DAIREN MACHINE FACTORY NO 17: CONSUMERS OF ITS PRODUCTION, INPUTS, PLANT FACILITIES WITH ENCLOSED SKETCHES, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND OTHER DETAILS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600050412-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 26, 2011
• Sequence Number: 412
• Publication Date: May 14, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY Cni.na
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
SUBJECT Dairen Machine Factory No 17: Coaciuaers o ,
Production, Inputs,, Plant Facilities ~Yth Fsr~.,~-.
aUo+ sn ~._t r -
LATE DISTR. /r. ;.T y 1954
NO. OF PAGESp
Triic: ;; .'. U 1ED INFORMATION'
?; Bri:,ga Ca=a::us
Thee up tc the first 1,,'51 were ordered
by the UBSB and sent -i; _:c-t- rotu;try via the Chinese
Changchun Railroad. A .1 ;:xoducta destined for the
USSR were ordered ter ., , DALL7.NF.,El'jWG (Dalen
Voatochnaya Vneohnaya - Far Eastern For-
eign Trade). Factory I!n 'i lecrned by means of cor-
respondence that some r,J its bridge cranes went
as far as to Baku ano r?~rocb.cr~r=ssk on the Don.
After mid-1951 there wc.?e no nnoze Soviet orders,
but orders ceme in Pros, try Chinese authorities
for cranes for use in fa.-t:- es in Manchuria.
No cranes were ordered for Nort:t:ern Chine. or
Chinese areas further
(b) S ,tion~ry Avis- During 1949-50 these tc.nlss rere produced for the
i P Gasoline UM; sage of the tanks were delivered in Dairen
owrag e Tanks to Soviet Air Force units. i' 1950 and later
orders for these tanks came 'ram the Chinese Army
for use in the Kcrear. War. fle factory merely
loaded the tanks on flatcar: and did not know the
station of destiaat..on.
(c) Tire Vulcanizers For the USSR; aone cz the s~:.cnni?era reached
Ulianovsk (Simbirsk), and others were
delivered in Dairen t? t~- :soviet Army.
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COIMDKITIAL
(d) Cast Iron Water Mains
During the period 1949-51, mains of 60o and 900 mm
in diameter were ordered by the Soviet Ar
f
my
or use
in a water pipeline near Port Arthur. During the
period 1950-51 water mains of 75, 100 and 300 mm in
diameter were ordered by; the Soviet Army, the Dairen
Water Works, and the Dairen Soda Ash Factory (Sodovii,
Zavod). In 1950 pipes of 100 and 150 mm in diameter
were ordered for the oil refining plant (Neften-
chistitelai Zavod), located on the northern shore of
Dairen's Victoria Bay. This plant was undergoing
rehabilitation at that?tiee
(e) Gas Separating Machines Two or three of these machines which were about
7x7x6' and of different designo were produced for the
Chemical Plant (Chimichiski Zavod) on the northwest
shore of Victoria Bay. This plant also 'was undergoing
rehabilitation.
(f) Iron Parts for The factory cast and as the conveyor, for the
Conveyor Chemical Plant in 1950. The conveyor was approxi-
mately one-half kilometer long.
(g) Repair of the Sofia This ,.
vrc. w"S aUue in ty+~o and 1949 and included
r
Ash Plant, Dairen repair of the whole piping and some machinery
a team composed of en engineers and workers from y
No 17. The Soda Ash Plant at that time belonged to
DALSMGO.
(h) Lighters During 1948-49 approximately 70 lighters were con-
structed at Dairen Dock by a No 17 team under one of
the factory's engineers. This man was Mr (fuu)
Potapoff, who subsequently became the chief of No 17's
welding department.
(1) Sea-going a During 1949-50 a team of No 17 workers to-,ill;
tug hulls at the Dairen Dock yards. v
(d) Work on Water, Oil, During the period 1949-51, a No 17 team repaired
and Steam Pipes on pipe systems on steamers undergoing repair at the
Steaaships Dairen Dock yards. The most important work co:neist.:d
of complete change of the piping system of a Soviet
oil tanker of about 10 thousand tons in 1950.
(k) Pontoons 'rheas were of two designs. One hundred or one hundred-
twenty sets (two pieces each) of Japanese design aura
made of light iron were manufactured. 7%ia tame vne
completed and delivered in 1951. It was done on or&r;:-
of the Chinese Army which supplied the neceanary metal
and wood. About 100 sets of heavier pontoons (thre.e
units per set) of Soviet design were mauufactu ad.
They were capable of supporting heavy tanks. These
pontoons were still under construction in 1951 and
at the time of my departure in Iftrch 1952 none of
them were an yet assembled, being only from 60-70%
completed.. These were also for the Chinese Army.
(1) Mine Tip-wagons, Approximately three thousand were ordered by DALV1ES--
Narrow Gauge T MG through DALIIilOO in 1950.
(m) Spare Parts and Tools These items were produced mostly for Soviet Array units
for Trucks stationed in the former Kwantung Leased Territory.
In 1949 and in early 1950 the Soviet Army accepted
everything that was produced. In late 1950 and 11051.
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L 0 ?F'i DEtr 1?A:L,
the S Ar u ' r r :i4r?ci ny' epee
arts
u
p
z ix ic
, ].az1 plat ae, f o"
the U5SR. These were of setter
quality and of low?r c. :
As a result, in 1950, we had a stock of unsold spare
parts. However, ;n lb1te'1950 and 19111 the Chinese
Army began to buy the parts.
(n) TaTruc'k il HLights, eadligand, wring the period 1950-5+ t ut:k headlights and tail
lights very ore -A b
.,.? a.. a?__ _
y
these were for ace by the Soviet Army.
Hove :?er the x
ry
Heverthelese b ms's ?~issolved.
. " .. -- . d'soead of the n+nk
u?o_,r hnd difficulty in selling them
as the Soviet Arm imttilli_~ ?at 1_.'e,
them and also at that t+ ?`v' tq wiiir.
mrur tip cI irs we^a 1)-'duced for the Chinese
Army o i= , ,i..ay5?, r,a.d 195 .
rat,ru 1 a.s es eeil bftzc.oka_1...pe weapon.
"Faust-Patron" About four thocaapu sees a t:rti
parts each were pro-
duced in 1951 to sati.sfv an order of the Chinese
Army relay e@. to do 17 thr ,:6h the KO:-theaetora Iadus-
trI lAr..i ;it+~r t~,~.. U. Huk+zer:. 6t;ae1 rods of very
good qualit were os d s.ad were l ovided. by the
Chinese Army, Af r t_'.e work ,~ u fiLis ,ed evuu r,) .a
steel shav'iage had to be _ :xra~?3 t3 Mukdeo.
(P) Infantry Entrenching In 19'1 ?;
e Cllirese Army l:lac::a xr. on er via Mukdeu
Toole e ,. A :..
1
(q) T.:,. ' 'aetands 1(? L: _
cruse as !?dl.;. aS t}c- e tlLr1 end !:Our,-L 1 i. __._?1~
were for the
Mari..
? ~
wLth hee.G??
quart rc _.i-, rit~:.ak-ueeti:rzec)
(r) Bodies for f.' :tric Onl tc.:
Mt h.;
otors of 5aed 10 By
ot?de). alts,:%;i :, 11AIIv+I~G ... ..._ by t1,e
La1::a
plan, ilhic . laotoee, i.:a_cfcr :e' :.,
and come e'ic:ct^J. el uppliaac-a. The F;1-.tt belo,r ed
to AALEP1EEtCO 3. rZu the peril,. _9 4--50.
(s) Cast Iron Bodies for The bodies for he 20 KW +.-aaaf::vere we:- ,: UUCe3
Transformers of for toe factor,-,- in ' ` e ?!;a en
-ea ill
20 and 50 KW 1950. The bcdi_E for the 5u W traraicrta::_s wore
produced for the Cami f'.- : 1O 1. The 1.~.+
were made of metal a..heets pre t.?c~d by e-it'ric
ing. There were also so~.e bodies made for trans-
formers of 100 rd.
(t) Caps and Pestles for These were ranee it 19f;0 end 195:L bad probably in
High Voltage Insulators 1952. The products were destined for the LSSR.
and Insulator Rooks Factory No 17 delivered them to the Dairen Porce-
lain Plant (Farforivi Zavod), which formerly
belonged to DAL G0.
(u) Electric Bulb Caps Produced during the period 191--52 on order of
11AI0 and delivered to the Electric Bull Pia!:t
(Uumpov__ Zavod h ?t ^ 1, beiocge?i to IAI--
E GO. during i9?7-1+9 part cf
the bulb Lro uc +on was ~~ + +~ v?adivoetck
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o_
. ?-oueaad svr_5..?. ar.;r.e1.s. Steel st'eets i'or this
77777 _ilasa f,
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(v) Nitrogen About 50 or 60 spheres lee ten:*.i;h of ni:tr;;geu Y,,
produced, particularly for the Electric Eulb Plaui, it
Dairen
may Woo4va furniture for Made for the Soviet Army otsti.oled iu to former
Barracks Kwant-ung Leased Territor;; ducio~ the e 1
r, 9,,
F r. d 4y-51,
(y) Cylinders for Diesel Sixteen or eighteen cy1irdere at,, ptotoju race
Xoto 1 `, /?
ordered in 1951 by the Soviet Naval a?dat Putt
oxygen was contained ism cal cphc: n ;'..au L.
Approximately half of this nr;;dULtion, ie 200??250
sphiree per day was more than Facto,Ay No 17 itdelf
needed. This surplus producti " ; ;: ~'s ";id uuder
manent contract to the Soviet Army and to local and
Soviet Army hospitals.' It in e aleu sold to the
Chinese Changchun Railroad works in Daii ?.n, to Dairen
Dock (Dal Dock), end to others,
utilise su i` r ? om~th~ .es
bmarines. 'Five c etgn zzr;s in the
(as) Steam Winches
Our horizontal boring me.chi
was too email to make some of the neeeeuury parts_
and thcretoYc we tiurne~. over those parts to be a om?-
pleted by Factory No 18, which was nextdoor to No ?7.
However, no 18 made morn. min takect la diamet,.r and
axis direction and as a result No 17 had to recast
the parts which were designed fora pressure of about
100-120 atmospheres. This order was considered a
difficult one.
Ni, 17 had a ripecial ehop wt: ,,'h, h,, 1c)= 2 wan under the
welding department, for producing c;aa te:3 el_ctrodee.
Approximately from three to five tons of el_:trodes
were manufactured per -month and were sold o:: the
loc .. market to Chinese factrrieb ot! t;-, the Soiet
Army. -
The winches were orders ;., th+: ;3,n i~_t fy :v-- in Yu: t
Arthur but the contract ves not. No 1'7 col:
sidered the 10 winches which it produced a, :~ 4t?_..
mental ones. The order was not coufirmeM m*td the,
vincbee remain,d in stook. Huwover, iL early J.9j2
(bb) Steam Rollers Steam rollers were included for tb f
i4Ht t:Ln_ J.n
No 17's production plan for 1952. Tb.; factory omi:-
agement bad attempted without succzae to avoid the-
order as it felt that it was incouvej ent to fajfill
it, particularly as another factory was to build an
equal number of steam rollers. In addition, No 17
wms incapable of producing riveted boilers having
neither the necessary equipment nor the specialized
workers. Thu Northeastern Industrial Administration
in Makdsn finally agreed to have boilers welded, but
insisted that No 17 produce the steam rollers. As of
!larch 19,52 some heavy cast iron tires and nth..,. ?e .+-
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CONFIDENTIAL
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(cc) Nuts and Bolts During 1951. and for 19;2 orders i,. ~' cs ar..4 r;,1t
were received from the Soviet Naval docb-,rard at
Port Arthur, from Dairen Dock, e.ri from Nmre .ter..
factories. The orders were not Fliffieient to fully
utilize No 17's capacity for thib p-eduction.
(dd) Railroad Car In 1950 or 1951 automatic couplit s of ne eaule
Coupling Parts cast iron were produced. These noupliogs~:r.,naistad
of three or four parts and ;rare made tc aetisfy an
order received from the Railroad Work: it:. Daira:;.
However, the products Caere of poo. 3uaii+,; , Partic::-
larl,y thw heavier Sparta.
In In regard to types, sources and amounts of inputs for Mach i :?s i o i7, L__1
The fuel from the UBBR had been of good quality, particularly is it;t,'?,n free
from sulphur. However, the Chinese coal often contained eulpr.crr and a.: r: r .e i l t
when good iron was heated it at times became sulphuric and eneil_;- brc:akc.bla.
Approximate consumption of,? fuel per year was: coke three 'hous;Lt.! tote; ?;c:a1
four thousand tons. In regard to firewood
, during the period 194& ~+ it: wan
received from the USSR by steamer. The wood came mostly in tie shape of loj;r,,
was of differ out $ es and of very y ~ quality. The vr,od III gel.u_-Zal c01113 Wt
and coke were imported from the USSR, is Southern Sakhalin. 0i;. wan, :vi t u*.13-iced
as a fuel. After-the beginning of the Korean War coal and ,uke cane f-ru:a Fushun.
be' used for anything else except fuel. Nevertheless, No 1?' a sawn,ili I:'ri?dn:E;d
some planks and beams, for the factory's own buildings. In ade.i ,_,rn, 'Ir_? 1; al.e.;
received wood usually from clients who placed orders with No 17's ca.pe:utry .hup
and sawmill. Most of the clients were Soviet military detnehmesce.
In regard to power input, up to March or April of 1952 electric povcr s a Yn _ i,+hed
to Dairen by the Yalu River dam and power plant. The factory recei~ed the c .-rent
already transformed to approximately three thousand volts. The eu:?..~t r.an nn':e
more transformed at the factory's substation e thei, '*? t"
The standard voltage of motors was 250-300 V.
4. In regard to input of raw materials or semi-finished maV+r.u1s, :.!; t-, 1.:4 lrr.:-
tically no materials were imported-as nearly all materials used :eme froze .id
Japanese stock. Some of the materials came from No 11's own s;(;d' u& a1-d c,7,lc
the factory obtained by requisition during the first mouths v;. Scti' ;il+.': ;r
occupation. Also, some of the materials were received frog
ordered certain items or was obtained from some Chinese firma. '?!,L- lr.,tt _r mnt
have gained possession of the materials by robbing . ape: ese stock. ir. the confused
period attendant upon the arrival of the Soviet Army in Daire.. jr- 19L9 ar,a 1.950
n.`.?:r~e..l
the UBBR became the main source of materials. In 1951 No 17 still had
from the UM but it me part of the stock ordered previously and which ha,i
accumulated in the godovne of DAIMRO GO. This material had not yet been tie-
tributed to the factories vhich belonged to DAIZWGO. In addition some mate-lal
which had been ordered in 1950 arived only in 1951.
(a) Steel and Iron - Jo 2 and No 3 steel, ie construction steel, came from Kom-?
sosblsk on the Amur River. This steel was of the usual shape and consistence
and was made up of sheets and bars. There were also some spe.ia .steels and
iron which were for use in transformers, tools, bull) caps, and electrodes.
These special items came from other planes in the USSR, some even from Mosco-i.
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needed no more than four thousand kilowatts, so there use tam of an eg_?eeneat
to give two thousand kilowatts to the adjoining Factory ho 10. Thu ;'c; .:o?..,l:.~nc
of power in the factory was the casting department with its
utilized two thousand kilowatts. After the destructio-.. Ys`._. 2/a1
March or April 1952 by the US Air Force, electricitf wa.s :r'r_r::i;'L_;, `.q
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(d) The used for steel any
production program or
(c) It me in 1950 that we received the order for 10 thousand army iron bedstands
from the Soviet Army headquarters in the Maritime Province. We were unable to
obtain the proper steel angles and ribbons free the UHBR because'this order
was not included in the 1950 Plan and as a result the request for the neces
sary materials had not been sent to Moscow in late 1949. Anshan was not able
produce 4z25x25m angles and we therefore ordered them from the main work
to shop of the former Chinese Bastern Railway in Barbin.
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(b) Pig Iron The usual type of Pigiron
ncw was came received from from uwthe Uremolsk. A
special type made by the charcoal t was
stamped with the letter "r", No 17 used it for the electric melting
process for steel and malleable cast iron. In 1951 we began to receive
iron, steel, and pig iron from Anshan, Manchuria. At that time the Anshan
plants were not yet fully repaired, and as a result Anshan was unable to
produce sheets thinner than 6 on, angles less than 6x75x75 mm. We were able
to obtain very few types of special steel from Anshan and no pig iron made
with charcoal at all. Nickel, chromium, ferroeilicua, ferrophosphorus, ferro
mess aluminum- and other metals all the USSR.
However,
F.J"n mow n cause or most o em ve had some stock in 1951.
(1) Steel sheets of 2-12 ma thickness
-i Pig Iron 2500-3000 tones
(4) :el Rods About 300
(5) Iron sheets of .1-.7 ma 200
(e) Steel Cables, Insult d Wires, Ball and Roller Bearings - All came from the
UM up to 1951. Than in 1951 the following products were received from
China: steel cables and wires from Mukden; bearings from Wafangtien, near
the border of the former YMaatung Leased Territory. The factories which =,o-?
duced the above artte eg were g1:n tC hioh had been renicre d to
production. The steel cables and wires passed the test of our laborato :
'and we used them on the bridge cranes which we shipped to the USSR. Up to
March 1952 bearings used in important items such as cranes were Soviet 1e5.-
ings of which No 17 had a stock. Chinese bearings were utilized success-
fully for less
(2) Steel in the forms of L, U, I etc. (This steel 800
was rnstly light, either 5x5x40 min or up to
6x75x75 sm. If there were orders for much frame
canstruction than the steel angles would have
heavier profiles, some going up to 12x2O0x200 mm.
In that event the total weight exceeded one thousand
tons.)
the facto en more orders than it
could fill. The need for the above materials was determined by the pro-
duction plan. Mach five-ton craps needed from 75-90 ^ of steel cable with a
diameter of 17 = aad with a fixed number of iron threads. Such a crane
also needed about 100 ball bearings of different sizes and shapes. No 17
produced itself the roller bearings for the mine tip-wagons, which had a
one-ton capacity. For these roller bearings No 17 used colon steel or
steel of not high grads. 'ms roller bearings were subjected to a heat
treatment (connotation of the surface), which was sufficient considering
the light work that the bearings were expected to do. They were all anti-
frietio It may be of interest for me to point out that sometime
in 19119 No 17 received tha 19M a urge wt. of ball bear-
ings for cranes. 21W bearings vote of on . good quality.
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Soviet stand
produced b (No 36 according to standards) were
g about No 1 o1 7mfn for normal
rhl its s own use trodeeand for other co-aes ers. It manufactured
odu 12 -15 for its
5 tons monthly co own se. Total pro3uction
capacity for electrodes war, approximately 30 tons but could be increased if
necessary. The electrodes were usually of 4-5, mm diameter and were coated.
The coating had to'be changed fror_ tiwe to Lime in the reduction
No 17 depending P process by
upon the chemicals available at the time, Iron wire of fairly
good quality was received from the USSR. In 1949 the wire available was mostly
from old Japanese stock. In 1950 and 1951 we needed wire of 4 and 5 mm diame-
ter for electrodes. We had a'very soft wire of high quality with a 6-,' mm diame-
ter. We gave this wire to a special steel plant in Dair'n (Factory No 1g or
207) to lengthen the wire to the proper size. When the coils of thin wi_?
were returned we found that many were nearly useless for our purpose as the
contractors had used Fushun coal to heat the wire and the iron had absorbed
much sul
hu
p
r
.
(h) In ravard sal supply situation at Factory No 17
were used in items included in the "" to 1t
production plan. In order c use than
material it was frequently necessary to redraw the original design for pro-
duction utilizing heavier profiles than had been ordered. The heavy pieces
were mostly used for frame works for the new factory shops and also for come
auxiliary constructions such as poles for high voltage wires and the aesacbly
and examir-tion stands for bridge cranes. The pile of old damaged machines
and mete.. .rau nearly all used up, all the suitable parts having beerk cut ui anj
used for items in the production plan at a time when No 17 was short of net;
materials of sizes requited The remainder was cut up by the oxygen. cutting
process and used for scrap by the factory furnace. In 1950 No 17 sold to a
Chinese government firm in Tientsin about 200 tons of scrap. Iron included
in this scrap consisted mostly of narrow ribbons left over by t;e ir-
cutting machine. By the beginning of 1952 the factory had little ecrar
left. The problem then became one of collecting scrap from the fact?_.ry are,
and of assembling odds and ends from the welding chop.
from the USSR which had been ordered in 1950 and had been delayed in deli,,er??.
No 17 received from Anshan only Iron sheets and as ecial bars for use is
aviation as stns a tanks and metal ntoone.
No 17 moved to its present premises in1r e i. 48: At
tnat me, ad,a relatively large stock of metal (abo
t .,
--
u
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Electric
crane et was ssets of upposed from appliances for electric equipment for bridge
were all
materials imported the USSR primarily from ld factories in tow.
l For
that thet Mukden would supply No- 17 w ;,i +h
als because. former, Japanese plants in that city had beer'
rehabilitated.
-- - --? -a -vucu ?rum former Japanese plants. The stock was compooed
mainly of iron of frame construction quality, greatly varying in size and
shape. Some of the iron pieces were heavy L or U shaped and 20x300x200 mm.
There were also approximately 300 tons of high quality steel mostly suitable
for tool production. This type of steel also greatly vari - type and
shape, was not certified, and was of Japanese, rigin.
In addition, in a far corner of the plant pram lueu was P11-U, stock of
disassembled and broken machines and construction. This pile must have } e
at least 1500 tons although it was never weighed.
see Enclosure (A)_] The aqui
peent of the foundry in general was s old and was
obtained from various sources. It had been fully rehabilitated, having bees i:.
poor condition. Exceptions to the above were: a) the five-ton crane in the irn';
casting department, pas built by No 17 in approximately 1949, b) the three-ton
crane in the malleable casting department, was repairel n i-r }alled by No 17;
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 CONFIDENTIAL
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it had been obtained from Port Arthur and had been manufactured )
some machines for preparing loam and sand, were produced by No ii, uj so ue e
machines for centrifugal casting of blocks for piston rings and sleeves, were
constructedsbyaNob17, e) a small electric 'furnace for melting iron for centrifu
(a) See Enclosure (B) for sketch of and details on the Hot Pressing Shop.7
(b) fee Enclosure (C) for layout of the First Mechanical Shop, its dimensions,
location and type of machines, and general information] -
(c) or a sketch and detailed information on the Second Mechanical Shop,
see Enclosure (D).7
(d) he Electric Welding Shop - for a sketch of this shop and detailed informa-
tion see Enclosure (E)j
(e) he Instrument (or Tool) Shop, Cold Pressing Shop, and Metal Platinw Shop -
for sketches of and details on these shops see Enclosure (F).7
(f) he Mechanical Repair Shop - for a sketch of and detailed information on
this shop see Enclosure (G)]
(g) or a sketch of and detailed information on the Assembly Shop, see
Enclosure ll7
6. In regard to the question of balance of plant facilities,
u. 0u ".L uecciona o: the
plant were the Enameled Hollow-Ware Shop and the shop which produced metal caps
for electric bulbs. The instrument or tool shop producing drills, cutters, pis-
tons, and piston rings had very light machines and a very light casting depart-
ment. The largest component of No 17 was the former Suzuki plant of Dairen,
which specialized in welding frame construction such as hangars and godowns.
As auxiliary sections it had relatively small mechanical, hot pressing, forging,
and woodworking departments. It had about one thousand workers as well as a
trained management. This Suzuki plant in late 1948 was removed to a prac-
tically unoccupied location which was located in the western half of the large
Dairen-Kikai premises. 'uitially, the new factory received only the skeletons
of former shops and one and one-half rooms in an office building. Two shops
were more or legs in working order but they were occupied by the switching shop
of the Southern Manchuria Railway. The Economic Department of the Civil Admi=-?
istration of the Soviet aithorities in Dairen decided to create a large factory
which would primarily produce hoisting machines, initially bridge cranes. For
this purpose No 17 had at hand only the welding department properly staffed with
workers and equipment andepproximately 500 skilled workmen. The plant also had
experienced engineers accustomed to working together and an energetic management.
However, there was a lack of machines to produce such items as gears. The goal
of this plant at that time was eventually to be able to produce one thousand
cranes per year. Such a goal required the construction of large new shop,, r.-
machines, motor roads, and railway lines of standard and narrow gauge. D~~?nr
the first year, ie in 1949, it was at first necessary to rehabilitate the Shope.
The skeletons of the buildings had been stripped by the Chinese population cf
their last piece of wood during the period 1945-48. In order to avoid he.vin~!_
idle workers and also to fulfill orders of local Soviet Army and Navy uni+.s,
the plant produced such items as tire vulcanizers, automobile tools and par+..:.
gasoline tanks, nuts and bolts, and enameled bowls. By 1950 most of the .-,P1
were repaired and in their current yearly 195]condition and the factory manage-
ment was looking forward to further expansion in both buildings and machinery
in accordance with its general specialty of bridge cranes. However, at that
time the policy in the Soviet administration changed, and the further develop-
ment of Factory No 17 with its orientation to Soviet markets was stopped. The
new policy was to produce items which would all go to the Chinese authorities.
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The above changes made for an incompletely organized factory and unbalanced its
equipment. However,. the management did try to eliminate some of the parts of
the plant which did not fit into the general picture. The enameling department
was closed in early 1950. As a result, a full set (7-12 pieces) of cold presses
(up to 90 tons) became idle and in 1951 were turned over to a Chinese cartridge
factory in Mukden. Also,'some small lathes of older 'types were delivered to
other Chinese factories after the lathes had been'repaired. On the other hand,
the factory management attempted consistently, to build up its large equipment,
ie such items as large lathes, hammers,' ovens, 'and furnaces. Up to 1952, at
least, it was difficult to attempt to produce a balanced plan which would fully
utilize the factory equipment. In"order to utilize fully thecasting shop,
No 17 needed large orders (1-2 thousand tons) for heavy, simple products which
would not have to be passed on too often to nthhr shops for f n ehirg. Thcrc
were not to men orders for such articles, but No 17 did produce water mains
and fittings of over 75 mm diameter, preferably over 100-150 mm in diameter, and
some bodies for machines. in order to utilize fully the hot pressing department
and part of the Second Mechanical Shop, No 17 needed orders for several hundred
tons of nuts and bolts and/or telegraph-telephone hooks for insulators. To pro..
duce 100-150 crane bodies was by
department, but the mechanical no means enough for the capacity of the welding
u larger number of cranes, shops were unable to provide gears and shafts for
a g being limited in special cutter equipment. Therefore,
the welding department requested more orders phich'would"be less tied in with the
mechanical shop, such as orders for pontoons and gasoline tanks. Narrow gauge,
mine tip-wagons were very acceptable because they provided work for welders,
for smnl lathes and
r .--j$ machines, au we'll as for the assembly snap. in
order needed to orders utilize for c fully the ylinder''sleeves smaller piistestons s, and and piston n Mechanical
rings. Theesep, No 17
These orders
were obtained. From the above, one can easily see that Machine Factory !o 17
could not have balanced equipment even in the most general sense and certainly
did not properly use specialized machines. The plant was heterogeneous and had
to have miscellaneous orders in order to stay busy. It was unbalnnced in regard
to a) the capacity of the shops, b) the equipment. The reasons were that the
separate parts of the factory were a) not fully unified, b) the reconstructio^
as one factory devoted to the production of hoisting machines was frustrated.
did not lose a single machine. The' s wnicn were o en, eoaume
they were considered to be war booty, were frame constructions for two hangars
which had been manufactured to fill an order for the Japanese military tut.,,
ties.
pan in Japanese times was part of the Dairen-Kikai enterprise and had two sets
of generators. Very soon after the arrival of the Soviet Army in Dairen, the
oxygen plant was taken over by the Soviet military authorities for their owr_
use to help out their repair shop and for hospital use. Prior to 1949 a third
set of generators was added to this plant by the Soviet Army which had a:quired
them from some Japanese factory. The whole shop became a part of No 17 ir. 1.948.
It had been operated by soldiers of some Soviet mechanical unit
one shift was still composed of thes . .
The factory had a special agreement with this Soviet military unit by which the
unit furnished one shift of soldiers and the factory each day sold a r:eztaia
number of cylinders of oxygen (less than 100) for a fixed price to the unit.
when it moved to its present site in 1948, found that the bulk of the area which
it now occupies was practically in ruins. The exceptions are mentioned below.
11-0-ee Enclosure (I) for a sketch of the factory grounds and detailed information
about the grounds]
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8. Speaking generally about Dairen, in regard to damage and seizure by the
Soviets in 1945, one can see the following pattern.
(a) Thlowingryants were left intact and even protected by the Soviets
against Chinese:
Rail-ay's main shops, as well as auxiliary
(1) The
railway he
activities in general.
(3) The Port of Dairen itself, that is the section on the southern side of
:ieturia Bay, perhaps with a few small exceptions.
(4) The Suzuki Plant.
(5) Bean oil and other vegetable oil plants. At any rate, nearly all
J
apanese-owned factories which had had new equipment and processes
were in production by the end of 1945. Soviet authorities at that time
shipped vegetable oils to Vladivostok.
(6) By chance some small privately owned factories were not touched par-
ticularly those which had no heavy machinery. An example would be the
instrument or tool plant
(b) Equipment seized by the Soviets:
(1) The Soviet authorities obviously operated in an organized manner in
seizing nearly all the newer types of heavy machines to be found in
Dairen, with particular emphasis on metal working machines, electric
generators, and electric motors. Even two boilers of very recent con-
struction (manufactured just before or even in the early part of World
War II) were taken from the electric plant of Amanagawa in Dairen.
(2) The machines were disassembled, packed, carefully marked, brought to the
port, acd shipped to Vladivostok.
(3) Loading of the machines was done hurriedly. The reason for this was
that there were widespread rumors that nn ahn?t i xov 45 Dairen Port
would .e opened
(c) Chinese robbing Japanese factories and houses - Soon after the Japanese sur-
render, t;.e Chinese began to rob Japanese factories and houses. Sometime
afterward, the equipment which had been robbed was found to be in use or ir.
storage in Chinese factories. Later, much of this equipment was bought by
Factory No 17 and c "_er plants.
9. in regard to reimbilitati;;n, Factory No 17 itoeif was
not destroyed by Soviet seizure and damage. The destruction experienced by the
shops on the territory taken over by the Factory in 1948 was repaired in the
following manner.
(a) Main buildings were rehabilitated or built afresh by DALEN GO, utilizing
its capital building department, ie new capital investments. This depart-
ment gave all metal construction work to Factory No 17.
(b) Smaller buildings were repaired or built anew by No 17, utilizing a "cur-
rent repairs" account.
(c) Rehabilitation of machines which Factory No 17 received from DALENI M
or bought itself from Chinese factories or sera as vaii as
re litation of appliances such as furnaces and ovens, ~was also done
by so 17. Major work we placed on the account of the capital building
department; minor work under the current repairs a -ccr-.
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(d) New machines which came from the USSR (including two shears which were of
East German manufacture) were charged to the account of new capital invest-
ments.
all expenses were paid for in local
being
currency and were really therefore of'no cost to the lue,d. paid in occupation Psper money printed by the USSR and twice devalued. actual assets
AALBiKEW were the machines which arrived cost of of the cost of the
the costa for these machines was only asmall fraction of themost USSR,
machines seized in Dairen by the Soviet authorities and transported to the
USSR.
10. In (liscusain" the 4--4Nhue
- o t
~~~w aiic[iL TO Vaich plant facilities are utilized,
it is correct to state that the factory was not used to the full extent of its pro-
ductive capacity. The main reasons for this were the planning policies which had
to be followed and the policies of the authorities in placing orders. The fac-
tory could have a better output even in its present unbalanced, condition as re-
gards from nears its tcfactor if itties ior plan handed es, )r unrgoel would be
r to or potentialities, b) awdergo less changes
items. Another y possibil
year, c) keep production concentrated on a smaller variety of
other handicap in proper utilization of the plant was the removal
from active positions of authority of Russian emigre engineers. These positions
had been that of director, chief mechanical engineer, and masters of shops.
These Russian engineers were retained in the, head office of the fact
y.
ngiJ _ factory -1
am Lechnical advisors. Until ear 1952 No 17 bad no acute shortage of materi-
als to meet its production plan. The factory could avoid difficulties by sub-
stituting one material for another. This obviously resulted in some,, loss of
time and materials in the production process, but it was not a large loss. Most
of the difficulties were caused by orders which were given over and above the
production plan in the middle of the year. An example was the order for army
bedstands. All this was very troublesome,, but had no real importance in affect-
ing figures of total Yearly production as the orders of this type were a small
t+..
a. cuii6a cu81ueer-
ing stafp was not certain o receiving a regular supply of materials from the
Industrial Administration in Mukder..
11. The total number of employees at Factory No 17 was approximately three thouaani
for the period 1951 and 1952. In 1948 it was a little over two thousand. About
15-20% of the total workers were women, working in: a) the foundry, as molder:z
and pourers in individual casting of piston rings and as molders for insulator
"ace; b) the welding shop, as welders for less important work; c) Mechanical
Shop No 1, as turners, cutters, and polishers on piston ring production; d)
Mechanical Shop Fo 2, in production of nuts and bolts; e) production of elecc_%Lc
bulb caps, in galvanizing, cleaning, sorting and pressing; f) hot metal plating,
as sorters; and g) the electric repair shop. In regard to fluctuation of
employees, the ratio of fluctuation was calculated by comparison of the total
number of workmen at the end of the year with the c...., of dtsmisa_u cd
e-- '-' uuo wurner~+,
plus newly employed workers, during the year. This was a Soviet method of (al-
culation which served to exaggerate greatly the fluctuation figures. This metho1
of calculation for the years 1950 and 1951 indicated about 60% of
with some decline in 1951. The main reasons for the above were: a) Factory
No 17 had about 200 pupils which attended a four- or five-month course and wet!
included in the general total of personnel; all 200 twice a year were shown as
entering the factory and more than half of the number as being dismissed, whereat-
actually they were merely graduated and were accepted in other Chinese factori.c_
at a better wage than No 17 could pay; b) some trained workmen were decoyed to
other Chinese factories with better wages. Usually the management of No 17 did
not oppose such a change as (often) these same workers (after a few months) applied
for re-employment at No 17. In 1952 and later it was expected that the flucut?a-
tion would decrease as all mechanical industry was concentrated under the Indto-
trial Administration in Rukden. On the other hand, it could be that this adminiN-
tration might decide to reinforce some other factories at the expense of No 17.
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94 1
In 949 and 1950
9 t95 50 SO 1 w Iwas b
Quite fepressed ss e DATAMUGO to let many of its work-I
men factories. went to Dairen Dock, after having
worked there some months and having organised production of lighters. At that
time, No 17 was a contractor for this work at Dairen Dock. At another time, a
number of fitters, working on general repair of water, steam and oil pipe systems,
was also retained by Dairen Dock. Also, about 60 workmen from No 17's repair shop
were transferred to the soda ash factor.. aftwe. h.,..-
In regard emplo
the
es b
d
y
epartments, the following
approximate figures, liag 2900, soy be giv
en
? 'Office200 (including laboratc y)
Welding - 500
Casting 500
Two mechanical shops - 400
factory van calculated to be 1.6-1.95 These howbver, arel only 'GOO mope of the
In practice the number of shifts vas not the same at all time,, eveniflthe num6~
bar of employees vas constant. It actually depended upon what type was considered to be most of production
the use of maehimes of ~ci important at the moment. If certain activities required
once use
removed from lose factory was in short supply, workers would at
third shifts work In Important jobs and machines and placed on second and the machines which were doing the important work. Such
machhiisn?s were DIP lathes, revolving lathes, and carousels (boring and turning
Tory were usually worked the three shifts, as were some machines in
the repair shop. Usually in November and December of each year the assembly
shop operated on a three-shift basis, as it did not have adequate space to place
all the workers needed to assemble production which was considered particularly
important for the successful completion of the plan for the yew.
14. In regard to still of a+lapass, speaking pwerally, high quality production of
more important items could be ad me done. The question of course remains how
many rejected ports w left. To dsersase the armbrr of rejections by the con-
trol dspmrtsst (inspectors), the rectory waft: a) good machines, b) good shop
chiefs ad c) alert !bran.... phctor at present would be out of control of
Factory 50 17 as WW sgtlmmit at pswmat may only be received from the WN via
Retied mad Reiptag, mad this sgatp^ent would be part of the amuuml, over-all
domiet-Chinese trade eostrmet? Za regeri to factor (b), the shop chiefs are now
all Chinese am mot ems of tism is mm e"ineer. 'Rests lack of education and
I rc .
nns
13. In regard to the umber of shifts-
Repair shop 700
Assembly shop - 300
Hot n ....: -hop
Cold pressing and metal plating shop - 150
Inspectors - 50
Woodworking department - 100
Transport and loading workers - 100
Oxygen department - 50
The above figures for the shops, beginning with welding and ending with wood-
working include elect i i
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their fear of punishment made them very inefficient administrators. Of course
the the situation. of the As regards o~ctor ement c)of the duri factory to Chinese hands did not help
greatly tdomh q 951 and 1yapo the foremen were
r3 tly demoralized by the 'campaign of?Punish ehment for eddy possible ^
in each major question of number umbe of skilled, semiskil lenski errors.
ker
partment, ble to give the figures for each depart ker
However, a general reply would be that,the factory had very, few unskilled 25X1
laborers. In all the shops there were from 50 to 70 cleaners, about 50 men
in the welding department to move heavy parts and materials, about 50 to dis-
charge and load materials and production on and off of railway cars. That is,
there was`a total of from 150 to 200 men and women in the unskilled laborer
pupils g y. In r g semiskilled hands, there were about 200 industrial
category. approximately 800 men and women of low-grans of
,eat f
of the second and third grades according to the Soviet seven grades qualifica-
tion system, the seventh being the highest. There were about 9C0 skilled laborers
of average skill, ie fourth and fifth grades. There were about 400 to 450
skilled workers of above average skill, ie sixth and seventh grades. Factory
No 17 had from 50 to'75 men of the seventh grade. These outstanding worker:;
were mostly concentrated in welding, mechanical shops, tool producing, and
repair shops. The foremen were chosen from this group. In regard to shortages
of skilled labor, the factory management did not feel that there was any acute
shortage of skilled labor needed to fulfill the production plan assigned to the
factory. Efforts to increase the skill of workers were made for two reasons:
a) to be
able to have more
lev mo' and f y or Mort: necessryyto promote the most able of
them to ti h
..obe. p ovaIteons ')~to be ready nadened because fficult?and new types of
production' 'In 1952 the situation of the promotion of Chinese
personnel to the positions previously occupied' by local Russians, and, ae a
result, the quality of foremen declined. Incidentally, the Chinese industrial
upila who trained from four to six months by working at No 17 were given this
.i,structS.on more to provide training of general use to all Chinese factories
than just to No 17. There were also political reasons. In regard to the num-
ber and technical quality of Soviet technicians in the plant there were about
five of them as of 1950. However, by early 1952, they had all departed.
In 1951 all these Soviets had been removed from No 17 and the majority of
them returned to the WSR. One or two of them became members of the advisory
commission which supervised four Dairen mechanical shops which belonged to the
Chinese Industrial Administration in Mukden. Once or, twice a week, one of them,
formerly the ch-.!f engineer ji No 17, visited the plant, but in practice those
visits had very little effect. in 1952 the one or two who had
remained were also soon to ret?.rn to the . A special school in Dairen,
but not at Factory No 17, we organized by DA1AIISiGO. The school later was
transferred to some higher authority. The school was operated by Soviet engi-
neers working through interpret rand the course lasted from four to six monthe.
There were at least two levels .f workers entering the school. Some of these
were of average skill, is third and fourth grades; others were of the highest
qualification, ie sixth and seventh grades. In addition, perhaps two or three
of the most highly qualified workers were sent to some other school, considered
to be of university level, for about a one-year course, at which tine they were
trained to be en in eers. a of the workers last mentioned had returned to
No 17 Factory No 17 usually considered the men see4, To
the a , particularly the most skilled workers, as lost to the factor, 25X1
because they usually did not return and were used at other new plants.
15. In regard to the extent of Soviet managerial activity in the plant, five or s-;
Soviet technicians were recalled from No 17 after the breakup of DAIXMGO.
The technicians were engineers and bookkeepers. Also, after the transfer of
the management of the plant to Chinese hands from the hands of the local Rus-
sians, the influence of the USSR on the factory much decreased. Of course, it
is very likely that the influence is retained by having Soviet advisers in the
Chinese Industrial Administration in Mukden, but this fact, if it was a fact.,
was not known to the managerial staff at No 17. Incidentally, none of the
correspondence was in Russian at the plant.
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Factory 7,
16. maIn regard to nagement' of the plant 4, th
the
s
e
umm
r of 1951 and the former director, a local Russian named was transferred der to?the Chinese,
became onlYra vice director with no powers of decision. Inepranrovich
ctice, inathel ~
first months of 1952, Ganshin was merely an important advisor who,answered ques-
tions put to him by the Chinese director, guided the work of engineers at the
plant in the proper direction, but had no policy making powers. Initially, in
e summer of1951, the management was t
d
urne
over to a Communist woman from
Sh
significance, who was about 35 years of
nsi age.She had no education of any particular
e, perhaps she had finished the equivalent of a Chinese high school,
did not know the Russian language, and spoke only a very few English words. She
was a wife of a prominent Communist in the Dairen administration. In, late 1951
she became only the second vice director and the M-4---1
_
- - -- -.........,,.~y. _was given to a
Chinese man who was the local representative of the Industrial Administration
in Mukden. In addition to his of of No 17 he?was also director
of another' machine factory, Neither of these Chinese was able
actually to function as the Directors the woman was incapable and the man was
too busy. So it may be said that Ganshin,in practice, retained the directorship
and at the same time observed the, proper courtesies toward the formal directors.
In early 1952 another Chinese man from Mukde No 17. This was his only pos heactuallyc for ranof the ointed
Therefore, at present, the management is Chinese, but the engineering rainsnare
those of local RuMans who no longer have the power of decision. Most important
among the offici1 of the plant were:
(a) AA Ganshin
(b) Among the mov'; im ortant technicians was Nicolas Nicolaivich Ovchinkin
(c) Igor Nicolaivich Huniakin]
(d) (fhu) Yoeolevich was chief of the laborator of thefactory
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In regard to expansion. lhetero IIn ~~ itself is an ~Y.,..,-t... a,-,. ~~_ _~_~---
..~ ,nLt
There were no labor heroes at the Factory,
r
the
, while used and
damaged maohiaery Coma from the various dseloli had s .
hops in Dairen: For par-
ticulars sw above. In regard to whether expansion was coat~ ,
sly 1952, it was not cleat for the local Russian seasgeeeno! the faas of
ctory
Vbat goal the Miss" had in -inA for +1r .t, ___
of machines for aspaaai "---? '? To source-8--andlability
"
on, mar maehinery eqe f
or
e
two or there rs tar the same type of item with
porous instead of oolj with No 17, although No 17's officers
pro
tested this strongly. Factory No i
7 perhaps will be
combined with Factory
m w
i
^ittsd it toaatchtt duc"-- ---
Qn have
e --- oriti...a1 .vse . ..s to oh it$ course equipMSnt. would
the Percon-
trarys the chi" authorities planed
d
?a+v~vuti
pparentlY the Chinese or Factory No 17,
authorities had no idea of allowing
00091x* the plant to
sMiisf on production of a rev lar ite
h
to produce railroad , Par. cu sly if the Chinese authorities decide
freight cars. Factory No 18 (the former Dairen-Kikai
works) is a next door neighbor of:No17. In fact, No 17's foundry use,i to
belong to Dairen-Kikai. In nAiit+l-? s.. 11 t_- -
: (A) Sketches of layout and profile of the Casting Department, and
its diswusionr..
(B) Sketch and deter:; :)f the Not Pressing Shop.
(} Ly:.;t of the First Mechanical Shop, its dimensions, location
and type of mac.-A:.rs - general information.
(D) Sketch and detailed information on the Second Mechanical Shop.
(E) Sketch and detu.led information of the Electric Welding Shop.
(F) Sketches and details of the Instrument (or Tool) Shop, Cold
Pressing Shop, and Metal Plating Shop.
(a) Sketch and detailed information on the Mechanical ]Repair Shop.
(a) Sketch and detailed information on the Assembly Shop.
(I) Sketch of the Factory grounds and detailed information about
the grounds.
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The shop was of very ligdt and low construction with a flat roof. It had
iron lra swprh and Me as& of concrete Cinder blocks. The whole building
was brought fras the gamwti !last.
(3)
Two archives to cat toed bars up to approzimately 1}" in diameter.
Old, very oftea uadar repair.
Vertical friction and eccentric presses with a furnace attached to each
oas. '!base were 10 vertical friction presses - old, made in Japan,
receives by 1o 17 is I918 and repaired; of two sizes (30 and 40 tone).
Me two eccentric presses wore not very old - also made in Japan.
'1bTM hmrifoatal Medusa for p asslai mad piercing nuts; old, made in
Japes, deolved for sakits small ants, often under repair; however,
they wears is opsratlsg esdition.
pee legow MCh1M, 4"d o" for the sags purpose as the ones mentioned
In its (3) shoe e; this ma dlao was not in use and ass not completely
assarled.
(6) ft" bourieemtal pisses for isrsu nuts gad bolts; old, often under
(5) iuemsoes for saadiass sseribea is 1%M (3)?
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(7) Two small maebiiass for clsaMag ants, x1ada by No 17.
(8) area mm I, one of these toad, sad two of one ton each. One of the
one-toe ba=s wia!tiosot.tree the Chinese in 19Ij. It had been made
in Deirsa by a Chimes or,j%V " fwetoey sad bed newer been used.
It MS dssip a to ntiliss"se, bnt,at No 17 it worked by sir. The
e
jj
s hs~tr bad as attaeaed au pap aaaNas'opsratea Lgr au eta tiiu
^ator. the oae fih~re are frce the TAR. It did not
bah an air Pump sad 8esignsd to operate by steam,
but 'b air at Jo 17. It was nerdy arrived from the
it ass in the proceea of going
(11) fneoace for the husr aeatioosd in Itea (10) and for use by black
(10) own spring bmsr, about on.-half ton.
(9) so nace for hewers described in Ite (8).
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This building wa erected by No 17 in 1949, had iron framevork, and walls of
enrcrete cinder Liocks. It we 36x100 or 120 m. The 6nop had no belt trans-
fi).u in. All machines were operated by their own individual motors. Nearly
all Japanese machines Were ehabilitated, including the planing of the rails
for nandrelao the shop did not have a crane; the rails for the
areas ha. lees pro? a with the original construction. Factory No 17 in
late MI eioed thew telphars. Those had been ordered from the UM
in 7,950, but for a lc g tiro had not been distributed to factories as Chinese
authorities had attay ted to deliver then to their ova former plants rather
than to 1rtMW00. She telpher is a simplified crane, usually for lighter
we$4gt (1-3 ton) 6-ath only two Mchanical movements, Is hoisting and the
carriage traveling along the bridg.. She bridge was propelled along the
shop by hand through snit system or gears end shafts. The telpher may also
not have a big carriage but my stove on a monorail across the shop. It has
no cabin. She plant aanagoment had an idea of installing one of the teiphers
.a shop Jo 1 but it was not installed up to March 1952.
(1) Four iron saw, am of then wore old and others were produced by the
faetoryr but all were in good condition.
.(2) '!arse turret lathes, ands in the ~ ad delivered in 1950 or 1951.
Dia star of item worked up on than lathes could be up to 2 or 2} inches.
Parts for the "Faust Patron" were ands on these lathes.
(3) One turret lathe, delivered Eras the ~ in 101 with diameter of work
up to 1 or 14 inches. Used to produce well items such as rollers for
beeriys.
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(4) Four or five small lathes of Japanese manufacture and '_n good condition.
Used for piston production.
(5) Five or six "DIP",('Dogonim i perogonim" - we will equal and surpass,
The former had a height of the centers e _. 2 5X1
of 400 mm and the latter had a
250 a height. They were received from the USSR in 1949 and were in
good condition, but their precision now is less than before.
(6) Three lathes made in Japan. In size they were approximately the same as
the large "DIP" lathes. They were in good condition, but had less pre- 25X1
cision and speed than the Soviet'lathes.
(7) Two universal cutting lathes. where they were made but
they were manufactured before World War II. They were in good condition. 25X1
(8) One polishing machine. Old, not in good condition, seldom used.
ere
ou five
or seven small turning lathes (the smallest in the f: trv 1 +
A,set of machines for production of piston rinen There w
b t
there may have been more of them.
(11)
(12)
D&LEGO. This instrument shop had formerly c v
been a Japanese concern
and all the machines were of Japanese make, produced prior to World
War II. None of than were of the beet quality or of current design.
However, because they were under permanent inspection and repair, they
were able to produce piston rings of good quality and which passed strict
factory inspections, In 1949, polishing machines were equipped with a
suction system. Therefore, no metal dust was to be found in the shop.
In this particular department most of the workers were Chinese women.
About five or six lathes of small size, about one meter long and
50-LOO me in height. They were of Japanese asks, of only average
quality and precision, and were used for unimportant work such as the
production of large bolts.
A simple vertical drill of Japanese sake and of average quality.
One lathe of average also, 1* a long. It was of Japanese make and of
good quality.
A broaching lathe, 3} - 4 inches in diameter, 2 a in length, with hydrau-
lic action, of good quality and precision. It arrived from the UeeR in
1949 and was used to produce internal U-shaped strips on gears or to make
iron rods of an exact disaster.
(14) One or two lathes of overaverage else and a larger diameter of production.
(15) Three polishing machines of different capacity and shape, in good con-
dition, some wave made in Japan, some in the firm.
(16) Two drills of median sire, made in Japan, in good condition, but not
very precise.
(17) About five gear-cutting machines, all of them were in good condition.
Two come from the t2 in 109 and three were of Japanese manufacture
prior to World Yar U. All Of them ware ads self-operating. Maximum
disaster of mews was 600 no. This made it difficult to produce bridge
cranes over 10 toes. Mons of the machines could make chevron gears.
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The first intention is regard to dividing machines between the First and
/wont Msehsaiaal /reps w to sssetsble machines according to the items
which U W produced aM within each shop according to the technical processes.
Howver,.it loon beeane Clear that Factory So 17 cau1d not expect to be able to
adhere to a more or Ion psrmansat production plan. Therefore the machines
were divided aM distributed mostly by the site or the pars which they pro-
dmesd. 'tis smaller m ariw went to Stop No 1 and the larger to No 2. Now-
Ow, in 1951, there me a large order plea" for =RU nuts and bolts.
IewMe i Srs.wee no spa arailobis in the hot pressing shop in which to
pleat 12 nsuj built bolt tleiadiag machims, the nmosgemsat had to assemble
in Msermmioal Shop b 2 all tats meehinea necessary to work up the bolts and
ants whisk mad beam preset in the hat pressing shop. Some to workmen were
gathered to work those ^eehimsa. In the net Vied bolt division most of the
rer ears Chinese girls. Me, anchiesty in pop No 2 is much older than
we
that W Be 1 I =oW% The per' horizontal and vsrtice boring machines,
two
MGM onllifttnelines. In rowed to the special trsatasat
dhpnrunit ("r an the ihotci),, this section uesally washed on small parts.
Different method. were tilled including the epsaide process. Sore were two
ovens (stile or t han halted two electric stcmw. and fame small open
ft,eanose.s
w
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The
(A)
(B)
(C)
(1)
(2)
size of the Second Mechanical"Shopwas 32 or 35 m by 8o m.
Gas-generating installation for heat treatment.
Special beat treatment shop. Former electric' mover-substation.
ir v nawf7 n g aia~rawnnro,
(D) Nov substation for Mechanical Shops Nos 1 and 2. The rest of the space
is occupied by the Mechanical Shop itself. There is an old crane with a
capacity perhaps of over five tons. It was left behind from Japanese
times and was rehabilitated by the factory.
Two large layout blocks.
Four large lathes, bought from a Chinese
A fifth lathe is smaller but of the same
dition but has less precision.
(4) Fpur planers of light construction with only two cutters They
were all of Japanese origin, some being clearly copies of lamer a.
They were useful for unimportant work. Usually at least f them
wad under repair.
shop in 1949 and rehabilitated.
type. It also is in good con-
Tso slotting machines. Both are old but have been rehabilitated. They
vsre used for less important work.
(6) Three or four smaller lathes, old ones.
(7) A large plsner with four cutters ifor further arm on this
equipment,
Two radial drilling Machines, both in good condition. One was of
Soviet make and the other Japanese.
(8) One horizontal boring machine. Length, about 11 m; diameter of work,
900 - 1000 M. (lade in the LIM. It bad several motors which were
capable of many types of auxiliary use. The runners were s
by careless Chinese workmen a of on the runners.
One vertical lathe which was referred to as a carousel (a vertical boring
and turning mackine). Its diameter of work we up to 900 mm. It was made
in the ~ and was in good condition.
(10) A machine for cutting ends of cast pipes; made by Factory No 17.
(11) A face lathe which wos attached to a concrete stand, is it had no metal
base. It was very old, very slow in operation, and not precise. Diame-
ter up to 2 a.
A similar face lathe, but with a smaller diameter; it could also be used
for normal turning work on heavy parts as for drugs for cables on crane
earrieges.
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(13) This epee was occupied by the section charged with screw cutting of
nuts ana DOlte. For 'the aanutacture of nuts, there were four or six ma-
chime
a of sight spindles each. For bolts, there were about 12 machines.
All these machines ware constructed by the factory and used inch scales.
They all tanetioned rwonsbly well for normal market demands. However,
, or use of the me
scale, ork.
for work requIrims greater normal lathes were need which precision required' more time to do tth the work.
.
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pit and afterwards wore transferred to a tub filled with hot tar. The
pipes were then taken out of the tub, placed on the rail, and rolled to
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Laings snownnere)
Us bulk of the infornatioa on this shop gas ivenl
H ver. some &ddlti0n&l data
(a) - 'llgin" welding saebines were of Gesaan,type, but in fact had been
illsrally oopied by the Japanese in the gusuki pleat in Tokyo. They
weer not is westing order as of early 22 because there wars no
brsa:>'.. Most of the welding cork was dome by transformers of Soviet
mustacture eitoi are is rood conditios. ? few of the transformers
are of Jepamsae origin.
(b) i rs was a ree^sa mmebtme for pipe wiling *Loh bad bees need by the
henries there are no seders for suc pro uc s.
e, tea rtaenzms oosid easily w repaired.
(e) ? wits for wiling storage teaks for aviation gasoline was constructed
by 1s 17 in late M 105L pmts used is its construction were of Soviet or
ilNasn origin. so oaahime osW be meet as wailer toots of this
1M# to of fee oer to W. In pescties Ibis uachias was not utilized
r all elvers at that time had areafly boss filled for such tanks.
(4) is tbo IMP ball of the shag an flew 7 to 20 osohiw learned to
saMsa reds ad beesu is Us absga of as 0, L, or singe, or as flat
>aMM? st of the MUMS was bait at the Sasaki factory in Dairen
. As or tw of an rchimes hat bees sale=
Mess madames welts well as % are regularly
iwtpssled eat e'dW440 two & am*" agMsa canon are and for cir-
ad ambOm at has meets M ash as f none amwea asst lass straight
nets. ObWv thew msahiw isolated st o sail :x-rlass mo'ad by a
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cou-t ".
pap 2 of 2
lnolosure (2) cont'd
MU ^otor. lack chins cou]4 be find on a radial beau in order
to run aloud a oireulias lies or a straight line.
(s) lollies. aaohiaes to ache dens for the tanks were manufactured by
No 17.
Cr) lsatiel nobles for aoli sheets up to about 10 na were old machines
of A1snssa he but r.paired and in working order.
(g) In the hot bending atoms there were only furnaces, ventilators, anvils
and ass or two frietioa,prerNS smiler to those in the hot pressing
ship. Outsides of the shop were two large shears with knives about 2 m
in 16n4th able to out iron sheet. up to 14 -. Both of these machines
osae fran lhrfaet, Oerasq, is 109 and 1950.
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._ooat i? zI$Q
Za trrlg~rs (I' 'Jias3) me, 0o3a M?slag Mop
(A) tbru (T): flsctric Bulb Can De srt.,nt
(A) Cutting saa pressing
(3) Glass furnaces
(C) Galvanising
(D) Cleaning
(s) Iabi.ratorf
(I) Office
(G), (I), ([): Cola !regain. D.mart.snt
(a) Workroom
(I) slsctric pons substation
([) office
(L), (Ii, (s): m?1 or I..t j~
(L) Workroom
m Workroom for ligsly qualified had workers (pattern maker., etc)
(a) Office
In TOM (D) flare are 20 to 12 ailrireat kinds of pressing ss+ebines. All of
them we relatively Ms11, peoiaci s elsetrie balb Daps from sheets of .3 mss.
In (s) thats, we two rarmaoss. It i? lees flat the gum tops are fittti onto
an ow.
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Enclosure (F) cont'd
(C) Tube for galvanizing caps. (C') motor and dynamo furnishing permanent
current for galvanizing.
(D) Cleaning before galvanizing was done here by means of rotating drums;
sawdust is used. Also the stock of finished caps was kept here.:
this depailasent has now been removed to the electric bulb"
Dairen, perhaps leaving to No 17 only the galvanizing
equipment.
Room (G) became practically vacant after the pressing machines were delivered
to the cartridge factory in xukden. Rovever, some smaller presses were 'still
left which had a vary limited surface of worked metal and were often used to
cut rods or small pieces of flat iron as for flat springs for high voltage
insulators. There were also two or three machines for cold bending of thin
iron sheets (up to 1-1.5m) mostly used to produce some iron sheet screens
iron covers, pipes, boxes, etc. chines, although old, were in,
good condition. Some vere made d some were made in Japan. In
addition, these were also between we and seven spot welding machines left
from the time when hollow-ware was produced by No 17. The machines were
small, and some had been made by the au,zu',i fa_tor in D
,r +.u pia~2ueaHfieome had
come with the enameling factory. All at present are not in use and are not
in working order
.
In the Instr t or Tool Shop (L) were the following machines)
1 - lathe to produce milling cutters - a special slow operating machine
made in the USE, of good quality and precision, and in good con-
dition.
2 - universal cutting machines - old, made in Japan, repaired, in
vorkig order, but with limited precision.
3-4 - eccentric presses - made in Japan, rehabilitated, in working
order. Metal clips used to connect driving belts were made here.
2 - sb-,pere - of Japanese origin, in working order.
1 - elo-ting machine (similar to those found in the Second Mechanical
Shop).
2-3 - lathes - Japanese made, repaired, in order, not of highprecision.
3-4 - small cutting machines - used primarily for drill production.
In room (M) about five or seven workers of the highest qualification were
employed. In Russian they were referred to as "lekalshiki." nv ,noon nr
handwork they produced aassures. stamps, and other gadgets.
The hot metal plating 4spartment was moved from the room next to rooms
(D), (L), (M) to the main territory of Factor No 17. The de s'a
former praaisew were given to Factory No 18. thl.
department did not even have a roof over the vorraeU.
to clean items to be plated.
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The production of motor chains was done by the metal plating shop because
after the production of enameled goods was stopped, idle workers were
available in the shop; they ware accustomed to hot work. This department
is situated in the main territory of the factory as mentioned above.
In room (A) are:
(1) Forums used to heat rods
(2) Two or three presses to cut rods
(3) Tao bending presses
All of the machines ware of Jhsaese origin, repaired, and in order.
In room (D) are:
Three or four contact eloctro-welding machines. Two of these came from
the iusuki plant amd the others cams from elsewhere. The latter were
in a state of disrepair sod had to be rehabilitated. All were later
working satishctorily as they ware under constant inspection.
(5) A furnace to beat chains so as to now than spiral shapedt
(6) Acmes with hot cam.
In rocs (C)
-cal at Missmee (P)-
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CQFFIDENTIAL
page 1 of 1
THE MECHANICAL REPAIR SHOP -March 1952
glass skylights
Ifarnaces
The Repair Shop is relatively large. All its activity comes under the Chief
Mechanical Engineer, who is responsible for all machines of the factory.
This official organizes periodic examinations of equipment, and draws up and
executes a program of current repair. Under the Chief Mechanical Engineer is
a technical office and the chief of the Mechanical Repair Shop itself. As of
1951, the Chief Mechanical Engineer was in charge of all machines, except
electric machines. The latter were under the supervision of the Chief Electri-
cal Engineer who had his own repair shop for electrical work and repair onl
In 1952, however, both branches d under the Repair Department,
In practice, nevertheless, the
shops and their activities remained separate as before. The Mechanical
Eepalr ibop consisted of three buildings and looked like a email factory
itself, u it had all departments except a foundry and was able to build
some machines itself. This was done to avoid occasional and usually indi-
vidual orders from being mixed in the factory shops with the main production
program of the plant. In the Mechanical Repair Shop there was one "DIP"
lathe from the UM which was used for precision work on machines needing
repair. There was also a large planer of Japanese [hake which was the
best and largest of all in the factory, except for the large planer in the
Second Mechanical Shop. There were about two large Japanese lathes, heavier,
and in better condition than their counterparts in the Second Mechanical Shop.
In addition, there were about two universal cutters, several smaller lathed,
one or two slotting machines, one or two drills, and two or three shapers.
The condition of these machines was the same as that of thp
Mechanical Shop.
Repair op had two or three sets of welding
_] The cans rmers, appliances for oxygen-acetylene welding and cutting, and sev-
eral simple machines to cut rods. There were not any mechanical hemmers as
all blacksmith work was done by hand. The Repair Shop had many men working
on metals with head tools only, and some of the men were very well qualified
to sake precise repairs on machines. In addition to the above, the shop also
had carpenters and construction workers.
I I_
I2I-15 in 12-15 m
I sfilcE
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d88bY SHOP - March 1952,
nocraauxs (K)
Approximately 50x50 m
1
The in building, which had not been destroyed, had previously been a
sawmill or a woodworking shop. In 1948 it vss partially empty and par-
tially used as a godosa for military explosives. Ho woodworking machines
vere found in this space. After the roof me repaired, and a new floor
put in, it bsaams a very fine shop.
(A) Electric powr substation
(E) Office
(C) Prone construction to hoist heavy items up to over five tons for
purposes of asssbly.
(n) ?uo brides with hand-operated cranes moving and hoisting up to
10 tows. the 24%lfer? we established here.
(E) A stand to break-in assesOled crane reducers by making them run for
several hours.
(P) A space vdsre several sstiehiaes ware located: several vertical press-
ing machimss mostly used as perforators for small holes, several
drill., owe or two small ]ethos, and east other machines - 10 or 12
in all. Now of the ^acKess wars mew, but all sere in operation,
at;hovel th) sec's appabis of o04 United precision. Over of
the space was taken tap by vast beaches.
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Go4~1'~AL
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(I1) '!!s stand for a-sssbliug cram.. of different snags from l4a to Is m.
zss opts eouze be osasgs4 by soviag the left rail, the right rail being
funk psssowst1y is pith.,
used to test the hoisting of cargo for the
(0) A
pit
f
st
us
?
isagth
ull
9w SAW
(I) A Use deep hole to emmine lateral .o es.nt.
(1), A Isms lisp ditch mi woviug equipment along the shop.
(L) A frrs oaastrretioa for hoisting (L') and taking out (L2) crane
oarrisgis.
(111) ' the site of ? ls.trors4 brick building vhsre only two small parts were
Lift (f h R). T latter wro.rep?irod by using rails of old shop and
Iwo Wad of a .toeiho.ni for parts which usre to be asssobisa. One well
alceg (Iv) still Wsiat..
(It) , Along tM old wii of (2II) ? shed me Wit where the and cleaning
pulvoriwr we VLosl.
(RI) A sill for blaskisith fuesaess which is ntilia.d if the shop bas
suitable work for it.
'!M kris decor of this siop is not is the oschisss but in the handwork rs.
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CGeiriv i'TIAL
page 2 of 3
(1) Office building
(2) Storehouse and small foundry of sw!.tchplant of the Southern Manchurian
Railway. It later became'No 17's repair shop.
ilKinge of a pharmaceutical factory. This plant was removed to Mukden
in late 1949 or early 1950.
(4) Switch plant of the Southern Manchurian Railway. It became the Second
Mechanical Shop of Factory No 17-
(5) A building used as an artillery storehouse up to 1950.
The following units were outside the main grounds of the factory:
(6) A building belonging to the Instrument or Tool Plant, which structure
was delivered to some Chinese factoryin"1949.
(7) The original sitecf the Enameled Hollow-Ware Plant in 1949 and 1950 - it
was rebuilt for useas?a carpenter shop and a sawmill.
(8) One of the Dairen-Kikai buildings. It was already repaired, but no
machines had been left in it.
(1.) F.iundry. The walls of the structure remained, but there were no roofs
and almost all the window frames were gone when No 17 took over the
;jremisee. The building had been erected during World War II. The frame-
work of the roof had been of r?.'d and during the winters of 1945-48 all
wood was seized by the local pcolation for firewood. There was one
bridge crane left in the building but it had neither motors nor cable.
There were also several cupola furnaces which were badly rusted (we had
to .cnr?a more than 50% of the sheets).
(B) In this location there were only walls and the iron framework of the
rniP left. No machines at all. Nearby was a demolished framework of a
bridge crane.
(B') Some remnar is of a concrete foundation for columns of a building.
(C) A ruined shop building which in 1948 still had at least three walls stand-
ing, and a part of the framework of the roof. However, these materials
were used to repair (B) and therefore this building was practically de-
stroyed.
(D) A pile of broken concrete construction. This had been a plant for making
coal briquettes under the Japanese. Parts of demolished machines were
strewn around. However, no electric motors were left.
(!) A wrecked police station which was later repaired by No 17 and made into
the factory dispensary.
(F) A partially ruined two-story building. It me an office-type building
and perhaps had been used as offices for the ccal briquette plant.
It was rehabilitated as the factory canteen for the Chinese workmen.
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(G) Three or four wall wrecked buildings which later were made into
annexes for (7). Under the Japanese theme buildings had made up a
(I) Three or four wall wrecked buildings vhich had been previously, used
as s slaughterhouse. They were transformed into a canteen for Russian
(K) Slevated railway used to discharge coal for the formercoal briquette`
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