area;
-the determination of the composition and the tasks
of the umpires as well as the preparation of the directing
staff and the umpires for the exercise;
-the preparation of, material-technical equipment;
-the organization of neutral communications and
secret registry;
-the preparation of the unit (large unit) taking part
in the exercise.
12-
~S\\ET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
The tactical concept of the exercise is worked out by
the "airecting staff an s Confirmed _,y the senior artillery
commander (artillery commander of the military district,
chief of the firing range).
The tactical concept of an exercise usually provides
the following:
-the general aim of the operations and combat tasks
of a missile unit;
-the phases of the exercise, their duration and depth;
-the approximate position of the two sides, the adoption
of combat formation and the fire tasks to be performed
by the unit (large unit) in phases;
-the tentative rates of advance and the movement of
the unit (large unit) during.,the, attack .
The general aim of the operations and the combat tasks
are set in accordance with the theme and training aims
of the exercise. The nature and the content of the fire
tasks are determined by the instructions of the firing
course and of the director of the exercise (when carrying
out field firing they should be coordinated with the chief
of the firing range).
When determining the phases of the exercise and their
duration, it is necessary to follow the training aims
(tasks) of the exercise, the instructions of the firing
course as to the time required for working out firing and
fire control tasks as well as the operational-tactical
standards of missile units.
For example, the tactical exercise of a unit (large
unit) can be conducted in the following three phases:
the alerting (podyem) of the unit (large unit) and the
preparation for executing combat tasks; the selection and
equipping of combat formations, the deployment into combat
formation, the organization of fire control during the
artillery preparation for an attack; fire control and control
of the maneuver of the unit (large unit) in the course of
the offensive operation.
~ SEZET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2
012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
\\
50X1-HUM
The training problems are determined by phases of the
exercise and depend on the aims of the exercise.
To the basic training problems which are worked out
in the course of an exercise, the following, for example,
can pertain:
-the alert of the unit (large unit) and its move to
the assembly area;
-the working out of a decision by the commander of
the unit (large unit) and planning the combat employment
of the unit (large unit);
-the organization of the reconnaissance of the movement
route (routes), the siting area, the detraining station,
the depots for special fuel and the preparation of the
siting area from the engineer, topographic and geodetic
points of view;
-the march of the unit (large unit) and the deployment
into combat formation;
-the technical preparation of the missiles at the
technical and firing (launching) positions;
-the control of the unit (large unit) when carrying out
planned and unplanned tasks (in the second and third phases
of the exercise) ;
-the control of the unit (large unit) when changing
locations in the course of the operation;
-the elimination of the consequences of an enemy atomic
attack on the positions of the unit (large unit) in the
second or third phase.
After defining the training aims,.the phases of the
exercise and the training problems, the directing staff
must assign the fire tasks (planned and unplanned) for the
unit (large unit) according to the phases of the exercise
and the expenditure. of missiles required for them. When
determining the expenditure of missiles, it is necessary
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 _
 L_
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
F.(' ,T
to separate the targets on which field rounds ("burn-outs")
are fired, and the actual expenditure of missiles and
special fuel. As basic fire tasks, the following can be
considered, for example: the destruction of enemy means
of atomic attack (one planned and one or two unplanned
targets), the destruction of enemy reserves, command
posts, and airfields during the period of the artillery
preparation (counterpreparation), the destruction of
railheads, airfields, ports, supply bases, and other
objectives in the course of the operation (in each phase
one.or two planned targets per unit and one unplanned
target). In order to create the most instructive situation,
it is advisable before carrying out a combat task to provide
for the substitution of. some targets for others (the
objective has changed its location or stopped-functioning,
a more important objective has appeared, and so on).
It is advisable to do the subsequent working out of
the tactical concept on a map. At the. same time, if the
exercise (tactical or command-staff) is conducted on the
terrain, on the territory of a firing range or a military
district, the routes for the execution of the march and
the exercise area are determined in accordance with the
instructions of the senior commander and in agreement
with the local authorities.
The practical work of drawing up the concept on a
map can be carried out in the following order:
-assign the axis route for moving the unit (large
unit) to the siting area and for its movement during
the exercise;
-evaluate the exercise area and assign the siting
areas with the following distances between them: in
defense, 50 to 80 km; in offense, 100 to 120 km (when
using missiles with atomic warheads for part of the subunits,
50 to 60 km);
-assign the lines of our troops and of the enemy in the
initial position for the exercise;
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
-define the zone of the offensive (defense) of the
army and front, and the immediate and subsequent tasks
(the depth and the zone of defense), as well as the
lines of defense of the enemy, taking into account the
subsequent lines of deployment of a unit (large unit)
of missile artillery;
-assign the position of friendly troops and of the
enemy for each phase and training problem (the location
of the unit and large unit when working out the training
problems);
-determine the capabilities of a unit (large unit)
of missile artillery in carrying out the fire tasks from
every position, and assign the objectivesfor destruction,
the times and duration of their subjection to strikes,
as well as the expenditure of missiles.
The movement of a unit (large unit) during an offensive
affects its capabilities of conducting fire, so both these
problems must be' coordinated.
. When planning the movement of a unit (large unit)
during an offensive, it is advisable first of all to define
the tasks (lines), for the carrying out of which it is
essential to have a unit (large unit) in readiness to
open fire from a new area, a siting area, a time for
movement and the line on which the movement should begin
when reached by our troops. And then, in accordance with
the above-mentioned problems, there should be noted or
given in detail the movement route, the time of readiness to
open fire from the new siting area, sequence of the anti-
aircraft artillery cover during the march and at the new
siting area, as well as the railheads (depots) for supplying
the unit (large unit) with special armament and special
fuel.
The movement of the unit (large unit), the position
of our troops and enemy objectives, as far as time is
concerned, are defined on the basis of the established
(assigned) rates of advance of our troops (enemy troops).
MW SEfkET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
~ SEMET
The tactical task is the main document on which the
commanders and e s affs of the subunits and units can
work during the initial period of the exercise. The task
must show all the necessary data for the operations of the
commanders and the staffs on the exercise. The formation.
and the contents of the task depend on the theme of the
exercise, and the training aims and conditions under
which it is decided to begin the exercise. So, if the
tactical exercise of a unit (large unit) begins after an
alert and the time is limited for preparatory measures
to be taken, the tactical task may simply consist of
the battle orders of the senior artillery commander
(the artillery commander of an army or a front) and
reference data.
When conducting a command-staff or tactical exercise
under the conditions of the deployment of the unit (large
unit) from the area in which it was located, the tactical
task usually includes an orientation of the situation,
information on the state and location of the unit (large
unit), the tasks of the senior commander, and reference
data.
When conducting an independent tactical exercise with
a unit (large unit), it is advisable to state the following
basic problems in the tactical task:
Section I The general situation at the beginning
of the exercise (information on the position,
state,and nature of the operations of our
troops and those of the enemy before the
start of the exercise) .
Section II - The local situation (the disposition.of
the unit, information on its subordination,
whether at full strength, supplies, etc.).
Section III- The tasks of the unit (large unit).
Section IV - Information on the tasks and the
capabilities of the attached weapons,
on the tasks of the units and large units
coordinating in the destruction of the
same objectives.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 ~
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
I.. /
TT SEC1ET
Section V - Reference data (on the weather conditions,
on the rising and thee-setting of the sun,
about the state and load capacity of
bridges and roads, the conditions of
rivers, and so on) as well as instructions'
on the preparation of the participants in
the exercise.
The following are issued as appendices to the task:
planning documents and extracts from documents of the higher
headquarters which are essential for the work of the
participants in the exercise (the firing chart - grafik
ognya) or an extract from the firing table, a list of
coordinates of the control points of the geodetic grid,
extracts from the plans for sending transports with the
special armament and special fuel, etc.) as well as diagrams
and information on the situation.
In the plan for conducting the exercise the following
points can be included:
-the theme and training aims of the exercise;
-the area and the duration of the exercise;
-the phases of the exercise, training problems and
the time allotted for working them out;
-the combat (firing) tasks of the unit (large unit)
when dealing with the training problems, and the
expenditure of missiles (the number of missiles being
prepared at the technical and firing positions) in
carrying out these tasks;
-the operational and sidereal times when completing
the training problems and the content of the introductory
data (vvodnyye) according to these times;
-the operations of the director and the umpires;
-the trainees' sample solutions.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
50X1-HUM
In the plan for conducting the=exercise it is necessary
to show in each phase (training problem) the decision of
the combined-arms commander and the general situation,
with the nature of the operations of enemy and friendly
troops. The introductory data showing the decision of
the combined-arms command and the general situation,
as well as the introductory data for working out particular
training problems must only give the concept of the
decision or the general principle of the situation. The
accumulation and making more precise of such introductory
data is done by the umpires in the course of the exercise,
based on the further instructions given by the director
and on the general concept of the exercise.
In isolated cases on the most important problems
(mainly those that have not been worked out), detailed
introductory data with an alternative solution can be
given in the appendix to the exercise plan in written
form or as a diagram with a legend. The sequence of carry-
ing out the basic measures must be defined in the exercise
plan (in the text or in the appendices): the time and the
place for handing over the task, as well as the time and the
place for hearing the decision (order) of the commander
of the unit (large unit); the time of the move of the unit
(large unit) to the exercise; the period of time of return
to the location area, the time and the place of the general
critique of the exercise; the measures as regards cryptographic
control and the procedure of using the neutral communications,
the location of the directing staff and the sequence of
its moves.
The preparation of the exercise area will only be
required when carrying out a tactical exercise with a
unit (large unit). The main attention is then given to the
engineer and the topographic and geodetic preparations.
The engineer preparation of the exercise area is
organized in accordance with the formed situation and
includes the preparation of the roads for executing the
march and the cross-country routes for moving the unit
(large unit) to the siting areas. When preparing the roads
and the cross-country routes, the following work must be
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
carried out: increase the turning radius.-as required (not
less than 15 meters), flatten the gradient and slope of
the roadbed to meet the technical requirements of the
combat equipment used in the exercise, and increase the
width of the roadbed, especially on curves. On routes
where bridges and marshy sectors are encountered, it is
necessary to check the load capacity of the bridges and
strengthen them to the requirement (40 tons) and construct
corduroy roads with surfaces of sand or crushed rock on the
marshy sectors of the road.
The experience of exercises shows that engineer
preparation of an exercise area with difficult terrain
conditions and limited resources may take up to one month.
The topographic and geodetic preparation of the exercise
area consists of marking the available points on the terrain
of the State geodetic grid (the restoration of destroyed
marks, pyramids, etc.) and in the development of the special
geodetic grid up to the density of 1 control-point
(opornaya tochka) for not more than 20 square kilometers.
The points of the special geodetic control grid (opornaya
geodezicheskaya set spetsialnogo naznacheniya - c SS)
must also be marked on the terrain with conventional signs.
The extent of the topographic and geodetic preparation in
the exercise area is defined more exactly by the directing
staff after studying the State geodetic grid catalogue of
control points and the reconnaissance of the area.
The subunits of the military topographic service of
the military district headquarters (firing-range) are
detailed for carrying out the topographic and geodetic
work in the preparation of a siting area and platoons
of the geodetic support of missile units not taking part
in the exercise can be detailed. It may take from one
week to a month to carry out the work of geodetic preparation
of the exercise area, depending on the number of siting areas
selected for deployment and on the means employed.
When carrying out an exercise with field firing, it is
necessary to provide for the preparation of the firing range
and the appropriate target situation in which tasks can be
given on the destruction of enemy weapons of atomic attack,
control elements, reserves, and other important enemy targets.
SECRET
i 3UA I nuri
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
Preparation of a Unit (Large Unit) Taking Part in an Exercise
A unit (large unit) taking part in a tactical exercise
must complete all of its preparation by the start of the
exercise. Before the commencement of a command-staff
exercise, the individual preparation of the staff officers
and the subunits taking part is completed.
The preparation of a unit (large unit) or a staff
for an exercise includes :
-the theoretical training of the enlisted men, NCO's,
and officers (the study of the necessary sections of the
instructions and directions, the firing courses and
regulations);
-the practical training in studying functional duties,
and acquiring skill in carrying out their duties (work on
special and technical preparation, calculation of the
essential data, and working out combat documents, etc.);
-increasing the efficiency of the subunits and the
staffs (staff training, work on fire and technical preparation
among the subunits, etc.).
Besides the above-mentioned measures, it is necessary
to complete the preparation of technical equipment with the
carrying out of the necessary repairs of combat equipment
and the replenishment of the reserves to their established
levels before the start of the exercise.
To check the readiness of the unit (large unit) or of
the staff before the move of the unit to the exercise, it
is advisable to bring in the umpires, who determine the
state of the equipment, the strength and training of the
personnel, etc. Any deficiencies disclosed must be
rectified in a time set by the director of the exercise.
Before the start of the exercise, the director of the
exercise must check the state of the unit (large unit, staff)
taking part and must be convinced that by its preparation
and material-technical equipment, the subunits and the
staffs are capable of carrying out the tasks that confront
them in the course of the exercise.
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640 001-5
The Conduct of an Exercise
Depending on the type of exercise and the training aims,
tactical and command-staff exercises can begin with the
handing over of the tactical task or on an alert of a unit
(large unit), and is carried out continuously in the course
of a specified time.
If in the course of a tactical exercise it is intended
to check that the subunit is fully mobilized and prepared
(mobilizatsionnaya gotovnost) and functions smoothly, it
usually begins with the alert of the unit (large unit) and
its move to the assembly area, after which the tactical
task or a battle order from the senior commander is handed
over to the commander of the unit (large unit).
A command-staff exercise and a tactical exercise where
the checking of the alerting of the unit (large unit)
on receipt of an alarm is not intended, begins, as a rule,
with the handing over of the tactical task, in which the
time must be stated when the staff or the unit should adopt
combat formation or be in the concentration area.
After the transmittal of the tactical task, all the
subsequent work on directing the exercise is carried out
according to the exercise plan. The plan worked out before
the start of the exercise is elaborated in the course of
the exercise in accordance with the decisions of the
commanders and the staff officers.
The director of the exercise elaborates the exercise
plan, usually by phases, after acquainting himself with
the decision of the commander of the unit (large unit)
and passes these details to his assistants, the officers
of the directing staff and the umpires. The elaboration
of the exercise plan is given by the director at periodic
meetings of the umpires or personally during the course
of work through the staff officers or through the existing
channels of communication.
During the course of the exercise, the director and
the umpires continuously add to the situation and complicate
it, causing great pressure in the trainees' work.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
Besides the introductory data which determine the
preparation and carrying out of the combat tasks, the
director and the, umpires must provide introductory data
for organizing and carrying out measures of combat security
as, for example, for subunit (unit) operations against attacks
by enemy sabotage detachments, against air attacks, and
the contamination of the siting area (fully or partly) by
toxic and combat radioactive substances. The nature of
the introductory data must complicate the work of the
personnel under training but must not disrupt the carrying
out of the projected training tasks.
If, for example, in the course of the exercise it
is intended to work out the carrying out of a new firing
task with a move of a missile unit from an area contaminated
with toxic substances, then the intoductory data on the
enemy chemical attack must assist the personnel under
training in taking just this decision.
When the instructions in the introductory data give
larger areas of contamination than are necessary for
completing the problem given, then the trainee may make
the decision to change the combat formation of the whole
unit.
This decision, although perfectly correct according
to the introductory data, will mean, however,that the
training problem will not be worked out.
In other words, the contents of introductory data
must assist in working out the main problems assigned
in the course of the. exercise.
The umpires with the launch and technical batteries
must in the course of the exercise provide introductory data
in which certain instruments (assemblies) of the missile
and the aggregates of ground equipment are notionally out
of order. As a result of such introductory data, the
commanders of the subunits must make their own decision on
the replacement of the instruments (assemblies) by their
own forces from the spare parts reserves (ZIP) or organize
their repair by the repair workshops of the unit (large
unit). On arrival at the repair workshops, the assemblies
and the aggregates that are notionally out of order are
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5 --~_
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
thoroughly inspected. The personnel of the repair work-
shops replace these assemblies and get ready to repair
them. The umpires-check the organization of-the technology
of the repair process for the individual assemblies and
aggregates. The notional unserviceability of instruments
(assemblies)of the missiles and of the aggregates of ground
equipment must be coordinated with the exercise plan and
exclude the disruption of the basic arrangements limiting
the course of the exercise: (the readiness of the unit
to fire, or the periods of "burn-out", the start of the
move to a new siting area, etc.). The notionally un-
serviceable instruments (assemblies) and aggregates are
brought into operation after their "repair" or by the
beginning of the next training problem.
In the course of the exercise it is essential to
see that documents are passed to the higher staff in
good time, and that subordinates receive their tasks in
time, as the preparation of the missiles for firing takes
considerable time.
The location of the directing staff and umpires'
organization during the exercise is determined by the type
of exercise, the problems to be completed, and the local
conditions.
It is advisable to end a tactical or a command-staff
exercise by creating a situation which completes the tasks
previously given, and which requires a transition to
another type of combat operation (from defense to the
offensive, from the offensive to pursuit) or to the
regrouping of the unit (large unit) on a new axis.
.All the elements of engineer preparation of a unit's
combat formation prepared (dugouts and trenches for the
aggregates of the ground equipment, cable-net trenches,
shelters, etc.) must be thoroughly filled in after the
end of the exercise or in the course of the exercise
after changing positions.
~ SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
The Critique and Report on the Exercise
A critique completes a tactical or command-staff
exercise. During the critique, the exercise is summed up,
the operations of those taking part are evaluated, tasks
are laid down to perfect the combat training of the unit
(large unit), with regard to the experience of the exercise,
and problems for research (experiment) and improving the
efficiency of the subunits and the staffs are formulated.
The critique of an exercise has, therefore, great educational
and training significance, and requires thorough preparation.
The preparation for the critique begins at the same
time as the working out of the pan for conducting the
exercise. Moreover, even before the beginning of the
exercise, in the materials for the critique the general
aims of the exercise are shown, the principal theoretical
tenets for the operations of the troops and the unit
(large unit) according to the theme of the exercise, are
set out, the training aims and the tasks of the exercise
are given, as well as the tactical situation for the
operations of the troops and missile unit (large unit).
The directing staff prepares diagrams of the general
and local situations, in which it is intended to carry
out the basic tasks of the exercise.
An appraisal of the work of the commanders, the staffs,
and the subunits, as well as an evaluation of the execution
of the task and the exercise as a whole, is made on the
strength of the reports of the umpires, the personal
observations of the director of the exercise,. and the
officers of the directing staff.
Based on the reports of the umpires and the documents
of the staffs taking part in the exercise, the directing
staff prepares the material on the operations of the unit
(large unit) during the exercise (diagrams, tables,
graphs, etc.).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
The basis for determining the unit.(large unit) evalua-
tion for the exercise are the efficiency record cards
(kartochka slazhennosti) of the subunits (unit exercise
record cards) and the evaluation of the work of the
commander, the staff, and the services of the unit (large
unit).
In the efficiency record cards of the subunits an
evaluation. is given of special and tactical training, with
indications of the positive and negative sides of the
exercise, the reasons for shortcomings, and also recommenda-
tions for their elimination. The general evaluation of the
efficiency of the subunit is determined on the basis of
the evaluation of tactical and special training.
In the unit (large unit) exercise record card the
conditions of carrying out firing tasks are shown, an
evaluation is made of how the firing tasks and the tactical
tasks were carried out, and a general evaluation of the
exercise made out on the basis of the evaluation for
carrying out the firing and tactical tasks. Besides this,
the degree of efficiency in carrying out tasks, the
positive and negative sides of the exercise, the reasons
for shortcomings, the conclusions of the director of the
exercise, and the observations of the senior commander
are recorded in the exercise record card.
The critique of the exercise is carried out after
processing and analyzing the exercise material in the
exercise area or upon the return of the staff (unit,
large unit) to their own locations. General and particular-
critiques are carried out with the personnel that have
taken part in the exercise. The officers brought in for
the general critique of the exercise are selected by the
director of the exercise... When carrying out a command-
staff or a tactical exercise of a unit, all officers
taking part in the exercise are brought in for the general
critique.
When carrying out a tactical exercise of a missile
large unit,'the general critique is attended by officers
up to and including the commanders of subunits (batteries)
and their. equivalents.
SE MET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
RET
At the general critique the director of the-exercise
gives an account of the problems in the same sequence as
on all exercises: at the same time as showing the aims
of the exercise, clarifying the training tasks and
analyzing the actions of the commanders and the staffs,
specific examples are given of how the preparation of
the missiles for firing was carried out, how quickly
the special ammunition was assembled, to what extent
the combat formation adopted was satisfactory for timely
execution of the tasks, in what sequence the preparation
for opening fire was carried out in the course of the
operation for the destruction of enemy means of atomic
attack, how accurate were the strikes on the reserves
moving up, how amendments were introduced into the,., original
plan for the employment of atomic weapons in connection
with the alteration of meteorological conditions and the
operational and tactical situation.
The problems suggested for the critique can be
considerably altered, depending on the assigned training
aims set for working out on the exercise. Only one thing
is important:at the critique, the main attention should be
given to the special problems without which the unit cannot
successfully carry out its combat tasks.
In the course of the critique, the director of the
exercise can cite examples of the operations of missile
units (large units) taken from the experience of previous
exercises.
. The critique is carried out separately with the
enlisted men and NCO's. These critiques are carried out
by the director of the exercise or he instructs his
assistants or the commanders of the subunits to do so.
Such a critique of general problems must give an analysis
of the special preparation, the efficiency of the various
subunits, and the knowledge of their equipment exhibited
by personnel.
Based on the conclusions on the exercise and the
instructions of the director of the exercise,'the commander
of the unit (large unit) issues an order giving the achieve-
ments and failures revealed during the exercise and the
measures to eliminate the shortcomings in combat training.
SECPT
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
'RF.T
The report on the exercise is usually compiled by
the directing staff on the or er of the senior commander,
so that the experience acquired can be disseminated for
use in training other missile units (large units), as
well as to familiarize the officers of the central
directorates and military schools of the Ministry of
Defense, who make use of them in the course of their duties.
The report shows the theme, the training aims and the
tasks of the exercise, the time and the place of the
exercise, the subunits (units, large units) and the
staffs taking part, the organization of the directing
staff and the umpires, and the organization, planning,
and the material supply of the exercise.
The report contains an analysis of the decisions of
the sides, the course of the exercise, the operations of
the commanders, the staffs, and the units taking part in
the exercise, the quality of planning is determined
and the degree of training and combat preparedness of
the missile unit, conclusions are made on the exercise
conducted, and the measures which will be necessary to
execute to eliminate the defects revealed, as well as
suggestions on new ways and methods of the combat
employment of units or of their organic organization are
outlined. The report may contain suggestions for improv-
ing organization and for carrying out similar exercises.
Appropriate maps, diagrams, and copies of individual
documents deserving attention and study must be attached
to the report.
After reviewing the general principles of the
organization and method of carrying out exercises with
missile units, a concrete example for working out such
an exercise is given. This example is given for one
particular problem and not all the problems examined
in it are set out exhaustively or in full.
IQMRET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
An Example of Working Out a,Concept and Plan -for Conducting a
Tactical Exercise of an Independent Engineer Battalion (Divizion)
Let us suppose the artillery commander of a district
has decided to carry out a tactical exercise with one
battalion of an engineer brigade of the Reserve of the
Supreme High Command (RVGK) on the theme of "Operations
of an Independent Engineer Battalion in an Offensive
Operation of an Army in the Initial Period of a War".
In the course of the exercise (see sketch) the task set
is to work out the march and deployment of the battalion,
to plan the combat employment of the battalion, and to
control it in an attack with a change of its combat
formation. The area of the exercise - (env.) Brussow,
(env.) Furstenberg, (env.) Bad-Wil'kak, (env.) Perleberg,
(env.) Mirow, Ferdinandshof. The route of the movement:
Dobrzany, Stargard, Szczecin, Pasewalk, Strasburg,
Strelitz, Wittstock, Dannenwalde. The commander of the
engineer brigade of the RVGK is appointed director of
the exercise. The security of the exercise area is the
responsibility of the director of the exercise.
The elaboration of the task and plan of the exercise
is entrusted to the brigade commander.
The 1st Independent Engineer Battalion, billeted at
Karwitz, of an engineer brigade of the RVGK, is selected
to take part in the exercise. The battalion concentration
and assembly area after an alert is a forest east of
Dobrzany. The battalion is at 90 percent strength for
personnel and 100 percent--for equipment. One launch
battery is equipped with the launching assembly 8U218,
and the other launch batteries with launch platforms
(stol) 8U28 and tracked erectors 8U27. The technical
battery and all the launch batteries have standardized
equipment for checkout and preparation.. for firing of
missiles 8A61 and 8Kll.
The battery possesses three combat training missiles
8A61 and one combat training missile 8K11 (without a
special charge).
~ ill ~SEtET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029400640001-5
The training aims of the exercise can be defined as
follows:
50X1-HUM
-checking the combat efficiency of the battalion
and its subunits, and their readiness for combat operations,
in the initial period of war;.
-the training of the personnel of the battalion in
carrying out a march, in deploying into combat formation,
and in preparing to fire in a short period of time;
-perfecting the expertise of the battalion commander,,
and the commanders of subunits in controlling the subunits
on the march, while deploying into combat formation and
in the course of carrying out their combat tasks;
-perfecting the expertise of the commander and the
staff of the battalion in the control of a maneuver of
the battalion while carrying out its combat tasks.
For firing and the control of fire, it is intended to
work out tasks 3D and 4Da in the firing course (applicable
to a. battalion equipped with 8A61 and 8K11 missiles).
When working out the exercise and in the course of it,
provision can be made for carrying out of the following
training tasks:
-an alert and the move to the assembly area;
-reconnaissance of the movement route and the siting
area, engineer preparation and geodetic support for firing
(to carry out this.training problem it is advisable to
create a situation in which the battalion arrives from
the depth of the country, is unfamiliar with the terrain
and so has not carried out any work in the preparation for
deployment);
-a march of the battalion and the deployment into
combat formation;
-the planning of the combat employment of the battalion;
-30-
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
-the technical preparation of the missiles and the
control of the battalion when carrying out its combat
tasks;
-the reconnaissance of new siting areas, the routes
for movement and the control of the battalion when moving
to new siting areas;
-the deployment of the battalions in the new siting
areas and the carrying out of combat tasks;
-the elimination of the consequences of an enemy atomic
attack and the restoration of the combat effectiveness of
the subunits of the battalion.
It is.advisable to plan the exercise to last 6 calendar
days with the following times:
start
17.7;
end
22.7;
critique of the exercise
24.7.
Officers of the 2nd and 3rd Engineer Battalions should
be detailed as umpires, so that the other units of the
brigade should get the greatest benefit from the experience
of the exercise being conducted.
When working out the concept of the exercise, the move
of the unit (battalion) in the first period of the exercise
to temporary positions with a subsequent move of the battalion
during the exercise can be considered: one launch battery
to move in two bounds of 50 to 60 km each and the main body
of the battalion in one bound of 120 to 130 km (the depth
of the exercise area) .
To prepare and carry out the exercise it will be necessary
to detail:
-for the disposal of the directing staff:
-a brigade HQ's battery (to organize command
communications and neutral communications, guards
and defense of the headquarters);
-31-
SSE ET
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 =
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
-a platoon of geodetic support of the 3rd
Battalion (as part of the geodetic detachment to
check the geodetic work being-carried.-Out);
-part of the brigade motor transport platoon
(for transporting the directing staff and the umpires);
-an administrative platoon;
-a detachment for guarding the exercise area
(personnel to be detailed from 2nd and 3rd Battalions);
-at the disposal of the 1st Battalion's commander:
-a platoon of geodetic support of the 2nd Battalion
(as part of the geodetic detachment assisting in the
topographic and geodetic preparation of a combat
formation in the initial period of the exercise);
-a repair workshop for special armament of the
brigade commanded by the deputy for special armament
of _the 3rd Battalion (for notional operation as a
mobile repair-technical base (podvizhnaya remontno-
tekhniches kaya. baza - PRTB).
The engineer preparation of the route is to be carried
out by the forces and means of the combat engineer (inzhenerno-
sapernyy) platoons of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions, operating
as the engineer siting company (inzhenerno-pozitsionnaya
rota) of the front, to be completed by 10.7. The geodetic
preparation of the exercise area: checking of the points of
the State geodetic grid (GGS) and the creation of a special
geodetic control grid (OGSS) in the siting areas to be
carried out by the forces and means of the platoons of
geodetic support of the 2nd and-3rd Battalions operating as
sections of the front geodetic detachment, all work to be
completed by 12.7.
The requirements for special armament and special fuel,
motor transport, POL, and other resources must be worked
out by the directing staff in conjunction with the chief
engineer, the commander of the rear and the commander of the
technical unit by the end of 3.7. `A detailed requisition
with calculations must be prepared for submission to the
district headquarters by 4.7.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 ------
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
SE?ET
To support the work of the technical and launch
batteries, the battalion is to be issued with six combat-
training missiles 8A61 and 8Kll with the necessary complete
set of equipment, spare parts, and special fuel. The
shortage.of missiles can be made up for the period of the
exercise from the 2nd and 3rd Battalions.
The exercise is to be carried out using maps with
the scale of 1:200,000, 1:100,000 and 1:25,000.
Let us examine the working out of the tactical
concept of the exercise by using a definite example.
1. The evaluation of the exercise area and the
selection of areas of ep oymen The exert se area has a
depth o . ng into account the instructions of
the director of the exercise, assign the following: siting
area No. 1 (env.) Schoenhausen, (env.) Torgelow, (env.)
Pasewalk; the temporary firing positions are 15 to 20 km
south of this area (in the woods southeast of Pasewalk);
siting area No. 2 for the deployment of one launch battery
in the forest southeast of Strelitz (at a distance of
55 to 60 km from area No. 1); siting area No. 3 for the
deployment of the entire battalion (env.) Pritzwalk, Garz,
(env.) Blumenthal (at a distance of 120 to 130 km from area
No. 1).
Siting area No. 1 (the initial position for the
attack) is selected on the flank of the main grouping of
the army; siting area No. 2, in the area of the forward
edge-of our troops or in the immediate depth of the enemy
disposition; siting area No. 3, in the direction of the
main strike of the army troops (on the flank the troops
of the army may lag behind in the forward movement).
2. The concept of the operations of our troops. The
troops 6T-We- army carry ou an-offensive operation in
the initial period of the war. In these conditions one
can take the rate of advance as 50 to 70 km per 24-hour
period, the depth of the operation as up to 200 to 250
km, the duration of the operation as 4 to 5 calendar days,
and the width of the zone of the attack as 130 to 150 km.
50X1-HUM
I1 50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
SEA\ET
The initial position of our troops for an offensive is taken to be
at a distance of 30 to 50 km from siting area No. 1. With a depth of
210 to 250 km for an offensive operation, it is necessary to plan one
more move for the battalion in order to support the subsequent
offensive operation of the army (the second move should only be
considered when planning combat operations).
The dividing lines of the army, the initial position, the tasks of the
troops in the operation and the grouping of forces are shown in the sketch-
plan of the exercise (see sketch).
3. The concept of enemy operations. The enemy forestalls our
troops in their deployment and begins combat operations 1 to 2'calendar
days earlier.
Taking into account the aggressive operations of the border troops
and the delivery of a counterstrike, as well as the nature of the terrain,
the advance of the enemy into the depth of our disposition is to be limited
to 40 to 60 km. Therefore, the nominal demarcation line (national frontier)
should be fixed 40 to 60 km from the selected initial position for the
attack of our troops.
The initial position of our troops for the offensive is shown as the
line of deployment of the main forces and is planned in accordance with the
decision of the army troop commander in the depth of his disposition, in
case the enemy forestalls our troops in deployment at the beginning of
military operations.
Assign the lines of defense in the depth of his territory taking into
account the nature of the terrain, their distances from each other and the
distance from the nominal demarcation line, the periods of readiness of the
independent engineer battalion from the new positions (see sketch), as well
as mutual relation with the tasks of the army (see sketch).
The likely objectives of destruction for the battalion can be the means
of atomic attack ("Corporal", "Redstone", ") tador"), the reserves and the
control points, as well as fixed installations (the railway stations of ,
Uelzen, Lueneburg, Rotenburg, fwo or three place names missin7 Hamburg,
Bremen, Oldenburg, the ports of Wesermuende, Wilhelmshaven).
* * *
When working out the exercise it is advisable to calculate the periods
of time for carrying out the tasks to conform with the concept and scope
of the offensive operation, and also, taking into account the possibilities
of moving the missile artillery. The prescribed timing is shown below
in the form of a table.
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
4. Periods of time for carrying out the tasks and
the position of the independent engineer battalion. During
the period of e exercise s g at ours and
dark at 2000 hours.
1. Enemy commenced
military operations
2. Army troops go over
to the attack
4. Carrying out of
the first task
Move of the army
troops to area no. 4
Move of the army
troops to area No. 5
Carrying out the
subsequent task
210-250
22 to 23.7
Morning
23 to 24.7
Time taken in
carrying out
the task
0300 17.7
0430 19.7
30-36 hours
1200-1500
20.7,
2 calendar
Morning (o600)
days
21.7
2 calendar
Morning
days
21.7
3-4 calendar
Morning
days
4-5 calendar
days
(b) Operations and position of the lst
.Independent ineer Battalion
1. Alert of battalion
and move to assembly
area
2. Reconnaissance of
siting area No. 1
0200 17.7
-34-
A
3 to (6-8)
hours
by the end of
17.7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 ~__
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
.SEMET
50X1-HUM
Designation of tasks
(measures)
3. Mave of battalion to
siting area No. 1 &
part of the launch
batteries to temporary
firing positions
4, Readiness of the
battalion to conduct
fire (deployment &
technical preparation
of the missiles).
5. Reconnaissance of
siting area No. 2
6. Move of one launch
battery to area No. 2
and its deployment
Reconnaissance of
siting area No. 3
Move of the battalion
to area No. 3 and its
deployment
Reconnaissance of
siting area No. 4
10. Move of one launch
battery to area No. 4
11. Reconnaissance of
launching area No. 5
12. Move of the battalion
to area No. 5 and its
deployment
Depth of task
(distance of
bound) in km.
60-70
60-7o
Time taken in
carrying out Operational
the task time
5 to 8
hours
10 to 12
hours
2 to (4-6
hours
5 to 1
hours
4to6
hours
20.7
130-140
(6-10)+ 1
from
2030 20.7
hours
to 08
00 21.7
3to4
21.7
hours
5o-6o
120-130
(4 1) from 2030 21.7
hours to 0200 22.7
4 to 6
hours
from 2030 17.7
to 0430 18.7
(technical battery
by 0200 18.7)
by 1600 18.7
by the end of
19.7
from 2030 19.7
to 0300 20.7
up to 2030
22 to 23.7
(5-8) + 1 from 2030
hours 22 (23).7 to
0600 23 (24).7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5 -_-`_-~
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13 CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
Notes: 1. The planned speed for the move: Motor
convoys - 25 kph; tracked vehicle
convoys - 15 kph; for deployment and
preparation for firing of aggregates
on tracks - 1 hour.
2. The launch battery from areas No. 2 and
4 correspondingly moves to areas No. 3
and 5 after the battalion's deployment
there.
3. The operations of the army troops and
the battalion from the morning of 21.7
are played out without moving the
battalion (when it is located in siting
area No. 3).
In the course of the move, the battalion as a whole or
one launch battery must be ready to conduct fire while the
troops are moving up to the lines:
-siting area No. 2 (to be ready 0300 20.7; the troops
have been advancing for 24 hours and have covered 50 to
70 km) Teterow, Wittstock, Rhinow;
-siting area No. 3 (to be ready 0800 21.7; the troops
have been advancing for more than 48 hours and have covered
110 to 120 km) - the line of the immediate task (Bruel,
Ludwigslust, Bismarck);
-siting area No. 4 (to be ready 0200 22.7; the troops
have been advancing for three days and have covered
120 to 150 km) Boizenburg, Wittingen;
-siting area No. 5 (to be ready 0600 23(24).7; the
troops have been advancing for 4 to 5 calendar-days and
have covered 200 to 250 km - the line-of the subsequent
task is Hamburg, Soltau, Celle.
5. In order to determine the fire capabilities of the.
battalion in destroying objectives and to establish the
order for carrying out the tasks, it is advisable when working
out the exercise to draw up the following auxiliary table.
When determining the capabilities of the battalion, it
is advisable as a rule to have one battery (that'is moved
independently) in reserve to deal with sudden tasks that may
arise.
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
C
0
.1
9
h
Y
R.
O
M
,
n
ro
Y
r.
C~L'X~AVT
C'
C
ro
w
(%4LT9WTW .e'3 ?v11)
UOTjrggeq ay4 ?O
saT~T jTgeur:l aLa
ppopp 1 1
1 ? V. h
to V. V r-
43.U.-1 1 .1-4 VI
C) t) ..~ ' V V t7
W 4: ?7 1- y~ ..
EroC:rr4 E V?p
? 1~ A q
? ? c
.y 01 rt ,i
F. 0 1 10.1 ~1
lop,
u 1 ..4 L. / O .F
.0 WO r1 O +1
ILI
C Q O 1. G VV h O 1! S. r-4 *b C CY
4) K. Li ? u jQ.54 C1 V : VW'.C
O M) L F. - fr g 1. Y G^
1.
.443.rl ro ?- R ?d Rf.t
E. CJ E F N F E C: O
C,
E C E ~
0O 1+O R. O r.NN'
43 %-10 :..-~... .w.. .? N
N 0 N
N qt`t? to ~. i 0
nc: O 4 u i.O~O 4O A00
R. 1 .-'1 7 .~ ) .-4 N N I+1
a O 0 0 c+ H 0
r- 0 0 C4
.C ``C) r? Ki -O O, ..7 0 0 .-I th 0
O~ rl O ra O r N N tV N 0
.. !:
%w c-
.C{ ? tl t7
S. . vrl C.~ V 4
+'C1 S. .-1 r-1
ri 4-' F-4 O U N U
U I+S O V 4 r-
ro?/ ? V .-4 1 ? I.I44 CJ L% O .%1 .' ? Imo (44 ..
o.3 ~?ra .1 ri V U +)ra w
C
43 ~3
n V +1 .~ O Y ro V .1 O C 43 ro U +1
Y c I. C I I 11 I..C C ro s+ u ro it n Z d
E C. U 10 .) ' a-' 0. a -- p ?e ?? o u
4W SEC UT
4' 4
C O
M
c
N U
ro ~
0
4) ..1
M h
.a n
O %71
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
 I
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5
Taking into account the planned objectives for
destruction, the expenditure for the operation is drawn
up:
8K11 missiles - 10 (2 in reserve)
8A61 missiles - 60 (11 in reserve).
The requirement of special charges with yields of
30kt-2; 40 kt - 1; 60 kt - 2; 80 kt - 1; 100 kt - 2;
150 kt - 1; 200 kt - 1.
When the task is set for deployment in preparation
for firing, the battalion must be given fixed objectives
for destruction (railway stations - targets 48, 49 and 55).
In the course of the operation, besides the main
targets, alternative targets are laid down (ports, railheads
targets 69 and 70).
I 50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29400640001-5