SOVIET EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A059800130001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 467
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 16, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 2, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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-rrW / -
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
50X1-HUM
SUBJECT Soviet Educational Publications DATE DISTR. L August 1961
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
Russkiy Yazyk - Stati i Issledovani a. (The Russian, Language - Articles 50X1-HUM
and Research), 461 pages, published in Moscow, 1960. This volume comprises
teaching notes (uchenyye zapiski) No. 148 of the Moscow State Pedagogical
Institute i/n V.I Lenin and was generally edited by Prof. I G. Golanova;
technical editor was A.L. Zak.
2. When removed from the covering report, the publication is UNCLASSIFIED.
STATE ARMY NAVY A{R
X NSA I X
I N FORMAT I ON REPORT I N FORMAT ION REPORT
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MOCKOBCKHH roCYAAPCTBEHHbJFf nEAAro1 JI ECKNN NHCTNTYT
HmeHH B. H. JIEHHHA
[lol o6met 'peAaKUHef npocp. H. r. ro.zauosa
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MOCKOBCKmn rocYAAPCTBEHHbIr IIEAArOI7MggECKHO HHCT14TYT
HMeHH B. H. .IEHHHA
YLIEHbIE 3AIIHCKII-
PYCCKHcI S13bIK
CTATbH H HCCJIE,LIOBAHH1
IIoA o6uie$ pegaKuHefi npocp. H. T. ro4axooa
MOCKBA - 1960 r.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
fle4aTaeTcI no nOCTaHoBJleiHHio Yqe'Horo coBeTa HCTOpHKO-#JIO0Io4'H4e-
CKoro 4)aKyJIbTeTa H Pei aKIIHOHHO-H3J(aTeJIbCKOTo COBeTa MOCKOBCKOrO
rOCyAapcTBeHHoroo neAarOrHgeCKOrO HHCTHTyTa HM. B. H. JIeHHHa.
PE.UAK1WOHHASI KOJIJIEI'HSI:
flpocpeccop H. T. Tonanoe
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flpocpeccop .A. H. BBedencKUri
flpocpeccop C. E. KplotucoB
flpocpeccop H. H.llpoxonosuu
flpocpeccop H. B. YCTUFOB
AoueHT K. H. Muuluna
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OCHO'BHOe co,Uep}KaHHe KeH,HSI peRKOJIJierHSI InpOCHT Ha'npaBJISITb
no aRpecy: MOCKBa, 1'-48, M. IlHporoacxax, 1, MOCKOBCKHR ro-
CyJjapCTBeHHbIH neAarorHnecKHH -HHCTHTyT HM. B. 14. JIeHHHa,
1'ICTOpxxo-q)HJlo,norH,IecxHH (paxy.nbTeT. Ka4)e,z;pa pyccxoro
5I3bIKa.
PeOKoAAeeusz
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R. F. FO/IAHOB
OCHOBHbIE fOJIO)KEHH31 PYCCKOR OP4)O3RHH
I.
PyC'CKag Op4)03nHA eCTb COBOKynHOCTb npaBHn nxTepaTyp-
HOro HPOH3HOIneHHH, CJIO}KHBUIerocf HcTOpxTIecKH B npouecce o6-
pa30BaHHH H pa3BHTHH PYCCKOrO HagHOHanbHoro H3brKa. CaMIiAI1
TepMHH CyfueCTByeT. H ifIpHMeHHTeJIbHO K 3anaAHO-
eBponeftCKHM SI3bIKaM (CpB., HanpHMep, HeM. Orthoepie). OH C03-
AaH H3 I[Byx rpeTIeCKHX KOpHeft, cyfue'CTByloIrHX B CJIOBax orthOS-
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nO 6bI nepeBeCTH: , (. Ho pyiCOKHFi TepMHH He rlpHBxBaeTCs, XOTA ZIa-
pannenbHbIft eMy TepMHH K'npaBonHcaHHe> He TOnbKO cone'pHH-
TIaeT C HHOSI3bI'qHbIM , Ho Aa}Ke H npeo6naAaeT.
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TOJIbKO npaB'Hna n'pOH3HOIneHH5I 3BYKOB H paCCTaHOB,Ky yAapeHHA,
OT KOTOpOft 3a:BHCHT H npOH3HolueHHe 3ByKO'B (oco6eHHo rnac-
HbIX); Apyrxe pac,IllnprnoT flOHATHe Op{posnHH AO yCTaHOBneHHA
npaBHJI, OTHOCH11.['HXCH1K :np'OH3HOIIIeHHIO jno6biX rpaMMaTHTIeCKHX
430pM (HanpHMep, OCO6eHHOCTH C'KJIOHeHHH H CnpH}KeHHA), HTO
McHee npa'BxJIbHO, TIeM nepBoe rIOH-HMaHHe.
O6lueCTBeHHoe 3HaTIeHHe Op4)03nHH OCHOBaHO Ha TOM, TITO
eAHHoo6pa3He 3ByKOBOr0 O43OpMneHHH yCTHOft peTlx -CrIOCO6CTByeT
6onee 6bICTpOMy, nerKOMy H TOTIHOMy 3q3bIKOBOMy O6U eHHIo, a
pa3Ho60ft B np0'H3HOIIfeHHH MeiuaeT 3TOMy, TaK KaK petb C OT-
KJIOHCHHHMH OT Op4)03nHTIeCKHX HOpM 3aTpyAHAeT !noHH'MaHHe;
A3bIK B TaKHX CnyTIa5X He MO)KeT TaK XOpOIIIO BbInOJIHHTb CBOM
(pyHKuHH Ba}KHeftlnero CpeACTBa TIenOBeTIeCKoro O61IjeHHH, TaK
KaK JIIOAH 3a.ILep}KHBaIOTCA Ha BHeIWHeft CTOpOHe peTix H Xy}Ke,
McAneHHee BHHKaIOT B COAep7KaHHe?
II.
HopMbI pyCCKOf Op(p03nHH CTaJIH HCTOpHTjeCKH CKaaAbIBaTb-
CA B npouecce C03AaHHA o6rrLeHapoAHOrO pyCCKoro HaIjHOHanb-
noro A3bIKa, T. e. npHMepHO c XVII BeKa. B XVIII B. MHOI'O BHH-
MaHHA yueJIAJIH BOnpocaM pyCCKoro npOx3HOIneHHH KpynHeIiruHe
n03TbI H ytieHbfe, 0006eHHO M. B. JIOMOHOCOB; CpB., HanpHMep, ero
paccy}KAeHHA 0 B03MO)KHOCTH ABOHKOI'O npOH3HOiueHHA (KaK
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CMbILIHOro, Tax H IUeJleBOrO) HJIH 0 CJIO}KHOM xapaKTepe corJiac-
Horo LIZ (II.ILI) H T. A. B XIX BeKe, HaLIHHaI c Ho33HH OCHOB0HO-
JIO}KHHKa pyCCKOIO JIHTepaTypHOrO 5I3bIKa A. C. HyuIKHHa, C03Aa-
JOTCH 6OJiee HJIH Mexee npOTIHbie HOPMbI Op(!03HHH, KOTOPble Jio-
)KHJIH BO MHOI'OM H J.LO Ha1HHX RHeff, KaK OCHOBa o6H enpHHSITOro
npOH3Hou1eHHSI, XOTH H nOABepriueroc i H3BeCTHbIM H3MeHeHHSiM
B CB5I3H C pa3BHTHeM PYCCKOrO SiblKa B COBeTCKY1O 3HOXy.
HeCMOTPH Ha y' aCTHe pa3JIHLIHbIX rOBOPOB B C03J[aHHH pyC-
CKOrO npoH3HouIeHH5i, JLO CHX HOP SICHa ero MOCKOBCKaH JjHaJIeKT-
Hasi OCHOBa, BCJIeJ[CTBHe Llero B HeM npeo6Jla.I aJOT cpeJ(HepyCCKHe
4epTbI, T. e. 3aKOHOMepHOe CoeAHHeHHe ocO6eHHOCTeH ceBepHO-
PYCCKHX rOBOpOB, Ha TeppHTOpHH KOTOPbIX BbIpOCJIa cTapasI Mo-
CKBa, H 1O}KHOpyCCKHX, HOCHTeJIH KOTOPbIX HOCTOSIHHO HOHOJIHSIJIH
ee HIHPOKHe CJIOH TpyJsujerocsl HaceJIeHH5I.
HeKOTOpble ytieHbie yKa3bIBaIOT Ha Heo6XORHMOCTb pa3JIH-
LIaTb KHOJIHbIH> CTHJIb'- C OTLIeTJIHBbIM npOH3HOIHeHHeM BceX 3BV-
KOB - H (pa3-
PAJ[Ka Mon, H. r.).
HOBei1IHHM Hay'IHbIM TPYJLOM B 3TOI3 o6J1aCTH ABJIAeTCA KHHra
OAHoro H3 6JIH}Kai uJHX YLIeHHKOB )J. H. Yuiaxoaa - npo4eccopa
MFY, AOKTOpa #JIOJIOrHtIeCKHX HayK, LIJIeHa-KOpp. AKBAeMHH
HaYK CCCP (C HIOHA 1958 r.) P. M. ABaHeCOBa > (Y'ineArH3, M., 1950, CTp. 160; H3A. 2-
7
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1954 r., MA. 3- 1958 r.). 3Aecb aHa1IH3HpyloTCH c Hctiepnbisalo-
IueS nOJIHOTOH Bce AeTaJIH pyCCKOIi Op(4o9fHH H AaeTCSI pHA Tex-
CTOB B 4)OHeTHtieCKOfi TpaHCKpHnu'HH.
HaKOHeu, HeO6XOAHMO- yKa3aTb noco6He AJISI nOCTOHHHOTO
HCIIOJlb30BaHHH y4HTeJIHMH, CTyAeHTaMH H BCeMH HHTepecylonuHMH-
CSI )KHBbIM CJIOBOM: KPyCCKOe JIHTepaTyPHoe yAapeHHe H npOH3HO-
nleHHe. CJIOBapb-cnpaBO'qHnKS., COCTaBHJIH Hay'IHble COTpyAHHKH
I'IHCTHTyTa pyCCKOrO H3bIKa AKaAeMHH HayK CCC.P, noA peAaK-
unefi P. 14. ABaHeCOBa H C. H. O}KerOBa 1, roc. H3A-BO HHocTpaH-
HbiX H HauHOHaJIbHbIX CJIOBapef3, M., 1959, 709 cTp., u. 12 py6.
3Aecb, nocae yKa3aHHl3, KaK nOJIb3OBaTbCH CJIOBapeM (c. 5-10),
npHBOAHTCSI cJloBa PYCCKoro JIHTepaTypHoro 5I3bIKa C 0603Ha9e-
HHeM McCTa yAapeHHSI, a B HeKOTOpbIX cnyiasiX H C 3aMeTIaHH5IMH
O6 HX npOH3H0W HHH (c. 23-663); KHHry 3aBepimaioT QCCBeAeHHH
O npOH3H0IIIeHHH H YAapeHHH> (c. 664-708), rAe H3jiaraeTcg qeT-
KHf( H B TO )Ke BpeMH AOCTaTOgHO no,Itpo6Hblfi CBOA npaBHJI pyc-
CKOIi Op4)O3nHH C npHMeHeHHeM ynpoiueHHOfi q)OHeTHtieCKOfi
TpaHCKPHnlHH (B CaMOM CJIOBape YKa3aHH5I Ha I1 OH3HOn1eHHe
AaIOTCSI CpeACTBaMH 06bIqHOIi PyCCKOIi op(porpaq)HH).
TaKOBbI rJIaBHbie 3Tanbl HayqHOii pa3pa6OTKH BOHPOCOB pyC-
CKOf3 Op4)03fHH (cM, TaK}Ke 6H6JIHorpaq)H1O B npHJIo)KeHHH).
IV.
JJJIH cy}KAeHHH 0 )KHBOM HPOH3HOIneHHH H ero HOPMaX KaK
B npouecce HX HCTOPHqeCKOrO CKJIaAbIBaHHA, TaK H B HaIIIH AHH
OgeHb Ba)KHOe 3HaqeHHe HMeeT CTHXOBaH pegb, TaK KaK ee PHTM,
06yCJIOBJIeHHbIfi McCTOM yAapeHHSI B CJIOBaX H C03AaBaeMblli Xa-
paKTepOM CTOnbI, noMoraeT peIIIHTb BOI1POC 0 paCCTaHOBKe yAape-
HHf3 B.Ty HJIH HHyx) 3nOXy. CpB., HanpHMep, y A. C. IIymmKHHa:
KMOJI'IHT My3I1Ka 6oeBaH>;
TaK rIPOH3HOCHJIH B XVIII - Haq. XIX B. no, gepKHyToe CJIOBO
c yAapeHHeM Ha npeAnoCJIeAHeM c.nore.
KpoMe pHTMa, OqeHb HHTep-eCHbIM SIBJISIeTCSI CBHAeTeJIbCTBO
p H 4) M bI, T. e. C03ByqH51 B KOHuaX CTHXOB, H rIPHTOM HMeHHO )(H-
Boro, npoH3HOCHTeJIbHOro, a He 6yKBeHHOI'O, 3pHTeJIbHOI'O COBna-
AeHHH (XOTSI H 3TO HHOrAa BCTpe'IaeTCH). MO)KHO HCnOJIb3oBaTb
YKa3aHHe pH4)MbI, HanpHMep, Ha xapaKTep npOH3HOUIeHHH r-
CMbI'IHOPO HJIH meiiesoro - B 3noxy IlynfKHHa:
x...143 TeMHOto Jleca, HaacTpe'ly eMy,
HAeT BAOXHOBeHHbIIi KyAeCHHK,
IIOKOpHbIIi Ilepyxy CTapHK OAHOMy,
3aBeTOB rpsu yii ero BeCTHHK,
B MOJIb6ax H raaanbslx npOBeAUIHf3 Becb BeK.
14 K MyApoMy cTapuy noArbexa.l 'OJIer>.
I B xaabHeAlueM byAeT npHMeHHTbCSI H aoKpaIueHHoe o6o3Ha=ieHHe-AO
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C03ByqHe KOHILOB J Byx noCJIeAkHX CTpOK yxa3brBaeT Ha or.Ry-
IIIeHHe r B K, T. e. Ha ero CMb1IIHOe npoH3Homexae. B TOM we oT-
pbIBKe lira noJL C KHyTble CJIOBa yxa3bIBaIOT Ha BMnaAeHHe T
B rpynne corJI CHbIX (KHenpoH3HOCHMble corJIacHbiex., no LIIKOlIb-
HOMy Ha3BaHHIO). CpB. eiue H3 CTHXOB lyIIIKHHa:
KHe npHTBOpHiHCSI, MHJIbIIi Apyr,
ConepxuK Mof IIIHpOKOnnegHH,
Te6e He cTpHI11 H JIHpbI 3ByK,
HH ' 3JIerH,qeCKHe pe'qH)>
(KrIpHS(TeJno> - A. rHyIHKHH. COLIHHeHHSI (OAHOTOMHHK). 143A. 6,
roc. H3A. 1930, CTp. 335).
143 CTHXOTBOpeHHH KOceHb>> (Tam >Ke, CTp. 373) :
KKaK Becejio, 06yB }KeJIe3OM OCTPbIM HorH,
CKOJIb3HTb nO 3epKa.iy CTOHgHX, pOBHbIX peK!
A 3HMHHX npa3AHHKOB 6JIeCT5ILuHe TpeBOrH?..
HO HaAo 3HaTb H geCTb; noJIroAa CHer Aa CHer...>
IIpHMep H3 n033HH COBeTCKOfI 311OXH.
B. M a 3q K 0 B C K H Ii B CBOeM CTHXOTBOpeHHH 1925 r. KI1opa-
AOTIHbIIi rpa}KAaHHH>> (KH36paHHOe>>, H3A. >.
OCHOBHMe nOJIO)KeHHA PYCCKOFi optp03nHH
1. HaH60Jiee SipKOIi gepTOIi pyCCKOrO alTepaTypHoro npOH3-
HOLneHHH SIBJISIeTCSI aKaHbe, T. e. COBnaAeHHe 0 H A nociie TBep-
AbIX COrJIaCHbIX B OAHOM a B nepBOM npeAyAapHOM c lore (HHa-
tie - B 141 n03HIkHH). B HOBeI3IIIHX npHeMax (~OHeTaiieCKOIi TpaHC-
KpHnI[HH AJISI H3o6paxceHHH 3TOT0 rJIaCHoro ace 6oJibiue H 6oJ[biue
ynOTpe6JISIeTCSI OC06bIIi'3HaK A (H3 Me)KAyHapOAHOIl TpaHCKpHn-
uaH). Ho eABa JIH B 3TOM eCTb HaCTO5ITeJIbHaH He06XOAHMOCTb,
BIIOJIHe B03MO)KHO COXpaHHTb AJISI 0603HalIeHHSi A B 1-M npeA-
yAaPHOM cai0re CTapbifi 06bITIHbIIi 3HBK a, npHqeM CosnaAeHHSI
C yAapHbiM a He 6yAeT, TaK KBK 3T0 nociieAHee H3o6pax(aeTC31
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CO 3HaL4KOM yfapeHHA, IITp H OTJIHLIHT ero OT a B 1-i3 6e3yAapHOK
n03HUHH.
C aKaHbeM TeCHO CBSI3aHa peAyKgHA rJIaCHbIX a H O noc.ie
TBep, bIX COrJIaCHbIX BO Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX 6e3YJLapHbIX CJiorax (T. e.
BO 2-n n03HuHH); HaH6OJiee ynOTpe6HTeJIbHbIM o603HaLIeHHeM ra-
Koro peJ(yuHpOBaHHOrO rJIaCHOrO cpeAHero pAJLa cpemHero noi'b-
eMa (HHa4e - ), 3a nocJieAHee Bpe-
MH ABJIHeTCSI 6yKBa'b (ep), XOTA JIeT 30-40 TOMy Ha3aJL 6bIBaJIH
H Jjpyrxe o6o3HaLleHH51.
HeKOTOpble npHMepbI: 1 '[BaJLa], [nanIOJI], [calla]; [fi-bAauiiia],
In'bKa}Ky]; [BIIIJL"bJI], [CKOp'b], [6K'bJI-b], [CKa3'bH-b].
Heo6xoAHMO HMeTb B BHJLy, IIT0 eCJIH rJlaCHbII3 3BYK 2-ro
npeAyAapxoro cjiora oKa3bIBaeTCH CJIO-
Ba, T. e. HaTIHHaeT co6oio CJIOBO, a He CJieJLyeT 3a CorJIaCHbIM (CJIOr
, KaK ero Ha3bIBaIOT HeKOTOpble yLIeHble), TO pe-
AYKuHH He npOHCXOAHT H B TaKOM c lore 3BYLIHT TOT xce rJIaCHblg
(Ha McCTe a H O), KaK H B 1-M npeayJLapHOM CJlore: [aTaIIIJta],
IaKa}Ky]; CpB. C npeAbIJLyluHMH npHMepaMH [n-bgauijia}, [nbxa}Ky],
rjje Te )Ke rJIaCHble He B a6COJIIOTHOM HaLIaJie CJIOBa, a HJLYT 3a co-
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%eT COXpaHHTbCH 0 B CJIOBaX OAHOCJIO}KHbIX (KaK caMOCTOATeJIb-
HbIX, TaK H CJIy}Ke6HbIx) 6e3 H3MeHeHH3I B a, XOTH OHH B TaKOM n0-
JIO}KeHHH HOIITH Tep5IIOT CBOe yAapeHHe: [OH 3HaJI]; [inTO 3HaJI], TO
H paCCKa3aJi; [HO MbI] pa.rLbl H T. n. ECJIH %e TaKHe CJIOBa OKa3bI-
Ba1OTCH BO BTOpOM CJiore nepeA yAapeHHeM, TO HX rJIaCHbie He pe-
AyuxpyIOTCH, a nOJlyLialoT yAapeHHe, XOTA H ciia6ee, qeM Ha cJte-
jLyiouLeM CJIOBe, H H OH3HOCHTCx c 0 npH cJIa6oM yJLapeHHH: [o1I]
He 3HaJi; [luTO] HMeeM - He xpaHHM, HOTep5IBIUH - nJIatieM; [Ho]
CKa3aTb He MOr.
OTCTynuieHHA OT H3JI0}KeHHOR CHCTeMbI JIHTepaTypHOfo
aKaHbH, Ha3bIBaeMOrO HeKOTOpbIMH KyMepeHHbIM> , BO3MO}KHbI
B JLBYX HanpaBJIeHHBX:
a) 1'IJIH B CTOPOHY HHbIX THROB aKaHbA, HanpHMep - CHJIbHO-
rO, T. e.'npOH3HouieHHeM a Ha McCTe a H 0 BO BCeX 6e3yAapHbIX
culorax - Ha Ky6aHH, Ha CeBepHOM KaBKa3e, no rpaHHU1M C ro-
BOpaMH yKpaHHCKOrO A3bIKa [xaJiaAHa BaAa], [naAanjLH], [BOpaH],
Inopax], a TaK}Ke AHCCHMHJIATHBHOr0, T. e. C npOH3HOIHPHHeM cpeA-
Hero peAyuHPOBaHHOro rulacxoro HJiH bI B cuiore nepeA yAapAe-
MbIM a-B CMOJIeHCKOi3, Ka.Iy}KCKOR, BpHHCKOI3 o6J1aCT5IX H B
npHJieraiomm LIaCTSIX COCeJLHHX o6JIaCTeR: [C'bMa] HJIH [cbIMa],
[6&bp,bga], [CK'b36JI]; [r'bJI3HbB, JLaRT'b MH'?, rIb)KaJrbCTa, JIaTIRHCK'b
j y rp'bMaTHKy] - TaK B IIIKOJIbHble rOJLbI TOBOpHJI aBTOpy 3THX
CTPOK coce,-rHMHa3HCT, CbIH ypO}KeHKH CMOJIeHCKa.
13pecb B Aaname B KeaapaTxbce CKO6KU CTaBSITCII, KBK RpHHATO, CJIOBa
HJIH HX IIaCTH B (4OHeTH9eCKON TpaHCKPHrIUHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
6) I'IJIH B CTOPOHY OKaHbSI BO Bcex ero THnax, Ha4IHHa5I OT
noJHOrO (apxaHHecxoro), HanpHMep, B flOMOpCK0H rpynne, BO
Bcex 6e3yaapHblX c.IOrax [xopou16, XOJIOj[HO, MOJIOTOK, rOpOA, BO-
POH] H T. H. H KOHiiasl BJIaaHMHpCKO-fIOBOJDKCKOi1 rpynnoK C 3a-
McHo i a H 0 BO II n03HIUHH peayljnpOBaHHbIM rJIaCHbIM cpeaHero
psiaa cpeuHero noa'beMa [b] H COXpaHeHHeM O TOJIbKO B I-M npea-
yaapHOM CJiore.
2. flpoH3HomeHHe riiacxoro nepeaHero psuia Bepxne-cpea-
Hero noA-beMa 9H rioc ie CMBrgeHHbIX corJIaCHbIX B COOTBeTCTBHH
C op(porpac[)HwCKHMH e, Si B 1-M npeayaapHOM cJiore (HHage
B 1-9 n03HUHH) H peayKuHB - nOBBJIeHHe riiaCHOrO HenOJIHOI'O 06-
pa30BaHHH nepeAHero psiaa Bepxne-cpeaxero nou'beMa (KaTb, JIa[4)]KH, o[6]BHTb (AO -
6e3 nOMeTbI 0 MSIrKOCTH).
HputettahuR K n. 9.
1) B IIIKOJIbHOfI npaKTHKe 3T0 HaJiaraeT Ha ytIHTeJIH o65I3aH-
HOCTb HCnpaBJISITb ytleHHtleCKHe OLLIH6KH BpoAe cJieAyloLuxx: ny-
3blpbtiaTblI3, He ropb6HCb, CKOpb6blo H T. n.
2) B03MO>KHa H HOJIyMS1I'KOCTb COrJiaCHbIX B 3THX nOJIO}Ke-
HHSIX (B I(OHeTHtieCKOfi TpaHCKPHHuHH H3o6pa}KaeTCSI TOtiKOI3 HaA
6yKBOI3).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO59800130001-4
10. MgrKHe ry6Hble Ha KOHue CJIOB, COXpaHAIOT CBOIO Mslr-
KOCTb: Kp0[(p'], MopKO[(p'], CTa[(~'], cbI[n'], u3[n'], cerM']; 3AeCb CMbIC-
JIOpa3JIHgHTeJIbHaSi ((~OHOJIorH4eCKaH) pOJIb CMSIrgeHHH OgeHb
Ba3KHa: cp. rOTO[(p'] - nOB. HaKJI., HO rOTO[(])] HM. naA. eA. q.
KpaTKoro npHJlaraTeJlbHoro My)KCKOr0 pOza; nocTa[(p'] - non.
Hain., HO nOCTa[(p] - HMH cya ecpBH-TeJIbHoe B .'HM. naa. eA. q.;
B ce[M'] - B 7 (HanpHMep, gaCOB), HO BCe [M] - AaT. naA. MH. q.
OT MecTOHMeHHH B e C b.
11. CornaCHbie nepeA j [H] coxpaHrnoT HCKOHHyIO MSirKOCTb,
npHgeM ry6Hble pe1Ke, qeM 3y6Hb1e: [6'jy], [n'jy], y Mo.noae3KH qa-
uje - [6jy], [njy] - 6e3 CMxrgeHH$l; [JI'jY], [APY3'ja], [n'?p' Hb] -
TOJIbKO co CmIrgeHHem pemIHTeJIbHO y Bcex.
12. flepe, FJIaCHbIMH nepeJHero paj a [H, 3] Bce COrJIaCHbie,
Kpo a )K, Ill, LI, HPOH3HOCHTCSI MHrKO. JIHIIJb B HeKOTOpbIX CJIO-
BaX HH0513b1gHor0 IIpOHcxwKAeHHA, HanpHMep [T?3'HC], [T3M6p],
[T3Mn], cOI'JIaCHble fPOH3HOC5ITCSl TBepAO, XOTSI B ApyrHX HHO513blq-
HbIX CJIOBaX Ha6JIK)AaeTCSi y}Ke HeC0MHeHHa5I MSIrKOCTb: [T'?Mb],
[T'bMn bpaTypb].
13. fIepeA CJiOBamH C HagaJlbHbIM 3 (KaK HCKOHHO pyC-
CKHMH, TaK H HHO513bIgHoro npOHCxO}KAeHHH, Cp. Bblllle, n. 5) KO-
HegHbIr3 TBepAbII3 COr.naCHblrl npeabIAyu ero CJIOBa He CM5IrgaeTCSI:
BOT 3TOT, B 3T'bM, K 3TOMy; K BKCnepTy.
14. CorJIaCHble )K H III (HeAOJIrHe) BcerAa gBJIgIOTC51 .TBep-
AbIMH, B gem Op(:O3nHH pacxoAHTCx c op(porpa(pneri, TaK KaK HO
TpaAHuHH nHHJ TC51 )KH, IHH.
CorJIaCHbIr-I I.[ TO}Ke HPOH3HOCHTC5I TBepJW, XOTSI nHIIIeTCSi He
TOJIbKO IjbI (B OKOHgaHHSIX H cy(p(pnxcax, a TaK>Ke B ps1Ae OT-
AeJIbHbIX CJIOB), HO H UH (B CJIOBaX HHOH3bIgHOTO npoHcxoxcAe-
HH51: JIeKIjHH, AHCCepTaUH51, IHpK H T. n.); ypOxceHubi YKpaHHbl
gaCTO npOH3HOCHT B TaKHX CJlygasIx U MHrKOe: He JIeK[ublHb], a
JIeK u'HHb] H T. n., 1TO npH3HaTb Op(!o3nlgeCKHM HeJIb35I.
CJTeAyeT npeaoCTepegb OT BCTpegaloujeroCH B HaLUM aHH KMa-
HepHOrO> nPOH3HOIIIeHHg I.[ (T. e. a(p(ppHKaTbI C AOJIroI
CMblgHOrI gaCTbIO) B CJIOBaX Ha -aIHSI: OpraHH3a[Ij]H51, McxaHH-
3a[Ij]HSI H T. n.
15. IQ npOH3HOCHTCSI. KaK Ao.nroe MHTrxoe Ill - W' W':
[11I Y]xa, [H111 m y], nH[IU m a]Tb. HOBble HOpMJ 1, npH3HaBaeMble
AKaAeMHgeCKOI3 rpaMMaTHKOi3 HapslAy c yKa3aHHbIM CTapOMO-
CKOBCKHM 17pOH3HOLIIeHHeM, peKOMeHAyloT B 3TOM noJlo)KeHHH
CJIO}KHOe cogeTaHHe 11111, 'ITO eABa JIH ueJIeco06pa3H0, TaK KaK
3T0 AHaJIeKTH3M CeBepHOpyCCKOrO npOHCXO}KAeHHHg (y MHOP.HX
JIeHHHrpaaueB) 1. aHaJIeKTHoe npOH3HOHIeHHe LI9, KaK H ero
I Cp. 3aMegaHHe o TOM, 'ITO fit = W 4, - B (POCCHACKOA rpaMMa'rHxe~
M. B. JIoMOHOCOBa, H3A. 1755 r. (
(H3 poMaHa >).
BnpOLIeM, aKaA. C. Fl. O6HOpCKHIi nojlaraeT, LITO TPYAHO Cy-
AHTb c onpeAeJIeHHOCTb!o 0 npOH3HOLIIeHHH B 513bIKe I-IyIuKHHa
cogeTaHH51 4H.
KBeneeT napyc OAHHOKON
B TyMaHe Mop$ rony6oM...
LITO HIueT OH B CTpaHe AaneKOri?
i-1TO KHHYJI OH B Kpaio poAHOM?>
(IloJIHoe co6paHHe COLIHHeHHH M. 10. JIepMOHTOBa. 143A. AKaAe-
MHH HayK), CrIB, 1910, T. 11, C. 16 (TaK H HanetiaTaHO).
HO B HaIIIH AHH, KOHe'qHO, 60nbIIIHHCTBO npOH3HOCHT KHri B
TOM %e CJIOBe B 3arnaBHH po aHa B. KaTaeBa KBeneeT napyc
OAHHOKHMp. (B03M0}KHO, 'ITO ytIHTeJIIO B Knacce npHAeTCA CTOJIK
HYTbCA C BOnpOCaMH yqeHHK'OB no 9TOMY nOBOAy).
PH(pMbi MaAKOBCKOPO TO}Ke yKa3bIBa!OT Ha ((HOBOe)~ npOH3HO--
CTpo4ia 6:
CTBHe co CTOpOHbI )KHBOi oKpy)Kaioiueri HapOAHOf( CpeAb!> . (Tpy-
Abi io6HnefIHOfI Hay'qHOfl ceCCHH JIeHHHrpaAcKOro rocyAapcTBeH-
HOPO opAexa JIeHHHa YHHBepCHTeTa (1819-1944). JleHHHrpaA,.
1946, c. 96-97).
EAHHHgHOe CJIOBO WO (C oAHOKOpeHHbIMH) B JIHTepaTYPHOM
A3bIKe fPOH3HOCHTCH KaK IDTO, HO C OTPHuaHHeM B McCTOHMeHHII
HH9TO coxpaHAeTCA q, TeM 6o iee B npOH3BOAHbIX CynjeCTBHTeJIb-
HOM, npHJlaraTeJIbHOM H rjlaroJle: HHLITO}KeCTBO, HHLITO)KHbIri,,
yHH'ITO KHTb.
17. 3aAHeA3bi'IHble r, K, X 1) B HM. naA. eA. ii. npHJI'araTenb-
HbIX My)KCKOrO poAa - TOHKHff, yilpyrHfl, BeTXHH H 2) BO Bcex
(]lopMaX rnaroJIOB Ha -KHBaTb, -rHBaTb, -XHBaTb no CTapOMOCKOB-
CKOH HOPMe rIPOH3HOC51TCA TBepAO: TOH[K'bH], ynpy[rbH], BeT[xbHJ
n n n
H T. H., nOCTy[K1,]BaTb, B3Apa[rb]BaTb, IIOTpsi[Xb]BaTb H T. H.
Cp. pH(4MbI y A. C. rly1IIKHHa H M. 10. JIepMOHTOBa:
KKHA3b THXO Ha qepen KOHH HacTyn'HJI
14 MOnsHJI: KCnl, Apyr OAHHOKOIi!
TBOfi CTapblri X03AHH Te6A nepe}KHJI:
Ha TpH3He, y)Ke HeAaJleKoA,
He TbI n0A ceKHpOfi KOBbInb o6arpHUIb
14 xcapKOIO KPOB&1O MOH npaX HanOHlnb!>
(0AHOTOMHHK KCOgHHeHHA>> A. C. IIyIIIKHHa, 143A. 6, I'oc..
H3A-BO M.-.TI. 1930, c. 283 - TaK H HanetIaTaHO). CpB. TeKCTO-
JIOPH4eCKHe 3aMeTKH B CTaTbe TOB. rleTywKOBa - , 1956,
Ns 10.
Eiue H3 nyWKHHCKHX pH(!M - KEBreHHfI OHerHH>>, rn. II,
KHH (nOA BJIHAHHeM nHCbMa):
44 CHOBa /BeTep/ CBe}KHH, KpenKHN
Banbi peBOJHOUHH nOAHAJI B neHe.
JIHTefiHbifi /3aJIHJIH/6JIy3bI H KenKH.
KJIeHHH C HaMH! a a 3ApaBCTByeT JIeHHH!>.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
,(143 nO3MbI KB, H. JIeHHH>>. B. Ma$IKOBCKHI3. H36paHH0e, c. 375).
Bnp'oTIeM, ,ga)Ke y COBpeMeHHbIX HO3TOB B03MO}KHbI lOJIe6a-
HHH H npHMeHeHHe TOH H ApyrOH pH([)MbI B OAHOM H TOM )Ke npo-
H3BeAeHHH. TaK y A. TBapAOBCKoroo. B r iaBe H3 KHHrH 23 (pespaJiH 1958 r. Ns 54) :
KHa na(pac TOT, OTYaCTH 3BepcKHH,
OH OTBeliaJi - yMy yqHJI -
C yJIb16xoH MRTKO-MHHHCTepCKOR...)>
H TaM we:
44, AeCKaTb, HeCKOJIbKO HeJIOBKHN,
Flo McHbinei Mepe 3TOT CHOP,
IIpH COBpeMeHHOH 06CTaHOBKe
OH JIHnIb HeCeT B pHAbI pa3AOp>>.
To xce Ha6ntoaaeTC51 H B no3Me :
, 1953, N2 1 (c. 84-87).
29a. B H. 4 e p H bl m e B. PyccKoe yAapeHHe. C116. 1912, 74 cTp.
30. JI. B. Lq e p 6 a. I'I36paHHble pa60Tbl nO pyCCKOMy B3blKy. M., 1957.
CnoBapH
31. P. H. A B a H e c o B H C. H. O ac e r o B (pea.). PyccKoe nHTepaTyp-
Hoe npoH3HomeHHe n yAapeHHe. CJIoBapb-CnpaBo' HHK, M. 1969. (c. 3-663 c.rio-
Bapb; C. 664-708 KCBeaeHHa 0 IIpoH3HomeHHH H yaapeHHH>>).
32. CJIOBapb pyCCKoro B3bIKa, COCTaaneHHblui C. H. 0 )K e r 0 B bl M, HOA o6-
iueN peAaKwHeH axaA. C. fI. 06HOpcxoro. H3A. 3, M. 1953. (BBOAHax cTaTba
KC&eaeHHH, Hea6xoAHMble InH nOnb3YIOWHXC5T CnoBapeM>> -?? 22 H 23).
33. TOJIKOBbMI1 Cnosapb pyccxoro 513blxa iioA pea. A. H. Y w a K o_B a,
T. I-IV, 1934-1940 H nepeH3AaHHe 1'947-1948 rr. q)OTOOCpceTHb1M CnOCO6OM.
(BCTynHTenbaaa CTaTba KKax nOJ1b30BaTbC51 CJIOBapeMy - ? 23).
34. > - 110.000 CJIOB. AKa;ie-
Mxa HayK CCCP. 14HCTHTYT a3bIK03HaHHa (pea. C. H. OxceroB H A. B. Lila-
nHpo), M. 1956.
35. J1. H. Y m a K 0 B H C. E. K p 10 4 K 0 B. Op(porpa4oi ecKHii Cnoaapb.
143A. 13, M. 1957 (CO BKnIOYeHHeM co6CTBeHHbIX HMeH MY)K4HH H )KeHLUHH).
36. K. H. BbiJlHHCKHii H H. H. HHK0JI bCKHH. CnpaBO'HHK no
op4)orpa4MH H nyHKTyauHH Jana pa60THHKOB ne4aTH. (0co6eHHO Ba)KeH OTAen
reorpa4H4eCKHX Ha3BaHHH). 143x? 3, KHCKyCCTBO>>, M. 1957.
LIOne3Hbi TaK.Ke H McTOAH9eCKHe CTaTbH B acypHane >, HanpHMep:
J1. A. F o p 6 y m H H a. BbIpa3HTenbHoe 'ITeHHe B neaarOrH4ecKOM y4H-
nniue, 1950, N2 3 H 1958, N2 6.
H. P. f1 a n e A. Op4o3nnH B CpeLHei mane, 1958, N2 4.
A. M. lI a m K 0 B C K H A. 04HluaTb pe4b y4BLLlHXCa OT HenHTepaTypHOrO
yaapeHHH, 1958, N2 4.
CxcaToe rionynapaoe H3no>KeHHe Bonpoca 0 pyCCKOM npOH3HOmeHHH (c yKa-
3aHHeM nHTepaTypbl) CM. B CTaTbe KOpq)O3nHa>> B T. 31 >, H3A. 2, c. 249.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
AOCTOEBCKHf H )KHBOE CJIOBO
(D'HJroco4 BOJIbTep 3acrBJI5IJI, LITO JIIo6oII HHOCTpaHHbIII H3bIK
MO>KHO BbIy' HTb 3a KOPOTKHII cpaB'HHTeJIbHO CpOK, HO L JISI H3yYe-
HHH H OCBOeHHSI H3bIKa poJLHOro HapoJja >K H 3 H H He XBaTHT. 3TO
rJly6oKoe H OCTPOYMHOe H3pe'IeHHe 3aCTaBJISIeT Hac nOMHHTb
0 TecHeIIIUeII, opraHHLIeCKOR. CB513H H3bIKa Ha'poaa CO BCeIO ero
HCTOpHeII H MHOrOBeKOBOI3 >KH3HbIO. I3bIK, J[OCTHraSl C BeKaMH
KYJIbTypHO1I 3peJIOC'TH, HeH3MeHHO oTpa}KaeT B ce6e coKpOBeHHble
JjYMbI H LIYBCTBa Hapo a, ero Jjyx, ero CBoeo6pa3Hble ocoi6eH-
HOCTH. Bepe>KHO XpaHSi npoui ioe H LIyTKO oTpa>KaH HacTOHHjee
pa3HOCTOPOHHeI3 HapOJ[HOI1 >KH3HH, 5I3bIK, eCTeCTBeHHO, CTaHO-
BHTCH 3aKOHHOII HauHOHaJIbHOII rOpJROCTbIO, 6eCIjeHHbIM HapOaHMM
JjOCTOHHHeM. OH H3yMJIHeT CBoelo MyJjpOCTbIO, 6e3JLOHHOII rJly61i-
HOII, CBepKaIOIUHM pa3!Hoo6pa3HeM H3o6pa3HTeJIbHbIX H BbIpa3H-
TeJIbHbIX pegIeBbIX cpeJLCTB. HeHcMHCJIHMble H HeHCTOLL[HMble cpei-
CTBa 5I3bIKa n03BOJIHIO'T Ka>KJLoMy, LIYTKOMY K pe4H, HaXOJ[HTb
B JIeKCHKe, rpaMMaTHLIeCKOM H CTHJIHCTHqeCKOM CTpOe, B c OHeT'H-
'IeCKOM H HHTOHagHOHHOM M`HOroo6pa3HH IIIHpOLIaIILHHe BO3M0>K-
HOCTH O6HjeHHH C JIK)JZbMH pOJ.[HorO HapoJja ~BOHMH MbI'CJIHMH
H LIyBCTBaMH, TOHLIaI UJHMH HX OTTeHKaMH.
(D. M. UOC'ToeBCKHIf OCTpO nOHHMaJI H JjecICTBeHHO BOCnpHHH-
MaJI 3Ty HCTHHy: K...3HaifTe >Ke, - ri caJI OH, - eCTb TaKaH TacHa
rrpHpOJIbI, 3aKOH ee, no KOTOPOMY TOJIbKO TeM 5I3bIKOM MO)KHO BJIa-
,aeTb B COBeplueHCTBe, C KaKHM pOJLHJICH, T. e. KaKHM FOBOPHT TOT
HapOJj, KOTOPOMY npHHaJjJle>KHTe BbI>> (>
1877 r. MaII-HIOHb).
XapaKTepHaH'OCO6eHHOCTb pa60TbI UOCToeBCKOrO Haa H3bI-
KOM - 3T0 ero CTpeMJIeHHe HCKaTb TaKHe peLleBble cpe)jCTBa, KO-
TOpble noMoraJIH 6bI paCKPbIBaTb H Bblpa>KaTb BHyTpeHHHH MHP
LIejIOBeKa. B 3TOM gOCToeBCKHII npOgomKaJi TPaaHUHH roromi,
CTpeMSICb BHOCHTb B JIHTepaTypy 3JIeMeHTbI >KHBOII pa3rOBOPHON
peLIH HapoJja.
B TBOpLIeCKOI3 ae5ITeJIbHOCTH gOCToeBCKOFO HCPe1[KO OTpa>Ka-
JIHCb npoTHBOpeLIHH, npncyuLHe ero MHpOB033peHHIO: peaK-
IjHOHHble H MHCTHLIeCKHe npOHBJIeHHH. OJjHaKO 3TH uPOTHBOpetIHH
BbICTynaJIH cjia6eI3 B Cy>KJ[eHHHX UOCToeB'CKoro 0 >K H B 0 M SI3bI-
Ke, 3AeCb c oco60I3 CHJIOH CKa3bIBaJiaCb rOpxuaH JIIO6OBb UOCToeB-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 l II
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
cxoro xo B-telly pyCCKOMy. aocToeBCKHfI He OTAensin SI3bIK OT
HapoAa. OH 06BH'H5IJI COBpeTuieHHoe eMy (KypcHB MOff - H.,B.).
JIocTOeBCKHH pe3KO B03pa>Kan 11pOTHB KAeHHSI CBoefi MbICJIH
CCbIJIaeTCSI Ha 5IBHYIO Heygagy nepesoAa COqHHeHIHfi roronsI
I'1Hoe - no MHeH'HIO L[OCTOeBCKoro - MbI Ha6JnogaeM B OTHOIIIe-
HHH nepeBOAa HHOCT'paHHOI1 XYAO>KeCTBeHHOfi JHTepaTypbl Ha
513bIK pyoCKHfi. >. TOBO'PSI 06 yCHne-
HHH B pyCCKOfi IU'KOne Toro BpeMeHH H3y'IeHH5I rpelqeCKorO H na-
THHCKOPO SI3bIKOB, aocToeBCKHR CnpaBeAnHBO B03pa}KaeT nPOTHB
HaMe'IaeMoro OAHOBpeMeHHO yMeHbIJ1 H'HH IIIKOJIOf3 MygeHHSi 513bI-
Ka pyCCKOPO: OH OCHOBaTeJIbHO onacaeTCSI, 'ITO 3TO - no Bblpa>Ke-
HHIO aocTOeBCKoro - KeT cAe-
JIaTb B 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOr3 Mepe 6eCnnOAHbIM OCBOeHHe H 5r3bIKOB Apea-
HOCTH. >. r703AHee, no
xoliy poMaHa, Apyrot repot ero, BepCHJIOB 3aMe'aeT B ApxaaHH
3T0 My4eHHe H rOBOPHT eMy: ZI,OCToe'BCKHf nH-
uleT: HOXO}KH Ha My3bIKy. A KCTaTH, KaK BbI 'CMOT-
pHTe Ha My3bIKy? KaK Ha HaCJia}KAeHHe HJIH KaK Ha Heo6xo H-
MOCTb nOJIO}KHTeJIbHyJo?'rlo-MoeMy, 9TO TOT }Ke 513bIK, HO BbICKa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
3bIBaJomI i TO, T4TO CO3HaHHe eme He OAOJiejio (He PaCCyAOgHOCTb,
a BCe C03HaHHe), a, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, npHHOc ILuHI3 nodIO>KHTegb-
HYIO HOJIb3y> .
Ellie 60Jiee LIYTOK H HaCTOpo'3KeH'Ho-BHHMaTeJIeH L[ocToeBCKHYI
K BOJIHyK)Iuel3 ero Bceraa HHTOHaLHOHHOI3 BbIpa3HTeJIbH'oCTH pellH
y C T H O Ii, B OCO6eHHOCTH, HenpHHy)KAeHHO-6bITOBOrO pa3roBopa.
OH nopaMKeH CHJIOII B03,aerICTBHSI T O H a pegIH Ha CJIyIHaTeae13. Xa-
paKTepeH B 3TOM OTHOLIIeHHH paCCKa3 ,L[OCToeBCKOrO, 3anHcaHHbIi-I
B KJHeBHHKe fHcaTeJIH> (1873 F., BTOpoJ a63au XIII r.naBbl).
B AaHHOM CJiynae UOCToeBCKHf paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 ropsltleM cnope
LneCTH MaCTepoBblX, HeBOJIbHbIM CBHAeTeJIeM KOTOpOPO CTaJI JZO-
CTOeBCKHt. OKa3aJiocb, 3TH JIIOAH OAHHM JIHIHb nOCTOHHHO nOBTO-
psieMblM HMH CJIOBOM (K TOMy >Ke HeueH3ypHbIM), HO npOH3HOCH-
MbIM HHTOHaUHOHHO-pa3HOo6pa3HO, He TOJIbKO Bblpa}KaJIH, HO H
TOLIHO nOHHMaJIH (KaK FOBOPHT UOCToeBCKHA) Ke ueJible rJIy6OKHe paccy>KAeHHg>>.
Ccpepa Ha6JIIOJ[eHHI3 3a B03AefiCTBYIOLueIi CHJIOI3 }KHBOYro
CJIOBa qpe3BblgaJIHO pacHIHpHJlacb AJISI aOCToeBCKOrO B HagaJIe
BTOPOl3 nOJIOBHHbI npOLHJIOrO CTOJIeTHSI. B 1864 roAy 6bIJIH BBe-
AeHbI B POCCHH cyAe6Hbie pecpopMbl, KOpeHHbIM 06pa3OM peopra-
HH30BaBwHe HaLH CyA H, B ggaCTHOCTH, yCTaHOBHBLLIHe B HeM rJlac-
HbII-I COCTH3aTeJIbHbIII npouece. fIOHBHJIaCb vpe3BbITIaIIHO 061IIHp-
HaSI cyAe6easl TpH6yHa, K TOMY >Ke TeCHO CBSI3aHHaH C >KH3HbIO
o6meCTBa. Y>Ke B nepBble roabI oCynieCTBJIeHHH HOBbIX Cyae6HbIX
yCTaBOB BbISIBHJIHCb 4Ipe3BbITIaiIHO TaJIaHTJIHBble CyAe6Hble opa-
TOPbI H3 PHAOB aABOKaTypbI. YMeJIO npOBeaeHHble HMH npoueccbi
nPHBeJIH K KOJIJIH3HH o6lueCTBa c aaBOKaTypOI3. OpaTOpCKoe
CJIOBO cyAe6HOII TpH6yHbI, BnepBble H1HPOKO npHMeHeHHoe y Hac,
HeBOJIbHO CTaBHJIO nepea o6njeCTBOM H3BeqHbIfI BOnpOC, KOTOpbII3
enue B apeBHeli FpeUHM npHHYAHJI K CnOPY BeJIHgaI3LHHX cpHJi0c0-
cpOB TOPO BpeMeHH ITJiaTOHa H ApHCTOTeJIH, a COJIOHa O65f3aJi
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
KH3HH Toro BpeMeHH: OHa npOll3BeJIa
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IueI1KHH 6bIJI HeBbICOKoro pOCTa H tlpe3Bblt1al3HO nOJIHbIM).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HbIMH 6JIarOTBOpHTeJIbHbIMH ygpe)KAeHH3lMI3, a BTOpaH fOJIOBHIIa
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TeJIbCTByIOI.uyIO 0 TOM, KaK rOTOBHJI UOCToeBCKHH K npOH3Hece-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HHIO ((Ilpopoxa>> H : H3 3TOIi 3anHCH BHAHO,
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nbI B CBOeM pa3BHTHH 3TO 5IBJIeH,He npoxo.HJ1o, H C TOT4KH 3peHH5T
3TOrO pa3BHTHH CMOTpeTb, meM ,aHHa5I Benjb CTaiia Tenepb> 5.
I B. H. T P O H U K H A. >, M., 1946 r., KaH)(HAaTCKaH JHccepTagH$I, 3aluHueHHaA
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cKoA JIHHrBHCTHHeCKOF JIHTepaType>. M., 1952 r., KaHAHAaTCKafl AIICCCpTauHH.
3 B. 'rl. I' p H,ro p b e B. 4O rpaHHUaX Me>KAy a(j4H'KCaUHeI1 H CJIOBOCJIO-
)KeHHem)o. }KypHaJi ~cBonpocbl B3bIKO3HaHHAW, H3A. AH CCCP, 1956 r., X* 4,
CTp. 39.
4 Tam we, cTp. 45.
5 B. 14. JI e H H H. CO4HHeHHB, T. 29, H3A? 4, cTp. 436.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CneAyeT OTMeTHTb, ZITO CJIOBOCJIC}KeHHe, KOTOPOMY yAeJISIJIH
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pblM rlpxcyuje CJIOBocJIo KeHHe, Ha6JIIoAaeTC51 pa3JIH'HBSI HHTeH-
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(DpaHILy3CKHA HoCJIeAoBaTe.Ib A. ,a03a C'ZIHTaeT, 'iTO, HanpHMep,
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meCKOI3 JIHTepaType Ha6JI10.IjaeM 3HatiHTeJlbHble Cllopbl no OTAenb-
HbIM BonpocaM. TaK E. ~HKeHMaHH CHOpHT C (D. MHKJIOIIIHZIeM,
yTBep}KAa1oaLIHM B CBOIO OZIepeAb, 'iTO CJIOBOCJIO)KeHHe 6oJiee Bcero
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14TO 6oJlrapcKHH H pyCCKHIi A3bIK o6JIaAaIOT 6oJIbiuHM KOJIHtie-
CTBOM CJIOBOCJIO)KeHHl3 CpaBHHTe.IbHO C Cep6CKHM, XOTA H 3HatiH-
TeJIbHO YCTynaIOT B 3TOM 3HatieHHH HeMeIIKOMY A3bIKy 5.
MbI JjaJIeKH 'OT MbIICJI'H,'ZITO-6bI TOJIKOB':aTb CJIOBOCJIO)KeHHe, KaK
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MIHpa HMeIOT OAHHa'KOBble npaBa Ha 'BHIHMaHiHe ILCCJIe1 OBaTeJIH,
m 3. Ceni-ip, npaIBHJIbHO, 3aMetlae'T, HTO' KMHOrH.M H3 513b1KOB,
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pa3JIHt1Srs HX CJOB'OO6pa3OBaTenbHbIX CHCTeM.
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ytleHbie. ELUe 11. 14. Cpe3HeBCKH'I IIOA`1epKHyn B CBOeI-I cTaTbe
K0,6 o6pa30BaHH'H Cn'OB H'3 BbIpa}KeHHFi>, ZITO KeHHq B cpaBHHTeJlbHO-HCTOPHLIeCKOM
njraHe JjaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb BCKpbIT'b rJIy6HHHble npoIjecc i CJIOBO-
CJIO}KeHHH, paCKpblTb 3aKOHOMepHOCTH o6pa3oBaHHSr CJIO}KHbIX
CJIOB B HCTOpHLIeCKOM fJlaHe B pyCCKOM H3bIKe CpaBHHTeJIbHO
c ApyriM'H 513bIKaMH H HMeeT OrpOMHOe 3HaLIeHHe Aim peuieHHH
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COBpeMeHHoro PyCCKOrO 513bIKa, HCTOPHLIeCKOl3 AHaJIeKTOJlorHH,
OHOMaCTHKH, HC'TOpuLIeCKOrr reorpa(4HH H TOHOHHM1HKH, HO 3THM He
HcxiepnblBaeTCH 3HaLIeHHe H3yLieHHH CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHH. KaK y'Ka-
3bIBaeT HOJIbCKa} HccJIeAOBaTeJIbHHaa C. CKBap4HHCKa$, CJIOBO-
CJIO}KeHHe HMeeT rpoMazuioe 3HaqeHHe JjJIH CTHJIHCTHKH 513b!Ka.
C. CKBap4HHCKaH yTBep}KJjaeT, LITO ,i[Ba CJIOBa CJIO}KeHHble, cna-
H'HHble BMeCTe, C03AaIOT KaKOrr-TO HOBbIrI TpeTHfl 3JIeMeHT, CnO-
co6CTBy1OwHrI 6oraTCTBy Bblpa}KeHHH. HanpHMep: nHTHJIHCTHbIi,
Cepe6HHOJIyHHblrI H T. A. CJIO}KHoe CJIOBO BHOCHT co6OI3 6oraTCTBO
npeACTaBJIeHHI3, ogeHb UeHHoe J1JIH Ka}KJ[oro n03Ta 2. '
HO He TOJIbKO BOnPOCbI CTHJIHCTHKH, HO H BOIIpOCbI McTOAHKH
PYCCKOPO H3bIKa npOHCHHIOTCH npH H3yLIeHH'H CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHH.
I'I3y4eHHe CJIO}KHbIX CJIOB nO3BOJIHeT yrJIy6HTb McTOAHKy npe-
nOAaBaHHH pyCCKoro H3bIKa B cpe,nHerr H BbICIUerr UIKOjie. 3TO OT-
McLIaJIH JIy4UIHe npenoJ[asaTeJIH cpeAHe13 IIIKOJIbI. TaK A. CoJlo-
MOHOBCKHrI nHCaJI: tLHH CHHTaKCHLIeCKHri CTPOri peLIH, HH MOp()OJIO-
rwieCKHe H3MeHeHHH He AaioT TaKOI'O HarJIHAHoro HOHHTHH
0 JIOTHKe 513bIKa, KaKHe MO}KHO notIepnHyTb H3 ynpa}KHeHHrl 0 CJIO-
B011pOH3BOJjCTBe>. B HaCTOHUjee BpeMH BOHPOCbI cJloBoo6pa3osa-
HH51 npHBJIeKaIOT BHHMaHHe MOJIOAbIX HCCJIeAOBaTeuIeIi, o LIeM CBH-
AeTeJIbCTByeT 3Ha4IHTeJIbHOe KOJIHLIeCTBO J[HccepTaIjuI3, nOCBHIIjeH-
HbIX BOHPOCaM CJIOBO06pa30BaHHH H gaCTHgHO CJIOBocJIO}KeHHH,
HO B 3THX HCCJIeAOBaHHHX, B OCHOBHOM pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTCH BOnpOCbI
CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHH XVIII, XIX H XX CTOJIeTHH. 3HagHTeJlbHO xy}Ke
I C p e 3 H e B C K H ft M. M. 3aMegaHHH o6 o'6pa33B3HHH CdIOB
)KeHHI1 c6. OPSIC, T. X, Cr16, 1873, cTp. LXVII-LXXV.
(D O P T Y H a T O B ID. (D. CpaBHHTenbHoe H3b!KOBeAeHHe. CI-IB, 1890-
1891, CTp. 73---74. H. B 0 JI. y 3 H-,I[ a-K y p T e H 3. 3aMeTKa o6 H3MeHSIeMOCTH
OCHOB CKJIOHeHHS!, B OCO6eHHOCTH )Ke o6 HX COKpaiueHHH B nOJIb3y OKOHLIaHHA.
Bapmaaa, 1902.
2 S k w a r c z y n's k a S t e f a n i a. Wstep do nauki o literaturze. T. II,
1954 r. Slowa slozone i ich ekspresiwnosc Warshava, 1954, CTP. 223-229.
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H3y4eHa 3noxa XI-XIV CTOJIe'rHH H nOLITH 6eJIbIM nSITHOM B HCTO-
pHH HaiuHX HCCJIeAOBaHHK OCTaeTCH 3noxa XV-XVII CTOJIeTHSI,
KOTOpOK MbI H IIOCB$IUgaeM HaIIIy CTaTbK):KoTOpaa 5IBJI5IeTC$I q)par-
McHTOM H3 MOHerpacf)HH (no MaTepHaJlaM nHCbMeHHbIX naMSITHHKOB XV-XVII
CTOJIeTHSI), noArOTOBJISIeMOf3 HaMH K negaTH.
14 XOTSI B H3y'TeHHH CJIOB006pa30BaHHSr CoBpeMeHHoro pyc-
CKOrO 5I3bIKa, H B TOM 4HCJIe F[ CJIOaoCJIoMceHHSI, pyCCKoe M3bIKO-
3HaHHe Ao6HJIOCb 3Ha4HTeJIbHb[X yCneXOB, B o6JIaCTH H3y eHHH
HCTOpH4eCKoro CJIOBOo6pa3oBaHHSI Ha6JHoAaeTCSI 3HagHTeJIbHoe
OTCTaBaI'He.
CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHK) COBpeMeHHOro pyCCKOrO 513bIKa yAe.IHJi
60JIbIlJoe BHHMaHHe npo[J. B. B. BoropOJYHuKHff B CBOeM > (113A. 5, M. - JI., 1925 r.) ; A. A. By-
JIaXOBCKHfI B K.ypce KPyCCKHI3 TIHTepaTyPHbIF-I SI3bIK>> (T. I, KHeB11952 r.); H OCO6eHHO aKaAeMHK B. B. BHHOrpaAOB, C03AaBUIHII
ueJIbIH p1J( 0CHOBOnoJlaraIOMHx TPYAOB B o6JIaCTH CJIOBoo6pa3o-
BaHHH. 1. fHTepeCHbfe 3aMeiIaHHSf B o6JIaCTH H3y~IeHHSI CJIOBOO6pa-
30BaHH5I MbI HaxoAHM B CTaTb5IX npocf eccopa F. 0. BHHOKypa 2,
a TaK}Ke 6oJIbUloe BHHMaHHe EonpocaM CJIOBO06pa3OBaHHH y1e_-
.n reTCSI B AKaJZeMHgeCKOFI rpa:KMaTHKe pyCCKOro 93bIKa (I43A.
AH CCCP, M. 1952 r.); B KHHre , Kypc JIeKUHI3 (IU3,4. MFY, 1952 r.) not; peAaxu'Hec
B. B. BHHorpa,1 oBa H B pa6oTe > noa peAaxuHerl
npoc). E. M. FaJIKHHOI-I-(DeuopyK (M. 1956 r.).
BonpocaMH CJIWKHOro CJIOBa 3aHHMaJlcx H npoq). A. H. CMHp-
HHuKHf3 3, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM TpaKTy5I BOnpOCbl ueJIbHOOq)OpMJIe.H-
HOCTH CJTOBa H 3aHHMaHCb pa3rpaHH~IeHHeM HOHSITH5I CJIO}KHOI'O
CJIOBa, npOH3BOAHOrO CJIOBa H CJIOBOCO4eTaHH5q. MbI y3Ke roBO-
pHJIH BbIlue, 4T0 BOnpOCbl Te0pHH pyCCKOrO CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHM66JIaroAap i TpyAaM B. A. BoropoAHulcoro, JI. A. ByJlaxoscxoro,
i B. B. B H H O r p a A 0 B. PyCCKHI1 H3bIK, Al. - JI., 1947 r.
E r o >K e. Bonpocbl coapeMeHHoro PYCCKOCO CJIOBOO6pa3OBBHHH B CBeTe
TpyAOB H. B. CTaJIHHa. . H3BeCTHB AH CCCP, T. X, Bbin. 3, 1951 r.
Er o >K e. C.noBoo6pa3oBBHHe B ero OTHOHTeHHH K rpaMMaTHKe H neKCH-
KOJIOrHH. (BOnpOCb[ TeOPHH H HCTOPHH H3bIKa B CBeTe TpyAOB H. B. CTaJIHHa
no H3bIKO3HaHHIO). M., H3A. AH CCCP, 1952 r.
E r o >K e. H3 HCTOPHH pyCCKOF1 JIHTepaTypHOIi neKCHKH. ,IjOKnaAbl H CO-
o61ueHHH HH-Ta PyCCKoro H3blKa AH 4 CCP, Bb[n. 2, 1948 r.
2 F. 0. B H! H K) K y p. 3aMeTKH 110 pyCCKOMy CJIOB')06pa30BaHHI0. 1'130e-
CTHH AH CCCP. 0TAeneHHe JIHTepaTypbi H H3bIKa, T. V, Bbin. 4, 1946 r.,
cTp. 315, 332.
E r o )K e. 0 HeKOTOpbIX HBneHH5[X CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHH B pyCCKOIi TeXHH-
4eCKOF[ TepMHHOJIOrHH. C6opHHK cTaTeA no H3bIKO3HaHHI0, T. V, HOJIH, 1939 r.
3 A. H. C M M P H H u K H A. K BOIIpoCy 0 cJIoae. C6. Bonpocbl TeoPHH H
HCTO HH H3blKa B CBeTe TpyAOB H. B. CTaJIHHa no H3bIKO3HaHHI0. M., 1952 r.
r o >K e. HeKOTOpbie 3aMegaHHH 0 npHHIHnax MOp(pO.OrH4eCKOrO aHa-
JIH3a OCHOB. ROKnaAbl H coo6ueHHH (r JIOJIorH4eCKoro (paKynbTera MI'Y,
BbIH. 6, 1948 r.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
axaA. B. B. BHHorpaAOBa H Apyrxx ygexbix Hau1ek CTpaHbI, noJly-
'IHJrH IIIHpoxoe OCBelgeHHe. 3a nocJIeAHee AeCHTHJieTHe Mbi Ha6JIio-
AaeM 6oJlbuloe KOJIH4eCTBO AHccepTaUHH, nocasluieHHbIX coBpe-
McHHOMY pYCCKOMY CJIOBO06pa3OBaHHIo. 3Ha4HTeJlbHO CJia6ee H3y-
4eHbl BOnp0Cb1 CJioaoo6pa30'BaHHSI HCTOpH4eCKoro.
Heo6xoAHMOCTb HcTOpH4ecxoro H3y4eHHH BOnPOCOB CJIOBoo6-
pa30BaHHH OTMegaJIH HaIIIH KpyfHeBIIHe JIHHrBHCTbI. TaK,
B. K. IIOp Ke3HHCKHik yTBep}KAaJi, 'ITO TOJIbKO HCTOPH4eCKOe
KHccJIeAOBaHHe BCKPbIBaeT HaM MHorHe (paKTbI, HHa4e OCTaBII1He-
#CSI 6bI HenOHSITHbIMH... H BOCIIOJIHSIeT np06eJIbI HHCMeHHOH TpaAH-
IIHH>> 1. fo3AHee aKaAeMHK JI. A. ByJIaXOBCKHI3, nJIOAOTBOpHO,
Pa3BHBafl 3TH MbICJIH, yKa3aJ1, 4T0 TOJIbKO npH BHH-
MBTeJIbHOM H CTPOrOM y'eTe, LITO B o6JIaCTH CJIOB006pa3OBaHHSI
OTIIOCHTCSI K SIBJIeHHHM }KHBbIM H npOAyKTHBHbIM, T. e. npH no-
MOIUH Nero, B cny4ae Ha Lo6HOCTH, MOTYT CO3AaBaTbC51 HOBble
cJIoBa C TeM'H %Ke 3JIeMe'HTaMH 3Ha4eHHH, LITO elue 60Jiee iHJIH
McHee CBo60AHO H30JIHpyeTCH, H HMeeT CBOe onpeAeJieHHoe 3Ha4e-
HHe, HO y)Ke yTpaTHJIO CHJIy CJIY)KHTb cpeACTBOM nO51BJ1eHH51 HO-
BbIX CJIOB, 4T0 nepeCTaJIO B CO3HaHHH H30JIHpOBaTbCSI, Hrpasi CBOIO
pa3JIH'4HTeJI!bHyIO pOJIb; LITO yxce SIBJISIeTCSI OCTaTKOM CTapHHbi,
yTpaTHBIIIHM CBOIO }KH3HeHHyIO 6bIJIylo CHJiy> 2, B03MO)KHO pa3pe-
lueHHe BOnpOCOB - HCTOpH4eCKOrO CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHSI.
Heo6xoAHMOCTb HCTOpH4eCKoro H3y4eHHSI CJIOB006pa3oBaHHSl
noA4epKHBaeT H np'OCpecc'op JI. AHApeH'HH, KOTOpbIH B CBaeH
KI paMM'aTHKe 6ojirapCKoro 5I3bIKa>> rOBOpHT 0 TOM, TITO CJIOBO-
06pa30BaHHe >
(MOCKBa, 1946 r.); FpnropbeB A. II., KHeKOTOpble BOnpOCbl Teo-
pHH CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHH Ha MaTepHaJie CJIO}KHbIX CyIueCTBHTeJIbHbIX
C rJIarOJIbHbIM BTOPbIM KOMnOHeHTOM> (M. 1955 r.); B. B. T4eAHH,
KeCTBeHHOIi JIHTepaTYpbl
BO BTOPOIi nOJIOB'HHe XIX BeKa. }KYKOBCKHIi, IlyHIKHH, JlepMOH-
TOB, ForoJtb, TIOTgeB>>. (T6HJIHCH, 1956 r.) HAP.
14Tax, HCTOpHqeCKOe CJIOBOO6pa3OBaHHe H, B 1IaCTHOCTH, CJI()-
BOCJIO}KeHHe eiue )KAeT CBOHX HccJIeAOBaTeJIeli, a BOnpOCbI, KOTO-
pble BCTaIOT nepeA HBMH B CB513H C BOnPOCOM CJIOBOCJIo)KeHHH,
HMe1OT OrPOMHOe 3HageHHe AJIH HaYKH 0 H3bIKe. TaK KaK CTpyK-
Typa CJIO)KHOrO cjioaa, T. e. XapaKTep coeA'HHeHHH KOMHOHeHTOB
rJIaBHoro H 3aBHCHMOrO CJIOBa, HaJIH'IHe HJIH OTCYTCTBHe a4X1JBK-
COB, HaJIH1IHe HJIH OTCYTBHe COeAHHHTeJIbHOrO rJIadHOro, nOpH-
AOK pacnoJlo)KeHHH OCHOB B COCTaBe KOMHO3'HTa onpeAeJIHeTCH
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JIe}KHOCTbK) erO K onpeAeJIeHHoI3 MaCTH peMH, eMKOCTbIO ero ce-
MaHTHKH, ero CHHTaKCH4eCKHMH H CJIOBOO6pa3OBaTeJIbHbIMH
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naMHTHHKH, B c(pepe KOTOPbIX ynoTpe6JIHeTCH AaHHoe CJIOBO), TO
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MHTHHKOB nHCbMeHHOCTH.
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;MaTHgeCKOH CH'CTeMe pyCCKOrO, H3bI'Ka (C TOI1 HJIIH HHOI qaCTbIO
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AoBa, B cBoeH HHTepeCHOl3 rJlaBe, HOCBHIueHHOI3 BOnpocaM CJIOBO-
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pa36Hpa5I BOnpOC 0 B3aHMOOTHOHIeHH14 CJIO}KHOrO CJIOBa H CJIOBO-
coMeTaHHH, 6yAeM IIOJlb3OBaTbC51 ee onpeAeJieHHHMH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
He B3Hpax Ha TO, tITO B CJIO>KHOM CJIOBe AOBOJIbHO JierKO
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nOHeHT He BbI3bIBaeT Y Hac COMHeHHH. BTO CTapOCJIaBHHCKa5 He-
nOJIHorJIaCHaR 4 opMa raaB. HTaK, CTpeMrJI B B 5I3bIKe H3y4aeMOIi
HaMH 3nOXH o603Ha4aJI0 BHH3 rOJIOBOIi, ynaCTb npHMO BHH3 roJio-
BOK. B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM H3bIKe y)Ke yTpa4eHbI NCHBb1e CBSI3H
Me)KAy KOMHOHeHTaMH CTpeM H rJIaB. H B TOJIKOBOM cJlosape pyc-
cxoro $I3bIKa n0A peAaKuHeli )J. H. YuIaKOBa MbI HaXOAHM ciie-
Ayloujee onpereJleHHe 3TOro CJIOBa: CTpeMrJlaB, Hape4. 04eHb 6bI-
CTPO, CTpeMHTeJIbHO. H BApyr CTpeMr.naB 6eacaTb nyCTHJICSI.
I 0. C. A x m a H 0 B a. > H HX KJIaccH(iHKau'HA B CO-
BpeMeHHOM allrJIHRCKOM A3b1Ke..JOKJIaabI H coo IueHH3I (PHJIOJIorH4eCKoro (pa-
KyJIbTeTa MfY, 1948 r., Bbin. 6, cTp. 5.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
(fly1IIKHH). Y3H'HK BbIPBaJICH H3 TIOpbMbI H cTpeMrJlaB nyCTHJICR
6e}KaTb. (TyprexeB) 1.
HCTOpHS1 CJIOBa cTpenlrJlaB nOKa3bIBaeT HaM, KaK npOHCXO.1 HT
B npouecce HCTOPHt1eCKOrO pa3BHTHH 3a6BeHHe CTaporo 3HatieHHR
B nePBOM KOMIOHeHTe CJIO)KHOrO cJIOBa H B CJIO}KHOM CJIOBe ueJIH-
KOM, B pe3yJIbTaTe hero gaCTO yTpatIHBaIOTCH CeMaHTHKO-CHHTaK-
CHt1eCKHe CBSI3H neps40 CO BTOPbIM KOMnOHeHTOM H KOMHO3HT
npeapaiuaeTCx B npOCTOe CJIOBO.
CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb, TO B CJIO74{HbIX CJIOBaX tfaCTO I1POHCXOAHT
KaK 6bw CTa6HJIH3aLHH H KOHCepBaIHH apxaHtlecKHX 3JIeMeHTOB
5I3bIKa. TaK, HanpHMep, B 513biKe H3ygaeMOrO HaMH nepHo a 6bIJIH
BeCbMa IIpOAyKTHBHbIMH H paCnPOCTpaHeHHbIMH CJIO}KHble CJIOBa
C nepBbIM KOMIIOHeHTOM 6op30: 60p3o6oraTbIN (KJLC), 6op303pH-
TeJIeH (KAC), 60p30HHceub (KJ1C), 60p30no 1BH KHwIFi (KJ1,C),
60p30CMMCJIeHHbIN (KJiC), 60p30TeKyLuHN (K)IC), 60p30XO-
Aeub (K,QC), 60p3OX0,i(HbIN (KL1C).
B npouecce HCTOPHtIeCKOI'O pa3BHTHSI KOMHOHeHT BOP30 BbI-
XOAHT H3 CHCTeMbI JIHTepaTypHOrO 513bIKa H B COBpeMeHHOM pyc-
CKOM JIHTepaTypHOM 93bIKe, KaK CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT TOJIKOBbII3 CJIO-
Bapb noa peaaKuHeI3 a. H. YmmaKOBa, 60p3MN, - asl, - oe HMeeT
noMeTy (o6Ji. no3T). CKO,pbII3, pe3BbII3, 6op3bI13 KOHb. H1HOrAa
OJIO}KHb1e CJIOBa BbIXOASIT H3 ynoTpe6JIeHH5q, HanpHMep, 6op-
303pHTeJIeH, 60p30TeKyULHI%. B apyrxx cJIytIacix npOHCXOAHT 3a-
McHa KOMnOHeHTa 60p30 Ha CKOpO. apeBHee 60p30XOAeu 3aMeHH-
JIOCb 4)OpMOI3 CKOpOXOA. MbI BBHAHM, TO B 3TOM FHe3Ae CJIOB
TIPOH3O1IIJIH 3HagHTeJIbHb1e H3MeHeHHSI, np,HMeM BbIIIIJIH H3 ynOT-
pe6JIeHH51 HJIH KOMnO3HTbI ue.IHKOM, HJIIH npOH30HIJIa 3aMeHa
OTAeJIbHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB. B eAHHH4HbIX cjiytlaxx COXpaHHJIHCb
CJIOBa: 60p3onncaHHe, 60p30IHCeu, HO OHH ynoTpe6JisnorCSI JIHI1Ib
C OCO6013 CTHJIHCTH4eCKO13 OKpaCKOH. TaK, B cJlosape A. H. Yuia-
KOBa MbI BCTpetlaeM 60p30HHcaHHe, 60p3onucaHHS1 C nOMeTOrf
(HpOH.). JIHTepaTypHOe TBOptIeCTBO 6Op3onHCua2. H HH}Ke CJIOBO
60p30nHceu, - cua, M. (HpOH.). flHcaTeJIb, KOTOpbIH nHI1IeT
OXOTHO, HO He6pe}KHO, Hacnex...3. CJIeaye'T omMCTHTb, tlTo
B XV CTOJIeTHH CJIOBO 6op30nucel[ He HMeJ1o eIue HPOHH9eCKO1i
OKpaCKH, npHo6peTeHHOf HM B npouecce HCTOpHtIeCKOro pa3BH-
THSI, cp. . (PaA3HB. JIeT.
XV, 132, KJIC), rAe CJIOBO 6op3onxceu .RHulei o OTpxuaTeJlbHO1
oueHxH.
B nJIaxe Bbluleyxa3aHHoro 6oJIbuIOH HHTepec npeACTaBJIHeT
H rHe3AO CJIOB, B nePBOH 4aCTH KOTOpbIX Mbl HaXOAHM KOMIIOHeHT
ewe: e}Kegacb (KJJC), a enSITHHub ~7(KAC), e}KeBOCKpeCHb
(K.L C), e%eyTpb (K,UC) e}KeAeHb (KLI,C), e)KeHo ei% (KJIC),
e}KeMecsub " (KAC), e}KeBeyepb (KTJC), exce.neTb (KJJC).
I TonxosblA CJIOBapb pyccKoro R36JKa noA penaKuHet% ja. H. Y uI a K o s a,
T. 4, cTp. 556.
2 Tam )Ke. T. I, CTP. 174.
3 Tam we, cTp. 175.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
I> 2.
To we ca Moe MbI Ha6JIKTAaeM no OTHOUIeHHIO K CJIOBy BeTpH-
JlOnepHblFi (KAC) 0 KOpa6JIe, aBH>KIIMOM napycaMH. BeTpHJIo
B 3HaMIeHHH napyc B CneLLHaJlbHOM ynoTpe6JIeHHH 6bITOBaJIO ellje
B nO3THileCKOM 5q3bIKe n-epBOfI nOJIOBHHbI XIX CTOJIeTHSI, cp. lIyUI-
KHHCKOe:
IIIyMH, LUYMH nocJiyLUHoe BeTpHJIO,
BOJIHyIiCSI fOJjo MHOII, B03AyIUHbIA OKeaH.
B. COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM H3bIKe 6e3 cneL[HaJIbHoro 3THMOJIOrHIIe-
CKOrO aHaJIH3a CJIOBO BeTPHJIOnepHbIN OCTaeTCH COBepuJeHHO HeHC-
HbIM HO CBOeMy COCTaBy.
TOT }Ke npouecc MbI Ha6JllojjaeM B CJIOBe eAHHOH(HBOTHO
(KAC), He HOHHTHOM 6e3 cneljHajlbHOro o6'bHCHeHH$I, B CJIOBe, CO-
CTOHLueM H3 AByX KOMHOHeHTOB eAHH H }KHBOT B 3Ha4eHHH )KH3Hb,
o6a IjepKOBHOCJIaBSIHCKOI'o nPOHcxo)KAeHH51.
5e3 CneuHaJlbHbIX HCTOpHIIeCKHX H CpaBHHTeJIbHbIX o6'bSICHe-
HHI3 HenOHTHO H CJIO}KHOe CJIOBO Ay60BCXOAHblfi, Ay60BCXOAHaS
3MCS1 (KIIC) - 3MeH, BJIe3alouua5l, BnOJI3aIoIljaJi Ha Ay6. ApxaH4e-
CKHe 3JIeMeHTbI MbI MO}KeM HaIiTH B CJIOBe cyecJ10BHe (KZ[C) KOM-
nOHeHT cye; KpOBeTBOpHbd (KJ-iC), B KOTOpOM COXpaHHJIaCb B
nepBoK IIaCTH apxaHlIecxax (popMa CKJIOHeHHH pOAHT. n. eJ[.
4HCJIa; JI}KeAMHTPHfi (K,L C), B KOTOPOM TaK)Ke B nepBOM KOMIIO-
HeHTe cOXpaHHJIHCb IIepTbI apxaH4eCKoro CKJIOHeHHH.
MoxcHo 6bIJIO 6bI 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO yBeJIHIIHTb KOJIHIIeCTBO npHMe-
pOB, HO H npHBeJjeHHbIX AaHHbIX AOCTaTOIIHO AJIH KOHCTaTaUHH
I A (~ a H a C H FI H H K H T H H. Xowa'(eHHe 3a TPH Mopo. ~13II. AH CCCP,
1950 r., CTp. 33.
2 P. H. II 0 110 B. 1- paMMaTHLI eCKHe apXaH3MbI B yCTO94HBbIX (ppa3e0a0-
rH4ecKHX C1U1HHgaX PYCCKOr0 A3bIKa, M., 1956 r., CTp. 1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
(paKTa coxpaHeHHH KOMnO3HTaMH, apxaxtiecKHx, rpaMMaTHgIe-
CKHX, JIeKCH4eCKHX H (4OHeTHtleCKHX 5IBJIeHHI3, jjaBHO BbHHlejtLUHX
H3 ynOTpe6JIeHHH B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM 5I3bIKe.
3aMetleHO, 4TO Ha }KI3Hb 'CJIWKHOr0 CJIOBa O'Ka3bl1BaeT
OrpOMHoe BJIHHHHe ero ceMaHTIJKa. Ha npOAYKTHBHOCTb, pacnpo-
CTpaHeHHOCTb H COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTb OCHOB B npe)ZeJiax OAHoro
H TOro }Ke CJIOBa BJIHHIOT pa3Hble OTTeHKH HJIH 3HatleHHSI OTTeH-
KOB, 3aKJIIOIeHHbIX B O,I(HOM H TOM )Ke CJIOBe. TaK, HanpHMep,
CJIOBO 6eJIbIII B 9nOXy XV-XVII CTOJIeTHH, KaK MO)KHO yCTaHO-
BHTb n0 _MaTepHa.naM KapTOTeKH apeBHepyCCKOFO cJIOBap$I, yno-
Tpe6JIHJIOCb B TpeX OCHOBHbIX 3Ha4eHHSIX:
BeJIbIII - 6e.Ioro useTa;
BeJIbIl3 - LIHCTbIII;
BeJIbIH - CBo60,iaHbIg.
C 6eJIbIM B 3HatleHHH 6e.noro UBeTa CBSI3aHbI TaKHe CJIOBa,
Ka'K 61JIOJIH bJN (KL'C), 6iJI06OKHI7 MAC), 6+,Jiory6bIH (KJ1C),
61.aoK0nb1THIli (KAC), OWIOrOJ10Bblf (KA'C), 6',Jlo6opoAbdN
(KJIC), ynoTpe6JIBlonwecH rJlaBHbIM o6pa3OM B 3HatleHHH jjJI51
o603HatIeHHSI oCO6bIX KatIeCTB H CBOIICTB, B aaHHOM CJlytlae 1BeTa,
y LleJIOBeKa HJIH Y 3KIIBOTHbIX. 9TH 3HatIeHHH }KHBbI H B COBpeMeH-
HOM PYCCKOM JIHTepaTYPHOM 5I3bIKe, B KOTOPOM yrOTpe6JISIK)TCH
BCe BblInenPHBeaeHHble CJIOBa. 3Hat1eflHe t1HCTbIN CO 3HatleHHeM
6eJioro UBeTa Mbl HaXOAHM B CJIOBax: 6+,JlopyuKa (KAC), 6 Jio-
HO}KKa (KaC), 6'hJIoJIHVKa (K,ELC), 3TH CJIOBa coxpaHBIOTCH
B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM 23bIKe, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM, B (JOJIbKJIOpe
H B AHaJIeKTaX.
C 6eJIbIM B 3HatleHHH CB060AHbI17, T. e. OCBo60}KAeHHbIFI OT
noJjaTell, CB513aHbl cJIOBa, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM, BXOJIBIIjHe B c(4epy
o61ueCTBeHHO-nOJII4THgeCKOII TepMHHOJIOrHH: 61 J1oMeCTe[( (KaC),
61 JIoMeCTHb1N (K]JC), 6taonalueu (KIIC), T. e. OCBO60}KjjeHHbII(
OT nojjaTeli. 3TH cJIOBa nepeluJill B pa3pHjj HCTOpH3MOB, B CHCTeMe
COBPeMeHHOFO PYCCKOrO 5I3bIKa OHH He ynOTpe6J15IIOTCH H Mbl MO-
)KeM HX BCTpeTHTb TOJIbKO B CnelUHaJIbHOM ynOTpe6JleHIIH B HCTO-
pHtle'CKHX poMaHax A. TOJICTOI'O, H. KocTbl.leBa, A. I-IanblrHHa.
HTaK, B CJIO}KHOM CJIOBe HMeeTCSI COOTHeCeHHOCTb KoMHOHeH-
TOB, H nOTepsl 3Hat1eHHSI OAHOrO H3 HHX 3atlaCTylo 3aTeMH5IeT If
3HatleHHe ajpyroro. TaK, Hanpi'Mep, CJIOBO 610b141 HaM fIOHSIT'HO.
CJIOBO Ayma B 3HatLeHHH rpyAb CpaBHHTeJIbHO PeJLKO, HO BCTpe-
tlaeTCH B PYCCKOH JIHTepaType XIX CToJIeTH51. Cp. KOJIbLOBCKOe
uPa33yAHCb njietl0, paCnaXHHCb jjyiua>. CJIOB0 Ayala B 3Ha,4eHHHH
rpyAb BcTpetiaeTCSI B cJloaape gaJiz i H BO MHOrHX o6JIBCTHbIX
CJIOBax. Ho, HanpHMep, CJIOBO 6+,aoj;yIuaTb1ll (KJJC), - o Mexe
JIHCHIj, HMeIOHjHX 6ejiyio AyUIIKy, T. e. rpyjjb HJIH rop. o, AJIH Hac
COBepuleHHO He SICHO. ICI HccJle.ILOBaTeJI'b 6e3 CneuxaJlbnoro
I B. J a JI b. ToJIKOBbuu c.Toaapb ?KHBoro BeJINKOpyccaoro 5i2bixa. toc.Tx-
Tx3a.aT 1935, T. I, cTp. 520.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HCTOPH4eCKOrO allaJIH3a He CMO>KeT H BbIJIeJIHTb B 3TOM CJIOBe o6a
KO'M'nOHeHTa 6141 'H_ Jlyma. ToJI'bKO B TOM CJIy4ae, eCJIH MbI 6y-
,aeM nOMHHTb CeMaHTHKy CJIOBa i ylua B 3HaiieHHH rpyJ.(b, JIJIB Hac
CTaHeT nOHBTHbIM CJIOBO JIyH,erpesl (Ka C), KOTOPOe aOJI>KHO pac-
na,aaTbCH Ha JIBa KOMnOHeHTa: Jlywa H rpeTb. To we Ha6Jno)IaeTCn
H B CJIOBe KnoJIeBOJIUbI>: B KOTOpOM nepBb1Ii KOMIIOHeHT >
yHOTpe6JI>TJICH B 3Ha4eHHH H 3Ha-
4HJI0 BoeHagaJIbHHKH, TaK, HanpHMep, B > MbI HaXOJIHM TaKoe onpeaeJieHHe
KHH3A H 40 6paTa K-
Hble CJIOBa o6pa3y1OTC39 H3 KOMnOHeHTOB, 3Ha4eHHe KOTOpbIX MO-
>KeT OCTaBaTbCA CTa6HJIbHbIM Ha npOTn>KeHHH CTOJIeTHI3 H aa>Ke
TbICA4eJIeTHI%I. HO BCTpe4alOTCB H KOMBOHeHTbI, 3Ha'eHHe KOTOPbMX
MO}KeT H3MeH5ITbC5I OT 3noXH K 3noxe. CJIO>KHble CJIOBa C TaKHMH
KOMnOHeTaMH nOJLBepralOTCSI CBOeo6pa3HOK 21eq)opMauHH. Calla
CHCTeMa CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHH nOCTpoeHa TaK, 4T0 B B3bIKe He rIOBB-
JIHeTcB a6coJTIOTHO HOBbIX CJIOB. Tax, rosopn 0 cJlosoo6pa3osa-
HHH, H. M. LLIaHCKH13 nOJI4epKHBaeT, 4TO >2. Ho MbI He MO>KeM He OTMeTHTb
TeX KaTIeCTBeHHbIX H3MeHeHH13, KOTOPble B03HHKaIOT npH o6pa3o-
BaHHH CJIO>KHbIX CJIOB H KOTOpbie 3aKJub4aIOTCB npe>Kae Bcero
B TOM, 4TO B03HHKiuee HOBOe CJIOBO BcerJIa 06JiaJIaeT 3Ha4eHHeM,
OTJIH4aIOIIIHMCB OT Toro 3Ha4eHHB, KOTOpoe HMeJIOCb B KoMnoHeH-
Tax CJIOBoco'eTaHHH. Oco6eHHo nOKa3aTeJIbHbI B 3TOM OTHOL.IeHHH
(j 3KTbI TOHOHHMHKH H OHOMaCTHKH. HanpHMep, y}Ke E. JIHKKeH-
MaH, BCJIeJI, 3a CBOHMH npeJIIIIeCTBeHHHKaMH, OTMeTHJI, 4TO HOB'b-
ropoJl He TOJIbKO (HOBbIII ropon>>, HO H C03JIaHHOe, nyTeM H30JIB-
uHH JIaHHOFO 3JIeMeHTa B npeJLAO>KeHHH HOBOe CJIOBO, KoTOpoe BOC-
npHHHMaeTCn xaK eJIHHOe nOHBTHe 3. Ha3BaHHe CTapHHHOro ro-
poJla H COOTHeCeHHOCTb ero KOMIIOHeHTOB-CO CJIOBoco'eTaHHeM HO-
BbIN ropOJl B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM B3bIKe y}Ke yTpa'eHO, Ta-
KHM we o6pa3OM HOBasI BOJISI (Ha3BaHHe JlepeBHH FpOJIHeHCKOH
ry6epHHH) aajio npOH3BOJIHoe cJIoBO-npHJIaraTeJlbxoe HOBOBOJIb-
CKHN, KOTOpoe 3JIeCb HMeeT 3Ha'eHHe TOBOHHMH4eCKOrO o6'beKTa,
a He Ka'eCTBeHHOH XapaKTepHCTHKH, fOHBTHH KHOBOI3 BOJIH>>.
Ho XapaKTepy BTOpOr0 KOMIIOHeHTa CJIO}KHble CJIOSa MOryT
6bITb HMeHaMH cyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIMH, npHJlaraTeJIbHbIMH, McCTOH-
McHHBMH, 4HCJIHTeJIbHbIMH, riiaroJIaMH H HeH3MeHBeMbIMH 4aCTB-
I BpeMeHHHK HMnepaTOpCKoro MOCKOBCKoro o6-Ba HCTOpHH H upeBHOCTeii
poccHACKHx. KHHra 4eTbipHaauaTaa, M., 1852, cTp. 3 aCJI0B0>. ?
2 H. M. III a H C K H A. OCHOBbi CJIOBoo6pa3OBaTeJIbHOro aHajBI3a. Y4-
nenuH3, M., 1953 r. Ero >xe. 04epKH no pyccxo,My cJioBoo6pa3osaHHIO H
JIe'KCHKOJI0rHH. Y4neun13, 1957.
3 E. D i c k e n m a n n. Untersuchungen fiber die Nominalkomposition
im Russischen Teil 1, Leipzig, 1934.
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 I I I!
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
1
MH petIx (HapegIHSIMH). Te }Ke gaCTH peqH MoryT 6bITb H B nepBOH
,qaCTH Ka}KAOro H3 yKa39HHOrO THna CJIO}KHbIX CJIOB.
K. A. JIeBKOBCKa5I npaBHJIbHO nOAiepKHBaeT OpraHH3yIoIIZyIO
pOJIb rpaMMaTHKH B CJIOBOO6pa30BaHHH. (BOCKpeceHoKa1I JIeTonH.cb, crop. 284).
Mb1 nolIaraeM, iiTO pa3Hble rpaMMaTH'IecKHe KaTeropiH, BbI-
pa)KeHHble CJIO)KHbIMH CJIOBaMH, HMeJIH pa3HyI0 npOAyKTHBHOCTb
B pa3JIH'IHbIX CTHJISIX H3bIKa. CJIOBa, CB5I3aHHble C KaTeropHefl Ka-
I K. A. JI -e B K 0 B C K ar a. Cn,oBoo6paaoBaHHe. Han. MI'y, 1954 r.,.
cTp. 10.
2 H. H H- K o n b c K H A. CagHHeHHB ConOBeuKono HHOKa I'epacaMa c6Hpco-
Ba nO HeH3.gaHHbIM TeKCTaM. 11. 1916 r., cTp. '129.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
qecTBeHHOfi oue'HKH, HMeHa npHJlaraTeJlbHble H Hape4H5i IH'Hpe
Bcero ynoTpe6JIAKITCA B BbICOKHX CTHJIAX. TaK, HanpHMep, B CO-
LIHHeHHAX Tepac'HMa OHpcoBa, APKO xapaKTepH3yloluxx BbICOKHe
CTHJIH C BepHOpyCCKOH JIHTepaTypbl XVII BeKa C HX CTpeMJIeHHeM
K HCKYCCTBeHHOMy nJleTeeHH!O H H3BHTHIO CJIOBeC, MbI HaXOAIuM
60Jlbinoe K0JI'HgeCTB0 BbICOKOnapHblX HCKYCCTBeHHbIX CJIO}KeHHH,
oC06eHHO B 06JIaCTH npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX H HapeiqHii. TaK KaK CTHJIb
nponoseAefI Tpe6osaJl oco6oro 3MOUHOHaJIbHoro B03AefICTBHA Ha
CJIywaTeJlefi, 3MOUHOHaJIbHbie 3nHTeTbI, CJIOBa KaqeCTBeHHOH OUeH-
KH ynoTpe6JISIJIHCb TaM OCO6eHHO giaCTo. TaK, HanpHMep, (cTp. 6). I4JIH: (CTp. 9). I4JIH: (cTp. 12), !HJIIH (cTp. 15). MbI
BHAHM, LITO CJIO)KHbIMH nplJlaraTejlbHbIM'H neCTPHT CTHJIb 3T000
COgHHeHHA Y FepacHMa cIHpCOBa: ...6orOHCHMXb OTeu (CTp. 196) ;
JIIo6oc.naBHMIXb... y1IHTeJlb ('c'Tp. 195) ; MHoroCB'hTJ1oe COJIHge
(cTp. 3) ; U1 JIb6OHOCHa1I paKa Monjecl (cTp. 3) ; 6orOTBOpHoe COK-
pOBHUje (cTp. 4); HCTO'1HHK nPHCHOTeKYIUHH (cTp. 4); BCeCHA
TQJIbHOe ce.neHHe (cTp. 16) ; 6oroCHAHHO CB1 THJIO (cTp. 16) ; KHRa-
pHC'b MHpoyXaHeH1 (CTp. 16); BbICOKOnapHBOTO op.na (cTp. 184);
McAOTOgHbIN HCTOLIHHK (CTp. 69). B 9TOM COLIHHeHHH MbI HaXOAHM
OxIeHb MHOrO CJIO}KHbIX HapeTIHi3: HeJHo6onepH'b - KHAOBCTBylOI1[HX,
HOCH(pJIAH H HeCT DKaTeJIeIH, B epeTH'1eCKOr3 H CTapoo6p5I)L eCKo4
JIHTepaType BbIKOBbIBaJIHCb HPKHe CTHJIHCTHLIe'CKHe cpeA'CTBa ny6-
JIHUHCTHLIeCKOPO BbIpa>KeHHH. HAeliHble npOTHBHHKH, >KeJiafi yI3-
BHTb apyr Apyra, HCnOJIb3OBaJIH TpaAHUHOHHble cpeACTBa 513bIKa,
HO HepeAKO npH6eraJIH H K CJIOBOTBOptieCTB'y, HOCHLUeMy HPKO
3MOUHOHaJIbHbIIi xapaKTep. 3TO CKa3aJIOCb B OT6ope npHJlaraTeJlb-
HbIX-3nHTeTOB. B nOJIeM'H4eCKOIi 60pb6e npOTHBHHKH He LUaAH-
JIH apyr Apyra: . 0 TOM, 'ITO o6BHHe-
HHe B Jno60npl3HHH 6wio OA.HHM H3 CaMb1X CePbe3HbIX o6BHHeHH}{,
a camo JIIo6onpeHHe KBaJIH(pHuHpoBaJIOCb LIyTb JIH He KaK BOJIb-
1 H: Y. B Y A 0 B H H U. PyccKasl ny6JIHUHCTHKa XVI Bexa. M - JI.,
1947 r., i'3A. AH CCCP, cTp. 1.
2 d>. 3 H r e JI b C. KpeCTb$1HCKaB BONHa B FepMaHHH. K. MapKC, (D. 3H-
renbc. Coq., T. VIII, cTp. 128.
3 HOCH(p BOJIOUKHN KReH BbICTynaTb. HHOK-KH513b BaCCHaH-fIaTpH-
KeeB yKa3blBae'T, 4T0 B POCCHIACKOM Ua,p'CTBe HeO6XOUHMO n'peKpa-
THTb I.
CpaBHHTeJIbHO MaJiO CJIOB, OTHOC$1UJHXC51 K pa3p51Ay CyIUeCT-
BIITeJIbHbIX, MbI BCTpe'aeM B 3'TOH ny6JIHuHCrH4eCKO JlHrepaTy-
pe. 3TO B OCHOBHOM CJIOBa 3MOUHOHaJIbHOH oueHKH. HanpHMep,
Ayulery6eu 2, p51AOM C KOTOpbIM MbI HaXOAHM MSITe)KeJHo6eu 3. Ha-
PRAY C TpaAHUHOHHbIM CJIOBOM CBATOTaTe'U MbI HaxoaHM HOBO06-
pa30BaHHe AyXOnpOAaBUbi (HeT B c.nOBape Cpe3HeBCKoro) ; CBA-
TOKynubl (T. e. CTaBRHjHe nOHOB HO M3Ae). HeT B CJIOBape Cpe3-
HeBCKOrO'HTaK'HX'Bb1pa>KeHHN, KaK CWHpOKOB'hIUaTeJIbHOe H MHO-
rouyMiiuee TBOe noCJIaIHHe npH'RXb...>>, KOTOp-0e BCTpe4aeTCR B
IIHCbMe Kyp6CKoro Fp03H:OMy 4, KpOBOIIHBCTBeHHbIN p0A 5.
CyLueCTBHTeJIbHble 'B Hy6JIHUHCTIHKe peJlHrHO3HOfI 3Ha4HTeJIbHO
McHbnle, 4eM npH.naraTeJIb,HbIX H HapeMHfi. 3Ha4HTe.IbHO McHbUe
HX,H B COgn'HeH'HHX I'epacUMa (DHpCOBa. C.1IO>KHble CylueCTBHTeJIb-
Hble CB' TJIOJIHTie (CTp. 3, 7, 9, 937), nJIOTOHOCUa 6bIBWa XpHCTa
(cTlp. 183), MyAp0J1Io6ubl (crp. 192), nepBOnp,eCTOJIbHHKOB
(crp. 194), XPHCTOpa3pyWHHKOM (cTp. 191), XpHCTOpOAHUa
(CTp. 195), 3JIaTOyCT'b (CTp. 13), 6oronpOnoBfAHHKH H caMOBHA-
ubI (cTp. 23), 6.narouaTb (CT-P. 231), 6JIarogbclie (-cTp. 2:3.), 6Jlaro-
AeT'13JIb (crp. 231), 4,eJIOB~eKO.nlo6ie (CTp. 23).
Ho 6b1JIo 6bI CJIHIJKOM nOCneWHO, Ha OCHOBe npHBeAe'HHbIX
npuMepoB, 4HCJIO KOTOpbIX MO>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI 3Ha4HTeJIbHO yBeJlH-
4HTb, CgHTaTb CJIOBOCJIO>KeHHe npHHajiJIe>KHOCTbIO TOJIbKO BbICO-
KOrO CTHJIH, XOTR HecoMHeuhIO, 4T0 B 3THX CTHJIHX KyJIbTHBHpOBa-
JIHCb onpeaeJleHHble THnbI CJIO>KHbIX CJIOB, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM, C
KaTeropHec KageCTBeHHO-3MOuHOHaJIbHOf-I OueHK'H (npHJIaraTeJIb-
Hble H Hape4Hs!). HepejjKO CJIO>KHble CJIOBa ynoTpe6JIRJIHCb H B
caTHpH4eCKOf4 JIHTepaType. TaK, HanpHMep, CTHJIHCTH4eCKaH poJlb
CJIO>KHbIX CJIOB 0006eHHO RpKO Bbipa>KeHa B > 6.
r1epell. HaMH CKa30xIHoe rpOTeCKHoe H3o6pa>KeHHe CTpaHbl
H306HJiHR Aim HMYLUHX, AJIR ABOpRH, HeAOCTynHOfi HpOCTOMy Ha-
pouy, C KOTOporO'6e'pyT orpOMHble nojjaTH H noffiJIHHbI:
I I-IpaBocJ1aBIIbIN co6eceAHHK, 1863 r., Ka3aHb, CTp. 18'2.
2 KHHra CTeneHHaa IjapCKOTO pOAOCOCJIOBHH. fICPJ1, T. XXI, 4aCTb 2,
CfIB, 1913 r.
3 B. )K M a KH H. MHTpaITOAHT aaHH,HJI H ero co4HHeHHH, M., 1881 r.,
cTp. 658.
4 PITS, T. I, crp. 113-114. 11. 1914.
5 Tam >Ke, 134.
B B. fI. AztpHaHoBa-I1epeTU, PyccKaH 1 eMOKpaTHRecKaH JIHTepaTypa
X V I I B. M. -.TI., 1'954 r.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
1.
B x(HBbIX pa3rOBOPHbIX CTHJIAX, B AeJIOBOM $13bIKe 3HOXH MbI
HaXOAHM HHble B3aHMOOTHOHIeHHSI B yrOTpe6JIeHHH 4aCTeii pe4H.
3,aecb HaH60JIee npouyKTHBHO H pacnpocPpaneHO HMA cyulecT-
BHTeJIbHOe. 3AeCb MHOrO CJIOB, CBH3aHHbIX C KaTeropHeH 9MOgHO-
HaJIbHOIi oL eHKH: 3JIOA'1'ili (K)JC), JIHIUeA1Ii (K,C), Ko]KeAep
(UC), (OXOTHHK naPHTbCH B 6aHe), 6JIK)AOJIH3 (KJ1C), 6eAoxyp
(KJ1C), 6.iyAoAIN (K.LC), BepTonpax (KAC) H ero 9KBHBaJIeIIT
BepTHnpax (KJ1C). 3AeCb AOBOJIbHO IIIHPOKO paCnpOCTpaHSIeTCA'
CJIOBO Aywery6 (KJ1C), Aywery6cTBO (KJIC), Aywery6Hble Aeaa
(KJ1C). 2. B 6bITOBOIi c4 epe H AeJIOBOIi
IIHCbMeHHOCTH wHPOKO pacnpOCTpaHeHbl CJIO)KHble c.IO$a npo(Jec
CHOHaJIbHO-TepMHHOJIorH4eCKoro xapaxTepa, HanpHMep, npH
o603HaxieHHH npoq)eccHH: 6parosap Ka C), BHHOKYP MAC),.
Kawesap (KJ1C), KBacoBap (Ka C), McAosap (KJIC), co.3OBap
(K,LC), nHBOBap (K,C), J10}KKOMOfi (MC), CYAOMOfi (KJ1'C),
pbi6onoB (K,I(C), pyAOMeT (KaC), wepcT06HT (KJZC), Ay60-
TOJIK (KAC), (HaRMHT Y KO)KeBHHKOB) nOpTF'MOSI (I(ILC), 6e,ao-
MOSI (K)JC), BOJIOCOMOA (KJ1C). PAAOM C Ha3BaH'HSIMH JIHU cioAa
)Ke BXOAAT H Ha3BaHHSI Belljefl H fOHSITHfI: AywerpeFi (KRC) (BH-
HO rop3T4ee), }KHJIO6oft (K,LIC) (ny.nbC), COJIOHOBOpOT
BOPOHorpali (KaC).
B IIHCUOBbIX KHHraX XV-XVI CTOJIeTHSI, B 4aCTHOCTH B ITHC-
gOBbIX KHHrax ropoAa Ka3aHH 3, MbI HaXOAHM 6owTbL.Ioe KOJIH4e-
CTBO CJIO}KHbIX CJIOB KaK AJIA o603HageHHH 1 eHCTByIOIIiHX JIHIm,.
TaK H AJISI Ha3BaHH5i npeaMeTOB. TaK, HanpHMep, npH o603Ha4e-
HHH npo(peCCHIi HapSIgy c XJIe6HHKaMH, KpyneHHKaMH, nOPTHbIMK
MaCTepaMH, xap'eBHHKaMH, MACHHKaMH, Kopa6eiHHKaMH, KaJlaw-
HHKaMH, 6pOHHHKaMH, pyKaBHuHHKaMH, wy6HHKaMH, Ha3BBHHSI
KOTOpbIX o603HagaJlHcb npOH3BOAHbIMH CJIOBaMH, MbI HaXOAHM H
6oJlbmmoe KOJIH'IeCTBO KOMII03HTOB. HanpHMep, 5. AHaJio-
rHLIHbie yTBep)KAeHHH Mbi BCTpegaeM H B KaHAHAaTCKOH AHccepTa-
I LIreHHR B NMnepaTOpCKOM o6nleCTBe HCTOPHH H ApeBHOCTeFI POCCHHCKHX
n PH MOCKOBCKOM yHB epCHTeTe. Al., 1833, POCnHCb KOMY RMRHeM H 3a K3KyIO
BHHy KaKOe HaKa3aHHe 6biJlO C npHe3Ay B To60Jn?CK BoeBOA KHR39 IIerpa HBa-
HOBH4a KpaMCKOrO Aa (De Iopa HBaHOBH4a JIOB'HKOBa Aa ab.KOB HBaHa Tpo-
4 BMOBa Aa AHApeB raJ[KHHa, cTp. 29.
2 MaTepHa.lbi no HCTOPHH TarapexoH ACCP. IIHCI40Bble KHHTH r. Ka3aaH,
1565-68 H 1646 r. H3A. AH CCCP, JI., 1932 r.
3 E.' D i c k e n m a n n. Untersuchungen fiber die Nominalkomposition
im Russisch. Leipzig, 1934.
4 V. J a g i c. Die slavischen Nominalkomposita in ihren sprachgeshichlichen
Auftreten. Archiv vfir slavischen Philog. XX, XXI. Berlin, 1898, 1899, cTp. 88.
6 3. U. a O H O B a. CJ103KHble npHJlaraTeJlbHble ~B COBPeMeHHOM PYCCKOM
AHTepaTypHOM $i3bIKe. M., 1950 r. AwropecpepaT.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
II.HH B. ,Z[. P0MaH0BCK0H, KOTOpaci rIHIHeT, 4T0 1.
C 3THMH yTBep}KaeH'H:HMH HHKaK HeJlb3A corJIaCHTbCH. ffoJlO-
HCeHHA B. a. POMaHOBCKOH H 3. fL aOH0'B0f1 He Ka}KyTCH HaM
y6eAHTeJIbHbIM'H B CBeTe aHaJIH3a yrloTpe6JIeHHH CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHA
B pa3HbIX CTHJIHX 313bIKa (CM. cTp. 29-34).
KpynHble A3bIK0Beab1 Hameii CTpa'HbI AaBHO yKa3b1BaJIH H Ha
Apyrne nyTH BO3'HHKHOBeHHH CJIOBOCJIO}KeHHH. TaK e1Ue (D. M. ByC-
JIaes B cBoeli HCT0pH4eCK0c rpaMMaTHKe n0'AgepKHBan, 410 , -
B K0T0p0I3 aBTOP HCCJIeAOBaJI CJIO}KHble CJIOBa B (1). ff. fIOJIHKapnOBa, yaeJIASI OCHOBHOe BHHMaHHe BOnpO-
caM KaJlbKHpOBaHH51 H COOTHOIIIeHHSI PYCCKHX CJIO)KHbIX CJIOB C
rpegeCKHMH. B. H. IZOHOMapeB yBHaeJI B , KOTOpblli CBOHM 06HJIHeM rpeKO-JIaTHHCKHX napaJuieJleLt MOP
6b1, Ka3aJI0Cb, 3aCJIOHHTb 4yBCTB0 npaBHJibHOI'o nyTH y HccJieao-
BaTeJIH, ~HaILH0HaJIbHb1e' KOPHH CJIOBOCJIO}KeH'H51 B pyCCKOM H3bIKe
H oTMe4aJI, 4T0 Hap}IAy CO CJIO}KHbIM'H CJ1oBaMH-Ka.IbKaI 1, B ApeB-
HePyCCKOM 513bIKe > 4.
MbI C4HTaeM, 4T0 XOT51 rpe4eCKoe, CTapoCJIaBAHCKOe H HeMeU-
Koe CJIOBOCJIO}KeH'He CTHMyJI'HpoBaJlo pa3'BHTHe CJIO)KHbIX CJ1OB B
PYCCKOM A3bIKe, HO HCTOPHH HX o6pa3OBaH'HH JIe>KHT B rJIy6HHaX
pyCCKOPO H3blKa, H60 TaKHe KOMnO3HTbI, KaK 6opu eeA (KJ1C),
IIOPTOMOA MU C), caMoca,I( (KLJ,C), COJIHOBOPOT (K1I,C), COJIHue
IIeK (KLC), ABy}KHJIbHbIN (KJIC), BO3HHKJIH HO 3aKOHaM BHyT-
pe'HHero pa3BHTHH PYCCK0r0 A3bIKa H 0Tpa3HJIH ero Cnel(H'q)HKy.
Ha HPaBHJIbHOM TIyTH B Pe11IeHHH 3T0P0 BonpOCa, 110 HaUIIeMy
MHeHHIO, CTOHT T. B. Ca6aHCKaH, HCCJIeayKUUaH > 1. T. B. Ca6aHcKag, cJIeayH 3a (D. H. BycJlaeBbIM H B. Boro-
POAHILKHM, npHXOILHT K npaBHJIbHOMY BbrBOAy: (cTp. 217) 2.
Haj6oJlee AeTaJIbHbIH aHaJIM3 aaHHoro SIBJIeHHH npOH3BeAeH
B KHHre K. BpyrMaxa 3.
110JIbCKHI3 HCCJIeAOBaTeJIb M. JIOCb 4 TaK}Ke c4MTaeT, IXIITO
6JIH}Ka13IIIeFI npH4HH013, BbI3BaBIIIeII n0MBJieHHe CJIO}KHbIX CJIOB,
6bIJIH colqeTaHHSI, T. e. CHHraKCH4iecKHe napbi CJIOB, o6o3Ha'IaIo-
Iuxe OaHO rIOHS[TMe>> (cTp. 124).
C Halnef T04KH 3peHH:1 r.Iy6oKO npaBa T. B. K03MMHCKaH,
yTBep}KJia 1, > (cTp. 213).
> 5.
Bce HCCJIeJ(OBaTeJIH OTMe4alOT TpyAHOCTb pa3rpaHH4eHHH
-CJIO}KHb[X CJIOB, B03HHKUIHX H3 CJIOBocogeTaHHI3, H CJIO}KHbIX CJIOB,
B03HHKILIMX n0 MoJ eJIHM, CyLueCTBYK)LUHM B B3bIKe. MbI nojlaraeM,
1ITO pa3peiueHHe 3TorO Bonpoca MO}KeT 6bITb aaHO TOJIbKO B HCTO-
pHtieCKOM HccJIeJ[OBHaHH. HeJIb3H He COrJIaCHTbCSI C np04)e000pOM
K. A. THMO(peeBbIM, yTBep}KAa1OULHM, 4TO 0 CJIOBO06pa3OBaHHH,
KaK 0 npouecce C03J[aHMH HOBbIX CJIOB, M0}KHO rOBOpHTb JIHM C
,AHaXPOHHOf4 T04KH 3peHH5I, CHHXpOHHaSI we AaeT OCHOBaHHe Aim
BbUAeJIeHHH CTPYKTYPHbIX (pOPM CJIOBa, KOTOpble SI'BJIHIOTCSl npeA-
'MeTOM M3y4eHHH Mop'(f)OJIOI'HH> .
I CM. Bbiwe.
2 T. B. K03MHHCKaB.
HUM, KHeB, 1955 r.
CJIO)KHbie CJIOBa B COBpeMeHHOM 4ewCKOM
3 K. B r u g m a n. Grudriss der vergleichende grammatik der indogerma-
nisenen apracne. n. 11, T. Z, atraSSOUrg, m o.
4 H. 11 o c b. CJIO)KHble CJ[OBa B nOJIbCKOM
5 T. B. K 0 3 M H H C K a H. CI0H{Hb1e CJ[OBa
Ke. KHeB, 1955 r., cTp. 218.
B3bIKe. Cu B, 1'901 r.
B COBpeMeHHOM 4eJUCKOM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B naMHTHHKax XV-XVII cTOJIeTHH collep)KaTc$l HHTepecRab,
AaHHble, npOJIHBalOUjHe CBeT Ha npogecC BO3HHKHOBeHHH CJIO)KHbIX
CJIOB H CJIOBocoveTaHHi7. TaK HanpaMep, CJIOBO o6I Ue)KHTHe B03-
HHKJIO B MOHaCTbIpCKOM 06HxoAe, o tIeM cBHAeTeJIbCTByeT )KHTHe
HoCH()a BOJIOIjKOrO1, B KOTOpOM MbI HaXOAHM napajlJIeJIbHbfe
ynOTpe6JIeHHH CJIOBocogeTaHHA H CJIO)KHOrO CJiona: KJbo6xu)e )i(H-
TH o6uje> (CTp. 20); (HUIH > (cTp. 19).
MHTepeCHO H napaJhneJlbHoe ynOTpe6JIeHHe KOMIIO3HTa MHO-
roTpyAeH C CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHeM Tpy,gb MHOrb B XJI'b6OTBOpHHgbl
(cTp. 16) H KMHOrOTpy)(Ha 6o CHH pa60Ta eCTbb (cTp. 16).
OCO6eHH0 HHTepeCHbI (1)aKTbI TOHOHHMHKH. COBpeMeHHoe Ha3-
Baxlie ropoAa BOJIOKOJIaMCK B AaHHOM naMHTHHKe ynorpe6JIHeTCSI
B TpeX BapliaHTax.
1) KBOJIOK'b y6o JIaMCKOI3 B AOCTOSIHHe 6bICTb KHB310 ceAO-
py no OTUH ero> (cTp.,39). B BTOM npHMepe cynjeCTBHTeJIbHOe
BOJIOK H npHJIaraTeJlbnoe JIaMCK0l7 pa3AeJIeHO CJIOBOM y6o.
2) KBOJIOK 6o JIaMCKOH TOMY OTe4eCTBO 6aluea> (CTp. 15).
3AeCb cylLjeCTBHTeJIbHoe BOJIOK H npHJlaraTejlbHoe JIaMCKOH pa3-
AeJIeHO CJIOBOM 60.
3) Ha3BaHHe ropoAa BOJIOKOJIaMCKa nnuleTCH xiepe3 ae(pHc:
KMOHaCTbipb 6JIH3 BOJIOKa-JIaMCKOrO> (cTp. 13) HJIH rpaAa Bo-
JIOKa-J1aMCKOrON (Tam }Ke).
KaK OTMegaeT H. B. rlOaOJIbcKa5I B CBOeI{ KaHJjHJjaTCKOH AHC-
cepTaUHH, nOCBaLIjeHHO13 TOnOHHMHKe HoBropOACKOI3 3eMJIH, r0-
poA BOJIOK 6bIJI pacnoJro)KeH Ha peKe JIaMe, npHTOKe IIIOIIIH H
BOJIOCTb HosropoAcxaH HbIHe BOJIOKOJIaMCK. FOpOA BO3HHK KaK
HOBropOACKoe noce.leHHe ) 3.
IlJIH: 4YIHHHCSI y6HHCTBO cMepTHoe>> 4. MbI Ha6JIloAaeM 3AeCb Ba-
pHaHTHoe cJIOBOpacnoJ!o)KeHHe. IlepBblf BapHaHT: onpeaeJleHHe
CTOHT nepea onpeAeJISIeMbIM (cMepTHoe y6HHCTBO ) H BTOpOH Ba-
pHaHT: onpeueJleHHe CTOHT IOCTOIIO3HTHBHO (y6HHcTB0 cMepT-
Hoe). IIO-BHAHMOMY, CHagaJIa npOH30IIIJIO TBepaoe 3aKpenneHHe
nOpHI.AKa CJIOB, a 3aTeM HaMeTHJIHCb nyTH HHTerpauHH ABYX npO-
CTbIX CJIOB B CJIO)KHoe, KOTopoe B03HHKJIO 3Ha4HTeJIbHO n03)Ke.
B03HHKHOBeHHe CJIO)KHoro CJIOBa He SIBJIHeTCH OAHHM aKTOM
pelnalouiero yAapa. CJIOBOCJIO)KeHHe. npoxcXO LHT He MI'HOBeHHO,
a B npouecce H B pe3yJlbTaTe AJIHTeJlbnoro yrroTpe6JIeHHH. TO
I YJ1o eHHe, cTp. 43... 45.
2 Yno)KeHHe, CTp ? 165, 166.
3 Yno)KeHHe, CTP. 94-95
4 Talc We, CTP. 301.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
noA4epxxyJt elue H: H. Cpe3HeBCKHrf:. MHorHe Bbipax{eHHA, 4eM
AOJiee H 6OJiee yHOTpe6.HuoTCfi, TeM Jier4e CTHrHBalOTCH B OAHO
Kaxoe-HH6yAb Hepa3AeJieHHoe CJIOBO)O 1. Ilp1tieM cJleAyeT oTMe-
THTb, 4TO IIpOHCXOAHT H30JIHUHA CJIOBocO4eTaHHA, 3a KOTOpbIM
3aKpenJi5ieTC51 H onpeAeJleHHbII3 nOpHAOK CJIOB. TaK, HanpHMep,
CJ1osocomeTaHHe c onpeAeJleHHeM B npeHO3HUHH ynoTpe6JIHeTCA
B YJIOxKeHHH BOCeMb pa3 (CMepTHoe y6HI3CTBO), a B nOCTIIO3HUHH
TOJIbKO OAHH pa3.
2. HJI1i:
> 8. H PHAOM C 3THM KOMIIO3HTOM HaXOAHM
CJIOBOCOqeTaHHe 6HTb 4eJioM, 6HB 4eJIOM, y4HjT 6HTH 4ejioM 7, y4-
HeT 6HTH 4e.ioM 8. HanpHMep,, KeT, MOrYT 6bITb JIHIIIb CneAbl OTpa>KeHHB 6bInbIX CHHTaKCH4e-
CKHX CBH3ei).
14, HaKOHeu, TpeTUU Tun. CJIO>KHoe CJIOBO HMeeTCH, HMeeTCH
H CJIOB0004eTaHHe, H3 KOTOpOrO BO3HHK KOMHO3HT, HO pa3pblB ce-
MaHTH4eCKHX CB513ei npOH30nIen, CJIO>KHOe CJIOBO HaCTOJIbKO H30-
JIHpoBanOCb, nOny4HBIIIH HOBOe CeMaHTH4eCKOe HaBOJIHeHHe, TO
erO HeJIb3H npOCTO BbIBOAHTb H3 CTaporo CJIOBO004eTaHHH, H3 KO-
TOpOI'O OHO B03HHKJIO. TaK B YJIO>KeHHH MbI BCTpe4aeM H3 HOBa-
ropoAa 1. Ho COBepIUeHHO HCHO, 4T0 3T0 CJIO>KHOe CJIOBO, B03HHK-
mee H3 KpaTKOrO npHnaraTenbxoro HJHOC cyu ecTBHTenbHoe B 6o-
nee ApeBHHe 3IIOXH He BbIBOAHMO H3 c04eTaHHH HOBb HJIH HOBbIi%
I YJloxcexae, cTp. 13.
2 Tam xce, CTP. 230.
3 Tam we, cTp. 224.
4 Tam ice, cTp. 113.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
ropoA, a o603HagaeT Ha3BaHHe cTaporo ropO.Iia, TaK we, KaK H
TonoHHMHgecxoe Ha3BaHHe 4epHoJlecbe, H3oJIHposaBmH:dcb, nOJiy-
4HJIO HOBOe 3HameHHe, y}Ke He COBCeM COOTHOCHMOe c c.nouocoge-
TaHHeM vepHbl}i iiec 2.
C HameH TO4KH 3peHHSI Me}KAy CJIOB0004eTaHHeM H CJIO)KHbIM
CJIOBOM, H3 Hero B03HHKHIHM, CyIIieCTByeT AJIHTeJIbHa5I H opraHH-
4eCKaSI CBSI3b, KOTOpasl Ha onpeaeJIeHHOM Wane HCTOPH'IeCKOrO
pa3BHTHH o6pblBaeTCH. CJIO>KHoe CJIOBO AawieKO OTXOAHT OT CJIOBO-
Co4eTaHH5I, HO 3AeCb MbI MO}KeM Ha5JHoAaTb uenbIH pslu nepexoA-
HbIX cny4aeB, 0 KOTOpbIx rOBOPHJJ B csoe BpeMH A. B. 11iep6a.
r103TOMy, C HalueI3 TOMKH 3peHH5I, He COBCeM npaBbI Hcc IeAoBa-
TeJIH, yTBep}KAaIOIIiHe, 4TO KHbIM CJIOBOM COBpeMeHHOrO pYCCKOFO 5I3bIKa, nOKa AaBHIee
eMy }KH3Hb H COOTHOCHTeJIbHOe C HHM CJIOBocogeTaHHe, HanpHMep,
npO'BOAHTb BOAy, npOBOAHTb ra3, coxpaHHeTCSI B Ka'eCTBe )KHBOrO
H o6ll eynOTpe6HTeJIbHoro B TOI3 HJIH HHOI3 ccpepe>>.
HaIHH Ha6HIOZ[eHHH noKa3bIBaloT, 4TO B OTHOIIIeHHH CBH3H
H CJIOBOCO4eTaHH51 HaMe4alOTC5I TPH THna:
1) CJIOBoco4eTaHHe HMeeTCSI, HO OHO euie He H3oJIHposaJIOCb
H3 npeAJIO}KeHHH, He HHTerpHpOBaJIOCb B CJIO}KHOe CJIOBO, XOTSI B
AaJIbHeiUJeM npouecce 'HCTOpH4eCKoro pa3BHTHH Mbi Ha6JnoaaeM
Ha McCTe Aannoro CJIOBOCO4eTaHH51 B03HHKInee H3 Hero CJIO)KHoe
CJIOBO.
2) CJIOBOCO4eTaHHe H CJio}KHoe CJIOBO CyweCTBYIOT napaJi-
neJIbHO.
3) Cno}KHoe CJIOBO COXpaHSie'TCSI, Ho reneTH4ecxxe CBB3H ero
C Cnosoco'eTaHHeM HC4e3aIOT, XOTH CJlonoco4eTaHHe HaJIH4ecT-
ByeT B H3bIKe, HO BHOCneACTBHH MO}KeT BbIHTH H3 ynOTpe6JIeHHH,
3aMeH'HBWHCb CJIO)KHbI'M CJIOBOM. rlpuMepbl CM. BbIIIIe.
Heo6xoAHMo paCCMaTPHBaTb 3TH TpH THna B CJIO)KHOM B3aH-
MOAeHCTBHH H B3aHMonpOHHKHOBeHHH. 3Aecb o4eHb MHOTO TOH-
KHX, Ha nePBbIl3 B3rJISIA He3aMeTHbIX HioaHCOB H nepeXOAHbIX CJIy-
4aeB, H peWIaTb BOnpOC TaK npHIMOJIHHeIIHO, KaK J(enaloT 3TO
HeKOTOpble 5I3bIKOBeJIbI TpyJZHO, TaK KaK o4eHb 4aCTO CJIO}KHOe
CJIOBO coxpaHHBHIeecsi BHe CJIOBoc04eTaHH5I, B HaIIIeM C03HaHHH
em e O4eHb nerKO MO}KeT, 6bITb BO3BeJ1,eHO K HeMy.
HeJIb351 B AaHHOM cny4ae He cornaCHTBCH c JI. B. IIZep6oH,
yTBep}KJjaBnIHM: KHble cnosa B nOAbCKOM B3blKe, 11., 1903 r., CTp.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Jlee BCero npHBJIeKaTb BHHMaHHe JIHHrBHCTa, TSK KaK 3,aeCb HMeH-
HO not rOTOBJIHIOTCSI Te I)aKTbI, KOTOpble 4 HrypHpyIOT HOTOM B
HCTOpH4eCKHX rpaMMaTHKax, HHage rOBOpA, TaK KaK 3AQCb MbI
npHCyTCTByeM IIpH 9BOJIIOIjHH $I3bIKa 1.
I JI. B. LIj e p 6 a. HexoTopbie BbIBOAbI H3 MOHX JIY)4CMUKHx Ha6ntoae-
HHIf, Te3F{Cbi 4, 5 H 7 (UHTHpyIo HO KHHre B. B. BHHorpaAOBa KPyCCKHf H3bIK),
1947, cTp. 35).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
3HA4EHHE H YLIOTPEBJIEHHE MECTOHMEHH$1
1.
HanpHMep:
1) HaTaJlbsl cnpoCHJIa ero, ROJIrO JIH OH HaMepeH ocTaTbcsl
B aepeBHe.
- Bce JIeTO, o c e H b, a MOx{eT 6bITb H 3 H M Y. (Typ-
reHeB).
2) ...C 3TOH BepOH 5i HPO KHJI BCIO KH3Hb, fOCHJIbHO c.nyxca
gejiOBeKy (FOpbKHH).
B ,npHBe,aeHHbIX npnMepax Ha BpeMeHHOe 3HageHHe yKa3bl-
BaeT CaM BHHHTeJlbHbIH naj[ex{ CyluecTBHTeJIbHOIO, a McCTOHMeHHe
BeCb JIHnlb yTO4'HSIeT, KOHKpeTH3HpyeT BpeMeHHbIH OTpe3OK, Bbl-
fOJISI5I POJIb KeCTBeHHOM. B eaHHCTBeHHOM gHCJie McCTOHMeHHe
BCCb B npen03-HTHBHOM HoJio)KeHHH 06bIgHO ynoTpe6-
JISIeTC51 C HeoAyHIeBJIeHHbIMH cyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIMH. Kpyr 3THX Cy-
1IjeCTBHTeJIbHbIX BeCbMa pa3Hoo6pa3eH H, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, He or-
paHHyeH.
Pa3JIH14ne OTTeHKOB, BbIpa>KaeMbIX McCTOHMeHHeM Becb, B
3HagHTeJIbHOH Mepe 3aBHCHT OT JIeKCHgeCKorO 3HalieHHH cym.eCT-
BHTeJIbHOrO, K KOTOPOMy OTHOCHTCSI McCTOHMeHHe BeCb H OT KaTe-
TOPHH 4HCJia 3TOrO cyu1,eCTBHTeJIbHoro.
HanpHMep:
1) ... (LlexoB).
2) KBeCb MHp rOBOpHT 0 CTpaUJHOM nopa)KeHHH, nOHeceH-
HOM HeMeiLKHM OPyx{HeM B CTa.IHHrpajje>. (10. HarH6HH).
3) . (fIayCTOBCKHIi).
B UpHBeAeHHOM npHMepe meCTOHmeHHe BeCb, onpe,eJi15i noJl-
HOTy npeAMeTa, no CMbICJIy T$IrOTeeT H K rjlarojly-CKa3yeMOMy,
yKa3bIBaH Ha Mepy H CTeneHb AefICTBHSI. Ha o6CT0sITeJIbCTBeHHbie
OTTeHKH, Bblpa}KaeMble McCTOHMeHHeM BeCb, YKa3bIBaeT H pRAOM
CTOHLUHIi o60006JIeHHbIli HJieH npeAJIO}KeHH$l (BCSI COCHa, T. e. OT
KOpHeI-I )10 BepIBHHbI, 'B3ApOrHyJIa H 3aCTOHaJIa).
i A. M. TI e III K 0 B C K H H. PyCCKH 1 CHHTaKCHC B Hay9HOM OCBeuLeHHH,
H3,a. 6-e, M., 1638 r., CTp. 168.
2 CAOBapb COBpeMeHHOro pyCCKOro R3b!Ka, I43,a. AKaAeMHH HayK, CCCP,
T. 2, 1951 r.
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 I I II -1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
McCTOHMeHHe BeCb B euHHCTBeHHOM gHCJie, KaK yKa3blBajlocb,
B 'npen03HTHBHOM noJ10}KeHHH 06bIgHO ynOTpe6JISIeTCSI C HeOAy-
weBJIeHHbIMH cyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIMH. 3'Ty 0006eHHOCTb OTMegaJI eiue
A. A. IIIaxMaTOB. OAHaKO B Xyao)KeCTBeHHO1i JIHTepaType BCTpe-
THJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO cJlygaeB ynoTpe6JIeHHH McCTOHMeHHH BeCb a
npen03HTHBHOM nOJIO}KeHHH C cyIueCTBHTeJIbHbIMH, o603HagaIO11IH-
MH JIHLO.,
HanpHMep:
1) , T. e. , CKCOBepnIeHHO7> 51 He
YMPY?
MecTOHMeHHe BeCb B ea. qHCJie B cpea. poAe (BCe) Mo)KeT
TaK>Ke ynOTpe6JISITbC5I B COqeTaHHH C Cy6CTaHTHBHPOBaHHbIMH
(4OpMaMH yKa3aTeJIbHbIX H npHTSI>KaTeJIbHbIX McCTOHMeHHI3, a TaK-
>Ke C Cy6CTaHTHBHpOBaHHbIMH npHJlaraTeJIbHbIMH.
HanpHMep:
1) >. (K. IIayCTOBCKHI3).
BbipaxKaH 3Ha'IeHHe COBOKynHOCTH, o6o6LUeHHOCTH, McCTO-
HMeHHe BCCb BO MH. 'IHCJie TaK Ke BbI11OJIH5IeT CpyHKILHIO KOJIH'Ie-
CTBeHHOro onpeAeJleHHSI.
OTHOCSICb K COLIeTaHH}O KOJIHLIeCTBeHHOro LIHCJIHTeJIbHOro c
CyLLeCTBHTeJIbHbIM, McCTOHMeHHe BeCb BO MH. 'IHCJIe Bblpa>KaCT
yCHJIHTeJibHO-o6o61ILalonuee 3HageHHe, npH6JIH>Ka5ICb no ynoTpe6-
JieHHIO K gaCTHIje.
HanpHMep:
1) On, He yMOJIKaSi, paCCKa3bIBaJ1 BCe ABaAgaTb MHHyT.
(,aOCToeBCKHI3).
I B AaHHO$ CTaTbe He CTaBHTCH 3aAa4a CIIeLLHaJIbHO OIIHCblBBTb ynoTpe6-
.IeHHe McCTOHMeHH51 BeCb B CHHTaKCH4eCKH HJIH JIeKCH4eCKH CBH3aHHbIX cogeTa-
HHHX. CM. K. C. K 0 3 bi p e B, YCTOH'HBble CJIoBocogeTaHHA C McCTOHMeHHbIMH
CJIOBaMH B GOBp. pyC. M. KY4eHble 3anHCKH Op.IoBCKoro neAHHCTHTyTa), Open,
1954, T. IX, BMn. IV.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
2) IIIHpOKHII Ka3apMeHHbIH ABOp, 06HeceHHbII3 CO BCeX 4eTbl-
peX CTOpOH AJIHHHbIMH gepeBHHHbIMH CTpoeHHSIMH, KHIHeJi,
TOTIHO MypaBeFiHHK, CepbIMH coJIAaTCKHMH (~HrypaMH.
(A. KynpHH).
YCHJIHTejlbHoe 3HaHeHHe 3TOr0 McCTOHMeHHSI C OTTeHKOM
o6o6HieHHH o6Hapy)KHBaeTC5I H BO (ppa3eoJIOrHTaeCKOM cogeTaHHn
KHa BCe LleTblpe CTOpoHbl> .
HanpHMep:
- A BOT~BaM Moe nOCJIeAHee cAOBO: KOJIH He OTL aJ1HTe K ce-
peAe AeHer, Tax HAHTe Ha Bce tieTblpe CTOp0Hbl... (B. H. HeMHpo-
BHq-,JaHileHKO)
McCTHMeHHe BeCb BO MH. qHCJie MO}KeT HMeTb yCHJIHTeJIbHO-
o6o6i aiolljee 3HaTieHHe H B co eTaHHH C JIHTIHbIMH McCTOHMeHHH-
MH.
HanpHMep:
1 ) (LIeXOB).
2) A CKOJIbKO }Ke 3AeCb Aopor - H MaJIble H 60JIbIUHe, BCe
OHH CnyTaJIHCb, CfJIeJIHCb OAHa c ApyroH. (Ba6aeBCKHFI).
HTaK, McCTOHMeHHe BCCb B npenO3HTHBHOM HOJIO}KeHHH 06bit1-
HO ynOTpe6JIHeTCH B poJIH oco6oro onpeAeJIeHHH, KOTOpOe, He Ha-
3bIBaSI KOHKpeTHOCO npH3HaKa, Bblpa)KaeT KOJIHTIeCTBeHHO-OnpeAe-
JIHTeJIbHbie OTHOIHeHHH. OrIpeAe.leHHe, BbIpa3KeHHoe Me'CTOHMeHH-
eM BeCb, no CMbICJIy MO}KeT 6bITb CBSI3aHO He TOJIbKO C onpeaeJlSie-
MbIM CJIOBOM, HO H C I-JIaroJIOM-CKa3yeMbIM. 3Ta CMbICJIOBaH CBSI3b
McCTOHMeHHH BeCb c rJIarOJIOM-CKa3yeMbIM B 3aBHC'HMOCTH OT JieK-
CHmeCKoro COCTaBa npeAJIO)KeHHH MO?KeT npOHBJIHTbCSI He Bceraa
OAHHaKOBO OTTIeTJIHBO.
McCTOHMeH'He BeCb, COrJIaCySICb c OnpueJIHeMbIM cynjeCTBH-
TeJIbHbIM, JIerKO MO}KeT yTpaLIHBaTb CMbICJIOBYIO CB5I3b C 3THM
CyHjeCTBHTeJIbHbIM H, THrOTeH K rJIarOJiy-CKa3yeMOMY, Bblpa)KaTb
06CTOHTeJIbCTBeHHble OTTeHKH. O6CTOHTCJIbCTBeHHOe 3Ha4eHHe Me-
CTOHMeHHSI Becb, cJia6o OIUYTHMOe B nper103HTHBHOM noJIO}KeHHH,
OTT-IeTJIHBO HpOHBJISIeTCSI B TOM cJiygae, eCJIH McCTOHMeHHe BeCb
ynOTpe6JieH0 nocae cymeCTBHTeAbHOTO, C KOTOphIM OHO rpaMMaTH-
TIeCKH CBSI3aHO. HanpHMep:
1) ...OAHOXYTOp5IHHH 1_pH'rOpHH EIMeJIbMH Ep,onieB, cepbe3-
HbII3 H aeJIOBHTbII3 Ka3aK, BeCb KaK-To nOT3epHeJi...
(LUOJIOXOB).
2) H HHKoJIau Becb c)KaJICSI, 6yATO ero yAapHJIH. (KeTJIHH-
cKaSI).
3) DTOT napexb Bce 6OJiee He HpaBHJICH CaMI HHy, BeCb He
HpaBHJICSI. (FOpbKHIi).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B rIPHBeAeHHbIX npHMepax MecTOHMeHHe Becb, coxpaHHSI
rpaMMaTngIeCKylo CBSI3b c cyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIM, yKa3blBaeT Ha Mepy
H CTeneHb AeIiCTBHH.
O6CTOHTeJIbCTBeHHOe 3HaqeHHe McCTOHMeHHH BeCb euie 6onee
yCHJIHBaeTCH, ecnH OHO yrIOTpe6JIHeTcsi nocJre rJlaroJIa-cxa3yeMo-
ro.
HanpHMep:
. (H. B. roronb).
2) . (H. B. ForOJIb).
3) Bce B iepeaae 6bwIH y6e)KIleHbI,
(IIaycTOBCKHH).
ECJIH cy6CTaHTHBHpoBaHHaH ()}OpMa B eJj. HHcne BCe MO}KeT yKa3brBaTb KBK
Ha COBOKyfHOCTb npCAMeTOB (I npHMep), TaK H Ha COBOKynHOCTb JIHI1 (II npH-
Mep), TO 4opMa MH. YHCJIa Bce, KBK npaBHJIO, o6o3HauaeT COBOKynHOCTb JIHIH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
EcnH Ha,pegHe BCE ynOTpe6nsleTCSt JIHIIIb ripH rnarone-cKa3ye-
MOM HeCOB. BHAa, TO Cy6CTaHTHBHpOBaHHaH 4 opMa McCTOHMeHHH
cpeA? poa, ecTeCTBeHHo, MO}KeT yHOTpe6JI TbCH C rnaronaMH KaK
COBepuIIeHHoro, Tax H HeCOBepIIIeHHOI'O BHAa.
CpaBHHTe:
1) ...OH... BCe CMOTpeJI Ha McHH C TOO x{e ycMewK0I3. (AO-
CToeBCKHH) (npH HeB03MO)KHOCTH > MO)KeT
B OnpeAeJfeHHOM KOHTeKCTe yKa3bIBaTb Ha nOBTOpHeMOCTb AeHCT-
BHH, HO B aaHHOM cjiyiae 3TO 3Ha4eHHe nOBTOpHQMOCTH nOAHepKH-
BaeTCH ynOTpe6JleHHeM Hape4HH BCC. AHaJIOrHgHoe 3Ha4eHHe H B
c.ienyfoIIjHx npHMepax:
1) AHH C HacJIa)K,geHneM nHJia Oaf H BCC noABHra.la EBAO-
KHH flaBJIOBHe ne4eHbe H KOHq)eTbI... (B. KeTJIHHCKaS).
2) Z[OJI}KHO 6bITb, (OH) BIIepBble BbICTynaJI... Ha CO6paHHH:
OH H BbILIIeJI HepeLIIHTeJIbHO H BCE padnpaBJ19JI Ha TPH6yHe
npHrOTOBJIeHHbie- 3aMeTKH. (B. KeTJIHHCKaH).
HHoraa Hape4He BCe, yKa3blBaloLuee Ha nOBTOp}feMOCTb AeH-
CTBHH, Mo}KeT ynOTpe6JIHTbC51? B OAHOM KOHTeKCTe C ApVrk4MH Ha-
pe4HHMH: CHOBa, On9Tb H T. n.
HanpHMep:
1) LlbH-TO rQI a c4HTaJia KyxyLnxa, H BCE C6HBaJIacb co cne-
Ta, H OIIATb Ha4HHaJla. (L1eXOB).
2) OH (MaTpOC) BCC Ha4HHaJI HaneBaTb neceHKy, HO TOT1IaC
O6pbIBaJI ee H Ha4HHaJi CHOBa. (flayCTOBCKHH).
3Ha4eHHe nOBTOpHeMOCTH aef4CTBHH, Ha KGTOpOe yKa3blBaeT
Hape4He BCe, 4auue Bcero 06yCJIOBJIeHO JIeKCHKo-rpaMMaTH4eCKH-
MH 0006eHHOCTHMH rJlaro.Ia-CKa3yeMOrO, K KOTOPOMy OTHOCHTCH
3TO Hape4He. Hape4He BCC C paccMaTpHBaeMbIM 3Ha4eHHM o6biu-
HO OTHOCHTCH K rJfarOJfaM HeCOBepuleHHOrO BHAa, KOTOpble B Ka-
KOH-TO Mepe COXpaHHJIH yKa3aHHe Ha 3Ha4eHHe KpaTHOCTH. (Cp. 1)
BCC MOJI4a.Ia - OTCyTCTByeT 3Ha4eHHe nOBTOpHeMOCTH H 2) BCe
Ha4HHaJia neTb, BCC nOABHraJIa 4TO-TO - AaeTCH yKa3aHHe Ha 3Ha-
4eHHe rIOBTOpSeMOCTH.
BpeMeHHble OTTeHKH, Bbipa}KaeMble Hape4HeM BCC, MOryT BbI-
CTynaTb A npej[JIO>KeHHH He BcerAa ORHHaKOBO HCHO. OHH 6o.iee
OT4eTJIHBO rIPOHBJIHK)TCH B TOM CJIy4ae, eCJIH HapellHe BcE He'no-
CPeACTBeHHO OTHOCHTCH K rJlaroJiy-cKa3yeMOMy:
K e r o B a, M., 1952, cTp. 86.
CJloBapb COBpeMeHHOrO pYCCKOCO JIHTepaTypHOro B3blKa, H3,q. AK.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
III. 3Hageiee H ynoTpe6.neHne 4acTHLjbL BCE.
3HageHHe 'laCTHubI BCC B npeAJlo)KeHHH ROBOJIbHO pa3HO06-
pa3HO. B oTJIHqHe OT HapeTIHH maCTHua BCC yTpailHBaeT BpeMeil-
Hble OTTeHKH. C nOMOnjbI0 gaCTHubI BCC O6bIilHO no)iLIepKHBaeTCH,
yCHJIHBaeTCSI TO HJIH HHOe CJIOBO B npeJLJlo)KeHHH, T. e. 1IacTHua
BCC 6oJlbLueH xiaCTbIO (JYHKLHOHHpyeT KaK yCHJIHTeJlbHaSI.
1) ).
6) flJIeHHbix npHBeJIH ABexaAL(aTb tieJIOBeK, BCe noJlHgeA-
CKHe, )KaHAapMOB }KHBbIX He OCTaJIOCb (a. McABeAeB).
t-IaCTHi(a BCe C KOJI HtieCTBeHH bIM 3HatieHHeM MO%eT OTHOCHTb-
C51 He TOJIbKO K OAHHOLIHOMy cyu(eCTBHTeJIbHOMy, HO H K coveTa-
HHIO cyIIjeCTBHTeJIbHoro c npHJlaraTeJlbHbIM.
HarlpnMep:
1) BHAHIUb: H3 Ka}KAbIX BOPOT
CneiIIHO HAeT o6bIBaTeJIb.
BCe-To 3HaK0MbIFi HapoA,
4TO HH My}KHK, TO npHSITeJIb. (H. A. HeKpaCOB).
2) 4y! iuenoT KaKOi3-TO... a BOT BepeHHua
BAOJIb u eJiH BHHMaTeJlbHbIX rJIa3!
Bce Cepble, KapHe, CHHHe rJIa3KH,
CMeIuaJIHCb, KaK B none I(BeTbI. (H. A. HeKpaCOB).
3) CTapyuJKH see HapoA cepAHTbii. (FpH6oeAOB).
4) KaKHe Bce pa3Hble JIIOAH. (KeTJIHHCKaH).
5) Ba! 3HaxoMble BCe JIHga. (rpx6oe4OB).
1'1HorAa, KaK $HAHO H3 npHMepoB, KOJIH9eCTBeHHO-OnpeAeJiH-
TeJIbI-Las LIaCTHi(a MO}KeT ynOTpe6JIuTbCu H npH CYIUeCTBHTeJIbHOM
B c opMe eA? gHc.na, KOrAa OHO yKa3bHBaeT Ha COBOKynHOCTb JIHI(
HJIH npeAMeTOB.
MaCTHUa BCe BHOCHT AOIIOJIHHTeAbHble CMbICJIOBble OTTeHKH H
B TOM CJiygae, KOrAa ynoTpe6JISIeTCSi npH cpaBHHTeJIbHOIi CTeneHSE
HapegHSI HJIH npHJlaraTeJlbHOro.
OTHOCHCb K CpaBHHTeJIbHOii CTeneHH Hape4HSI, iaCTHaa BCe
yKa3bIBaeT Ha nOCTeneHHOe yBe.iH'IeHHe KaTieCTBa AeHCTBffii.
HanpHMep:
1) A BnepeAH BCe rpo3Hee, Bce HacTolivHBee cTyqaJIH nyJie-
McTbI. (A TOJICTOH).
2) rlJIaMs... pa3'b$IpfeTC5I BCe Sipge H rp03Hee, OXBaTbIBan rO?
PH30HT BCe IIIHpe H IHHpe... (H. ByHHH).
3) ...,Jyina 60JIHT BCe HaCTOF14HBee. (KeTJIHHCKaSI).
4) r. (KeTJIHHCKauI).
i4aCTHUa BCe MO}KeT OTHOCHTbCSI He TOJIbKO K IIpOCT0I( cpOpMe
cpaBHHTeJIbHOI-i CTeneHH HapetIHSI, HO H K CJIO)KHOI3.
1) DTO OgIeHb HY)KHO aJISI MaKCHMa, KOTOpbIi3 CKJIOHeH BCe
6OJiee Cepbe3HO 3aHHMaTbCH HCKyCCTBOM. (FOpbKHfl).
2) OT cJH3HT4eCKHX cTpaaaHHH Hac, Bce 6oaee ycnewHO, JleilaT
AOKTOpa... (FOpbKHI3).
B eAHHHtlHbIX c i"asix 9aCTHI(a BCe OTHOCHTCSI K o6CT05ITeJib-
CTBeHHbIM HapeIIHSIM, KOTOpble 06bIMHO JIeKCHqeCKH IIOBTOpSIIOTCSI-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
1)
2)
> (,
20 OKTH6px 1955 r.).
2) > (KeTJIHHCKasi).
B npHBeAeHHbIX npHMepaX Ha nOCTeneHHoe yBeJlHtleHHe npH-
3HaKa npeAMeTa yKa3bIBaeT He TOJIbKO tiacTHua BCe, HO H JIeKCHKO-
TpaMMaTHtIeCKOe 3HatieHHe CaMHX npHtlaCTHI3, ynOTpe6Ji5IeMbIX B
())OpMe HaCTOSIIuero BpeMeHH.
Ha yBeJIHtleHHe IIpH3HaKa B npe.MeTe tiacrnua BCe HHorAa
yKa3bIBaeT H B cotieTaHHH C HOJIO)KHTeJIbHOII CTenenbIO npHJIara-
TeJlbuoro. I1paBaa, B 3TOM 3HatleHHH c tiacTHueu BCE HaM BCrpeTH-
JIOCb JIHUIb OAHO npHJIaraTeJlbHOe - .
1) >.
(M. IIpHLI.IBHH).
2) (H. EMe.nbH-
HoBa, >.).
3) KHJIH HenJloxo, a ec in HHOraa 000pII-
JIHCb, TO BCe H3-3a npOKJI5ITOI{ CTpaCTHIHKH CaBeJIHH (De-
AopOBHga>. (AM. OcTpoB, ).
4) KeT He TOJIbKO Bblpa>KaTb B npeAJlo>KeHHH AO-
6aBOMHbie CMbICJIOBble OTTeHKH, HO TaK>Ke YKa3bIBaTb H Ha OcO6ble,
3MOuHOHaJIbHO-3KCnpecCHBHbie OTTeHKH BbICKa3bIBaHH5i.
HanpHMep:
1) (FopbKHH).
2) KHO 6bi iio OTnyCKaTb erO B MOCKBy... I4 BCE
3TOT Ao6pHK AJIeKceeB - OTnyCTHTe Aa oTnyCTHTe...
(KeTJIHHCKaH).
3) IXL a BCE 6a6be cepjue BHHOBaTO. XogeTCH caMoi BbI-
paLuHBaTb CKOTHHY, nTIIUY>>. (ICI. ApaMHJIeB).
4) (I-IeXOB).
I1TaK, 3HatleHHe qaCTHUbI BCE, OMOHHMHLIHOi1 C (~OpMOH CpeA.
po a McCTOHMeHHH BeCb H Hape4HeM BCE, JjOBOJIbHO pa3H006pa3HO.
B OAHHX CJiyTIacx, TIa.CTHUa BCC, nOaHepKHBaH, BbIAeJIHH TO HJIH
HHOe CJIOBO B npeAJIO>KeHHH, BbIIIOJIHSieT yCHJIHTeJIbHy1O L)yHKUHlO.
B apyrHx c.iyqaix tiaCTHua BCE He TOJIbKO yCHJIHBaeT 3HaxieH'He
CJIOBa, HO BHOCHT B npeAJIO>KeHHe H AOHOJIHHTeJIbHbie CMbICJIOBble
oTTeHKH: tiau a BcerO KOJIHT4eCTBeHHO-onpeAeJIHTeJIbHble HJIH,BbIAe-
JI HTeJIbHo-orp aHHgHTeJIbHble.
HHOrAa KOJIHTIeCTBeHHO-orpaHHLIHTeJIbHble OTTeHKH, BbIpa>Kae-
Mble uaCTHUeK BCe, HeOTAeJIHMbi, KaK yKa3bIBaJIOCb, OT AO6a'BOe-
HbIX BpeMeHHbIX H npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 3HaTdeHHH.-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HanpHMep:
1) A Ha 6eperax BCE .nec H .nec... (. (FOpbKHFi).
2) .
(KeTJIHHCKasi).
B pOJIH 'IaCTHIjbl, KaK OTMetIaJlOCb, MO}KeT ynOTpe6JISITbCSI H
4 opMa HM. na,. McCTOHMeHH$ BeCb BO MH. qHCJIe (Bee).
HanpHMep: -
1) Ke-nHHaMH H JI6aMH>>. (JI. ToJICTON)/.
B npHBI ?eHHbIX IpuMepax, npOTHBOIIOCTaBJ1RSi c 1I,Hy 4aCTb
ripejLJ1o}KeHI j1pvr9y 4aCTHUa Bce, no cynueCTBy, Bbll~(OJIHAeT p0JIb
npOTHBHTeJI; - t0.)3a. IIOBOpS1 0 CB513H HeKOTon, X yCHJIHTeJIb-I -6
HbIX 9aCTHU, -'COI03i.IMH, A. M. IIflIIKOBCKHI3 1 eJlaeT TOHKOe Ha'
6JIK)jjeHHe: 1. ~,....
I A. M. II a LLL K O B C K H L";, Ham 513hIR, M. 1, 1925 r., c'rp. 84.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
pd. MHLIJlf[IA
~ ?K.
3HALIEHHE H YIIOTPEBJIEHHE CJIOBA (AHII
B\ COBpeMeHHOH KJIaccH{lHKauwH IIaCTE4 pe4H IfaK H3BeCTHO,
ECJIH Mice no CMbICJIY CJIOBO :'O)JHH>' OTHOtHTCA K,r-jiarOny, TO Z
B COCTaBE npeJLJIO KeHHA OHO HMeeT' tLu Hii pa3.IH4HbIx 4acTei
pe4H, HCKnI04a5 4aCTHUbI. CpaBHHM:
1) KOAHH apy3bq OCTaJIHCb B KOMHaTe>> (TOnbKO APY3b5I
OCTanHCb) .
4aCTO BbICTyII j B 3Ha4eHHH 4aCTHU , p
POCJIH OAHH COCHbI Aa eJIH>>, (B. K O 4 e T 0 B). OTH^CACb K cyuLe-
CTBHTeJIbHOMy, CJIOBO TaKMKe 4aCTO yH0" .5JIAeTCA KaK
'IHCJIHTeJm-Hoe HJIH MKe ())yHKUHOHHpyeT B pOJI: 'OltrueTIFSI; Ha-
npHMep: ( B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM A3bIKe, yfOTpe6JIAACb
pOJIH 4aCTHIZbI, MOMKeT HMeTb 3Ha'IeHHH:
CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb, 4TO ynOTpe6JieHHe CJIOBa B nepBOM
H3 yKa3aHHbIX 3HaileH'HfI ABJIAeTCA npeo6JlaAaioIUHM.
CJIOBO , BbICTyfaH B 3HaiieHHH orpaHHTIHTeJIbHO-Bbu e-
JIHTeJIbHOIHi maCTHUbl, COXpaHAeT BCe B03MOMKHbie JjJIA Hero 4)opMbI
corjiaCOBaHnA C HMeHeM CyII(eCTBHTeJIbHbIM HJI'H McCTOHMeHHeM,
K KOTOpbIM OTHOCHTCH, HanpHMep:
orpaHHEIHTeJIbHO-BbIAe'JIHTeJIbHoe, HanpHMep:
(H. fI o r o A H H ).
KIIHTaeT oAHy KCesepnyIO n4eny>, Aa H Ty 6epeT y McH310.
(A. flHceMcxHli).
CCCMOJIOAy }KHBeI.1Ib OAHHMH HaAe}KAaMH, Bce AyMaeUlb,
BOT-BOT HaCTBHeT 4TO-TO BeJIHKOe, 3aXBaTbIBaloujeeb.
(A. KynpHH).
c4-1eJIOBeK AOJI}KeH TPYAHTbCA, pa60TaTb B HOTe JIHua, KTO
6bI OH HH 6bIJI, H B 9TOM OAHOM 3aKJIK)4aeTCA CMbIGT H
UeJIb ero }KH3HH, ero c'aCTbe, erO BOCTOprHX~ (A. '-I e x 0 B).
CJIOBO . KpoMe Toro, CJIOBO (OAHH> HMeeT 3Ha4eHHe
orpaHH4eHHH, JIHIUb OTHOCHCb K cyigeCTBHTeJIbHOMy HJIH McCTOH-
McHHIO, TorAa KaK ApyrHe 4aCTHUbI C TeM we 3Ha4eHHeM MOryT B
paBHOM CTeneHH OTHOCHTbCA H K CyIueCTBHTeJIbHOMy, H K rJ1aroJiy.
Cp. HanpHMep:
1) C (H. C e JI b-
BHHCKHH).
HTaK, CJIOBO , ynOTpe6JIHHCb B 3HaTieHHH TIaCTHubI,
HaXOAHTCSI 'B npexiO}KeHHH JIH60 nepeA cyHjeCTBHTeJIbHbIM, JIH60
HenOCpeACTBeHHO 3a HHM.
ByAy1IM nepecTaBJIeHO, CJIOBO > H .
HanpHMep:
9OAHO TOJIbKO 3Be3AH0e He60, OAHH He60CBOA HeABH-
>K'HM...>> (14. B y H H H).
(M. rOpbKHH).
KJIHUib C To6oIO OAHOIO H C'qaCTJIHB,
1'1 Te6H He 3 jMeHHT HHKTO...>> (14. B Y H H H).
KiH3Hb COCTOHJIa B CyIUHOCTH H3
OAHHX TOJIbKO pa3JIYK H CBHAaH'HH> (B. K a B e p H H).
TaKHe aBOAHbLe LIaCTHUbl TaK>Ke HMeIOT, KaK npaBHJIO, 3Ha4e-
HHe BbIAeJIHTeJIbHO-orpaHHgHTeJIbHoe, c 6oJIbHIHM, MO>KeT 6bITb,
yCHJIeHHeM.
KaK y>Ke 6blJio YKa3aH0 BbluIe, OCO6eHHOCTbIO CJIOBa >
ABJIHeTCH TO, iiTO OHO MO>KeT HMeTb 3HaileHH,e LIaCTHubl JIHIUb B CO-
iieTaHHH C CymeCTBHTeJIbHbIM H McCTOHMeHHOM. OAHaKO He B Ka>K-
AOM TaKOM COLIeTaHHH CJIOBO > HrpaeT 6e3yCJIOBHO pOJIb qa-
CTHUbI. I'IHaqe,roBdpE, CJIOBO > BcerAa BbICTynacT B 3HaLIe-
HHH gaCTHUbI JIHUIb BB COTIeTaHHH c Onpeae.IeHHbIMH rpynnaMH cy-
iaeCTBHTeJIbHbIX H McCTOHMeHHH. K HHM 0THOCHTC3I npe>Kae Bcero
McCTOHMeHHA JIHgHbie, B03BpaTHble H yKa3aTe.IbHbie.
HanpHMep:
> (14. I' OH I a p 0 B).
>. (H. B Y H H H).
KAH IIJIH nOCTOSIHHble, AoporH Hcge3JIH, OCTaJIaCb OAHa
rpH3b>>. (B. FapllHH).
B lq'HCJIO 3THX cyH(eCTBHTeJibHbIX BXOASIT, KaK H3BeCTHO:
1) cynjeCTBHTeJIbHble OTBJIeLIeHHble (),
3) co6CTBeHHble (>. (B. KoLieTOB).
4) BeIIjeCTBeHHble ().
KpoMe singularia tantum, K cyil[eCTBHTeJIbHbIM, B C04eTaHHH
C KOTOpbIMH CJIOBO 'OAHH>> HrpaeT pOJIb LIaCTHUBI, OTHOCSITCSI
HMeHa, HMeIon 3e cpopMy H 3Ha'4eHHe MHO?KeCTBeHHOrO LIHCJIa, 110
B CoT-leTaHHH CO CJIOBOM > 9TH HMeHa yHOTpe6JISIIOTCSI TOJIbKO
B 4 opM'e MHo>KeCTBeHHOrO T4HCJia.
HanpHMep,
... (OH we). . (B. KOHeT0B).
YnoTpe6JIeHHe CJIOBa > B 3HaMeHHH LIaCTHUbl HHOrAa
B03MO}KHO 'H npH Cyn.LeCTBHTeJIbHbIX B eAHHCTBeHHOM LI'HCJIe,
HanpHMep:
.
(A. 11YIuKHH).
HO B n0A06HbIX npHMepax OT4eHb MaCTO B03MO)KHbI nepexoA-
Hble CJIyLIaH, KorAa CJIOBO > B COLIeTaHHH C cymeCTBHTeJIb-
HbIM eAHHCTBeHHOrO LIHCJIa MOx{eT nOHHMaTbCSI AB05IKO:
1) KaK o603HageHHe eAHH'HLIHOCTH, KOJIHLIeCTBa, T. e. KaK
TIHCJIHTeJIbHOe, H
2) KaK OrpaHHMHTeJlbHO-BbIAeJIH'TeJIbHaH LIaCTHua:
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Toro, KaK 6yAeT np0-
H3HeceHO CJIOBO > (C yAapeHHeM OAfIH open HJIH 6e3 He-
ro - OA.jHH opejl), OHO H 1OHIIMaeTCH JIH60 KaK 'IHCJIHTeJIbHOe
(OAHH, a He ABa, He TpH), JIH60 KaK T4aCTHga (TOJIbKO ope.i).
TaKoe ABOSIKOe HOHHMaHHe o6bI4HO CBOIICTBeHHO H TeM cJty-
'IaSIM, KOrAa CJIOBO co'IeTaeTCSI C 'IaCTHIjaMH (JIHIIIb>,
) (Cp.: TOJIbKO COpOKa HFJIH OAHa H3 CO-
pOK).
HaJIHgHe 3THX LIaCTHI (JIHIIIb, TOJIbKO) C03AaeT H3BeCTHbie
yCJIOBHSI aJIA COXpaHeHHH y CJIOBa 3Ha4eHHSI eAHHH4H0-
CTH, KOJI'HgieCTBa. II09TOMy npH npOLIHX paBHbIX YCJIOBHSIX B co'ie-
TaHHH C . B HHCbMaX OAHOrO HeAaBHO yMepiuero nHCaTeJIH H
npoiIJla: . (A. H H C e m C K H fl).
3Haxiei1He HeonpeaeJIeHHOro McCTO'HMeHHH CJIOBO HMe-
eT JIHHIb B CO'IIeTaHHH C HMeHeM Cyll.[eCTBHTeJIbHbIM HJIH Cy6CTaH-
THBHPOBaHHbIM npHJlaraTeJlbHbIM. B 9TOM OTHOLUeHHH Ha6moAaeT-
1) B. B. B H H o r p a A 0 B. KPyCCK'Hrf 5 3bIK), M.-JL, 1947, cTp. 306.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CH CXOJI,CTBO c ynoTpe6JleHHeM CJIOBa B poJIH 1IaCTHUbI
(CM. CTp. 98). HO B OTJIHTIHe OT TIaCTHUbI CJIOBO > B 3HaTleHHH
McCTOHMeHHH HHKOI' a He ynOTpe6JISIeTC51 B COTIeTaHHH C apyrHMH
McCTOHMeHHHMH, T. K. 3HaLIeHHe HeonpeJZeJIeHHoro yKa3aHHSI Ha
JIHUO HJIH npeAMeT nepeJjaeTCSI Cneu'HaJIbHbIM pa3P5U OM McCTOH-
McH'Hcl (HeonpeaeJleHHble).
CJIeJ1yeT 3aMeTHTb, 'ITO H CyLUeCTBHTeJTbHble .I aJIeKO He BCe
MOryT onpe)je.IHTbCH CJIOBOM CO 3Ha'eHHeM HeonpeAeJ1eH-
HOCTH. HHTepeCeH TOT (paKT, TITO He yHOTpe6JI5IeTC5I B 3TOM CJly'lae
60JIbLUHHCTBO Tex CyLUeCTBHTeJIbHbIX, npH KOTOpbIX CJIOBO
MO>KeT HrpaTb pOJIb TIaCTHUbI. HHa'.Ie rOBOpH, CJIOBO B p0-
JIH McCTOHMeHHSI He BCTpe'4aeTCH C cyIueCTBHTeJlbHbIMH C06CTBeH-
HbIMH, Co6HpaTeJlbHbIMH, BeIUeCTBeHHbIMH, OTBJIeTIeHHbIMH (cp:
Ke CJIygga5IX OHO MO>KeT HMeTb ABa HJIH Aa)Ke TjH ,3Ha-
TIeHHH (3HaTieHHe McCTOHMeHHSI, HMeHH TIHCJIuTeJIbHOrO, (CM. cTp.
103 H cJleA?) LIaCT'HUbI). Cipe,RCTBOM p'a3JIHTleHdHH 3THX 3HageHHI3
HBJISIeTCH KOHTeKCT, a TaK>Ke yr apeHHe. IIpu 3TOM KOHTeKCT npll-
o6peTaeT TeM 6oJIbulee 3HaTleHHe, TITO fOpHAOK CJIOB BB cOTTeTaHHHX
CJIOBa C HMeHaMH CymeCTBHTeJIbHbIMH HBJIHeTCH CTpOFO
OnpeaeJIeHHbIM KaK B COTIeTaHHHX, rAe CJIOBO HrpaeT POJIb
TIaCTHUbI, TaK H TOrJja, KOI a' OHO BbICTynaeT B 3Ha'qeHHH McCTO-
HMeHHH.
YnOTpe6JI5j9Cb B 3Ha'IeHHH 'McCTOHM'eHHH, CJIOBO > MO-
>KeT CTOHTb TOJIbKO nepeA CyiueCTBHTeJIbHbIM HJIH nepeA comeTa-
HHeM CyWeCTBHTeJIbHOI'O C 3aBHCHLUHM'H OT Hero CJIOBaMH. rlpH-
MepOB, B KOTOpbIX 3Ta 3aKOHOMePHOCTb 6bIJIa 6bI HapylueHa, He
OTMegeHO.
> .. (A. rlHCeMCKHii). .,L 0CToe'BCKH9).
3aKpenJleHHbII3 nOPHJLOK CJIOB B COTIeTaHHHX CJIOBa C
HMeHaMH CylleCTBHTeJlbHbIMH C03JjaeT yCJIOBHH J(JIH BO3HHKHOBe-
HHH CBH3aHHbIX CogeTaHHH. gOBOJIbHO TIaCTO B pYCCKOM H3bIKe
CJIOBO 06pa3yeT B co'ieTaHHH 'C CyweCTBHTeJIbHbIM Hepa3-
JIO>KHMOe COTIeTaHHe, BbICTynaK)IUee B npeJ[JIO>KeHHH B pOJIH Da-
Horo ero TIJIeHa. Upu 3TOM 3Ha'leHHe HeOnpei(eJIeHHOrO McCTOHMe-
HHH Y CJIOBa HOJIHOCTbIO coxpaHHeTCH. K TaKHM CJIyTIaHM
OTHOCHTCH CJIe pomHe:
1) COTIeTaHHH THna Ke'TCSI KOBaJIHK, CJieiiaji npbl?KOK, CJIOMaJI Ce-
6e HOry... (K o p o Ji e H K 0). ynoTpe6JISIeTCSI,
KaK npaBHJIO, B ())opMe eRHHCTBeHHOFO 4HCJia:
. ((D. a0CTOeBCKHH).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
`OAHH tie.nOBeK, a, rJISIAH, ue.nyio Bpa)KbIO POTY yHHt1TO}K.HJI!>>
(, T. 2, cTp. 119). ).
(DopMy. MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO tIHCJIa 3T0 CJIOBO HMeeT JIHIHb B TeX
CJIytIa1X, KorAa 3aBHCHT OT Pluralia tantum, XOTSI coxpaHSieT npH
3TOM 3HatieHIIe eAHHHt(HOCTH, HanpHMep:
He HMeeT JIO-
rHtieCKoro yaapeHHL. flpOH3HouleHHe xKe CJIOBa B 3Ha-
tieHHH McCTOHMeHHSH -H tlHCJIHTeJIbHOTO otieHb CXOAHO, nO3TOMY B
AaHHOM cJlytlae oco6eHHOe 3HaqeHHe npHo6peTaeT KOHTeKCT. Ha
HaMepeHHOM HeIOHHMaHHH 3HatieHH5I CJIOBa HOCTPOeH
cJleay1oiuHH AHaJior y M. Fopbxoro:
>... - - cnpocHJI Erop H,
B3AOXHYB, ao6aBHJI: >...
(M. rop bKHH).
B BblpaxceHHH CJIOBO ynOTpe6JIeHO B 3Ha-
tieHHH McCTOHMeHH51 (TaKaf, CJieAyioiuax). CO6eCeAHHK xce HaMe-
peHHO nOHHMaeT 3TO CJIOBO KaK tgHCJIHTeJIbHoe.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HTaK, B co eTaHHH C HMeHeM Cyli[eCTBHTeJIbHbIM CJIOBO
MOxceT HMeTb 3HageHH5I qaCTHILbl, McCTOHMeHHH H '4HCJiH-
TeJIbHOTO.
CJIOBO KOAHH> HMeeT o6bILIHO 3aageHHe 'IaCTHi[bl, eCJiH OTHO-
CHTCH K Cyii[eCTBHTeJIbHbIM Singularia tantum (cM. yKa3aHHb[e
BbIIIIe rpynnbI), a TaK>Ke x McCTOHMeHHHM. B oCTaJlbHbIX cogeTa-
HHHX CJIOBO > Mo)KeT COBMemaTb ABa, a HHoria H TpH 3Ha-
McHHH (3HaqeHHe xiaCTHgbl, MCCTOHMeHHSI H'lHCJIHTeJIbHoro).
Y11OTpe6JISISICb BO BceX TpeX 3na1IeHHAX, CJIOBO B COCTaBe
npenJIo)KeHHSI 3aHHMaeT BcerAa onpeAe.IeHHoe MCCTO no OTHome-
HHIO K cyujeCTBHTeJIbHOMy, HaXOAs[Cb Haile BcerO HenocpeACTBeH-
HO nepeA HHM, peace - nocae Hero.
CJIOBO cOAHHD B COEIETAHHH C rJaAroaoM
CJIOBO >, OTHOCHCb K HMCHH CyMeCTBHTeJIbHOMY HJIH Me-
CTOHMeHHIO, BcerAa cor iacyeTCSI C HHM, TOBTOp5IH B 3TOM CJIymae
oC06eHHOCTH HMeHH npHJlaraTejIbHoro. Bbiule y3Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCb,
'iTO CJIOBO 3aBHCHT rpaMMaTmeCKH H no CMbICJIy OT cyiue-
CTBHTeJlbHOrO HJIH McCTOHMeHHSI, eCJIH HaXOAHTCH HenocpeacTBeH-
HO nepeA HHM} HJIH nocne HHX .
OAHaKO HepeAKO CJIOBO >, coxpaHSISI coru[acoBaHHe c
cylgeCTBHTeJIbHbIM HJIH McCTOHMeHHeM, B OnpeAQJIeHHbIX yCJloBH-
SIX yTpa'IHBaeT CMbICJIOByIO CBH3b C CyujeCTBHTeJIbHbIM HJIH McCTO-
HMeHIIeM H THrOTeeT no CMbICJIy K rJIaroJIy.
BaWHyIO pOJIb npH 3TOM xrpaeT nOp5AOK CJIOB. Ec iH CJ[OBO
OKa3bIBaeTC5I B npeJJiO K HHH nocule rularou[a, TO, KaK npa-
BHJIO, no CMbICJIy OHO H OTHOCHTC51 K 3TOMy rJlaroJiy, Cp. HanpH-
Mep: H KrITHI[a noel OAHa>>. ECJIH B nepsOM
n'pmepe CJIOBO 3aBHCHT OT CyLUeGTBIHTeJIbH'OrO no CMb[CJIy
H rpaMMaTHLIeCKH, TO BO BTOpOM npeAJIO}KeHHH CJIOBO , CO-
Xpanxsl 4 OpMy HMeHHTeJIbHOrO inanexca }KeHCKOrO poaa, no CMbI-
CJiy OTHOCHTC$1, 6e3yCJIOBHO, K rjIarouy. CM. npHMepbI:
>
-
CnpOCHJI si>>. (A. K y n p H H).
>... (H. .B Y H H H). KHAeIUb 3BeHHCOPOACKO1O TaFi-
roio - OAHH, OAHH, OT C'IaCTbH 'CaM He CBOIR> . (A. rl p H m e-
a eu , T. 1)._ .
(10. H a r H 6 H H , N2 43, 1956,. CTp. 9).
rloTep5I CMbICJIOBOI1 3aBHCHMOCTH CJIOBa OT cyuieCT-
BHTeJIbHOrO, KaK nOKa3bIBaIOT npHMepbI, MOxceT ~npOHCXOA'HTb
TOJIbKO TOrAa, KOrAa CJIOBO HMeeT onpeaeuleHHy1o cOpMy,.
a HMeHHO, cIJOpMy HMeHHTeJIbHOrO naae>i a (CM. npHMepbI BbIIUe).
CJIOBO >, corjiaCyHCb c CyI.LeCTBHTeJIbHbIM B KOCBeHHbIX
naAexcax, npH JIIO6oM fOp5I,LKe CJIOB HHKOrj[a He yTpaHHBaeT CMbI-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
f
CJIOBOFi CBH3H C 3THM cyujeCTBHTeJIbHbIM, HanpHMep: H >.
HOp>LLROK CJIOB BO 2 npHMepe H'BJIHeTCH Heo6bI4HbIM, TeM He
McHee CJIOBO He TOJIbKO rpaMMaTwIeCKH (cpopMa MHO?Ke-
CTBeHHOrO 4HCJIa TBO?pHTeJIbHOrO.naae)ca), HO H no CMbICJIY OTHO-
CHTCH K CyujeCTBHTeJIbHOMy.
MTaK, B npeLJIO?KeHHH CJIOBO > no CMbICJIY OTHOCHTCH
06b14H0 K rJIarOJIy-CKa3yeMOMy, eCJIH OHO HMeeT cpOpMy HMeHH-
TeJIbHoro naiiexca H CTOHT noc.ne rJIaroJIa.
B caiy4aix ?Ke, KOraa CJIOBO > CTOHT 'nepeA rJIaroJIOM,
T. e. OKa3bIBaeTCH B noJlo}KeHHH Me%Ay no)LJle?KaWHM H CKa3ye-
MbIM, OHO HHOrAa MO?KeT OTHOCHTbCH no CMbICJIy KaK K noj[Jte>Ka-
ujeMy, TaK H K CKa3yeMOMy-rJlaroJly. HanpHMep, B npeAJIOxceHHH
>- npH-KpHK-
HyJI OH>> . (A. H H c e M C K H ii). . (B. B e p e c a e B). -
4epe3 CHJIY OTO3BaJIC5i Bo6pOB>>. (A. K y n p H H). . (B. K o 4 e T o B). >. (0 H
)K e).
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MaH, rAe CJIOBO , IIOHCHHH FJlarOJI-CKa3yeMOe, CTOHT nepei
HHM.
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niHH>>. (A. T o Ji C T o H). B npeJ.IJIO}KeHHH CTaHOBHTCH CHHTaKCH-
tieCKH Hepa3JIO}KHMbIM H BbIHOJIHSIeT POJIb CKa3yeMoro. CJieayeT
3aMeTHTb, 'ITO, aeACTBHTeJIbHO, aOBOJIbH0 gaCTO B COBpeMeHHOM
pyCCKOM 5I3b1Ke B COCTaBe npe1J10}KeH'H51 nOAo6Hble cotieTaHH51 He-
pa3JIO}KHMbI.
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ocTa,n Csl) .
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CB23Ky, C nOTepei3 r iaroJio CBoeH caMOCTOSITeJIbHOCTH B npeAJio-
}KeHHH. 3Ha'eH,He r.iaro.na 6e3 HMeHHOi3 LIaCTH JIeKC'H-
tieCKH oCJIa6JIeHO, cam riiaroji 6JIH30K K nOJIyBeJueCTBeHHO33 CBS13-
Pa3JIH'H5i B 3Ha1eHI1H rjiaro.na OTMeMaIOT H CJIO-
BapH. Tax, B , COCT. C. H. O}KerOBbIM,
Bb!aeJISIeTC51 OAHHM H3 3HatieHHiI 3TOrO r,naro is 3HatleHHe KOKa-
3aTbCSi>, > - OCTaTbCSI B aOJiry, 6e3 pa60TbI. TO 3HatleHHe
B03HHKaeT JI'HLLlb B onpeaeJleHHbIX CJIOBoco'IeTaHHSIX H gBJI3ieTC51
4)pa3eoJlorH'eCKHM. Hero nojo6Hoe npOHCXOa1T H C KOHCTpyK-
uHei , KOraa OHa BbICTynaeT B POJIH CKa3yeMoro.
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(0 H )K e).
B npHBeAeHHbIX npHMepax MbI 'HMeeM AenQ no CyiueCTBY He
C CaMOCTOHTeJIbHbIM NIaroJIOM, a co CBH3KOII. B 6oJIbIUHHCTBe xce
CO,IeTaHHI3 THna .KTJiaroji+OAHH>> JleKCH~IeCKoe 3HaqeHHe rnaro-
Jia OCTaeTCH 6e3 H3MeHeHHH.
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. (O H }K e).
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C rJlaroJIOM, o6pa3y$ C HHM cowTaH'He, BbICTynaK)Hjee B npeAJIO-
}KeHHH B pOJIH OAHOr'o ero i ieHa. Kpyr rJIarOJIOB, BbICTynaiOIU$X
CO CJIOBOM KOAHH>> B pOJIH cKa3yeMoro, CpaBHHTeJIbHO y30K. K HHM
OTHOCHTCH B OCHOBHOM r.naroJIbI ABH)KeHHH H COCTOSIHIIH, T. e. Ta-
KHe rJIarOJIbI, AJIH KOTOpbIX Boo6uje THHH'IHO, xapaKTepHO yno-
Tpe6JIeHHe HX B pOJIH BenjeCTBeHHbIX CBH3OK npH HMeHHOFi tiaCTH
cxa3yeMoro.
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6paB Taxoe yeAHHeHHoe McCTo .((D. A 0 C T o e B C K H H) .
B AaHHOM c iyqae CJIOBO CTOHT nocjie rJiaro.na, OTHOCHTCH
K HeMy H o6pa3yeT C HHM CBH3aHHOe cowTaHHe, HBJIHIouieecs B
npeAJi0}KeHHH CKa3yeMbIM (He nPOCTO >, a ci3Ae.na oAHa,
OAHHOKaH, B oAHmoqeCTBe) .
Eiue npHMepbi:
KKyAa x{e 3T0 oHa oAHa?> = THXO rOBOpHJI PafICKHI3. - OHa
y Hac Bce OAHa xOAHT>, - oTBetiaJla Map4miHbxa>> (14. r o H-
H a p 0 B).
((D. 110 c T o e B C K H R). > o6Hapy}KHBaeT CBOH-
CTBa, npHCYIILHe HMeHH npHJlaraTeJIbHOMy. KaK yKa3bIBaJIOCb Bbl-
me, HMH npHJlaraTe.nbHOe B pyCCKOM 313bIKe MOx{eT B npeA:noxce-
HHH OnpeAeJIHTb rjIaroji, KBblpaxcaH COCTOHHHe nojj.nex{aniero B
MOMeHT OCynjeCTBJIeHHH npHnHCbIBaeMoro eMy CKa3yeMbIM AeH-
CTBHH - KMaTb XOAHT cllaCTJIHBaI > 2. DTO }Ke 3HaqeHHe nepe-
AaeTCH H coTIeTaHHeM r.iaro.ia CO CJIOBOM KOAHH>>.
[ CM. H. 10. Ul B e A 0 B a. Ilonxb[e H KpaTKHe (popMbl HMeH npnnaraTenb-
Hb[X B COCTaBe CKa3yemoro B COBpeMeHHOM pYCCKOM nHTepaTypHOM A36IKe,
Y4eHble 3anHcKH M1'Y, Bun. 150, 1952 r.
2 I'paMMaTHKa pYCCKOrO 513b[Ka, AH CCCP, T. II, 4. 1, CTP. 25.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CpaBHHTeJH HO qaCTO ;B pyCCKOM A3bIKe BCTpeTIaioTCA CJIy'aH,
KorAa CJIOBO H npHJlaraTeJlbHOe (HJIH Apyroe HMA) ynOT-
pe6JISIIOTCSI B npeAJIO}KeHHH napaJIJleJIbHO, THrOTeH K OAHOMy rJla-
rOJIy. 3TO SIBJISIeTC51 elue OAHHM nOATBep}KAeHHeM MbICJIH 0 TOM,
IITO CJIOBO B COgIeTaHHH C rJIaroJIOM BbICTyrlaeT KaK eAHHoe
ue.noe.
HanpuMep:
KeHHH
onpeAeJleHHbIX yCJIOBHI%I nOHHMaeTCA KaK CBo60AHoe, HeCBH3aH-
Hoe, COCTOAIIjee H3 AByX caMOCTOATeJlbHbIX qJIeHOB.
HanpHMep:
. (B. K a B e p H H).
COBepIIIeHHO OYeBHAHO, LITO B AaHHOM CJiylIae CJIOBO
OTHOCHTCA K rJlaroJly, 0AHaKO He o6pa3yeT C HHM Hepa3JIo)KHMO-
ro cogeTaHHA, a JIHIIIb XapaKTepH3yeT aeACTBHe, Ha3b1Bas o6CTOA-
TeJIbCTBa, KOTOPbIMH 3TO aeFACTBHe conpoBO}KAaeTCA. CJIeAOBa-
TeJIbHO, MbI HMeeM 3AeCb Aeiio c cogeTaHHAMH HHOrO THna, 4eM
yKa3aHo 6bIJIO BbIlue.
I CM. A. M. rl e lll K 0 B C K # $. PyCCKHH CHHTBKCHC B Hay4HOM OCBelue-
HHH, M.,_1,938, CTp. 242.
109
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
KaK npaBHJIO, CJIOBO -BbICTynaeT B KaqeCTBe caMOCTO-
RTeJIbHro iIJieHa npe$JIO}KeHHH, OTHOCRCb K CKa3yeMOMy-rJlarOJIy c
onpeAeJICHHbIM JIeKCH'qeCKHM 3HageHHeM. I_JIaroJI-CKa3yeMoe B
3THX cjiyga ix o603HamaeT He COCTORHHe, a Ha3bIBaeT aKTHBHoe,
KOHKpeTHoe JZeHCTBHe.
HanpHMep:
) (cp. cam Cbe.i). (A. T o JI C T O H) .
> (, 10/11-57 r.).
44, 6bIBaJio, TbI HagHHae'ulb nyTb BwecrepoM, a 3aKaHtIHBa-
elub ero OAHH>. (10. H a r H 6 H H, }K.. > Ns 43, 1956 r.)
2) CHOCO6HOCTb CJIOBa 6bITb YTO4HSIIOIUHM 06CTO51-
TeJlbCTBeHHbIM tlJieHOM K ApyrOMy 06CTOHTeJIbCTBy HJIH 06CTOH-
TeJIbcTBeHHOMy AOHOJIHeH,HIO.
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4(MHe Ka3aJIOCb, 4TO BCH MOST >KH3Hb TaK H AOJI>KHa npOIiTH
B 3TOIi O1[HHOKOcI rJIyLnH H 6eCHOKOHHOIi TOCKe, H3 KOTOPOH A
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BHe 3TOrO, CJIOBO He o6pa3yeT C fJIarOJIOM CBA3aHHoro CO-
t;eTaHHH H HO3TOMyBbICTynaeT B npe.JIO>KeHHH KaK OTAeJIbHbIIi ero
gIJIeH.
3) IIepeaaBas B npeIJIO]KeHHH pa3JIHtIHble o6CTO5ITeJIbCTBeH-
Hble HJIH o6-beKTHo-o66CTOATeJIbCTBeHHble 3HageHHA, CJIOBO >
MO}KeT B CBOIO Otlepeab HMeTb npm ce6e yTOtI,HAIOLuHe gjieHbi. Ha-
JIHtIHe 3THX yTOtIHAK>IUHX t;JIeHOB (O6CT05ITeJIbCTB HJIH O'6CTOBTeJIb-
CTBeHHbIX AOHOJIHeHHIi) yKa3bIBaeT B CBOIO ogepejjb Ha TO, EITO
CJIOBO > B npeAJIO}KeHHH BbICTynaeT KaK caMOCTOATeJIbHbIH
e'ro tIJIeH.
HanpHMep:
KeT BbICTynaTb B npe1Jlo>KeHHH B
KageCTBe o6CTOATeJIbCTBa B pAAy OAHOpO)JHbIx.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HainpHMep:
. (A. II Y In K H H). B COCTaBe npeAJlo}KeHHH MO}KeT OTHO-
CHTbCH B PYCCKOM H3blKe K rJiarOJly, K cyuJeCTBHTeJIbHOMy H K Me-
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CKH 3aBHCHT OT Cyu.LeCTBHTeJIbHOTO HJIH McCTOHMeHHH, COrJIaCyHCb
C HHM. OTHeCeHHOCTb CJIOBa K riiaro iy HJIH CyU eCTBHTeJIb-
HOMy onpeAeJIHeTCSI npe3KAe BCero nOpHAKOM CJIOB.
Pa3JIH'IHble 3HatieHHH, OTMe'IaeMble B CJIOBe >, B03HH-
Ka1OT B onpeAeJieHHbIX cOTIeTaHHHX H B 3Ha'iHTeJIbHOi3 Mepe o6yc-
JIOBJIeHbl TeM CJIOBOM, K KOTOpOMY OTHOCHTCSI CJIOBO 2 H B pa6oTe B. H. CyXOTHHa 443 Ma-
TepHaJIOB no CHHTaKCHYeCKO1i CHHOHHMHH B PYCCKOM H3bIKe* 3, a
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nP000B CHHTaKCHhIeCKOIi CHHOHHMHH; IO9TOMy B HaCTomuef CTaTbe
H HeT HeO6XOAHMOCTH OCTaHaBJIHBaTbCSI Ha HCTOPHH H3y'IeHHH
B AaHHOH pa60Te He npeAriOJlaraeTCH peuieHHe 60JIbnIHX o6-
II[HX BOfPOCOB CHHTaKCHgeCKOH CHHOHHMHH, a CTaBHTC$1 60Jiee
y3Kaf 3aAatla - npOBeCTH Ha6Ji1OneHHH HaJ[ KOHCTPyKI.[H'SIMH C
noJjuIe)KaI4HMH, Bblpa}KeHHbIMH B OAHOM CJiyaae OTrJIaroJIbHbIM
HMeHeM CymeCTBHTeJIbHbIM, a B ApyroM HH(4HHHTHBOM, onpeAe-
JIHTb rpaMMaTMeCKHe yCJIOBHSI, n03BOJI5uOI1 He CLIHTaTb 9TH (pop-
MbI BbIpa}KeHHH noAJIe}KaAjero CHHOHHMHgIHbIMH, BbIHBHTb o6iuee
H OTIeJIbHOe B 9THX CHHOHHMHqeCKHX KOHCTpyKUHSIX H YHCHHTb HX
CTHJIHCTHUIeCKyIO pOJIb.
0 CHHTaKCH9eCKON CHHOHHMHH
KpaTKO OCTaHOBHMCH Ha HCXOAHbIX nOJIO)KeHHHX B noHHMa-
HHH CHHTaKCHTieCKOii CHHOHHMHH, H3 KOTOphIX, KaK HaM Ka)KeTCSI,
Hy3KHO H'CXOAHTb 11PH Ha6JnoAeHHH H KJIaCCH'(4HKaUHH MaTepHaiia.
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rJIa3OMy napHIO. (nepBeHueB, OrH. 3eMJiH) 1.
npeAno TeHHe onpelieJIeHHO - JIHIIHOMy OZ[HOCOCTaBHOMy
npeuu1o)KeHH1o OTaaAHM'B TOM CJIy'Iae, KorAa o6paluaeM BHHMaHHe
Ha .AeHCTBHe, a He Ha JIHUO.
CHHOHHMHiLeCKHMH MoryT 6bITb TOJIbKO Te KOHCTpyKuHH, KO-
TOpble 3aKJIKI1qaIOT H o61uee 'H OTAeJIbHoe B CBOeM JieKCHgeCKOM H
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HbIX CHHOHHMH'IeCKHX CJIOBocogeTaHHAX, H3 KOTOPbIX OAHO 6ec-
npeAJIO}KHoe, a Apyroe c npeAJioroM, - Knp'HHeC Te6e.0 H KnpHHeC
AJIH Te6x> - BbIpa}KH1OTC5I o6'beKTHble OTHOIIIeHHSI, HO BMeCTe
C TeM ueJIeBOIi npel(Jlor KAJISIN BHOCHT OTTeHOK BbIAe.IHTeJlbHOCTH,
noA3epKHBaeT, KOMY HMeHHO OKa3aHO oco6oe BHHMaHHe. HJIH elue
npHMep - K,aIOT pa6oTaTb - 3Ha4HT Haao pa60TaTb> (B. BaCH-
JIeBCKaSi, PeKH rOpsIT) H (JalOT pa6oTy - 3H'a'IHT Halo pa6o-
TaTb) 2. 061UHM B CJIOBocogeTaHHHX KAaIOT pa60TaTb> H KAaIOT
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HHH, TO B CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHH - AaIOT pa60TaTb - H rOBOPHTC51 0
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B TeX CJlyliaslx, KOI'Aa CTHpaeTCH pa3JIH'IHe B 3Ha'IeHHHX
Mex(Ay CHHOHHMH'IeCKHMH KOHCTPYKUHHMH, TO OAHa H3 (4OpM
AOJI)KHa YCTynHTb McCTO JLpyrOli, BbIiiTH H3 aKTHBHOrO 3anaca.
HanpHMep, ueJlesble OTHOUleHHH 'aCTO Bblpa)KaloTCA B 'COBpeMeH-
HOM JIHTCpaTYPHOM H3bIKe CJIOBOCo'IeTaHHeM rJlaroJla ABH)KeHHH
H HH()HHHTHBa, Torl[a KaK B I(peBHepyCCKOM 513bIKe AJISI BbIUOJIHe-
HHSI 3TOii (TyHKUHH HCUOJIb3OBaJIC5I CynHH 3. HaH60JIee yCTOFi'IH-
fIpHMep H3 CnoBapsi coBpeMenaoro pyccxoro JHTepaTypHoro a3bIKa.
1N3A. AKali. HayK CCCP.
2 IIpHMepbi B cKO6xax Aa)6mi Anse cpaBHeHHH.
3 c3aMexy 4IOpM CynHHa (xopMaMH HH(HHHHTHBa Mbi BCTPetlaeM yx(e B
ApeBHe IIHHX pyCCKHX naMHTHHKaX, TeM He McHee eiue B naMHTHHKaX XV B.
paCnpOCTpaHeHO ynOTpe6neHHe CynHHa). B. H. B O p K O B C K H 11. CHH,TaKCHC
ApeBHepyccKHx rpaMOT, 1949,r., cTp. 336.
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 II
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BbIM SIBJISIeTCH TOT BapHaH'T, KOTOpbIXI rJly6x(e nepejaeT nOHSITHe
O npeJ[MeTe, KagieCTBe, CBOIiCTBe.
O6ujee B CHHTaKCH4eCKOH CHHOHHMHH 06yCJIOBJIeHO o61IjHO-
CTbIO co1[ep}KaHHH H Ha3Ha1qeHHH B H3bIKe me3Kr y CJIOBocogeTaHH-
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HbIX OTHOIUeHHi3 - > (IIyIUKHH), (Ho
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HOCHTeJIbHbI B CJIOBoo6pa3oBaHHH, HanpHMep, 6opOTbCH 3a MHp -
6opb6a 3a MHp; KHHra CeCTpbl - ceCTpHHa KHHra.
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HbI pa3JIH4HbIMH rpaMMaTH4eCKHMH KaTeropHHMH, 4)opMaMH. B
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JIJIH KOTOpbIX XapaKTepHbI CMbICJIopa3JIH4HTeJIbHble, a HHorJja H
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CHHOHHMH4eCKHe OTHoiueHHH MOryT Bblpax{aTbCH KaK rJIaB-
HbIMH 4JIeHaMH npeJLJIO}KeHHH, TaK H BTOpOCTeneHHbIMH. TaK KaK
noji.iexcaiiiee H CKa3yemoe 6ojiee Mop(j oJiorH3HpoBaHbl NO CpaBHe- I
HHIO CO BTOPOCTeneHHbIMH 4JIeHaMH npe.vIO)KeHHH, TO y rJIaBHbIX
4JIeHOB B03MO}KHOCTH CHHOHHMH4eCKHX 3aMeH 6oJiee orpaHH4eHbI.
13 Bcex pa3H0o6pa3HbIX (~Op.M Bblpax{eHHH no ie}Kanjero HH(pH-
HHTHB MO}KeT HaXOJ[HTbCH B CHHOHHMH4eCKHX OTHOIJJ HHHX TOJIbKO
C HMeHHTeJIbHbIM najje}KOM OTrJIaro.lbuoro a6CTpaKTHoro cylue-
CTBHTeJIbHoro. CnOCO6HOCTb HHH()HHHTHBa 'BbICTynaTb B 3Ha4eHHH
IIoJ[JIe}Kaujero MO}KHO C4HTaTb ceH4ac yxce nPH3HaHHOI3 B ,JIHH-
rBHCTH4eCKOI3 JIHTepaType 1, XOTH HH(pHHHTHB, KaK HaM ayMaeTCH,
I Pa3JIH4Hbie MHeHHH pYCCKHX JIHHFBHCTOB 0 B03MONKHOCTH HH4)HHHTHBa
6bITb HOJZJIe}Kau&BM B npeJIJ1OxceHHH KpaTKO H3JI03KeHbI B MoeFI CTaTbe K06 OT-
rpaHH4eHHH He3aBHCHMOro HH(IHHHTHBa OT 3aBHCHMOro>> B Y9eHbIX 3aIIHCKaX
Ka4ejlpbl PyCCKOrO l3bIKa MrnI, BbIHyCK 6, M., 1956 r., tTp. 85.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246A059800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BHOCHT B STOM caytiae CBOIO cneuHcpHKy, BblpawaIOLUyIOCH B BHae
HeKOTOpOrO OTTeHKa MOaaJIbHOCTH.
MHCf HHHTHB B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM JIHTepaTypHOM H3bIKe
yKa3bIBaeT Ha 3HatieHHe aeHCTBHH - npouecca, a OTrJIarOJlbHOe
CylueCTBHTeJIbHOe Ha3bIBaeT aeiiCTBHe B ero OnpeJLMetIeHHOM Bnae.
HHC)HHHTHB, o6JIaaaT KaTeropHHMH BHaa, 3aJiora, nepeXOaHOCTH,
XapaKTepH3yeT aBH)KeHHe, npouecc aeACTBH51, a OTrJIarOJlbxoe
CyLueCTBHTeJIbHOe KaTerOpHS1MH naae}Ka, poaa H gHcjia oTMeuaeT
npeJLMeTHOCTb JLeiiCTBHH. I4H4)HHHTHB aaMKe B po in nO,i[Jie}Kan],ero
Bblpa%eT MOaaJIbHble OTHOLIIeHHH, TOrj[a KaK OTrJIarOJIbHOe cylue-
CTBHTeJIbHOe KOHCTaTnpyeT, Ha3bIBaeT (paKTbl.
BocneBaTb OTBary H BeJIHKMfI J(yX Hamm Hapoaa H 6Htie-
BaTb, 6ecnoiuaaHO 6H'CBaTb Bce CTOHIILee Ha ero nyTH C TaKOii we
CTpaCTbIO H CHJIOii, KaK 3T0 JLe.IaJI roroJlb, - BOT rJIaBHa1 3aJLaua
COBeTCKHX nHcaTeJIeA, MKHBOii BeHOK ero CBeTJIoI3 IIaMSITH KI43Be-
CTH5I>.
143 3T'oc nyTaHnubl, pa3apO6JIeHH5I H HenOnyJIHPHOCTH HeMua
rJIaBHOKOMaHayiouiero... BbITeKaeT HepeUIHTeJIbHOCTb H H36era-
HHC cpaMKeHHH. (JI. TOJICTOIi).
B CJIOBoco4eTaHHHX, rae rOCIIOaCTBy1OU HM tIJIeHOM BBJISIeTCH
HHCf)HHHTHB HJIH OTrJIarOJIbHoe cyuLeCTBHTeJIbHoe, npH ynpaBJle-
HHH BeayIILHM CJIOBOM 3aBHCHMoro, MOryT 6bITb BbIpa)Ke'HbI
o6,beKTHble, 06CTOHTeJIbCTBeHHbie H onpeaeJIHTeJIbHo-o6CTOHTeJIb-
CTBeHHbie OTHOIIIeHHH: Ha6JIIOaaTb 3a paCTCHHHMH - Ha6JIIOaeHHH
3a paCTeHHHMH; nPOryJIHBaTbCH yTPOM - nporyJiKa yTpOM; 3HaTb
no naMHTH - 3HaHHe no IIaMHTH. Ho HHCPHHHTHB He MOMKeT HMeTb
npH ce6e corJiaco aHHoro onpej(eJIeHHH, 4ITO TaK THIIHtiHO JLJIH Cy-
IueCTBHTeJIbHOrO C KOHKpeTHbIM 3HatleHHeM H XOTH peace, HO BHOJI-
He B03MOMKHO H npH OTrJIarOJIbHOM HMeHH cyLueCTBHTeJlbHOM.
...npHBbIHHoe CO3HaHHe CBOero npeBOCXOLCTBa Hall ,ILeTbMH
CTPaCTHO CJIHBaJIOCb c apyrHM tIyBCTBOM, 6JIH3KHM yB weHHIO K
HHM (rOpbKHi3, MaTb).
HH(4HHHTHB no CpaBHeHH1O C OTrJIarOJIbHbIM HMeHeM cyiue-
CTBHTeJIbHbIM CPaBHHTeJIbHO HeJLaBHO CTaJI yrIOTpe6JISITbCH B pOJIH
noJLJIeBcaiuero. IIO Ha6JIIOaeHHHM B. H. BopKOBCKOro HH4)HHHTHB
B pOJIH noJLJIeMKaluero a0 XVI BCKa B naMBTHHKaX apeBHepyCCKOFO
H3bIKa He BCTpetiaeTCH 1. YnOTpe6JleHne HHCJHHHTHBa B CPYHKUHH
nojLJieMKaluero CBHJLeTeJIbCTByeT 0 pa3BHTHH H COBepLIIeHCTBOBa-
HHH 'IeJIOBetieCKOrO MbI1HJIeHHH H rpaMMaTHtleCKOI'O CTpOH H3b1Ka,
HOTOMY tiTO JLJIH COBpeMeHHOrO pa3BHTHH tleJIOBetieCKoro MbILIIJIe-
HHH XapaKTepHa 6oJIbJIIa1 CTeneHb a6cTpaKunH.
B. M. JIeHHH yKa3bIBaeT, 4TO MbIIIIJIeHHe BCBOeM pa3BHTHH
BOCXOAHT OT KOHKpeTHOI'O K a6CTpaKTHOMy, OTpaMKaH B HaytmbIX
I W. >, Ne 1, 1952 r., B. H. B O P K 0 B C K H x,
HCTOpH9eCKHe CnpaBKH HO CHHTaKCHCY PYCCKOFO H3b!Ka).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 II
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
rIOHHTHAX OKpyacaIOIuylo aefICTBHTeJIbHOCTb rJly6HCe, BepHee, noJi
Hee 1.
Oco6eHHOCTb HHI)HHHTHBa 3aKJn04aeTCA B HOMHHaTHBHOM
3HageHHH ero, OH TaK we, KaK H HMeHHTeJIbHbIFi naAex( CyIueCTBH-
TeJIbHOrO B CJIOBape BbICTynaeT npeACTaBHTeJIeM Bcex pOACTBeH-
HbIX 43opM. I4H4)HHHTHB HBJIAeTCH rJIaroJIbHbIM HMeHeM, Ha3BaHH-
eM ripouecca, HMeHHTeJlbHbIIj naAe)K cyIueCTBHTeJIbHoro TO}Ke AB-
JIAeTCA Ha3BanxeM npeJLMeTa.
CpaBHeHHe POJIH HH(3HHHTHBa H OTriiarojlbaoro cyIueCTBH-
TeJIbHOrO HPHBOJLHT K BbIBOAy 0 TOM, TO HeJIb351 CgHTBTb To)KAe-
CTBeHHbIMH HH43HHHTHB H OTrJIarOJIbHoe cyiaeCTBHTeJIbHoe HH B
HX 3Ha'IeHHH, HH B rpaMMaTHgeCKHX 4)yHKuHAX, XOTA Me)KAY HHMH
H MHOrO o61uero, a HOBT'OMY paccMaTpHBaeMble KaTeropHH H MO-
ryT Bblpa}KaTb CHHOHHMH4eCKHe OTHOIUeHHA, HaxoAACb B POJIH
rJIaBHOro 4JIeHa npeAJlo}KeHHA - noAJie}KauLero. tO6eCne4HTb
16e3onaCHOCTb HapOAOB - TaKOBa ueJlb MHJIJIHOHOB JnoAeH))
(rlpaBAa). (O6ecne4eHHe 6e30naCHOCTH HapoILOB - TaKOBa
ueJib MHJIJIHOHOB JIIOAex).
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CHHOHHMH4eCKHX OTHOIneHHI Me)KAy HH4IHHHTHBOM
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1. -OOPMA BbIPA)KEHH$I CKA3YEMOrO
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BaTeJIbHO, H 3aMeHa ero OTTJIarOJIbHbIM cynjeCTBHTeJIbHbIM MO)KeT
6bITb TOJIbKO I1pH 9THX yCJIOBHAX.
rlpH nOAJIe}KaujeM, Bblpa}KeHHbIM HH(3HHHTHBOM, CKa3yeMoe
tiaCTO 6bIBaeT HMeHHbIM: HH(3HHHTHBy, He HMeIOULeMy KaTerOpHH
JIH'ua, B POJIH nOAJI'e}KanLero mpyAHO BXOAHTb B CO4eTaHHe C JrHRI-
HbIMH (3OpMaMH rJlarojla, B OCO6eHHOCTH C (3OpMaMH I H II JIHua,
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CpaaHeHHIO CIII-M JIHILOM rJlarojla.
- (FOpbKHI3).
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Ha oco60H HHTOHaUHH, OTAeJISIloluel3 npenO3HTHBHbIFi HH4)HHHTHB,
KOTOpbIH SIBJISieTC5I noJLJlexcaluHM> 1.
rlpo(4eccop A. H. FB03)ieB ctlaTaeT, LiTO BOnpOC CpelllaeTcH
Ha OCHOBe o6t erO 3Ha'eHHSl npejLJio}KeHHH: Tax, B npHMepe H3
M. IOpbKOrO 6e3yCJIOBHO yTBepHc11aeTCB, LITO )KH3Hb Ha 3eMJIe
HBJIHeTCH 60JIbIIIHM yjLOBOJIbCTBHeM3D 2. CJIeAOaaTe.nbHO, noAJle}I(a-
mee C)KHTb> CTOHT Ha BTOpOM McCTe.
rlpo(peccop THMO(peeB K. A. rosopwT: (H3BeCTHSI).
6) YHOTpe6JisIeTCSI HHipHHHTHB B pOJIH nOJJIe Kaluero Co CKa-
3yeMbIM, BbIpa}KeHHbIM npeAHKaTHBHbIM CJIOBOM Ha >, KOTOpOe
CTOHT Ha nyTH K 6e3JIH'IHbIM CJIO'BaM H CKJIOHHO BbIpa}KaTb MO-
AaJlbHble 3HatleHHSI.
. Ho c apyroH CTOpOHbI, ryJISITb
((DaueeB, MOJioAasi rBapAHSI).
(Ho c apyrofl CTOpOHbI, ryJISIHHe
ice 3anpeu4eico).
CHHOHHMHgeCKHe OTHOIJ1 HHSI HeCKOJIbKO HapynialoTc5i IIpH
3aMeHe HHq)HHHTHBa OTrJIar'OJIbHbIM CyIIieCTBHTeJIbHbIM }KeHCKOrO
poua, nOTOMy tiTO nO,ILJIe}KaLUee H CKa3yeMoe, BblpaaceHHble d)Op-
MaMH }KeHCKOFO poaa, BHOCHT B npeAJ10}KeHHe 60JIbIIIyIO KOHKpeT-
HOCTb co Lep)KaHHS1.
KPa6OTaTb- TpyOKO>>.
cYCTaJI OH, pa6oTa Tpydtca>> (HexpacoB).
H }KH3Hb xopotua, H ]KHTb XOpOILIO.D (MaHKOBCKHH).
B) B pOJIH CKa3yeMOro npH HHipHHHTHBe-nOAJIe}KauieM MoryT
ynoTpe6JISITbCSI rJIaroJIbI C MOAaJIbHbIM 3HatleHHeM.
(YLIHTeJIbCKa$I
ra3eTa).
flocpeACTBOM Cy( 4HKCa > H npOH3BOAHoro Cy(J4)HKCa
4cTeJIbCTB-o)9 OT rJIaroJlbHbIX OCHOB o6pa3yIOTCSI HMeHa CylijeCTBH-
TeJIbHble CpeAHero pO1[a, Ha3bIBaIOIljHe AeFICTBHe.
BMeIIIaTbCH - 6biJIO Heo6XoAHMO.
B'MeIIiaTeJIbCTBO - 6bIJIO HeO6XOAHMO.
OT rJlaroJlbHbix OCHOB o6pa3yIOTCSI HMeHa CyLIeCTBHTeJIbHbie
x(eHCKOrO pojja, o603HagalOIIXHe npOljeCC, AeiiCTBHe, C Cy4)4)HKCa-
MH: KKb (Bapxa - BapHTb), XOT>> (naXOTa - naxaTb), a6>>
(Apyxc6a-Apy}KHTb), (YqHTeJlbCKasI ra-,
3eTa).
I C6. cTarerl 4iccneaoBaHHa no CHHTaxcacy pyccxoro nHTepaTypxoro
93wKa). M., 1956 r., cTp. 143.
2 Tam we, CTp. 142.
3 Tam ?Ke, CTp. 142-143.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
(IIo BTOPOMY BapxaHTy ygge6Horo nJlaxa npejUloJlaraeTCSI
H3yveHHe B 5-x KJlaccax j[peBHero MHpa...).
Ecru >Ke CJIOBOCO'LeTaHHH He OzHHaKOBble, eCJIH HH4)HHHTHB
HJIH HMeHHTeJIbHbIH naJ(exc HMeHH cyn eCTBHTeJIbHOrO HMeeT npH
ce6e TaKHe 3aBHCHMble CJIOBa, KOTOpble MOryT BXORHTb B CJIOBOCO-
qeTaHHSI HJIH TOJIbKO C rJIaro.IbHbIMH (pOpMaMH (j[eenpH4aCTHe),
HJIH TOJIbKO C CyLIjeCTBHTeJIbHbIMH (npHJlaraTedlbHble), TO 3aMeHa
KOHCTpyKUHI1 He B03MrKHa.
Ke, KaK H JIeKCHLIeCKHe
CHHOHHMbl CIIOCO6CTByIOT Bblpa>KeHHIO TOHKHX RH4Xj epeHuHpo-
BaHHbIX 3HageHHI3, pa3Hoo6pa35IT H yKpauIaIOT SI3bIK, 'ITO CBSI3aHO
C yrOTpe6JIeHHeM HX B pa3HbIX CTHJISIX JIHTepaTypHOro 5I3bIKa.
0 CTHJIHCTH~IeCKOH pOJIH OTrJIarOJIbHbIX CyLL(eCTBHTeJIbHbIX a6-
CTpaKTHOI'O 3Ha'-IeHHSI B JIHHrBHCTH4eCKOl3 JIHTepaType MHOro HH-
TepeCHbIX H L(eHHbIX BbICKa3bIBaHHH. ConoCTaBJISIH 3Ha4eHH5I Cy())-
4 HKCOB H TI. A. ByJiaXOBCKHH nHLueT: KJ[y HHMH Tenepb 'leTKaSI 3MOUHOHaJIbHaH
pa3HHUa: - HHe - XapaKTepHO j[JISI CJIOB KHH?KHbIX, CYXHX H TOp-
xKeCTBeHHbIX, - Hbe - aim pa3rOBOpHbIX HJIH ByJIbrapHbIX: x{e-
JIaHHe, HCKaHbe, JIeLIeHHe (cp. 60Jiee npOCTble: )KeJIaHbe, HCKaHbe,
JIe'Ienbe, HO Bpaxbe, )Kpaxbe). Te xce OTHOUIeHHH npH - THe, -
Tbe: 6bITHe, )KHTHe H 6blTbe', KHTbe> 1.
B pa6oTax B. H. CyxoTHHa 2 H A. K. EI)HMOBa 3 npMBOjI.HTCH
MHeHH5I pyCCKHX JIHHI'BHCTOB 0 3Ha'IeHHH H pOJIH B $I3bIKe OTrJIa-
rOJIbHbIX cylueCTBHTeJIbHbIX, aHaJIH3HpyIOTCA HHTepeCHble npHMe
I Kypc pyCCKoro JIHTepaTypHoro H3bIKa. KHeB, 1949 r., CTp. 112.
2 B. 11. C y X O T H H, 143 MaTepHaJIOB HO CHHTaKCH9eCKON CHHOHHMHKe.
C6. cTaTe13 HCcJIeJ(OBaHHH HO CHHTHKCHCy pyCCKOrO JIHTCpaTypHOrO H3bmKa, M.,
,11956 r., cTp. 30-32.
3 A. H. E 4 H M o B, CTHJIHCTHKa Xy LO)KeCTBeHH01i pevH. M., 1957 r.,
cTp. 323-325.
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 ! .
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
pbl H yKa3b&BBIOTCAr c(pepbi npHMeHeHH51 KOHCTPYKUHH, HacbinleH-
HbIX OTrJIarOJIbHbIMH cyUJeCTBHTeJIbHbIMH. 9TH aaHHbie H 6yayT
ygHTbIBaTbCSI HaMH npH CQIIOCTaBJIeHHH KOHCTPYKUSII1 C 'IIH()HHH-
THBOM H OTrJIaroJlbabIM CyIIZeCTBHTeJlbHbIM B pOJIH noAJlex(aiuero.
,1JIA BbIpa%eHHA MOAaJIbHorO 3HaxieHHH npHKa3aHHA, nose
JIeHHH HH(~HHHTHB HBJIHeTCH caMOH SIpKOI3 (f OpMOIi H3 BceX KaTero-
pHH rnaro.na. CM. HaAnHCH Ha CTeKJIaX ABepeli BarOHOR McTpo.
He MeuraliTe BXOAy H BbIxOAy. He np}ICJIOHATbCA.
O6JIaAaA HeorpaHHxiexxblMH B03MO}KHOCTSrMH AJIA Bbipa)Ke-
HHSI MOAaJIbHOCTH, HH4)HHHTHB aa)Ke B pOJIH noAJie)KauUer0 BbI-
nOJIHAeT AO HeKTcpOH CTeneHH 9Ty 4)YHKUH1O1. 3adatieCl 3adat
cerOAHA RBJzRBTCSI CABH lyTb c MepTBOIi TOIIKH Aeno pa3opywe-
HH9 (flpaBAa OT 28/I 1959 r.).
OTTeHKH B 3HaT4eHHH HH(}HHHTHBa-nOAJiexcauiero H ero
CTHJIHCTH'IeCKa5I POJIb B 3HamHTeJIbHOIi M'epe onpe.L eJ1snorcA CKa-
3yeMbIM B npeAJiO}KeHHH, C KOTOpbIM HH{HHHTHB 'yIIOTpe6JIHeTCH.
TaK, HanpHMep, npH rJiaro.tax K3anpeutaeresl3,, axe pa3pe
maeTCHO B pOJIH no.1 Jie)Kanjero o6bzqHb yn0Tpe6JISieTCH HH(4HHH-
THB, a He OTrjlarOJIbHoe CKa3yeMoe.
>, aHe pa3peulaeTCSi>,
eme H nOTOMY, 'ITO B CO'IeTaHHH C HH4)HHHTHBOM pe3lle Bblpa-
x{aeTCA MOAaJIbHoe 3Ha1qeHHe, T. e. Ap2le BbIIIOJIHAeTCA ()YHKUHH
3TOrO npej.I03KeHHA.
t CM. MOK) CTaTb1O CQ() OTrpaHHieeHHH He3aBHCHMOrO HHOH'HHTHsa OT
3aBHCH:MOrom. Y4eHbie 3arHCKH Ka4)e1Ipbt pyCCKGr0 sabixa Ml-rIH
H!M. B. H. JieHHHa, 1956 r., Bbtn. 6.
2 CJIOBapb coBpeMeHHoro pyccxoro x3bgKa. AH CCCP, 1956, T. V.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
0
, (AxcaeB).
(OceTpoB).
IIpeAJI0 KeHHH, rae o6a rJIBBHble tlJleHbI npeAJloxceHHH npeA-
CTaBJIeHbI HH(pHHHTHBaMH, CKa3yeMoe Bblpa}KaeT cpaBHeHHe, TO
o6ycJIOBJIHBaeT HenpHHy)KAeHHOCTb, apOCTOTy, CBOHCTBeHHylo pa3-
IOBOpHOMy CTHJIIO.
WHTb KOCTIOM H3 HeaeKaTHPOBaHHOH TKaHH - BCe pa8-
HO, tITO MaCTepUTb CTyJI H3 TOJIbKO 'ITO Cpy6JIeHHOH
ApeBeCHHbI K. OrOHeK).
OUeHHTb TaKOe nPOH3BeaeHHe 3HaKUT 0LeHUTb caMoro
fO3Ta BO BCeM o6'beMe erO TBoptleCKOH AeHTeJlbHOCTH (Se-
JIHHCHHH).
KOHetIHO, AJIH OnpeaeJIeHHH CTHJIHCTHgeCKOR pOJIH TOR HJIH
HHOR KOHCTpyKUHH HY)KHO ytIHTbIBaTb KOHTeKCT, HO peulalouiaH
pOJIb BCe-TaKH OCTaeTCH 3a noAJlexcaluHM H CKa3yeMbIM, KaK opra-
HH3y1OuiHMH ueHTpaMH npeAJIO}KeHHH: He MO}KeT 6bITb noAJlexca-
uiee CJIOBOM KHH)KHOr0 5l3bIKa H Bce npeT.no}KeHHe KHH}KHbIM, eCJIH
CKa3yeMoe BbIpa}KeHO CyLUeCTBHTeJIbHbIM C npeHe6pe?KHTeJIbHbIM
Cy(}(pHKCOM .
> - CKa-
3aJi KPOKOAHJI (}K. KpOKOAHJI).
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HbIM CyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIM B POJIH noAJleNKauiero H COfOCTaBHTb HX
B CTHJIHCTH'IeCKOM nJlaHe, TO Hy}KHO CKa3aTb, 'TO npeAJIO)KeHHH C
HH(IHHHTHBOM-nOAJleacauiHM tlaiue BcerO HeiTpaJIbHbI B CTHJIH-
CTHtIeCKOM OTHOIIIeHHH HJIH MOT HMeTb HeKOTOPylo OKpauleH-
HOCTb pa3rOBOpHorO HJIH KHH}KHOFO CTHJIH - npeAJlo)KeHHH we c
OTrJIarOJIbHbIM cylueCTBHTeJIbHbIM B pOJIH noAJlexcaluero xapaK-
TepHbl AJIH KHH)KHOrO H3bIKa.
IlpeuJ1O}KeHHH C HH(13HHHTHBOM-noAJIe}KaLuHM no6y}KAaIOT
K AeRCTBHK), aKTHBHOCTH, ueJleHaHpaBJIeHHOCTH, B 0cO6eHHOCTH,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
ecJIH noJLJiexcauuee Bb1pa7KeHO MH(j3HHHTHBOM )ieHCTBHTeJlbxorO 3a-
Jtora.
COeJr;HHHTb rJIy6HHy o6o6aleHH% OrpOMHbIii 3MOH 3OHaJib-
Hbili 3apga CO CTpeMHTeJIbHbIMH PHTMaMH Cero,AHiuHHeH )KH3-
HH H BOnJIOTHTh BCe 9TO B SICHOIi peaJIHCTHqeCKOH cOpMe -
COT nyTb, 80T peulekue npo6JIeMbII> (HapOAHbII3 XyJlO}K-
HHK H. H. )KyKOB).
CHHOHHMH,qeCKac 3aMeHa BO3MO}KHa B 3TOM npeAJIO}KeHHH,
KaK H BO MHOrHX JjpyrHX TaKOrO THna.
(CoeJUIHeHHe rJIy6HHbI o6o61ueHHH, OrpOMHOrO 3MOIZHOHaJIb-
HOro 3apuua CO CTpeMHTeJIbHbIiM PHTMOM Cer0JLHSIIUHeI3 }KH3HH H
BonJlouteHHe BCero BTorO B SICHOII peaJIHCTHqeCKOIi (JopMe - 80T
nyTb, SOT pecueHue npo6JleMbl).
*`r1 CHHOHHMHMeCKHe KOHCTPYKIIHH pa3JIHlqHbI B BbIpa}KeHHH
Cy6'beKTHbIX OTHoineHHii: eCJIH npeJ(JIO}KeHHe C OTrJIarOJIbHbIM Cy-
LUeCTBHTeJIbHbIM KOHCTaTHpyeT I)aKT, TO HH(JHHHTHB-no)LJIe)KaLL[ee
yKa3blBaeT, zITO KOCBeHHbIH Cy6'beKT J[OJI}KeH HJIH MO}KeT BbInOJI-
HHTb J(eflCTBHe, Ha3BaHHOe HH(1)HHHTHBOM.
HpeJWiO}KeHHH C HH(4JHH'HTHBOM-HOAJIe)KaLI.[HM BCTpe'IaIOTCSI
ropa3J[O pe}Ke, '-IeM npewio}KeHHSI, B KOTOpbix nOJ[Jiexcauxee Bblpa-
)KeHO OTrJIarOJIbHbIM Cya eCTBHTeJlbHbIM; o6-b5ICHHeTCH 3T0, MHe
J[yMaeTCu, TeM, TITO, BO-nepBblX, HH4JHHHTHB He MO}KeT 6bITb nOJj-
JIe}KaMHM npH CKa3yeMOM, Bblpa}KeHHMM JIHLIHbIMH OpMaMH rJia-
ro is (a 3T0 Be)jb oCHOBHaSi, caMaSi pacnpoCTpaHeHHaSI (4opMa
BbIpa)KeHH1 CKa3yeMoro), BO-BTOpbIX, TeM, 'ITO npH HOMOHJH HH-
4)HHHTHBa KaK rJlaroJlbHOK 4OpMbI He BCeraa Bo3MO}KHO nepeAaTb
3HaLIeHHe nowie}Kanlero H, B-TpeTbHX, TeiM, 'ITO HH(4HHHTHB no
CpaBHeHH1O C OTrJIarOJIbHbIM CylueCTBHTeJlbHb1M HeRaBHO CTaJI
ynoTpe6JISITbCSI B POJ1H noj[Jiexcauiero.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
I II
0. R. MHTPOMAHOBA.
npOH3BOAHMHX OCHOB:
1. HeAecf opMHpOBaHHbie
2. yce4eHHbie OCHOBbl;
3. CBSI3aHHble OCHOBbi.
HEKOTOPbIE MOP4 OJIOrHgECKHE HPOIjECCbI B JIH4-
HbIX COSCTBEHHbIX HMEHAX- C CY40HKCAMH
cCYSbEKTHBHOR OIjEHKHi B COBPEMEHHOM PYC-
CKOM A3bIKE.
JIHIgHble co6CTBeHHble HMexa c cy(p()HKcaMH cy6-beKTHBHOri
OUeHKH npeACTaBJISIK)T co6OIi CBOe06pa3HbIIi pa3p5Ijj 3MOIgHOHaJIb-
HO-O1 eHOgHbIX HMeH cya eCTBHTeJIbHbIX, OTJIHgaioa HIicsI geJIb!M
pHAOM oco6eHHOCTeIi. CBoeo6pa3He (pOpM KCy6,beKTHBHOH oijeH-
KH> JIHqHbIX Co6CTBefHbIX HMeH pacxpbraaeTcH npex(Ae B-cero B
npOH3BOASIIZeH OCHOBe, rAe Ha6JnoAaeTCH 6oJIbHIaH H3OIgpeH-
HOCTb, npH4yaJIHBOCTb 3ByKOBbIX BHAOH3MeHeHHH H COKpaMeHH(i.
O-BTOpbIX, B o6pa3OBaHHH (tOpM OCHOBbI, Kor-
Aa OAHH H3 Cy("HKCOB CTaHOBHTC l npHHaAJIe}KHOCTbIO OCHOBbI,
6JIaroAapsl TIeMy npOH3BOAHaSI OCHOBa BocnpHHHMaeTCo KaK H,e-
npoH3BOAHasI, HJIH cBoero poAa ~Konpou eHHe> cy4x HKcanbxbIx
Mop(peM, npHBOASIujee K o6pa3oBaHHlo CJIO)KHbIX Cy(p(pHKCOB
4YCy6'beKTHBHOSi oueHKH> Ha 6a3e COCTaBHbIX.
IZeJib AaHHOIH CTaTbH - yCTaHOBHTb, n0 B03MO)KHOCTH, OCHOB-
Hbie CTpyKTyp'Hble THnbI npOH3BOAHuIHX OCHOB B JIHqHbIX CO6CTBeH-
HbIX HMeHaX C CY44HKCaMH KCy6'beKTHBHOIi ogeHKH>>, OXapaKTepH-
30BaTb 3ByKOBOIi COCTaB Ba}KHeiu1HX CJIO>KHbIX CY44HKCOB Cy6i -
eKTHBHOIi OUeHKH, O(4OpMHBIHHXCH y)Ke Ha 6a3e COBpeMeHHOCO
pyCCKoro SI3bIKa, H OnpeAeJIHTb Kpyr B03MO)KHbIX 3HageHHIi 4 OpM
C 3THMH Cy4 0KcaMH.
Ha6JIIOAeHHH HaA MHOr006pa3HeM 3MOgHOHaJIbHO-o eHOgHbIX
JIHgHbwX co6CTBeHHbIX HMeH n03BOJISIIOT BHOJIHe onpeaeJreHHO H no-
CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO BbIAeJIHTb c.ieAylouiHe o6u. oe CTpyKTypHbie THnbI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Hei e(opMHpoBaHHble OCHOBbI HaH6oJlee npocTbl n0 CBOeMy
COCTaBy H Ha'nOMHHaIOT npOH3BOA5IHIHe OCHOBbI a6COJIIOTHOCo
60JIbUIHHCTBa HapHuaTe.lbHbIX HMeH CyuleCTBHTe.IbHbIX. OHH paB-
HbI nOJIHOMy HMeHH B O(HHiiHaJIbHO-CBeTCKOH, pex(e pa3roBopHo-
6bITOBOH, HHorAa O4)HtHaJIbHO-uepKOBHOii ero (DopMe 1). cbopMo-
a6pa3yioluHe Cy44HKCbI npHcoeAHH51IOTCH HenOCpeACTBeHHO K
nOJIHOMy HMeHH (6e3 poAOBoro OKOHtIaHHM B HMeHaX x(eHCKoro
poAa), HanpHMep:
a) IleTp - feTpyIna, Jlasp - JlaspyHst, Bepa - Bepo4Ka,
Biac - BJIaCHK, Map4 a - Map(peHbxa, CJIe6 - FJIe6Ka, rJle6yHl-
Ka;
6) JIapHOH - JIapHOHyulKa, KaTepHHa - KaTepHHKa, JIH3a-
BeTa - JIH3aBeTyIIIKa;
B) IlapaCKeBa - IlapaCKeByIUKa.
XapaKTep OCHOBbI (KOHegHbIH 3ByK BcerAa corJIaCHbIH) onpe-
AeJIAeT Kpyr BO3MO?KHbIX (4OpM006pa3yIOIUHX 3JIeMeHTOB, B Ka4e-
CTBe KOTOpbIX BbICTynaIOT Cy( (1HKCbI, Ha4HHa1OHZHeC5I C rJIaCHOrO
3Byxa (YIHKa, O4Ka, OHbKa, YWa, YTa, YPa, YHSI, YCsi,
HK) H Cy4),(4HKC Ka (IIpHMepbi CM. Bbiwe).
HeAe(popMHpoBaHHbie npoH3BOA5IiuHe OCHOBbI - npOAyKTHB-
HbI, 1UHpOKO paCnpOCTpaHeHbI B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCK'OM 5I3bIKe.
OHH HaH60JIee aKTHBHO B3aHMOAeHCTBy1oT C Cy414 HKcaMH YlUKa,
Ka, McHee aKTHBHO (TOJIbKO AJISR HMeH )KeHCKOI'O pOAa) - c cy4 -
(,HKCaMH O4Ka, OHbKa 2).
YCegeHHbie H CBH3aHHbie OCHOBbI, K paCCMOTpeHHIO KOTOpbIX
MbI nepeXOAHM, - HHTepeCHbie Mop(4OJIoro-CTpyKTypHble eAHHHgbI,
HBJ1511011XHecHi AOCTOHHHeM npe)(Ae Bcero H B OCHOBHOM JIHtlHbbX
co6CTBeHHbIX HMeH C Cy(p(lHKCaMH Cy6,beKTHBHOH oueiKH. OHH CO-
CTaBJIRIOT caoeo6pa3He, cneuHClHKy JIHtwbIX co6CTBeHHbIX HMeH,
OTJIHt1a1OT HX OT OCHOBHOH MaCCbI HapHuaTeJlbHbIX cyIueCTBHTeJIb-
HbIX H npOTHBorIOCTaBJI5H10T HM.
B OTJIH4He OT HeAe(4opMHpOBaHHbIX ycetleHHble OCHOBbI CO-
CTOSIT He H3 nOJIHOro 'HMeHH, a H3 OAHOrO, AByX H 6onee CJIOroa,
BbhIJIeHHeMbIX H3 COCTaBa nOJIHoro HMeHH B TOH HJIH HHOH ero
{popMe; HanpHMep, npOH3BOAAIUHe OCHOBbI B TaKHX yMeHbuiHTeJIb-
I AJIB 6onee y11o6Horo H ' eTKoro pacnono)KeHHS1 4 aKTH4ecKOro MaTepHa-
na aBTOp npH6eraeT K.ycnoBRbIM o6o3HageHHHM:
a)
OCHOBbI,
BbIAenseMbie
B
041HIIHanbHO-CBeTCKOH 4,opMe HMeHH;
6)
OCHOBbI,
BbuAenHeMbie
B
pa3rOBOpHO-6bITOBOH 4)OpMe HMeHH;
B)
OCHOBbI
BbiaenBeMbie
B
O()HUHanbHO-uepKOBHOH ()OpMe HMeHH.
,
2 11 p n me 4 a H He. HaMH 6bIJI0 H3y4eHO OKOJIO 1500 pyCCKHX ?HMe'H, npH-
MepHo 800 H3 HHX XIOT B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM B3bIKe )KHBbie 9MO11HOHanb-
Ho-oueHOtIHbie 4 opMbI. HMeHHO 9TH HMeHa cocTaBJISIJIH Rainy 6a3y npH npo-
BeAeHHH CpaBHHTenbHbIX KOJH4eCTBeHHbIX n0AC4eTOB, Ha OCHOBaHHH 4erO TaK-
]Ke yCTaHaBJIHBanaCb CTeneHb npOAyKTHBHOCTH, pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTH TeX HJIH
HiHbIX npOH3BOA5(1UHX OCHOB. KOJIH4ecTBeHHbie maHHbie, npHBOAHMbie HaMH npH
AanbHeiiIUeM H3.no KeHH.H, TO}Ke OnpeaeasiO?ccH B OCHOBHOM Ha ocHoBe aaaJwsa
3TOIi rpynnbi HM
eH (B KOJIB4eCTBe 800).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Ho-JlacKaTeJIbHbIX HMeHaX KaK Bacx OT Baci inIi, BaJix OT BaiieH
THH(a), Mama H MaHH OT MapHH, Twin OT AHaTOJIHIi, Cama, Ca-
HH OT AJIeKcaHAp(a), AHTOAIa OT AHTOH, EBrpaula OT EBrpa4
H T. n.
CpeAH yCeMeHHbIX OCHOB o6paIIjaloT Ha ce65i BHHMaHHe TaKHe,
KOTOpbie COCTOHT H3 nOTITH nOJIHOI'O HMeHH, OTnaAaIOT JIHIHb KO-
HeTfflble corJIacable, HanpHMep, a) A6paula - A6paM, AHTOUia -
AHTOH, EBrpaiua EBrpac), AJieKcauia - AJlexcaHAp, HHKOJIa
ma - HHKOJIaIi, Mapuma - MapHHa, HpHma - HpHHa;
6) Maiiaula - MaJIaHbH, MapbsnIa - MapbsHa H T. A. Bcero
OT 35 HMeH.
KaK BHAHO H3 npHBeAeHHbIX npHMepOB, TaKHe MaJIO yCeTieH-
Hble OCHOBbI B3aHmoaefiCTByIOT JIHIIIb C Cyc 4 HKCOM Lila, B CBSI3H
c TIeM HeKOTopble oTeTIeCTBeHHble JIHHI'B-HCTbI H HCCJIeAOBaTeJIH
H3bIKa (F. fIaBCKHIi, (D. BycJlaeB) CKJIOHHbI 6bIJIH BHJjeTb 3)1eCb
o6pa3OBaHHe npH nOMOIIIH acJx HKca HenOCpeACTBeHHO OT
nOJIHOFO HMeHH, HO C HaJlHgHeM TlepeAOBaHHSI (I4rHaT - HrHaLua), H Ha McCTe (HHKOJIaii HHKOJIa-
ma), H Aa>Ke Ha McCTe CTeLIeHHSI HeCKOJIbKHX COrJIaCHbIX (AJieI{-
caHAp - AJIeKCaIIIa).
HO HauleMy MHeHHIO, H 3,i[eCb MbI HMeeM AeJio c yCelaeHHOii,
a He Heae4J6pMHpOBaHHOIi OCHOBOH H 3JIeMeHTaMH TiepeAOBaHHH
COrJIaCHbIX. OTna,eHHe KOHe4HbIX COrJIaCHbIX 3ByKOB BbI3BaHO TeM,
TITO npH HCHOJIb3OBaHHH He.ec1JOpMHpOBaHHOIi OCHOBbI Cyq)cpHKC
Cy6-beKTHBHOIi OIjeHKH > OKa3bIBaeTCH B HOJIO}KeHHH noc.ne co-
rJiaCHoro, TITO npOTHBOpetlHT COBpeMeHHbIM HOpMaM c4opMOO6pa-
30BaHHH JIHTIHbIX CO6CTBeHHbIX HMeH. Bo.iee Toro, Cy4 4JHKC >
H3AaBHa HCIIOJIb3OBaJICH B CHCTeMe HMeH HapHuaTeJIbHbIX AJlsi
o6pa3oBaHiiH HaHMeHOBaHHH >KeHbI Toro HJIH HHOrO AOJI?KHOCTHOrO
JIHua, HanpHMep, >, KreHepaJib-
ma - xceHa reHepana> H T. n. ECTeCTBeHHO, TITO 06pa3OBaHHSI TH-
na ApTaMOHIUa, MHpoHLua, IIJIaTOHIna OT ApTaMOH, MHpOH, H ia-
TOH H np. BOCnpHHHMaJIHCb 6bI He KaK 3MOL(HOHaJIbHO-o[ eHOTIIIble
q)OPMb1 JIHTIHbIX HMeH, a KaK HMe7-7Ha, o603HaTiaioLimHe 000TBeTCT-
BeHHO >KeHy ApTaMOHa, MHPOHa, 11JIaTOHa. C OTna,I[eHHeM KOHexi-
HbIX COrJIaCHbIX 3BYKOB noTlBa AJix nOJjo6HbIX accoUHaI(HI3 HCTIe3Jia.
HCnOJIb3OBaHHe )Ke B KaTIeCTBe yceTieHHOIi npOH3Bo,LunUeii OC-
HOBbI nepaoro criora (B AByXCJIO>KHbIX) HJIH nepBblX CJIOrOB (B
MHOrOCJIO>KHbIX HMeHaX) - noao6Hble OCHOBbI TO>Ke He McHee mH-
pOKO paCnpOCTpaHeHbl H npOJI KTHBHbI - HeBO3MO>KHO B HeKOro-
pblX H3 HHX HOTOMy, TITO Ha rpaHHue cJIoropa3AeJia HMeeM CTbIK
cor.lacHblX 3BYKOB (A6-paM, AH-TOH, EB-rpacp), TITO npenHTCTByeT
npHcoeAHHeHHIO cpopMOo6pa3yioul,ero CycJI HKCa >, Moryiuero
HaxoJjHTbcH JIHLHb B noJIO}KeHHH nocJle,r,nacxoro. B ApyrHx HMe-
HaX 3TOIi rpynnbI BbIAejieHHe OCHOBbI, COCTOHIuex H3 nepaoro HJIH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
nepabix CJIOI'OB, HeBO3MO}KHO nOTOMy, IITO npH 9TOM Co3AMOTCH
q)OPMbI OMOHHMH'.IHble, He6JIaro3ByTlHble, HaKOHeu, TpyJjHO COOTHO-
CHMble C (JOpMOIi nOJIHOrO HMeHH: f.IaTOH - fIJiama, CTenaH -
CTema, AHHKef - AHHina, MHpoH - MHiua, PoMaH - Pouja,
fIapaMoH - flapaula H np. fIpHBe.L eHHble ()OPMbI 3ByqaT KaK
OMOHHMHLlHble K HMeHaM HapHLIaTeJIbHbIM HJIH aPYFHM 3MOL(HO-
HaJIbHO -OL[eHOTIHbIM co6CTBeHHbIM HMeHaM.
KaK MET yxce OTMeTHJIH, yceTleHHble OCHOBbI, BKJI1OTIaion[He
nO7ITH HOJIHOe HMH, HeMHorOLIHCJIeHHbI, Bcero 35 npuMepoB. A6co-
JIK)THOe 6OJIbLIIHHCTBO yceT4eHHbIX OCHOB COCTOHT H3 nepBblX CJIO-
rOB COOTBeTCTByIOIUHX nOJIHbIX HMeH: BacnjIHi3 - Bacsi, Mapiui -
Mama, MaHH; HO HHOrAa (3Ha'4HTeJIbHO peace) H3 BTOPbIX H.1H
CJIeAytomHX cJIOrOB, OCO6eHHO ec iu nepabie CJIOrH 6e3yaapnble,
HJIH eCJIH nOJIHble HMeHa MHOrOCJIO}KHbl, HJIH eCJIH, HaKOHeq, c npH-
cOeAHHeHHeM Cy(~(j)HKca K OCHOBe, COCTOHH ell H3 nepBblX CJIOroB,
06pa3yfOTCH ())OPMbI He6JIarO3ByTIHble, OKa3bIBa10WHecH oMOHH-
MHT4HbIMH HJIH BbI3bIBaioMHe KOMHLIeCKHe aCCOuHauHH c APyrHMH
cJIOBaMH. HanpHMep, c nePBbIMH CJIOraMH B npOH3BOJi1ILue9 OCHO-
Be HMeeM (IOPMbI:
a) BacH - BacHJiHfI, Maula, MaHH - MapHH, Poi i - PoJtH-
OH, COHH - Co4)b1, FJiaula - 1Jtaq)Hpa, HaTaula - HaTaaibci;
6) KaTSI - KaTepuHa, MHTH - MHTpHIi, Jlapsi - JIapHOH,
HaCTSI - HaCTaCbSI;
B) ,HMa J.1HMHTpHIi, CHMa - CHMeOH.
Cy6,beKTHBHO-oueHOTJHbie (JOPMbI C yCe4eHHbIMH OCHOBaMH
TaKoro THna oco6eHHO MHOroTIHCJIeHHbI, B KOJIHgeCTBeHHOM OTIIO-
uieHHH OHH HHCKOJIbKO He yCTynaloT yMeHbmHTeJIbHO-JIaCKaTeJIb-
HbIM HMeHaM C Heae(4OpMHpOBaHHOIi OCHOBOH.
CO BTOpbIM CJIOI'OM B npOH3BOJjcWL[eli OCHOBe:
a) )KeH51, ren$1 - EBreHHYI (SI) 1), KOAH - HHKOAHM, KoaR -
HHKOJIaI3, f'pHna - ArpHnnHHa, KyJlsi - AKyJIHHa, FeJlsi (st) -
AHreJIHHa, TOHSI - AHTOHHHa H AHTOHHJa, 4)HMa - E4)HMbH,
c1 pocH - E(ppocHHbH;
6) TaCSI - HacTacbsl.
fIpHBe,aeHHbIMH npHMepaMH nOT-ITH Hc7epnblBaeTC5I (Bcero 16)'
nepe7TeHb (lOpM, npOH3Bo1 Hu a51 OCHOBa i(OTOpbIX COCTOHT H3 BTO-
poro cJlora O(lHUHaJIbHOr'o fOJIHOI'O HMeHH. (DOPMbI C TpeTbHM CJIO-
rOM B npOH3B0JLHnZeIi OCHOBe BOBCe e)[HHHLIHbI, 3TO:
a) TOJIA - AHaTOJIHfl, Cawa, CaHH - AJiexcaHJip (a), CaHa -
AJleKcaH.Ipa. (CM. npHMeTIaHHe2).
I B. B. B H H o r p a. 0 B oTMeuaeT, 'ITO 4epeJ(osaHHe : > B03HI4K-
JIO era JIH He nOA BJIHTTHHeM (PpaHl(V3CKoro B3bIKa. (CM. B. B. B I9 H O r p a-
A O B, PyCCKHf H3bIK, M., 1947 r., cTp. 81-83).
2 r1 p n m e 4 a H H e. CpeAH Cy6beKTHBHO-OueHOgHbIX JIH9FIbIX C06CTBeH-
IIbIX HMeH C yCe'eHHo4 OCHOBON HaMH OTMeueHO TOJIbKO OAHO HMB, OCHOBa KO-
Toporo O()OpMHJIacb nyTeM BbinaaeHHB CpeAHHX CJIOrOB B nOJIHOM HMeHH:
CepaOHMa - CHMa. TaKo cnoco6 COCTaBJIeHHH xapaKTepeH . JIH OCHOB CBli3aH-
HorO THna, 0 KOTOpOM MbI 6yAeM rOBOpHTb HH?Ke.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HO 3BYKOBOMy COCTaBY BHYTPH ycetieHHbix npOH3BOff1h1 HX
OCHOB 3TOro BHAa (COCTo iu HX H3 nepBbIX HJIH c ieAYK)uiHX CJIOrOB
n'OJIHOrO HMeHH) MO)KHO BbIAeJ1HTb: a) OCHOBbI, BKnioLIa1OLLuHe Iie-
JIble CJIOPH, 06bILIHO - OTKPbITOrO xapaKTepa: [Jia(popa - rJlaLna,
rJIBHH, Mapxsl - Mama, MaH$I, CO(mbst - COH$1 H-T. A. H, 6) OCHO-
Bbl, BKJIIOgaIOIL[He, KpoMe U JIblx OTKpbITbIX CJIOrOB, corJIacxbIYi
cJleliylouiero cnora: BacHJIHH - BacH, BaJIeHTHH (a) - BaJisi, Ka-
TepHHa - KaTH, HapTacbH - HaCTH H T. n. XapaKTep KOHeLIHOl'O
3BYKa OCHOBbI o6ycn0BnnsaeT Bb16op Cy())4)HKCanbHbIX Mopc)eM:
K OCHOBe, COCTOHLI[eIi H3 OTKPbITbIX CJIOrOB, rIPHCOCAHHHK)TCH cY(p-
4)HKCbI Wa, Hoo, pexie Xa; K OCHOB(;, OKaHtIHBaIOLIIefICO Ha cornac-
HbIH, - a4)4)HKC Ka-H>> H cy(p4MKCbI YHIKa, Ka, YlUa, YHo,
YPa, YTa, YCo, UK, OK.
CJIeAOBaTenbHO, B 3aBHCnMOcTH OT 3ByKOBOI'O COMM, a no-
TOMy 'H xapaKTepa B3aHMOAeHCTBH$I, cpeAH ycelqeH'HbIX OCHOB pa3-
JIH4alOTC5I:
a) yceqeHHble OCHOBbI ('BcerAa OTKPbITOrO xapaKTepa), co-
cToHUiHe 03 nOLITH nOJIHOrO HMeHH, C OTnaAeHHeM JIHmb KonegHoro
cornacxoro: AHTOIIa, A6pauia, MHpoma, Coo poma, Ynbsllna,
Manama H np., cpaBHH AHTOH, A6paM, MHpOH, Co(ppoH, YJIbHHa,
ManaxbH;
6) yce4eHHbie OCHOBbI, COCTO51UjHe H3 nepBbIX, peAKO c.neAy-
iou Hx CJIOrOB, TO>Ke OTKpbIToro xapaKTepa: Mama, MaHo 113 Ma-
p1351, COHO 133 Co4mo, HaTama H3 HaTanbo, Tema H3 EBreHHsi (H) ;
B) YCeueHHble OCH'OBbI, COCTOHLUHe H3 nepBbIX, peAKO cJleAylo-
uuix CJIOI'OB, HO C npOCOeAHHeHHeM cornaCHoro caeAyiouiero cJlo-
ra: Bacsi H3 BaCHnHH, Bum 'H3 BaneHTHH(a), cpOCH H3 Eck-po-
CHHbB H np.
YceLIeHHble OCHOBbI AByX noCneAHHX BHAOB tipe3BbILIaHHO npO-
AyKTHBHbI B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM o3bIKe, LITO noAL)epKHBaeTCH
He TOJIbKO HX mHPOKOH pacnpOCTpaHeHHOCTWO (cy6'beKTHBH'O-oge-
noqubie 4 opmbI C TaKHMH OCHOBaMH - THHHLIHbie yMeHbmHTeJlb-
Vble J1HHHbie C06CTBeHHble HMelia B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM sl3bIKe),
o LIeM MbI rOBOPHJIH BbIme, HO H Heo6M athlo aKTHBHOCTbIO B3aH-.
MOAeHCTBHH HX C CaMbIMH pa3Hoo6pa3HbIMH Cy4)()HKCaMH cy6'b-
eKTHBHOH OUeHKH.
HHTepeCHO 'OTMeTHTb, LITO HHOrAa ycegleHHbie OCHOBbI BbICTy-
naloT B Ka'IeCTBe caMOCTosiTenbHOrO yMeHbmHTeJIbHOPO Co6CTBeH-
HOrO HMeHH - Co6CTBeHHO-yCeqeHHble (()OPMbi Cy6'beKTHBHOH
OLieHKH. H3 (OPM TaKoro poi a HaM BCTpeTHJIHCb:
)KeH?CKHe HMeHa.
POTa H3 MaprapHTa,
JIaxa H3 CBeTJIBHa,
JIHHa H3 AJIIHa, AKyJI1 Ha,
JIeHa H3 EJIeHa, Bna,z HJICHa,
pIAa H3 3HHailAa, MpaiiAa,
f
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
AAa H3 OnHMnHdAa.,
THHa H3 BaJIeBTHHa,
MHna H3 JIIoAMI JIa,
HHna H3 ?HeOHNna,
(DH-ca H3 AH(pfca,
HHHa H3 AHTOHffHa.
npHBeAeHHble npHMepbl npeACTaBJIHIOT CO6OK KOHegHbie c io-
TH, BbhineHeHHble H3 nOJIHOrO HMeHH 6e3 npHCOeAHHeHHSI KaKHX-
d:H60 4)OpM006pa3yIOnjHX 3neMeHTOB. 0 TaKOM cnoco6e o6pa3o--
BaHHSI 3aMeTHn B. B. BHHorpaAOB B KHHre KPyCCKHi3 H3blKp: OHH
noJ(ytlalOTCSI KaK 6M tnOCpeACTBOM OTcetIeHi{SI KOHetIHbIX CJIOrOB
HJIH CJlora y nOJIHoro HMeHH> 1.
npH C03AaHHH allaJlOrHgHbIX yMeHbmHTenbHbIX MyM{CKHX
HMeH K OCHOBe, o6bI4HO OKaHgHBaIoiijeHCH Ha cornaCHbO4 3ByK,
npHc0eAHHHeTCH a44HKC , q)opManbHbIH nOKa3aTeJlb rpaM-
MaTHtieCKoro I CKJIOHeHHSI, C KaTeropHeii KOTOpOrO 000THOCHTenb-
HbI yMeHbUIHTeJIbHO-JIaCKaTeJIbHbie CO6CTBeHHble HMeHa B COBpe-
McHHOM pyCCKOM SI3bIKe. HaM BCTpeTHJIHCb:
TeMa H3 ApTeM,
AHMa H3 BaAHM,
BaHSI H3 HBaH,,
XHna H3 ApxHn,
,1Hna H3 3AHn.
CneAyeT OTMeTHTb, tITO B KatieCTBe caMOCTOSITenbHblX HMeH
BbIAeJIEIOTCSI o6bItIHO yAapHbie CJIOrH, tiTO o6JlertlaeT npogecc CO-
OTHeCeHHH nOA06HOrO yMeHbIIIHTenbHOrO HMeHH C cooTBeTCTByIO-
njHM nOJIHbIM.
B. H. LlepHbimeB C'iHTaeT noj o6HbIMH co6CTBeHHo-ycetleHHbI-
MH TaKM{e ()OpMbI, nOny'HBIHHeCS( nyTeM BbI'JIeHQHHSI B KageCTBe
caMOCTOSITenbHOrO yMeHbmHTeJlbHor0 CO6CTBeHHOrO HMeHH He Ko-
HetIHbix, a HatlanbHbIX CJIOrOB, HanpHMep:
a)
HaTa
H3
HaTanb1,
3HHa
H3
3HHaHAa,
POMa
H3
PoMaH,
CTena
H3
CTenaH,
MHxa,H3 MHxaxn;
6) JIH3a H3 JIH3aBeTa,
,1efCTBHTeJIbHO, Me)KAy 3THMH (1opMaMH H TOJIbKO tITO pac-
CMOTpeHHbIMH 06pa3OBaHHSIMH OT My)KCKHX HMeH HeT npHHIjHnH-
anbHOfi pa3HHubI, np0CTO B OAHHX c iytiaSI$ ycetieHHaSI OCHOBa
COCTOHT H3 ueabix CnorOB (TeMa, aHMa, XHna H T. H.), B ApyrHX-
H3 6onee npHtiyAJIHBbIX CotleTaHHii cJIora c fOOneAyIOUjHMH Co-
rnaCHbMMH (HaTauia, 3HHa, PoMa H rip.).
Ho HaM Ka}KeTCH, wro ropa3Ao npoiue, y6e,i[HTenbxee H Cnpa-
BeAJIHBee CtiHTaTb 9TH (pOpMW He C06CTBeHHO-yCetieHHbIMH (n0ny-
i B. B. B H H o r p a A o B. PyCCKHi3 H3>3K, M., 1947 r., crp. 81.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HeHHbIMH nyTeM TIHCTOrO ycegeHHA), a ac1X HKCaJIbHbIMH, HOJIyqeH-
HbIMH nyTeM BbIAeJIeHHA yce'IeHHOii OCHOBbI, COCTOSIIueI3 H3 nepBbIX
CJIorOB, c nOCJIeAyIOIuHM npHCOeAHHeHHeM (f opMOO6pa3ylouiero
a(4#Kca >.
1'ICfOJIb3OBaHHe yce'leHHOii npOH3BOj(ALueI3 OCHOBbI B KaTieCTBe
caMOCTOATeJIbHoro yMeHbWHTeJIbHOro co6CTBeHHOrO HMeHH MO}KHO
npH3HaTb OCO6bIM cJiyqaeM o6pa30BaHHA (JOpM Cy6'beKTHBHOH
OueHKH, 3aMeTHO pacnPOCTpaHAIOIUI{MCA B noc ieAHee BpeMA, oCO-
6eHHO B BHAe BbIAeJIeHHA OAHOrO-AByX HOCJieJ(HHX yAaPHbIX CJIO-
rOB B MHOrOCJIOMKHbIX HMeHaX: JIHHa, THHa, PHTa, TIaHa H T. R. OT
AJIHHa - AKYJIHHa, Ba.ieHTHHa, MaprapHTa, CBeTJiaxa.
C TOT-IKH 3peHHA HCIIOJlb3OBaHHA B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM 513bI-
Ke 9TH HMeHa HHTepeCHbI TeM, TITO BbICTyIIa}OT B npouecce o6I4e-.
HHA B Ka'ieCTBe Heo#uHaJIbHO-HefITpaJlbHbIX HMeH, T. e. B HHX
OTCYTCTByeT APKO.BbIpa)KeHHaA 3MOUHOHaJIbHaH oueHKa, 3KCnpec-
CHBHaH OKpaCKa. HanpHMep, B pe4H i(HaJIorHgeCKOfl, npH HenO-
CpeACTBeHHOM o6pauueHHH K CO6eCeAHHKy:
ftca! - KPHKHyJIa OHa, HPHOTKPbIB J(Bepb (OT AH4)HCa).
(A. M. FOpbKHii. , T. 20, CTP. 439).
, T. 9, cTp. 74).
143 npHMep'OB BHAHO, LITO yMeHbuIHTeJIbHbie ())OpMbI 4)Hca,
JIHHa, THHa, PHTa, XHna - npHBbILIHbie, 6bITOBbie,
HMeHa. TaKHe o6pa3oBaHHA 6bIJIH IIIHPOKO pacnpOCTpaHeHbl B cpe-
,i a HHTeJIJIHreHUHH, B HaCTOAIuee BpeMA OHH Bce 60JIbHle npOHHKa-
lOT H B CpeAy KPeCTbBHCKYIO, TaK Ha3bIBaeMyiO Hapoj(Hyio.
CBH3aHHble OCHOBbI HaH6oJlee HHTepeCHbI C TOTIKH 3peHHA
CBoeo6pa3HA HX CTpyKTypHOfi MoAe7TH. rlpH C03AaHHH CB513aHHbIX
OCHOB B HMeHaX HapHuaTeJlbHbIX HMeeT MQCTO o6bhIHbII%I npouecc
OnpOIueHHA, Bblpa}KaIOIuHFICA B CJIHAHHH CY4)(kHKCa C KOpHeM. B
npouecce O(IOpMJIeHHA CBH3aHHbIX OCHOB B JIHTIHbIX CO6CTBeHHbIX
HMeHaX TO}Ke Ha6JHOj(aeTC59 CBOero poua onpoluexxe, HO BeCbMa
Cneua(poggeCKoe, H60 Cyq)q)HKCaJIbHaH Mop43eMa 3AeCb, CJIHBaHCb C
OCHOBOii HpH o6pa3OBaHHH yMeHbIHHTeJIbHbIX 4)OpM onpeAeJleHHOli
CTyneHH, TIeTK'O Bblj(eJileTCA B fPeAbIAYH.(eii CTyneHH o6pa3oBa-
HHA. HanpHMep, (4opMa HIOTa o6pa3OBaJIaCb H3 HMeHH AHHa cJle-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Ay1OUXHM o6pa30M: AHHa - AHSI - AHIOTa - HIOTa. Cy4 4 HKC
4:IOTab BbICTyIIaeT B 4)opMe AHIOTa KaK caMOCTOHTe.IbHaH Mop4)e-
Ma, CO3AaHHe 3MOUHOHaJIbHo-oUeHOLIHOR 4)opMbi cJieAylouiei cTy-
neHH npOHCXOAHT nocpeACTBOM ycetieHHA - OTnaAaeT HaliaJlbHblli
CJIOr; oCTaBHIHeCA KOHeqHble CJIOrH BbICTynaIOT KaK caMOCT05ITeJIh-
Hoe yMeHbHIHTeJIbHOe HM5I CO6CTBeHHoe, H B ero COCTaBe Cy(X(1IIKC
KIOTa>> BbICTynaeT yxce KaK HPHHaAJie}KHOCTb OCHOBbI (OT AHHa) (A. 14. KynpHH KMOJiox)>. 1 59).
cHiopa... CauIa! - n03BaJi IIapMeH CeMeHOBHtl, .no1OHAH K
ABepH, H Ha 3TOT 30B npeACTaJIH ABe BecbMa MHJIOBHAHbie
AesyulKH> (oT AHHa) (H. C. JIeCKoB >. 2 341).
(OT MapHA) (A. H. TOJICTOIi. 4cLlepHaf nATHH-
Iiap. 1949 r., T. 4. cTp. 615).
HTaK, B JIHTIHbIX C06CTBeHHbIX HMeHaX C CY4 4 HKCaMH cy6'beK-
THBHOii OILeHKH (pyHKILHOHHpyIOT CJIejLyIoigHe THnbi npOH3BOAAULHX
OCHOB:
1. Hejje(popMHpOBaHHble OCHOBbl, paBHble nOJIHOMy HMeHH
(6e3 pOAOBOro OKOHtiaHHA ), HaIOMHHaIOIILHe npOH3BOAAn ue
OCHOBbI a6COJnoTHoro 60JIbIIIHHCTBa HaPHILaTeJIbHbIX HMeH cyuie-
CTBHTeJIbHbIX: rJie6-rJie6Ka, rJie6ogKa; Bepa - Bepyuia, Bepoti
Ka, BepKa.
2. YcetleHHbie OCHOBbI (OTKpbIToro HJIH 3aKpblTOro XapaKTe-
pa), coCTOAHiHe H3 nepBbwX, peace cJIeliyloII.LHx c.loroB noJIHOra
HMeHH: BaCHJIHH - Bacs, Bacbxa, Bacenbxa, BacetlKa; riia(PH-
pa - rJiaiua, rJiaHA; HHKOJIafI - KoJIA, ?Ko.nbKa, KoJletlKa, Ko-
JIeHbKa H T. n.
3. CBA3aHHbie OCHOBbI, COCTOHLUHe H3 OAHOrO 3BYKa HCXOA
Horo 0 HILHaJIbHOTO rioji orO HMeHH H Cyc14HKCaJIbHOFi Mop(JeMbi,
T. e. o6pa3yrouiHeCA 'noCpeACTBOM cneILH(plltleCK'oro KHeHHble (4OpMaJIbHO ABYMH
Cy(p(!HKCaMH H HPHHaAJie)KaIUHe HOJIHbIM HMeHaM - Mapmi,
CO()bH, gapbq. OAHaKO B CO3HaHHH rosopauzero H c.nymaiouiero
3TH H HM noA06Hbie yMeHbmHTeJlbHbie HMeHa COOTHOCHTCH He C
3THMH fOJIHbIMH- HMeHaMH, a c yMeHbfHTeJIbHbIM OT HHX -
Mama, Manx, COHH, aama, 6JIaroaapH lielvly BOC 1 HHHMa1OTCS He
KaK TpeTH'-IHble, rae (~OpMaJIbHO HaJf1eCTByeT aBa cy4)4)HKca -
4(m> HJIH + Cy(p()HKC Ka, YLIIKa, OLIKa, OHbKa, a Kax
BTOPHTIHble (oCJIO)KHeHHbie TOJIbKO OAHOfi Cy(p(pHKCaJIbHOI3 Mop(je-
MoH - Ka, OLIKa, OHbKa, YLLIKa), xKe H BocrIpHHHMa-
IOTCH KaK HpHHa.JIe)KHOCTb OCHOBbI.
B03MO>KHOCTb TaKoro > nepepa3JI0>KeHHa OCHO-
Bbl 06'bHCHHeTCA, Bo-nepBbiX, OTCyTCTBHeM B Cy(p(4HKCaX -
, - KaKOrO-JIH6o 51PKO BbIpa>KeHHOI'O 3MOuHOHaJIbHO-
oIIeHOUHOrO 3HageHH5I, BO-'BTOpbIX, Heoftmai3HocI aKTHBHOCTbIO
(4OPM C 3THMH cyq)q)HKcaMH, CHOCO6HOCTbIO HX B3aHMOAeHCTBO?-
BaTb HOLITH CO BCeMH B03MO>KHbIMH Cy(p(4HKCaMH Cy6'beKTHBHOLi
oueHKH. Flo aKTHBHOCTH OHH HaHOMHHa1OT fOJIHbie HeCy(3(pHKCHPo-
BaHHble HMeHa. Cy(p(XHKCbI - H >, N9 3-4. BaptuaBa, 1903, cTp. 83.
2 F. 11 a B C K H ff. 0HJ1oJI-OrHmeCKHe Ha6JI1oAeHH51 HaA cocraBOM pyccxoro
H3bIKa. CI15. 1950, CTp. 88. OTMemaB pa3JIHHe B 3HaUeHHH 3THX Cy4I4HIKCOB,
IIaBCKHI1 MHTaeT HX TOJIbKO BapHaHTaMH OAHOIi H TOR ]Ke MOpf~eMb1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
PyCCKOMy JIHTepaTYPHOMY 5I3bIKy OHH CBOHCTBeHHbI B McHbIIIeIH
cTeneHH.
BnOJIHe Bepo$ITHO, TO B nJlaHe HCTOpHHecKoro npOHCXOM{Ae
HHSI 3TO OAHH H TOT }Ke Cy()4)HKC YIU+Ka (bKa), HO AJIH COBpe--
McHHOTO pyCCKoro H3I?IKa MbI Mo)KeM rOBOpHTb 0 ABYX pa3JIHqHbIX
Cy(p(rHKcax, HMeIOI1IHX OAHHaKOBOe rpa(rHtieCKoe H3o6pa)KeHHe,
HO OTJIHqa1OII[HXCSI 3HageHHeM, OTHomeHHeM K yAapeHHIO H HamIH I
gHeM HJIH OTCYTCTBHeM COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIX 4)OPM C Cy("HKCOM
YIITa (YXa).
143-3a OTCYTCTBH51 B TeKCTe 3Ha'KOB yAapeHHSI He BcerAa B03
MO)KHO cpa3y pa3JIHqHTb YII1Ka 6e3yAapHbIH, CJIO}KHbIIi, CO 3Ha-
,qeHH,eM JiaCKaTeJIbHOCTH OT YLII + Ka, yAapxoro, COCTaBHOrO,
CO 3HatieHeHM npeHe6pe)KHTe.IbHOCTH.
B03MO}KHbIM H npaBHJIbHbIM KPHTepHeM HX pa3JIHgHH Mo3KeT
CJIy}KHTb no cTaHOBKa n'pOMe)KyTOLIHOI3 (POpMbI C CY(4)HKCOM
YLLIa (101M). ECJIH BCTaBKa TaKOH (~OpMbl B03MO)KHa, 3HaqHT
Cy44)HKC COCTOHT H3 AByX MOp4)eM Y1I1+Ka; eCJIH HeBO3MO>K-
Ha - H3 OAHOIt YIIIKa. TaK, HanpHMep, HeT (po1M aeMyIIIa, CJia-
Byllla, A4)6HloIua H T.' n., a eCTb TOJIbKO CJI1ByuiKa, ,LIeMyWKa,.
A4)6HIOUIKa (CO CJIO}KHbIM 6e3yAapHbIM Cy43 HKCOM YLLIKa).
OAHaKO HHOTAa 3TOT KpHTepHH pa3JIHqeHHH OKa3bIBacTCSi He--
AOCTaTOgHbIM; TaK, eCTb ()OPMbI:
HBaH - BaHH - BaHIOL 1Ka;
I4BaH - BaHSI - BaHIOina - BaHIOIUKa;
HaAexcAa - HaAsi - H&AIOUIKa
HaAex(Aa - HaAA - HaAIoina - Ha.zUomKa.
ECJIH B TeKCTC HeT 3HaKOB yAapeHHH, TO B TaKHX cjiyiIaHX
TPYAHO OnpeAeJIHTb XapaKTep Cy4)( HKca, CJIOHSHbII1 OH HJIH CO-
CTaBHO)i. fIOMoraeT KOHTeKCT, n03BOJI5I1OU HH yCTaHOBHTb 3HatieHHe'
yMeHbIIHTeJIbH0l3 4JOpMbI HMeHH, a no 3Haqe1#HK) - Mop4)oJIorHqe-
CKHH XapaKTep Cy4)4)HKCa, H6o YLIIKa, CJIO KHbI1i, 6e3yAapHbI11,
o6BIqHO npHAaeT HMCHaM OTTeHOK JIaCKaTeJIbHOCTH, a YLII + Ka,
coclaBHOf , yAapHblfi, -- OTTeHOK npe3pHTeJIbHOCTH, npeHe6pe)KH-
TeJIbHOCTH.
IIOCTaHOBKa B TaKHX CAyvaHX yAapeHHH, KaK 3T0 cAeJiaHO B
Co6paHHH CO'qHHeHHFi H. C. JIeCKOBa (H3A. 1956 r.), B npOH3BeAe-
HHHX A. McJIbHHKOBa-IIeqepcxorO ?B J(ecax> H >, 13, 26).
. (A. M. FOpbKHR. KMaJlbBa>>, 3, 249).
. (A. H. Kyn-
pHH. , 2, 19).
IIpH ynOTpe6JIeHHH 3THX q)OpM B OnHcaTeJIbHOM KOHTeKCTe
Ra'IeCTBO 3MOUHOHaJIbHOH oKpaCKH, KOHe'IHO, He McHHeTCSI, H6 cTe-
IIeHb ee no CpaBHeHHIO C ynOTpe6JIeHHeM B pe'qH JLHaJlorHtIeCKOR,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
npH HenocpeACTBeHHOM o61ueHHH C Co6eCeAHHKOM, He'CKOJIbKO CHH- 1
}KaeTCSI. CpaBHHTe:
K3TO npHlue.l rpHIIIyTKa, Ma.IblIHIIIKa, nOMOIUHHK KOpHJ(Op-
HOro, cnpaBHTbCH o qae>> (A. H. KynpHH. , 2, 19).
, 1, 225).
. (M. FopbKHK. , ). B OTJIHtIHe OT HapHuaTeJlb-
HbIX TIpH H KOnpOIueHHH> B CO6CTBeHHbIX HMe-
HaX Cy())())HKCaJlbHa I Mop(f eMa CJIHBaeTCR C KOPHe'M JIHIIIb Ha On-
peAeJleHHoi3 CTyneHH C03AaHHI 3MOIHOHaJIbHO-oueHOgHbIX (JOpM,
coxpaHRR CHOCO6HOCTb BIIOJIHe CaMOCTOHTeJIbHO (pyHKUHOHHpO-
BaTb B npeue.nax npeubIAyJuex o6pa3oBaTeJIbHOi3 CTyneHH (CM.
npHMepbl c AHHa: AHHa - AHR - AHlopa - Hiopa H T. A.)?.
3. HaKOneu, JIHHIb HeKOTO'Pble MOp())OJIOrHtIeCKHe npoueccbI
(KOnpoIueHHe>> Cy())C))HKCaJIbHbIX MOp(peM) no CBoeMy HanoMHHaIOT MOp())OJIOrHtIeCKHe npoueccbI HMeH HapHuaTeJlb-
I-IbIX.
Bee 3TO 3aCTaBJIReT rOBOpHTb 0 Mop())OJIOrH~IeCKHX npouec-
caX B JIH9HbIX CO6CTBeHHbIX HMeHaX C Cy()))HKCaMH Cy6'beKTHBHOIi
OueHKH COBepIneHHO oco6o.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CHHTAKCHgECKAI CTPYKTYPA 3ArJIABHH
B CTaTbe HOCTaBJIeHa 3aJjaTia inOKa3aTb caMOCTORTeJlbHOCTb H
THrIH'4HOCTb CHHTa'KCH~IeCKOI3 ripHpoabI npeAJto}KeHHIi, opra'HH3o-
BaHHbIX TOJIbKO H3 BTOpOCTeneHHbIX LIJIeHoB. Cae.Ia,Ha n0nbirKa
O6OCHOBaTb B03]MO}KHOCTb jjJIA BTOpoCTeneHHbIX LIJIeHO'B BbICTy-
naTb B pOJIH opraHH3yionjero qJie-Ha npOGTOrO npej(JIO)KeHHSI 'B 3a-
rJIaBH5Ix, COCT05IIUHX TOJIbKO H3 CogeTaHHI-i cyweCTBHTe.nbnoro c
npejLJloroM: Ha AHe (A. M. FopbKHII) ; Ho rop'o. aM Col03a
(B. MaxK.) ; B pox{AecTBeHCKyio HOgb . (A. LIexoB).
I.
AHaJIH3 'KOHKpeTHOro MaTepHaJIa npearioJlaraeT oHpeAeJleHHe
nOHHTHII, Heo6XOAHMbIX Aim jlaJlbHelin.Iero H3JIo>KeHH 1. K HHM O"r-
HOCHTCSI HOHATHe npeJZJIO}KeHHSI H HOHATHe HenOJIHOrO npeAJIO}Ke-
HHSI, a TaK}Ke BOnpOC O BTOpOCTeneHHbIXLIJIeHaX B HenOJIHbIX npejj-
JIO}KeHHAX. OTjjeJlbHO HY}KHO OCTaHOBHTbCA Ha BOnpOCe 0 3arJla-
BHSIX KaK npeAJIOBKeHHAX.
B KageCTBe onpejjeJieH(HA npeAJIo)KeH'HSI B pa6oTe H0nOJIb-
3yeTCA nOHHTHe 0npeLJIO}KeHHH, Cf)opMyJIHpOBaHH'Oe :
> 1.
OCHOBHbIMH 11pH3Ha'KaMH npeAJIo>Ke'HHA HBJIAIOTCH: HHTOHa-
UHH coo61ueHH5q H'KaTeropHA npeJ(HKaTHBHOCTH. flocxOJIbKy n'OHH-
MaHHe nepBOPO npH3HaKa ABJISIeTCSI 6ojlee HJIH McHee yCTOSIBIIIHM-
CA H eAHHbIM, a HO OTHOIIIeHHJO KO BTOPOMY BbICKa3aHbI pa3JIHLIHble
TOt1'KH 3peHI 51, HOCTOJIbKy KpaTKO H3JIO)KHM TO coAepxcaHHe, KOTO-
poe BKJ1aAbIBaeTC51 HaMH B rIOHATHe npeAHKaTHBHOCTII.
Ilojj npeIHKa'THBHOCTbIo fOHHMaeTCA OTHOuleHHe 000'6njeHHA
K jjeACTBHTeJIbHo'CTH, TO npOSIBJIAeTCA B npeAJIO}KeHH'H B rpaM-
MaTmIeCK'HX KaTerOpHBX MoIaJIbHOCTH, BpemOHH H JIHIja.
flpeAHKaTHBHOCTb OTBJIeKaeTCA OT KOH'KpeTHOPO H gaCTHOI'O
B npeAJlo)KeHHH, OT npHCYTCTBHA HJIH OTCyTCTBHA rpaMMaTHRIe-
rpaMMaTHKa pYCCKOFO H3bIKa, AH CCCP, T. 2, 4. 1, 1954, CTp. 65.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
cKOH paCMJIeHeHHOCTH Ha noAne}Kauiee H CKa3yeMoe, OHa (POpMH-
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H T. A. BO BCeM HX pa3Hoo6pa3HH, BbICTynaH KaK SI3bI.KO'Boe cpeA-
CTBO BbIpa}KeHHSI JlorH'ieCKHX Onepau'HIi, CBH3aHHbIX C Bblpa)Ke-
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H CMbICJ1OBOI3 OpraH'H3aILHH npenJno eHHH CtiIITaeTCH AajieKO He
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npeAJlo}KeHHH - rJIaBHble gjieHbI. Ho np'H TaKOM HCKYCCTBeHHOM
TICKJIIOa1eHHH BTOpOCTe'neHHbIX LIJIeHOB noJiy'IaeTCH (f a'KTHLIeCKH
HOBoe, B CMbICJIOBOM H rpaMMaTHTIeCKOM oTHO'mmeHHH, HpeAJIo)Ke-
HHe. flO3TOMy 'npeACTaBJIHIO'TCH Hey6eAHTeJIbHbIMH noao6Hble
OnbITbI. flpe,AJIO}KeHHe, 'KaK OHO eCTb, KaK OHO Aa'HO B K'OHTeKOTe,
He MO}KeT o'cTaTbCH HeH3MeHHbIM npH OCBo'6o)KAeHHH ero OT rJIaB-
HbIX HJIH 'BTOpOCTeneHHbIX qJIeHOb HJIH npH BHeceHHH HX.
B rpaMMaTHKe O6brgH'O aHaJIH3HpyIOTCH 'rlpocmie npeAJIO}Ke
HHH, COCTOHHIHe H3 rJiaBHbIX H BTOpOCTefeHHbIX WJeHOB. 3TO, TaK
CKa3aTb, npOCTOrO RByCOCTaBHOrO npeJJio}KeHHH. Ec.IH
1 14. A. f1 O n 0 B a. rlp06JIeMbI npeano}KeHHH. C60pHHK TpYAOB no i3bl-
HO3HaHHIO... 143A. MrY, 1958, cTp. 348.
2 Tam axe, cTp. 351.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
we o6paTHTbc5i K H3bIKy, x ero pa3JIHgHbIM CTHJIHCTHZIeCKHM naa-
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4ae y}Ke TPYJLHO rOBOpHTb 0 HFIX, 'KaK 0 BTOpOCTeneHHbIX 4JIeHax.
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4eH'HOCTH OHH 51BJIIHOTC51 'HOJIHbIMH, HeCMOTp5I Ha (4Op'MbI CJIOB,
BX'OJ}Til HX B COC'Ta,B 3TH'X npeAJIo)Ke'HHI3.
TaKHe npe.IJIO}KeHn51 MOrYT 6bITb pa3AeJIeHbI Ha )JBa THna
B 3aBHCHMOC'TH OT rpaMMaTH't;eCKO'rO 3Ha'4eHH5I opraH'H3y1ou ero
t;JleHa. Te in'peJjnoxceH'H51, rAe }1J POM BbICTynaeT o6CT03ITeJIbCTBeH-
HbIFi 4JIeH, MOryT 6bITb OTHeCeHbI K aABep'6HaJIbHOMy THny. Te
npe.1JI0}KeHH51, ice SIJj'POM BbICTynaeT J1OnOJIHeHHe, MOryT 6bITb OT-
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I B 3TOM OTHOHIeHHH npeACTaBJ!BeT HHTepec neKIjHA C. F, 1'1 n b e H K 0,
0 cneuH(pHKe BTOpOCTeneHHbIX 9neHOB B HenOJIHbIX npean0}KeHHAX, JI., 1958,
C noJlo}KeHHAMH KOTOpOH B OCHOBHOM COrnaCHbl, XOTA C9HTaeM, 9TO
BOnpOC 0 (4YHKIIHH BTOpOCTeneHHbIX vneHOB BO BceX THnax HenoimbiX npeano-
A(eHHN C0MHHTeneH.
2 BTH TepMHHbI yrloTpe6nHIOTCA H ~B Ha3BaHHol neKUHH C. r. 14 JI b e H K 0,
cTp. 20.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
npejwo.laraIOT CB3I3b C KaKHM-JI,H6o rJIBBHbIM gjie-
HOM, LITO npOTHBOpetIHT xapaKTepy pacCMaTpHBaeMbIX npe.u Io)Ke-
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 I 1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BeCTH rrops1AoK... B. OgepeTHH. Cana?MaHApa); KagecTBeHHOFi xa-
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MO)KeT BbI3BaTb Y RIHTaTeJIA CC...Ha3bIB?HOro HHTepeca, TaK KaK Ta-
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K KOTOpbIM CCOTHOCATC51 Ha3$aHHA KHHr, xcypHanoB, KapTHH, My3bl-
KaJIbHbIX ?np'OH3BeAeHHH H T. in., a TaKxce ?HOaHHCH nOA IIHCbMaMH,
1 CM. C. H. B'e P H HIT e If H. OCHOBHble BOnpOCbI CHHTaKCHCa B OCBeu1e-
HHH II1aXMaTOBa, H3B. OPTIC, XXV, CTP. 227.
2 rpaMMaT.HKa pyccKoro H3bIKa, AH CCCP, T. 2, q. 2, M., 1954, cTp. 71..
3 A. H. r B 03 A e B. CoBpeMeHHbII pycCKlril JIHTepaTypHhIIl B3bik, M.,
1958, cTp. 83.
4 F. T r a v n i 6 e k. Neslovesnd vety v 6estine, dil. II, vety nominalni,
Brno, 1931, cxp. 50.
5 A. M. 11 e HI K 0 B C K ifl i%. PyCCIHA CHHTaKCHC B HaytnHOM ocaeuleHHH,
H3,q. 7, M.,,1956, cTp. 178.
6 Tam ace, cTp. 380.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
TejlerpaMMaM'H, Oq)HuHaJIbHbIMH 6yMaraMH, HaAIIH'C'H 'Ha naMAT-
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AOBaTeJlbHO, 3arJIaBHH C rJ1aBHbIM LIJIeHOM, BbIpa4KeHHbIM HMeHH-
TeJIbHbIM naLe}KOM cyHI.eCTBHTEJIbHOrO, MOT OTHOCHTbCA K Ha-
3bIBHOMy THEY HOMHHaTHBHbIX npeAJ1oK{eHHFI.
Bee 3arnaBH51 o6beaffH59IOTC51 ()YHK11Hei Ha3BaHHA, HO CTp'y'K-
Typa HX pa3Hoo6pa3Ha. OHH MOryT 6b1Tb:
a) gByCOCTaBHbIMH: KaK 3aKaJIAJIaCb CTaJIb (H. OCTpoBCKHH) ;
OHM cpa)KaJIHCb 3a Po u i-iy (M. I OJIOXOB);
AOM y aoporH (A. TBapaOBCKHH) ; MbI H3 KpoHIUTaATa (KH-
HO).
6) OAHOCOCTaBHbIMH: JIK)6JIIo (B. MaBK.); YXOa'HM 3aBTpa B MO-
pe (B. JlaBpexeB); I'JIa3a 3eMJIH (M. fIpxuiBrrH);
B) 'CJIO)KHbIMH: foBecTb 0 TOM, KaK IIOCCOpHJICA HBan-I H'BaHOBHM
c HBaHOM H'HKH'(popoBHqeM (H. ForoJlb) ;
I A. M. H H K e n b, H. M. B a)K e H o B. CoapeMexabt1 pyCCKH1 nHTe-
paTypabtif B3bIK, H3A. 2, KHeB, 1954, cTp. 402.
2 COBeMeHHbLll pyCCKHFI 93bIK. CHHTaKCHC. H3A. M[Y, 1'957, cTp. 307.
Cp. E. M. F a n K H H a-(P e ;t o p y K... COBpeMeHH1I$ pyCCKH$ B3bIK.
CHHTaKCHC. YgneArH3, 1958, cTp. P26.
3 (D. K. B y )K e H H K. THIIbI HOMHHaTHBHbNX npeJ Jo) CeHHft B coBpeMeH-
HOM pyCCKOM 93blKe, Jl., 1958, CTp. 21.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Tam, rAe 6b1nH 6enble nATHa (allpaBAa>, 59, 74) 1; 0 Tex,
KTO npOKJIaAbIBaJ[ nyTb (c3HaMH)>, 58, 5).
KpoMe 3THX CTpyKTypHb1 THIOB, MO}KHO Ha3BaTb TaKHe 3a-
rnaBH I, KOTOpble TpyA'HO 6e3crosopOgHO BKJu OgHTb He TOJIbKO B
TOT HJ1H HHOIi BHA npeJnoxceHHFI, HO H CaMO OTHeceHHe KOTOpb1X
K npeAJ[O]KeHHSHM He HBn5IeTcH `6eCCnOpHb1M.
C1oaa OTHOC$ITCH MHOrO4JICJIeHHble KOHCTpyKUHH, COCTOSIIUHe
ni6O H3 npeAJnora H cyuJeCTBHTenbHOrO: Ha CH6HpCKOH MarHCTpa-
nH CrlpaBAa>, 59, 44); JIH6o H3 Hape4H51 H cyuiecTBHTeJIbxorO:
,Qanexo B Mope (, 59, 65); nH60 H3 Hape4Hf[: Tyaa
H o6paTHO (B. MaAK.); IZOCpOXIHO (KeHHSI-3arjIaB1a5I 3aKjnoga1OT B CBOe'M co,i[ep}Ka-
HHH He Cy}KAeHHe, a eAHHCTBeH!Hoe HOHHTHe HJIH npei[cTaBJIeHHe,
COOTBeTCT'By1OIUHM o6pa3OM CHE:TaKCHtJeCKH OE)OpMJieHHOe, 0 HHX
MO}KHO roB'OpHTb KaK o6 OCO60M THIIe IIpeAJIO}KeHH51, 6JIH3KOM
C a1 Bep6HaJIbHbIM HJIH 06,beKTHbIM.
3ar.IaBHSI THria - Ha aaJIb.3HX 6eperax (KHHO); r1ociie 6a.na
(JT. T'OJICTON) ; Hepea BOCXOAOM COJDHija (F. FaynTMaH) H Ap. IIo-
A06Hbie - HpeJ cTaBJISIH)T co60R npeAJIO}KHO-HMeHHyIO KOHCTpyK-
gHio. TaKoe cogeTaHHe cJly}Ke6Horo H 3HaMeHaTeJlbHOrO CJIO'Ba
C03AaeT onpeaejleHHoe 3HatieHHe.
npeAJiOr Ka'K CJIy}Ke6Hoe CJIOBO JIHI JeH TOR H'OMHHaTHBHOCTH,
KOTOpaH CBORCTBeHHa 3HaMeHaTeJlbHbIM CJIOBaM, n03TOMy 3Ha'ge-
HHe'IIpeAJIOra He MO}KeT npOSIBHTbCSI HHatle, Ka'K B CB5I3H c onpeAe-
JIeH'HOR naae}KHOR (4OpMOR cyu. ecTBHTeJIbHoro. IIpe1JIor )Ke KOH-
KpeTH3HpyeT 3Ha leHHe naae}Ka. 1. A. B. I'ICageHKO B KatieCTBe npfMepOB _npHBO-
,i[IHT pOAHTeJIbHbIH AaTbI (nepaoro Max,. 5-ro anpen i 1953 roAa --
He HHKaKHM ApYFHM CJIOBOM. OH OTBetlaeT Ha BOn-
pOC KorAa? H BbInOJIHHeT (pyHKUHH 06CT0RTeJIbCTBeHHOrO Bbipa-
}KeHHx, T. e. HapetIH1) 2 H TBOpHTeJIbHbIH B'peMeHn.
CaMOGTOSITe.IbHOCTb npeJu1u)KHO-HMeH bIX KOHCTpYKUHH IPKO
npOSIBJIxeTC$ B npeAJio}KeHHSIX allaiTora (oco6eHHO B OTBeTHbIX
npe1IJI0}KeHHHX). OHH xapaKTepH3ylOTCH TeM, LITO . npeACTaBAx1OT
3a'KOHLIeHHble npeAHKaTH'BHbie BbICKa3bIBaHH54, xapa'KTepH3yIO-
u Hecx COOTBeTCTByloJuea HHTOHaiiHeM H BbIpa}Kalo=e B KOII
TeKCTe, B pea.IIbHbIX yCJIOBHHX Hx ynOTpe6AeHHx B AHaJlore, nOA-
HOTy Bblpa}KaeMoro HMH c006LueHHx> S. aefCTBHTeJIbHO, npH alla-
JIH3e npHMepOB AHaJlOrHTiecKoA peiH BcTpeuaeMCH C npeu 1o Ke-
HHSIMH, COCTOHLUHMH H3 COqeTaHHH Cyu1eCTBHTeJIbHOrO C npeLJIO-
roM: MapHHa. rAe Coax?
TenerHH. B cagy. (A. LIeXOB. Z[xux BaHH. A. IV);
HecgacTJIHBueB. Kyaa H oTKyaa?.
CgaCTAHBueB. H3 BoJIorAbl B Kep'Jb. A Bu-c? (A. OCTPOBCKHH,
JIBS, A. II).
KOHCTpyKI.IHH BbIAeAeHHorO THna ynOTpe6A5IK}TCx H KaK'
3arJIaBHx, HanpHMep: B ycaab6e; B ospare (A. i-IexoB); 143 yJIH
Iky B yJIHuy (B. ManK.). 14 B 3TOH HOBOH 4IYHKL[HH 6 iaroiapx HH
TOHaL[HOHHOH 3aBepiueHHOCTH OHH BbIpa}KaIOT npeAHKaTHBHOe
3HatieHHe H B XapaKTepHbIX AAx HHX yCJIOBH31X ynoTpe6Aexxx
SBAHIOTCH nOJIHbIMH, XOTx H TeCHO CB93aHHbIMH no CMbICJI CO
CBOHM TeKCTOM 4.
I A. B. H e a'1 e H K 0. rpaMMBTH9eCKH11 CTpo l pyccKoro 93bIKa B cono-
craBaeHHH Co cnOBauKHM, Mop4)onorHH, 8. 1, BpaTHCnaBa, 1954, CTp. 135.
2 Tam we.
3 H. A. TI o n o B a. fpo6neMbl npeAnox(eHHH. C60pHHK CTaTetl no
K03HaHHIO... MI'Y, 1958, CTp. 367.
4 C. H. H JI b e H K 0 OTHOCHT nOJI06Hble 3arnaBHH K CHTyaTHBHO-KOHTeK
CTyaJIbHO o6yGIOBJIeHHbIM HenOJIHbIM npeAJIo)KeHHHM, XOTH rOBOpHT 0 Heo6x0-
AHMOCTH BbI1 eJIHTb KHO KJiaccHq)HUHpoBaTb, y'4H-
TbIBaH Hx aABep'6HaJIbHOe HJI'H o6'beKTHoe 3HateHHe H CTpyKTypy.
1. AABep6HaJIbHbiH THn npelluio)KeHHA-3arJIaBHH HBJIAeTCSI
MHOr04HCJIeHHbIM no CBOHM 3HageHH IM. B HeM 06'beAHHIIOTCSI
cJIeijyioiuHe p'a3HoBH,aHOCTH: npel[JIO%eHHH C npOoCTpa!HCTBeHHbIM
3Ha4eHHeM,'BpeMe'HHbIM, Ka4eCTBeHHOfi XapaKTepH'CTHKH H 000TOH-
HHH, ueJIH 1.
1) IIpeAJio>KeHHH C ripOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM 3iHa'IeH'HeM. OHH
npe,aCTaBJIHK)T co6oi3 pa3Hbie naae)KHbie (JOpMbI HMeH CyH.[eCTBH-
TeJIbHbIX C npeAJ1oraMH.
a) '-lame ApyrHx BcTpe4aeTCH npeAJior B + cyulKe.
B unpyJibile. B yca,Ab6e. B oBpare. B anTexe. (A. LIexoB).
B TeaTpe H uHpKe. B ylue.nbe. B 4epHOMOpbe. (M. rOpbKHi3).
B KOMHTeTe no HeBMelnaTeJIbCTBy (>, 59, 44);
BCTpe4aiOTCSI npeAJioxceHHSi C YTO4H5IIOIuHMH 4JlenaMH:
B MOCKBe Ha Tpy6HOi3 nJioiua,H (A. 1-IeXOB); B XHMKaX, B6JIH3H
pe4Horo nopTa (>, 58,7).
B pOJIH TaKHX 3arJIaBHH THHH4HbIM sIBJlsieTCH ynoTpe6Jlenxe
Cy1ueCTBHTeJIbHbIX C KOHKpeTHbIM 3HageHHeM, XOTH pe>Ke BCTpe4a-
IOTCSI H C 0TBJIe4eHHbIM: B eAHHOM CTpOIO (3s., 58, 5) ; B ryuie
>KH3HH ( 58, 11) ;
6) To >Ke 3HageHHe coxpaHSIeTCSI npH yn0Tpe6JIeHHH npeano-
ra - B - c BHHHTeJIbHbIM naae>KoM cylueCTBHTeJIbHOro, npaBAa,
3Aecb npeo611aaaeT oTTeHOK aupecaTa: B PHM 4epe3 JIy>KHHKH
(IOHoctb, 59, 4); B l7apHxc! (A. LlexoB); B peaaKUHlo xcypxaJla
(M. FopbxHi-i) ;
B) IiIHpoKO npeaCTaBJIeHbI KOHCTPYKUHH C npeAJioroM -
Ha + Cyu.[. B npeJJ;JIO>KHOM naxe>Ke: Ha riOABoae; Ha McJlbHHue;
Ha ryilsixbe B COKOJIbHHKaX (A. LIexos).
Ha 6a3ape; Ha Kpaio 3eMJI4; Ha nJloTax (M. I'opbxHll).
Ha aByx noJnocax (>, 59, 1); Ha ca614pcxof MarMCTpaJui
( , 59, 1) ; Ha 3eMJIe HoBropoucKOH (,
58,4); Ha3saHHe KapTHH: Ha 6yJlbsape (B. E. MaxoscKHH); Ha
xcaTBe. JIeTO (A. F. BacxeuoB). I'IHTepeCHo nocJleAHee' Ha3BaHHe
KapTHHbI, rae B OAHOM p5IAy c axBep6HaJIb'HbIM CTOHT OAHO00CTaB-
Hoe npexJIO>KeHHe Cp. TO we CaMoe: Ha peKe. BeceHHHe KapTHH-
KH. (A. U. Llexos).
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 E 1.1
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AJ.[Bep6HaJIbHa i KOHCTPYKIXH51 MO}KeT BbICTyHaTb B pOJIH rJIaB-
HorO npeAJioxceHHH: Ha 3eMne, rAe IKHBeT tienOBeK (HHOCTp. JIH-
TepaTypa, 58, 3).
r) To -Ke 3HatIeHHe, HO C OTTeHKOM HanpasneHH$I, HMeeTCSI
npH ynOTpe6JleHHH npeJ[Jlora - Ha C BHHHTeJIbnbIM naAexcoM cy-
utecTBHTe.lbHoro: Ha uennny! (Ka c npeAnoroM - oT, o603HagaioiUerO HCXOAHyIO
TOLIKy, OT'npaBHOl3 nyHKT, H CyLueCTBHTenbHOrO B cpopMe poa., BHH.
naAe}Ka, c npeA ioraMH - Ao, - Ha, Bbtpa}Kaionjero npOCTpaHCT-
BeHHbII3 npeAen. OT IIyTHBnsI AO KapnaT (C. KOBnaK); OT rIOTC
AaMa Ao IlapHxca (3Be3Aa, 58, 12); OT A6aKaHa Ha TacculeT
(>, 59, 102); OT Mapbi Ao BarlpaH-AnH (,
59, 67).
KonH,iecTBO npHMepoB, o603HatlaioMHX npocTpaHCTBO np'H
HOMOMH npexiora H KOCBeHHoro na&e>Ka cyujecTBHTenbxoro,.
MO KHO 6bIJIO 6bi npoAoJnKaTb, yxa3aB Ha TaKHe KOHCTpYKUHH,
KaK npeanor - K + AaT. naaexc, npeajior - nepea + TBOp. na-
Aexc, npeAnor - cpeAH + poA. nauexc, npeajior - c + pox na-
Aexc, npeajior - 3a + TBOp. naAexc, npeajior - y + poA. naAe}x
H T. A., Ho yxce H npHBeAeHHbIIi MaTepHan AoCTaTotleH AJ1H Toro,
LITO6bI y6eAHTbCs B THIIHLIHOCTH paCCMOTpeHHOH CTpyKTypbl.
2) IIpeino3KeHHsl Co 3HatieHHeM BpeMeHH.
3TO 3HatleHHe TaKx{e Bblpa)KaeTCSI npeAJIO}KHO-HMeHHbIMI1
KOHCTpyKUHSIMH:
a) 4)opMOI3 POAHTenbHOrO naAe)Ka CyIueCTBHTenbHorO C npe.n
noraMH - noCne, - HaKaHyHe:
Ilocne 6ana (J1. TOnCTOR); Ilocne TeaTpa; noCne 6eHec }fca
(A. T-iexosa); [Tome ulxonbl (, 59, 3).
6) DOpMOI3 BHHHTenbHOro naAexca CyweCTBHTeJIbHoro c npeA-
noraMH - B, - tiepe3:
B COLienbHHK (M. FOpbKHH) ; B pOH{AeCTBeHCxyIO HOtlb (A. 4e-
x B) ; B AeHb po}KAeHHH (M. TIepMOHTOB) ; B nepBbII3 CHer (KAy:
168
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
fepeA LUTYpMOM AHrpabl (, 58, 2); Ha nyTAx K MaCTepCTBy (>, 59, 3);
Ha nyTH My3bIKaJIbHOrO paCUBeTa (, 58, 9) ;
flo nyTH HeyKJIOHHOrO noa-beMa (, 59, 104). B TaKHX
KOHCTPYKIIH51X LIaCTO HCIIOJIb3yeTCH CJIOBO KHbIMH cOLIe-
TaH'HAMH - BO HMA, B 3aIUHTy, rite CyIljeCTBHTeJIbHb1e yTpa'IHBaloT
,CBoe JIeKCHLleCKoe 3Ha'IeHHe, npH6JIHx{a1Cb K CJIyx{e6HbIM CJIOBaM:
Bo HMA CgaCTbq aewfl (>, 59, 153); Bo HM$
MHpa, BO HMA TOpxKeCTBa KOM'My'HH3Ma (, 59, 6) ;
Bo HMA COUHaJ1H3Ma (,
58, 6) ; B 3alUHTy DpHCTa TeJIbMaHa (M. I'opbKHH) ; B 3aWHTy
O6bIKHOBeHHOro LIeJIOBeKa (, 58, 8).
II. O6-beKTHbIH Thu npeAJlox{eHHH-3arJIaBHH.
3TH npeAJlox{eHHA MOryT Bblpax{aTb pa3Hble 3HaqeHHA, Ha-
nplHMep, CO6CTBeHHO o6'beKTHoe, aapecaTa, OTHOiueHHA H T. A.
1) flpeLJuo KeHHA CO6CTBeHHO o6'beKTHoro 3Ha'leHHA. OHH MO-
ryT COCTOATb:
a) H3 CyLUeCTBHTeJIbHOTO B BHHHTeJIbHOM naAex{e c npeAJro-
rOM - B: B nOBeCTKy AHA (B. MaAK); B a.Ib6oM H. (D. HBaHOBOH
(M. JIepMOHTOB); B LIeCTb CJIaBHOH rOAOBIUHHbI (>,
59, 129) ; B noIAepx(Ky O6BHHAeMb1x no cAeJiy MauyxaBa >
(nflpasaa>>, 59, 147) ;
6) H3 CyJUeCTBHTeJlbxorO B npeAJIOlKHOM najex{e c npeAJio-
roM - B: B 6opb6e 3a peaJIH3M (, 58, 10); B noroHe 3a
npH6bIJIHMH (; 0
no HX BeJIHKOi1 pa6oTe; 0 KyJlbType (M. FOpbKHH).
0 JHO6BH; 0 apaMe; 0 Bpe) a Ta6aKa; 0 6peHHOCTH. MacJle-
HHgHa5I TeMa jiJISI npono'BejiH (A. LIexoB).
0 jiBH>KeHHH TpeTberO HCKyCCTBeHHoro CnyTHHKa 3eMJIH
(). Ta'Kau KOHCTpyKUH51 MO}KeT BXO.I HTb B COCTaB
CJIO}KHOnojLLHHeHHOrO npejjJIo KeHH51 B CpYHKUHH rjlaBHOro:
0 4H)Ke, KOTOpbiii Jiraji, H 0 AATJIe, Jno6HTejIe HCTHHbI
(M. rOpbKHfi) ;
0 Tex, KTO UJTYPMyeT APKTHKy (Becejia no p&z HO); 0 Tex,
KTO 3a6bIBaeT ypOKH HCTOp'HH (, 59, 117).
MO}KHO 6bluio 6bI OTMeTHTb H pyre CTpyKTypbI C Ha3BaHHbIM
3HageHHeM, Hanp'HMep, TBOpHTeJIbHbII-i 6eCnpejjJlo}KHbIFi (BJIaCTbIO,
jiaHHON jipaMaTypry. , 58, 2); pojiHTeJIbHbIfi c npeiuio-
roM - y (Y ra3a 6e3 ra3a. , 59, 53); pojix-
TeJIbHbIIi c npejLJloroM - npOTHB (fIpOTHB rHeTa MOHOfOJIHfi.
>, 59, 12) ; BHHHTeJlbHbIIi c npej[JIoroM - 3a (3a pa3BH-
THe couxaJlHcTHgecxoro HCKYCCTBa. , 58, 1); BHHH-
TenbHbIii c npej[J1oroM - Ha (Ha HpH3bIB 0 1OMOniH. ,
59, 106); BHHHTe.IbHbIH 6eCnpeJLJio}(HbIfi (JIHTepaTypy - AeT5iM.
M. Fopbu iii; aopory rHapojio6bige. , 59, 17; XH-
MHIO - Ha cJly}K6y Hapogy. , 58, 9).
2) flpe.iiJio>KeHH51 CO 3HageHHeM ajipecaTa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
a) flpoAyKTHBHbIM CHOCO6oM Bblpa)KeHHSI 3TOrO 3HaMe$HSi
SIBJIHeTCH J[aTenbHbIH 6ednpej[JION{HbIH Cyul.eCTBHTeJIbHOrO. AaH-
Hbie KOHCTPYKUHH H COAep}KaT yKa3aHHe JIHua HJIH npe,MeTa, KO-
TopOMy LITO-JIH6o aJLpecyeTCH, 4TO-JIH60 HanpaBJleHO, npeu(nocaa-
Ho. L apio H ero noMeluHKaM; CJIaBSIHCKOMy c'be3Ay B POCCHH
(JI. TOJICTOH).
AHOHHMaM H nceBAOHHMaM; fyMaHHCTaM; IIHOHepaM Mo-
CKOBCKOH o6JIaCTH (M. FOpbKHH).
BaM; Te6e, JIHJIS11 HauIeMy ioHOInecTBy (B. MaSIK.). OTMeue'-
HbI yCJIO}KHeHHbie KOHCTPYKIHH:
LIeJIOBeKy, xoASIIueMy BO TbMe (M. TBeH); TeM, KTO XOgeT
BOcHbI (, 59, 10); He(pTexH-
M'HH - mHpoxylo Aopory (, 59, 96). HameH cTpaHe -
MOLUHYIO JlecoxHMHIO (, 59, 124). LIeTKylo ABOHHYiO
CTpyKTypy,Co 3HaneHHeM uaBYX KOCBeHHbIX o6'beKTOB HMe1OT npeu-
JIO}KeHHSI, BCTpeiialoLuHecsl Ha naMHTHHKaX: FepoxM BaJIKaHCKOH
BOHHbI no OCBo60}KAeHHIO CJIaBSIH OT Typeuxoro Hra - OT 4acTei
3 YKpaHHCKoro (4pOHTa no5eAOHOCHOH COBeTCKOH ApMHH (HaA-
n}Cb Ha naMSITHHKe repos IIIHIIKH B BOJlrapHH) ; H. B. foro.IK1 OT
CoBeTCKoro flpaBHTeJIbCTBa (naMsTHHK B MOCKBe).
3TO 3HalieHHe MO}KeT 6bITb Bblpa)KeHO H CO~IeTallHeM
bHOrO C n eAJIOrOM?
I p
e
J
CTBHT
- a) aaTeJIbHbIfI nauLe}K cyiueCTBHTeji
K 61oCTY 3aBoeBaTeJlsl; K Apy y'CTHXOTBOPuY, (A Or YmxltH);
K AyxoseHCTBy; K ny6JIHKe (JI. ToncTOH);
K HTaJIbHHuaM; K HHOCTpaHHbIM pa60XIHM (M. ropbKHH).
B 3HageHHH TBKHX npeAJloxceHHH 3aMeTeH oTTeHOK o6pa-
iueH'HSI.
6) BHHHTeJIbHbIH nauexc cyiueCTBHTeJIbHOro c npeAJIOrOM --
Ha: Ha KapTHHy PeM6paHATa; Ha CTaTyio Hrpalou(ero B 6a6KH;
Ha A. A. )LasbIAOBy (A. flymKHH);
B) pou[HTeJIbnbHH naae}K c npeu(JloroM - Anse:
AJISI ABaauaTHJIeTHHx ( , 58, 1) ; AJISi Bac, JIIo6o3Ha-
TeJlbHbie ( , 59, 51) ; AJI51 TeX, KOMy }KHTb B KOMMy-
HH3Me (, Y4neArn3, 1950 H CCJIOHCHoe
npeAJIo)KeHHe H ero CTpyKTypHble THnbIO, KBonpocbl a3bIKO3HaHHa31, Ne 2,
1959.
6 M3AaHHe AKaAeMHH HayK CCCP, M., 1954.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
4ecKHX THROB cJIO}KHOHQaIIHHeHHbIX npeAJio}KeH'HIi. I'IX 3aI aqa 6o-
.nee CKpOMHa5i - HaMeTHTb TOJIbKO oCHOBHble THnbI.
YKa3aHHble pa6oTbl, 3a HCKJIIOLIeHHeM nocJIeAHeIi CTaTbH
H. C. IIocnejlosa, nlHpoKO H3BeCTHbI, H n03TOMy aBTOpbI orpa,HH-
4HBaIOTCH KpaTKHM aHaJIH30M TOJIbKO 9TOfi CTaTbH.
H. C. Iloc'ne.loB HCXOAHT > 3.
YCTaHOBHB 3TO OCHOBHOe pa3JIHgHe, H. C. rlocneJIOB Ae.IaeT
rI&HbITKy BbIAeJIHTb 6o.nee 4aCTHble CTpyKTypHble THnbI B Kpyry
Hepaci4iieHeHHbIX H paCgjleHeHHbIX CJIO}KHOROAgHHeHHbIX RpeAJio-
}KeHHfi.
CaMH nPHHIHHbI ceMaHTIlKO-CTpyKTypHoro aHa.IH3a, KOTOpble
H. C. II'OcneJloB, pa3BHBa5I MbICJIH B. A. BoropoAHrKoro, KJIaAeT
B OCHOBY KJIaCCHfpHKagHH, He BbI3bIBaIOT B03pa}KeHHI3. IUeHHOCTb H
nepcneKTHBHOCTb HX, B cpaBHeHHH C ApyrHMH KJIaCCHCpHKauHOH-
HbIMH I]pHHLHnaMH, HecoMHeHHa. OAHaKO HeCOMHeHHO TaKxce,
4TO BCe MHOroo6pa3He CJIO}KHOROAIIHHeHHbIX KOHCTpyKuHH He HC-
4ep'IIbIBaeTCH BbIAeJIeHHbIMH B CTaTbe CTPYKTypHbIMH THRaMH (Aa
H cam aBTOp He CTaBHT nepeA co60fi TaKOIf 3aaa4H); Tpe6yloT
yTO'qHeH'He rpaHHgbl OTAeJIbHbIX ceMaHTHKO-CTpyKTypHbIX THROB H
HX ceMaHTH'KO-fpOpMaJlbHble XapaKTepHCTHKH. B 3TOM Ha'npaBJle-
HHH, OlqeBHAHO, H AOJI}KHa BeCTHCb pa6oTa.
B AaJlbHeI3IIfeM, B AaHHOIi CTaTbe, HCROJIb3yJOTCH OTAeJIbHble
fl0JIO}KeHH5I H TepMHHbI H3 pa60TbI H. C. Ilocrie.nosa, oco6eHHO
RpH aHaJIH3e npHCy6CTaHTHBHO-onpej eJIHTeJIbHOr0 H McCTOHMeH-
HO-000THOCHTeJIbHOrO THROB, npH BbIAeJieHHH 1OCTHO3HTHBHo-pac-
I KBonpocbl A3bIKO3HaHHA'A, .N9 2, 1959 r., CTp. 19.
2 Tam we, cTp. 20.
3 Tam ,Ke.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
UPOCTpaHHTeJ1bHbUX H npen03HTHBHO-B3aHMO06yCJIOBjieHHbIX ABy- I
4JIeH,HbIX KOHCTpyKI[HH. HH}Ke npeAJlaraeTCA nonbITKa KJIaccM4)li-
KauIH CTpyKTypHO-ceMa'HTH4eCKHX THnOB KaK oJHo4JIeHHbIX (He-
pacq.neHeHHbIX), TaK 'H 1(By'iJIeHHbIX (pac4JIeHeHHbIX) CJIO)KHO-
no gHHeHHbIX npeLJIO}KeHHIi.
OAHOgJIEHHb1E CJI0)KHO-IIOA9HHEHHbIE IIPEAJIO)KEHH$I
OAHouu1eHHble CJI0}KH01I0A4'HHeHHb1e npeAJIO}KeHHH AeJISHTCSI
Ha CJIe.y)oLUHe OCHOBHble CTpyKTypHO-CeM'aHTHqeCKHe THnbI:''
1) npHcy6CTaHTH'BiHO-OTHOCHTeJIbHblfl22) McCTO?HMeHHO-000THOCH-
TeJIbHbII3, 3) OTHOCHTeJlbHO-H3'bSTCHHTeJIbHbIH, 4) C0103H0-iH3'bSIC-
HHTeJlbHbIN, 5) .MeCToHMeHH0-C0103HbIIM COOTHOCHTeJIbHbI'H.
1. nPHCy6CTaHTHBH0-OTHOCHTCJIbHbIfi THE
CJIO}KHonoA4HHeHHbie npeAJlo)KeHHSI 9Tor0 THna xapaKTepH-
3ylOTCH TeM, LITO npHAaTO4HaSI 4aCTb OTHOCHTCH K HMeHH Cy1ueCT-
BHTeJIbHOMy HJIH ApyroMy Cy6CTaHTHBHPOBaHHOMy CJI0By B rnaB-
HO)I 4aCTH (He3aBHCHMO OT TOrO, KaKHM 4JIeHOM npeAJIo)KeHHSI
HpJIHeTCSI cyueCTBHTeJIbHoe HJIH cy6CTaHTHBHPOBaHHOe CJIOBO), a
TaK)Ke OTHOCHTeJIbHbIM nOAgHHeHHeM H nOCTnO3HTHBHbIM no.noiKe-
HHeM npHAaT04HOH 4aCTI1.
OqeHb UeHHbIMH SIBJIHIOTCSI Ha6JI1oAeHHH H. C. Ilocne116Ba
HaA ABYMH pa3HOBHAHOCT5IMH AaHHoro THna. B OAHHX npeAJlo)Ke-
HHSIX JAaHHOro THna npHAaTO4HaH 4aCTi, BbInOJIHSieT TOJIbKO onpe-
AeJIHTeJIbHy1o 4 yHKI[HIO, TaK 4TO CJIO3KHoe npeAJIO)KeHHe HBJIHeTCS1
B nOJIHOM cMbICJIe 3TOro cJiosa OAH04JIeHHbIM; B ApyroM - npH-
,l(aT04Ha51 qaCTb coAep)KHT HOBoe coo6uJeHHe H npH6.nwKaeTC5IS'K
ABy4JleHHbIM (pac'JIeHeHHbIM) THnaM.
B nepBOM c.)y4ae, no Han1HM Ha6JnoAeHHHM, 06bI'H0' B03-
Mo)KHa, a HHorAa H o6513aTeJIbHa nOCTaHOBKa nepeA HMeHeM yKa-
3aTejIbHoro McCTOHMeHHH 1, BO BTOpOM - TaKaH nOCTaHOBKa pe-
luwreJlbHO HeB03M0}KHa.
Cp., HanpHMep: 1) JIec, B KOTopbla Mbl BCTynUAU, 6biA Kpe3?
6bjlcauHo crap. (T.) H 2) 06Aa(iKO o6parunocb B 6eAyio Tytiy,
Koropast Ts ICCIZO noabiAtanacb, pocAa u nocrenekrco o6AeaaAa
He6o. (TI). B nepBOM npHMepe Bo3MO)KHa noCTaHOBKa yKa3aTeJIb-
Horo McCTOHMeHHSI nepeA CJIOBOM Aec (cp.: TOT Aec, B KOTOpbi 7...)
BO BTOpOM - HeB03MO)KHa, TaK KBK npeAJIo)KeHHe no CMbICJIy ABy
4JIeHHO.
KaxceTCSi, 0TJIH4aIoTCSI Apyr OT Apyra ABy4JIeHHble H OAHO
4JIeHHble CTpyKTyPbl H no HHTOHaUHH: npH ABy4JIeHHOCTH MexcA)
4aCTAMH CJIO%HOTO uenoro 06bI'HbI HHTOHaUHOHHble cnaAbl I
nay3bl.
cECAH OTHOCHTeabHOe CAOBO OTHOCHTCH KO BceMy rnaBHoMy npeAAO)Ke
HHIO, a He K OTAeAbHOMy ero 9AeHy, TO B raaBHOM npeAJIO)KeHHH He ~K P
K
6MTb yKa3aTeJlbnoro CAOBa' (A. M. 3 e M C K H A. C. E. K p w
M. B. C B e T n a e B, PyCCKHit 93HK, 4. II. YYneACH3, 19w, crp. 99);
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
If. MecTUHMeHHO-cooTHOCHTeabHMfi THn
K 3TOMy THny OTHOCSITCH CJIO)KHOIIOAAHHeHHble oAHOUJIeHHble
CTpyKTypb, KOTOpble XapaKTepH3ylOTCA HaJIHMHeM OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX
McCTOHMeHHIi (cylueCTBHTeJIbHblX, npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX H HapeilHli) B
npH,aaTO1qHOH qaCTH H COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIX HM yKa3aTeJIbHbIX McCTO-
HMeHHFi (Tex )Ke Mop(4OJIorHtieCKHX KJIaCCOB) - B rJIaBHO1i xiaCTH;
npH 3TOM, 04eBHAHO, TaKoe COOTHOIIIeHHe HY)KHO npH3HaTb 0651.3a-
Te.IIbHbIM, onpeAeji no uHM AaHHbIIi THn. H. C. flocneJIOB OTHOCHT
cioila TaKHe npeAJI03KeHHA, KaK 1) KTO seceA, TOT CMeeTCn.
P.-K.); 2) 0 TOT, KO.O FIUKTO He Jlio6UT. (JI.); 3) Ba6ylUKa rce
nOHAAa TOGO, iiTO OH CKa3ail. (''alb.); 4) KaKOe non, TaKO8 u npu-
xoa; 5) OH xUBeT TaM, Kyda JIeTaIOT TOAbKO Ha caMOAeTax.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, B npe,e.nax aaHHOrO THna o6'beAHHrnoTC5I Ha
OCHOBe KOHCTpYKTHBHOIi CB5I3H BeCbMa pa3JIHLIHbie no CHHTaKCH4e-
CKOIi (pyHKILHH yKa3aTeJIbHOrO McCTOHMeHH$ B rJIaBHOIi qaCTH
npeJLJlo}KeHHH (H TaK Ha3bIBaeMble npHgaTOLIHble nolLJIe KaIUHble,
H CKa3yeMOCTHble, H AOnOJIHHTeJIbHble, H pa3JIHqHble 06CTOHTeJIb-
CTBeHHble npeJWlo)KeHHl).
XapaKTepHeliuieli CTpYKTypHOIi OCO6eHHOCTbIO AaHHorO THna,
no YTBep)KJjeHHIO H. C. flocneaioaa, SIBJIgeTCH TO, 'ITO xe
paclmHpsieT ceMaHTH4eCKHe B03MO)KHOCTH McCTOHMeHHbIX COOTHO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
weHHLI; cp.: Bce, 'ITO Mot, Tbc yice C06epuUUA. (H); Kai,Cablu, KTO
kecTeH, BCTaib C naJtilu BiLecTe. (dl. OUIaiiUH). COOTHOCHTeJIbHble
yKa3aTeJIbHbie H onpeAeJIHTeJIbHble McCTOHMeHHSI B rJIaBHOI3 LIacm
paccMOTpeHHbIX npe,IjJIO}KeHHcI HeCOMHeHHO Cy6CTaHTHBHPYIOTC.9.
Bce 9TH coo6pa}KeHH9 IIPHBOASIT K BbIBOAy, TO KOHCTPYKI[HH C CO-
OTHOCHTeJIbHbIMH napaMH TO-+LTO, TOT-KTO npeACTaBJl5uoT, MO}KeT
6bITb, OTAeJlbHyfO CTpyKTypHO-ceMaHTHtieCKy1o rpynny B npeAe.nax
AaHHoro THna, rpynny, 6onee 6JIH3KyIO K npeAbIAyujeMy nplicy6-
CTaHTHBHO-aTPH6yTHBHOMy THny. HO3TOMy 3Ty rpynny MO}KHO
Ha3BaTb aTpH6yTHBHO-McCTOHMeHHO-000THOCHTeJibHOIi.
HaKOHeU, HaH60JIee CJIO)KHbIM BOnPOCOM SIBJISIeTCSI OTHeceHi4e
B aaHHbIH THn KOCBeHHO-BOHPOCHTeJIbHbIX KOHCTpyKIjHH, KOTOphie,
C OAHOH CTOpOHbI, HMeIOT OTHOCHTeJIbHOe nOaXIHHeHHe, a c Apyroli
CTOPOHbI, OT'HOCSITCSI K H3b5ICHHTeJlbHbIM rJIarOJIaM, npH KOTOPbTX
MO?KeT 6bITb, a MO}KeT H He 6bITb COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIX yKa3aTeJIbHSIX
McCTOHMeHHIf, HJIH, .nylIiue CKa3aTb, npH KOTOpbIX 3TH McCTOHMe-
HHH gaCTO He SIBJISIIOTCSI K0HCTPyKTHBHO o65I3aTeJIbHbIMH. f peAJIO-
3KeHHe, KOTOpi i i H. C. IlocneJloB HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT AaHHbIIi THn
(McCTOHMeHHO-COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIii) : Ba6yulKa He nOKSi. is TOOO, KTO
OM cKa3aJl. (1aa.) - HHKaK He yKJIaAbIBaeTCS1 B paMKH McCTO-
HMeHHO-COOTHOCHTeJIbHoro THny no CJIeAy1ou HM npHTIHHaM:
1) o eBHAHO, TITO npHJ aTOtIHa5I HaCTb B AaHHOM CJiytiae BOCHOJI-
HHeT JIeKCHtieCKyio HenOJIHOI[eHHOCTb H3'b5ICHHTeJIbHoro r.narojia
nOHSLTb, o6JiaJaioHjero CHJIbHbIM KOHCTPYKTHBHbIM ynpaBJieHHeM;
2) B CBSI3H C 3THM yKa3aTeJIbHoe CJIOBO TOGO He SIBJISIeTCSI COOTHO-
CHTeJlbHbIM McCTOHMeHHIO TO, TaK KaK B 3TOM cJiytlae B03M0}KHbI
COtIeTaHHSI yKa3aTeJlbHOrO McCTOHMeHHSI TOGO C CaMbIMH pa3JIHtI-
HbIMH OTHOCHTeJlbHbIMH CJIOBaMH; cp.: Ba6ytuKa He noHAAa TOGO,
Kaic OH 3T0 caenaA, OTKyOa Y Woo 83AAUCb aeHbau, 3akeM OK
SLBUACX H T. A.
Cp. 3T0 npeAJIO}KeHHe Co CJIeAy1ouuHM npeAJlo}KeHHeM, aeIiCT-
BHTeJIbHO SIPKO npeJ1CTaBJIH1ou]$M AaHHbIIi CTPyKTypHblli THn: CO-
6aKa npuHecAa TO, TlTO ell eene/lu, - B KOTOPOM 000THOCHTeJIb-
HOCTb McCTOHMeHHIi TO-LITO o65I3aTeJIbHa H HHKaKHe 3aMeHbI He-
BO3MO?KHbl. OtleBHAHO, 'ITO npeAJIO3KeHHfMH McCTOHMeHHO-Co-
OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO THny MO KHO C'HTaTb TOJIbKO TaKHe, B KOTOpbIX
OTHOCHTeJIbHoe McCTOHMeHHe npHAaTOtIHOH 'IaCTH COOTHOCHTCSI C
yKa3aTeJIbHbIM McCTOHMeHHeM rJIaBHOH tiaCTH, CT05IMHM He npH
H3'bSICHHTeJIbHbIX rJiaro.naX. B nocJIeAHeM c.nytlae MbI 6yAeM HMCTb
OCO6b1li CTPyKTyPHb1Ii THn HeCOOTHOCHTeJIbHoro McCTOHMeHHO-BO-
npOCHTeJIbHoro nOA11HHeHH51.
CBoeo6pa3HON pa3H0BHAHOCTbI0 McCTOHMeHH0-000THOCHTeJ1b-
HOI'O THHa SIBJISIIOTCH CJIO)KHOHOATIHHeHble KOHCTpyKIIHH C
yTOtIHHTeJIbHbIM 3Hat4eHHeM, KOTOPOe B03HHKaeT B pe3yJlbTaTe
OTHeceHHSI npHAaTOtIHOH tiaCTH K allajiorHEIHOMY no CHHTaK-
CHtieCKOIi ()YHKUHH tiJleHy rJIaBHOH tiaCTH, Bblpa)KeHHOMy nOJIHO-
3HaMeHaTeJlbHbIM CJIOBOM. 3aHHMasi, TaKHM o6pa3OM, nO3HL HK)
o6oco6JIeHHoro yTOTIHsnoujero TajieHa npeAJIo)KeHH9, npH.I[aTO'IHasi
12* 179
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
,qacTb, eCTecTBeHHO, HMeeT TO )Ke 3HaleHHe. McCTOHMeHHaSI COOT-
HOCHTeJIbHOCTb, XapaKTepHaSI AJISI AaHHOrO CTpyKTypHOrO THria,
IIPH 3TOM 06bI'HO He HapyiuaeTCSI. TeopeTHqeCKH, B KageCTBe
yTOgHHTeJIbHbIX, MO)KHO ce6e IIpeACT5BHTb Bce BHAbI CJIO)KHOIIOA-
gHHeHHbIX KOHCTpYKUHH, BXOASIIIIHX B AaHHblli THn (KpoMe cjiyqa-
eB, Korja yKa3aTeJIbHOe CJIOBO SIBJISIeTCSI CKa3yeMbIM B TJIaBHO1i
gaCTH). HaIIpHMep: 1) Oaut U3 COTpyaHUKOB, TOT, Ka K020 xKe
yKa3anu, 03HaKOMUA McHR c pa6orou; 2) Cnpaea or aopo'u,
Tax, tae KatiuitaAacb pou4a, ycrpouAu nrul4e?epxy; 3) OK noAy-
tcuA 5 6UAeTO6, CTOAbKO, CKOAbKO npocuA; 4) fleAO cya peluuA
6 nOAb3y Marepu, TaK, KaK ece. u ooicuaanu H T. A.
OAHaKO HaH60Jiee ynOTpe6HTeJIbHbIMH H3 BCeX 3THX KOHCT-
pyK1(HII OKa3bIBaIOTCH KOHCTPYKL[HH C IIpHjlaTOTHbIMH, YTOgHBIO-
1L(HMH o6CTOSiTeJIbCTBa MCCTa H BpeMeHH. HaIIpHMep: 1) C TRVICe-
AbNM TOnoTOM KpaCKbie Aa8UKbl noHeCAUCb enepea - Tyaa, ? ae
KeMK020 Cnpaea, 3a kepHbtMU aepeebiMU orpaycaAacb a Ay1ICe
eOabl pa32opaiou4aRCR noAoca 3apu. (A. H. TA), 2) ToAbKo noce-
peauae, Tax, tae lcoAecaxu u KonbiTaMu aopoaa 636ura, lcaK
nyxo6UK, 83pb68alOTCR nblAbKbte KAy6bc. (H. )y6oe).
YKa3aTeJIbHbie CJIOBa B 3TOM cJIygae, KaK H B0o61IIe B AaH}IOM
THIIe, MOI'yT OTCyTCTBOBaTb. Cp.: 1) Bnepe(3u, tae OCTaAaCb pou4a,
CTORAU 6epe3bl .(Y.); 2) Tenepb, K02aa ceepulei onacKbla nyrb,
poauMblu Kpali OHU y3penu. (11.).
B CBSI3H C yTOLIH5IIO1UHMH BpeMeHHbIMH KOHCTPYK11HHMH Heo6-
XOAHMO OTMeTHTb, TO B HHX McCTOHMeHHaHI COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTb B
3Ha HTeJIbHOFi Mepe HapyluaeTCSI 3a ctieT BbIBeTpHBaHHA MecTo-
HMeHHOI'O 3HageHHSI B CJIOBe K02aa. OAHaKO 6JIH30CTb BpeMeHHb1X
H McCTHbIX KOHCTPYKLUHH B 3HageHHH YTOgHeHHSI He BbI3bIBaeT
COMHeHHH, Cp.: OaaaXabl, Ko2aa OK (ubleaaOK) cnaA nocJle
o6eaa 6 Kyxne Ka noAaTRx, eMy KaKpacuAU Au4o c/iyKCU-
itOM. (M. r.).
fpHAaTOIIHao 'IacTb, yTO'IHSII01i[asl 3Ha'IeHHe McCTa H BpeMe-
HH, Mo)KeT OTHOCHTbCH He TOJIbKO K 06CTOHTeJIbCTBaM, Bblpa)KCH-
HbIM Hape'HHMH, KaK 3TO 6bIJI0 BO BCeX IIpHBeAeHHbIX BbILIIe IIpH-
MepaX, HO H K o6CTOSITeJlbCTBaM, BbIpa)KeHHbIM HMeHeM CyLUeCT-
BHTeJIbHbIM. HaIIpHMep: 1) Oita (HaTaAb.) 8ce2aa crapaAacb
uaTU no Kanpa8Aeitulo K C8eTAOMy Kparo Ke6a, Tax, tae 3apa co-
peAa, a tie K TeMKOMy. (T.); 2) Ha pacc8eTe, Koaaa oKoutuAacb
apruAAepuucKaA noaeoro8Ka, noAK nepelueA a KacrynAeriue
(CTae.).
DTH H noA06Hbie npeAJIO}KeHHSI, IIpH OTCyTCTBHH yKa3aTeJIb-
HbIX CJIOB, HMe1OT IIepeXOAHbI i xapaKTep, MOT ObITb HOHSITbI H
KaK CTpyKTypbI nepBorO THIIa H KaK CTpyKTypbi BTOpOTO. Oco6eH-
HO 3T0 KacaeTCSi KOHCTPYK1HH C npHAaTO'HbIMH gaCTSIMH, yTOq-
HHIOLLLHMH McCTO. HaIIpHMep: BaTaAbOK oKonaAC. y poU4u, tae
npoxoauAa 60Abu4asi aopo2a. 3Aecb, Ka]KeTCSI, Heo6XOAHMa nOCTa-
HOBKa yKa3aTeJIbHOTO McCTOHMeHHSI, 'T06bl IIOJIy'HTb yTOgHHTeJIb-
180
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Hoe 3HaLIeHHe. IIpH OTCyTCTBHH yKa3aTeJIbHOrO McCTOHMeHH31 ABy-
CMbICJ1eHHOCTb MoJKeT 6bITb yCTpaHeHa oco6oii IIOSICHHTeJIbHOf1
HHTOHaIUIeii.
B KOHCTPYKUHHX C TPHAaTOLIHOff LIaCTbIO, yTOLIHAnou. eff Bpe-
MSI, HaJIHLIHe yKa3aTeJIbHOrO CJIOBa, no yKa3aHHbIM BbILIIe npHLIH-
HaM, OTHIOAb He o6$I3aTeJIbHO, n03TOMy TaKHe KOHCTPYKII,HH ropa3-
AO Lnxpe ynoTpe6JI$IOTCH npH cylueCTBHTeJlbHbIX, LieM KOHCTpyK-
gHH, yTOLIHA oigHe McCTO. HHKaKOIi ABYCMbICJIeHHOCTH npH 3TOM
He Ha6JiloAaeTC5q, o1IeBHAHO, HOTOMy, LITO Hapuuy C yTOLIHHIOLLLHMH
CBSI3SIMH (c 06CTOSITeJIbCTBaMH) npHAaTO'iHasI LiaCTb B 3THX KOH-
CTPYKLjHHX HMeeT H ApyrHe CBSI3H (c npeAHKaTOM rJIaBHOii LIaCTH),
KOTOpble pa3pyiualoT McCTOHMeHHYIO COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTb H BbI3bI-
BaIOT nepexoA McCTOHMeHHSI KOada B C0103. ,
III. H3bsiCHHTeJIbHO-OTHOCHTeJIbHbIN THH (KOCBeHHbIH BOHpOC).
,IaHHbIIi THn XapaKTepH3yeTCA TeM, LITO npHAaTOLIHas LIaCTb
nPHCOe,aHHHeTCH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIMH McCTOHMeHHMH (cyujeCTBHTeJIb-
HbIMH, npHJiaraTeJIbHbIMH, Hape4H5IMH, LIHCJIHTeJIbHbIMH) K H3'b5lC-
.HHTeJIbHOMy riiaro iy HJIH CJIOBY KaTerOPHH COCTOHHHSI, HMeioiue-
My H3-bs1CHHTeJIbHbIH CMbICJI H Hy)KAaiouleMycSI B 06513aTeJIbHOM
(KOHCTPYKTHBHOM) ynpaBJIeHHH.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, 3TOT THn, KaK H npeabIAyiaHe, 9BJIAeTCA He-
paCLIJleHeHHbIM,'OAHOLuuleHHbIM. OT McCTOHMeHHO-000THOCHTeJIbHO-
rO THna ero OTJIHLIaeT, KaK y}Ke rOBOPHJIOCb, OTCYTCTBHe McCTO-
HMeHHOIi COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTH H HCKJIIOLIHTeJIbHOe nOJIOMKeHHe npH
H3'bHCHHTeJIbHbIX rJiaroJiax HJIH CJIOBaX KaTeropaH COCTOHHH51 C
H3'b5lCHHTeJlbHbIM 3HageHHeM. OT CJieAyioiuero H3b5CHHTeJIbHO-CO-
103HOr0 THna (CM. HH}Ke) ero OTJIHLIaeT OTHOCHTeJlbHoe nOALIHHe-
HHe. I'1 OT Toro H OT apyrorO THna ero OTJIH'IaeT 6owiee HJIH McHee
ACHO Bblpa}KeHHOe 3HagieHHe KOCBeHHOTO BOnpoca H BO3MO)KHOCTb
.ino6oii OTHOCHTeJlbHOH 3aMeHb1 (cp.: Cnpocuit, KTO, Kyaa, 3atieM
nolue/l H T. A.).
CoOTHOCHTeJIbHble yKa3aTeJlbHbie CJIOBa rjiaBHOIi LIaCTH He
npeJCTaBJIAK)TCA B AaHHOM THne CTOJIb xce o6513aTeJIbHbIMH, KaK B
npe,waymeM. H C HCTOpHLieCKOii TOLIKH 3peHHA OHH, ogeBHAHO,
BTOPHLIHbI1? Heo6XOAHMO nog'lepKHyTb, LITO npeAJIO}KeHH$ 3TOr0
THna OTHOCAT'C51 HMeHHO K.rJIar0JiaM H CJIOBaM KaTeropHH 000TOH-
HH9 C H3'bHCHHTeJIbHbIM'3Ha'leHHeM, HMeIOLUHM CHJIbHOe (KOHCT-
pyKTHBHoe) ynpaBJleHHe, a He K CKa3yeMOMy. B 9TOM y6EiKAaeT
Hac 1 ) HeB03MO>KHOCTb TaKHX npeAJio}KeHHii npH HMeHHbIX CKa3ye-
ML1X :i 2) BO3MO)KHOCTb HX npH rJIarOJIbHbIX (lopMaX, He ABJI51l0-
I Cp., HanpHMep, y T. rl. JI O M T e B a B KHOCTb npen03HTIiB-
HorO ynOTpe6JIeHHH - BCe 3T0 rOBOpHT 0 TOM, 'iTO 3AeCb MbI HMe-
eM COBepuIIed-IHO ocO6ble KOHCTpyKIjHH.
CBoeo6pa3HeM OTJIHLIaeTCA H CMbICJIOBoe COOTHOIITeHHe TdaCTei
B COCTaBe CJIwKHOI'O gejior'0 B AaHHOM THne. ECJIH COIIOCTaBHTb
I CM. BbiaeneHHe rpynnbl H3-bHCHHTenbabix npeuno KeHH$ B , CHal[aTb C TOrO, 4TO...N H T. TI., rnaBHas
MbICnb 3aKJnoMeHa B npH,gaTO'Hb[X npep,nowKeHHHX, nOX4HHeHHbIx, nOCpe1ICTBOM
C0103a . (B. K a T a e B,
3a BJIaCTb COBeTOB, il. 1, rJi. 2); , (M. I' O p b K H Ii, )KH3Hb
KHHMa CaMFHHa, T. 20, 4. II, CTp. 400).
B pOJIH CTep)KHeBOI'O CJIOBa B CJIOBOCOTieTaHHAX C Hape4HAMH
McCTa BbICTynaIOT H CyiueCTBHTeJlbHble C OTBJIe4eHHbIM Ka4eCT-
BeHHbIM 3Ha4eHHeM. B 3THX CJIOBoco1eTaHHHX Hape4HH, onpeAe-
JIAA cyLueCTBHTeJIbHble, yKa3bIBaIOT Ha MCCTO HPOABJIeHHA npH3-
HaKa, Ha3BaHHOTO cylueCTBHTeJIbHbIM: HeH3BeCTHOCTb BnepeAH,
nyCTOTa HaBepXy, rJIy6HHa BHH3y, paAOCTb BnepeAH.
KHbiM HOJlHuefiCKHM COJIASTOM Hasepxy nepaax
6p'oCHJIaCb B rJla3a...>. (A. re p u e H, KTO BHHOBaT?,
CTp. 184) ; . (M. I' o p b-
K H H, )KH3Hb KJIHMa CaMrHHa, T. 20, cTp. 445).
I-IpOCTpaHCTBeHHble HapeLIHH, yKa3b1BaIOLUHe B rJIarOJIbHbIX
CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHHX Ha HanpaBJleHHe ABH>KeHH%, B COgeTaHHHX C
fierJlaroJIbHbIMH cyLUeCTBHTeJIbHbIMH KOHKpeTHO-npeAMeTHOro 3Ha-
zfeHHSI HJIH Ha3BaHHfi JIHL, yKa3bIBa1OT McCTOHaxo)KIeHHe npeAMe-
Ta HJIH JIHua: H36a HanpaBO, ABepH HaJIeBO, JIeCOK HaJIeBO.
KHeBbIM CJIOBOM B 3THX
CJIOBOCogeTaHHHX MOryT BbICTynaTb CyIUeCTBHTeJIbHbie C KOHKpeT-
Ho-npeLMeTHbIM H OTBJIe'LIeHHbIM 3HageHHeM, CeMBHT'Hv4eCKH COOT-
HOCHTedibHble c rJIaroJIaMH, HMeIOIuHMH C rJIarOJIaMH o6iuyio ce-
MaHTHqeCKyK> Haeio: nOAHHMaTbCA HaBepx - JIeCTHHIja Hasepx,
HAeM BnepeA - Aopora BnepeA, CTpeJI5IOT cJleBa - OCOHb cJlesa,
KpH9aTb CHapy>KH - roJIOC CHapy>KH.
OTHOweHHH Mexcay gJIeHaMH CJIOBOco'IeTaHHH onpeaeJlHTeJIb-
HbIC C npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM OTTeH'KOM. HapeqHe BHOCHT aonOJIHH-
TeJIbHbIH OTTeHOK o6luerO HanpaBJIeHHH: nyTb BnepeA, TpOHHHKa
BHH3, Aopora BAaJib, KOpHAOP HaJIeBO.
g,IIeCTHHIja HaBepX, B ee KOMHaTy, BbIXO,ILHJ1a Ha n.loiuaAKy
6oJIbLIIO9 BXOAHO i TenJIo JIeCTHHUbI>. (JI. T o n C T O 13, AH-
Ha KapeHHHa, H. 1, rji. 21); Ke
BeceJi, KBK nyTb TyAa>? (JI. T O JI C T O H, AHHa KapeHHHa,
9. 6, r.m. 13) ; e Iio Aopore BnepeA H npOTHB 'caMOro ce6x HA-
TH npHXO i(HTCSI>. (M. r o p b K H I3, MaTb).
HapeqHe MO>KeT YKa3bIBaTb Ha HCXOZjHbIH H HKT nOABJIeHHSI
TipeaMeTa: ro.noc CHapyKKH, orOHb cJleBa, OyepeAb CHH3y.
K- 3aecb, BaLue 6JiaropoaHe>, - oTBeqaJi Miie ro.moc CBep-
xy>. (A. C. rl y III K H H, KaHHTaHCKaH aOxIKa, CTp. 263) ;
Ke K McCTy, qeM nOJIgaCa Ha3aa, Koraa canepbi nepexo-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
AHJIH 1Iepe3 Herob. (K- C H M o H o B, TosaPHMH no opyxcHlo,
r a. 8.)
B 9TOIi rpynne CnOBOCOIeTaHHH B porn rocnouCTByloulero
CJIOBa BbICTynalOT H CyI1LeCTBHTeJIbHble c OTBJIexIeHHbIM 3HaxleHHeM.
(M. F O p b K H ii, }KH3Hb KJIHMa CaMrHHa,
T. 20, q. II, cTp. 574); . (H. H JI b (p H E. II e T P O B, aBeHaAuaTb CTyJIbeB,
rm. III); >.
(A. K a p a B a e'B a, PoA'HOiii aoM, rji. 15).
CJIOBoco eTaHHH 3TH B03HHKaIOT B paMKaX npeJJIOHCeHHST.
Hape*iHH BpeMeHH B HPOH3BeaeHHHX A. C. IIymIIKHHa H apyrHX HH-
caTeJIeIi XIX B. BCTpeqaIOTCH TOJIbKO npH Tex cyu(eCTBHTeJIbHbIX
AaHHOii rpynnbl, KOTOpble BbICTynaIOT B npeUJIOHCeHH'H B npeaHKa-
THBHOTi HJIH nOJlynpe.HKaTHBHOI3 CpYHKILHH.
. (H. r O !H q a P 0 B, 06-
PbIB, T. 5, qI. 1, r.n. 16).
3aTeM, K HameMy 'BpeMeHH, 9TH iKOHCTpyKTHBHbie CBOIiCTBa
pacnpOCTpaHAK)TCH Ha BC1O napaAHrMy cyu1eCTBHTeJlbHbIX, He3a-
BHCHMO OT CHHTaKCHLieCKOH CpyHKIHH noCJIeAHHX B npeAJIOHCeHHH.
B pOJIH rocnOaCTByiou ero CJIOBa B CJ1osoco1qeTaHHHx C Hape-
IIHHMH BpeMeHH MOryT BbICTynaTb H cyiueCTBHTeJlbHble, HBJIHIO-
IILHeCSI reorpa(~HYeCKHMH Ha3BaHHSIMH HJIH Ha3BauHSIMH McCTa:

(A. T o Ji c T o ii, XMypoe yTpo, r.i. 14) ; 0-Iepe3 He'KOTOpOe
BpeM$1 BapaHO'B y Ke CHAeJI B YLIHTeJIbCKOH UIKOJIb1 HMeHH
I'OpbKoro, Tenepb Ka6HHeTe HaqaJIbHHKa AHBH3HOHa Ns 10
rocnoaxxa LLIBeliae> . (A. D a a e e B, Mo.noAwi rsapAHSI,
,q. 1, r.ii. 23).
B poJIH rocnoacTByioulero CJIOBa MOT BbICTyfaTb ApyrHe
CyuLeCTBHTeJIbHble C KOH!KpeTHO-npeAMeTHbIM 3HageHHeM. , CAe-
BOLIKa> o6pa3yJOT CJIOBOCOLieTaHHSI CC Hape'IHHMH CTeneHH TOJIbK9 B
TOM caly'ae, ~KOrAa HMe1OT 3Ha'ieHHe , , Korjja
}Ke OHH ynoTpe6JIAIOTCSI B OCHOBHOM CBOeM 3HaLIeHHH, TO CJIOBO-
colieTaHHfI C Hape'IHSiMH CTeneHH o6pa30BaTb He MOryT. OTCIoja
SICHO, LITO 06pa3OBaHHe CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHI{ AaHHOfI rpynnbI CyIueCT-
BHTeJlbHbIX C HapegH5iMH CTeneHH npOHCXOAHT nOA HenOcpeACT-
BeHHbIM B03AeficrBHeM npHJlaraTeJlbHoro. CeMaHTHLIeCKaSI 6JIH-
30CTb rOCnOACTByIOIuero CyIIjeCTBHTeJlbHOro C npHJlaraTeJIbHbIM
CHOCO6CTBOBaJia 06pa3OBaHHIO allaJIH3HpyeMbIX CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHH.
H3y'IeH'HbII3 MaTepHaji noKa3bl'BaeT, LITO o6pa3OBaHHe CJIOBO-
colieTaHHH 3TOfi rpynnbI 'np0HCXOAHJIO B paMIKaX npeAJlO)K IIHA H
nepBOHa9aJIbHO 6bIJIO CBSI3aHO C cHHTaKCHLIeCKHM 4IYHKUHOHHpO-
BaHHeM rOCHOaCTBYIOluero CynjeCTBHTeJIbHOro B npeAJIO}KeHHH.
I-IpHMepbl H3 npOH3BeaeHHfi nHCaTeJIe1i XIX B. nOKa3bIBaIOT, LITO
B 60JIbWHHCTBe cJIy'IaeB CylueCTBHTeJIbHbie MOrJIH paCnpOCTpa-
HHTbCSI HapeLIHeM TOJIbKO B TOM eJIyLIae, KOrAa cymeCTBHTeJIbHoe
BbICTynaJIO B npe.JIo)KeHHH B npeAHKaTHBHOfI HJIH noJlynpeijHKa-
THBHOfi (pYHKUHH.
>. (H. r O H II a P O B,
O6pbIB, T. 6, q. 4, r.i. 12) ; .
B pOJIH 3aBHCHMbIX CJIOB B CJIOBocogeTaHHSIX C HerJlaroJlbHbl-
MH CyuieCTBHTeJIbHbIMH MOryT BbICTynaTb Hape9HH Bcex rpyrin.
OTHoiueHHH Me}K,gy gJIeHaMH CJIOBOCO'qeTaHHFi C 3aBHCHMbIMH Ha-
peMHAMH Mepbi onpe.neJIHTeJIbHble. CJIOBocoqeTaHHH C Hape'IHHMH
?Mepbl BTOpOFi rpynnbl o6pa3yIOT TOJIbKO CymeCTBHTeJIbHble, Ha3bl-
BaIOHjHe JIHI o: 6oJlbwwe AHTsl, 6oJlee (bHJI0C04), McHee MeluaHKa,
He McHee peB0Jn0IIHOHep.
(A. r e p-
Iu a H, KTO BHHOBaT?, 'I: 1, r.n. 3).
HerJIarOJIbHble CymeCTBHTeJIbHble cpaBHHTeJIbHO HeaaBHO
npHo6peJIH CnoCO6HOCTb paCnpOCTpaHSITbCA HapexiHAMH Mepbl c
gHCJIOBbJM 3HageHHeM. B pOJIH CTep}KHesoro CJIOBa B CJIOBO00LIe-
TaHiiAX C Hape'HHMH AaHHOIi rpynnbl MOryT BbICTynaTb cyuleCTBH-
TeJlbHble, Ha3b1BaioluHe JIHIIO: ABa)K) bl repoi% COBeTCKoro C0103a,
J(Ba}KAbI JlaypeaT, ABa}KAbI 3eMJIAK, 4eTblpe}KAbi veMnHOHKa H T. A.
DTH CJIOBocoqeTaHHH 0TMexieHb1 HaMH TOJIbKO B npOH3BeaeHHHX
COBeTCKHX nHCaTe.neIi.
K,IO BepJIHHa KapxceHeBCKHH MO}KeT em e ABa}KALI repoeM
COBeTCKoro C0I03a CTaTb>. '(B. O B e LI K H H, C #OHTOBbIM
npHBeTOM). c-,la HeT we! - CMefCb, BO3pa3HJI BojioAA. -
3TO ABa}KA A repoAM - H TO He IieJIbIII naMATHHK, a TOJIbKO
nOJIOBHHy). (B. K a B e p H H, OTKpbITac KHHra, BpeMA He
Bo3BpaulaeTCA) ; K= 0-01 9TOT I'IBaH... I'IBaHOBHq, ABaxcAbl
HBaH - MacTep>; acHo KaK HaAMeHHO pa3roBapHBaJI co
MHOH 3TOT ABa)KALI HBaH>. P. K o n T A e B a, J pyw6a,
q. 11, r.n. 39) ;
acHHKOJIaIi CTOAJI B CTOpOHe H npHCJIyIIIHBaJICA - KOMy-TO
He XBaTHJIO 6HJIeTa, 3a ABa}KAbI JlaypeaTOM nOCJIaJIH MaIDH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Hy, HO BTOPOHSIX He aaJiH uio epy aApeca, TIT06bI npHXBaTH-
JIH aKTpH'Cy>. (B. K e T JI H H C K a 5I, aHH Hauieli )KH3HH,
cTp. 361).
HaH6o.Iee MHOrovxcJIeHH IO rpynny CJIOBocogeTaHHIi KOH-
KpeTHO-npeJ;MeTHbIX CylaeCTBHTeJIbHbIX C KOJIHLIeCTBeHHbIMH Hape-
TIHHMH COCTaBJIHIOT CJIOBocolieTaHHH C HapeTIHHMH H HapeTlHbIM cogeTaHHeM , pacnpocTpaHxloT cyluecTBH-
TeJlbHble C KOHKpeTHo-npeRMeTHbIM 3Ha4eHHe'M H CyiueCTBHTeJIb-
Hble, Ha3bIBaIOHjHe JIHuO. B POJIH CTep)KHeBOI'O CJIOBa COBCeM He
OTMegeHbI CyHjeCTBHTeJlbHble C OTBJICTIeHHbIM 3HageHHeM. HO He
Bce cyiueCTBHTeJlbHble C KOHKpeTHO-npeRMeTHbIM 3HaTIeHHeM MO-
F T BbICTynaTlt B pOJIH FOCHORCTByIOmero CJIOBa B CJIOBO00geTa-
HH5IX C yKa3aHHbIMH HapeTIHS(MH, a TOJIbKO Te, KOTOPble Ha3bIBaIOT
npeAMeTbI, COCTOSIULHe H3 MHO}KeCTBa, COBOKynIfOCTH TIaCTefi: IUKO-
JIa a L eJIOM, Jlarepb B ueJIOM, 3aBOJ[ B IkeJIOM, 3CKaApHJlb l i eJIH-
KOM.
. (H. LI Y K O B C K H
BaJITHl1CKOe He6o, rJI. 10);
CylueCTBHTeJIbHble, Ha3bIBalOU He JIHgO, TO}Ke He BCe MOrYT
BbICTynaTb B POJIH CTep}KHeBoro CJIOBa B CJIOBOCOTIeTaHHHX C Hape-
TdHHMH (, ; 3ReCb ynOTpe6JlsnoTCSI TOJIbKO Cy-
IueCTBHTeJIbHble C CO6HpaTeJIbHbIM 3HageHHeM. 3TO O6'b5ICHHeTCl
JIeKCHTIeCKHM 3HaTieHHeM HapegHii.
11ij(H yAa6CTBa H3JIo)KeHH5I B ,IIaJIbHeihueM (T. H H K On a e B a, BHTBa B
ny-rH, r.n. 5).
B poJIH CTeP)KHesoro CJIOBa B 9THx cJIOBoco'IeTaHHSIx, KaK OT-
MegiaJloCb Bbllne, BbICTynaIOT H-OTBJIe'leHHbie cylueCTBHTeJlbHble:
KeHHoro, B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM H3bIKe
OKJIaAbIBaeTCH HOBbIH THH CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHI3 - Cy6CTaHTHBHble CJIO-
BocogeTaHHH C 3aBHCHMbIMH KOJIH'IeCTBeHHbIMH HapeqHSIMH. Ha
I)OPMHPOBaHHe CJIOBOCOUeTaHHFT 3TorO THna OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHHe
CJIOBOo6pa3OBaTeJIbHble H ceMaHTHgeCKHe CBH3H rocnOACTByIOIIgero
cyIIIeCTBHTeJIbHOrO c npHJlaraTeJIbHbIM, a TaK)Ke CHHTaKCH'eCKOe
4YHKIIHOHHP'OBaHHe CTep}KHeBoro CJIOBa BHYTPH npe1JloxceHHB.
YnoTpe6JieHHe CyIIIeCTBHTeJIbHOrO B npeAHKaTHBHO1i cpYHKUHH
c6JIH}KaeT CyIueCTBHTeJIbHOe C KpaTKHM npHJlaraTeJlbHbIM H r.ia-
rOJIOM, 3T0 H CIIOCO6CTByeT nPHMbIKaHHIO K CyLueCTBHTeJIbHbIM KO-
JIHgeCTBeHHbIX Hape4Hli. 3aTeM 9TH KOHCTpyKTHBHble CBOIICTBa
pacnpOCTpaHHK)TCH Ha BCe ( OpMbI cylueCTBHTeJIbHoro, He3aBHCHMO
OT er0 CHHTaKCH'IeCKOIi p0JIH B npeAJlo)KeHHH, BbIKpHCTaJIJIH3OBbI-
BaIOTCH H3 npeAJlo}KeHHH H MOryT ynOTpe6JIHTbCH B HOMHHaTHB-
HOFI IpyHKuHH (cosceM MaJlb9HK, HeMHO)KKO My3bLKaHT, ABaNSAbl
JlaypeaT H AP.). .
I43yMeHHe cJlonoco'IeTaHHki, HerJlaroJlbxbIx cyllleCTBHTeJIbHbIX
C 3aBHCHMbIMH Hape~IHHMH r103BOJI5ieT HaM cAeJlaTb CJIeuylougHe
BbIBOAbI:
1. CJIOBocoqeTaHHH HerJIarOJIbHbIX CyIITeCTBHTeJIbHbIX C' 3aBIi-
CHMbIMH Hape'IHSIMH noJIVqaio-r CBoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe CO' II nO-
JIOBKHbI XIX B., a HeKOTOpble H3 CTPYKTYPHbIX THIIOB 3THX CJIOBO-
cO'eTaHHH TOJIbKO B Haute BpeMH, HanpHMep, CJIOBOCO'eTaHHH C
npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIMH Hape'IHSIMH (OKHO HanpOTHB, AOM HaHCKOCOK,
CTyJI pslAOM). OTAennbHbie THnbI 3THX CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHt o6pa3y-
IOTCSI B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM H3bIKe (CJIOBOco'eTaHHSI C KOJIH4e-
CTBeHHbIMH Hape4H5IMH H Hape~IHHMH BpeMeHH).
2. rlpOAYKTHBHOCTb CJIOBocogeTaHHIi C pa3JIHIIHbIMH ceMaHTH-
'IeCKHMH rpynnaMH CyIUeCTBHTeJibHbIX B pOJIH cTep)KHeBoro CJIOBa
Ifa3JIHIlHa. HaH60JIee npOAYKTHBHbI CJIOBoCO'ieTaHHH C KOHKpeTHO-
npeAMeTHbIMH cyu;eCTBHTeJIbHbIMH B p0JIH rjlaai oro CJIOBa. 9Ta
rpynna CyLtjeCTBHTeJIbHbIX o6pa3yeT CJIOBO009eTaHHSI CO BCeMH
pa3p%AaMH Hape'iHli (inJIHna Ha6eKpeHb, KO4)e nO-TypeUKH, MHHy-
TbI HaeAHHe, AOM HanpOTHB, Aopora aomofi, napK JIeTOM, COBCeM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BeCHa). HenpOAyKT'HBHbl 3AeCb JIHIUb CJIOBOCOlqeTaHH$ C KO-
JIHqeCTBeHHbIMH HapegHHM'H. CylueCTBHTeJIbHbwe C OTBJIelqeHHbIM
Ka4qeCTBeHHbIM 3Ha4eHHeM He MoryT o6pa3OBaTb CJIOBOCOqeTaHHH
C OTAe.IbHbIMH rpynnaMH KaLIeCTBeHHO-06CTOSITeJIbCTBeHHbIX Ha-
peLIHI3 (C HapeIHSIMH C HO-, COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIMH C HpHJIaraTeJlb-
HbIMH), peAKO 06pa3yIOT CJIOBocogeTaHHH C HapetIHSIMH HanpaB-
JIeHHSI, HO npOJ[yKTHBHOCTH H paCnpOCTpaHeHHOCTH B H3bIKe CJIO-
BOCOYeTaHHSI C OTBJIeqeHHbIMH cyI1 eCTBHTeJIbHbIMH B POJIH CTep)K-
HeBoro CJIOBa 3HaqHTeJIbHO yCTynalOT CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHSIM C KOH-
KpeTHO-npeAMeTHbIMH cylueCTBHTeJIbHbIMH B pOJIH rJIaBHoro CJIOBa.
Kpyr HapegHH, Cnoco6HbIX pacnpOCTpaHHTb cylueCTBHTeJIbHbJe,
Ha3blBaloluxe JIHUO, ewe 60JIee orpaHH eH. B poJiH 3aBHCHMoro
CJIOBa B CJIOBO?cotleTaHHSIX C 3TOK rpynnoi cylueCTBHTeJIbHbIX He
BCTpeTIaIOTCSI KageCTBeHHO-o6CTOSITeJIbCTBeHHbie HapenHH, COOT-
HOCHTeJIbHble c npeAJIO}KHO-naae}KHOFi (JOpMOH cyIueCTBHTeJIbHbIX
(HCKJllogal HapeTIHe , 1950, Ns 2, cTp. 3.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B) BBOJIHde cogeTaHHsI CJIOB, COCTOAuUHe H3 HMeHH CynuecTBHTeaabHOrO B (QopMe
AaTenbHoro naj(eHCa c npeJUIoroM cnOD H COrJIaCOBaHHOro
H HecornacoBaHHoro onpeJ(eA1eHH$; HanpHMep:
Ero POJIb Tenepb 6bIJIa HeBeJIHKa, Ta'K KaK nyJlbpOTa AaBHO
6bIJIa pac(popMHpOBaHa H, no HIYTJIHBOMy Bblpa}KeHHIO PbI6anKO,
CTeIHHK Tenepb KaK KOMaHAHp pOTbI H'HLIerO He CTOHJI. (fl a p-
BeHLjeB).
3. BBOAHb1E COgETAHH51 CJIOB, COCTOSTII(HE H3 HMEHH
CYIIUECTBHTEJIbHOTO B OOPME BHHHTEJIbHOrO HAAE)KA
C nPEAJIOrOM cHAD H OIIPEAEJIEHHR
3Ta rpynna HeMHorogHcJieHHa. CyluecTBHTe.nbnoe ynoTpe6-
JISIeTCH TOJIbKO B eJjHH'CTBeHHOM LI'HcJIe. OnpeaeJleHHe BbIpa}KaeTCSI
npHJlaraTeJIbHbIM HJIH McCTOHMeHHeM (ero, ee, HX): Ha (Llbe?)
cgaCTbe, (Ha 1Ib10?) 6eAy, Ha (,ieH?) B3rns1A. BBOAHb1e cogeTaHHST
CJIOB Ha (qbe?) C4aCTbe, Ha (LIbiO?) 6eAy 06o3HaLialOT 3MOLjHO-
HanbHoe COCT0HHHe roBOpAujero HJIH Apyroro JIHUa.
HanpHMep:
Hy, Ha TBOe cgaCTbe, A LIeJiOBeK H3BeCTHbII3, HMeIO 3aAaHHe
BePHYTb BCeX Ha pa6oTy B MaCTepCKHe, 3a TeM H np'HIUen K
Te6e. ((D aaeeB).
BBOJjHoe co eTaHHe CJIOB Ha (iieH?) B3rJISIA o603'HagaeT aB-
TOpCTBO BbI,CKa3aHHOrO B npeAJlox{eHHH MHeHHA, npHHa.IjJIe}KHO'CTb
ero CaMOMy FOBOPALLjeMy HJIH KOMy-JIH60 ApyroMy.
HanpHMep:
TonoJIeB, Ha Ball B3rJISIA, pa60TaeT MHOro H Ao6pO00BeCT-
Ho? -KpHKHyJI BepMA3e. (A xc a e B).
4. BBO,gHbIE CO9ETAHHSI CJIOB, COCT051111HE H3 HMEHH
CYWECTBHTEJIbHOCO B 'OPME POAHTEJIbHOrO HAAE)KA
C IIPEJLJIOrAMH cCD, c6E3D H OIIPEAEJIEHH$1 K HEMY
II,pex{Ae Bcero, clojja OTHOCATCA napnbie BBOjjxble, COLIeTaHHA
CJOB, COCTOAn Ile H3 HMeHH CyLLjeCTBHTerIbHoro CTOpOHa B (pOpMC
pOAHTeJIbHOrO naJjex{a c npeAJioroM C H cor.IaCOBaHHoro onpeAe-
JIeHHA, BbIpax{eHHOro MecTOHMeHHeM OAHH, ApyrO : C OAHON CTO
pOHbl, C Apyroil cTOpoHbl.
OHH yHOTpe6JIA10TCA npH npOTHBOHOCTaBJIeHHH JLBYX (paKTOB,
ABYX CTOPOH OJjHOFO H TOI'O x{e ABJIeHHA.(,B 3Ha'IeHHH KXOTA... Ho> )
HJIH 'npH nepeTIHCJIeHHH KaKHX-JIH60 ()aKTOB AeH'CTBHTeJIbHOCTH
(B 3HageHHH KBo-nepBbIX> , ) 1. B Bblpax{eHHH C Apy-
ro CTOpOHbl, CJIeJjyioll eM 3a COLIeTaHHeM C OAHON CTOPOHbJ, cyuje-
CTBHTeJIbHOe HepeAKO OnycKaeTCA. 4aCTO C Apyro% CTOPOHM yn0-
Tpe6JIAeTCA B OAHHOLIKy, 6e3 npeJunecTByK)ljero c OAHO % CTOpOHbl.
B TaKOM c iyLIae CYILjeCTBHTeJIbHOe B HeM He OnYCKaeTCH.
I TOJIKOBbIkI cnoBaph pyccxoro H3blKa noa pe1jaKaHei npo4. )J. H. Y III a-
K 0 B a, T. IV, cTp. 538.
B JjanbHekiLUeM 3TOT CJIOBapb 6y1eT YCJIOBHO o603HamaTbC5I a66peBHaTypOFi
TCY.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HanpHMep:
HauIJIH, TO yAO(THO H BbII'OAHO OCTaBHTb fyJibry Aim noA-
nOJIbHOR pa60Tbl HMeHHO 3AeCb, B KpaCHOAOHe: C OAHOH
CTOPOHb1, OH 6bIJI geJIOBeK McCTHbIR, a C Apyroi - ero ywe
3AeCb MaJIO KTO 3HaJI. ((D aAeeB).
K 3TOMy )Ke pa3p$IJ y OTHOCB'TCH BBOAHble cogeTaHHB CJIOB,
COCTOBIII;He H3 (ppa3eoJIorH ieCKOR eAH'HHUbI TOKIKa 3peHHB, CTep%-
HeBoe CJIOBO KOTOpOro (TO4Ka) HMeeT (pOpMy pOAHTeJIbHOrO na-
Aexca c 'npeAJioro c, H corjiaCOBaHHOrO HJIH HecorjiaCOBaHHOrd
OnpeAeJIeHHSI K HeMy: C (KaKOR?) TOgKH 3peHHA HJIH C TOqKH 3pe-
HHB (gbei?). OHH yrlorpe6JlxloTCSI AJISI O603HageHHH aBTOp-
C'TBa Bbipa}KeHHOR B npeAJlo}KeHHH MbICJIH HJIH AJI1 yKa3aHHA OT-
npaB'Horo nyHKTa, onpeAeJIHBHIero H3J(O}KeHHbIR B npeJJlorKeHHH
B3FJISIA Ha AaHHOe SIBJIeHHe.
HanpHMep:
C TOgKH 3peHHB IOJIHH AMHTpHeBHbI, 3T0 He 6bIJIa Bpage6-
HaB HayKa... (H a H 0 B a).
Hecnenia HaaeJi HITaHbI
14 nO1TH MT0 HQBble,
C TOgKH 3peHbs CTapIIIHHb&,
CarIOrH KHp30Bble. (T B a P A 0 B C K H H) .
B KagecTBe BBOAHoro cogeTaHHSl CJIOB ynoTpe6JISIeTC31 KOH-
CTpyKI[HSI H3 HMeHH cyu1eCTBHTeJlbHoro CJIOBO B ()OpMe TBOpHTeJib-
HOro na)iexca MH. LIHcJIa H onpeAeJIeHHB B (4opMe corJiacyeMoro
McCTOHMeHHSI ApyrOR HJIH HHOR: ApyrHMH (HHbWMH) CJIOBaMH. OHO
HCHOJIb3yeTC5I KaK CTHJIHC'TH~IeCKoe aBTOpCKOe 3aMegaHHe, o603Ha-
liaionjee nepexOA Ha HOBbIR Cn0006 BblpaxceHHB 0AHOR H TOR xxe
MbICJIH (B 3Ha'IeH'HH ) 1. B nepBOM 3HatieHH'H C HHM
c6JIH}KaeTCH B'BO.ILHOe co,4eTaHHe CJIOB no McHbweN Mepe.
HanpHMep:
R Bce-TaKH 3Jlecb nonpo6yio, 3.1[eCb SI, no KpaFiHei Mepe, yxce
McCTHOCTb 3Halo, -'CKa3aJI OJier. ((D a A e e B). EMy nOKa-
3aJlocb, flO 6oII npoJLOJI)caJIc5I, no KpaiHeH Mepe, nonqaca...
(Uo.IeBOH).
BBOAHoe CotieTaHHe CJIOB no CYTH ,11KaHHH AaHHOrO OTpe3Ka peLIH K npeAine-
CCBYIOiueMy cOo6LueHHIO. OHO yKa3blBaeT, 'ITO aaHHoe )LefiCTBHe
COBepLHaeTCSI OJLHOBpeMeHHO HJIH B OTBeT Ha aeIiCTBHe, 0 KOTOpOM
TOJIbKO 'ITO cOO61.LaJIOCb (B 3Ha'IeHHH KCHIljHH H L eByIIIe'K,
CTOAJIa Y BXOj(a B 3,aaHHe. (1 a )l e e B).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 i 1 .~.L A... _
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
5. B oco yio rpynny BXOABT BBOAHble cotieTaHHH CJIOB, COCTOH-
ig a H'3 HMeHH CyILjeCTBHTeJIbHOrO (,I[ejio, CJIy*Iaft), B (popMe npea-
JIO)KHOrO naAe}Ka c npeAJIoroM B, BO H coriiacyeMoro onpeAene-
HHB, BbbpaxceHHOro McCTOHMeHHeM: B camom aerie, BO BCHKOM CJiy-
yae.
BBOAHoe cogeTaHHe CJIOB B CaM M jJejie CJIy)KHT CpeACTBOM
Bbipa)KeHHB MoAaJIbHOro OTTeR'Ka AOCTOBepHOCTH Bcero npeAJio-
)KeHHB' HJIH KaKOIi-J1H6o LIaCTH ero, HaXOABCb B COOTBeTCTBHH C
3THM B CMbICJIOBOH H HHTOHauHOHHOii CBH3H C HHMH. OHO ynOTpe6-
JIBeTCB B 3HaueHHH ((AeIiCTBHTeJIbHON, , 1. B
3MOIjHOHaJIbHO-HaCbiujeHHOM npeJJlo)CeHHH -OHO (~yHK1XHOHaJIbHO
C6JIH)KaeTC5i C Me)KAOMeTHeM, Bblpa)KaS He,IjoyMeHHe, yAHBJteHHe
HJIH HerOAOBaHHe. HepeAKo OHO HCIIOJIb3yeTCSi AJIB yCHJIeHug BbI-
pa3HTeJIbHOCTH npeJjJio)KeHHH, c6JIH)KaSICb C 3MOIjHOHaJIbHO-3KC-
npeCCHBHbIMH gaCTHixaMH.
HanpHMep:
4TO 3TO, B camom j euie! - JIaCKOBO nOAXBaTHJia MaTb. CepA-
ae MBTKoe, a cam - pbMHT. 3atIeM 3TO? (r o p b K H H). B
camom Aerie, no Bceli 6JIH)KHeIi OKpyre, TaM H CBM,,aeHCTBO-
BaJIH napTH3aHbI... (B y 6 e H H o B) .
BBOAHOe co IeTaHHe BO BCBKOM cJiyqae ynoTpe6JISIeTCSI AJIB
yCHJIeHHR BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCTH npe,Iuio ceHHB HJIH MaCTH ero, cf yHK-
IjHOHaJIbHO c6JIH KaBCb C YCHJIHTeJIbHbIMH HJIH 3MOaHOHaJIbHO-
3KCnpeCCHBHbIMH tiacTHIjaMH. BMeCTe C TeM OHO nOJj1IepKHBaeT H
MOAaJIbHM OTTeHOK AOCTOBepHOCTH BbICKa3bIBaHHB.
HanpHMep:
Bo BCSIKOM CJiy9ae, 3T0 .6bIJi lieuuOBeK (TIIOTHKOB), C KO-
'POpbIM MO)KHO 6bIJIO CMeJIO nOAeJIHTbCB CBOHMH HaMepeHHB-
MB. ((D a a e e B). HpHeM 3TOT, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, o eHb npOCT,
HO yAaeTCB OH He Ka)KJIOMy, - BO BCSIKOM CJiy9ae, cam
(DpyH3e BJiaJjeJi HM B COBeplueHCTBe. ((D y p m a H 0 B).
6. B KageCTBe BBOAHOrO COLIeTaHHB CJIOB MO)KeT ynoTpe6-
JIBTbCB (cpa3eo.IOrHqeCKoe BbIpa)KeHHe, COCTOBaiee H3 pa3HbIX
naAe)KHbIX (4OpM OAHOrO H Toro )Ke HMeHH CyIIjeCTBHTeJIbHOrO
KOHeij: H3 ero (JOpM npeAJio> oro naJje)Ka. eAHHCT$eHHOro tIHc is
C npeAJiorOM B H POJjHTeJIbHOrO naJje)Ka MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO 1lHC-
JIa - B KOHIje KOHI(OB. OHO o603HagaeT 3KCnpeCCHBHOe OTHOuie-
HHe AaHHOIi MbICJIH K npeAlnecrsyioujemy coo6ujeHHIO, y'CHJI'HBaB
BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCTb npeAJTo)KeHHH H (PyHKIjHOHaJIbHO C6JIH)KaHCb,
C OAHOIi CTOpOHbI, C COI03aMH, c apyroft - c 3MOAHOHaJIbHO-3KC-
npeCCHBHbIMH TIaCTHaaMH. HHorJja )Ke OHO BbIpa)KaeT uiorHqeCKoe
OTHouleHHe COJjep)KaHHH J[aHHOro npeJLJIO)KeHHB HJIH ero'lqaCTH
K 'paHee CKa3aHHOMy, BbICTynaB B 3HaTieHHH 2 H c61IH)KaSICb c 06CTOBTeJIbCTBeHHIIMH CJIOBaMH.
1) TCY, IV, 1946.
2 TCY, 1, 1436.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HanpHMep:
3ageM eMy, B KKOHI{e KOHI(OB, BTO .I eJlaTb? (OCTpOBCKHIi).
B KOHije KOHIJOB, OTAbIXaJOUuHe 3a$BHJIH, TO OHH CbLTbl OT-
J bIXOM, H nOTpe6OBaJIH AOCpogIHOii OTnpaBKH B I eIiCTByio-
IIjHe gaiCTH. (II O JI e B O H) .
BblpaxceHHe B KOHIje KOHUOB He BCer,Ija BbIAeJIAeTCA B npOH3-
HoiueHHH H Ha nHCbMe. B TaKHX CJIygaAX OHO HMeeT O6CTOHTeJIb-
CTBeHHOe 3HageHHe.
HanpHMep:
Be3 BOpgaHHSi H CIIOpOB He 06OuIJIOCb, HO B KOHIje KOHUOB
McHbUIHHCTBO nOAIqHHHJIOCb 60JIbUIHHCTBy, H 3TOT BOnpOC
6bIJI yJla)KeH. (nOnOB).
7. B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM 513bIKe, 3 pa3roBOpHOH pevH, yno-
Tpe6JIHeTCA BBOAHOe COZieTaHHe CJIOB, COCTOAUjee H3 McCTOHMe-
HHSI H npHJlaraTeJlbHoro B cf opMe pOAHTeJIbHOTO naAe}Ka - hero
Ao6poro. OHO BblpaxcaeT MOAaJlbHblii OTTeHOK npeAlIOJroxcHTeJIb-
HOCTH, BeposITHOCTH coJjepxcaHHH OCHOBHOro cocTaBa npeAJIo}Ke-
IIHH B IjeJIOM HJIH xaxoli-JIH6o ero gaCTH. KpoMe Toro, OHO nepe-
AaeT 3MOIjHOHaJIbHoe (OTPHuaTeJIbIIOe) OTHOIIIeHHe aBTOpa K
npeAMeTy COO61IIeHH5I, ABJIHHCb OJjHHM H3 cpeACTB yCHJIeHHH
3KCnpeccHBHOCTH npeAJIO}KeHH5 I1.
B TaKHX npeAJIO}KeHHAX CKa3yeMoe B 6OJIb1IHHCTBe CJlygaeB
Bblpa}KaeTCSI rJIaroJIOM B c JOpMe 6yAyujero BpeMerH.
HanpHMep:
Kaxax HeJlerxax 3aTHHyJia cioJja ApTeMa?... Enje, 4e~r7o Ao6-
poro, Aeno 6poCHT, - pa3MbIIIIJISIJi y)jpygeHHblii dlaseJl...
(OCTpOB.CKHH).
8. B KageCTBe BBOAHOro ynOTpe6JIHeTC51 cppa3eoJiorHgeCKoe
BbIpa}KeHHe, COCTOSIUjee H3 AByX McCTOHMeHHIi: OnpeAeJIHTeJIbHOro
B cpopMe HMeHHTeJlbHoro naAexca cpeAHero poAa (caMO) H B03-
BpaTHOro B cpopMe TBOpHTenbHOrO naAexca - canto co6oli, rpaM-
MaTHgeCKHIi OMOHHM o6CTO5ITeJIbCTBeHHOTO Bblpa}KeHHSI, KOTOpoe
HMeeT 3HageHHe N4 2, 1956.
H. 10. III B e jI O B a. O4epKH no CHHTaKCHCy pyCCKOli pa3roBOpHOFi pegH.
ABropecbepaT JloKTO
cxoli
H
p
A
CCepTaHHH, M., 1958 H HeK. JIp.
17-328
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
orpaHH4HBaeTC5I OnxcaHHeM oTAeJlbxbIx c.iygaeB ynOTpe6JleHHH
noBTOpOB- B ABYX cMe)KHbIX penJIHKax. AHaJIH3HpyloTC 1 npeHMy-
u.LeCTBeHHO oco6eHHOCTH nOBTOpeHHH JIeKCHgeCKHX CpeACTB. no-
HSITHe nOBTOpa OnpeAeJISIeTCSI no-pa3HOMy: OAHHMH HccJIeAOBaTe-
JISIMH KaK rpaMMaTHtieCKOe, ApyrHMH - KaK CTHJIHCTHtieCKoe cpeA-
CTBO. B CTaTbSIX H AHCCepTaIIHRX T. F. BHHOKyp, M. JI. MHXJIH-
HOIi H n. B. Ba.IbKOBa cAeJIaHO pa3rpaHH'leHHe H pa3BepHyTOe
onHcaHHe JieKCHqeCKHX H CTpyKTypHbIX CpeACTB nOBTopa, onxca-
HbI Ha6JIIoAeHHS HaA HCno.Ib3oBaHHeM 9THX CpeACTB B AHaJIOrH-
BeCKOH peqH. BMeCTe C TeM HeJIb35I He OTMeTHTb, IITO AH44epeH-
uHaIIHS pa3HOBHAHOCTeH nOBTOpa B yKa3aHHbIX pa60Tax CAeJIaHa
He--CT- o'IHO gIeTKO, H CaMH 3TH pa3HOBHAHOCTH HenpaBOMepHO
onpeAeJIRIOTCR KHK oco6bwe CpeACTBa CHHTaKCHxIeCKOYI CB513H pen-
JIHK, a He KaK COCTaBHble gaCTH CHCTeMbI (4opMaJIbHO-R3bIKOBbIX
CpeACTB, BXOARuIHX B eAHHOe IIejIoe - AHaJIOrH'IeCKHIi nOBTOp.
O'IeHb aeHHbie MbICJIH 0 BTOpbIX penJIHKax AHaJlora, nOBTOpSIIO-
IIIHX 3JIeMCHTbI CJIOBeCHoro COCTaBa nepsoH penJIHKH, COAepxcaT-
CSI B yKa3aHHbIX Bblllle pa6oTax H. IO. LIIBeAoBOH.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, HMeIomanc5i JIHHrBHCTHLIeCKaR JIHTepaTypa
AaeT npeACTaBJIeHHe TOJIbKO 0 HeKOTOpbIX pa3HOBHAHOCT51X nOB-
TOpOB, ynOTpe6JIReMbIX B ABYX CMe}KHbIX penJIHKaX. 1TO we Ka-
caeTcM oco eHHOCTe} HCnOJIb3oBaHHR -TIOBTOpO'B B ABYX HeCMe}K-
HbIX penJIHKax H B IIenH penJIHK AHaJIora, TO OHH eme He onHca-
HbI. He pa3rpaHHtleHbi eiue pa3HOBHAHOCTH CMe}KHLIX, HeCMe}K-
HbIX H CKB03HbIX nOBTOpOB, He OnMcaHbI HX CHHTaKCH'.IeCKHe (4yHK-
I.uHH. He H3yuexo B3aHMOAeHCTBHe 3THX pa3HOBHAHOCTeH B AHa-
JIOre. I'IHa'Ie rOBOpH, AHaJIorHqecKHH nOBTOp KaK CHCTeMa (4op-
MaJIbHO-513bIKOBbIX CpeACTB, XapaKTepH3ylOIIIHXCR CBoeH cneuH-
4)HKOH H B3aHMOAeMCTBylOMHX B AHaJiOre, B HOJIHOM 06'beMe em e
He OIIHcaH.
HacTORUIaR CTaTbM HMeeT ueJlblo 06O6IUHTb HMeloIIIHecM B
Hay'HOH JIHTepaType CBeAeHHR 0 nOBTOpe KaK cpeACTBe CB93H
peHJIHK B AHaJlore, AOnOJIHHTb HX BbIBOAaMH H3 JIH'iHbIX Ha6JIlo-
AeHHH 1, H B pe3yJlbTaTe AaTb KpaTKOe ofHCaHHe CHCTeMbI 3THX
noBTOpoB 2.
OcO6eHHOCTH noBTOpa KaK cpeACTBa CBR3H penJIHK onpeAe-
JIRIOTCR CHHTaKCHgeCKHMH yCJIOBHHMH, B KOTOpbIX OH 4)yHKIIHO
HHpyeT. n03TOMy cHcTeMa nOBTOpOB Mo}KeT 6bITb paCKpblTa
TOJIbKO npH y'IeTe R3bIKOBOH cneuli 1HKH AHaJIOra.
. I B KalqecTBe MaTep1aaia A J151 Ha6moAeHH* nocAy KHJIH 3anBCH yCTHblx
pa3rOBOpOB H npHMepbl, H3BAeuexxbie H3 npOH3BeAeHHH pyccxoli KaaccH4ecxo%
H COBeTCKOF Xyaomm TBeHHOi AHTepaTypbl. B CTaTbe npHBOAHTCH Bb16opovli0
TOAbKO OTAeJIbHble npHMepbl H3 9TOro MaTepHaAa.
2 CBeAeHHH 0 JIeKCHHecKOM noBTape ft CHHTaKCHlieCKOM napanneAli3Me,
(4yHKIXHOHHpyIOIUHX B ABYX CMeXKHbIX penJIHKBX, B CTBTbe COKpaIAeHbI AO MH-
HHMyMa, TaK KSK 9TH nOBTOpbI omcaHbi B yKa3aHHbIX Bbilne pa6OTaX.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
,LjHaJloroM Ha3bwBaeTCH nepeMe)KaIOMHffCg, HenocpeACTBeH-
HbII3' CJIOBeCHbIH o6MeH MbICJIHMH Mex [y AByM51 H 6oJlblue co6e-
ceAHHKaMH.
1HaJIOrHgeCKoe 06IIleHHe npoTexaeT B BHAe qepeAoBaHHH
BbICKa3bIBaHHH (nocneAHHe npHHHTO Ha3bIBaTb penJIHKaMH) AByX
co6eceAHHKOB no onpeAeJIeHHoI3 TeMe HX pa3rOBopa. B npoueece
AHaJlora co6eceAHHKH o6MeHHBalOTCH B npeo6AaAa1OIIleM 60JIb-
WHHCTBe CJlygaeB TaKHMH BbICKa3bIBaHHHMH, H3 KOTOpbIX nepBoe
aApecyeTCg co6eceAHHxy, a BTOpoe SIBJIHeTCSI HefOCpeACTBeHHOA
peaKIHet3 Ha npeAIIIecTByloulee BbICxa3bIBaHHe H npsiMO COOTHO-
CHTCH C HHM no CMbICJIy, a B Onpe,Ile.ieHHbIX cJIyTIagx H 4)opMaJIb-
HO-rpaMMaTHgecxH. PenJIHKa MOH{ T npe CTaBJIlITb co6Ol3 peaK-
IlHio Ha BbICKa3bIBaHHe, oTAeJIeHHOe OT Hee HeCKOJIbKHMH npeA-
feCTByIOUlHMH penJIHKaMH, B CBH3II C gem yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH
CMbICJIOBaH H CTpyKTypHO-rpaMMaTHgeCKaH COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTb
HeCMe}KHbIX penJIHK. EcJIH Ha OAHO BbMCKa3b!BaHHe pearHpyloT
A,Ba H 60JIbme co6eceAH'H'K0',B, TO COOTHeCeHHbIMH HBJISIIOTCH
CMex(Hbie H HecMex(Hbie pen.iHKH. TaKHM o6pa3OM, nepeMeH{ajo-
uleeCH AHaJIOrngeCKoe o61ueHHe conpoBoH{AaeTCH. OTqeTJIHBO Bbi-
,pa}KeHHOI3 CMbICJIOBOIi H (B onpeAeJIenHbIX CJIyLIasx) (pOpMaJIbHO-
rpaMMaTHgeCKOI-( B3aHMO00OTHOCHTeJIbHOCTbIO penJIHK.
,aHaJIorHgeCKoe o6ulenxe HBJISIeTCH HenocpeACTBeHHbIM.
YqaCTHHKH AHaJiora, BeAH pa3rOBOp, HMC!OT BO3MO)KHOCTb npH
CJIOBecHOM 06MeHe MbICJISIMH ygHTbIBaTb pe3yJlbTaTbI CBOHX 3pH-
TeJlbHbIX H CJIyXOBbIX BOCnpHHTHH (x{eCTbI, MHMHKy, HHTOHaILHIO
co6eceAHHKa, o6CTaHOBKy pa3rOBopa H T. n.) . Bce TO nO3BOJiHeT
ocynlecTBJIHTb 06U eHHe, HCnoJIb3y'5I CpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JlblUoe
KOJIHgeCTBO 313bIKOBbIX cpeA,CTB - B, 6oJIbWIHHCTBe CBOeM npOCTbI-
MH 110 CTpyKType CHHTaKCHgeCKHMII KOHCTp'yKIjHSIM$, C HeAOCKa-
3bIBaHHeM, npOnyCKOM OT) eJlbHbIX CJIOB, H3BeCTHbIX H3 pefJIHKH
C06eceAHHKa HJIH 1IOHHTHbIX B CBH3H C o6ILHOCTbIO npeAnleCTByio-
wero OnbITa rOBOpsuIHX, H3 CHTyauHH -pa3rOBOpa H T. A.
flepeMex(aIOIIlHI3cH HenocpeACTBeHHbII3 xapaKTep AHaJiOrHge-
CKoro o61ueHII51 CTaBHT co6eceAHHKOB nepeA HeoOXOAHMOCTbio
cpa3y we pearHpoBaTb TaK HJIH HHaqe Ha npeAmecTByloulee BbI-
CKa3bIBaHHe. BpeMH Ha o6AyMbIBaHHe y HHX CBeAeHO AO MHHH-
MyMa, (f OpMHpOBaHHe H H3bIKOBoe Bblpax(eHHe MbICJm i OCyuleCT-
BJIHIOTCH 1104TH O.i[HOBpeMeHHO C nepeAagei3 ee Co6eceAHHKy, KaK
6bI . B TaKHX YCJIOBHBX BbIpa3HTb HenocpeACTBeHHyIO
peaKgHIO Ha npeAmeCTByIOnjee BbICKa3bIBaHHe (corJIacHe HJIH He-
COrJ1acHe CO CKa3aHHbIM, OTpHuaHHe, B03paxceHHe, COMHeHHe
H T. fn.) Jlerge H 'npouje Bcero nyTe'M nOBTOpa oTAeJlbxbix CJIOB
HJIH CTPYKTyPHbIX 0co6eHHOCTeI3 penJIHKH C06eCeAHHKa. YA06CTBO
AHaJ1orHgeCKoro nOBTOpa COCTOHT B TOM, LITO OH B H3BeCTHOH Mepe
OCB060x{AaeT BTOpOrO CO6eCeAHHKa, pearHpyloulero Ha penJinxy,
AT Heo6XOAHMOCTH nOAbICKHBaTb CneuHaJIbHEje CJiOBa H 4)OpMy
Bblpa KeHHH CBOHX MbICJiefl, TaK KaK no3BOJisIeT HCnOJIb3OBaTb
17*
259
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CJIOBeCHbIH H CTpyKTypHbII3 COCTBB npeALHeCTBYIOHIero BbICKa3bI-
BaHHH. BMeCTe C TeM tiepe3 nocpeACTBO nOBTOpeHHSI HJIH yKa3a-
HHeM Ha OTCyTCTBHe TaKOrO nOBTOpeHHH (Hy.IeBOH nOBTOp) yCTa-
HaBJIHBaeTCH CMbICJIOBaSI H CTPYKTYPHO-rpaMMaTHqeCKaH COOTHO-
CHTeJIbHOCTb AByX penjiHK. BOT no4eMy nOBTOpbI nOJIyLIHJIH CTOJIb
LHHpOKOe pacnpOCTpaxeHHe B AHaJIoruwIecKou pel1H.
B pyCCKOM 513bIKe C(4OpMHpOBaJlaCb XOPOILIO pa3BHTaI, yCTO-
HBIHaHCH CHCTeMa AHaJ orHtIeCKHX nOBTOpOB, KOTOpaH HCHOJIb-
3yeTCH B KageCTBe OAHOro H3 OCHOBHbIX cpeACTB CHHTaKCH4eCKOH
CB513H peHJIHK. 1? CyLuecTBO CHCTeMbI
ynOTpe6JIHIO1UHXCB B AHaJIore nOBTOpOB CBOAHTCH K PRAY COOTHO"
LueHHH. OCHOBy 3THX CoOTHOLneHHH cocTaBJIHIOT IIPOCTOcI
FIOBTOP H CKBO3HOVI ITIOBTOP.
IIpoCTOH HOBTOJ Bblpa}KaeT 4)opMaJIbHO-H3bIKOBoe cuen.ne-
HHe AByX cMe)KHbIX penJIHK. I4CnoJIb3OBaHHe B BTOM nOBTOpe pa3-
JIH'qHbIX 513bIKOBbIX cpeACTB onpe,eJIHJIO BbIAeJIeHHe B ero COCTaBe
pHAa pa3HOBHAHOCTeH noBTOpa. CpeAH nocJIeAHHx HaH6OJlee HIH-
poKHe HBJIeHHH npeAcTaBJIHIOT co6ofi HPOCTOPI COBCTBEH-
HO FIOBTOP H UIPOCTOI%I HYJIEBOFI nIOBTOP. BHyTpH
Co6CTBeHHO nOBTOpa yCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH UPOCTOPI JIEKCHIAE-
CKI4FI IIOBTOP, FIPOCTOPI CI4HTAKCHI-IECKI'I0 rIAPAJI-
JIEJII43M H IIPOCTOI%I CMEILiAHHbIPI FIOBTOP (JleKcMKo-
CTpyKTypHbIH nOBTOp).
C npOCTbIM nOBTOpOM COOTHOCHTCH CKBO3HOH nOBTOp, KOTO-
pbIH o6ecne,4HBaeT CHHTaKCH4eCKYIO CB513b pHAa cMe)KHbIX H He-
cMe}KHbIX penJIHK. CKBO3HOH nOBTOP OTJIHTIaeTCH OT npoCToro n0-
BTOpa KaK HO xapaKTepy COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTH penJIHK, TaK H HO
(~yHKUHHM CHHTaKCH4eCKOH CBH3H.
CHCTeMe pa3HOBHAHOCTeH npOCTOro nOBTOpa HpOTHBOHOCTaB-
JIHeTCH cOOTHOCHTeJIbHa1 C Hef CHCTeMa pa3HOBHAHOCTeI CKBO3-
Horo n0'BTOpa: npOCTOMY CO6CTBeHHOMY HOBTOPY - CKBO3HOH co6-
CTBeHHO nOBTOp, npOCTOMY HyJIeBOMy nOBTOpy - CKB03HOH HyJle-
BOH nOBTOp, npOCTbIM nOBTOpaM - JIeKOH4eCKOMY, CMeIIIaHHOMY
H CHHTaKCmeCKOMy napaJIJIeJIH3My rIpOTHBOHOCTaBJIeHbI 000TBeT-
CTBeHHO CKB03Hble nOBTOpbI - JIeKCHLIeCKHH, CMeIUaHHbIH H CHH-
TaKCHgIeCKHH napaJIJleJIH3M.
Ka}KAas pa3HOBHAHOCTb nOBTOpa o6JlaaaeT CBoeH cneuH4)H-
KOH. B AHaJlore npH BbIpa7KeHHH CHHTaKCHgeCKOHCB5I3H eHJH1K
pa3HOBHAHOCTH nOBTOpa B3aHMOAeHCTBYIOT Apy C APY
LuHM, o6,beAHHHIOHZHM AJIH BCeX pa3HOBHAHOCTeH, 1103BOJIRIOMHM
l B. H. l p u e B a. 0 COOTHOIneHHH KOJH4eCTBeHHbIx H Ka4eCTBeHHbIX
H3MCHeHHlH B II3bIKe. KHaymibie aoKJIaabl BbICIUeH UIKOnbw. (DHnonore4ecKHe
HayiH)>. H3A. aCOBeTCKaH HayKa>, M., N? 2, 1958, cTp. 3.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
OTHeCTH HX K nOBTOpy, 5IBJISIeTCH TO, LITO BCe OHH CTpOHTCSJ Ha OT-
pa?KeHHH B nocjieAyioiueH penJrHKe Tex HJIH HHbIX CJIOBeCHbIX H
CTpyKTypHO-rpaMMaTHLIeCKHX ocO6eHHOCTef3 npeAulecTByioujeK
penJIHKH, T. e. HOBTOp$HOT, Ay6JIHpyIOT ee cocMaB.
PaCCMOTpHM Ka}KAyIO H3 pa3HOBHAHOCTeI3 HOBTOpa B OTAeJIb-
HOCTH.
1. IIpOCTON IIOBTOp
fpOCTOIi nOBTOp npeJICTaBJISIeT co6oH nOBTOpeHHe B noc ie-
AyloujeH penJlHKe CJIOBeCHbIX, CTpyKTypHbIX HJIH OAHOBpeMeHHO
TeX H ApyrHX ocooeHHOCTeIl npeAuiecTByloujeIi penJIHKH. HaJIH-
4HeM HJIH OTCyTCTBHeM B ABYX CMe}KHbIX pefJIHKa ( onpeAeJleH-
HbIX CJIOBeCHbIX H CTpyKTypHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB BbIpa}KaeTCSI CHHTaK-
CH4eCKaSI COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTb 3THX penJIHK, FIX (opMaJIbHO-rpaM-
MaTH4eCKOe CLjenJleHHe Ha OCHOBe OTHOHIeHHI3 B3aHM03aBHCHMO-
CTH. EOJlbula1l CTeneHb IOAgHHeHHSI xapaKTepHa AJISI BTOPOI3 pen-
JIHKH. OHa BbIHOJIHSieT pearHpylou ylo (JYHKUHIO HO OTHOHIeHHIO K
npeAwecTByIOujeMy BbICKa3bIBaHHIO, B CBSI3H C ileM >1.
HanpHMep:
- ...IIpHAeTCSl Ha HO'Ib Y JIyKH OCTaHOBHTbCSI.
-Y KaKOrO JIyKH?
(A. H. LI e x o B, T. 4, cTp. 28)
BTOpaH penJIHKa noBTOpxeT CJIOBO nepBOli penJiuKn
6e3 H3MeHeHHH ero rpaMMaTH4eCKOI%I (lO!~pMbi, JIeKCH4eCKoro 3Ha-
4eHHSI H CHHTaKCH4eCKOFI (pyHKLLHH. JTOT noBTOp COOTHOCHT
BonpocHTe.lbxoe npeAJIO}KeHHe c npeAHlecTByIOnjHM npeAJlo)Ke-
HHeM, CTaBHT nOIBTOp5eMOe CJIOBO B OILHH p5IA c 4JIeHBMH npelL.lo-
}KeHHSI nepBofI pennJIHKH, B CBSI3H C 4eM BOCnOJIHHeTCSI CMbICJIOBOe
COAep}KaHHe H CHHTaKCH4eCKaH CTpyKTypa BOnpOCHTeJIbHOrO
npeAJIO}KeHHSI. B nocJIeAHeM CTaHOBHTCH o4eBHAHbIM OTCyTCTBHe
noBTOpeHHH p'Aa 4JIeHOB npeAJ1o}KeHH$ nepBOi3 peHJIHKH.
IIOBTOp CJIOBa H OTCyTCTBHe rOBTopeHH5 B nocJie-
Ayionjei3 perLJIHKe pHAa 4JIeHOB npeAJlo}KeHHH npe L HeCTByjoujeA
penJIHKH - 3TO Te (1OpMaJIbHO-3q3bIKOBbie cpeACTBa, c nOMOIgbio
KOTOpbIX BblpaHcalOTCSI cyujecTByIOUjne Me}KAy penJIHKaMH CHH-
TaKCH4eCKHe OTHOIUeHH5I B3aHMO00OTHOCHTeJIbHOCTH HpH 6oJIb-
IueM nOAgHHeHHH nOCJIe.IyioujeK penJIHKH ripeAluecTByIOlIjecI, TaK
KaK o6ycJIOBJIena CJIOBeCHO H CTpyKTypHO (noBTOpxeT HJIH He
nOBTOp5ieT) nOCJIeayIOIIjaH penJIHKa, B TO BpeMH KaK nepBaH pen-
JIHKa B CBOHX (popMax OTHOCHTeJIbHO CBo60aHa. BMeCTe C TeM Ha-
JIH4He (KaK H OTCyTCTBHe) B o6eHX penJIHKax OAHHaKOBbIX CJIO-
I H. 10. ju B e A o B a. 04epKH no CHITTaKCxcy pyCCKOll pa3roaopaoci pe-
4H. ABT0pe4)epaT AOKTOpCKON AHCCepTal(HH, M., 1958, cTp. 23.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BOCHbIX H CTpyKTypHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB BbI.pa)KaeT He TOJIbKO CHHTaK-
CHtIeCKHe OTHOUleHHH Me}K,ILy penJIHKaMH, HO H xapaKTep CBA3H -
CHHTaKcHtiecKoe CuenJleHHe penJIHK.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, CHHTaKCHtieCKaHI CBSI3b, Bbipa)KaeMasi c no-
MbujbKl npOCTOro nOBTOpa, HOCHT XapaKTep 4 opMaJIbHO-H3bIKO-
BOrO caenJIeHHH AByX CMe?KHbIX penJIHK, MexcAy KOTOpbIMH Cy-
IUeCTByIOT CHHTaKCHT.IeCKHe OTHOweHHH B3aHMO00OTHeCeHHOCTH
npH 6OJIbuleH CTeneHH nORgHHeHHH noCJleAylouieH penJIHKH npeA-
uIeCTByloIueH. TaKafi CBSI3b CBOHCTBeHHa BCeM pa3HOBHAHOCTHM
AaHHOrO nOBTOpa. BMeCTe C TeM B pa3JIHtlHbIX pa3HOBHAHOCTHX
oTMe'aeTCH H3BeCTHoe CBOeo6pa3He B cpopMe H cpeAcTBax Bblpa-
)KeHHH 3TOH CBSI3H, B CTeneHH B3aHMO3aBHCHMOCTH penJIHK H CTe-
neHn nOAgHHeHHH nocneAy OiueH penJIHKH npeameCTBylolueH.
A. IIPOCTOO COBCTBEHHO IIOBTOP
UpocToH co6cTBeHHO noBTOp - nOBTO'peHHe B nocJleAyiouieH
penJIHKe cJIOBeCHOrO COCTaIBa npeauleCTByloulei penJIHIKH, oco'6eH-
HoCTeH ee 'CHHTaKCHtleCKOH CTPyKTypbI HJIH OAHoBpeMeHHO Toro H
Apyroro -BbIaeJISieTCSI ,KaK 4opMaJIbHO-513bIKOBOe cpe,ILCTBO,
COOTHOCHTejIbHoe npOCTOMY HyJIeBOMy 'nOBTOpy. Cne4LH(1HKa npo-
cToro cO6CTBeHHO nOBTOpa paCKpblBaeTCSI B ero pa3HOBHAHO-
CT5IX -'npOCTOM JIeKCHtleCKOM InoBTOpe (nO'BTOp CJIOBeCHOI'O CO-
cTaBa npe LmecTByiolueH penJIHKH), npOCTOM CHHTaKCHqeCKOM na-
paJIJIeJI'H3Me (n0'BTOp oco6eHHOCTeH CHHTaKCHgeCKOH CTpyKTypbI)
H npOCTO'M CMeuLaHHOM nOBTOpe (oaHOBpeMeHHbIH I1OBTOP CJIOBe'C-
Horo COCTaBa H 'CTpyKTYP-HbIX oCo6eHHodre}).
1. flpocToll aeKCxvecKmA nOBTOp
1-1pOCTOI3 JIeKCHgeCKHH HOBTOp OTpa}KaeT JIeKCHtieCKyIO H
CTpyKTypHyIO 3aBHCHMOCTb BTOPOH penJIHKH OT npeAuleCTBylo-
ulerO BbICKa3bIBaHH5I: nOBTOpHeTCSI OnpeAeJIeHHoe CJIOBO nepBOH
penJIHKH, npHgeM IpopMa ero BO BTOPOH penJiHKe He npOH3BOJIb-
Ha, OHa onpeAeJiSIeTCa 3aKOH0MepHOCTHMH nOCTpoeHHSI nocJIeAyio-
uLHX penJIHK B AHajiore. BOKpyr nOBTOpHeMbIX CJIOB o6bItiHo rpyn-
nHpyIOTC,H 14aCTHubl, MexcAOMeTHSI, MOAaabHble CJIOBa, o6paiue-
HH5I H ILPyrxe rpynnbi CJIOB, B pe3yJlbTaTe tiero CO3AaIOTCa xapaK-
TepHbie Aim pa3rOBOpHOH petlH CHHTaKCHtieCKHe KOHCTpYKUHH,
OCHOBY KOTOpbIX COCTaBJISieT JIeKCHtieCKHH nOBTOp - nOBTOpHeMoe
CJIOBO (6e3 npeanora HJIH B cogeTaHHH C npeAJIOrOM) 1.
H HMepbl:
1) - BOT KyAa npHBeJIa Hac cyAb6a, - CKa3aJI aH6Hq.
- KaKasl }Ke CyAb6a? MbI K 9TOMy uIJIH.
(K. e A H H, T. 5, cTp. 102).
I KaaCCH(4HKauHH H pa3HOCTOpOHHee onHCaHHe 9THX penJHK, KaK i nO-
AO6HbIX penJIHK, 4)opMHpyeMbIX Ha OCHOBe CMewaHHOTO nOBTopa, AaHbI B yKa-
3aHHbIX Bwlue CTaTbe H AHccepTaUHH H. 10. III B e A 0 B 0 i(.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
2) (IIepgHxHH) ...R Taac noaarato, 'ITO BCAKOe Reno nio-
60BbIO OCBHIIjaeTCH...
(BecceMeHoB) BcAKoe?
(M. r0pbKHIi, T. 6, CTp. 18)
3) - OH Y HaC TOSKe XOpOIIIHIi.
- IIOgeMy TO}Ke?
(K. C H M O H O B, T. 3, cTp. 63)
4) - CoxonoBy IIonHHy reoprnesny 3Haewb?
- 3Haio.
(A. (Da A e e B, KeHHR, OC06eHHOCTH HX Mop(ponorHLlecxoro O(IOpMJIeHHSH,
HHTOHauHIO. HCHOJlb3OBaHHe TO}KAeCTBeHHbIX CTpyKTypHo-rpaM-
MaTHLIeCKHX CpeACTB B uenH pennHK'o6eCneLIHBaeT CHHTaKCH4e-
CKOe caenneHHe pennHK B nOPRAKe cneAOBaHuH HX B AHanore.
CMe)KHble pennHKH HaXOARTCH B OTHOIneHHRX B3aHMO00OTHOCH-
TenbHOCTH. B CB513H C TeM, LITO Ka)KAag nocae.ylomaH pennHKa,
OCyLueCTBJIRR CTpyKTypHbIH nOBTOp, He MO}KeT He y'4HTbIBaTb
CTpyKTypHble oCO6eHHOCTH npeAmeCTByIOIIZeii, pennHKH, JIHHHH
CHHTaKCHLIeCKOI'o HOALIHHeHHSI BbISIBJIHIOTCH B nocaeAyloIuxx pen-
JIHKax. BTOpai pennHKa 6onee 3aBHCHMa OT nepBOH peHJIHKH, LIeM
nepsaR OT Hee, HO McHee 3aBHCHMa OT TpeTbeH pennHKH. TaKHe
we CHHTaKCHLIeCKHe oTHouieHHR CyIueCTByIOT Y TpeTbeH pennHKH
CO BTOpOH H LIeTBe1TOH pennHKaMH.
CpeAH pa3JIHLIHbIx BHAoB Ay6JIHpOBaHHR HLH60JIbuiel yno-
Tpe6HTeJIbHoCTblo B AHanorH4ecxoH pe4H XapaKTepH3yeTCl Ay6nH-
poBaHHe oco6eHHocTel Mopq)onorHLlecxoro o(popMneHHH LIneHOB
npeAno)KeHHR HCXOAHOH pennHKH.
11pHMepbl:
1) - KOMy HY)KHa 3AeCb MOR rIOMOLUb?
- MoeH Aouepx!
- A! Bepe... MHxainoBHe! 4TO C HeH?
(A. H. I'epueH, T. 1, cTp. 254)
272
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
2) - C.nyluaf, AKepMaH, - CHpOCHJI OH THXO, - KaK HX
3OByT?
- Koro?
- Hy BTHX ABOHX, HOXOpOHeHHbIX BMeCTe?
- CoJIAaTa - THXOHOB, a npanopuuHKa - BecTyxceB.
(K. fl a y C T o B C K H N, T. 2, cTp. 248)
3) - Korja npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO HAeT 3Aecb noCJIeAHHI3 cHer?
- CHpocHJl SI.
- B Mae, - OTBeTHJI JI.
- HenpaBAa, B HIOHe, - CKa3aJI AowTOp.
(A. fl. LI e x o B, T. 10, CTp. 58)
3. CKBOMOif CMeWaHHbIff HOBTOp
CKB03HOF4 CMethaHHbII3 HOBTOP ynOTpe6JISieTCH npHH Bblpaxce-
HHH B noCJleAy1OHuHX peHJIHKaX HenocpeACTBeHHbIX peaKIIHIi (OCO-
6eHHO OTpHUaTeJIbHbIX - Bo3pa3KeHHe, COMHeHHe, HecorJiacne
H T. n.) Ha npeaiueCTBy10IIjee BbICKa3bIBaHHe. HaH6o.iee 4aCTO OH
BCTpe4aeTCn npH cnope co6eceAHHKOB, rae HepeMe KalouiHecs pen-
JIHKH OTpa)KaIOT CMeHY pa3HbIX peaKI Hfl.
B OTJIH4He OT JIeKCH4eCKoro HOBTOpa H CHHTaKCH4eCK0i'o na-
paJIJIeJIH3Ma, Ay6JIHpyIOMHX TOJIbKO CJIOBeCHbIII COCTaB HJIH TOJIb-
KO CTPYKTypy HCXOAHOiI penJIHKH, CKB03HOR CMeHIaHHbIl3 HOBTOp
npOH3BOaHT OAHOBpeMeHHOe HOBTOpeHHe CJIOBeCHbIX H CTpyKTyp-
HbIX 0006eHHOCTeI3, B CBSI3H C tleM o6ecrie4HBaeT 60Jiee pa3HOCTO-
pOHHIOIO B3aHM000OTHOCHTeJlbHOCTb H 6o iee np04H0e CHHTaKCH4e-
CKoe CljenJleHHe penJIHK, 4eM yKa3aHHbie IIOBTOpbI. LIaCTb CJIOBec-
' HOrO COCTaBa HOBTOpa o6bI4HO H3MeHSIeT CBOIO rpaMMaTH4eCKy1O
4npMy. C.IiygaH HOJIHOI'O COOTBeTCTBHSI JIeKCH4eCKOrO H CTpyKTyp-
HOrO IIOBTOpa B COCTaBe CKBO3HOI'O CMeuiaHHOro HOBTOpa Ha6JIIo-
AaiOTCH peAKO.
flpHMepbI:
a) CKBO3Hble JIeKCH4eCKHFi H CTPYKTYPHbill HOBTOpbI, COCTaB-
JI511OIUHe CKBO3HOII CMeWaHHbIN nOBTOp, OXBaTbIBa1OT OAHH H TOT
x{e CJIOBeCHbIrI CQCTaB:
1) - LITO }Ke, B 3TOT Be4ep BbI TO?Ke 3aaep)KaJIHCb Ha
cJiyxc6e?
- HeT. B 3TOT Beep - HeT.
- A r,ae xce BbI 6bIJIH?
- B 3TOT Bevep... npOCTO }KHTei1CKHiI CJIy4aH, - CKa3aJI
O3HO6HIIIHH.
(K. (D ea H H, T. 5, CTp. 76, 77)
2) (Mapbsi JIbBOBHa) COHSI! g04Ka MOH! EcJIH 6bI Tb1
3Ha ia!..
(CoHSn) A H 3HaIo!
(Mapbci JIbBOBHa) Tb1 HH4erO He 3Hae[Hb!..
(M. r o p b K H fl, T. 6, cTp. 253)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
3) - ...Bac HHKTO He npOCHT.
- H BaC HHKTO He npOCHT, OAHaKO )Ke BbI B MOM AOMe`
YCTPOHJIH IJeJIbIIi KOMHTeT! - CKa3aJI A.
- McHA npacsIT, a Bac, nOBepbTe, HHKTO H HHl Orga He
nOnpocHT.
(M. ropbKHIi, T. 6, CTP. 74)
B) H3MeHeHHe CKBO3HOrO cMemaHHoro nOBTOpa OqeHb TIacTO
CB5I3aHO C TeM, ZITO OT nOBTOpa OTnagalOT HJIH K HeMy npncoeAH-
HAIOTC51 OT,geJlbHbie wIeHbI npeAJlo)KeHHH, B pe3yJIbTaTe qero B OA-
HOIi HJIH HeCKOJIbKHX penJIHKax yMeHbluaeTCH o6-beM KaK JIeKCH
4eCKOro, TaK H CTPYKTYPHOrO rIOBTOpa.
flpHMepbI:
1) - ..:HeT, BbI M'O?KeTe Ha McHSI rIOJI'O)KHTbCSI: Koraa A pa_
6OTaJl B ropoge, MHC He pa3 'npHXO'AHJIOCb nepeBO3!HTI.
CeKpeTHble naKeTbl.
- A C KCM Bbl pa6OTaJIH?
- Pa6OTaJI A C MaKCHMaJIHCTaMH, HO 51 AyMaJI TOraa, LITO-
9TO BCe pa!BHO...
- To eCTb KaK tBCe paBHO?
- qa C KeM pa6OTaTb...
(A. CD a a e e B, , cTp. 110)
2) (,aBoeTOqHe) ...3X, MHJIBH 6apbIHH, nOJIIO6HJI A Bac!
(EJIeHa) Ba! 3HaqHT, SI, no-BalueMy, XOJIOAHan?
6) CKB03HOH JIeKCHtieCKHH nOBTOP OXBaTbIBaeT TOJIbKO MaCTb
BXOASIniHX B CKBO3HOIi CTpyKTypHbIIi nOBTOP CJIOB:,
1) - A a TO }(, 'ITO CKa3aJI: HHKTO He 3anHHIeT.
- A A 3anHllly.
-,a B bI e)KeJIH H 3anHIDeTe, TBK B KPHTHKY, KaK rO
BOPHT MHUjeHKOB, - npH6aBHJI OH, yJIbl6aslcb.
(JI. H. T o JI C T 0 ii, T. 3, CTp. 56)
2) -...TaK 'ITO Bbl He OqeHb 3aHOCHTecb, npanopl lHK.
- Aa A H He 3aHoIIIyCb.
- HanpaCHO! A 6b1 Ha BaureM McCTe 3aHeccsi.
(K. lIayCTOBCKHH, T. 3, CTp. 446)
3) (EJIeHa) ...OAHaKO... BeAb. H H TO}Ke... 3Ha'IHT, H A ny--
cTasi?
(feTp) 0 HeT! BbI - HeT!. Bbl- }KHBaA, BbI, KaK py'eli,.
OCBe}KaeTe 1Ie.IOBeKa!
(Bapsapa MHxaliJrq iia) 3a WO JI106HTb WHO
(,aBoeTO'IHe) a a pa3Be JII06S1T 3a 4TO-HH6ygb? JIIO6HT
TaK, npoCTO.
(M. IF o p b K H ii, T. 6, CTp. 260)
-...a HOTOM, - H Ca.6ypoB yJIbr6HyJIC5I, - Ha pa,iiocTHx
Bbl )Ke HeM'H,O)KH'O AaAHTe, a?
- p,aM, - oTBeTHJL.. PeMH30B.
- Hy, H reHepaJ1, KorAa MbI eMy AOJI'O)KHM, BeAb AaCT?
(A. ri. LI e x o B, T. 7, CTp. 24)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
- HeCOMHeHH'O Aa'CT, - CKa3aJI PeMH3OB. - SI-TO He
Maio, euze AaM HJIH HeT,,a reHepaA AaCT.
- Ho H Bbl Aa nrre? _
AaM. Awe Iuylly. I' 'nepBOro AaM ce6si...
(K. C iH M O H-0 B, T. 3, CTp. 280).
CKBO3HOR HYJIEBOR nOBTOP
CKB03,H,okl HyJiesoff inoBTOp npeucTaBJISIeT co'6oH pacllpOCTpa-
HenHe HyJieBOro nOBTOpa Ha rpyr ny nocneayiou nx penJIHK. B OT-
JIHgHe OT CKB03HOrO co6cTBeHHO nOBTOpa, BbIpa}Kaioluero nociie-
LL0BaTeJIbHyIO C'1HHTaKCH'ZIeCKyIO B3aHMO000TH'OCHTejlbHOCTb pen-
JIHK, CKB03HOR 'Hy.IeBOI1 IIOBTOp HcfOJlb3yeTCH Aim o6ecnegeHHSI
())OpMaJIbHO-rpaMMaTHRIecKOH COOTHOCHTeJIbHOCTH nocaeAyionuix
penJIHK C nagaJlbnOH (HCXOI HOfi) AJIH AaHHoro 'nOBTO'pa penJIHKON.
9TOT BHAnOBTOpa, n0 TeM xce npHWHHaM,'ITO H npOCTOI3 HyJIeBOFi
nOBTOp, ynOTpe'6JI5ieTcsI r.naBHbIM 06pa3OM AJIH CTpyKTyp'HO-rpaM-
MaTHgeCKoro cuen.neHHH rp'ynnbi nepeMe}Kaiou1HxcsI BOnpo'CHTeJIb-
HbIX H OTBeTHbIX penJIHK. CMbICJIOBa$ H CTPYKTypHO-rpaM'MaTHge-
CKasI OAHOnL aHOBOCTb uenH penJr'nK -'Heo6XO.lj'HMOe yCJIOBHe AJIH
HCHOJIb3'OBaHHH B p'eI1JIHKaX CKB03HOrO HyJieBoro nOBT0'pa.
'HanpHMep:
-]Jana li CnOpHTb, 'gro H 3aBTpa )H'afiMyCb B ropoAcxoi
TeaTp, - CKa3aJI 51.
- KeM?
- He Bce JDH paBHO?
- Ha cueny?
- Ha cuexy.
(K. e A H H, T. 6, cTp. 14).
B 3TOM npHMepe 'CHHTaKCHgeCKH pa3HepHyTbIM HBJIHeTCH
TOJIb'KO 'nepBoe npexio Ke'HHe. B OCTaJIbHbIX p'enJIHKax ynOTpe6JIe-
HbI npe.JI0)KeHH5I, KOTOpble 'C'OCTOHT H3 'OA'HHX BTO'pOCTeneHHbIX
gJIeHOB, pa3BH!B.aIO1jHX TeMy allaJiora.
I1paMM'aTH'geCKaI cf opMa CJIOB, COCTaBJIsnoLuHX nocJleayio-
IuHe penJI'HKH, o6ycJIaBJIexa (POpMOH TeX CJIOB nepsoH penJIHKH,
KOTOpbie iHe nOBTOp5IIOTCH B noc ieiyioiuHX BbicKa3bIBaHH5IX. IIpH-
ge'M, 9TH HenOBTOpHeMble, cpaKTHgeCKn OTcyTCTByIOn1He CJIOBa
onpeAeJIHJIH CTpyKTypHO-rpaM'MaTH'geCKoe Oc opMJIeH'He nocJie-
AyIOIW'X penJIHK, HMeHI 'H3MeHeHHyIO 'n0 cpaBHe'HHIO C nepBOH pen-
JIHKOH (4opMy (TbI HAPIMEIIIbCS1 KeM, TbI HAPIMEIIIbCSI He
Bce JIH paBHO KeM, TbI HA1%IMEIIIbCSI Ha cuexy). TaKHM o6pa-
30M, nocJlelLyiouwe pefJIHKH He 11OBTOPHIOT B CBOeM 4JopMaJlbHo-
rpaMMaTHgecxoM CocTase OTAeJIbnbIX 'IJIeHOB npeaJlo?KeH'HSI nep-
BOIi penJIHKH, - > H CHHTaKCHxieCKHH napaJlJle-
JIH3M (Ka'K>> - (Ay6nHpoBa?HHe MOpcpoJlorHlIecxoro oc opM-
neHHSI 2lneHa 'npeAnoxceHHH).
B3AHMOAEHCTBHE PA3HOBHAHOCTEH nOBTOPA rIPH
BbLPA)KEHHH CHHTAKCHgECKOH CBB3H PEHJIHK B AHAJIOrE
CHHTaKCH'neCKa$I CBH3b perijiHK B AHanore ocya eCTBnxeTCH
o6bIIqHO npH OAHOBpeMeHHOM HCn'OJIb3OBaH'HH HeCKOJIbKHX (3Op-
MaJIbHO-H3bIKO,BbIX CpeACTB. Co 1eTa'HHH 3THX cpeACTB pa3HO06pa3-
HbI. aBe HJDH 60JIbulee KOJIHqeCTBO perJT,H'K MOryT cue'nJISITbCSI oA-
HOBpeMeH,HO C HOMOIUb1o psuAa pa3'HOBHAHOCTeI3 Hp'OCTbIX TI'OBTO-
paB. fI:p'H HanHRIHH B ue'nH perijiHK CKB03HOr0 IIOBTOpa 'Bce 'CMe>K-
Hble penn'H'KH 'HnH OTAeju Hble napbI penJIHK cuenJlrnoTCR TaK)Ke
IIpOCTbIM,H fOBTOp'aMH. BCTpegaloTCSI co ieTaHH5i H CKBO'3HbIX n03-
TOpOB. HapHuy C IIOBTopaM]H, B KaL1eCTBe CpeACTB C'B5I3H MOryT
6bITb HCHOJIb30BaHbI C0103bI, CTpYKTypHOe COOTHOIIIeT-IHe penJIHK,
HHTOHaUHSI H AP. YnoTpe611eHHe AJI$l CBH3H pennHK Toro HJIH H'HO-
ro coueTaHHSI c opMaJIbHO-5I3bIKOBbIX CpeACTB BcerAa o6yCJIOBJiexO
xapaKTepoM cyluecTByloIAHX Me)KAy penJIHKaM'H CMbICJIOBbIX H
CIHHTaKCHgeCKHfX OTH'OuieHHI3. B3aHM,0AeI3CTBHeM HeCKOJIbKHX (p'op-
MaJIbHO-513bIK0BbIX cpeACTB Bblpa}KaeTCH M'HOrOCTOpO'HHee CTpyK-
TypH'O-rpaMMaTHRIeCKoe CKpeTTneHHe penJIHK H CJI0)K'HbIIi X!apaKTep
CHH'Ta'KCH'4eCKHX OTHOIneHHIi Me}KAY HHMH.
B aaBYX CMe3KHbIX penJiH'KaX B03MO HO cotieTaHHe He 6onee
ABYX noBTOpOB. Pa3HOBHAHOCTH CO6CTBeHI-IO TIOBTOpa BCTynaIOT
BO B'3aHMoaecICTBHe C 'HyneBbIM n'oBTOpoM. Mexuy co6oi co6cT-
BeH'H'O fOBTOpbI COqeTaHH13 He o6pa3yloT 1. Taxoe orpaHilI leT-IHe
BO3MO}KHOCTefl coqeTaH'HH HO'BTOpOB o6yCnoBJICH0 OHpeAeJleH,HbI-
MH npH'4HHaMIH. B'Ce'C06CTBe'HHO IIOBTOpbi, KaK H3BecTHO, CTpO'51T-
CH Ha OTpa)KeHHH 'B HocJleuyiolueK penJHKe CJIO'BeCHbIX HJIH CTpyK-
TypHbIX oco6eHHocTeI%I npeAHIecTByjo1uel3 perJIHKH. f1OBTOp BO
BTOPOH pe'nJIH'Ke K'oHKpeTHoro CJIOBa, Cn'O'BOC!OgeTa,HH5[ HJIH 3ne-
McHTOB CTp'yKTypbI HpeJlLHeCTBy1oiuerO BbICKa3bIBa'HH5I nOKa3bI-
BaeT ee JIeKCHLIeCKyIO H CTpyKTypHyIO o6ycnoBJIeHHOCTb H 000THe-
CeHHOCTb C nep'BOI3 penJIHKOH. aocTaTOLI'HO ynOTpe'6JIeHH51 OAHOrO
C06CTBeHHO 'fOBTOpa, TITO6bi CBH3b perijiHK CTana o le&HAHOI3. BOT
notieMy c'O6CTBeHHO rIOBTOpbI He coYeTaloTCH Apyr C ApyroM.
I JIexcHgeciHw nOBPOp H CHHTaKCHtIecKHJI napaJIJIeJIH3M B COcTaBe cMe-
IDaHHOrO TIOBTOpa COCTBBJI1IOT OAHO genoe. r103TOMY CMemaHHbA IOBTOP
HeJIb3H paccMaTpHBaTb KaK B3aHMoAeACTBHe AByX yKa3aHHbIX C06CTBeHHO nOB-
TOpOB.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
MIHage 06CTOHT Aeno B penAffKax C HyneBbl'M noBTOpoM. Hy-
JIeBOH BOBTOP BbDnOJIHSIeT TaKHe )Ke CHHTa'KCH'qeOKHe (pyHKUIIHH,
Ka'K H CO6CTBeHH'O nOBTOpbI, HO no CBOeMy (4opMaJIb'Ho-SI3bIKOBOMy
Bblpa)KeHHIO OH OTJPHRiaeTCSI OT HHX, TaK KaK OTpa)KaeT B TIO'Cne-
.! y1oIue33 pen mxe OCO6eHHOCTH npeA1IeCTByIOIueI3 pennHKH OTpH-
uaTenb'HO (;nocJreAyloluax pen.nH(Ka He HMeeT CJIOBeOHOrO Bblpa-
'}KeHHSI nOBTopa). gIBJIgISICb TaKHM MHCTO HeraTHBHbIM cpeACTBOM,
HyneBOH noBTO'p Bblpa}KaeT CIO OTHOCHTenb'HOCTb pennH'K McHee
npo3paTIHO, qeM CO6CTBeHHO nOBTOpbI. LITO6bI CHnbHee noA'gepK-
HyTb 3Ty COOTHOCHTenbHOCTb, B pCnJIHIKaX C OTPHI(aTenbHblM 'nOB-
TOpOM 'H ynOTpe6J1H10T co6CTBeH,HO noBTOp HJIH ApyrHe cpeACTBa
CB513H.
JIeKCHRIeCKHI3 H CMeHIaHHbI11 'no'BTOpbI B pennHKax c HyneBbIM
nOBTOPOM Bblp'a)KaIOT OCJIO}KHeHHble pa3H'o06pa3HbIM'H ,i[OnOJIHH-
TeJ[b'HbPMH OTTeHKaMH yTBepAHTenbHble H! OTp'HuaTeJIbHble pepK-
WHH. CHHTa'KCH'TIeCKHH napanJleJIH3M noBTopseT He CnoBa, a 9ne-
McHTbI CTpyKTypbl, B CBH3H C 4e'M npeAnojiaraeT ynOTpe6JleHlle
HOBbIX 'HO CpaBHeHHIO C HP JUL1eCTB'Y1O1IIHM BbICKa3bIBa'HmeM CJIOB.
HOBble CJIOBa n03BOJISIIOT 'Bblpa)KaTb H'OBble MbICJIH H pa3B-H'BaTb
Telly JI,'Han09'a. BepOSITHO, nO3TOMy CHHTaKCHgecKHA napannenH3M
BCTPexiaeTCSI B coT4eTaH!HH C Hyne'BbIM nOBTOPOM qaiae neKCHIqeCKO-
ro H CMeuIaHHOTO nOBTOpOB. CHHTaKCHqeCKHff napannenH3M npeA-
HO'iITHTenbHee yKa3aHHbIX nO;BTOPOB H B CTHJIJIHCTHMeCKO'M OTHO-
WeHHH, TaK KaK OH p'a3'Hoo6pa3HT cjior.
rlpHMepbl:
A. B3anMO.i[eiCTByIOT CBHTaKCHtIeCKHFi napanneJIH'3M H Hyne-
B'OH nOBTOp. O6a nOBTOpa BbFpa}K'aiIOT CTPYKTYPHYIO 3aBHCH'MOCTb
BTOpofI pennFHKH OT nepBOA.
1) (CTenaH) A rje alga?
(LlepxyH) Tam.
(M. rOpbKHA, T. 6, CTp.410).
2) ('Cepe6pMKoB) gaBHO npHexaa?
(O'pJOBC'KHI3) B nSITHHL y.
(A. rI. LI e x O 'B, T. 9, cTp. 147).
3) - BbI Ha KaKOM (paKyJIbTeTe? - onpoCHna oHa.
(A. 11. LI e x'0 B, T.. 6, cTp. 191) .
B. B3aHMOAeftCTByIOT neKCHtleCKHH H HyneBOf3 nOBTOpbI.
JIeKCHmeCKHI1 HOBTOP YKa3I BaeT Ha ceMaHTH'IeCKy1O H CTpyKTyp-
HYIO OAHOnnaHOBOCTb pennHK H TeM CaMbIM aenaeT 60nee o leBHJj-
HbIM 'npHCyTCTBHe B 'HHX HyneBOro noBTOpa.
1) - HaC BbICeJISIKIT.
- Hac oAHHX?
2) - TbI HH9er0 He 3a6b1n?
- HeT, MaMa, Ka)KeTCH, HH9erO...
(K. (D ea H H, T. 5, CTP. 138).
(143 parr. peqH).
279
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B. B3aHMo. eriCTByIOT C'MeIuaHHbIri H OTpiHIjaTeJlbHbIH nOBTO-
1) - HOTibIO TOJIbKO Ha KJIaA6HH(e 3BOH$ T... - rOBOpwr
AHAperl.
- A 3ageM TaM'3BOH$T?
(A. II. 4 e X 'O B, T. 4, CTp. 31).
2) -...A TbI CKOJIbKO Aaewb? TpH 4eT'BepTH? HOJIOBH'Hy?
- B TO}Ke BCe, Ka}KeTCST.
(B I-I a H o B a, T. 2, CT'p. 213).
B 1[efH penJI'HK CO CKBO'3HbIM nOBTOpOM B3aHM0AeriCTByK)T
p'a3JIHq'Hbie pa3HOBHj(HOCTH IIpOCTbIX H CKB03HbIX IIOBTOpOB.
CKBo3Hble Co6'CTBeHHO HOBTOpbI colieTalOTCSi TOJIbKO CO 'CKBO3HbIM
H'yJIeBbIM HOBTOpOM.
HainpHMep:
1) - BbI yMeeTe TaH1 eBaTb? - CnpOCHJIa KaTH.
-- HeT, He yMelo.
- A SI yMelO.
((D. M. ,10CTOe'BCKHrI, T. 2, cTp.. 143).
2) - rAe OTAbIxaJI?
- B AepeBHe, y poA'HTe.neH.
- B fopAeeBKe?
- J1a.
(143 pa3r. peqH).
B 3THX HpiMepax CHHTaKCHgeCKa 1 CBH3b penJIHK ocyaLeCT-
BJISie'TCSI CKB03HbIMiH IIOBTopa'M'H, B nepBOM HpHMepe - JieKCH'ie-
CKHM H IIyJIeBbIM, BO BTOPOM - CHHTaKCHqeCKHM napaJIJleJlH3MOM
H HyJIeBbIM 'no'BTOpOM.
B genes penJI'HK CO CKB03HbIM nOBTOpOM 06bIt1HO npH'CyTCT-
ByIOT H np'oCTbie noBTOpbI. B 3TOM CJlygae HPOCTble nOBTOpbI cuen-
JISIK}T CMe}KHble penJIHKH, a CKBO3HOII nOBTOp Bblpa}K'aeT CMbICJIO-
BOe H (popMaJIbHO-5I3bIKOBoe eAHHCTBO Merl ue!nH penJIHK.
Hp'HMe.pbi:
1) - I-1TO CJI'ylTHJIOCb?
- Mp}KHK yT0':HyJI.
- FAe?
- B np'yae?
- Kaxocl? Haui?
- HeT, npoxo)KHH.
(JI. H. ToJicToA, T. 3, cTp. 130).
B 3TOM npHMepe OTAeJIbHble CMe}KHble peIIJIHKH CBSI3bIBaIOTCSI
C fOMOIgblO npOCTbIX CTpyKTypHblX nOBTOpOB, a eaHHCTBO Bcero
AHaJlora C03Aa6T'CSI CKB03HbIM OTpHgaTeJlbHbIM fOBTOpOM.
2) - HocJlywaA'Te, KOHCTaHTHH .UMHTPH'M, - C'Ka3aJIa
.1apbH AJIeKcaH.i pOBHa... - 3a XITO BbI CepAHTeCb Ha
KBTH?
- SI? 51 He Cep)KyCb, - CKa3aJI JIeBHH.
- HeT, BbI cepAHTeCb. OTTierO BbI He 3aexaJiH HM K Ham,
HH 'K HHM, KOTAa 6bIJIH B MOCKBe?
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
-;japbsl AJIeKcaHJjp'OBHa, - CKa3aJI OH... - SI y,LHB-
JISIIOCb Jia}Ke, XITO BbI, C BalHeio ao6pOTOIAI, He 4yBCT-
ByeTe 3TOrO. KaK BaM npOCTO He }KaJIKO Me'HSI, Koraa
BbI 3HaieTe...
- 4TO Si Maio?
- 3HaeTe, TO SI aejiaji npeJjJIO)KeHHe H TO MHe OTKa3a-
UO, - HporoBOpHJI JIeBHH...
- HotieMy we IBM aymaeTe, 4TO SI Maio?
- IIOTOMy, YTO Bce 3T0 3Halor.
- BOT 'y3K B 3TOM BbI OwH6aeTecb; Si He 3HaJIa 3TOr0,
XOTSI H aoraablBaaacb.
- A! Hy TaK BbI Tenepb 3TO 3HaeTe.
- 51 3HaJla TOJIbKO TO, 'qTO 4TO-TO 6biJIO, TO ee y}KaCHO
MygaJIo, 'H ZITO OHa rlp icHJIa McHSI HHKOraa He roao-
pHTb o6 3TOM...
(A. H. T o Ji C T o 1, T..18, cTp. 284),
B 3TOM A,HaJIore aBa CKB03HbIX CMeLII HHbIX fOBTOpa > H KBbI 3HaeTe>> B3aHMOAeHCTBYIOT Me}Kuy co6ofl H C
npoCTbIMH nOBTOpaMIH, o6ecrle4HBaSl CMbICJIOBOe H CTp'yKTypHO-
rpaMMarH'4eCKOe eJIHHCTBO BceH uerni penJIHK.
KPaTKHe BMBOJ[bI
rIO'BTOpeHHe B 'IIoCJIegyion x penJINKaX CJIOBeCHbIX, cTpyK-
TypHbIX HJIH OaHOBpeMeHHO TeX H .pyrHX 3JIeMeHTOB npeJillleCT-
Byloujex, COOTHOCHMOIi C HH1MH no CMbICJIy peTIJIHK,H, SIBJISIeTC51
Cpe'JjCTBOM CHHTaKCH'4eCKOI I CBSI3H peHJIHK B J[HaJlore. IIOBTOp
o6ecne4HBaeT CHHTaKCH4eCKOe cuenJIeHHe penJIHK H Bblpa}KaeT
(popMaJIbHo-513bIKOBy1o 3aBHCHMOCTb noc.neliyionjerO BbICKa3bIBa-
HHSI OT npeaiueCTBy1OIuerb. B COBpeMCHHOM PYCCKOM SI3bIKe JjHa-
JIOrHLIeCKHI-I riOBTOp BbICTynaeT B BHae yCTOSIBHIeI-ICSI, IIIHpOKO
pa3BeTBJIeHHO1%I CH,CTeMbI CBOHX pa3HOBHAHOCTef, B3aHMoJ[eNCT-
ByK)njHX apyr C apyrOM npH Bblpa)KeHHH CHHTaKCi4meCKoIi CB513H
penLiHK. Kaxcua5 pa3HOBH1JjHOCTb nOBTOpa o61lauiaeT CBoefl co6-
CTBeHHOI-i CHeuM(IJHKOI1 KaK B OTHOIIIeHHH 5I3bIKOBOII npFlp0Jjbi HC-
IOJlb3yeMbIX B Hec cpeIjCTB, TaK H no BbIUOJIHHCMbIM B i na.IOre
CH,HTaKCH4eCKHM (IJyHKIjHSIM.
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 I 1 . 1.1..x.._._ ..._ .._ _. _~~_
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BECCOIO3HAA IIPH`IHHHA$I CBSI3b B COBPEMEHHOM
PYCCKOM JIHTEPATYPHOM SI3bIKE.
B HaCTO$Ill pa6oTe paccMaTpHBaloTCs 6ecCOIO3Hble cJto)K-
Hble KOH'CTpyKUHH HeO. HOpOAHOrO COCTaBa, BO BTOp0I3 gaCTH KOTO-
pbix cOAep'AMTCA acno'BaHHe, npHt4HHa TOPO, o tieM POBOP ITCH B
nep'BOii tiaCTH 6e000IO3HH, HJI'H }Ice aaeTCSI MOTHBHpoBKa oAHoro
HJIH rpyninbl gneHOB 'npeAJio}KeHHA nepBOI3 'YaCTH.
Bo M'HOFHX c iyqaix 6e000iO3Hble npHHHHHble npeAJiOxceHHA
CHHOH'HMHM,HbI CJIO}KH0IIOA't4HHeHHbIM IIpeJZJIO)KeHHAM C rIpHAaTORI-
HbIMH npHtJHHbI C C0103aMH , KTaK KaK> H Ap.
Pa3HH'a,a B KOHCTPYKI(HIH CJIO}KHOIIOAtIHHe'HHOro m 6ecc0l03HO-
TO np'H'tIHH'HbIX npeAjiO}KOHHI%I O'6yCJIoBJIH'BaeT pa3Hbie OTTeHKH B
HX 3HatieHHH, HX ;pa3JiH''IHyIO 3KcnpecCHBHOCTb.
B CJIO}KHOnOI[t1MHeHHOM npeAJIO}KeH'HH JIorHHecKaA CBA3b
Me}(Ay ero tiaCTAMH tIeTKO Bblpa)KeHa npH'4H'HHbIM COIO30M.
B 6ecco103HbJX CJIO)KHbIX npeJJIOxceHHAX InpHtIHHHoe 3Ha'tleHHe
HHorAa CO'3Meu aeTCA CO 3HatleHHeM IIeJIH, 3CJI'OBH51, CJIeACTBHA
H Ap. B TO }Ke BpeMA 6e000lO3Hble 'KOHCTPyKUHH JIaKOHHgHbI, TlpH-
AaioT petPH JTe'PKOCTb, }KII'BOCTb.
3THM 06'bNCH'HCTCA ynOTpe6neHIHe COIO3HbIX H 6e000JO3HbIX
KOHCTpYKUHH C npHTIHH'HbIM 3HatieHHeM B pa3HbIX CTHJIAX p'etIH.
CJIO)KHOnOA'gHHeHHble npHtIHHHbie npe1[JI0}KeHHA, KaK He AO-
nycKa1oiuHe B03MO}KH'OCTH HHorO TOJIKO'BaHHA, 'B HaygHOM, AeJIo-
BOM, CTHJIe JI'HTepaTypHoro A3bIKa npeunogHTaIO'TCA 6eCCOI03HbIM
np'H'tIHHHbIM npeAJio}KeHHAM, XOTA ApyrHe THUbI 6e4CO1O3HA (npe-
HMy11ecTBeHHQ 6e0001O3Hbie npeAJIO}KeHHSI OAHOPOAHOrO COCTaBa)
ynOTpe6JIHIOTCA B AeJIOBOI3, HaytIHOH petlH A'OBOJIbHO gaCTO.
BeCCOlo3Hble npHtIHHHble npeAJlo}KeHHA - xapaKTepHaA oc0-
6eHH0CTb pa3rOB'OpHOfi pegi, OHH IUHPOKO pacnpO'CTpaHeHbl B 5i3bi-
Ke XyAO)KeCTBeHHOFi JIHTepaTypbl, 'KaK B petlH nepCOHa}Keli, TaK H
B aBTOPCKOii.
? I. BeCCOI03Hbbe npeJ1SJ10}KeHHA, BTOpaA 4aCTb KOTOpbIX SIBJIS1eTCH
npH9HHOFi, 06OCHOBaHHeM COAepwaHHA nepsofk tlaCTH.
B CJIO}KIIOHOAM*He'HHOM npeLLJIO}KeHHH CO103 ACHO yKa3bltBaeT
Ha npHIIHHHOe 3HatleHHe~ npRaaTOtIHOro 'npeajio}KeHHA. BeCCOI03-
H'oe CJI'O}KHoe npeLJ1OxceHHe He HMeeT TaKoro ApKoro I1IopMaJib-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Horo BbIpa3HTeJI31 3a?BHCHMocTH ero LIaCTeIi. B yCTHOii peqH
B O(copiMJIeH'HH 6eCC'OI03HOP0 npeAJIO)KeHHA 60JIblJyIO POJIb HrpaeT
HHTOHa1HA. rIHCbMeHHaA peYb JIHIneHa HHTOHauHH, 3HaK'H npenH-
HaHHH 'nepeA'aIOT ee HeTO'YHo, a nOpoIO COBCeM Ha Hee He yKa3bl-
BaIOT. Ho H B yCTHOIi pe'IH OAHa HHTOHaIIHH, 6e3 y'1aCTHSI rpaM-
MaTHgeCKHiX 'H JIeKCH21ecKHX CpeACTB He MO}KeT 6bITb BbLpa3HTejieM
OTHoili HI3 Me)KAy tIaCTSIMH CJIO}KHOro npeAJio}KeHHA, paBHoueH-
HbIM C0103y. 3TH OTHO3HeHHA B 6e000103HOM npej[JIO}KeHHH nepe-
AaioTCA, KpOMe HHTO'HaL[HH, neKCHggecKHM coaep}KaHHeM ero qa-
CTeH, HX J1orHgecxo COOTHOCHTCJIbHOCTbK), CTpyKTypOii npexio-
}KeHHA.
BecCOl03Hble npHLIHHHb1e npe1(JIo)KeHHSI AsyCOCTaBHbl. Ilep-
BaA, noACHAeMaA, gaCTb HX 6oJiee caMOCTOATejIbHa, OHa HB-
JISIeTCSI OHOPHbIM MOMeHTOM 1 Bcero npeAJlo iceHHA, noCTpoeHa
60Jiee CBo60AHO, xieM BTOpaSi, rOACHAIOu aA ee, liacTb.
BTOpaA, npH'YHHHag LIaCTb COAep}KHT pAA CTPyKTypHbIX 3JIe-
Me'HTOB, yKa'3bI'BaiOIUHX Ha np:INH,HHble OTHOnICH'HA Me}KA'y gaCTSI-
MH 6ecco1o3H3l: B Hell MOT 6bITb CJIOBa, COOTHOCHTeJIbHble Co
CJIOBaMH nepsoI3 4aCTH, a TaK)Ke apyrHe JIeKCH4ecKHe 3JIeMeHTbI,
BH'OCSIH.[He ROrOJIHHTeJlbHbie OTTeHKH 3HageHHA.
OCHOBHaA q)YHKI(IHH 6ecOOI03Horo npH'HHHHoro npeAJiO}KeHHH
TaK )Ke, KaK H npHAaTOTIHOTO npHT4HHbI, - 6bITb O'CHOBaHHeM, npH-
'IHHO1i coAep}KaHHH nepsoli gaCTH KOHCTpyKIjHH; 6oJIee y3Kasi,
gaCTHaSi (pyHKuHA - MOTH'BHpOBaTb OTAeJIbHoe CJIOBO, rpynny
gIJIeHOB npe,,aao)KeHHA nep?BOH 4a'CTH.
CaMb1e npOCTble H HaH'60JIee pacnpocTp'aHeHHble 6eCCoI03Hble
npeA.no)KeHlHSI CO 3HageHHeM npHII,HHbI Te, nepBas H BTOpa i
-qaCTH KOTOpbIX no 4)opMe SIBJISIIOTCH npOCTbIMIH TIpeAJfo}KeH'HAMH.
HanpHMep:
(P a H M 0 H A) - ,1a.lbure yqHTbCH He Mor - y HaC He 6blJ1O
AeHer.
-(H. A. 0CTpoBCKHA, PolcAeHHbie 6ypeli)
B XyAo}KeCTBeHHOH JIHTepaType 1IIHPOKO pacnpoCTpa'HeHbI H
TaKHe 6ecooi03Hbie CJIO}KHble npeAJloxceHHS C npHtIHHHbIM 3Ha4e-
HIHeM, gaCTH KOTOpbIX - CJIO}KHble npe.IJ10}KeHH3q. HHOrAa xce 6eC-
COIO3Hoe CJI'Q}K'Hoe npelAJio}KeHHe CaMO BXOA'HT B COCTaB CJIO}KHO}I
CHHTaKCH'geCKOH KOHCTPYKIUH'H.
ECJIH nepBaSI lIaCTb 6eCCOI03HO33 npHqHHHOIi KOHCTPYKILHH -
CJI'O)KHOe npeIJIO}KeHHe, npHTIHHHag tiaCTb no-pa3HOM'y MO}KeT
CoOTHOCHTbCA c ee COCTaBOM. OHa MO}KeT TIOMCHHTb a) BCIO nep-
BYIO gaCTb, 51'BJIAK)Hjy1OCA HO CTflyKType CJIO)KHbIM npeAno Ke-
HHeM; 6) OAHO HJIH ;HeCKOJIbK'O npeAJIO}KeH'HH, BXOAA111HX B COCTBB
nep'BOIi 9aCTH. .
I CM. H. C. II o c n en 0 B, 0 rpaMMaTH9eCKOR npnpoae H npnnganax
KaaccHCIHKaUHH 6eccolo3HbIx npeanoaceHHA, C6. Bonpocbl CHHTaKCHca coBpe-
McRHOrO pYCCKOrO A3bIKa, M., 1950, cTp. 348.
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 I I 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
a) ICJIO}KHacI 'nepBac LiacTb, nocicHceMac B ueJIOM 6ecc0103-
HbIM nprHh4HHHbIM npejJIo}KeHHeM, npe$CTaBJIeHa BCe'MH THHaMiI
CJIO)KHOro npe.LLJIO}KeHHSI, H'anpHMep:
I-IJIbIJia MbICJIb: (XOpOliO, 4TO ee (MaTepH) HeT, m e H b HI e
r op 51o.
(H. A. 0CTpoBCKHII, KaK 3aKaJIciJIacb C'T'aJlb).
flepBaci LIaCTb 6e000I03HH SIBJIS[e'TCa
CJIO}KHOnojl'4HHeHHbIM npeeJ10}KeH'HeM.
HO B 3TOM HeTepneHHH, B 3TOI3 cepAHT0I3 LZeJIOBIHTO'CTH
6bIJIa BHJI,Ha Ta Kpyrosac nopyKa, TO 4yBCTBO BHyTpeHHefi
CB513H, KOTOpOe 6bIJI'O xapaKTepHO jaJT5i napTIIIIHbIX co6paHHH
B rOJ bI BOI-IHbI. HeB03MO}KHO 6b1J1o rOBOpHTb 0 HeM - H HHK-
TO He rOBOpHJI, 3T0 npOU36eJlo bbl neJlo8Koe u cTpannoe ene-
uaTRenue.
(K a B e p H H, flO'HCKH H Ha .e}KJ[bI).
flep,Baci 4a'CTb 6e'ccoIo3Ha5I KeHHH
BCe CB5T3aHbI apyr C RPyrOM noCJIe onaTeJIbHO npHTIHHHbIMH 'OTHO-
uIeHHHMH.
HanpHMep:
A no (opoee - 6epCT 06a(l4aTb oT'?exaJlu - Cron, 3a-
eOpeJlUCb OCU Ha BarOHax, - HeT CMa3KH, MaUIHHHOI'O Macaa:
HeMl4bt yee3Jlu. (A. H. T o JI C T O H, BOCeMHaJjuaTbIH rOJL) .
I.I.IUpOKO paCnpOCTPaHeHbl COT4HHHTeJIbHble KOHCTpYKUHU, 0,1-
Ha H3 TIaCTefl KOTOpbIX HBJIHeTCH 6e000103HbIM CJIO}KHbIM npeJjJlo-
}KeHHeM C nPHTIHHHbIM 3Ha4IeHHeM.
HanpHMep:
TelIepb, o}KHBJIHH npoluJloe, H cam nOpo10 C TpyaOM Be-
PIO, IITO BCC 6bIJIO HMeHHO Talc, KaK 6bIJIO, H MHOTOe XO'ICT-
CH odnopHTb, OTBeprHyTb, - CJIUUIKOM 06UJlblla 9tceCTOKO-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CTb/O TeMkasi VCU3Flb KFIeyA ioeo nAeete>tu>. (A. M. r o p b-
K H ti, ,L[eTCTBO, 2).
CTapble 3aKa3qHKH CIOAa He nONAyT -, I[ a ji e K O, a HOBbWX
He CK'Op'O Haflaetub. (H. A. 0 C T P ,O B'C K H K, Po I eH'Hbie
6ypeli).
KOHCTpyKUHH, IB KOTOpbIX 46eccOI03Hasl npHgHHHaSI CBH3b co1 e-
TaeTCSI C COI03HbIM nOAtIHHeH'HeM HJIH 'COqHHeHHeM, KaK OiieHb
yCJI'o}KHeHHble, HCrIOJIb3ylOTC5I npeHMyu eCTBeHHO B aBTOpCK01'I pe-
qH. 3,aeCb '6eccolo3He nOpoio BbI3bIBaeTCH )Ke. aHHeM H'366e)K'aTh
Harp'OMO}K1AeHHII 'CO103,OB..
? 2. Beccoio3Hbie npeAJ1o KeHHs, BTOpa$ *IaCTb KOTOpbIX SIBJIACTCU
npHVHHOii, MOTHBHPOBKOIi OAHOPO CJloBa HJIH rpynnbJ 9JIeHOB
npeAJ1o)KeHH5I nepBOli 9aCTH
a) HaH6oJlee pacnpocTpaHeHHbIMH B AaHHOIi noArpynne 6eC-
CO103HbIX I11TH4H'HHbIX npeAJIo)KefHH SI'BJI'HIOTCSI KOHCTpyKLtHH, B KO-
TOpbIX 'np'HYHHHO f05ICHSIeTCH OAHO H3 CkAHOpOAHbIX CKa3yeMbIX
nep,BOli ga,CTH.
HanpHMep:
BJIaaHcJlaB Ha Mar oTOponeji. 3aTeM c 6etueaCTBOM
B3MaXHyJI CT3'KOM, HO He yAapHJI: tsyTbex yeadail, TO 3a
ydap 3TOT napenb cnocooen paCKpOUTb eMy 0O AO8y TonopOfti.
(H. A. O C T p o'B C K H H, PwKaeHHble 6ypeli, q. 1, rJt. 2).
Bo 'BCeX nOAG6HbIX KO'HCTpy'KL[HSIX Ha OTHOJIeHHe npHgHHIfOrl
6e000xO3HOIi YacTH JI'HLIIb 'K OAHOMY H3 OAHOpO' HbIX CKa3yeMbIX
yKa3bIBaeT JIeKCHgeCKoe 3HagieHHe 3TOrO CKa3yeMoro H cuep3Ka-
HHe 6eCCO103H0rO npR'IHHHOTO npeAJIo>KeHHSI, a Tax}Ke nOCTaHOB-
Ka InoCJIeaHero HenocpeaCTBeHHO 3a H-OSICHSIeMbIM CKa3yeMbIM
(HJI'H'rpynnOli CKa3yeMoro).
B psiAe CJIyxiaeB 6eccol03Hoe npHgiHHHoe npe.JIo KeHHe HMeeT
XapaKTep BCTaBOtIHoro npeAJIO}KeHHSI, KorAa nOSICHSIeT nepBoe H3
OAHOpOAHbIX CKa3yeMbIX' H OKa3bIBaeTCH, TaKHM o6pa3oM, B cepe.
,HHe nepBOIi 1IaCTH.
HanpHMep:
Zama He BHAeaa ee (KaTH) Juba, - ono 8Ce 6b1Jlo 8 TeHu,-
HO 'IyBCTBoBaJIa, TO cxa3aJla eft 'ITO-TO yxtacxoe.
(A., H. T o JI C T O H, CeCTpbI).
R ceJI, Heoxora Aeclca nodiupaTb, IOTOM 'BCTaJI. (M. A. 111 o-
JI O X O B, CyAb6a 'IeJIOBeKa).
TaKOK BCTaBO'IHbII1 XapaKTep 6e000JO3HOe riPH'IHHHOe npeA-
.no KeHHe nojly'IaeT BO BCeX Tex cJlyiiasix, KorAa OHO, CJIeAy$I 3a
MOTHBHpyeMbIM HM 'JIeHOM npe.JIO1KeHHSI, CTOSIIIIHM B Ha'aJle
HJIH B cepeAHHe nepBOI%I LiaCTH KOHCTPYKUHH, OKa3bIBaeTC5I BKJIIO-
'IeHHbIM B TKaHb Apyroro npeAJIo)KeHHSI.
6) Beccol03Hoe npeAJlox{eHHe M0 Ker MOTHBHpOBaTb noaJle-
)KaIIjee nepBOii gaCTH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HanpHMep:
(POIjHH) -...TOJIbKO MbICJIb 0 Te6e, He JII06OBb, HeT, -
Jlro6uTb yice xekew 6biAo, - Ho Hanpfl}KeHHasI MbICJIb O Te6e,
KaK o TOM, Nero HeJIb3R pa3opBaTb, OT6pOCHTb, 3a6bITb,
HeJIb3R npoAaTb,- TOJIbKO 3TO CBH3bIBaJIo McHR. (A. H. T o Ji-
CTTO rI, XMypoe yTpo, XX).
BOT Ha Iin ore y McH$I 6bIJi ,gpyr, Aaxce 6paT: Mbt no6paTa-
llucb, u R xanucaz eeo Marepu, +tTo6bl oHa MetiR ckurana 3a
cbttla. (K a B e p H H, IOHCKH H Haae}KJjbI).
Ha OTHOIHeHHe 6eccolo3HOro npH4HHHOro npeAJio)KeHHR IC
noj(JIeMcaIueMy nepBOl3 4aCTH npeM> - . )
B) BecCOI03Hoe npHtHHHOe npeAJIO>KeHMe MOTHBHpyeT AOIIO.R-
HeHHe nepBOrl 4aCTH. BeCCOlo3Hoe npHgHHHoe npeAJ10MKAeHHHx CJIyMKeHO OTHOIIICHHe npx4HHHoro 6e000IO3-
Hbro npeAJ10}KeHHR K OTpxuaeMoMy AOnOJIHeHH}o.
HanpHMep:
- B 3TOM MOM MKeHHe MOMKH 6bIJIa Ha KaMHRx 6epera, no-
JIOBHHa -,B BOAe, H HOA Helo, Y KOpMbI, 3auenHBIUHCb 3a
H3JIOMaHHble nOJIOCTH pyjiR, pacnjlaCTajIocb, BHH3 JIHuOM,
AJIHHHOe TeJIO 143OTa c pa36HTbIM, HYCTbIM 4epenoM, - coda
BbtMbLJla M03e, U3 Hew. (A. M. F O p b K H I$, MOH yHHBepcH-
TeTbI).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO59800130001-4
Fopa3Ao Aptle MOTHBHpOBKa o6oco6JleHHorO onpeueJleHHs,
T. K. B 3TOM CJlygae npH'IHHHoe npeAJ1o}KeHHe CTOHT xenocpeACT-
BeHHO 3a MOTHBHpyeMblM CJIOBOM.
HanpHMep:
SI }KHJIa B Ka6HHeTe AHApex, nowTH nycTOM; eo(ia
nomeluaJla Harr KynuTb hle6eilb aJIR KOBOII KBapTUpbl.
(K a B e p H H, floHOKH H Haae}KAbI, Dn'HJIOr).
flpHtIHHHoe npeAJIO}KeHHe MOTHBHpyeT H OnpeaeJIeHHe-npH-
4aCTHbIc O6opOT.
HanpHMep:
THXOH BSIJIOB CKa3au1 tlTO-TO HesCHoe.
- Llero? - cnpocHJI HHKHTa, HeCKOJIbKO HCnyraHHbIN, - OK
eceada orcaaii OT 3TOOO keJlo8eka oco6eKKbtX cJtoe, pa3apa-
calouyux ayucy. (A. M. r O p b K H 9, aejIo ApTaMOHOBbIX, 1).
flpn Bxoue B McCTetIKO OH (ByHUyK) eABa He HaTKHyJICH Ha
naTpyJlbHbIX H Tenepb wen C BOJI'IbeIl TOpOHKOCTbIO, npH}KH-
MaSICb K 3a6opaM, He BbIHHMaH npaBOA PYKH H3 KapMaHa
HeBeponTHO H3Ma3,aHHON IIIHHeTIH: aeFb ReyCaJI, 3apbtBUIUCb
8 cTOa0Jle 8 MIRKUKg. (M. A. III 0 JI o x 0 B, THXHH UOH, KH. 2,
tr. 4, II).
j) 6eccoi03Hble npH1IHHHble npemJIO}KeHHR MOTHBHpyIOT pa3-
JJHtlHble O6CTORTeJIbCTBa nepBoH t1aCTH KOHCTpYKUHH, KOTOpble
MOryT 6bITb BbIpa}KeHbI HapetlHeM, HMeHeM CyLueCTBHTeJlbHbIM,
JJeenpHtlaCTHeM. Han6OJIee tgaCTO MOTHBHpyIOTCSI O6CTOSITeJIbCTBa-
HapetIHR.
CaMOH pacnpOCTpaHeHHOI3 rpynnoi MOTHBHpyeMblx O6CTO5I-
TeJIbCTB RBJIRIOTCH O6CTOSITeJIbCTBa o6pa3a aeIICTBHA. Ha OTHOHIe-
HHe 6eCCOIO3HOI'O npHgHHHorO npeAJIO}KeHHH K O6CTORTeJIbCTBy
yKa3blBaeT, ruuaBHbIM O6pa3OM, JIeKCHtleCKoe coAep}KaHHe npHtIHH-
HOrO npeAJIO}KeHHA.
HanpHMep:
,Ualua MoJI9a eula, - nocne aopoaa oKa ycTaeaila
cTpaluKO. (A. H. T o JI C T O 13, CeCTpbl, XXI I I) .
BOJiee 'IeTKO MOTHBHpOBKa O6cTOATeJlbCTBa BblpaacaeTCR npH
yCJIOBHH, Koraa 6eccolo3HOe npHgHHHoe npeAJloxceHHe CTOHT He-
nocpeACTBeHHO 3a MOTHBHpyeMblM CJIOBOM.
HanpHMep:
3aBeTHble aPOBa y> e 6JIH3KH. HO K HHM npOABHraJIHCb
TOMHTejlbHO McAaeHHO: KaOICabta aeKb TU4 eblpblcaJz aecRTKu
nyOICKbIX pyK. (H. A. 0 C T P 0 B C K H H. KaK 3aKaJIHJIBCb
OTaJIb, A. 2, ru. 11).
0co6eHHO RPKO BbILLeJIHeTC} MOTHBHpyeMoe o6cT05ITeJIbCTBO,
eCJIH OHO OAHO H3 OAHOpOAHbIX, npOTHBonOCTaBJIeHHoe ApyroMy
HJIH O6oco6 aeHHoe.
HanpHMep:
EMy (AoKJIaAAHKy) noXJlOnaJlH, HO BslJlo, - ae..a o60-
patiueanucb TaK, kTO He 3axJtonaelub. (A. H. T o JI C T 0 SI,
BoceMHauuaTbIK roa, VIII).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
MOTHBHpOBKa 6e000I03HbIM npH4HHHbIM npeAJIO}KeHHeM o6-
CT0HTeJIbCTB BpeMeHH:
HO KorAa CHOBa AOIIIJIa o epeub Ao McHSI, 51 nOCTaBHJI
TPH>KAbl H npoxrpaJI BCe JjeHbrH, KaK pa3 BOBpeMA: 06eZkH5I
KoNkunacb, 360HUAU KOAOKOAa, xapoc9 ebtXO dUA U3 l4epKBU.
(A. M. FopbKHH, B JiloAAx, IV).
MOTHBHpOBKa O6CTO5ITeJIbCTBa McCTa fo.LL'IepKHBaeTCA COOT-
HOIUeHHeM ero c 4JIeHaMH npeJLJlo)KeHHH npHLIHHH0I3 4aCTH: HOBTO-
peHHeM BTOI'O CJIOBa, 3aMeHOH KOHKpeTHorO Hape4HA McCTOHMeH-
HbIM Hape4HeM, cylueCTBHTeJIbHoro - McCTOHMeHHeM HJIH Hape-
4HeM, HaJIHMHeM OAHOKOpeHHOrO CJIOBa.
IIpHMepbI:
(Ea6yHIKa) - MHe cBepxy HaAo roBOpHTb, - beepxy-To
Ayuule! (A. M. t o p b K H x, UeTCTBO, VIII) .
OH (XoxoJi) 6pocHJIc5I B ceHH, a A 3a HHM H - Ha 9ep)(iaK,
TaM y McHA Ae'Icailo AMOCO Ktcua. (A. M. r O p b K H H, MOH
ynxsepcHTeTbl).
(IlonoB) - ...,L1o6p0BOJIbgecKOH apMHH 6bIJIO 6bI 611aropa-
3yMHeF( HJ(TH He Ha Ky6aHb, - nacTpoe lull Ky6aHCKO20.Ka-
3aKCCTea 6ceAAIOT B MCnz ne/aAbte Tpe8oeu, - a BMeCTe
C AOHCKHM OTPAAOM B 3aaOHCKHe CTenH. (M. A. 1110 JI O X 0 B,
THXHH aOH, KH. 2, 4. XVIII).
MOTHBHpOBKa 06CTOATeJIbCTBa npHLIHHbI:
BOnHJIH B J(epeBHe OXOTHO, nO BCAKOMY nOBOAy H 6e3
noBOAa, no HaCTpoeHHIO: y 6a6 MFloao 6blAo npuuu,l eono-
CUTb u nAaKaTb. ((D. B. 1'JIaaKOB, IloBecTb 0 AeTCTBe, 2).
Beccol03Hoe npHMHHHoe npeAJIO}KeHHe MO)KeT paCKpbIBaTb
co,aep}KaHHe O6CTO5ITeJIbCTBa, Bblpa}KeHHoro McCTOHMeHHbIM Ha-
pe4HeM >, < IOTOMy)}.
HanpHMep:
aalua Bcerga 6bIJIa paccesIHa K BenjaM, HO 9TH ABe
(fap()opoable 6e3,LIeJIyInKH, xopolnenbKaH KOIHe4Ka H CnH-
IuaH co6a4Ra c 6oJIblUHMH yluaMH, noqeMy-To eH 04e1(b
HpaBHJIHcb: 6yOTO oIu caMu npuuwJlu K Flea, tITO6bl yCTPOUTb
OAR flaulu 8 aroa 60Abuloa, crpaulkoa, pa3opekko9 aICU3HU,
fad KoTopoa FLecAUCb 2po3oeble Tyku u(Oea u crpacTea, Ma-
AeFIbKUa MupOK HC8UHKblx yJlbt60K. (A. H. T o JI C T 0 H,
XMypoe yTpo, X).
ECJIH COJIHIje 3aKaTHJIOCb, BCeM H3BeCTHO noueMy:
BFIOBb 3eMAR no80pOTUAaCb OKeaKaMu K neiy, BaoBb pac-
ceeT Kad ocTpoeaMu, HaC7 npoAueaMu luaenyA. (C. IJ,una-
4eB, IIO 3errie HAeT paccBeT...).
BOT H HO}KHK nOTOMy uejmbIH OCTaJICA --? Ha no3zce 6b1A.
(A. C. H e B e p o B, TammKeHT - ropoj( xne6HbIH, 19).
ropa3Ao peace 6eccolo3Hoe npHMHHHoe npeAJlo}KeHHe nonc-
HAeT O6CTOHTeJIbCTBO, Bblpa)KCHHoe AeenpH4acTHbIM 06OpOTOM.
HanpHMep:
19-328 289
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
POIuHH TOPonJIHBO CTaJI OTbICKHBaTb 6HJIeT, Ha MHHyTyy
OnHTb noxoJioueB, - a eapy2 oK eao 6b16pocuA? (A. H. T o JI-
C T 0 f1, XMypoe yTpo, XI).
Bo Bcex KOHCTpyKUHHx, rAe 6e0001O3HOe npHgHHHOe npe,irJlo-
)KeHHe MoTHBylpyeT OAHH H3 TIJIeHOB npeAJIOMKeHHH HJIH rpyriny HX,
Ha CBH3b Me)KAy MOTHBHpyeMbIM CJIOBOM H 6e000I03HbIM npHgHH-
HbIM npeAJIOMKeHHeM yKa3bIBalOT, rJIaBHbIM 06pa3OM, HX CMbICJIO-
Boe COOTHOIIIeHHe, HeB03MO)KHOCTb COnOCTaBJIeHHH nPHqHHHOrO
npej ioweHHSI C ApyrHMH CJIOBaMH nepBOH 1IaCTH HJIH CO BCeM ee
COAePMKaHHeM B ueJIOM; o6 3TOM we rOBOpHT COOTHOCHTejlbHOCT'
MOTHBHpyeMOro CJIOBa C OAHHM H3 qJIeHOB HpeAJIOMKeHHH npHLIHH-
HOfi 'IaCTH.
COOTHeCeHHOCTb 6ecCoI03Horo npHqHHHOro npeAJIOMKeHHH C
OTAe.nbHbIM CJIOBOM nepBoi3 qaCTH KOHCTpyKUHH HaH6oJlee SIPKO
npeACTaBJISIeTCSI B Tex CJiyLIa1X, KorAa nPHiIHHHO MOTHBHpyeTCSI
OAHH H3 OAHOPOAHbIX iIJIeHOB npeAJIo)KeHHH, 0006eHHO - npOTH-
BOHOCTaBJISIeMbIH HJIH o6oco6JIeHHbIH 4JIeH npeAJ1OMKeHHH, 4JIeHb1
npeAJIOMKeHHH, COnPOBOMKAa1OIuHeCH LIaCTHuaMH HJIH BBOAHbIMH
CJIOBaMH.
CTPYKTYPHO Ha OTHOIneHHe nplj4HHHOI'O nPeAJ10MKeHH5T K OA-
HOMY CJIOBy nepBOfl LIaCTH yKa3bIBaeT CJIeAOBaHHe ero 06bI'IHO
(HO He Bceraa) HenocpeACTBeHHO 3a 3THM CJIOBOM.
? 3. lOpsAOK pacnOJIOMKeHHH 9acTeii B 6ecCO1o3HOM npHqNHHOM
npeAJIO)KeHHH.
OAHHM H3 BbIpa3HTeJIef4 npHLIHHHbIX OTHOu1eHHf1 B 6eccol03-
HOM npeAJIOMKeHHH, OAHOH H3 06H3aTeJIbHbIIX CTpyKTYpHbIX OCO-
6eHHOCTefi ero, B OTJIHLIHe OT CJIO}KHonoAHHBeHHoro npeAJI03KeHHH,
5IBJIHeTC51 CTporHfi nOpHAOK CJIeAOBaHHH LIaCTef1. B 6e000IO3HOM
npHiIHHHOM npeAJIOMKeHHH npHLIHHa, OCHOBaHHe, MOTHBHPOBKa CO-
AepMKHTCH BcerAa BO BTOpOI3 maCTH KOHCTpyKUHH. B 6e000I03HOM
npe.JloaceHHH C npHLIHHHO-CJIeACTBeHHbIMH OTHOIIIeHHHMH KOM-
nOHeHTOB HeJIb3H nepeCTaBHTb HX 6e3 Toro, 'ITO6bI He H3MeHHJICH
XapaKTep H 3HatieHHe 3THX OTHoiueHHfi. B 6oJIblIHHCTBe cjiyuaeB
npH nepecTaHOBKe gaCTefi 6eccOI03HOro npHLIHHHOro npeAJIOMKeHHH
COXpaHHIOTCH npHLIHHHO-CJIeACTBeHHble OTHOuieHHH, HO npeAJIOMKe-
HHe nOJiyuaeT 3HaT.IeHHe CJIeACTBHH, HanpHMep: tf,UaJIbuie yLIHTbCH
He or - y HaC He 6bIJI0 AeHer> - 6eccOI03Hoe npH'IHHHOe npeA-
JIOMKeHHe, TaK KaK npHgHHa 3aKJIIOMeHa BO BTOPOfI qaCTH KOHCT-
pyKUHH; >.
(A. M. IF 0 p b K H Ii, B JIIOj[AX, XVIII) - B 3TOM npeAJlo)KeHHH
nepeCTaBHTb tiaCTH HeJIb35I.
KOHCTpyKILHH, B KOTOpbIX npHIIHHHOe IIpeaao.,KeHHe OTHOCHT-
CA K OAHOMy H3 OAHOpOAHbIX CKa3yeMbIX, K Heo6oco6JIeHHbIM onpe-
AeJIeHHIO H 06CTOATeJIbCTBy HHorAa aOnyCKaIOT nepeCTaHOBKy Iia-
CTeIi C H'3Me'HeHHeM HpH'I'HHHOrO 3HatiCHHA Ha 3'HageHHe CJIeACTBHA.
KOHCTPYKIIHH, BO BTOPOIi, npHIIHHHOH qaCTH KOTOpbIX HMeIOT-
CH McCTOHMeHHble CJIOBa CO 3HaqeHHeM BbICIIIeH CTe'neHH npOAB-
JIeHHA KaneCTBa, AeiiCTBHA HJIH COCTOAHHA (KTaKO, ,
.
HanpHMep:
(Ba6ymxa) - A au y Hac - BOBCe C yMa CXOAHT, TaK Ka-
AeH CTaJI - .JIR(9eTb TowHOI (A. M. FO p b K H Ii, B JIK)-
AAx, I).
B YCJIO}KHeHHbIX KOHCTPYKILHHX 6e000103HaH npHtIHHHa5
IIaCTb, 3aHHMaM BTOpoe McCTO HO OTHOIneHH1O K MOTHBHipyeMoli tia-
CTH, MO}KeT CTOHTb B cepeAHHe CJIO}KHOIi KOHCTPYKIIHH. 3TO MO}KeT
6bITb, Koraa 6eccOIO3Hoe npHIIHHHOe npe1 JIO}KeHHe ABJIAeTCA nep-
BOFI gaCTbiO CJIO}KHOCOtIHHeHHOIi KOHCTpYKUHH HJIH KorAa 6ecCOI03-
HaA npHIIHHHaH IIaCTb o60CHOBbIBaeT OAHY H3 IIaCTeIi CJIO}KHOnO1-
IIHHeHHOrO npe,LLJIO}KeHHA, CTOAIILYIO B Ha'IaJIe KOHCTPYKILHH.
? 4. COOT'HOIIIeMe HaKJIOHeHHIi H BpeMeH CKa3yeMbIX IIacTe1i
6e000 O3HOro CJIO)KHOrO npeAJIO}KeHHA CO 3HaqeHHeM IIpH4HHb1
OZLHHM H3 Ba}KHeI3IUHX nOKa3aTeJIeIi 3aBHCHMOCTH IIa'CTeIi 6ec-
CO1O3HOPO CJIO)KHOrO npeJJIO}KeHHA ABJI51IOTC51 OnpeAeJieHHble
COOTHOnieHHA I)OPM CKa3yeMbIX ero KOMnOHeHTOB. B 6e000I03HBIX
npHIIHHHbIX npeAJIO}KeHHAX rJiasxyto poJIb HrpaeT COOTHOIIIeHHe
HaKJIOHeHHIi CKa3yeMbIX.
19* 291
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Beccol03Hbie npH4HHHbie npe'JLJIO}KeHHSI, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
HaKJIOHeHHA CKa3yeMoro nepBOFi 4aCTH, n0Apa3AeTIHFOTC3I Ha TPH
rpynnbI:
1. CO6CTBeHHO-H3'b5CHHTeJIbHbie n'pe,IIJIO}KeHHSI,
2. HOBeJIHTeJIbHO-H3 bHCHHTeJibHbie npeAJio}KeHHs,
3. }KenaTe.lbHO-H3'biCHHTeJIbHbie npe.JIO}KeHHH.
KpoMe TOGO BbIAeJISIeTCH 4eTBepTa$l, oco6asl rpynna: npeAJio-
)KeHHH C KOCBeHHbIM o60CHOBaHHeM 1.
1. BOJIbffiHHCTBO 6e000I03HbIX 11PH4HHHbIX npe)JIo)KeHHH B
coBp.eMeHHOM PYCCKOM JIHTepaTyPHOM A3bIKe OTHOCHTCA K rpynne
Co6CTBeHHO-H3'bs1CHHTeJIbHbIX (870/o 6ec'col03HbIX npH4HHHbIX
npexIO}KeHHI3 HCCJIeIOBaHHOro MaTepHaJla).
C06CTBeHHO-H3'bICHHTeJIbHbie npeAJIO}KeHHSI B nepB0 4acTH
coj e'pxcaT yTBep}KIIeHHe HJIH OTPHgaHHe KaKoro-JIH6o SIBJIeHHA,
AeIICTBHA, BO BTPPOff - npH4HHy, o60CHOBaHHe 3TOr0 yTBepxcae-
HHI HJIH OTPHIjaHHA. OHH JierKO aony,CKalOT BCTa'BKy nPH4HHHOrO
C0103 a.
CKa3yeMoe nepBOH 4aCTH CO6CTBeHHO-H3'bSCHHTeJIbHbIX npeA-
JIO}KeHHFi CTOHT B H3b5lBHTeJIbHOM HaKJIOHeHHH. OHO MO}KeT 6bITb
KaK fPOCTbIM rJIarOJIbHbIM, TaK H COCTaBHbIM rJIarOJIbHbIM H HMeH-
HbIM. rlepBa i 4aCTb TaKoro 6ecCO103HOro npe,IIJIo KeHHI MO}KeT
npeACTaBJIATb J110609 THn npOCTOro npel(JIO}KeHHI KaK J[BY000TaB-
HOrO,TaK H OAHOCOCTaBHOro.
BO BTOpOH, HPH4HHHOH 4aCTH co6CTBeHHO-H3'bSICHHTeJIbHbIX
npeAJioxceHHri B 60JIbUIHHCTBe cJiy4aeB CKa3yeMoe HMeeT TaKxce
cpOpMy H3bA'BHTeJIbHOrO HaKJIOHeHHH. 3Ta 4aCTb MO}KeT 6bITb
H OCTOH H CJIO}KHOii no CocTaBy. rlpH4HHHoe npemJio)KeHHe Mo>KeT
6bITb no cope npOCTbIM npeAJio}KeHHeM JIi06oro THna; CKa3ye-
Moe erO TaKxce MO}KeT 6bI'Tb KaK npOCTbIM, TaK 'H COCTaBHbIM,
HMeHHbIM H rJIarOJIbHbIM.
BO BTOPOH 4aCTH C066CTBeHHO-H3'bSCHHTeJIbHbIX npeAJio)Ke-
HHI1 CKa3yeMoe MO}KeT 6bITb H B COCJIaraTeJIbHOM HaKJIOHeHHH.
ECJIH xce CKa3yeMoe BTOpOFi qaCTH nOA06HbIX KOHCTpyKIIHI3 B no-
BeJIHTeJIbHOM HaKJI'OHeHHH, TO HPH4HHH0e 3Ha4eHHe B HHX BcerAa
COBMemaeTCA C KaK'HM-JIH6o ApyrHM, 4an[e c I[eJIeBbIM.
I ABe nepable rpynnbI H 9eTBepTaH BbiaeneHbl B rpaMMaTHKe pyccxoro
513b1Ka AH CCCP, T. 2, 4. 2, ? 1600-1603, cTp. 395-397; B pa6oTe H. C. rI o c-
n e n 0 B a noAnepKHBaeT npoTHBHTeJIbHO-pa3AeJIH-
-reJlbHbli xapaKTep npHilHHHoro npeAJlo}KeHHH.
HanpHMep:
KOpMHJIH McHH noMaJly, HO gaCTO, HH a q e, ecaH 6bi aaBaJIH
eAbl BBOJIIO, H 6bl MOO 3a2HyThCSl, TaK aOKTOP CKa3aJI.
(M. A. lb o JI 0 X o B, CyAb6a ueJIoBexa).
,a. rlpH COOTHOUIeHHH H3'bsBHTeJIbHoro - nOBeJIHTeJIbHOCO
HaKJIOHeHHH KOHCTpyKUHH, KaK npaBHJlo, HMeeT npl'IHHHo-ueae-
Boe 3Ha'eHHe.
HanpHMep:
ApTaMOHOB... AyMaeT: > H T. A.). BO BTOpOH 'l CTH 3THX
npeAnoxceHHH CKa3yeMOe B 4)iOpMe 6yAyuero BpeMeHH 6e3 oTpH-
U HHA (rnaronbnoe o6b1LIHO Bblpa?KeHO rnaronoM COBePuieHHoro
BHAa)
HanpHMep:
(HaTaJIbH - I-IeTpy) - nyCTH, HYCTH - 3 a K P H u y...
(A. M. F O p b K H H, JI eno A'pTaMOHOBbIX, 1).
()IyHA) - BapHH, He XOAHTe, y 6 J. to TI ? (B. K a T a e B, Be-
neeT napyc OAHHOKHH, XXXIX).
EAHHHLIHbI KOHCTpyKLXHH, rAe B npHLIHHHOH LIaCTH BOBeJIHTenb-
HO-H3'bsICHHTenbHbIX npeAnoxteHHH ICKa3yeMOe B 4IopMe cocnara-
TenbHOrO HaKJIOHeHHA. I-IpHLIHHHaH KOHCTPYKUHSI B TaKOM c iyLlae
HMeeT n'pOTHBHTenbHo-pa3AeJIHTeJIbHblH OTTeHO'K 3HaLIeHH5[.
HanpHMep:
(Apxnn) - Tbl, napeneK, 6erH H30 BCex CHn: K a K 6 bi c
MaluapxoH-To He CiZykunOCb Llero... ((D. B. I' n a A K O B,
I-IOBeCTb o AeTCTBe, 15).
? 6. )KeJIaTeabH0-H3'b5ICHHTejibHble npeAJIo)KeHHSI
K 3TOH rpynne 6e000IO3HbIX npeAJIO)KeHHfl OTHOCATCH TaKHe,
B nepBOH LIaCTH KOTOpbIX rOBOpHTCA He o peanbHOM IpaKTe HJH
AeHCTBHH, a o }KenaeMOM, B03MO)KHOM; BTOpaH LIaCTb 6eccOI03H5I
nOACHAeT, noLIeMy }KenaTenbHO HJ1H B03MO)KHO 3T0 AeHCTBHe, AB-
neHHe. CKa3yeMOe nepBOH' LIaCTH TaKHX npeano)KeHHH Bblpa)KeH(>
I)opMOH cocnaraTeJibHoro HaKJIOHeHHA, BO BTOpOi3 LIaCTH CKa3ye-
Moe MO}KeT 6bITb B ()OpMe H3"bHBHTenbHoro HJIH COCnaraTenbHoro
HaKJIOHeHHSI.
IIpH COOTHOHIeHHH cocnaraTenbHoro - H3'bHBHTeabHoro Ha-
KJIOHeHHH B LIaCTAX 6eccolo3Hble -npHLIHHHbie npeAJlo}KeHHA HMeIOT
CneJyIOIuHe OTTeHKH 3HageHHA:
1. COBeT, TloxceulaHHe H ero UPHLIHHHOe o60CHOBaHHe. B 3TOM
Cnyuae cocaaraTenbHoe HaKJIOHeHHe nepBOH'l CTH 6eccoI03HA CH-
HOHHMHLIHO rIOBeJIHTenbHOMy, HO B OTJIHLIHe OT noCneAHero 'nepe-
AaeT HMnepaTHBHOe 3Ha'IeHHe, KOTOpOe He HMeeT KaTerOpHLIeCKOro
xapaKTepa, He Tpe6yeT o65baTenbHoro ero HCnOJIHeHHA. B HeM
npeo611aAaeT 3HaLleHlie )KenaTenbHOCTH.
HanpHMep:
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- JI,a y]K KOH4HJIH 6bM BbI HX (6aHAHTOB), ToBapHHiH, HO-
cxopee, Talc, npu3HaTbcJ, HaM - yxcac - tlac3oejlu ooeHHbte-
TO deucTeust, - rOBOPHJIH KpeCTBHHe Myralo H POU.IHHy y
xoJIouua, me KaBa.nepHCTbI HOHJIH KOHeH. (A. H. To n-
C T O H, XMypoe yTpo, XVII).
2. B 6ecCOlO3HOM 'npeJJIo KeHHH rOBOPHTCSI 0 BO3MO)KHOM AeH-
CTBHH, C06bITHH H o6 bsCHSIeTCSI, noqeMy OHO MOTJIO HJIH Mo)KeT
6bITb BO3MO}KHbIM.
HanpHMep:
J1e,no H copBa.nOCb 6bi: 17aHTeneu Ilpolcoqbbe8uk nbtxreA U
HallueaujcSI 6ypaKOabtM COKOM, HeeecTUHa MaTb icydaxra/la,
ILaic Ha TeHb KOptuyHa Hace)ca, HO B Hy}KHyIO MHHYTY BMe-
ina.nacb BacH.nHca. (M. A. III o JI o x O B, THxHH ,L1OH, KH. 1,
'I. 1, XV).
3. CocJlaraTe.nbHoe HaKJIOHeHHe HMeeT 3Ha 1eHHe cMArgeHHOH
Heo6XOAHMOCTH, AOJI}KeHCTBOBaHHSI, )KeJIaTeJIbHOCTH.
HanpHMep:
(fIeTp) - Hy, MHe 6bI YCHYTb, Y C T a ji 51 B A o p o r e.
(A. M. FOpbKHH, JJ e.no ApTaMOHOBbIX 2).
PacCKa3a.n MHHIKa, KyAa H OTKy)(a OH eAeT, HeMHO)KKO npH-
XBaCTaJI: eMy 6bI TOJIbKO Ao TaIllKeHTa AoexaTb, Tam y Heao
pOdcTBeHHulcu eCTb. (A. C. H e B e p O B. TaIIIKeHT - ropoA
XJIe6HbIH, 30).
EAHHHqHbl CJIyiIaH 6e000IO3HbIX npHiIHHHbIX npeAJlo}KeHHH, B
o6eHX TIaCTSIX KOTOpbIX CKa3yewble HMeIOT i .IOpMy cocnaraTeJlb-
HOrO HaKJIOHeHHSI, H npeAJIO}KeHHST, rAe COOTHOCSITCSI CoCJIaraTe.nb-
Hoe - nOBeJIHTeJIbHoe HaKJIOHeHHSI CKa3yeMbIX.
HanpHMep:
KaTH He MorJla 6bu eMy (AJIeKceIo) oTKa3aTb, - He Hatuna
6bt CJ108, onpaBAblBaloluHx ee He6JlarolapHocTb. (A. H.
T 0 JI C T 0 H, XMypoe yTpo, XI).
(IlaHKOB) - Ho cepauy x 6bI TaxorO HaAeaia.l - 6eAa! ---
...Ilona o6sl3aTe.nbHO noAwer 6,i - He CyiCs Kyaa He Haao!
(A. M. F O p b K H H, MOH yHHBepCHTeTbl).
? 7. Oco6asl rpynna
DTy rpynny COCTaBJISIIOT 6eCcOIO3Hble npeLJIO}KeHHSI, HMelo-
tul3e inpHCOeAHHHTeJIbHbIH XapaKTep CB513H, BO BTOpOH, npHCOeAH-
HeHHOH IIaCT'H HX AaeTCSI 'HpHEIHHHoe IIOsICHeHHe 'H3JIO)KeHHOrO B
nepsoH LIaCTH.
1. CIoaa OTHOCHTCSI npeAJ1o)KeHHA, B KOTOpbIX
BTOpa5I MaCTb BOnpOCHTeJIbHble.
HanpHMep:
,aama CKa3aJIa C THXHM OTMaSTHHeM:
- Mo}KHO CeCTb pSIAOM C BaMH, st 6oloCb Mbuueu. (A. H. T o .n-
c T o #, XMypoe yTpo, 1).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Ho A 6OAJICA 3auu1u aTb 3aKpo wHuy - Bapy2 CTapyxa ao-
aaaaeTCSI, LtTO Icnu2a-To ee? (A. M. I' O p b K H A, B ?JIIoAAx,
VIII).
3ailacTylo 3TOT BOnPOC SIBJISfeTCH pHTOpHilecKHM.
HanpHMep:
(IIHcbMo KaTH) KHble 'npeAJIO}KeHHSI, BO BTOpOH LIaCTH KO-
TOpbIX AaeTCA KOCBeHHOe o60CHOBaHHe nepBOii qaCTH CJIOBa'MH
Apyroro JI'Hua. 3TO 06OCHOBaHHe nepeAaeTCA npTMoi pe'IblO, KOC-
BeHHOfi peilbio HJIH >Ke npeAJIOJKeHHeM C BBOAHbIMH CJIOBaMH, yxa-
3bIBa1ou HMH, KOMY npHHaAJIe>KHT BbICKa3bIBaHHe.
IIpAMaH pe'Ib BO BTOpOfI 'IaCTH 6ecco103HH MO>KeT COnpo-
Bo>KAaTbCA CJIOBaMH, yKa3bIBaIo uHMH, K'TO rOBOpHT, HPH KaKHX
o6CTOATeJIbCTBax.
HanpHMep:
Co.IAaT 6bIJI HenpHHTeH MHe, OH He B036y>KAaJI cocrpaaa-
HHA H >KaJIOCTH y McHH. 3TO 6bIJlo HeJIOBKO, - 6a6yulKa
htno oicparno noy ialla meta : KJIioaea nano waAeTb, Bce He-
CKaCTHbt, aceM TpyanO>>. (A. M. r 0 p b K H fl, UeTCTBO, VI).
I4Horaa >Ke np$IMaSI pe'b B TaKHX npej[JIO>KeHHHX npHBOAHTCSI
6e3 BCHKHX nOACHHTeJIbHbIX CJIOB.
HanpHMep:
B359B ee (HaTaJlblo) 'nOA pyKH, OHH nOHHJIH 6blcTpee, a neTp
3aMeAJIHJI war: - A noao ay MaTb. (A. M. F o p b K H
)IeJio ApTaMOHOBbIX, II).
B Tex CJIy'aSIX, KOrJa npH'IHHHaSI LIaCTb SIBJISIeTCSI KOCBeHHOH
pe'Ib!o, Ha 3TO yKa3bIBa!OT TIaCTHubl , >, BBOAHble
cJloBa.
(TpHcf onoB) - ...6yHTyiOT 3weJIOHbl, - 3aueM, Most, ertOUre
rtac Ha nyTStx... (A. H. T 0 JI C T 0 fi, BoceMHaLUaTblfi roA, II) .
(KaTA) - KpacyeTC9 nepeA HapOAOM 4HJIbKa-TO: wu3uTe,
Moir, KaKyto Kpa.iuo 3aapKaHUA. ((D. B. F Ji a A K o B, IloBecrb
o aeTCTBe, 25).
Oco6asl rpynna. npHXIHHHbix 6e000IO3HbIX npep[JloxceHHA, KaK
H rpynna >Ke.IaTeJlbHO-H3-b5lcHHTeJlbxa!l, no KOJIHLIeCTBy npHMepOB
MaJlO4HCJieHHa, ynOTpe6JI5noTCSI uOAO6Hble KOHCTPYKUHH CpaBHH-
TeJIbHO peAKO.
? 8. JIeKCH9eCKHe CpeACTBa CBA3H 4aCTeN 6eccO103Horo
BpHMHHHOFO npeAJIO>KeHHS1
CHHTaKCH'IeCKaH CBA3b HaCTeft 6eCC0I03noro CJIO>KHOI'O npeA-
JIO)KeHHA H erO 3Ha,4eHHe Bblpa>KalOTCA TaK>Ke pa3JIHLIHbIMH JIeKCH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 I 1.1.1. ~ ._... ,_.. I I .. 1. .. ___.__~_...__._.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
geCKHMH 3JIeMeHTaMH BTOpOI3 H nepBOii gacTe i 6e000I03HH. 3To,
npe K.z a Bcero, CTpyKTypHO-neKCHqeCKHe COOTBeTCTBHH o6eHx LIa-
cTef. CioAa }Ke OTHOCHTC$ ynoTpe6neHHe B OAHOH H3 qacTet 6ec-
COIO3H5I HeKOTOpbIX McCTO'HMeHHH, Hape'qHii, TlaCTHIL, BBOAHbIX
CJIOB, KOTOPble yTOLIHHIOT 3Ha'IeHHe npHLIHHHOro npeAAoxeHHH,
npHAaloT eMy pa3JHLIHble OTTeHKH 3HagIeHHH.
CTPYKTYPHO-neKCHTIeCKHe COOTBeTCTBHSI B nio6oM CJIO}K?fHOM
npe. JIOH{eHHH SIBJ IIIOTCSH nOKa3aTeneM TeCHOIi CBH3H ero lqaCTeH.
Oco6eHHO OHH Ba)KHbI fPH 6eccoIo3HH. B' 6eccOIO3HoM npHHHHHOM
npeAJIo)KeHHH CTpyKTypHO-neKCHLIeCKHe COOTBeTCTBHSH HBJ$HOTCH
OAHHM H3 rnaBHbIX BbIpa3HTeneii npHqHHHOrO 3HaqeHHSI B, Cny-
uasiX o60CHOBaHHSI npHIIHHHbIM npeAJIO}KeHHeM He BCeIi nepsoii
,qaCTH, a OTAeJIbHbIX-gIJIeHOB HpeAJIO}KeHHH ee.
3TH COOTBeTCTBHs B pa3JIHUHbIX BapHaHTax XapaKTepHbl AJISI
noAasnalouuero 60nbIHHHCTBa npHqHHHbIX 6e000I03HbIX npeAno-
}KeHHIi.
HaH6oJlee pacnpocTpaHCHbI cneAyioruxe cTpyKTypxo-JIeKdH-
lieCKHe COOTBeTCTBHSI: 1. OAHO H' TO }Ke nOAnexcaiuee B o6eHX ' a-
CTSIX.
HanpHMep:
- HeT, Si Tyaa He IIOIiAy, - ConAaT ROBBICHJI rOnoC, - Si
Ae3epTHp. (A. H. T o JI C T 0 ii, CecTpbl, XXVI).
2. B o6enx MaCT$1X OAHH -H TOT )Ke o61 eKT.
HanpHMep:
fTo npaBAe CKa3aTb, rleTe BeCbMa yJIb16anacb nepcneKTHBa
TaKoro Becenoro pa6CTBa: eMy AaBHO yxce XOTeJIOCb no6po-
Ax}KHHiIaTb C FaBpHKOM no ropoAy. (B. K a T a e B, BeneeT
napyc OAHHOKHii, XXXVI).
3. COOTBeTCTBHe noAnexcamerO B OAHOii H3 qacreg H AOBOn-
HeHH51 - B apyrOii.
Ha(npHMep:
A 3aMH'paIo OT y)Kaca: Ha McHS1 ABH?KeTCSI TITO-TO orpOMHoe,
HeoTpa3HMoe, noXMaToe - 3T0 AOMOBOH, BceCHnbHbIH Baa-
AbIKa, I1 OTHB KOTOPOrO HHKTO He MO}KeT 60pOTbCSI.
((D. B. r n a A 0 B, 170BeCTb o aeTCTBe, 2).
(JOJ'HHHHK) - ,aep}KHTeCb, cojiaaTbI, 3a 6oahtueBHKOB:
OHH He npoAaAyr! (H. A. 0 C T p'0 B C Ku A, Ka:K 3aKansl-
nacb CTanb, H. II, rn. 5).
4. Meabiuee paCIIpocTpaHeHHe HMeIOT apyrHe COOTBeTCTBHH.
COOTHOCHTbCSI MoryT pa3JIH'IHbie gjieHbI npeJJIO}KeHHSI 06eHX ua-
CTeH.
HanpHMep: a) IIOAnexcaiuee - o6CTOHTenbCTBO McCTa:
OrpOMHble lIyryHHbie BOpoira napKa He 3aKpblBan'HCb: B HHC
OAHH 3a L pyFHM B'be3}KaJ1H 3KHna}KH. (H. A. 0 C T p 013?
C K'H A, PowaeHxble 6ypeii, u. 1, rn. 3).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
6) aOnOJIHeHHe - onpeAeaeHHe:
rpOM CJIOBHO paCKOJIOJI HaBHCInyIO TyMeByIO rpoMaAHHy: H3
Heap ee XJIbIHyJI A611Kgb. (M. A. III On o x o B, THXH'ii aOH,
KB. 3, q. 6, XI).
B) CKa3yeMoe - onpeAeneHHe:
Ho opy3KHe He 6bwno BbIHyTO: Ka}Kj(bII3 3HaJi, MTO BbIHyTOe
opy}KHe AOJI)KHO cTpeJIATb. (A. H. T o JI C T 0 i3, XMypoe
yTpo, XI).
CTpyKTypHO-JIeKCHLIeCKHe COOTBeTCTBHH BblpawalOTCH B cae-
,i[yIOIUHX Cf opMax: 1. COOTHOCs1u eeCA CJIOBO nepsoK tlaCTH no-
BTOpHeTCl BO BTOPOri. KorAa B o6eHX ilaCTSIX OAHO noAJIe}Kanjee,
TO, HOBTOpeHHe ero Ha6JnoaaeTC51 B CJIyxiae, eciH OHO Bblpa}KQHO
JIHqHbIM McCTOHMeHHeM. FIOBTOpeHHe noAJlexcaIuerO BO BTOPOII
LIaeTH, o6bILlHaH nOCTaHOBKa erO Ha nepsoe McCTO o6paU alOT Ha
Hero oco60t BHHMaHHe.
HanpHMep:
- Pa3yMeeTCx, BHHOBaT npe}KAe Bcero Si cam, - nporOBO-
pHJI I4BaH HJIbHtl 3aayMLIHBO, - A HX K 3TOMy noompxJi.
(A. H. To .1CTOf, CecTpbl, V).,
rloBTOpeHHe COOTHOCRiueroCB cJIOBa BO BTOPOI3 qaCTH 6OJiee
o6bIIIHO npH COOTHOnIeHHH pa3HbIX 4IneHOB npeAJIO}KeHHA.
HanpHMep:
O pyKax Hetlero H rOBO HTb - pyKH, KaK y cano}KHHKa.
(B. K a T a e B, Be.neeT napyc QAHHOKHK, XXIV).
OHa (MaTb) He ceaa - 6oslnacb cecTb - H BCA Apo}Ka.Ia.
((D. B. F JI a A K O B, rloseCTb o AeTCTBe, 2).
2. UMA CymeCTBHTeJIbHOe B OAHOFI H3 qaCTeK (KaK npaBHJIO,
B nepsoK), B Apyroi ZIaCTH 3aMeH5ieTCH McCTOHMeHHeM, JIINHbIM
HJIH yxa3aTeJIbHbIM, eCJIH nocjleAHee Bb1CTynaeT KaK no1ne>KaLuee,
AOIIOJIHeHHe HJIH o6CTOHTeJIbCTBO. COOTHOCAiueec 1 McCTOnMeHHe-
noane}Kaulee BTOpOl3 tIaCTH O6bILIHO 6bIBaeT aHa4opHgeCKHM.
rlpHMepbI TaKHX COOTBeTCTBHI3:
M a T b c y}KaCOM H TOCKOl3 rJISIAeJIa Ha AeAa H AeBepb-
eB H CTpaAaJia: 0 H a BHAeJia, 'ITO OHH Ha3JIO OCKOp6JIAIOT
e e, LITO HM nPOTHBHa 3Ta e e nOTpe6HOCTb B 'IHCTOTe.
((D. B. F JI a A K O B, rIOBeCTb o AeTCTBe, 2).
HH KJI09Ka POAHOI7 ra3eTKH - K03bio HO)KKY 3aBepHyTb,
H MH CnH9eK, HH MaXOPKH - Bce paCKHCJIO OT BOAbI.
(TBapii0BCKHH, BaCHJIHI3 TePKHH, BOA B 6onoT-e).
B nocaeAHeM npeAJio}KeHHH McCTOHMeHHe , CTOAUiee BO
BTOPOFI qaCTH, OAHOBpeMeHHO o6o6u(aeT BCe TPH OAHOpOAHbIX AO-
HOJIHeHHA nepsoK LIaCTH, C KOTOpbIMH OHO COOTHOCHTCA.
I4MH cylIjeCTBHTeJIbHoe, JIHTHOe HJIH yKa3aTeJlbHoe McCTOHMe-
HHe B OAHOI3 H3 gaCTex MO}KeT COOTHOCHTbCH C npHTA>KaTeJIbHbIM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
McCTOHMeHHeM-onpeAeJleHHeM HJIH C McCTOHMeHHbIM HapeqHeM-
o6CTOHTeJlbCTBOM B Apyroli XIaCTH.
I-IpHMepbl:
EBJIaulKa He np'HCTaJI K HaM: eMy, AOJDKHO 6bITb, Ha-
ma Hrpa He IloupaBHJlacb. ((D. B. F JI a A K o B, IIOBeCTb O
AeTCTBe, 27).
,L[pyrHx CJIOB AJIB Hee _(HaTaJIbH) y Hero (I'IJIbH), BH-
AHMO, He 6bIJIo, a iaCKOBbie U JIeIIKH HeCKOJIbK0 06HH{aJI4
ee: TaK JIaCKaIOT JioluaAeli. (A. M. F O p b K H Ti, aejio ApTa-
MOHOBbIX, 1).
OT HHX (Ka3aKOB) HeKyJI;.a 6bIJIo CnpwTaTbCB: Bee na-
paAHbie H BOPOTa 6bIJIH HarJiyXO 3anepTbI H OXpaHSIJIHCb Ha-
pBAaMH BoliCK H nOJIHgHH. (B. K a T a e B, BeneeT napyc
OAHHOKHIi, XXXVIII).
3. Diaro iy nePBOIi qaCTH MOryT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb McCTOHMe-
HHB (eCJIH OHH BbICTyna1OT B pOJIH noAJle?Kaiuero, aOrOJIHeHHB)
HJIH HapeLIHB (eCJIH OHH BBJIHIOTCB 06CT0HTeJIbCTBaMH) BO BTOPOIi
li aCTH.
HanpHMep:
(flaHKpaTOB) - ,aaliTe eMy (Ty4)Te) BbICKa3aTbCA, 9T0
HOJIe3HO 3HaTbl (H. A. O C T P O B C K H Ii, KaK 3aKaJIHJIaCb
cTaJIb,. ti. 2, ji. 5).
(CoJIAaT LIy}KOii 3eMJIH) He 6HJI, He MyLHJI H He }Ker, -
BceMy CBOFI CPOK H psA. (TB a P A 0 B C K It li, UOM Y Aopo-
rH, V).
OH (KopoJIeHKO) OTOABHHyJICA OT McHH, HaKJIOHHJI-
CA, - TaK eMy 6bIJIO yao6Hee CMOTpeTb B JIHIZO MHe -H
MOJIIIa, BHHMaTeJIbHO cJlyuiaJi. (A. M. r o p b K H Ii, BpeMB
KopOJIeHKO).
4. McCTOHMeHHble CJIOBa BTOpOH qaCTH MoryT COOTBeTCTBO-
BaTb CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHIO nePBOIi ,qaCTH.
HanpHMep:
AHHCbB C TeX nop HH pa3y He BCnOMHHaJIa AeTCKHX
JIHU, 6oHJlacb 3TOro... (A. H. T o JI C T O Ii, XMypoe yTpo,
XIII).
IIHJIH H eJIH OHH (KynljbI) HeXOPOnIO, HenpHCTo iHO; 6bI-
JIO nOMTH nPOTHBHO BHAeTb rOJIOBbl, CKJIOHeHHbie HaA CTO-
JIOM, 3TO HanOMHHaJIO .CBHHeH HaA KOpbITOM. (A. M. FO p b-
K H Ii, aeJio ApTaMOHOBbIX, 3).
5. McCTOHMeHHble CJIOBa BTOPOIi LIaCTH MOryT COOTHOCHTb-
CB C npeAJIO}KeHHeM, BXOAHIII,HM B COCTaB nepBOH 4aCTH.
HanpHMep:
(COpOKHH-BejiBeBy)... T-ITO Si Te6A He 3aCTpeJIHJI
ceFi'Iac, nOMHH, - 3TO 3a TBOH 3acJlyrH... (A. H. T o JI C T O Ii,
BoceMHag aTblii ro , XI).
He 6yAy paCCKa3bIBaTb 0 TOM, KaK OHH nHJIH, - 3TO
HeHHTepeCHO. (K a B e p H H, OTKPbITai KHHra, xi. 1, ra. 1, 9).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
6. McCTOHMeHHe MHO}KeCTBeHHOrO gHCna BO BTOpOH 4aCTH
MO}KeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb ILByM HJIH HeCKOJIbKHM LIJIeHaM npeAno-
)KeHHSI nepBOli qacTH.
HanpHMep:
(Cappa) -...51 BcerAa no yTpaM 3axO)Ky 3a AABHroi+ 6or-
Aa'HOBON - MM C HeI B OAHOI1 MacTepCKOH pa60TaeM.
(H. A. 0 C T P 0 B C K H li.. Po>KAeHHble 6ypeN, q. 1, ra. 2).
7. HapegHe KOHKpeTHOTO 3HageHH5I B OAHOI3 H3 qaCTeft COOT-
BeTCTByeT McCTOHMeHHOMy HapeziHIO B Apyrofi.
HanpHMep:
HaAo 6bITb cyMacweAwHM, qT06bI B3(5HpaTbCSI HaBepx: TaM
3acaAa, H HaBepHSIKa HX TaM cxBaTHT. (B. K a T a e B, Be-
neeT napyc OAHHOKHIi, XXVI).
8. F iarony c oTpHuaHlaeM rlepBOH qaCTH BO BTOpOIi MO)KeT
COOTBeTCTO'BaTb McCTOHMeHHe (3TOD, 03Haxialoiuee HOJIO)KHTenb-
Hoe AefCTBHe.
HanpHMep:
(TeTKa HaTa.nml) - TbI He cnpawHBafi, 3T0 Xyxce!
(A. M. ropbKHH, ,ILeTCTBO, II).
OH (COpoKHH) He pyKOBOAHJI OTCTYnneHHeM, 3To 6bIJIO 6ec-
nOne3HO. (A. H. To a C T O H, BoceMHaAuaTbIH roA, XI).
3Aecb a9T0> _ . (A. H. T O n C T O Ii, CecTpbI, XII I) .
He Be3JIH TOJIbKO AeHer - aTOT xnaM He roAHnCH Aaxce Bep-
TeTb K03bH ~HO}KKH. (A. H. T o n C T O Ii, BoceMHaAn aTbI4i
roA 1).
BOHHJIH B Aepe'BHe OXOTHO, no BCSIKOMy nOBOAy H 6e3 nOBO-
Aa - Tax no HacTpoeHHlo: y 6a6 6bino MHOrO npHtIHH rOJIO-
CHTb H nnaKaTb. ((D. B. I- a a A K 0 B, IZOBeCTb 0 aeTCTBe, 2).
10. O4eHb paCnpOCTpaHeHbI TaKHe COOTBeTCTBHSI, KorAa B OA-
HOH H3 gaCTeH HJIH B o6efx COOTHOCALueecq CJIOBO OnyCKaeTCSI.
HanpHMep:
McAHbIM nanbueM BOTKHyJICSI B He60 TOHKHIi InnHnb HHKOJIb-
CKOIi KOJIOKOnbHH, KpecTa Ha HCM He 6bino, (ero) CHSIJIH 30-
AOTHTb. (A. M. F 0 p b K H H, ,Leno ApTaMOHOBbIX, 1).
DTO y6HHua, cnpblrHyB Ha ynHuy, 6pocnncH 6e>KaTb Ha
JIyKbIIHO'BCKHe nyCTblp-H, OTCTpeJIHBaHCb. He yLUen (OH): AO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
rxana (ero) 4b5-TO nynsl. (H. A. O C T p o B C K H H, KaK 3a-
xanslnacb cTanb, ti. 2, ra. 1).
11. HanxqHe o6ntero noAne)Kaiue-rO B LlaCT51x 6eccoIO3HOro
3IpI4 HHHOro npeATIo)KeHHSI MO)KCT Bblpa)KaTbCSI JIHIHb JIHLIHOH (pOp-
MOH CKa3yeMOro.
HanpHMep:
(rITaxa o Bacxnbxe) - ... A 6HTb He MO ry - nlo6nio wenb-
My. (H. A. O C T P O B C K H H, Po>KAeHHble 6ypeH, H. 1, ra. 5).
'COOTHOCHTenbHbIX nap B CJIO KHOM 6e000I03HOM npeanoNce-
HHa, KaK 3TO BHAHO H3 npHMepoB, MO}KeT 6bITb HeCKOnbKO. CooT-
HOCHTenbHOCTb OTAenbHbIX qneHOB npeAnoxceHHSI gacTef 6eccoio-
3HSI BbICTynaeT B HeM KaK Moryi ee cpeACTBO CBH3H HX, TaK Kaf c
rIpH 3TOM npeAno}KexxSl B3aHMHO npOHH,KaIOT, KaK 6b1 BpacTaior
Apyr B apyra.
3TO SIBneHHe oqeHb WHpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHO B 5I3bIKe.
? 9. Nab neKCH4eCKHX CpeACTB B C03AaHHH OTTeHKOB npHUHHHOro
3HageHHSI B 6eccolo3H0M CJIO)KHOM npeAJlO)KeHHH.
BOJIbWyIO POJIb B C03,ItaHHH OTTeHKOB npHtIHHHOTO 3HatleHHSI
B 6e000I03HOM CJIO}KHOM npeAJioK{eHHH HrpaioT pa3JlINHble neKCH-
LIeCKHe 3JIeMeHTbI? CJIOBa c HaH60nee OTBnegeHHbIM' 3HageHHeM:
HeKOTOpble McCTOHMeHHH, Hape4H5i, 'IacTHubI, BxoAHIuHIe BO BTOpYIO
qaCTb 6ecCOlO3HH, H BBOAHbie CJIOBa B ero nepBOH YaCTH.
LIaCTilua KH> BO BTOPOH xiaCTH 6ecC0103HH YCHJIHBaeT npHgHH-
Hoe 34aiieHHe npeA ?KeHHSI, nOAHepKHBaeT ero.
HanpHMep,:
Y COpOKHHa 3aKaTHnOCb cepuue, - H 3TOT (rbIM3a) cmeeT-
csi!... (A. H. T o n c T o H, BoceMHaAuaTbIH rorL, XI).
OH (IIeTp) 3Han, '4T0 6eAHHKH ropoAa CMOTP51T Ha riie6a
xaK Ha 6naN{eHHOro 3a TO, TO 3TOT ROn He }KaAeH, naCKOB
CO BCeMH, XOPOIIIO CJI )KHT B uePKBH H 0006eHH0 TporaTenb-
HO OTneBaeT nOKOHHHKOB. Bce 3T0 ApTaMOHOB ctlHTan eCTe-
CTBeHHbIM, - TaKOB H aoJi>KeH 6bITb non. (A. M. r .o p b-
x H H, aeno ApTaMOHOBblx, 2).
IIIHPOKO paCnpOCTpaHeHO ynOTpe6neHHe BO BTOpOH qaCTH
6ecco103Horo npH1IHHHOrO npeANo){eHHH McCTOHMeHHbIXX CJIOB CO
3HageHHeM BbICIneM CTeneHH npOHBneHHSI Toro HJIH HHOrO KaqeCT-
Ba, AeHCTBHH (KHJLaH-
Hble nay3bI, n0ALIepKHyTO AJIHTeJIbHble nay3bl.
KaTb H TaKHe OTTeHKH cMblc.na, KOTOpble HHiuyLUHi3 qaCTO BHOCHT
B csoe BbICKa3bIBaHHe KaK HHAHBHAyaJlbHble, He 06A3aTeJIbHo npH-
CyluHe aaHHOH CHHTa'KCH4eCKOl3 KOHCT'pyKUHH. DTa nOTpe6HOCTb
O6bILIHO npHBO,i[HT K Heo6XOAHMOCTH yHOTpe6JieHH$1 aoriOJIHHTeJIb-
HbIX 3HaKOB npenHHaHH51 HJIH CBoeo6pa3HOrO KOM6HHHPO'BaHH1
HX, 4TO Aa3ieKO He BcerAa MO>KeT 6bITb npeAycMOTpeHO npaBHJla-
MH, KaK 6bI ,IjeTaJIbHO OHH HH 6bIJIH pa3pa6OTaHbl>> 3.
Lame Bcero y 60JIbIUHHCTBa HHCaTeneis B 6eccoK)3HbIX npH-
ZiHHHbIX npeAJ1OECeHHS1X ynOTpe6JIHeTCH ABOeTOtHe, HO HH Y OAHO-
ro OHO He BbIAep>KIIBaeTCSI CTpOrO BO Bcex CJiygalIX.
C K H Ii, CHHTaKCHC B IIIKOJie, C6. McTOAHKa p0,1HOFO 5I3bIKa, JIN.HrBHCTHKa, CTH-
nHCTHKa, n03THKa, 1925; P. H. A B a H e c O B H B. H. C H A 0 p 0 B. PyCCKHFA
H3b[K, y4e6HHK Anx neA. TeXHHKyMOB, 1936; K. H. B bI n H H C K H fi H
H. H. H H K OR b C K H Ii, TpyAHble cny4aH op4porpa4HH H nyHKTyaunH, 1944;
CnpaBO'HHK no op4)orpa4)HH H nyHKTyaunH Aim pa60THHKOB nelaTH, 1957;
B. A. A o 6 p 0 M bI C n 0 B. Cn0xcHbie npe3no>KeHHH, >K. PyccKHF[ II3bIK B IIIKO-
ne, 1938, Ns 4; A. B. LII a n H p o, OCHOBbl pyccxoH nyxKTyaunH, 1955;
C. r. B a p x y A a p o B H C. E. K p lO 4 K o B, Y4e6HHK pYCCKOrO B3bIKa,
4. II, CHHTaKCHC Ana 6 H 7 Kn. cpeAHeli HIKOnbl, 1954; A. M. 3 e M C K H N,
C. E. K p IO 4 K O B, M. B. C B e T n a e B, PYCCKHH H3bIK, 4. 11, y4e6HHK AJIH
neAarorH4ecKHx y4HJIHlu, 1953; IlpaBnna pyccxoH op4porpa4pHH H nyxKTyaunH,
1956.
I JI. B. LU e p 6 a. IIyHKTyaunn, JIHTepaTypkaa 3HUHKnonellHH, T. IX,
1935, cTp. 369; B CnpaBo4HHKe no op4porpa4pnH H nyxKTyaunH K. H. B b[ n H H-
C K o r 0 H H. H. H H K 0 n b C K O r O KaK npHMepbl CO1OCTaBneHHa, npH KO-
TOpOM peKOMeHAyeTCH nOCTaHOBKa THpe, npHBoAxTCa 6eccolo3Hbie IIPH1HHHble
npe3Jlo)KeHHB nOBeiHTenbHO-H3'baCHHTenbHorO Tana, ? 196, CTp. 11; A. M. r y-
c e B, 3HaKH npenHHaHHH, 1905, yKa3blBaeT, 4T0 THpe CTaBHTCH npH npOnycl{e
C01030B, npHMepbl - 6eccoIO3Hble npH4HHHble npe3JloB(eHHH nOBeJIHTeJIbHO-H3b-
cCHHTenbHOrO THlna, a np'eAno>IieH'HA C06CTBeHHO-H3bHCHHTeJIbHble npHBOAHTCII
B npaBHJIaX nOCTaHOBKH ABOeTO4H5l npH OnyMeHHH COIO30B , >, cxTaK KaK>, CM. CTp. 118-119; H. C. 11 o c n e n 0 B C'HTaeT, 4TO B 6ec-
COIO3HbIX npH'HHHbIX npe3JIO>KeHHHX B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MeCTa norH4eCKoro yAa-
peHH% CTaBHTCH THpe HJIH ABOeTO'He, CM. 0 rpaMMaTHTIeCKOI1 npapoae H np'HH-
IIHnaX Knacca44HKauHH 6eccOI03HbIX npeaJlo>KeHHIi, c6. Bonpocbl CHHTaKCHca
COBpeMeHHoro pYCCKOrO B3bIKa, 1950, cTp. 349.
2 B c e B'O JI U A C K H' fl-l' e p H r p o c c, TLOpHII pyCCKO~0 pe4eaoil HHTOHa-
UHH, II6, 1922, CTp. 95.
3 A. B. LLI a n H p o, OcIiOBbI pycCKOr nyxKTyaunH, AH CCCP, U955,
cTp. 39-40.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Y A. H. TojiCToro, KaK npaaHJIO, B npe.aJlo)KeHHBx AaHHOro
THna CTOHT 1(BOHHOi3 3HBK - 3BnHTa$I H THpe (, -)
B CoOpaHHH COLIHHeHHi3 A. M. FopbKOro (B TpHAuaTH TOMaX,
H3A. AH CCCP) He TOJIbKO B ABHHOH KOHCTpYKIZHH, HO H B ApyrHX
c iy,ia%x OAHO H TO }Ke rpaMMaTHqeCKOe 3HalieHHe nepei1ae'rc ca-
MbIMH pa3JIHtIHbIM'H 3HaKaMH, 6ecCOIO3Hble HpHHHHHble npeAJio)Ke-
HHSL Male pa3AeJISI10TCH THpe, HO BCTpetia1OTCSI B 9THX KOHCTpyiK-
IjHSIX TaK}Ke H 3anSlTa5l, TO'IKa C 3anSITOti, ~3a'HHTaH H Tiipe, MHorO-
TOLIHe.
Bce 3T0 rOBOpHT 0 TOM, IqTO OpHeHTHpOBaTbCSI Ha 3HaKH npe-
n'HHaHHH npH CHHTaKCHgecKHX HccJIeAOBaHHHX TeKCTOB HeJIb3fl.
A. B., Ulannpo np}fBOAFIT 6oJibiuoe KOJIHgeCTBO npHMepOB H3
npOH3Be1IeHHFi pa3JIHIIHbIX noCaTeJIeIi, rAe B 6e000IO3HOM npeAJIO-
}KeHHH BMeCTO ABOeTOT4H$1 nOCTaBJIeHO THpe HJ%H 3anHTBH H THpe.
OH 06'b$ICHHeT npeAnoqTeHHe fHCaTeJIHMH THpe ero OCO6OI3 BbIpa-
3HTeJIb-HOCTbIO. KpOMe Toro OTMegaeT, LITO HHOrAa 3afSITa1 H THpe
(, -) CTa'BHTCSI HOTOMy, LLTO IrIHwyLueMy TpyAHO C yBe'peHHOCTbIO
nOABeCTH 3Ha'IeHHe aaHHOH KOHCTPYKIIHH n01[ onpeAeJIeHHYIO py6-
pHKy: BO3M0}KeH KaK OI[HH, TaK H ApyroH CMbICJI, a HHorAa cone-
TaHHe Toro H Apyroro> 1.
I-IoCJIeAHee 3aMeuaHHe O'IeHb cylueCTBeHHO, TaK KaK OAHOH
H3 OTJIHHHTeJIbHbIX OCo6eHHOCTei3 6eccOI03HbIX KOHCTPYKgHH 5IB-
JISIeTCS1 HX MHor03HatiHOCTb.
B -Tex }Ke cJiyiiaxx, r1[e B03MO)KHbI pa3JIH'IHbie 3Ha'eHHH
npe'AJIO)KeHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HHTOHaL[HH, OnpeaeJIeHHblf3 3Ha'K
npe1HHaHHH Ba}KeH. B 6eiccolo3Hbix npH'IHHHbIX npeAJlo}KeHHHX
AJIA pa3JIH'eH'HSI HX OT ApyrHX B03MO)KHbIX 3Ha'IeHHH CTaBHTCH
ABoeTO'IHe, THpe HJIH 3afMTa$I H THpe B npOTH'BOIIOJIO)KHOCTb 3ano-
TOi3. TaK, B npeAJIO)KeHHH > 3anHTbIM'H pa3AeJISnoTCH OaHOp01(Hble cKa3yeMbie
H OAHOpOAHble gaCTH CJIO)KHOCO'qHHeHHOro npe.Jio)KeHHSI; HHTOHa-
11110 nepe'IHCJIHTeJIbHaHI. ECJIH ace noCTa'BHTb B 9TOM npeAJto}KeHHH
ABOeTO'IHe, TO 3Ha'IeHHe, KOHCTPYKILHST H HHTOHaI[HSI ero pe3Ko
McH5IIOTC51:
113 JIHTepaTypHO-Xy,O}KeCTBeHHbIX naMHTHHKOB BTOpOH HO-
JIOBHHbI XVI BeKa BbIAeJIHeTCH 1, HBJI$iIO-
MHAc5i, no OnpeAeJieHHio axaA. A. C. OpJloBa 2, . ,
5I3bl'K JIHTepaTypHO-xy11o}KeCTBeHHbIX nPOH3BeaeHHI3 CJIO)K H
no C'Boeli CTpyKType, TaK KaK BKJHO4IaeT pa3HOO6pa3Hbie lieprbI
KaIK HapOAHO-pyCCKoro, TaK H I(epKOBHOCJIaBHHCKOro 513bIKa, noA-
'IHHHH HX HOJIHOCTbIO TeMe XyAO KeCTBeHHOI'O nOBeCTBOBaHHH.
JJaHHbIH THn HHCbMeHHOrO H3bIKa nOKa eme HaHMeHee H3yqeH, Ha
LITO HeOAHOKpaTHO yKa3bIBaJI aKaa. B. B. BHHorpaAOB 3. B npeA-
JlaraeMoIi CTaTbe paccMa'TpHBaIOTCH 4IOpMbI HMeHHTeJIbHOro naAe-
)Ka MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO qHcjia HMeH CyIIIeCTBHTeJIbHbIX My)KCKOrO
poaa TBepaoro BapxaHTa Ha -H, -bi, -one, a Taxxce npHBOAHTCH
HeKOTOpble If OpMbI HMeHHTeJIbHOrO (BHHHTeJIbHOrO) naAexeeg Ha
-a, BCTpeileHHble B naMHTHHKaX BTOpOii HOJIOBHHbI XVI BeKa.
JZpeBHePYCCKOMY H3bIKy CTapHIero nepHoAa OKOHqaHHe HMe-
HHTeJIbHOrO naaexca MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO tIHCJIa -bI He 6bIJf0 H3BeCT-
HO. flaMH'THHKaMH HHCbMeHHOCTH BTO OKOHqaHHe 3aCBHAeTeJIbCT-
BOBaHO, HaLIHHas C XIII BeKa4, Ha Me.CTe -H (H3 AH4)TOHra). -01.
Bonpoc 0 npH'qIHHaX BO3o6JIaaaHHH ()JIeKCHH -bi B HIMeHH-
TeJIbHOM nape Ke MHO)KeCTBeHHOI'O tIHCJIa CyIIjeCTBHTeJIbHbIX My)K-
OKOTO poAa HpHBJIeKaJI BHHMaHHe MHOrHX JIHHFBHCTOB. BOJIbHIHH-
CTBO ygeHbIX (A. M. Co6oJieBCKHH 5, A. A. IIIaXMaTOB 6, E. (D. Kap-
CKJIO'H'eHHe HMeH 'CymeCTBH'TeJIbHbIX B > 1908-1909 rr., KH. 4, T. XIII, CTp. 346).
3 B. B. B H H 0 r p a A o B. 06pa30BaHHe pYCCKOrO HaIHOHaJIbHoro JIHre-
paTypHoro 313buKa. , 1956, Ns 1, CTp. 10. B. B. B H H 0-
1907, crp. 194.
5 A. 14. C0'60JI-eBCKHA.
1907, CTp. 193-194.
6 A. A. III a x m a T 0 B. HccjleJiosa1LHIe 0 H3bIKe
XIII-XIV BB. Cf16, 1886, -cTp. 202. Hcc1IeaOBaHHe
XV B., C116, 1'903, CTp. 106.
pyCCKOrO 93b[Ka, M.,
DyCCKOro I3bIKa, M.,
HoBropoACKHx rpaMOT
o IIBHHCKHX rpaMOTax
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CKHI-I 1, H. H. UypHOBO 2, C. H. O6HOpCKHH 3, B. YH6erayH 4,.
A. A. By.IaXOBCKHI3 5 H Ap.) CtIHTaeT, tlTO HO5IBJIeHH1O OKOHgaHHSI
-bI B HMeHHTeJIbHOM naaexKe MHOxceCTBeHHoro tIHCJia CHO006CTBO-
BaJIo BJIHSIHHe BHHHTeJIbHOF0 na,exca MHO>KeCTBCHHOr0 LIHCJIa.
B Ka' eCTBe 060CHOBaHH5I 3TOr0 MHeHHS1 aKu. A. H. Co6oJleBCKHii
yKa3blBaeT Ha cosnaAeHHe HMeHI4TeJIbHOI'O H BHHHTeJIbHOro na-
Ae KeK MHO>KeCTBeHHOrO LIHCJia B CpeAHeM poue H B aBOFICTBeH-
HOM tIHCJIe Cyll[eCTBHTeJIbHbIX My}KCKOrO H cpeAHero poi a. He'KO-
TOpble JIHHI'BHCTbI (M. A. KOJIOCOB 6, H. 5q. '4epHbIX7, K. Meliep s
H Ap?) BHASIT npHtlHHY B03o6JIaaaHH31 OKOHtIaHHSI -bi B HMeHHTeJIb-
HOM naAe> e MHO}KeCTBeHHOI'O tlHCJia BO BJIHHHHH HMe-
HHTeJIbHOr0 naAexca MHO>KeCTBeHHOrO tiHCJia OCHOB Ha HCKOH-
Hoe -a (Ao.nroe).
PeHlalouiee 3HatleHHe B aaHHOM npouecce, no HalneMy MHe-
HHIO, HMeJIO BJIHSIHHe BHHHTeJIbHOI'O riaAexca MHO>KeCTBeHHOro
tgHCJIa Ha (POpMbl HMeHHTeJIbHOrO naAexca. Bno.nne OHpeAe.ieHHO,
'ITO B 3TOM npouecce He CJieayeT yMaJIHTb ()aKTOP COBna.eHHH
HMeHHTeJIbHOI'O H BHHHTeJIbHOro naAe)Keli B aBocICTBeHHOM gHcjie.
AHajiorHsI )Ke K CJIOBaM 'THna >, > He Mor is
6bITb onpeaeJisnolueii, TaK KaK, C OAHOH CTOpOHbI, rpynna CJIOB
THna 6bIJIa OZIeHb He3Ha'HTeJIbHOI1 H, c apyroii CTOpO-
HbI, BOHpOC o6 HCKOHHOIi npHHaj[JIe}KHOCTH 3THX CJIOB K KaTero-
pHH MY>KCKOTO poAa He MIBJIHeTCSI OKOHtIaTeJlbHO pellleHHbIM 9.
Bonpocy HOSIBJIeHHSI OKOH'aHHH -bI B HMeHHTeJIbHOM Haae>Ke
MHO)KeCTBeHHOro -gHCJIa HOCBSIIueHa KaHju4,L aTCKaH AHccepTauml
B. H. CKynCKoro 10, rAe npouecc BO3HHKHOBeHH5I OKOH'IaHHH -bi
paCCMaTPHBaeTCH KaK CJIeACTBHe YHH(LIHKaUHH (jOpM TBep)jOM H
MSIrKO1 pa3HOBHAHOCTH H o6o6meHHSl OCHOBbI B TBepLOM pa3JIH-
tIHH My>KCKOI'O poaa. B03o6JIaaaHHe OKOHt;aHHSI -bi B HMeHHTeJIb-
I E. (D. K a p c K H H. Be.lopycbl, B 2-3, M., 1956, CTp. 134-135.
2 H. H. A y p H 0 B 0. OuepK BCTOpHH pyccKOro lI3blKa, M. - JI., 1924,
CTP. 271.
3 C. II. O6 H O P C K H H. I4MeHHOe CKJIOHeHHe B COBpeMCHHOM pyCCKOM
JIHTepaTypHOM H3bIKe, B. II. JI., 1931, cTp. 99-2106.
4 B. U n b e g a u n. La langue russe au XVI siecle, Paris, 1935,.
p. 143-144.
5 JI. A. B Y JI a X a B c x H H. Kypc pyccxoro JIHTepaTYpxora H3bIKa, TI.,
KHeB, 1'95:3, cTp. 137-138.
6 M. A. K 0 JI 0 COB. O'IepK HCTOpH.H 3BYKOB H 4)OpM PYCCKOPO H3bIKa
c XI no XVI cTOJieT. BapmaBa, 1872, cTp. 110, cTp. 139.
7 U. I. i-I e p H bi X. HCTOpHLIeCKaH rpaMMaTHKa pycc'Koro 513blKa, M.,
1952, cTp. 153-154.
8 K. M e y e r. Historiche GraMmatik der russischen Sprache, erster,.
Band, Bonn, 1923, s. 118.
9 A. H. II a B JI 0 B H Y. HeHanegaTaHHbIfl KYpc JIeXUHIi no CpaBHHTeJIbHOr4
rpaMMBTHKe CJIaBSIHCKHX I13bIKOB, npOiHTaHHbIIi acnHpaHTaM Ka4)eupbl pyCCKO-
ro 513bIKa MFIIH HM. B. H. JIeHHHa B 1956/58 r.r.
10 B. H. C K y n c K H ii. COBna,CIeHHe (4OpM HMeHHTeJIbHoro H BHHHTeJ[bHoro
naJje>KeR MHO>KeCTBeHHOPO uHCJIa y CylleCTBHTeJIbHbIX MY)KCxoro polia B apeB-
HepyCCKOM H3bIKe, M., 1953, cTp. 166-167, 358-359.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
HOM na,i(e}Ke MHO%ecTBeHHOro qHcjia oTMelqaeTCSl H B 1CpyrHx cna-
BAHOKHX 513bIIKax: BOJIbCKOM, geuloKOM, B nOCJIeAHeM onpeAeJlAio-
I11HM SIBJIAeTCi He MOpd)OJIOrHgeCKHIi (4aKTOp, a (cOHeTHgeCKHN.
B CJIOBeHCKOM A3bIKe, Hao60pOT, Ha6moaaeTCH B HMeHHTeJIbHOM
naAe)Ke MHo)KeCTBeHHOI'O gHc is My)KCKOrO poua OKOHgaHHe -H
(Tax}Ke BcJIeACTBHe ()OHeTHqecKHx npHgHH).
BpeMSi HOABJIeHHA 4)JIeKCHH -bl B pa3HbIX H3bIKaX HeOAHHaKO-
Boe. TaK, B 6eJIOpyCCKOM H yKpaHHCKOM 5I3bIKaX OKOH4aHHe -bi
B HMeHHTeJIbHOM naAe)Ke MHO)KeCTBeHHOI'o tiHCJIa oTMegaeTCH
C XV B. I. B 3TOH CBSI3H 3HagHTeJIbHb1I3 HHTepec npe,z cTaBJIHeT
BblBOA B. H. CKynCKorO 2 0 TOM, 'ITO B naMSITHHKaX pyccxoro
513bIKa K KOHIly XIV B. (pOpMa HMeHHTeJIbHOto naAe}Ka yHO%eCT-
BeHHOrO 'HCJIa Ha -H nOBCeMeCTHO 3aMeHHJIaCb (fOpMBMH Ha -bi.
MccJIeAOBaTeJIH AeJIOBbIX AOKyMeHTOB XV H HagaJla XVI BeKOB
TaK)Ke OTMega1OT ulHipOKoe' pacnpOCTpaHeH.He 4)'OPM Ha -bI3.
OAHaKO ynOTpe6JIeHHe (~JIeKCHH -m onpeAeJiSIJIOCb KaK )KaH-
pOM npOH3BeAeHH51, TaK H CTHJIeM. TaK, B no JIaBp. cnHCKy OKOHgaHHe -bi OTMegeHO TOJIbKO B 9 CJIy-
,qaHX (npH 194 4)opMax C OKOH iaHH-eM -H 4). B > OT-
McgaeTCSI H CTapoe, H HOBOe OKOHgaHHe. A. H. KOTJISIpeH'KO OKJIO-
HeH o6'bSPCHATb 3Ty OCO6eHHOCTb TeM, MTO nepenHcgHK HC'nOJIb3O-
BaJI paHHHF TeKCT ( noxa3bl-
BaK)T 3aBHCHMOCTb OKOHgaHHH OT JIeKCHgecKorO 3HageHHSI CJIOBa
H KOHTeKCTa. B naMSITHHKe BCTpegeHa (4JIeKCH51 -H B HMeHHTeJIb-
HOM naame MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO gitcJia, XOTA B pa3rOBOPHOH pegH
BTOpOH IOJIOBHHbl XVI BeKa B HMeHHTeJIbHOM naAe)Ke MHO)KeCT-
BeHHOTO gHc is CyIIleCTBHTeJlbHbIX My)KCK0rO po a TBepAOrO Ba.
pHaHTa rOCHOACTBOBa.io OKOHLIaHHe -bl, TO !nOATBep)KAaeTCSI HC-
CJIeAOBaHHAMH na4 THHKOB XVI B. 6. B 4tKa3aHCKOM JIeTOnHcue>
E. 4). K a p c K H A. Benopycii, M., 1956, B. 2-3, cTp. 136. 0. 11. B e 3-
naAbKO, M. K. BOA9yK, M. A. )KoBT06pIox, C. I1. CaMiiineH-
K 0, Y. 14. T a p a H eH K O. ICTOpH4Ha rpaMMaTHKa yKpaiHCbKOi MOBH. KHeB,
1957, CTp. 1871
2 'B. 14. C K y n C K H A. YKa3. pa6orra, CTp. 359.
3 F. A. M a x a p o 6 A IPA 3 e. CKAOHeHHe HMeH Cyln;eCTBHTeJIbHbIX B MOC-
KOBCKHX AcAOBMX AoKyMeHTax XV BeKa. M., 1954, up. 1160-462.
4 A. A. T e A e )K H H K o B a. CKJIOHeHBa cy1u6CTBHTeJIbHb1X B no JIaBpeHT. cnHCKy. M.,1955, cTp. 194.
5 A. H. K o T A H p e H K 0. c3aaoinwrna3, KaK uaMBTHHK pyCCKOTO H3blKa
KOHUa XIV B. (Y4eHbie 3arlHCKH J1rI1I4, JI., 1956, T. XV, B. 4, cTp. 141).
6 B. M. M a P K O B. (DOpMbI HMQH B H3bIKC CYAe6HHKOB XV-XVI BexoB,
(Y4eHble 3anxcIo Ka3aHCKoro roc. yHH'BepcHTeTa HM. B. H. YAbsrH'osa-JIeHHHa,
T. 1'16, KH. It, 1956, cTp. 63).
M. A. C O K 0 A 0 B a. O4epKH no 513b1Ky AeAOBbiX naMATHHKOB XVI BeKa.
JI., 1957.
C. A. C a' BM I( K a A. 0006eHHOCTH A3biKa nocJla#(Ht1 MBaHa rpo3Horo.
OAecca,,1952, cTp. 123.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
(pJIeKCHH -M OTMe'MeHa B o6HXQILHO-6bITOBOH H AeJIOBOH JIeKCHKe.
HanpHMep: aTaMaHbl y Koero)K,TO Bb nOJIKy, (435); H KOHH H
BeJl6yAbl ero MHO3H nasoma (209); pexoma BOJIXBbI Hama (314);
rpaAbl )Ke H ceJlbl AOCTOSIHie oTEiecTBa Bamero (443) ; ABOpM,
onpHgb 60JIIIHX'b HOJIKOB'b, COeAHHA1O'1HCSI (435); TO BCH CTpaTH-
rH, H MemcTaHbI H MarHCTpbI,... HAHXY CO o6Ha)KeHHbIMH Metii,
(459) ; a uapeBHLIa cbIHa eSl Ha 'pyKax'b inpeA'b Heio HeCSIXy n'CTy-
HM ero (340) ; H nocaAM noropesme (254) ; CbHHMH... nOH LOCTa
H Ka3aHbCK15I nOCJIM (258) Hap.
B CJIOBax uepKOBH0r0 o6Hxoaa HOBOe OKOHgaHHe OTMeueHO
TOJIbKO B OAHOM CJIytIae: HryMeHM BKyne CO apxienHCKOnOM OT-
nyiueH(M) 6blma, (482-483).
(DJIe'KCHSI -M B HMeHHTeJIbHOM naAe)Ke MHO)KeCTBeHHOr0 tiHC-
na HaXOAHT mHpOKOe OTpa3KeHHe B AOKyMeHTaJIbHO-AeJIOBbix na-
MSITHHKax XVI Bexa:1 noc bi (PHB, T. 16, 145, 162, 235, 243);
ropoAbi (PHB, T. 16, 154, 95, 194); ABOpbI (AKTbI nHCU. Aena, 3);
paTMaHbt (PHB, T. 15, 119, 128, 183, 212) ; 6opMHCTpbI (PHB, T. 15,
212) ; xcapxosbi (Ap3. aKTbI, 1,07); nOKOCbI (Ap3. aKTbi, 110, 15,
29, 29, 84, 84) ; npyAbl (Ap3. axTbi, 4'0, 41); aTaMaxbl (Pa3p. np.,
250, 252, 258) ; tiepxacbi (Pa3p. np., 250, 252, 253, 257, 258, 259,
262) ; BOpbI (Pa3p. np., 253, 253, 257, 258, 259, 262) ; TiyHbI (Ap-
XHB CTpoeBa, 415, 554) H T. A.
Ha6JnoaeHHe Haa naMSITHHKaMH BTOpOF3 nOJIO'BHHbI XVI B.
HJIJIIOCTpxpyeT OKOH!tIaTeJibHoe 3aKpenJleHHe I)JIeKCHH M B )KH-
BOM SI3bIKe XVI 'B.
C'(pepa paCnpOCTpaIHeHHSi OKOHHa'HHH -H B nHCNMeHHOM 5I3bIKe
XVI B. 6bIJIa otieHb He3Hat1HTe.nbHoH. B CyAe6HHKaX XV-XVI B. 2
I JIeKCHSI -H OTMetlena TOiJI'bKO B 3-x -cJloBax: noCJIyx, XOJIOn H
THyH. (HaMH B'cTpetiexa c opMia , KTHyHbI>, Apx. CTpoeBa,
cTp. 415, 554. flpocp. B. YH6erayH 3 oTMetiaeT q)OPMy
B !nepB. non. XVI B.). OueBHAHO, B cyAe6H'HKax XV-XVI B. pop-
Ma XTHyHbI>> MO)KeT 6bITb paCCMOTpCHa KaK KaHueJISIpM3M. B ' LIo-
I jinx COfOCTaBJIeHHA npHBJetieH pfA naMATHHKOB BTOpOii HOJIOBHHM
XVI B. PyccKHe aKTM KonexrareHCKoro ropoAcxoro apxxaa (PH6, T. 16, CCI6,
1897); Pycclne aKTM Pe&eJibcKoro ropoACKOro apxnBa (PI-I6, T. 16, 1894);
C. B. B e c ea 0 B C KB A. Ap3aMaccxxe noMembie aKTM, M., 1915, (Ap3. ax-
TM); C. B. B e c e JI 0 B C K H A. AKTM nHCLOBOI'o Ae ia, T. I (M. 1913), (AKTM
nHCU. A.); A. IO In K o B. AKTM XIII-XVII BB., npeACTaBJIeHHMe B Pa3psl HMFi
npHKaa, q. 1, M. 1898, (Paap. np.) ; fl. A. C a A H JC 0 B. OgepKH no HCTOpMH
onpH4HHHM. M., 1950, (Os. HO HCT. onpp.) ; HoaropoAcKHe Ka6aJIbHMe KHHrM
1697, 1599-1600 r. (PH6, T. 15, 1894) ; ApXHB H. M. C T p o e B a (PH6, T. 32,
1916), MaCJIOBCKHII apxiB (1569-1631) , M.,'1916, COgHHeHHH A. K y p 6 c K o-
r o (PHB, T. 31, CII6, 1914), COUHHeHHH H. II e p e c B e T o B a (M.-JI.,
1956) - Coq. Ilep.)
2 B. M. M.a p KO B. QD'opMM HMeBD B H3bIKe cyAe6HK100B XV-XVI B.
Yq. 3an. Ka3auCKoro roe. yHHBepCHTeTa, K.,1956, T.112, B. II, CTP. 64.
3 B. U n b e g a u n. La langue russe au XVI siecle, Paris, 1935,
p. 167.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
MOCTpoe> 1 CTapa5I (4JIeKCHR -H OTMeL1eHa JIHIIIb OT 5 CJIOB: aH-
reJrb, 61Cb, AHABOJI, A'bMOH'b, OptJI'b. Ce'MaHTHKa CJIOB AlaeT B03-
MO)KHOC'Tb npei[noJIo)KHTb, TITO OKOHqaHHe -H 6OJiee yCTOI3KIHBO B
uepKOB'HO-KHH}KHO13 JIeKOHKe. B KKa3aHCKOM JIeTOnHCue> (popMbl
Ha -H TaK>Ke B'CTpeT3eHbI B CJIOBax uepKOBHoro o6Hxoaa:
Te6e 605ITua allrejiti H yxcacaiOTCSi XepyBHMH H cepaenMH H
BCx TBapb Tpeneujerb (398); H BHAe aHBHoe IIIORo, Sixo... anocTO-
JIH HeTpv H fIaBemrb... HeH3peTIeHHbIMb CB'13TOMb OCi5IeMH (423);,
He 6o cTpa,ranie npHi5rma a'ujiOCTOJIH CB ITiH, (384).
c JIeKCH5i -H coxpaHSIeTC51 TaK}Ke B uepKOBHO-RHH}KHbIX KOH-
TeKCTaX: TpeneT'b npiMyTb OT'b Te6e XOJIMH (416) ; H jjawAb c.aa-
By HMeHH TBoeMy, FocnOAH, H Aa nOC'TbIASITua BCH CyfOCTaTH Ha-
HIH, (280); H 65IXy Haa iloHjecx HeBbrJlacH Ha 6oraTCTBO cBoe, a
He Ha Bora (M., 198); 3Bepie H nCH n05IAMT'b TeJncca HX'b (316)
H jjp. (OT nocjiejjjiero cynjecTBHTeJlbHoro apxaHgeCKaaa (1)JIekcH51
coxpaHeHa B cpaBHeHHSIX: 5IK0 RCN (375), MKO nCH. rJiaAHH Aa
JIH}KyIOTb 3eMJI10 5I3bIKH CBOHMH, (432). Ho B ~ie,no6HTHOK
H. C. fIepecHeToBa HaxoaHM: 5IK0 rJIaAHble ncbl (243).
(I>J(eKCHK) -H coxpaHSleT H cyujecTBHTeJIbHoe pa6-b (7 CJIy-
T{aeB) : jja H -Mbl HejjOCTOHHH pa6H H BHjjtBIHe npeCJlaBHa5I 4K)Aeca
(416); BJIaaugHue, ...TBOH 6o ecMH pa6H (438) H jjp.
M. E. 'CeMH'H 'OTMegaeT HaJIHgHe ())OpMbI B XVIII B. H
CgHTaeT, 11TO cf opMa upa6H>> 5iBJISIe'TCSI 2. OjjHaKO, BHjjH-
MO, 4 OpMy c 60JIbIUHM OCHOBaHHeM MO)KHO paccMaTpH
BaTb KaK uepKOBHOCJIaBHHI43M 3 H HO q)OHe'THTgecKHM HpH3HaKaM
(-pa B HaTIajie CJIOBa) H HO ceMaHTHKe: O4eHb T-IaCTO cyujeCTBH-
TeJIbHoe MOrJIO 6bITb BCTpeTIeHO B cogeTaHHH KiH>.
I'ITaK, COBepIHeHHO OTIe'BHaIiO, T1TO B TaKMKe OTMe'IeHa B KHCTOpHH 0 BeJIHKOM KHSI3e
MOCKOBCKOM> A. Kyp6CKOrO: XpHCTIHHCKIH MKe BOHHH conpolnallia-
CH C-b HHMH Kp'bnue (306) ; SI3bIKY 'BTOpOii n'OJIOBHHbI XVI BeKa
()OpMa 6bIJIa H3BeCTHa. B , XOTSi, KKa3aHCKHH JIeTO'nHceu;o 'BO3HHK AB'yMH CTO-
JIeTHSIMH 'n03)Ke.
CBHCTSHUme cor.IaCHble Ha McCTe 3aAHes3bI4HbIX 3aCBHAe-
TeJIbCTBoBaHbl y cyiueCTBHTeJIbHbIX, OTHOC51MHXCH K peJIHFHO3HOll
c4epe: H T'h, rocyzLapb, CBSITiH ucnOB1 HHUW... He Hanxeaxbl we
(493); OBorAa we BHAaxy, s1KO CBSIH(eHHgbI Ha MICTe TOM-b noslxy
H KaAHxy (391).
B Apyrxx cjiy4aHX 4lOpMbI CO CBHCTHU[HM COrJIaCHbLM ynOT-
pe6JIHK)TCSI B uepKOBHO-KHH)KHOM KOHTeKCTe: MbI }Ke, ...BbICbIHOB-
JIeHH eMy CBHTbIMb KpelueHieM b, HaCTOJIHHgbI eCMSl npapoAHTe-
JIeH CBOHX'b 6orOBeH4aHHbIXb uapeH (448) ; He 6o CTpa.I aHie np1SI as
a1TOCTOJIH CBSITIH H MyyeHHUhl (384); 'CIH 4yejioBeubi He )noJIo)KHuia
Bora nOMOIuHHKa oe6b (468) ; 4,eJiOB'1'iubl BoroM'becTe COTBO'peHbl
(467) ; Bowe, 5[3blubl noraHiH npiH,uoula B-b ROCTOHHie TBOe
(279); 60}Kieio MHJIOCTiIO, H npexenopO4HbI5I ero MaTepe Boropo-
AHua nOMOI.LiIO, H BC1;X CBSITbIX-b MOJIHTBaMH, Bpa3H HaiuH H3He-
Moroma (463) H Ap.
B OTAeJIbxbIX c iygaix LpopMa Bpa3H ynoTpe6JIHeTCSl no Tpa-
AHuHH: cJlbIiuauje Bpa3H ero (266); BocTalua Ha Mx Bpa3H Moll
Ka3aHubl... (377) ; Ha MH 6o meriTaxy BCH Bpa3H MoH. ` (308) .
KpoMe Toro, CBHCTHIuxe coriiaCHbie 6JIaroaapcl JIHTepaTypx0I3
TpaAHUHH COxpaxexbl B TaKHX npHMepaX: H notiama 5ITI4CH aKH
rJlaAHbie BQJlgbl (358) ; I4CMHTOmac5i noJlubl, (235); 14 npH6'roma
B'hCTHHu61> (203); -H npHCTynxma K. HeH uapeBbl OTpOUbI (342)
H Ap. 4 OpMbI CO CBHCTHIIHM COrJIaCHbIM BO BTOpOiI nOJIOBHHe
XVI BeKa, 'B03MIO}KHO, CJieayeT paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK 1jepKOBHOCJIa-
BHHI43MbI.
I'IHTepeCHO, 4T0 CyujeCTBHTeJIbHOe K$3bI'K'b> CO 3HageHHeM
KHapoA'b>\ McHHeT 3aAHeH3bI4HbIIl COrJIaCHbII3 Ha CBHCTHIuHH: OT'b
JIHua TBoero Sl3bIubI B03MyTHTCH (416) HKO B-b noCJIeAHHSI JI-hTa
COeAHHHTua Bce 513bIubI (352) H ap., a npH ynOTpe6JleHHH
CJIOBa KH3bIK'b> B JIHHrBHCTH4eCKOM 3Ha'4eHHH CoxpaHeH 3aAHe-
H3bI4HbIi'i cor.naCHbIIi:
JBe 6o I-IepeMHCbI (6b) B'b Ka3aHCKOfi o6JIaCTH SI3bIKH HX'b
Tp'H, ieTBepTbI }Ke H.3bIK BapsapcxiH (303-304). Bo3MO}KHO,
COXpaHeHHIO 3aAHe5l3bI4HOro COrJIaCHOro- cnocO'6CTBOBaJIO co4e-
4eTaHHe C'HMeHeM 4,HCJIHTeJIbHbIM.
. TaKHM 06pa3oM, B KKa3aHCKOM JleTonHCUe> '4)OpMW Ha -3H,
-qH, -CH oTMe4eHbi, CC OAHOH (CTOpOHbI, B CJIOBa'X I.jepKOB.HOrO o6H-
xoAa, 'B KOHTeKCTaX peJIHrHO3HO-TOp)KeCTBeHHOrO xapaKTepa, c
ApyrOH, -BB orpaHH4eHHOII rpynne CJIOB THna KnOJIKb>, KBOJIK'b>>
,H AP., COXpaHHBmHX CBHCTHUZm3 corJlacxb1I%I '6JiaroaapH AHTepa-
TY HO Tpa.'HuHH. BCe 9TH cf OpMbI B JIHTepaTypno-xyuo)KecTBe'H-
HbIX npOH3BeaeHHSIX, BHAHMO, HCnOJIb3y1OTCSI KaK CBoeo0pa3H'Oe
CTHJIHCTH4eCK0e CpeACTBO.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
4DOPMbI CO CBHCTHLUHM COFJIaCHbIM 4pe3BbI4aHHO ~LH1POKO
npeACTaBJReHbI B (a nepenHCKe
uapsl UBaxa IV c A. Kyp6CKHM H B < I4CTOpHH 0 BeJIHKOM KHH3e
MOCKOBCKOM>>).
11pHBeAeM HeKOTOpble npHMepbI: 4eJIOBeKoyrOAHH'Ubt (270,
19, 169) ; pa36oAHHubI (37, 39) ; Kdp4eMHHubI (52) ; HacTaB'H,HUbl
(71) ; My4eHH1jbI (7-2); 'npopoubi (7'2, 78, 153, 154) ; x3blubl (75,
119) ; B'bCTHHUbl (78) ; }KepTBeHH-HUbl (80) ; COB'hTHHUbI (144) ; n'o-
CJIyLUHHUbI (164) ; CBHIUeHHHUbI (81, 81) ; naTpiapCH (86); Ha-
tlaJlbHHubl (91) ; CIIOCJI'I;JLHHUbl (109); CnyTHHubI (109); COB'FTHH-
ubl (172, 246) ; Apy3H (214, 246, 448) ; H3blUbI (254) ; KJIeBeTHH-
ubI (264); 4eJloBbubl (49, 113, 121, 215, 242, 274, 316, 463, 378,
318) ; BOJIubi (311y; y4eHHubI (339) ; rlpOpoubi (391) ; CXH3MaTH-
LLbI (421) ; MygeHaubi (439) ; MHHCH (320, 339) ; CpOAHHUbI (281) ;
pa36oHHHUbI (318) ; CBHLUeH'HHubI (108); CBHIueHHOHa4aJIbHHub1
(108) ; npieMHHub1 (108) ; Bpa3H (447, 456) ; 'Ha4aJlbHH1Lbl (463) ;
epeTHLLbI (464); y4eH'HUbl (464); npHCTa'BHHubI (75); 4apOBHHilbl
(261); noABHSH (250); COBtTHHIW (144) H Ap.
(DOp,Mbl Ha -3H, -IH, -CH, O4eBHAHO, BbIrIOJIHHJIH OnpeAeJleH-
Hue CTHJIHCTH4eCKHe $YHKUHH. CTHJIH'CTH4eCKaH POJIb (1OPM CO
CBHCTSILU'HM COTJIaCHBIM OCo6eHHO HPKO nPO$IBJIHeTCH TIpH COno-
CTaBJIeHHH C a'HaJIorH4HbIM?H CJIOBaMH Ha 3aJLHeB3bl4HbIIi corJiac-
HbIII: H HeCT$DKaTeJIbHO MHHCH npH6bIBaJIH; (11cT. 0 BeJI. KHH3e,
320) ; H 'BHARiue ero TaMO )K-HByW1H MHHCH, HaPOYHTbUI H AO'6po-
}KHTeJIbHble My}Kie (14CT. O Belt. KHH3e, 339). Ho: 14. o ceM'b na4e
JIyKaBbISI MHHXH 3aBHCTHIO
pa3ceAaeMH
6bIJIH...
(14CT.
o Ben. KHH-
JIyKaBbIA MHHXH 3aBHCTIIO
pa3CeAaeMH
6bIJIH...
(1ICT. 0
BeJi. KHfI3e,
339) ; KaKO }Ke Tpie naTplapCH Co6pau1aCSI CO MHO}KeCTBOM CBHTH-
TeJIet3 Kb HegecTHIBOMy 6eo9HJIy uapio (PHB, T. 31, 85); Ho:
11a?piapxH xce, Co6paB'IIIHCb Ha eAHHO MtCTO H H36paB iH Ha TO
npellpe4eHHbIX OHBIX'b aBy My>KeH, ... (Tam xKe, 483).
IflpHBeAeHHbie UpHMepbl yKa3bIBaloT, 4TO ())OpMbI CO CBHCT51-
1UHM, CorJIaCHbIM, -KaK npaBHJIO, BbICTynalOT B peJIH'rHO3HO-TOP-
}KeCTBe'HHOM KOHTeKCTe. CTHJIHCTH4eCKa5I A'H44)(4epeHuHauHH ma-
Ha Aa)Ke B 'npeAeJlax OAHOr0 fpelJIO}KeHHSl: 'H COnpOTHBHHKH Lla-
PeBbI H Bpa3H KpeCTa XpHCTOBa na.axy, a ApyriH nOKapxxYcsl
(I'IcT. 0 Beli. KH. MocK., 246).
B H3bIKe .ZLeJIOBbIX nHCbMeHHbIX inaMSITHHKO'B XVI BeKa (Pop-
MbI CO CBHCTSIIUHM COrJIaCHbIM npeACTaBJIeHbI B Or aHH4eHHOM
KOJIH4eCTBe. B. M. M a P K o B 1 B H3bIKe KCyAe6HHKa 1589 r.>> OT-
Me4aeT TOJIbKO (JOPMY >. B H3bIKe K,aOMOCTpoD > 2 -
, , . E1LHHH4Hble npH-
Mepbl CO CBHCTHLUHM COrJIaCHbIM OTMe'eHbl H B npOCMOTpeHHbIX
I B. M. M a P K 0 B. (DOPMbi HMeH B H3bIKe CYAe6HHKOB XV-XVI B., M.,
195'3, CTp. 209-210.
2 C. )I. H H K H 4) 0 p 0 B. H3 Ha6Ai0AeHHA HaA H3bIKOM CAoMOCTpOHO no
KOHn1HHCKOMY CIIHCKY, Y4eHbie 3anHCKH neAarorH9ecKoro HHCTHTYTa HMeHH
B. H. JIeHma, M., 1947, T. XLI1, cTp. 57.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
AeJIOBbIX AOKyMeHTaX: H HaIHH 6bI Hezpy3H, YBHJj5 TO H yCJIbI-
IHaB'b, 6b1JIH Bb BeJIHKOM'b OT'b Haub CTpaXOBaHb'I (PHB, T. 16,
226); 14 BbI, TOR 4eCTHbIR o6HTeJIH CBAUjeHHOHHOIjbI HHOljbl,' H
CBs eHHHIjbI... 4THTe ero H CJlyHIaIITe (Apx. CTp., 679).
IHHpOKO pacnpoCTpaHeHa (popMa B TaKOYI
CpopMyJie: HaMeCTHHIjbl HaHIH H BOJIOCTeJIH Ham H Hx"b THyHbI
...KpecTbIH'b He CyART'b (Apx. CTP., 554).
B 1597 r. H 1599-
1600 IT. HeOaHOKpaTHO HO TpaAHUHH nOBTOp5eTC51 cpopMy.na:
KaT'b TpaBHbI BeJIMH H KpaCHbI (303) H AP.
B AeJ1OBO1 IHCbMeHHOCTH 3aAHe53bI4Hbie corjlaCHble, KaK
npaBHJIO, coxpaHHIOTcH. Ilpo(p. M. A. COKOJIOBa 1 oTMe4aeT Ha-
JIH4He 3aJ[He5T3bI4HbIX COrJIaCHbIX B ?noJiaBJIH}OU eM 60JIbIIIHHCTBe
CJIy4aeB B 93blKe .
I M. A. B e c e ji 0 B a. CKJIOHeHHe HMeH cyu(eCTBHTenbHNX B AeJ1OBbIX
JiOKyMeHTaX MOCKOBCKHX IIPHKa3OB nepaoA IIOJIOBHHbl XVII Bexa, M., 1955,
CTp. 277.
2 H. B. R r H 4. KpHTH4eCKHe 3aMeTKH n0 HCTOpHH pyCCKoro g3blKa, CII6,
1889, CTp. 78.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B aoxyMeHTaJIbHo-,TleJIo'Bbix naMSITHHKaX BTOPOH rIOJIOBHHbI
XVI BeKa (4OP!MbI Ha -rH, -KH, -XH pacnpocTpaHeHbl O4eHb IIIIi-
p01Ko. B : a HanpaB'h 3eMJISI H JIyrH H BCSIKO'h
yroAb5... (23). * KpoMe TOTO, OTMeqeHbI TaKHe (p'OpMbI: nOMeIILHKH
(62, 72, 163) ; 60pTHHKH (65, 68) ; npHKa3uuHKH (58, 65, 113) ;
o6J[orH (84) ; nJleMSIHHHKH (179) H Ap.-B > HaxoAHM: Ka3aKH (178, 255, 262);
II,'I'hJiosaJlbHHKH (230, 192, 153, 230); 3aTHHu HKH (256); pa36oH-
HHKH (196, 155) ; M'bpMHKH (167, 229, 234, 238, 242, 268, 271,
336) ; OKJIaAgHKH (248) H Ap. B : TaMO>KHHKH (427); npHKa3vHKH (431); npaBeAHHK'H (453);
AOBOAgHKH (453); O6pO'KH (473); ue.IOBaJIb'HBKH (468); 3ae3n(H-
KB (46,0); aeCgTHJIHHKH (460) 'H T. A. B PYCCKHX aKTax PeBeJIb-
CKOro apxIiBa: nocaAHHKH (128, 119, 180, 183, 212) ; JiOnaTHHKH
(120, 145); HaM'L'iCTHHKH (138); nOJIOHSIHHKH (205)'; nOCJIaHHKH
(207, 210) ; noMf:,i iK'H (210) ; Ka3aKH (215) H T? A.
(DO'PMbI Ha -rH, -KH, -XH B ReJIO'BbIX AOKyMeHTaX BCTpeLIe-
HbL H B CJIOBaX uepKOBHOrO o6HxoAa: B Max (POP-
HMeHHTeJIbHOr0 naAexca MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO 'IHCJIa B HMeHaX
OCHOB Ha -0, -y H Ha COFJ1aCHbII3 OTMe'IeHO oKOHTIaHHe -OBe. Bo-
npoc 0 npOHCxo KAeHHH ()OPM Ha -OBe B CyII(eCTBHTeJIbHbIX My}K-
CKOrO poAa peuiaeTCSI B AByx acneKTax. AKaA? A. A. IIIaxMaTOB 2
rOBOPHT 0 TOM, 'TO 0$OH'IaHHe -OBe BCTpe'aeTCSI B HMeHaX Co
3Ha4eHHeM 01[yIIeBJIeHHOCTH. Ha OCHOBe Ha6Jno LeHHfi HaA OKOH-
'IaHHeM -OBe B pa3JIH'IHbIX CJIaBSIHCKHX 5I3bIKaX 'H Ha OCHOBe HC-
I M. A. C o K 0A 0 B a. OuepKH HO 513bIKy AenoB6lx namSITHaxoB XVI B.
JI., 1957, CTp. 126.
2 A. A. III a R M a TO B. l4cTOpHveCKasI MopcpwrorHB PYCCKoro B3}JKa, M.,
1957, cTp. 232-233; 260-263.
21-328 321
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CJIeAOBaHHR naM5ITHHKOB XI-XIV B. M. A. Kapxcosa 1 B AHecep
TaUHH, nOCBSIIueHHOH CKJIOHeHHIO Ha -y, npHXOAHT K BbIBOAy, 4TO
npH J05IBJIeHHH OKOHqaHHH -OBe.B pa3HbIX CJIOBBX, He O'THOC51MHX-
CH K CKJIOHeHH1O Ha -y, onpeAeJi iiouiee 3Ha4eHHe HMeJ10 KOJIH4e-
CTBO CJIOrOB, T. e. BeAyuiHM 6bIJi CHJIJia6H4eCKHI3 HpHHuHn,
a ceMaHTH4eCKHYI HpHHuHn (3Ha4:eHHe oaymeBJIeHHOCTH) HrpaJi
BTOpOCTeneHHYIO pOJIb. Ho Ha6nIoAeHH1o M. A. Kap5COBOi3,
OKOH'4aHue -oBe 'Haute 'BCTpe4aeTC51 Y HMeH, o,603HatialoluHX Ha3-
BaH'HH HapOAOB H nJleMeH, McHee paenpoCTpaxeno y CJIOB CO
3Ha4eHHeM JIHU no COILHaJIbHOMy H CJlyxce6HOMy noJloxceHHlo,
Ha3BaHHHX )KHBOTHbIX H Y HeOAyweBJIeHHbIX Cy1ueCTBHTeJIbHbIX 2.
K XIV 'B. (pJIeKCHR -OBe 3aKpenHJlaCb 3a JIH4HbIMH HMeHaMH Myx4-
cxoro poaa.
IIpocp. B. YH6erayH 3 yKa3bIBaJI, LITO B 513bIKe nepsoH nOJIO-
BHHbI XVI BeKa cf JIeKCHR -OBe XapaKTepH3yeT, rJIaBHbIM O'6pa3oM,
rpynny 3TH'H4eCKHX HMeH (TaTapose, yrpoBe, c)p5I30Be, rpeKOBe).
B OKOHLIaHHe -oB'e B 1J0pMe HMeHH-
TeJIbHOrO naae?Ka CyuieCTBHTeJIbHbIX My}KCKOro por a Ha6JIlo)JaeT--
C5I B HMeHax, o603Ha'Ia1OHiHX JIHu no HX OCHOBHOMy 3aHRTHIO
(Bpa4ese, noCJIOBe, pb160JIOBe, yJIaHOBe), Ha3Baxxe HapOAHOCTH
(TaTapOBe), B cyuieCTBHTeJIbHOM CbIH"b (3 p.), B HeoayLucBJ1eH-
HbIX CyuUeCTBHTeJIbHbIX (caaOBe, CTHXOBe, Tpy LoBe) . HanpHMep:
H BpaqeBe ?Ke'H BOJIbXBbI He B03MO(ro) Ina orb 51351 TOR HCueJIHTH
ero, (237) ; 14 cHM'b JlnUeaieM'b oMa (Hyena) ero noc.no (Be): (285) ;
H 3ac,nblmaB'IUe 'BeCTb orb uapR pbi6oJloBe npHuleJu nylo, npo
ce4io B-b Ka3aHH (244) ; YJIaHOBe )Ke H KH513H H MYP3bI Bee...
pa3+:,exauIec5i no AOM (OM)'b CBOHM'b, (29,0); TaTapoBe xce
XOTR//Xy y6HTH ero: (327) ; H Ty 65iXy// C'b HHM b H1 KOTOpble Ta-
TapoBe (462) H Ap.
CyIuecTBHTeJlbxoe > 7, B 8. (DOpMbI , HamIJIH OTpa}Ke'HHe H B HpOCMOTpeHHbIX HaMH
)jeJIOBbIX naMBTHHKaX BTOpOII HOJIOBHHbl XVI BeKa: a C-b HaMH
MHOrHe BOHHCKHe JIIOJ[H MHOrHX-b 3eMeJIb TorapoBe, (PUB, T. 15,
204); A Bb 06bICKy CTOpOHHiH OKOJIbHble JIIO,aH... TaTapoBe H
MOPJ[Ba (Ap3. aKTbI, 5) ; 6HJIH tieJIOM b... TaTapOBSI (Ap3. aKTbI,
134); TaTapOB9... C TosapbrIUH (Ap3. aKTbI, 134); TaTapOB9... H 130
BCHKie yrOJjbH He B'bCTynaJIHCH (Ap3. aKTbI, 134) ; a xopoMbl Ha
HHX'b c0}KrJIH TaTapOBSI (Pa3p. rip., 184).
OT apyrHX cynjeCTBHTeJlbHbIX 4)OpMbI HMeH?H'TeJIbHoro naJje-
}Ka Ha -OBe B aeJIOBbIX j[OKyMeH.Tax npeJ1cTaBJIeHbI eJjHHH'qHbIMH
I A. III H P 0 K 0 B a. OtlepK rpaMMaTHKH 9eIIICKoro 593blKa, M., 1952,
cTp. 47.
2 A. A. III a x m a T 0 B. HCTOpHgeCKaa MOp(1)OJIorHH pYCCKOrO B3bIKa, M.,
1957, cTp. 2162.
3 H. B. SI r H 'I. KpHTHtieCKHe 3aMeTKH HO HCTOpHH pyCCKOro B3bHKa, Bap-
HlaBa, 1899, CTp. 50.
4 C. Il. 0 6 H 0 p C K H N. HMeHHOe CKJIOHeHHe B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM
N3biKe, B. II, A., 1931, cTp. 75.
5 E. C. M a r y p a. MOP(I 001OrHtIeCKHe OCO6eHHOCTH H3blKa KCKOro
JleronncHOro cBoaa>, XapbxoB, 1953, cTp. 24.
6 M. A. B e c e JI 0 B a. CKJIOHeHHe HMeH CyIJIeCTBHTeJIbHbIX B J[eJIOBbIX
AOKyMeHTax MOCKOBCKHX npHKa30B nepaou HOJIOBHHbI XVII BeKa, M., 1955,
CTp. 297.
7 Ff. 5I. LI e p H bI x. SI3bIK YJIO)KeHHH 1649 r., M., 1953, cTp. 167.
8 H. E. C e m H H. HMeHHoe CKJIoHeHHe B CIIHCbMax H 6yMarax fleTpa I>,
Kyf6., 1953, cTp. 227.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
npHMepaMH: CbIHOBe (Apx. CTp. 1, 447) ; naHOBe (P14B, T. 16,
103); CBaTOBbI (Pa3p. np., 215); B uoc.neAHeM cJiy4ae
CKa3aJIoCb BJIHRHHe OKOH4aHHR -bI HMeHHTeJibHOro riaAexca M'HO-
)KeCTBeHHoro 4HCJIa OCHOB Ha 0 1.
3Ha4HTejib'HO iuxpe Kpyr CJIOB C OKOH4aHHeM -OBe/ -OBA B
K14CTOpHH 0 BeJIHKOM KHH3e MOCKOBCKOM;~: SIKO H BpayeBe A'h-
.naioT-b (169); 'H npitexawa nocJ1OBe OT'b HHXIb, npocxuue MHpy
(227); corJlacRCV BC'S KOpoaeBe 3anaAHble (253); xxce ecTe cbi-
HOBe y6iHuoB'b HcnoB'bJ. aloulec1 (273) ; COWhTOBaJIH eMy cHHrJIH-
TOBe He HCXOAHTH OTTyAbI (218); a TaTapOBA Cb CT+:,H'b no6ero-
uia, (196) ; nOTOM b nHTauia ero BeJIlgHe ropabie naHbI; no HXb
RsblKy 6os1poBe (165) H ap.
B CauHHeHHHX M. C. flepecBeTOBa: )KHAose xce )KepTBbI He
TBOPHT (123),cyiuee we JIIOAHe Bo rpaae, rpexH H (bpsirOBA (127).
(bpsiroea (140) H Ap?
TaKHM o6pa3oM, B KKa3aHCKOM JIeTOnHCH;e>> B HMeHHTeJIbHOM
naLexce MHO}KeCTBeHH,o'rO 4HcJIa 4 JIeKCHH -OBe 3aCIBHAeTeJIbCT-
BoBaHa KaK B OAyUIeBJIeHHbIX, TaK H HeoJLyHIeBJIeHHbIX HMeHaX
O-OCHOB (Bpaiib, yJIaH-b, pb160JiOB-b 2, caab, CTHX-b, TpyA'b), TaK
H B CymeCTBHTeJibHOM C OCHOBOH Ha corJiaCHbIH (TaTapHH'b). Bo
BTOpOH noJIOBHHe XVI BeKa ()OpMbI Ha -OBe RBJIRIOTCB npHHaA-
JIe}KHOCTbIo JIHTepaTypHO-Xyao)KeCTBeHHb1x naMHTHHKOB. )1(HBOH
pe4H BTOpOH nOJIOBHHbI XVI BeKa ()OpMbI Ha -OBt He 6bIJIH H3-
BeCTHbI. 14CKJIIOgeHHe, BIIAHMO, COCTaBJIIeT cj opMa TaTapOBe (Ta-
TapOBR) OTMegeHHaR B 6OJIbLIIHHCTBe nHCbMeHHbIX naMSITHHKOB.
PYCCKOMY JIHTepaTypHOMy H3bIKy H3BeCTHa TOJIbKO 4)OpMa KXO-
3HeBa> H3 : Bo rpa.e Ka3aHH 3BOH-b B'b KOJIOKOJIa (395).
OKOHgaH?He -a B cyIL eCTBHTeJIbHOM B HMeHHTeJIbHOM-BHHHTeJIbHOM rialle)Kax
MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO 4HCJIa B XI-XIV BexaX Ha6JllouaeTC$ C ()Jiex-
cxer=i -a, -H, -bi, tiTO inoATBepxKAaeT rlpeAn0Ji0}KeHHe 0 lnp'HHaA-
JIe}xHOCTH cyWeCTBHTeJIbHoro 1.
B AeJIOBbIX naMHTHHKaX BTOpOFI nOJIOBHHbI XVI BeKa OTMe-
'leHO HeCKOJIbKO 4J0pM C cpJIeKCHeli -a. HanpHMep: 3eMJI5i, H OKO-
JIHua, H Jlyra, H BCAKie yroab5l H aO KyTH iHOJIH IZaBJia BacHJibeBa
CbIHa YBapoBa (Ap3. AKTbI, 76) ; H Ha KOJIOKO.IIHHUe KOJIOKOJIa
Bee CTpOeHbe MHp'CKoe BOJIOCHbIX JIIOaeH (AKTbI nHCU? aejia,
1583, 1) (Y npocp. B. YH6erayna c opMa Kax
BCTpeqena H cJopMa Kax oTMetiena ccopMa KecTBeHHOro iiHcjia OKOH-
gaHHe -e, pa3BHBuieec5i nOR BJIHHHHOM -'. BHHHTeJIbHOro naaexca.
Cpeai4 rnpH(Mepo.B IHaxoaHM: lese- (1B. 11 83 cyxoBo'JI1), lase.
B CyLUeCTBHTeJIbHbIX cpeanero poaa TaxaB 3aMeHa, 6e3yCJIOBHO,
HeB03MO>KHa. KpoMe Toro, H3 BCeX CJIaBHHCKHX 513bIKOB cpopMa
ieso>> OTMeueHa TOJIbKO B HI4>KHeJIy>KHUKOM H3bIKe 6, HO B TOM
>Ke H3bIKe HeT 4JOpMbl RJISI BOHHTHSI (njleTeHb, peLuOTKa H
T. R.) 7. He 6bIJIO JIH B ORHOM CJIOBe o6'beaHHeHH51 JBYX 3Hage-
HHH?1
I T. A. 14 B a HO BB a, I4CTOpH51 4)OpMbI HMeHHTeJIbHoro nag'e)Ka MHO>KeCT-
BeMBorO gHcjia HMeH cyIHcCTBHTeJIbHbIX My>KCKOPO poAa Ha -a, M., 1944, cTp. 51.
2 FI. 51. LI e p H bI X. 513bIK YJIO>KeHHB 1649 roaa. M., 1953, crp. 397.
3 H. E. C e M H H. HMeHHOe CKJIOHeHHe B ApaMa, - 6aCHH, MaTepHa.l CaTHPH4eCKHX }KypHa-
JIOB, Hay4HO-ny6JIHIZHCTH4eCKa$I nPo3a, nepeBOAHasI JIHTepaTypa,
3HHCTOJI51pHbIH }Kane HAP.)
KaK OTMevaJIOCb, aAubeKTHBHble CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHSI C 3aBHCH-
MbIM HMeHeM CYIU CTBHTeJIbHbIM (HJIH McCTOHMeHHeM) B AaTeJib-
HOM naAexce HY)KHO npH3HaTb CaMbIM paCrIPOCTpaHeHHbIM THHOM
aA,beKTHBHbIX CJIOBOCOUeTaHHfI, () YHKI[HOHHPY1OU HX B pYCCKOM
H3biKe XVII-XVIII BB.
TaK, HaC4HTbIBaeTCSI CBbIIIIe 1260 HPHMepOB C AaTeJIbHbIM
6ecnpeAJlo}KHbIM, LITO COCTaBJISIeT 6o.nee 650/0 H3 4HCJIa Bcex
6ecnpeAJIO}KHbix aA-beKTHBHbIX KOHCTpyKuHfi; CJIOBO004eTaHHII C
I CM. OnpeAeneHHe 9THX nOHBTHFI (ynOTpe6HTe.IbHOCTb H nPOAYKTHBHOCTb~
B CT. H. H. H P O K 0 n 0 B H 9 a 4CI'I3 Ha6JIIOAeHHN Haa CHHTaKCHCOM HMeHH
npHJlaraTejlbHOrO B COBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM B3bIKe>, YUeHble 3anHCKH MrIIH
HM. B. 14. JIeHHHa, XXXIX, 1956, CTp. 104. CM. TaK?Ke ero: A1IbeKTHBHb[e CJIO-
B0004eTaHHSI B OOBpeMeHHOM PYCCKOM B3bIKe, i[OKTOp. AHccepran;HB, M., 1955 r.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
pOJLHTe.IbHbIM 6eCnpeJLJ10}KHbIM COOTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBJ1HIOT
160/o; C TBOPHTCJIbHbIM 6eCnpeLJIO}KHbIM - 19 %.
KpoMe TOM, 3TO - }KHBOH, npOAyKTHBHbIH THn, TaK KaK
CpaBHHTeJIbHO 6oJIb1HOH Kpyr HMCH npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX o6JIaJLaeT
CHO006HOCTbKO ynpaBJISITb HMeHeM CyHLeCTBHTeJIbHbIM B aaTeJIb-
HOM naie}Ke 6e3 npe.ILJIOra. rIOJLo6HbIX npHJlaraTeJIbHbIX - CBbI-
we 170 (6e3 nOBTOPHKOll HXCH npHMepOB). 3TO COCTaBJISIeT 69%
OT o6iuero 4HCJia 6ecnpeJLJIO}KHbIX cogeTaHHH, TorAa KaK CogeTa-
HHH C pOJLHTeJIbHb1M 6ecnpeAJIO}KHbIM - OKOJIO 10%, C TBOPH-
TeJIbHbIM 6ecnpeAJIO}KHbIM - 210/0.
B JLaHHOH CTaTbe paccMaTPHBaeTCSI He60JIbUIOfI Kpyr Bonpo-
COB, CB513aHHbIX C HaJ1HTIHeM H (JyHKILHOHHpOBaHHeM B PyCCKOM
H3bIKe XVII - XVIII BB. yKa3aHHOrO THna aA'beKTHBHbIX CJIOBO00-
lieTaHHH. 3TH BOnpoCbl CJIeJLyIolILHe: 1) KaKOBbI ynOTpe6HTeJlb-
HOCTb H HPOAyKTHBHOCTb Ha3BaHHOH KOHCTPYKI.LHH B PYCCKOM H3bl-
Ke XVII-XVIII BB.? 2) KaKHe (JaKTOpbI BJIHHIOT Ha ynoTpe6H-
TeJIbHOCTb yKa3aHHbIX CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHH? 3) B KaKOfI CTeneHH BO-
IipOC 0 POCTe npeJLJIO}KHbIX KOHCTPyKILHH 3a CLIeT 6eCnpeAJIO}KHbIX
OTHOCHTCH K paCCMaT'PHBaeMbIM CJIOBocogeTaHHHM? (I'IMeeTCH B
BHAy ynOTpe6JIeHHe pOJjHTe.IbHoro naAe}Ka c npe1LJloroM ) .
PaCCMOTpeHHe Aaxce OTaeJIbHbIX, 'IaCTHbIX BOnpOCOB HOMO-
raeT BbISICHeHHIO 061ILHX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH pa3BHTHH pa3HbIX BH-
JLOB H THROB CJIOBOCO~IeTaHHf, B KOTOpbIX KHPOHBJIHeTCH HaLLHO-
HaJIbHaH CneLLH(JHKa 3I3bIKa>> 1.
I'IMeHa npHJlaraTeJIbHble B pa36HpaeMblX CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHHX
yHOTpe6JIH10TCH KaK B nOJIHOH, TaK H KpaTKOH (JopMax. rlpHgeM
qaCTb npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX ynOTpe6JIHeTCH B OJLHOfI (popMe - HJIH
TOJIbKO B KpaTKOH, HJIH TOJIbKO B nOJIHOH.
B LLaHHOH pa60Te paccMaTpHBaloTCH TaKHe aa-beKTHBHble
CJIOBOCOmeTaHHH (c AaTeJIbHbIM 6ecnpeJLJIO)KHbIM), B KOTOpbIX
HMeHa npHJlaraTeJlbHble BbICTynaIOT TOJIbKO B KpaTKOH 4)opMe.
(HeKOTOpble H3 HHX - 6OJIbIIHHCTBO - MOryT HMeTb 4JIeHHyIO
(4opMy, HO noCJ1eJLHHH B HCCJIeAyeMbIX HaMH naMHTHHKaX JIHTepa-
TypbI XVII - XVIII BB. He BCTpeTHJIaCb).
AeJIeHHe pacCMaTPHBaeMbIX CJIOBOCOqeTaHHH Ha TPH rpynnbI:
a) CJIOBoco4eTaHHH, B KOTOPbIX HMeHa npHJlaraTeJlbHble BbICTy-
nalOT TOJIbKO B KpaTKOH (popMe; 6) cJIOBOCOgeTaHHH, B KOTOPbIX
HMeHa npHJlaraTeJlbHble npeACTaBJIeHbI JIHIHb B nOJIHOH (popMe;
B) CJIOBOCogeTaHHH, B KOTOPbIX HMeHa npHJlaraTeJlbHble (4yHKaHO-
HHpyIOT H B nOJIHOH H KpaTKOH 4)opMax, --- KaxceTCH HBM onpaB-
.AaHHbIM, eCJIH HCXO.LLHTb H3 OHpeaeJIeHHH CYMHOCTH CJIOBOcogeTa-
HHH KaK JIeKCHKO-rpaMMaTmeCKoro eJLHHCTBa, o603Haxalomero
npeAMeTbI, HBJIeHHH, aeACTBHH B HX B3aHMOOTHOIneHH51X, (pyHK-
ILHOHHpyloluero B npeAeJlax npeAJlo)KeHHH. B npeJinoxceHHH
I B. B. B H H o r p a A 0 B. IIOHHTHe cMHTarMbL B clHTaxcxce COBpeMeH-
Horo pyccxoro H3bIKa. B c6. ,
M., '1950, cTp. 183.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CTep}KHesoe CJIOBO BbICTynaeT s onpeae.leHHOH (4yHK1JHH. Tax,
HMeHa npHJIaraTeJlbHble B KpaTKOI( q)opMe - B HeH3MeHHOl3 4)yHK-
IjHH, (byHKUHH CKa3yeMoro. IlpeaHKaTHBHOe ynOTpe6JleHHe KpaT-
KOI3 (~OpMbI HMeH npHJlaraTe.ibHbIX B H3y4IaeMbIX CJIOBocotleTa-
HH$IX C6JIH}KaeT HX C rJIarOJlaMH, KOTOpble BbIHOJIHSIIOT Ty }Ke
4)YHKUHIO. YHOTpe6JIeHHe KpaTKOII (4OpMbI npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX B
POJH npeAHKaTa o6'bSlcHxeT, nogeMy npHJIaraTeJlbHbIM Aa}Ke Ta-
KHM, KOTOpble CJIOB0o6pa3OBaTeJIbHO H CeMaHTH'ICCKH He CBH3a-
HbI C rJIaroJIaMH, CBOI3CTBeHHO ynpaBneHHe aaTeJIbHbIM naAe)KOM,
T. e. ynpaBJleHHe, KOTOpoe xapaKTepHO rJlaroJlaM.
s e
B pyCCKOI( JIHHrBHCTHI1eCKOIi JIHTepaType 143AaBHa, eHue B
TpyAax M. B. YIOMOHOCOBa 1, onpeAenexa BaxcnellluaA (pyHKUHA
AaTeJIbHOFO na,e}Ka - Bblpa}KeHHe KoCBeHHOrO o6'beKTa, aape-
caTa.
3TO OCHOBHOe 3HaqeHHe AaTeJIbxoro naae}Ka xapaKTepHO H
AJIA HaIUHx CJIOBocoT4eTaHHI(: HMSI npxJlaraTeJIbxoe pacnpoCTpa-
HHeTCSI HMeHeM CymeCTBHTeJIbHbIM (HJIH McCTOHMeHHeM), 3aKJIIo-
IIaIOIuHM YKa3aHHe Ha JIHUO, npeAMeT HJIH $IBJIeHHe, B OTHOU1 HHH
KOTOPbIX npOHBJISIeTCH onpeaeJleHHbIII HPH3HaK 2.
HanpHMep:
... BO BCeM b 6bIJIH HMb nOKOpHbI... (Co6p. eoc. ap. U aO2.,
T. 3, CTP. 153) 3.
... H MOJIIO O HHXb... 6ora, as MHJIOCTHBb HMb 6yAeT'b...
(AICTbi tOpu(9., cTp. 465).
... H TOT'b IIeJIOB''iK'b KptnOKb TOMy, KOMy OH-b AaCTb Ha
ce6H Ka6aJIy (Y4odIc. 1649, cTp. 242).
H 6bICTb... CKOp6b Beim o y6HTbIX..., nOHe)Ke 6bIIIIA My}Ke-
CTBeHH H paTHOMY AeJIy HCKyCHH. (Ae. I7aiz., cTp. 153).
(6paT) ... 3100 rpaMOT1 ropa3Ab. (3KuT. np. Aaaarc.,
cTp. 95) :
... H 3aIIMyT'b y csoell 6paTbH, KTO KOMy T(py)KeHb.
(KoTOUI., 0 Poc., cTp. 37).
... IITO6bI OH BCAKOMY 3HaTeH 6bIJI, IITO OH 6erJleu. (Tioco t.,
0 ctc. u 6oa., cTp. 51).
... HeyCTpOeHHbISI CIH BOi CKa He 6bIJIH CTpaIIIHbI HenpiATe-
JIAM'b, HO OnaCHM 6bIJIH rocyAapAMb (I(ep6., Coti., II, 32).
(R) ... H36trHy 3a?fHJOIO 3HMy, KOTOpaH MH1 cmep-
TeJlbHa. (KaKT., H36., II, 17uCbMa, cTp. 314).
... aeFICTBHe ero np03bl 6yaeT BCeM BHATHO. (Pad., 1436.,
cTp. 197).
HeTpyaHO 3aMeTHTb, IITO O6-beKTHble OTHOIneHHA B yKa3aH-
HbIX CJIOBOCOIIeTaHHSIX HMe}OT OTTeHOK OrpaHH'IeHHA, yTOIIHeHHA
I M. B. JI a M O x o C B, Co4HHeHHH, VII, M. - TI., 1952, crp. 411.
2 AKaAeMH4eCKaB rpaMMaTHKa, II T. (1-$ IIOJIYTOM), 306.
3 O6'bHCHeHHSI COKpaIUeHHil CM. B KOHge pa60TbI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
npx3Haxa: HMSI cylueCTBHTeJibxoe, ynpaBJIxeMoe upHJIaraTeJlbHUM,
orpaHHNHBaeT c()epy npOHBJieHHSI onpeAeJieHHoro npH3Haxa, yToq-
HSICT B03M0)K$yK) o6JIaCTb CyLueCTBOBaHHSI npH3HaKa.
AA-beKTHBHble CJIOBOCOqeTaHHS1 (c AaTeJIbHbIM 6ecnpeAJlo K-
HbIM), rAe HMeHa npHJlaraTeJIbHbie BbICTynalOT TOJIbKO B KpaTKOYI
(PopMe, Hy)KHO npH3HaTb caMOH npOAyKTHBHOH L rpynnofl, TaK KaK
OHa, 06,beAHHSISI '6oJlbmnoe KOJIHIIeCTBO HMeH npHJlaraTeJIbHbIX (He
C4HTa5I nOBTOpHIOIuHXCH npHMepOB - OKOJIo 80 HMeH npHJlara-
TeJIbHbIX), COCTaBJISIeT OKOJIO 45o1o no CpaBHeHHIO C AB3MSI ApyrH-
MH rpynnaMH (rpynna CJIOBOCOxIeTaHHfi, B KOTOpbIX HMeHa npHJla-
raTe.nbHbie (4YHKLHOHHPY10T TOJIbKO B H0JIHOIi c opMe, - 26,7 %;
rpynna CJIOBOCoqeTaHHii, rAe HMeHa npHJlaraTenbHble BbICTynaIOT
B o6eHx (popMax, - 28,3 % )
JIeKCHK0-rpaMMaTH4eCKHe npH3HaKH npHJIaraTeJIbHbIX 9TOfi
rpynnbI pa3JIH'IHbI: OAHH KpaTKHe (4OpMbI COXpaHSIK)T 2, HanpHMep: TeceH, 3JI06eH, T. e.
TaKHe, KOTOpble MOrYT HMeTb 4JIeHHYIO (pOPMY, HO B HccJIeAOBaH-
HbIX HaMH naMHTHHKaX He BCTpeTHJIHCb (BHAHMO, Aim AaHHOro
riepxoga - XVII-XVIII BB. - pa36HpaeMbIM npHJlaraTeJlbHbIM B
fOJIHOIi 4)OpMe He CBOfICTBeHHO 6bIJI0 ynpaBJlexne AaTeJIbHbIM
6ecnpeAJIO}KHbIM) ; ApyrHe He MOryT HMeTb CooTHOCHTeJIbHOIi nOJI-
HOFi 4)OPMbI, HanpHMep, paA. B BHAY 3TOro ue.necoo6pa3HO pa3-
AeJIHTb HMe1OLuMficH MaTepHaJI Ha ABe LIaCTH.
o a
CJIOBocoq,eTaHHSI rIpHJlaraTeJIbHbIX, KOTOPble ynOTpe6JISIIOTCA
C AaTeJIbHbIM 6ecnpeAJIO)KHbIM TOJIbKO B KpaTKOfI (popMe.
I-IpHMepbI.C nOAo6HbIMH npHJlaraTeJlbHbIMH OTMetIalOTCSI B
pa3JIHEIHbIX IPOH3BeAeHHSIX Ha HPOTSI)KeHHH Bcero HccJIeAyeMoro
nepHoAa (XVII -XVIII BB.).
Tax, AJIH nepBOfi noJIOBHHbl XVII B. xapaKTepxbl CJIOBO004e-
TaHHA C npHJlaraTeJlbHbIMH: KpenOK, (He) npHiaCTeH, HCKyceH, r0-
AeH, (He) 3JIo6eH.
KaK BHAHO, Kpyr npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX, o6pa3y1OLUHX cJioBoco4e-
TaHHSI C AaTeJIbHbIM 6eCnpeAJ1O}KHbIM, B PYCCKOM SL3biKe nepsofl
HOJIOBHHbI XVII B. HeBeJIHK, npH4IeM HeKOTOpble H3 HHX (KpenOK),
B naMSITHHKaX ApyrHX nepHOAOB He BCTpeqaIOTCSI (HH B naMSITHH-
KaX BTOpOIi HOJIOBHHbI XVII B., HH B naMHTHHKaX XVIII B.) :
... H TOT'b 'IeJiOB+:,K Kpl3noK'b TOMy, KOMy OH'b AaCT'b Ha
ce6a Ka,6aJiy. (ynox. 1649, 242).
OTce6e rim 3aHe HenpH4aCTeH MH1 6bIJI ecH Bo 6paHX.
(3pe.uu4e OICUTUR uenoe., e OTpbIBKax, 34).
I Mbi CIIHTaeM nPOZBAeHHeM npOAyKTHBHOCTH TOT 4IaKT, 'ITO onpeAeneHHoe
KOAH,ieCTBo npHAaraTenbHwX (6e3 nOBTOPHIOILHXCB npHMepOB) o6JIaAaeT CnO-
C06HOCTbIO BbICTynaTh B Ka4eCTBe rAaBHoro 9AeHa B H3y'aeMblx cnoBocogeTa-
HHHX C AaTeAbHbIM HMQHeM 6eCnpe1AO)KHbIM.
2 B. B. B HE o r p a A 0 B, PyCCKHfi H3bIK, M. - JI., 1947 r., CTp. 404.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
H 6bICTb CKOp6b Be.IHa o y6HTbIX..., nOHe}Ke 6bnUSt My)Ke-
CTBeHH H paTHOMY AeJly HCKyCHH. (Ae. Ilan., 153).
... noBeAa (nJleHHbIH) 3a co60to Ao6pbix pegH H rOJ HN
BceM B ocaAe. (Aa. Ilan., 173).
... eCH... MH... He3JIo6eHb. (KOMea. ptcac., 8 oTpbtexax, 67).
CJ1o8ocogeTaHHSI C HeKOTOpbIMH nepegHCJIeHHbIMH HMeHaMH
npHJlaraTeJlbHbIMH BCTpegaJIHCb B naMSITHHKax pyCCKoro SI3bIKa
H AO XVII B. HanpHMep, CJIOBOCOgeTaHHe c npHJlaraTeJlbHbIM
(B KpaTKOl3 4opMe) 6bIJIO xapaKTepHO H AJISI XVI B.,
Ha TITO YKa3b1BaeTCM B CTaTbe A. II.IVMHJIOBOi3 (, B 3Ha'4eHHH ).
Mb1 OTMeTHJIH CBMble ynOTpe6HTeJIbHble CJIOBocogeTaHHH;
OCTaJIbHble }Ke (a H3 npHBeAeHHbIX Bb11IIe npHMepOB HCHO, 'TO
HX noAaBJ1H1oujee 60JIbuIHHCTBO) HBJIHJ1HCb HenpO4HbIMH coeAH-
HeHHHMH, n0}Ka.nyH, CJIygaHHbIMH, He 3aKpenHBIUHMHC51 B pyC-
CKOM B3bIKe.
CTeneHb ynOTpe6HTeJIbHOCTH yKa3aHHbIX CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHH
M03KeT 3aBHCeTb OT onpeAeJIeHHQrO CTHJIH H )Kaxpa npoH3BeAe-
HHH. HanpHMep, cJIOBOcogeTaHHH C npHJlaraTeJIbHb1M xapaKTepHbl Aim npOH3BeaeHHH Hay'IHOH np03bl H
LSOJIbuIHX 3nHHeCKHX npOH3BeaeHHH.
OH Ty'1l cxoAeHb 6biji (Xepac. ,To., 1, Poccuada, 261).
PoccHH BCH Tenepb cxoAHaApo}Kau1HM'b Ti HSIMb. (Xepac.,
To., V, Oce. MocrcBbi, 223).
KOJIe6JieMOH JIaAb'I'i OH exoAeHb 6bIJ1b Bb ceH 'lac-b.
(Xepac., Te., II, BJlaO., 26).
... TeM )KHBOTHOe CXOACTBeHHO... B o6pa3e CBoeM'leJIOBeKy.
(Pad., 1136., 0 ueiloe., 351).
... BepTHKaJibHoe noJIo KeHHe paCTeHHH CXOACTBeHHO eAH-
HOMy leJ1OBeKy. (Pao., 1136., 0 'leAoa., 347).
CJIOBOco'IeTaHHH c npHJlaraTeJlbxbIM croAeH> BcTpegaloTCB B
naMHTHHKaX 0(HUHaJIbuo-AeJIOBOr0 xapaKTepa, Hay'iHOH H CBeT-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
CKOH nepeBOAHOR nHTepaType H npoH3BeueHHax, OTJIH'IalOLL 1XCSI
CTapOKHH}KHOH TpaAHuHei.
... H Ta ero cay}K6a rocyAapio roAHa nH 6yAeT? (Co6p.
foc. Op. U doe., T. III, 315).
nOCbinaeM MbI... nOCJIOB.., - KOTOpble roAHN HaM...
(IlucbMa u 6yM. 17erpa I, TpaMOTa I).
... OHa HHKOMy HeroAHa. (Ka,T. H36., If, lepeeod, '0K.,
cMKox. Mupoe.v, 393).
B TO we BpeMH noBapy roAeH 6bin'b... Tonop'b. (17opT. no-
coR., CunoecK., 281).
... noseAa (HMeHHbIH) 3a co0olo Ao6pblx pe'IH H rOAHW
BceM B ocaAe. (A8. 17aA., 173).
HHorAa AaHHoe CJIOBocotieTaHHe BcTpe1IaeTCH 'Iaa a ocTanb-
HbIX nOTOMy, 'ITO xapaKTepHO AJIH '513bIKa 1TpOH3BeAeHHI3 onpeAe-
JIeHHOro nHcaTen5l, HBJIggCb KaK 6bI H3nfo6neHHbIM CO'IeTaHHeM.
HanpiMep, CnOBOCO'IeTaHHe c nplJIar. 'lane BCTpe-
MaeTCH B npOH3BeAeHHHX M. KpbuloBa.
H3 BCeX HaYK TorAa OAHa... TOJIbKO MH'fi Ba)KHa. (Kp.,
Cou., I, Crux., 230).
Te6e H TO B HeM o'IeHb Ba)KH0. (I(p., CO(i., I, Crux. 238).
KfIoAcyAeH>> - B OCHOBHOM BCTpe'laeTCH B npOH3BeaeHHH
fIocoliKoBa .
... a KOH H HecHnbHble, TO MarHCTpaTy HenOACyAHbl.
(I7ocoui., 0 cic. u 6oe., 117).
A aloe cyA 6yAeT HO HbIHeLIHeMy H pa3HOH, Cny}KHBbIM
OCO6JIHBbIH, a Hpo'HM HHbfM OCO6JIHBble }K, Aa 6yAyT eAH-
HOf3 raaBHOfI KOHTOpe nOACyAHbI... TO Mo)KeT IfpaB,l(a ycTa-
HOBHTbCH. (Ilocoul., 0 cK. u 6oe., 52).
Ham KaaceTCH, ITO CO CTeHeHbIO ynOTpe6HTeJIbHOCTH CBH3aH
elue OAHH ()aKTOp: BO3MO)KHOCTb AaHHbIX npHnaraTenbHbIX o6pa-
3OBaTb CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHe C POAHTenbHbIM naAexcOM + npeAnor
KAnH>.
061ueH3BeCTHO, 'lTO B ripouecce pa3BHTHH pyCCKoro SI3bIKa,
B xoAe COBepHIeHCTBOBaHHH rpaMMaTH'IeCKOH CHCTeMbI, npOHCXO-
AHJIH H npOHCXOAHT H3MeHeHHH, npOHBn$IIOIUHeCH B o6pa30BaHHH,
paCnpOCTpaHeHHH H 3aKpenneHHH npeAJIO}KHbIX KOHCTpyK1LHH.
TO nPOHCXOAHT nOTOMy, 'ITO (5ecrlpeAno)KHble KOHCTPYKUHH C
Te'IeHHeM BpeMeHH KneperpyxcalOTCH>> 3Ha'IeHH$IMH, 'ITO MeuiaeT
y.AOBneTBOpeHHIO nOTpe6HOCTH o61ueHHH nfoAetf. 11Hor.a 6ec-
npexiO}KHble H npeAJIO}KeHble KOHCTPYKUHH cocyujeCTByIOT, B3a-
HMHO OTTeHHSI OAHO OCHOBHOe 3Ha'IeHHe; B TaKHX Cny'IaHX OHH HB-
nHIOTCH CHHOHHMaMH.
B KaKOH CTeneHH CKa3aHHOe OTHOCHTCH K HaIIIHM cJIoBoco'Ie-
TaHHHM?
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
flpexKAe BcerO HY)KHO OTMeTHTb, 'ITO JIHIUb He3HavHTeJIbHOe
KOJIH'eCTBO HMeH npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX (H3 80-12) BCTpeTHJIOCb B
naMHTHHKaX HCCJIeAyeMOro nepnoAa B cJlosocoueTaHxxx C pOAH-
TeJIbHbIM naAe?KOM H npeAJ1oroM H BO3MO)KHOCTb ynOTpe6-
J1eHH51 poa. naA. c npeAJloroM KAJIR> y npHJlaraTeJIbHbIX pa36H-
paeMOH rpynnbl npOSIBJI IeTCSI TOJIbKO B XVIII B.; B npOH3BeAeHHAX
XVII B. no, o6Hb1e CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHR He OTMerieHbI (C yKa3aHHbIMH
Bbiiue npHJlaraTeJIbxbIMH). CJ1y'iaH ynOTpe6JIeHHH 3THX cJloBoC'O-
,qeTaHHI3 B npOH3BeAeHHRX nepBOI3 HOJIOBHHbI XVIII B. 6yKBaJIbHO
eAHHHgHbI. MbI MO)KeM HPHBeCTH TOJIbKO HpHMep H3 npoH3BeAe-
HHH flOCOIIIKOBa:
... Koe AaR pa60Tb< r0AHbI, TO 6paTb Ha HHX KpenOCTH.
(17ocoui., O. cic. u 6oa., 108).
HaHOMHHM, 'ITO 6ecnpeAJIO?KHoe aJ1beKTHBHOe CJIOBocogeTa-
HHe C AaHHbIM npHJlaraTeJIbHbIM (roAeH HaM) - CaMbIH ynOTpe6H-
TeJIbHbIH THn B yKa3aHHOH rpynne npHJlaraTeJIbHbIX, T. e. THII, yT-
BepAHBI1IHHCR Ha HPOTSI}KeHHH AJIHTeabHorO BpeMeHH (XVII -
HepB. nOJIOB. XVIII BB.); TaK ,Ke oTMetiaJlocb, TITO noAO6Hoe
CJIOBOcogeTaHHe Bblpa)KaeT OAHO 3Ha~ieHHe: 06,beKTHoe 3Ha'eHHe
C OTTeHKOM OrpaHHqeHH$l (roAeH JIIOARM, HaM, HHKOMy, rocyAapio,
RceM, nOBapy). YKa3aHHoe npHJiaraTeJIbHOe B KOHCTPYKUHH MO}KeT HMeTb (H 4aCTO HMeeT) TO >Ke 3Hage-
IIHe. ECJIH 6bI nOA06Hb1e CJIOBOCO'-IeTaHHH BCTpeTHJIHCb B Hcciie-
AyeMbIX naMSITHHKaX, HX HY}KHO 6bIJlO 6bI Ha3BaTb CIIHOHHMH4-
HbIMH. CJIOBOcOVeTaHHe aAJIR --I-
P. n.>.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Opy id5i CH onac!ibl AAA cepAeu! (Xepac., Ta., I
Poc., 332).
YJIHCC-b 6bIJrb MOJIOA'b H npexpaceH-b,... A IIOTOMY AAA
}KeHII(HM, 6blJrb onaceH'b. (KHRJic., Cott., II, Bacau, 544).
Ha npaBOi3 CTOPOHe BHAHTe BbI... OCTPOB,... MecTO, onaCHoe
Anse Kopa6JIef. (Kapa/t3., OcTpoa B., 418).
H calla, ax! Ao6pgAereJtb rIOLIHTaJIacH JIH4HHOK, HO
onacHOH AAA THpaHa. (Pad., Boea, 322).
Ho McHee jib, CKa}KH, 3JIoAeI3 AAA Hac onaceH? (Kp., I,
llodu4una, 279).
CJIOBOco'4eT'aHHSi C yKa3aHHUM rIPHJIaraTeJlbHbIM B KOHCT-
PyKUHSIX H KAJISI + p. n.n Hy}KHO
np'H3HaTb CHHOHHMHqHbIMH, 'T. K. 3HaLI(!HHSI, HMH BbIpa}KaeMble,
HAeHTH'HHbI. (CpaBH. HPHBOA!eHHble Bbllue ff'HMepbl H CJIOB000LIe-
raHHSl: onaceH KOPOJIIO, MH'h, )KeHCKOMy nary, ropaM, TyqaM).
rI'03TOMy M'O}KHO 6e3 3HagHTeJibHOro ynjep'6a AJix CMbICJIa 3aMe-
HHTb OaHO CJIOBO00geTaHHe ApyrHM, 6ecnpe'AJIO}KH'Oe - npea-
JIO}KHbIM (HJiH HaooopOT).
CHH'OHHMHgHbI H apyrHe - e'AHHHLIHble - npHMepbI.
(rlp'IIBOIHM aJISI KpaTKOCTH He npeAJIO}KeH'HSI, a CJIOBocoxie-
TaHHSI - napaJiJIemH) :
6ecnomIe3eH Arpion-h, OTeqecTBy-6ecnoJle3HbIIi AJI5I LIe-
JIOBeKa;
Ba}KeH MHe, Te6e - Ba}KeH, Ba}KHOIiHIHi3, MaJIOBa}KeH aJISI
H'CnOJIHHTeJIefI, AJi$I Cepaua, AJISI McHSI, AAA LIeJIOBeK'a;
Heo6XOaHM eMy - Heo6XOAHMbIFi JJISI nIICaTeJiH;
CKYLIeH IOHOCTH, MH'h, Hapoay - CKygeH, CKyLIHbIii AJI5I Me-
HH, HHX, Hero;
CMepTeJieH MH'ii - CMepTeJlbHbIii AJI51 paCTeHHI3;
TeMeH MH?, HM. - TeMHbIf3 AJI5I Hero;
TeCeH }KHBOTHbIM - TeCeH JjJI51 LIHCJIa 3PHTeJIei3;
TpyaeH HaM - TpyAHI,III AJISI Hero;
TSIrOCTeH HM - TSiroCTHbIFI, TSIrOCTeH AAA Hero.
KaK BHAHO H3 npHBeAeHHbIX napaJLJleJIerl, B03MO}KHOCTb yn-
paBJISITb p. H. C npeAJioro ( n O51BJISIeTCS1 B 3HaT4HTeJIbHOIi
CTeneHH y npHJIaraTeJIbxbIx IOJIHOFI 4)opMbi. BHAHMO, npHJlara-
TeJIbHbIM HMeHHO B IOJIHOI3 (DopMe xapaKTepHO Co3AaHHe O6-beKT-
HbIX OTHOHIeHHII B CJIOBOCOLIOTaHHSIX C. >; BnoCJIeACT-
BHH B npeAJIO}KHbie KOHCTpyIQgHH BOBJIeKaIOTCH H KpaTKHe q)OpMbI
(CM. BbIIHe. HCKJIIOLieHHe npeACTaBJISieT OAHH cJlyLial3: TeCeH }KH-
BOTHbIM - TeCeH AJISI Hero).
MaJIa5I paCnpOCTpaHeHHOCTb CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHI3 ,
Hall Ka}KeTCH, HaXOAHTCSI B ICBH3H C He3Ha9HTeJlbHOf3 ynoTpe6H-
Te.JibHOCTbIO 6eCnpeAJio}KHbIz CJIOBOCOLIeTaHHI3.
a ^
CJieayloujaI rpynna CJIOBoc0LIeTaHHI3 - 3T0 rpynna, B KOTO-
pok npHJIaraTeJlbHbie BbICTynaJOT TOJIbKO B KpaTKOI%I (4opMe H He
22* 339
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
MOrYT HMeTb nOJIHOf, He3aBHCHMO OT 3HaqeHHSi. B COBpeMeHHOfi
JIHHTBHCTHqeCKOi3 JIHTepaType 3TH npHJIaraTeJlbHbie OTHOCHT K
CJIOBaM KaTeropHH COCTOHHHH 1. COCTaB 3THX npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX He-
BeJIHK: pa,q, ropa3A, JIIO6, - HO HeKOTOpble H3 HHX OlIeHb ynOTpe-
6HTeJIbHbl.
CJIOBOco,qeTaHHH C fPHJlaraTeJlbHbIM , HaM Ka}KeTCH,
He06XoAHMo OTAeJIHTb OT CJIOBOCOqeTaHHi3 CO CJIOBaMH >, - TaKa5I B03MO}KHOCTb y npHJIaraTeJlbHbIX '),.
noATOTOBJIeHHbIH HCTOpHgeCKHM pa3BHTHeM CTpaHbl H xapaK`repH-
3yJ0IijHHC5I 4)aKTHgeCKHM CJIH31HHeM Bcex (peO,i[aJIbHbIX o6JIaCTe13,
KHSI}KeCTB B OAHO uejioe H o6pa3OBaHHeM maUHOHaJIbHOH CBH3H
2) . OAHaKO pa3BHTHe Poc-
CHH B 3TOT nepnoA mJio McAJIeHHbIMH TeMnaMH H YCKOPHJIOCb
TOJIbKO B 'neTpOBC'Ky1O 3nOXy. BbIJIH npOBeAeHbI 9KOHOMHgeCKHe
pe4 opMbI, HanpaBJleHHbie Ha yCHJIeHHe BHeIUHeH H BHyTpeHHeH
TOprOBJIH, pa3BHTHe npOMbIIJIJIeHHOCTH, peMeceJl; 3HagHTeJIbHO
npeo6pa3oBaHo 6bIJIO aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOe YCTPOHCTBO rocyAapCT-
Ba, 6bICTpbIMH TeMnaMH HagHHaeT pa3BHBaTbCSl HayKa H .KynbTiypa.
OTKpbJBaIOTCSI UIKOJIbI, npHrJlaIIIaI0TCg cneuHaJIHCTb1 H3-3a rpa
HHIjbI.
Bce 9TH H3MeHeHHH B )KH3HH pycc oro o6IUeCTBa OTpa3HJIHCb-
Ha pa3BHTHH 5I3bIKa, T. H. ero HCTOPHH Hepa3pbIBHO CB93aHa C HC-
TOPHeI3 o6weCTBa, C HCTOpHeI3 HapOAa, TBOpua H HOCHTeJISI 3TOro,
H3b1Ka.
C03AaHHe H pa3BHTHe pyccKorO HaL[HOHaJIbHoro 513bIKa B CBOKT
ogepeAb TeCHO CB513aHO C yBeJIHgeHHeM pOJiH )KHBOH pyCCKOf pegu
H SI3bIKa AejroBOH nHCbMeHHOCTH.
I43MeHeHHA, npOHCXOARIIUHe B Sl3bIKe H CTHJIe neTpOBCKOrO
BpeMeHH, OTgaCTH BbIHCHSIIOTCH HaMH npH aHaJIH3e JHCeM
IIeTpa I.
Bce HanHCBHHOe HM CB513aHO C KOHKpeTHbIMH CJIygaSIMH, BbI-
3BaHO )KHBOFi He06XoAHMOCTbIO COBpeMeHHOII eMy nOJIHTHgeCKOH
AeHTeJIbHOCTH. IIeTP I 6bili AaJieK B HHCbMaX 11 6yMarax OT BCSI-
Koro KnHeaTeJihcKorON npo41 eCCHOHaJIH3Ma. 3T0 HaJIO)KHJIO OTrie-
gaTOK Ha CTHJIb H SI3bIK ero imceM. IIeTp I HapyiuaeT JIHTepaTyp-
Hble 3KaHPbi, JIH'TepaTYPHble TpaAHIIHH, ecJIH OHH eMy MelualOT. OR.
1) B. H. A e H H H. COgHHeHHA, H3A. 4, T. I, CTp. 137.
2), B. H. JI e H H H. COgHHeHHH, H3A? 4, T. 1, crp. 137-138.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
3a6oTHTCH 0 CTHJIe CBOHX nPOH3BeAeHHH JIHIUb IIOCTOJIbKy, nO-
CKOJIbKy 3T0 Hy}KHO eMy, tITO6bI y6eAHTb aApecaTa B tleM-JIH6o HJIH
yKa3aTb eMy Ha AOnyIIteHHyi0 OnJIO1.UHOCTb. B nHCbMaX IleTpa I
CTHpa}OTCH H3blKOBble rpaHHubI Me)Kl y AOKyMeHTOM +H tIBCTHbLM CO-
o6lueHHeM, 3aKOHOAaTeJIbHbIM aKTOM H peJIHUHeH o no6eAax. He
CJiytlaHHO, TO MIjOrHe nHCbMa IleTpa I, OTHOCHWHeCH K XVIII B.,
nOMeujaJIHCb ueJIHKOM B ra3eTe KBeAOMOCTH>. Bce xapaKTepHoe
AJIH 93bHKa H CTHJIH nnceM IleTpa I HBJIHeTCH OTpa}KeHHeM o6uce-
rO 513bIKOB0P0 npouecca KOHUa XVII H nepsoH tleTBepTH
XVIII Bexa.
IIOtITH BO BCeX o6JIaCTHX CBoeH KHnytIei Ae5TeJIbHOCTH
I7eTp I 6bIJI HeH3MeHHO HOBaTOpOM, tleJioBeKOM, CTpeMHIUHMCH
C6pOCHTb rpy3 MHOrOBeKOBbIX TpaAHuEH, CO3Ha omHM HHTepeCbl
rocyAapCTBa B IIeJIOM. rleTp I BMeIIIHBa.ICH H B JIHTepaTypHylo
AeHTeJibHOCTb CBoerO BpeMeHH.
O5U YI0 XapaKTepHCTH'Ky BCeM HBJIeHHHM B }KH3HH H3blKa neT-
POBCKOrO BpeMeHH AaJi aKaAeMHK C. Il. O6HOPCKHR 1).
OH OTMegaeT, tITO XapaKTepHbIM npoueccoM, npOHCXOAHIUHM
B H3bIIKe B neTPOBCKOe BpeMH, 6blJia 6opb6a Me}KAy uepIKOBHO-CJIa-
BHHOKOH H KO61uHM JIHTepaTypHbIM H3bIKOM*. 9Ta
6opb6a Hatlanacb B cepeAliHe XVII Bexa B npaBJieHHe AJlexceH
MHXaHJIOBHtla, B HHCbMaX KOTOpoFO 3aMeTHbI napaJlJIeJIbHue yno-
Tpe6JIeHHH uepKOBHO-CJIaBHHCKHX If OPM H pyCCKHX, tlaCTO npOCTO-
petIHbIX, ynOTpe6JIeHHe uepKOBHO-CJIaBHHCKHX CJIOB H BbIpa}KeHHH
B OKpy}KeHHH pa3rOBOpHO-npOCTOpeIIHbIX, 'ITO nPHBOAHJIO K CMe-
IIIeHHIO CTHJIeBbIX HOpM, K OTKa3y OT B H3bIKe, OT
, CTOJIb xapaKTepHoro AJIH CTOPOHHHKOB aep
KOBHo-nponoBeAHHtleCKOH JIHTepaTypbl H uepIKOBHO-KHH)KHOro,
CTHJIH. OAHaKo BCe 3TH HBJIeHHH, TOJIbKO HaMegIaBIIIHeCH, 6ypHO
paCUBeTaIOT npH IIeTpe I. He Cpa3y H3bIK OCBo6oxKaaeTCH OT CTa-
pbiX oAe)KA, OT CTapbIX 40pM Bblpa)KeHHH. 3AeCb HaMe'aeTCH He
KOTOpaH $CTOpHtleCKa$ 3aKOHOMepHOCTb, nocJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTb.
XapaKTepHbIM AJIH 6opb6bl CTaporo C HOBbIM HBJIHeTCH 6opb6a
KHH)KHbIX I)OPM Bblpa}KeHHH C pa3rOBOpHbIMH, ynpOIueHHbIMH.,He-
KOTOpbIH OTKa3 OT CTapbIX # PM Bblpa}KenIHH, KHH}KHbIX o60POTOB,
o6paLueHHH C nOJIHbIM nepegHcJIeHHeM THTyJIOB, qHHOB, 3aMeHa
Bcero 3TOPO nPOCTbIMH J[py}KeCKHMH 06pauueHHHMH HaMetlaJlaCb a
HHCbMBX uapH AJiexces MHXafJIOBHtIa K CTOJIbHHKy MaTIOIIIKHHy.
Ho 3TO JIHIIIb B eJIHHH'HbIX CJiytIaHX.
B nHCbMax uapH fleTpa I Ha61IIoaaeM nepexoj OT uePKOBHO-
KHH}KHOH pe'H K pa3rOBOPHo-J[eJIOBOH, KOTOpaH C6JIH3HJIa PYCCKHH
JIHTepaTypHbIH 513bIK C pa3rOBOpHbIM. fIHCbMa aApecOBaHbl copaT-
HHKaM fleTpa I McHIIIHKOBy, FOJIHUBIHY, POMOAaHOBCKOMy, Fop-
,aO'Hy, AH'paKCH,Hy, BHHHyCy !H ApyPH:M, ero 6JIH3KHIM POACTBeHHH-
KaM - MaTepH uapHue HaTaJIbe KHPHJIJIO'BHe, 6paTy HoaHiiy
'CM. C. II. 0 '6 H O P C K H H. KyJ-bTypa PYCCKOPO H3bUKa. AKaA. HaYK
CCCP, M.-JI., 1948, cTp. 15.
345
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
AJleKceeBHTIy, C KOTOpbIM B nepablf nepnoa IIeTp pa3AeJI5Jt
BJIacTm, ce'cTpe - uapesne Coq)be; KHSI3bMM, uapiTM, repuoraM,
Kyp(u opCTaM, C KOTOpbIMH rloAAep)KFJB JIHCb npH IleTpe I AHnJio-
MaTH*iecKHe OTHOUIeHHM. KaK BHJLHO H3 nepeqHCJIeHHSI aupeCaTOB,
nepenHCKa HOCHJIa caMbIH pa3H0o6pa3HbIIi XapaKTep. IIpH 3TOM
c.neAyeT ylleCTb, LITO Bb16op JIeKCHIeCKHX cpeACTB 3aBHCHT OT Tex
3aAa4, KOTOpble CTaBHT nepeA co6o i a'BTOp, 3aBHCHT H OT CTHJISI.
BJIHAHHe Ha OT60p 93blIKOBbIX CpeACTB (B TOM gHCJie JIe'KCHqeCKHX)
OKa3bIBaeT CTpeMJIeHHe K BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCTH H tteTKOCTH. IZeCTpOTa
CBeTCKO-AeJIOBbIX CTHJIei B nHCbMaX flerpa I co eTaeTCSi c pa3HO-
o6pa3HeM FIX JIeKCHKO-(4pa3eOJIorH'IeCKOrO COCTaBa, C HIHPOTOIi
ynOTpe6JIeHH5I pa3JIHIIHbIX JIeKCHLIeCKHX rpynn (6bITOBaH, BOeHHaH,
MOPCKa51, nOJIHTHLIeCKaHI, AHIIJIOMaTmieCKa5i ...). B nepBbIX nHCb-
MaX, OTHOCAUjHXCSI K 1686 roAy H nocJ1eLyloluHM, npeo6JlaAaeT
uepKOBHO-KHH?KHaSI JIeKCHKa, nOCTeneHHO OCBo6o)KAalouja5i McCTO
B XVIII BeKe CTHJIIO, npH6JIH}KaiolueMyCH K 06bILIHOH pa3rO'BOpHOH
pe'IH. 3TO CKOpee AeJ1oBOH CTHJIb,KaHueJIHpHH HJIU CTHJIb Jjpy7Ke-
C1KOH 6eceAbi (HCKJIIogeHHe COCTaBJISIIOT JaHHJIOMaTHgeCKHe
nHCbMa).
HaH6ojiee HOJIHO H qeTKO 3TO npOCJIe?KHBaeTCI1 npH anaJIH3e
o6paujeHHH K aApecaTaM B HHCbMaX. IIOA o6palueHHeM B AaJIb-
HeIiU1eM H3JI0}KeHHH noj[pa3yMeBaeTCSI CJIOBO HJIH rpynna CJIOB,
06'beAHHeHHbIX B OAHO, a HHOrAa B ABa npeJLJIO}KeHHSI, KOTOpbIMH
B HHCbMaX Ha3bIBaIOT TOTO, K KOMY HHCbMa aJjpecosanbi. B nep-
BbIX rlHcbMaX, aapeCOBaHHbIX MaTeprl HaTa.nbe KHPHJIJIOBHe H OT-
HOCSInjHXCSI K 1689 roj y H nOCJICAyiouiHM, coxpaHSIeTCSI crapax
uepKOBHO-KHH}KHaM 4JOpMa o6paujeHH5I, KOTOpaHI TOJIbKO HHOrAa
B naMSITHbIX 3anHCKaX 3aMeHSIeTCSI KpaTKHM o6paiueHHeM. Ho 3TH
naMATHble 3anHCKH He OKa3bIBaIOT cylueCTBeHHOrO BJIHHHH51 Ha
CHCTeMy 3nHCTOJJMPHOFO CTHJISI. (DOpMbI LIeJIO6HTbSI B o6palueHHH
H CaMOYHHiIH}KHTeJIbHble oueHKH B KOHUOBKaX XapaKTepHbI AJISI
nepBbIX nHCeM HeTpa I. OHH OTpa}KaIOT 0006eHHOCTH 3nHCTOJISIp-
HOrO CTHJIM KOHua XVII BeKa, B KOTOpOM eiue CHJIbHO BJIHSIHHe
uepKOBHO-KHH}KHOH CTHXHH. 9TO }Ke OTMetIaeT B. B. BHHorpaA0B
B paHHHX nHCbMaX uapeBma AJIeKceH IleTpy I Ao 1708 roJl.a 1).
IIeTP I npH6JIH}KaeTCH B CBOHX nHCbMaX K 4 opMe geJIo6HTHbIX.
Bce.1o6e3Hefiue i i naHe }KHBOTa Te.1ecHOro Jjpa Ka huei
Moei MaTyuiKe, rocyJ(apbIHe uapHue i BeJIHKOH KHMrHHe Ha-
TaJIHi KHpHJIOB-bH+., CbIHHIIIbKa TBOH, B pa6oTe npe6blBaiO-
ujeH, rleTpyurbKa 6JIaroCbJIOBeHHSI npouiy, a 0 TBOeMb 3Apa-
B14i CJIbIUIeTb xce.naio. (HucbMo N 6. 1689 a. T. I, cTp. 11) 2).
BceApaxcahUieH Moei MaTyurbX+:, HeJjocTOHHOi neTpyuiKa,
6JIaroCJIOBeHH5I npOCSI, ZIeJioM'b 6b}0 3a npHCblJI'bKy 3 AOXTy-
1 B. B. B H H O r p a A 0 B. O9epKH no HCTOPHH pycc oro JIHTepaTypHoro
133biKa XVII-XIX BB., YvneArn3, 1938 r., H3A. 2, cTp. M.
2 IlxcbMa H' 6yMaru HMnepaTapa IleTpa Be.aH,Kora, T. 1, 0116, 1887 r.,
B danbueurueM ece npuMepbc dalOTCA no 3TOMy u3l3atulo. SydyT yxa3aubl
AIM nuceM, CTpaHU14bL ToMa u eod HanucaHuH nucbMa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
pOM'b i 3 FaBpHJIOio, SIKO Hog HHOr'bj[a 0 MaCJIHwHQMb CyK'I;,
paAyloc5l i naxH weJloMb 6blo. (N 8, 1689, cTp. 18).
BpaTeu rocyAapb uapb IoaHH AJIeKC'heBHMb Cb HeB'L-
CTyIUKOIO, a Cb cBoeio CynpyrOlO, H Cb poxcj[eHHeM'b CBOHMb
B MHJIOCTH BOMKHeH 3ApaBCTByiiTe. (XP 10, 1689, cTp. 14-15,
T. I).
IIawe MKHTHSI Moero B MHpe ceMb JII06HMOIi MaTepH MOeli,
BeJIHKOIi r0CyAapblHH uapxue H BeJIHKOII KHHrHHe HaTaJIHi
KHpHJIOBH1 , HeAOCTOi4HbIi CbIHb TBOIi fIeTpyIHKa weJiOM 6b10
H, naKH Toro cj e npOC51, B03Bhuialo, LITO 6JIarOCJIOBeHHei'b
TBOHMb BO B'bCSIKOMb H306HJiHi npe6bIBaeMb Ha HOJI3y CBOKI.
(N-2 13, 1691, cTp. 15).
HaTaJIbx KHpHJIOBbHa. (N 17, cTp. 17, 1693 T. I.).
BceApoMKaliulaH paAocTb, rocyAapbwHSI MaTyUJKa uapuua
MOH rocyAapb npeB03JII06JieHHOIi, 6aTKO H 6paTb, uapb
IoaiHHb AJIeKcIeBHIq'b, HCTHHHO 'Bcero rocyjjapCTBa caoero
nOBeJIHTeJIb. 3apaB SI MKeJ1 TeIIbHO XOIljy Te6'i;, HKO OTILY, H
Cb cocynpyrolO TBOeIo, a Moeio rOCyAapbIHeIO HeB'bCKOIO, 'H
C'b pOMKAeHieMF3. 0 H3B+,meHIH wpe3b nHCBMO orb M'HJIOCTUI
TBOec 6paTUKOIi BO MHOrO B036JIaroAapHXb Bb TaKOMb AaJI-
HOMb pa3Jly'ueHIH H H'IiKaKyIO yT'ihXy BeJIHKy1O npHHSIJI'b
cepuuy CBoeMy, He SIKO CJIyXOM-b, HO SIKO YCTH'b. (N2 31,
cTp. 25. T. I. 1694 a.).
FocyAapb MOH 6paTb, uapb H BeJIHK1I3 KHH3b IOaHH AJIeK-
c' eBHwb! (N 47, cTp. 38-39. T. 11695).
Bce 3TH o6paIUeHHSI aj pecosaabl wJieHaM ceMbH fleTpa I,
T. e. 'K JI10ASIM, paBHbIM n0 nOJiOMKeH'HIO MOJIOfoMy rocyjLaplo.'CJie-
Ayer yIIHTbIBaTb, 'ITO Ao.iroe BpeMH fIeTp I AenHJI rlpeCTOJI CO
CBOHM 6paTOM I'IBaHOM AJIeKCeeBHIIeM. FIO3TOMy B o6pauLeHHHx
K HaTa.Ibe MaTepH fIeTpa), 6paTy (UBaHy AJieKceeBHwy) coxpa-
HSieTCSI oco6as ()opMa nOTITeHHSI, COOTBeTCTByIOIUaHi CTapbJM KHHMK-
HbIM HOpMaM 3THKeTa (CpaBHH C nHCbMaMH uapsi AJIeKceH MH-
XaHJIOBHwa K CTOJIbHHKy MaTIOIUKHHy). IIpH 3TOM HCHOJIb3ylOTC.9
cpeACTBa uepKOBHO-KHHMKHOIi JIHTepaTypbl, XapaKTepHbie AJIH CTH
JISI KfJieTeHHe CJIOBec> . Bee 3TH o6pameHHSI K 6JIH3KHM poACTBeH-
HHKaM XapaKTepH3ylOTCSi nOBbIUIeHHOH rHnep6DJIH3auHei, caMo-
yHHIIHMKHTeJIbHbIM oueHKaMH, CTHJieM weJIO6HTbH, CJIOMKHbIMH CHH.
TaKCHTIeCKHMH nepHOAaMH, HCHOJIb30BaHHeM CTapOCJIaBHHCKHX H
ApeBHepyCCKHX CJIOB.
ABTOp AaeT ce6e CaMOyHHwHMKHTeJIbHyIO OueHKy, xapa'KTepHyfo
Aim CTHJIH weJIo6HTHbIX, HCHOJIb3yH COOTBeTCTBy1OUjHe cy44HKCbl
npH ynoM'HHaHHH eBoero HMeHH. 'II'pH 3TOM 'HM HCnOJIb3yIOTCSI JIeK-
cHllecKHe cpeACTBa, BOCXBaJi5noujHL* co6eceAHHKa, H upSIMble 4 op-
MyJIbI Ileno6HTb$i. B o6paujerHHX npH ynOMHHaHHH MaTepH BCTpe-
IIaeM npHJlaraTeJIbxble B npeBOCx0AHOI3 cTelteHH >. (]JoHeiceHHe BOeBOAbI KHH3H fpHrO-pHSi POMO-
AaHoBcKoro. MaT. Pa3. I. Ns 1, cTp. 4), H noc.neAHero 6ecnpaBHO-
ro ilqejlosexa, CnoCO6HOrO 'B006me noaaTb geJio6HTHyIO>1).
HeCKOJIbKO McHHeTCH TOH o6pafueHHli B rHCbMax, aApecoBaH-
HbIX K 6paTy I4BaHy AJIeKceeBHqy. 3AeCb y}Ke He BCTpeqaeM Bbipa-
}KeHHH , >, T. e. o6pau>:eHHH C OT-
TeHKOM JIaCKOBOCTH McHee ApeBHH He}KeJIH >, , KOTO-
pb)e OTHOCHTCH K OCHOBHOMY CJIOBaPHOMy (4OHAy H BCTpe'aioTCH B
CaMbIX ApeBHHX naMHTHHKBX nHCbMeHHOCTH. I'ICHOJIb30BaHHe c.noa
KMaTyIIIKa>>, , B pa3rOBOPHOM H3bIKe Cpe3HeBCKHM
oTMegeHO 3a1OJiro AO HeTpOB-CKorO BpeMeHH H npeAnoJIO)KHTeJIb-
HO OTHOCHTCH K XVIB.
XapaKTepHbIM AJIH 9THX o6paMeHHfI HBJIHeTCH TO, 'T0 fleTp I
yHOTpe6JIHeT noA'Iac n~pa.IJIeJIbHO ()OPMbI KaK CTapoCJIaBHHCKHe
TaK H pYCCKHe (3ApaBHe - 3AOPOBbe). 3TO rOBOPHT 0 TOM, LITO
y3Ke B TO BpeMH AJIH nxcasiuero BTOpaq (j)opMa 6bIJIa npHBbI9-
Hee, XOTH OH H cTapajlCH COXpaHHTb BbICOKHf CTHJIb.
Xorx fleTp I CTapaercH COXpaHHTb B o6paujeHHHX cTapbie
,HOpMbI KHH)KHOCTH, HO 9T0 eMy, KaK OTMC'aJIOCb Bbllue, He BcerAa
yAaeTCH. )KH3Hb Tpe60BaJIa H3MeHeHHI H B CTapbiX npaBHJlax
Be](JIHBOCTH. Y)Ke B KOHue XVII B. B nHCbMaX fleTpa I B o6pa-
IueHHH K pOACTBeHHHKaM HaMe'IaeTCH ynpoujeHHe. BCTpe'iaeM
rrpocTbie KpaTKHe BOCKJIHuaHHH 6e3 HCHOJIb30BaHHH cpeACTB, Xa-
paKTepHbIX AJIH BbICOKOTO CTHJIH. 9TH o6pameHHH pe3KO pacxo-
AHTCH C BbiuIeyKa3a HHI>IM'H H 3Ha'HTeJIbHO npH6JIH}KaIOTCH K COB-
peMeHHOMy CTHJIIO nHCeM: OTCYTCTByIOT rHnep60JIbl, nO'TH HCYe-
3aIOT CTapOCJIBBHHH3MbI H CJIO)KHble npHJIaraTeJlbHble.
PaAocTb MOH! (N 15. 1693. T. I cTp. 16).
CeCTpHua, 3ApaBCTByf! (.*- 99. 16968. T. I cTp. 81).
Ho 9TH cJiyqaH noxa eiue peAKH Aaxce H B o6paiueHHH K
pOAHbIM.
B o6paIueHHBX K naTPHapXY - AyXOBHOMy JIHUY HCnOJIb3yeT-
CH KHH)KHbIff CTHJIb. 3Aecb aBTOp nHCeM CTpeMHTCH npH6JIH3HTbCH
K CTapbIM HOpMaM. B o6palueHHH nepeTIHCJIHeTCH nOJIHOCTb!O
THTyJI aApecaTa, B H306HJIHH HCHOJIb3YIOTCH CTapoCJIaBHHH3MbI II
A'peBHepyCCKHe JIeKCHqeCKHe cpeACTBa, ynOTpe6JIHK)TCH CJIO)KHbie
npHJlaraTeJlbHbie H cyujecTBHTeJIbHble. Pe3KOe pa3JIH'He xapax-
IOHOCTH wecrxoe 3epuano, 1719 r., cTp. 4.
2 PyccKHe noseCTH XVII-XVIII B. B. nog peg. K c npegHCJ1OBHeM
B. B. C H n o s c K o r o, T. 1, CM, 1905 r., cTp. 125.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Tepa o6pauueriii K AYXOBHOMy JIHUY H K pOAHbIM OLIeBHAHO, Ii
CBHAeTeaIbCTByeT 0 TOM, MTO HOBble SIBJIeHHSi elue HenpOnHO rlpO-
HHKJIH B H3bIK.
BCeCBHT'i'ikiU1eMy KHp'b AHApiaHy, box, KBJIaroaeHCT'BHSI>). 9TH CJIO}KHble CJIOBa B o6pauue-
HIHSIX HBJIHK)TCSI npHHaAJIe}KH'O'CTbIO KHH}KHOPO SI3bIKa TOrO 'BpeMe-
Hn. YKa3aHbl OHH H B c.noBape Cpe3HeBCKOro. fIpH o6p'a'3oBaHHH
3THX CJIOB HCrOJIb3yeTCSI KHH?KHbIfI uepKOBHO-CJIaBnHCKHrI Cy(p-
(pHKC - , KOTOpbIi Hap5IAy C Cyq)(pHKCOM - ynOT-
pe6JlneTcsl c ape&Hefinief riopbl.
B pa36HpaeMblx o6paInennslx BcTpeqaeM o61JIHe uepxoBHO-
CJIaBHHCKHX JIeKCHgeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB: 3Apasin, 6JIaroaeHCTBne,
6na'ronecTne, BKyn': ,CnoRo6KTHCq. (Cpa.BHH nHCbMa KceHHH Fo-
AyHOBOIi, MHxaHJIa (DeA'opoBHTIa, AJIeKceSI MHXaHJIOB.H4a).
IIeTp I, CTpeMHCb coxpaH'HTb KHH}KHbIFI CTHJIb, ycnaiuaeT pe'lb
CJIOBaMH KHp-b, apxienH'CKo'rrb, naTpiapX'b, 6oroMoJleu'b. 9TH CJIO-
Ba npncyluH PYCCKOMY 5I3bi'Ky 'C apeBHHX JIeT n 'npH'HaAJIe}KaT K
3aHMCTBOBaHHBM H3 rpeneCKOrO n3bIKa.1
I4HTepeCHO, LITO IIeTp I npH -ynoTpe6JIeHHH CJIOBa KeH'HSI1. Bce ycHJIHBaIoiuaSIca
eBponeH3auHH >KH3HH oTpa3HJIacb H B H3bIKe. HOBble KyJIbTypHble
3anpocbI o6HjeCTBa yJjO.BJIeTBOp,IJIHCb C fOMOa io nepesoua Ha
pyCCKHI3 5I3bIK CJIOB H Bblpa}KeHHIi, BbIpa6OTaHHbIX 3anaJjHoeBpo-
neIiCKHMH SI3bI'KaMH, a HHorAa ynOTpe6JleHHeM H caMHx HHOCT-
paHHbIX BblpaxceHHI3 6e3 nepeBOAOB. EBponeH3aUHR 06LUeCTBeH-
HOrO 6bITa BHOCHT H'OByiO MaHepy o6pauueHHTI B I1HCbMa IleTpa
BeJIHKoro. BJIHSIHHe HeMeUKOrO 513bIKa SIpKO OTpa}KeHO B o6pa-
U eHHSIX, KOTOpble BCTpegaeM B nHCbMax IIeTpa I. 3HaHHe HHO-
CTpaHHOrO ?513bIKa H ynoTpe6JieHHe ero 5I'BJISIJIOCb B 3TOT nepxoJj
HPH3HaKOM xopoHlero TOHa. B KeHHH yiieHHI3 ero HM-
nepaTOpCKorO BeJIH4eCTBa IleTpa BTOporo> rOBO'pHTCH: KHBble 5I3bIKH ynOTpe6JI5IIoTC5I K 06x01jH-
TeJib'CTBy, H CHe 3a yKpaIHeHHe fOMHTaeTCSI, KorAa KTO Iy>KHe
H3bIKH 3HaeT... Me>Kay >Ke HbIHe yHOTpe6JI5IeMbIMH SI3bIKaMH 6e3
COMHeHHSI HeMeuuKHA H Ippauy3CKHIi pa,I H HX nOtITH o6Hjero ynOT-
pe6JIeHHH BeJIHKOe npea npOTI1HMH nepBeHCTBO HMeIOT>2). KaK OT-
MegaeT B. B..BHHorpaa OB c o 40-x FO,I OB XVIII B. npeo6JlaJjaeT
3H'ager He HeMeUKoro SI3bIKa> 3).
B CBSI3H C 3THM B 06pameHHSIX IIeTp I HCHOJIb3yeT I)OpMbI
Be>KJIHBOCTH HeMeuxoro H3bIKa. B ero nHCbMaX nOCT'05IHHo nepe-
Me>Ka}oTCH o6panjeHHa, Ha3bIBaJowHe TOJIbKO HM5I H OTggeCTBO
aJ pecaTa, c o6panjeHHTMH, HanHCaHHbIMH ueJIHKOM Ha HeMeUKOM
H3bIKe, XOTSI fOCJieayJoujHIi TeKCT cyry6o pyCCKHIi. I-IaCTO nHCbMa
O1jHoro Fo La K OJjHOMy H TOMY >Ke JIHgy npHMepHo OAHHaKOBOro
coJ epxcaHHx HMe1OT KaK pycCKHe o6paujeHHH, TaK H HeMeUKHe.
Oegopl, MaTB1 eBH9b.
B nHCbMax K c. M. AnpaKCHHy. (N 12 1691 a., cTp. 14;
N 19, 20 1693 a. cTp. 17, 18; N 21, 22, 23 1694 a. cTp. 18,
19, 20).
Min Her.
B HHCbMax K AHJjpelo AHapeeBHgy BHHHycy. (N 27, 28
1694 a. cTp. 22, 23; N 52 1695 a. cTp. 44).
B nHCbMax K Oejiopy MaTBeeBH4y AnpaxcHHy. (N 32
1694 cTp. 25; N 34 1695 a. cTp. 27).
B HHCbMax K KpeBeTy. (N 39, 41, 46 1695 a. cTp. 31, 37,
33; N 53 1695 cTp. 45).
B nHCbMaX K POMO1[aHOBCKOMy. (N 41 1695 a. cTp. 32).
I4HorAa IIeTp I He BOJIHOCTbIO J1OHHCbIBaeT CJJOBa o6pauje-
HHH. TaK, B nHCbMe K A. A. BHHHyCy BCTpegaeM o6panjeHHe
M. Her (N 29 1694 a. cTp, 23 T. I). KpoMe 3THX otleHb KpaTKHX
o6paujeHHIi BCTpegaJoTCH 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 JjpyrHx eBporlexcKHx
SI3bIKOB. XapaKTepHO, 'ITO OHH yHOTpe6JISIIOTCH IIeTpOM I 6e3 nepe-
Oeaop MaTBeeBH1, Ns 20, 1693, cTp. 18, N2 22, 1694, cTp. 19.
2 LIHTHpyto no KHHre B. B. B H H o r p a A 0 B a. O4epKH no HCTOpHH
pyccxoro .nHTepaTypHOro B3bIKa XVII-XIX .BB., H3A. 2, M., 1938, cTp. 58.
3 Tam xce, cTp. 59.
23-328
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BO,Ija, a 9TO gaeT nOBOA 3aKJnO'IHTb, XITO 9TH 3aHMCTBOBaHHH 6bI-
JIH nOH$ITHbI OKpy}KaIOLUHM.
Min Her Guverneur Archangel.
B nHCbMax K (Deuopy MaTBeeBIgy AnpaKCHny. (N-. 33'
1694 a. cTp. 25; N 36, 35 1694 cTp. 28, 28).
Min Her Kenich.
B nHCbMBX K .(D. IOp. POMOAaHOBCKOMY. (N 37, 40, 44
1695 a. cTp. 29, 31, 34; N 51 54 1695 a. cTp. 43, 45).
Min Her General. ,N 43 1965 a.
B nxcbMe K IleTpy I'IBaHOBHgy ropuoHy.
cTp. 33).
Min Her heilige Vader.
B nxcbMe K IleTpy I-IBaHoBHgy 1bpAOHy. (N-V 43 1695 a..
cTp. 46).
Min Her Admiraliteic Her.
B nHCbMe K AnpaKCHHY. (J-? 395'1701 CTp. 474 T. I).
KH5I3b 4 eAOpb IOpbeBHI.
B nHCbMe K POMOAaHOBCKOMy (N 400, crp. 480 T. 11695 a.).
B OgeHb KpaTKOM o6paIueHHH Aa2TCH TOJIbKO HaHMeHOBaHHe
gHHa HJIH yKa3bIBaeTC5I coIuIaJIbHOe nOJlO}KeHHe 6e3 cooTBeT-
CTByIOMHX McTaC4op. BHAHO pa3JIHqHe B xapaKTepe o6pauieu01,
eCJIH cpaBHHTb HX C nHCbMaMH caps AJIeKcesI MHxaIiJIOBHga: KeJI'1;3HbIX'b 3aBOAOBb, 'ITO HHAe aaior
HXb, a HMSIHHO, Cb KOTOpbIX'b 3aBOAOBb He AaIOT'b. (N 271
1699 cTp. 284 T. I).
Bce npHBeAeHHble o6pameHHSI - BCTyfJIeHHS1 K nHCbMaM
I a10T HHTepecxbIl-I MaTepHaJI AJISI conocTaBJIeHHH HOBOro eBpo-
neHCKH-raJIaHTHOrO CTHJISI CO cTapblM TIeJI06HTHbIM. Hy3KHO OTMe-
THTb, TITO B CBSI3H C pa3BHTHeM raJIaHTHOrO 06paiueHH.9 Co6ecea-
HHKH nepeXOA51T OT CTaporo > K 6ojiee Be}KJIHBOMy . HO
3T0 06paIL eHHe eme He YCTOSIJIOCb, H, KaK BHAHO H3 npHBeAeHHbIX
npHMepOB, B oAHO13 H ToI3 >Ke Cppa3e LIacTO B Hagajle npeAJlo>KeHIISI
HMeeM unHCbMO TBoeD, a 3aTeM . I'IHTe-
peCHO, TITO B HHCbMax x OAHOMy H TOMy ace UHUy IIeTp I Aony-
CKaeT H TO H Apyroe o6pauieHne. Bce 3T0 rOBOpHT, 'ITO AaHHoe
SIBJIeHHe TOJIbKO HagIHHaeT BXOAHTb B MOAy, TOJIbKO Ha9HHaeT pac-
npOCTpaHSITbCSI. B. B. BHHOrpaAOB OTMegaeT, TITO KB 06pa11jeHI1H
Apyr c ApyroM paCnpOCTpaHSieTCSI , CMeILIHBaHICb CO CTapbIM
, KaK yKa3bIBaeT H. R. LIepHblX 2), OTHO-
CHTCSI K JIeKCH4eCKHM HOBIIIeCTBaM XVII B., XOTSI B 14. H. Cpe3HeBCKorO HaxoAHM eAHHCTBeHHbl13 npHMep, OTHO-
CSIIUHfICSI K XV B. HO, BO-nepBblX, UHTHpyeMbli 14. H. Cpe3HeB-
B. B. BR H o r p a A 0 B. O'tepxx... MA. 2, 1938 r., cTp. 56.
2 H. SI. LI e p H bI X. OgepiKe He CbICKaJI AOCTOIiHefUIeH Betbn1H. (..N-? 165, 1697,
cTp. 166, T. I. IHUCbAtO K (P. 10. PoModaKoackoMy.).
BCTpe'aIOTCH cTapble (pOpMbl , ynoTpe6JIeHHe
caMOyHH'IH}KHTeJIbHOH oueHKH i, KYe.io> H o603HaigeHHe
BpeMeHH KJrhTa):
IIHCbMO TBOe rocyAapcxoe, HOB6pS 19-ro in c.na nxeaH-
HOe, MH+, OTAaHO AeKa6pH B'b 20, Bb KOTOpOM H3BOJIHJIH fH-
CaTb 0 BameM rocyAapCKOM 3ApaBHH: Aa6bI H BnpeAb FoC-
noJjb BOrb npOJ oJIiKHJI OHOe Ha JI'hTa MHOra! (M 214, 1687,
CTp 226).
Ba)KHO, LITO BCe 9TH gepTbi npH6JIH)KeHHH CTHJIH nepenHCKH
K pa3rOBOpHO-AeJIoBOMy, OTKa3 OT CTapbIX HopM KHH)Kj-IOCTH H lie-
JIO6HTbC3l Ha6JIlQAaIOTCH He TOJIbKO B HHCbMax fleTpa I, HO H B
OTBeTaX ero COBpeMeHHHKOB, XOTH y nOCJIeAHHX 3TOT npoliecc Me-
Hee Bblpa}KeH. B HHX HeT KBOCTO'qHbIX> ()OpM rHnep6oJlHqecKHx
ynOTpe6JieHHl3 H BocxBaJIeHHl3 Co6eAHHKa, a 9KCnpecCH51 }KaJIKOrO
caMOyHH'qH1KeHHH-, eCJIH H noaaeTCH, TO B McHee Bblpa}KeHHOH
~bOpMe.
I'OCnoAHH'b 6onmoli 6oM6apJtblp'b. fHCMO TBOe Ao Hac
AOm,no B I LIacy H09H. (17ucbMO POA06HUHa A. M. K llerpy I
OT 1694 a.) I) .
flpeMHJIOCTllBOMy MoeMy rocyAaplo, npe'iecTHIlimeMy
6oM6apAHpy fIeTpy AJIeKC'?eBHgy 3ApaBCTBOBaTb CO BC1 MH
TaMO CTpaAaTeJIH HPOTHBb noraHOB'b 3a CBHTyIO uepKOBb H
npaBOBipHblX XpHCTiHH'b, nOA 6acypMaHCKHM HraMb My'Ia-
uinxCH. (IlucbMo AnpalccuHa K 17erpy I or 1694 a.)
FocyAapb MoI3 MHJIOCTHBOII, 3Apasie TBOe Aa coxpaHHT'b
FOcnoAb BO MHOri$ rlITa. (I7ucbA(O T. H. TonoaauHa K I7eT-
py I Or 1695 a.).
XOTH 9TH o6pameHHH (6ojiee pacnpocTpaxeHHble H mHpe Hc-
3IOJIb3yIOT KHH)KHble o60pOTbI), 60Jiee HaCblm;eHbl cTapocJIaBHHH3-
MaMH, HO H B HHX y3Ke He 'IyBCTByeTCH Toro caMOyHH%eHHH, KOTO-
poe XapaKTepH3yeT Bce HOpMbI XVII B. HeT B HHX H o6HJIHH Me-
Ta(pop, rxnep6o.l, KOTOpble peKOMeHAOBaJ1ocb ynOTpe6JIHTb. TaK,
B nHCbMOBHHKe XVII B. (pyKOIIHCb J1eHHHrpaacKOH f7y6JIH'IHOH
16H6JIHOTeKH XV 02) AaH flpHMep THIIHilHOro o6pauleHH51 K aApe-
caTy, KOTOpbIIi peKOMeHAyeTCH HCIIOJlb3OBaTb B rmCbMax: KIlpe-
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HbIM C OJ(HOpOAHbIMH CKa3yeMbIMH.
372
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
YHOTpe6JIeHHe COvHH}ITeJIbHoro npHCOeAHHHTeJlbHOro C0103a
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HOMY BpeMeHHOMy npeAJlo}KeHHIO,AejiaeT CJIO}KHoe npeAJlo}KeHHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
KpacHoe COJIHue cH Ieln, H TbI, rocyJLapb1HH, nepBblM }KeHaM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
IiepeA HHM, B rJIaBHOM nOCTHO3HTHBHOM npeAJIO}KeHHH ynoTpe6-
JISIeTC3I H COtIHHHTeJIbHbIII C0103 (TO )Ke MbI BHAHM H B npHMepax c
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2 M. 14. C p e 3 H e B C K H Ii, KMarepH,aJ[bi Aim cJloBapH...>, 1, 1250.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
To we H B naMSITHHKax AeJIOBOH nHcbMeHHOCTH XIV B. H S
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a KHHrb Y McH$1 Herb, KOJIH M$1 nOrpa6HJIH, HHH KHHrbI B354-
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PYJOIUHX ())OPM C HyJIeBOr{ ())JIeKCHeFi B POAHTeJIbHOM MHO}K. LI. MyxC-
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1 B e c e n o B a, 328-333.
2 KOCOBCKHH, 202.
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 I ..,1- .._ll__4..___. - .. ...
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B 46 TaKHX cpopM (npH 14 cJlyga Ix
xoJle6aH1IH) npOTHBOCTOBT 121 (popMe C Hy,neaoi ccJieKCHeH y cy-
lueCTBHTeJIbHbIX, BXOABIUHX B nepe4HcJIeHHble BblIIIe rpynnbI CJIOB,
npHgeM noJaBJISIIOLuee LIHCJIO HX npHXO,i[HTCH Ha CJIOBO KgeJIO-
BeKb>>.
IIpHBeAeM npHMepbl. 143 :
...KOJIMbIKH >Ke KOTOpOl3 3axoHb HJIH OTeub CBOHXb npe-
AaHHe Aep>KaTb, He B-LMb... 111. TaKO >Kb H OTb CHX'b HAO-
JIOnOKJIOHHHKb OTBpaTH BOr'b JIHue Me HJ! 358.
N3 ABpaaMHH IIaJIHubI,Ha:
Ce y6o Aa pa3yM-I;eTCH rp1xb Bcei3 PocHH', Heco paAH
0Tb npOtIHXb B3bIKb n0CTpaAa... 17-18. ...B03CJIaH3qxyC5I Ha
LIIOAOTBOPHbIB rpO6bl LJ J16OHOCHbIXb MOluel BeJIHKHX-b 910-
l oTBOpeub IleTpa H I'Ioxbi... 31. KoJIb >Ke >KeCTOKO cepAue
H3M1EHHHKb 6EHIlle Ha CBOIO 6paTHio, npaBOC.naBHbixb xpH-
CTHHH'b! 40.
AATEJIbHbIf MHO)K. 9. MY)KCKOTO PO,I.JA
IIpouecc YCBoeHHB HOBOH (f J1eKCHH JtaTeJlbHbIM MHO>K. My)K-
cxoro poAa HaH6oJiee HHTeHCHBHO npOTexaeT B XVII B. ECJIH B
AeJIOBOM B3bIKe MOCKOBCKHX HPHKa30B nepBOi3 nOJIOBHHbI XVII B.
Ha CTapy}O (pJIeKCHIO -oMb r1pHXOAHTCB 6OJiee )Isyx TpeTeH (2/3)
Bcex c.nytiaeB 1, TO B AOKyMeHTax, CBB3aHHbIX C BOCCTaHHCM C. Pa-
3HHa, HOBaR (pJIeKCHB -aMb y we HeCKOJIbKO npeo6JlaaaeT 2.
Ho (,JIeKCHB -OMb 6blJIa gpe3Bbma9HO CTOI%IKOl3 H Aep>KaJIacb
OqeHb AOJIro. 06 9TOM CBHAeTeJIbCTBYIOT nOKa3aHHB CO HHeHHH
F. KorouiHxnHa (3Aecb 4)JIeKC13IO -oMb HMe1OT 86 CJIOB B 6ojiee qem 500 CJIy-
4aBX, (pJI.eKCH}O -aMb - ToJlbxo 12 CJIOB3, YJIo>KeaHB 1649 r.,
I BeceJ-oBa, 354.
2 KHpHyeHKO, 113, 119.
3 KOCOBCKHN, 240.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
B KOTOpOM K4acTO> BcTpe,iaeTCa cTapasI (4JieKCHSI1, BopoHexc-
CKHX rpaMoT XVII B. (c napaJIJleJlbHbiM yfOTpe6JieHHeM o6eHx
(4JIeKCIIIi 2, npOCTopegHoro KOHTeKCTa npoTonona ABBaKyMa 3.
A awe CaMbIi3 JierKHlt HaaeT KHH)KHOCTH yJjep)KHBaeT CTapyIo
(JIeKCHK) -0M'b KaK uy6JIeT (pJIeKCHH -aM'b. I-Ipeo6JIaJ(aHHe HOBOH
(pJIeKCHH B . e .I(OKyMeHTOB, CB93aHHbIX C BOCCTaHHeM C. Pa-
3HHa, 06'BSICHHeTCSI HaH6oJIbHIefI 6JIH30CTbIO 3TOr0 K3bIKa K }KH-
BOMy npOCTOpelmK), B KOTOpOM, OlqeBHJ(HO, HOBa$I (pJIeKCHSI C ce-
pe.i(HHbI BeKa Haga.la 6paTb Bepx.
06 oco60H CTOIiKOCTH ()JIeKCHH -OM'b rOBOpHT ee npeo6Jiai a-
HHe elue B nHCbMaX H 6yMarax IleTpa 1 (800 CJlytiaeB H3 1400) 4.
KHHXCHO-PHTOPHLIeCKHe CTHJIH H3bIKa XVII B. nOtITI3 HCKJIIO-
iIHTeJIbHO rIOJIb3yK)TC5I (4JICKCHeH -OMb. B :
...OHa B03B'??CTHJIa o ceMb B'?.I aTb npel( I(apeBbI HaJiaTbl
i 14 epHbix, 287.
2 )KapKHx, 187.
8 FT. R. LI e p H bi X, o)KHTHe npGTOnona ABBaKyMa, HM caMHM HanHCaH-
HOeA, KaK naMHTHHK ceaep'HO-Benaxopyccxoll pe9H XVII CT., MpxyTCK, 1927.
4 CeMHH, 32'8.
IOCTpaTOBa, 174.
c P p o n o B a, B. 13, 1955, cTp. 217.
7IOcTpaToBa, 126.
26-328
401
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
carxJIHTOM'b... 37. BHAeBb roHeHHe H MHTe}K'b BeJIHK Ha
AOMb ...22. ...HeMaJIb }Ke 3a3op"b CMOJISIHOMb HaBeAe... 34.
TBOPHTEJIbHbIf MHO)K. `I. MY)1(CK000 POAA
B AeJIOBOM H3bIKe XVII BeKa TBOpHTeJIb'HbIf4 MHO)K. MY)KCK.
poAa aKTHBHO yCBaHBaeT J-IOByJO (4JIeKCHIO -aMH H3 )KeHCKOrO
CKJIOHeHHH OCHOB Ha -a.
B AeJIOBbIX JAOKyMeHTax MOCKOBCKHX 11 HKa3OB 1-oFi nOJl.
XVII B. KB 6OJIbUIHHCTBe cjiy~iaeB Ha6JHQAaIOTCH cTapbie 4)JleKCHH
-bi, -H>>'. Ha AoJIK) 4)JIeKCHH -aMH npHXOAHTCH Bcero 16% Bcex
cJlytiaeB TBOpHTeJIbHOrO MHO}K.
B YJio}KeHHH 1649 r. 2.
B BopoxexccKHx rpaMOTax .XVII B. 4)JleKCH51 -aMH pacnpo-
CTpaHHJIaCb AOBOJIbHO IIIHpOKO, HO ei.ge yCTynaeT CTapoi (~JIeK-
cHH 3.
B COIIHHeHHH F. KOTOAIHXHHa KO PoccHH B uapcTBOBaHiie
AJIeKceH MHxaf4JIOBHtIa> HOBa5 (4JIeKCHH -aMH y}Ke npeo6JlaAaeT
(HOByIO (pJ1eKCHIO HMeIOT 48 CJIOB, cTapyio - 32; 13 CJIOB KoJIe6-
JIIOTCH 4) . Ilpeo6JlaAaeT HOBa5 (4JIeKCHH 'H B H3bIKe AoKyMeHTOB,
CB513aHHbIX C BOCCTaHHeM C. Pa3HHa 5.
B nHCbMax H 6yMarax rleTpa I cTapbie 4)OpMbI ynOTpe6JIeHbI
B 350 cjiyxiasx H3 8006.
F. .llyaOJIb(f) B CBoei rpaMMaTHKe oTMegaeT TOJIbKO ())JIeK-
CHIO -aMH (ropoAaMH) 7.
KHH}KHO-pHTOPvmeCKHe CTHJIH npeACTaBJI1IOT TBOpHTeJIbHbIfI
MHO}K. My)K. poAa B ApyroM COCTOHHHH. 3AeCb BIIOJIHe rocnoa-
CTByeT CTapa} (JIeKCHH -bI, -H. B Ha
381 cJiyuafi ynOTpe6JIeHHH CTapofi 4)JIeKCHH -bI (-H) npHXOAHTCH
JIHIIIb 48 cJIyiaeB c 4).IexcHef4 -aMH. To }Ke caMoe Ha6JIIoAaeTCH H
B ABpaaMHH rlaJIHljblHa, B KOTOpOM (4OpMbl Ha -aMH
eAHHHLIHbi 8. rlpaBAa, cJiyqaeB C HOBOip4 (pJieKCHefi 3AeCb OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO 6oJIbine, qeM B AaT-OM H McCTHOM naAe}Kax. CHCTeMaTH-
4IeCKH ynOTpe6JIHeTCH CTapai 4)JIeKCHH H B paHHHX 6bITOBbIX no-
BecTHx XVII B. 9.
I BecenoBa,358.
2 MepHbix, 295.
3 )KapKHx, 191.
4 KOCOBCKH{i, 258.
6 KHpHVeHKO, 113, 114.
6 CeMHH, 335.
7 B. A. JI a p H H, JIy1.IO,3b4)a 1696 r., JI., 1937.
cTp. 121.
8 IOcTpaTOBa, 176.
9 4> p o JI o B a, B. 13, 1955, cTp. 223.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
rlpHBe'aeM HeCKOJIbKO npHMepoB. 143 4CCH6HpCKHX JieTOnH-
cei :
...HHO x{e ROCTOB'5pHbIMH My)KH HCnbITOBaxb e>Ke Ao6pE
H HeKOCHeHO noB'LAauia MH SIBE. 106. Ilo ceM x{e npHH,goiua
H HHHH OCTHKH, CO MHOrHMH )Kb AapbI H 3anaCbi ... 205. ...OT'b
npOCTbIXb Jlioiiei3 H36pa Borb H BOOpyx{H CnaBOIO H paTO-
60p,bCTBOM'b H BOJIHOCTHIO aTaMa.Ha EpMaKa THMO(3eeBa cbI-
Ha I-IOBOJICKoro CO eAKHOMbII1IJIeH'bHHKH ...237.
143 :
...IOHOIUH... fIOSICbi YKpaiueHbI 3JIaTbIMH... 29.
MECTHbIA 'MHO)K. 4. MY)K. POAA
McCTHbII3 MHOx{. Myx{CK. po a nOA06HO AaTeJIbHOMy H TBO-
pHTeJIbHOMy, TOx{e npeTepnen CYIueCTBeHHble H3MeHeHHH B AeJio-
BOM' SI3bIKe Ha npOTSlx{eHHH XVII BeKa. (DJIeKCHIO -axb OH HaiiaJi
YCBaHBaTb yx{e AaBHO (KOHeu XIII - HagaJIO XIV B.), HO aKTH-
BH3auHH H (paKTHLIeCKOe 3aBepUIeHHe Toro npouecca nagaloT Ha
XVII sex.
B AeJIOBbIX aOKYMeHTax MOCKOBCKHX nPHKa30B 1-OI3 noJI.
XVII Bea McCTHblii MHO)K. Myx{CKOrO poj a OKa3bIBaeTCSI HaH60-
JIee npOrpeCCHBHbIM no CpaBHeHHIO c AaTeJlbHbIM H TBOPHTeJIbHbIM
naAewaMH. OH HaCHHTbIBaeT 33 % HOBbIX (pOPM Ha -axb 1. 14 Bce.
iKe CTapaSI (pJIeKCHSI ewe BHOJIHe rocnOACTByeT.
44aCTO> yn0Tpe6JISIIOTCSI (IOpMbI Ha -1 Xb B SI3bIKe YJiox{eHHU
1649 r. 2.
rlpeo6Jla,aaeT cTapasl (3JIeKCHSI H B cotlHHeHHH F. KoTOUIH-
XHHa H npaBHJIb-
HOCTb H JIHTepaTypHOCTb pe'H 1. K 3TOR OIjeHKe AKCaKOBa npHcoe-
AHHHeTCH r03)Ke H aKaaeMHK A. H. Co60JIeBCKHII, KOTOpbIIf 3aAB-
JI51JI, TITO pyCCKHII A3bIK >, TITO HM HOJIb3OBaJIHCb TOJIbKO KJI}OJ H CO CJIa6bIM o6pa-
30BaHHeM>>, TITO KeHO B
pa6oTax M. A. MaxdHMOBnga 3, K. C. AKCaKOBa 4 H A. H. Co6o-
JIeBCKOrO 5. 3TO HanpaBJIexne npHO6peTaeT MHOro CTOpOHHHKOB,
CTaHOBHTCA IIHPOKO paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIM H YKOpeHAeTCA B CHJIy
COOTBeTCTBH5 > 6,
Ha6JIloAeHHe Haa coAep}KaHHeM H 06oCHOBaHHeM OCHOBHbIX
nOJIO}KeHHIt rocnOACTBOBaBiueI3 KOHIZenLLHH npHBOAHT K BbIBOAy,
TITO BbICKa3bIBaHHA npeACTaBHTeJIeII 3TOIi JIHHHH IBHO OCHOBBIIbI
Ha npHHIjHnax HAeaJIHCTHTIecKOH 4JHJI000(JHH, OCo6eHHO APKO BbI-
pa)KeHHbIX B (popMe o6'beKTHBHOrO HAeaJIH3Ma B nOCTpoeHHAX
K. C. AKcaKOBa; cy6-beKTHBHbIII HAeaJIH3M ApKO CKa3bIBaeTG59,
K. C. A K C a K 0 B. JIOMOHOCOB B HCTOpHH PYCCKOI1 nHTepaTypH H pyC-
CKOrO B3bIKa, M., 1846 r., cTp. 127, 182, 214, 275.
2 A. H. C 0 6 0 JI e B C K H H. PyCCKHF1 JIHTepaTypHbIA 5I3blK (TpyAbi IIep-
BOrO C'be3Jja npeno aBaTeJle i pycCKoro A3bwKa B BoeHHo-y'e6Hbix 3aneAeHHBx,
CII6, 1904, cTp. 365--36&).
3 M. A. M a K C H M 0 B H Y, Co6paxoe CogHHeHHR, KHeB, 1880, T. III,
(HCTOpHH ApeBHepyccxott CJIOBeCHOCTH)~, cTp. 78-79, 440, 443.
4 K. C. A K C a K 0 B. JIOMOHOCOB B HCTOpHH pyccxOil JIHTeparypbl H pyc-
CKoro 313bIKa, M., 1.846 r.
5 A. H. C o 600 a e B C K H Il. PyCCKHFI JIHTepaTypHbIfl H3bIK. Tpy;Ijbl Ilep-
Boro cbe3aa npenojjaBaTeJIeH pycCKoro H3bHKa B BoeHH0-yge6HblX 3aBeAeHHHX,
CrIB, 1904.
6 C. IF. BapxyAapoB, B. B. BHHorpauoB. PeueH3HH Ha KHHry
aKa,IIeMHKa C. U. O6HOpCKoro KOgepKH no HCTOpHH PyCCKoro JIHTepaTypHoro
H3blKa CTapiuero n?epnoAa> (}KypHaji KCOBeTCKaH KHHra>, N9 1, 1941, cTp. 110).
27-328
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 1......11 _ .....L __._. _..._.._...
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HanpHMep, B paboTe C. K. ByJiHtia 1. BblcTynaeT H TecHO cs93aii-
Hoe C 3THM MHpoBo33peHHeM 4Ipe3Mepxoe npeyseJIHT.leHHe poJIH
LjePKOBHOrO BJIHHHHSI H peJIHrHO3HOf4 HAeoJIorHH B pa3BHTHH pyC-
CKOH KyJlbTypbl H pyCCKOI'O JIHTepaTypHOrO 5I3bIKa. B 3TOM CKa3a-
JIOCb xapaKTepHoe CBOI3CTBO HAeaJIH3Ma, Ha KOTOpOe yKa3bIBaJI
B. 14. JIeHMH: KHJLea.JIH3M eCTb OAHOCTOPOHHee, npeyBeJIH'leHHoe...
pa3BHTHe (pa3AyBaHH~e, pacnyxaHHe) OAHOH H3 llepTOTIeK, CTOpOH,
rpaHei nO3HaHHSi B a6COJIIOT, OTOpBaHHbIft OT MaTepHH, OT npHpO-
J1;bI, o6o)KeCTBJIeHHbIH. 14I(eaJIH3M eCTb nOnOBIIIHHa>> 2 . 4pe3BbI4aH-
HO XapaKTePHO TaKMKe IIJISI npeACTaBHTeJIeH 3TOH JIHHHH HeKpHTH-
gecKoe BOcnpOH3BeaeHHe JIHHI'BHCTHgeCKHX H (~HJIOCO(pCKHX
B3rJIS1AOB 3anaAHOH EBpOnbl: KnbeJIyxa rereJIH3Ma>> 3 B JIHHrBH-
CTH,IeCKHX nOCTpoeHHHx AKcaKOBa; CCbIJIKH Ha 3anaA y Co6oJIeB-
CKOrO; npexe6pe)KeHHe HJIH yHHMKeHHe caMOCTOSITeJIbHoro 3Haqe-
HHSI pyCCKOI3 KyJIbTypbI Boo61 ae H PYCCKoro JIHTepaTyPHoro 5I3bIKa,
B lqaCTHOCTH, LITO OCO6eHHO HPKO npoxBHJIOCb B ouHKe >. 3TOT naMSITHHK SIBJISieTCH KaK 6bI np06HbIM
KaMHeM: no OLjeHKe 3TOT0 npOH3BeAeHH51 MO)KHO onpeaeJISITb CTO-
pOHHHKOB Toro HJIH i pyroro H3 yKa3aHHbIX JIHHrBHCTHtIeCKHX Ha-
npaBJIeHHH. B TO BpeMM, KaK CTOpOHHHKH pyccxoro npoHcxoMKAe-
HHH H pyCCKOH OCHOBbI pyccxoro JIHTepaTypHoro SI3bIKa paccMaT-
pHBaIOT KaK LOCTOSIHHe apeBHepyCCKOH
13bIKOBOH KyJlbTypbi, npeRCTaBHTeJIH TpaAHUHOHHOrO HanpaBJie-
HHSI JIH6O paCCMaTpHBaJOT erO KaK npOH3BeAeHHe I[epKOBHOCJIa-
BAHCKOTO 513bIKa (MaKCHMOBHq), JIH60, npH3HaBa5i OCO6biH CTPOH
ero 5I3bIKa, OTJIH*laiou fIc5i OT 5I3bIKOBOH uepKOBHOCJIaBSIHCKOH
CHCTeMbI, Bblpa)KaloT COMHeHHe B ero nOAJIHHHOCTH H OTpHuauOT
B03MOMKHOCTb erO B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha pyCCKOH noqBe (AKCaKOB),
JIH6o, corJIaLuasICb C TeM, HTO 3T0 npOH3BeaeHH'e P.ycCKoe, He C'IH-
TaIOT, O)[HaKO, B03MOMKHbIM paccMaTpHBaTb H3bIK 3TOr0 npOH3Be-
AeHHSI, KaK 5I3bJK JIHTepaTypHbIH (Co60JIeBCKHH).
YTBep}KAeHHe PYCCKoro npoHcxo)KAeHHSH H pyCCKOH OCHOBbI
PYCCKoro JIHTepaTypHOro H3bIKa TeCHO C~7BH3aHO C HMeHaMH nepe-
AOBbIX aeSITeifef HaLHei HayKH: M. B. ,BoMOHOCOBa, M. F. Katie-
HOBCKoro, H. M. KapaM3HHa, H. 14. HaaeMKAHHa, H. H. Cpe3HeB-
CKOro, M. H. CyXOMJIHHOBa. HM npHUIJIOCb BeCTH ynopHyuo 6Opb6y
C peaKIZHOHHbIMH B033peHH5IMH 0 Heculoco6HOCTH PYCCKoro Hapo.r a
CO3AaTb co6CTBeHHyIO KyJlbTypy, caMOCTOSITeJIbHbIH JIHTepaTypHbIH
5I3bIK. OTCTaHBa5I tleCTb pyCCKOH HayKH H TBOpt4eCKHe B03MOMKIiO-
CTH pyCCKOrO HapoAa, OHH CTOSIT Ha TO'IKe 3peHH5I caMo6blTHoro
B03HHKHOBeHHSI PYCCKoro JIHTepaTypHOrO H3bIKa H ero pyCCKO
KopeHHOH OCHOBbI. He OTPHIiaH 3HagHTeJIbHOCTH p0JIH CTapocJIa-
B5IHH3MOB B CTpyKType Haluero JIHTepaTypHoro 3I3bIKa, OCO6eHHO
I C. K. B y JI H Y. UepKOBHocJIaBHHCKHe aneMeHTbI B COBpeMeH'HOM nHre-
paTypHOM H HapOAHOM pyCCKOM H3bIKe, Y. 1, 1893.
2 B.` M. JI e H H H. tD,HJIOCOQICKBe TeTpaAH. COgIHH'eHHH, H3A. 4, T. 38,,
cTp. 360-361.
3 Bbipax{eHHe A. H. fIHCapeaa (
(Cpe3HeBCKHI3) 2, KaK > (CyXOMJIHHOB) 3. Pa60TbI CTOPOHHHKOB
3TOPO HanpaBJIeHHH - He XOJIOAHble cyxHe TpaKTaTbI, a SIPKa5l,
3MOUI40HaJIbHasI, nOJIeMmeCKH 3aOC'TpeHHaSi petib, npOHHKHyTa51
tIyBCTBOM ropSiTlero naTpHOTH3Ma. OCHOBHble yTBep>KAeHHH HX
HCXOA5IT He H3 npejjB3SITbIX a6CTPaKTHbIX (~HJIOCO4)CKHX cxeivi
(KaK, HanpHMep, Y K. C. AKcaKOBa), a BbITeKaIOT H3 TIUaTeJlb-
HOFO, HaHp5i>KeHHOI'O H3yteHHSI CTPO51 ApeBHepyCCKoro JIHTepa-
TypHor0 513bIKa, HapOAHbIX rOBOpOB, ApyrHX CJIaBSIHCKHX 5I3bIKOB.
14 HaAe KaHH, H Cpe3HeBCKHi3, H CyXOMJIHHOB - npeKpaCHbie 3Ha-
TOKH B BTOfi o6JIaCTH, o 'IeM CBHAeTeJlbCTBy}OT HX HaytiHble TPyAbi,
113 KOTOPbIX HaH60JIee BbIAQJIHeTC51 orpOMHoe HaygHoe Hac ieAHe
Cpe3HeBCKOrO H oCO6eHHO erO 3aMetIaTejlbHble - COKPOBHIiLHHIja JIeKCHtieCKoro
H CTHJIHCTHTIeCKOrO 60raTCTBa ApeBHepyCOKOI3 IIHCbMeHHOCTH AO
XIV BeKa.
HaJIHLIHe ABYX aHaMeTpaJIbHO nPOTHBOf0J10>KHbIX B033peHHft
Ha npOHCXO>KAeHHe H COCTaB PYCCKoro JIHTepaTyPHOrO SI3bIKa, BeCb
HCTOPH,qeCKHfi XOA CO3AaHH1I 3THX KOHuenuHfi H caMoe coaep>KaHne
HX OCHOBHbIX noJIo}KeHHH TeCHO CBM3aHbl Co BCeM XOAOM HCTOpH-
tieCKoro Pa3BHTHH PYCCKOI3 KYJIbTYPbI H HBJISIIOTCSI, HO-BHAHMOMV,
OTpa)KeHHeM AByX OCHOBHbIX JIHHHI1 BO BCefi pyCCKOfI KyJlbType,
YKa3aHHbIX B. M. JIeHHHbIM, KOTOpbIf3 nxcaJl, MTO B YCJIOBHAX
KJIaCCOBOrO o6HjecTBa HeT e)HHOfI HaUHH H HeT eAHHOf1 HaijHO-
HaJIbHOI3 KyJlbTypbI; B pyCCKOH HaUHH 6bIJIO n0 cynjecTBy ABe
HaI(HH, 'H B PVCCKOf( KyJlbType - ABe KyJlbTypbI, peBOJI1OIjHOHHOf1
AeMOKpaTHH H peaKijHOHHOfI 6yp>Kya3HH 4. PacCMaTpHBasI BbI-
ABHHVTbie ABe pa3JIH14Hb1e JIIjHrBHCTHtieCKHe rHHOTe3bI 0 npOHC-
XO>KAeHHH PYCCKoro JIHTepaTypHOrO H3bIKa B CBeTe npHBeAeHHoro
yKa3aHHSi B. M. JIeHHHa, c.IeAyeT npH3HaTb, 'ITO rHIIOTe3a CTapo-
CJIaBSIHCKOrO npOCXO)KAeHHH PYCCKoro JIHTepaTypHOrO 513bIKa B
XIX BeKe BbIABHraJIaCb H HCXOAHJIa H3 peaKL HOHHbIX KPyrOB pyc-
CKOc o6u eCTBeHHOl3 MbICJIH, a. fHf0Te3a PYCCKoro npOHCXO>KAeHIis
I H. H. H a A e )K A H H. EBponeH3M H HapO1 HOCTb QKypHaa KTea Kon>,
Ns 1, 1836).
2 14. H. C p e 3 H e H C K H A. MHCAH 06 HCTOpHH PYCCKoro 93bIKa, CII6,
1887, CTp. 91.
3 M. M. C Y X 0 M A H H 0 B. 0 ApeBHeft pYCCKOH AeTOfHCH KaK naMHTHH-
Ke AnTepaTypaoM, CI16, 1856, cTp. 221-222.
4 B. H. JI eH H H. Coq., H,-A. 4-oe, T. 20, cTp. 16.
27* 419
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
pyccxoro JIHTepaTypaoro 513bIKa OTCTaHBa.Iacb nporpeCCHBHbIMH
AeSITeJISIMH PYCCKOH HayKH.
B XX BeKe B AaalbHeHiueM pa3BHTHH 3THX AByx rHnOTe3 3aMe-
gaeTCSI pe3KHH nepeJloM. roCnOACTBOBaBwa 1 TeopHH, HeCMOTpHH Ha
noAAep}KKy CO CTOpOHbI TaKHX KpyfHblX JIHHI'BHCTOB, KaK aK. CO-
60JIeBCKHH H aK. IIIaXMaTOB, nOCTeneHHO CJ(aeT CBOH HO3HUHH
(LIaCTHLIHO y}Ke B pa6oTax 3THX HCCJIeAOBaTeJIeH), nOABepraeTCSI
B HayKe BCeCTOpOHHeH npOBepKe H KpHTHKe, yTpaLIHBaeT CBoe roc-
nOACTByFOiuee no.lo}KCHHe, nPH3HaeTC5I HeHay'IHOH H OTBepraeTCH.
BbIABHraIOTCSI Apyrne npeAnonoxceHHH H rHnOTe3bI o npoHCxWK-
AeHHH PYCCKOH nHCbMeHHOCTH H pyCCKOI'o JIHTepaTypHOro H3bIKa:
aKaA? B. 14. JIaMaHCKOrO1, KOTOpbIH, paCCMaTPHBax BOHPOC 0
B03HHKHOBeHHH PYCCKO 9 nHCbMeHHOCTH, OTMe'laJl BbICOKy1O HapoA-
HO-513bIKOBy10 KyJlbTypy apeBHeH PYCH XI BeKa; axaa. H. K. HH-
KOJIbCKOr02, o6paTHBHlerO BHHMaHHe Ha TeCHy1O CBSI3b apeBHe-
PyCCKoro JIHTepaTypHoro 513bIKa C 3anaAHocJIaB51HCKOH KyJIbTypOH;
JI. H. SIKy6HHCKOro 3, B3FJIHAbI KOTOporo 6JIH3KH K TeOPHH aKaA.
C. H. O6HOpCKoro 4, KOTOpbIH B pe3yJlbTaTe g3bIKOBOro aHaJIH3a
pHAa ApeBHepyccKHx naMHTHHKOB nHCbMeHHOCTH BbICTynHJI C
onpoBep}KeHHeM TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH TeOpHH IIIaXMaTOBa H B03POAHJI
TeOPHIO pyCCKOrO npoHcxo}KAeHHH pyCCKOrO JIHTepaTypHOrO 513bI-
Ka. DTa TeopHH CTaHOBHTCSI B r[eHTpe BHHMaHHSI HaHIHX JIHHrBH-
CTOB H yCHJIeHHO pa3pa6aTb!BaeTCH COBeTCKHM H3bIKO3HaHHeM 6.
Ha IV Me}KAyxapo, HOM c'be3Ae cJIaBHCTOB npo6JleMbl o6pa-
3OBaHHH H pa3BHTHH ApeBHepyCCKoro JIHTepaTypHOrO 5I3bIKa nO-
JIyMHJIH HOBOe ocBenleHHe B coo611 eHHH axajeMHKa B. B. BHHO-
rpa,ROBa 6, yxa3aBnlero Ha HeAOCTaTOLIHy}o pa3pa6oTaHHOCTb 3T0-
r0 BOnpoca H Ha HeAOnyCTHMOCTb H3JIHIUHec rIpsIMOJIHHeHHOCTH H
OAHOCTOPOHHOCTH B ero pa3peweHHH.
B nOCTpoeHHSix aK. A. A. LllaxMaTOBa nocaleAHHH apKHH OT-
6JieCK roCnOACTBOBaBLIeH B ero BpeM51 TeopHH CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT
COBCeM He o paCi(BeTe 3TOH TeopHH, a HMeHHO o ee yracaHHH. He-
I B. M. JI a m a H C K N N. CnaBHHCKOe ?KHTHe CB. KUpHnna KaK peJIHrHO3-
HO-BnH4eCKoe npOH3BeAeHHe H KaK HCTOpH4eCKHH HCTO4HHK,1904.
2 H. K. H H K 0 n b C K HA. 5.
... 2.
E)To anpxopaoe, HH4eM He 06OCHOBaHHOe nono)KeHHe LUaX-
MaTOB BnoCJIeACTBHH 3aMeHHJI ApyrHM, 6oJi a npaBAonOAo6HbIM
(cM. HH)Ke CTp. 431).
4. 0 nHCbMeHHOM JIHTepa'TYPHOM H3bIKe
4cjpeBHe6oJlrapCKHH H3bIK, CTaBIIIHH Ha PyCH 513bIKOM uepK-
B'H, fOJIy4HJI IBMecTe 0 TeM 3'HageHHe rIH('bMeHHOrO 513bIKa> ...
> 3.
ulaxmaTOB 30eCb TaK }Re, KaK H Apyrxe ygeHble, nOBropHeT
TpaAHUHOHHOe conOCTaBJIeHHe pa3BHTH51 py(-CKOTO JIHTepaTypHO-
ro 513b1Ka c pa3BHTHeM JIHTepaTYPHbIX 513bBKCB B 3anaAHOH EBpO-
ne: KCJIeaOBaTe.IbHO, ApeBHHH Pycb He H36e)KaJla Toro caMOrO
HBJIeHHH, KOTOpoe 6bIJI0 nepe)KHTO Ha 3ana,i a BCeMH HapOaHOCTH-
MH: CBOH 4yBCTBa H ,ILYMbI npHAIJIOCb Bblpa)KaTb He Ha pOAHOM,
a Ha HH03eMHOM H3bIKe>>. OAHaKO WaXMBTOB YCTaHaBJIHBaeT OT-
JIH4He B pa3BHTHH pyccxoro JIHTepaTYPHoro A3blKa: 1) B TOM, 4TO
I A. A. 1.11 a x M a T O.B. I(ypC HCTOPHO py 2.
> 5.
3Aecb CHOBa nOBTOPHKITCH yTBep)KAeHHH TpaAHIIHOHHOH Teo-
pHH, HO 6e3 TOR npe3pHTeJIbHO-npeHe6pe>KHTeJIbHOII OKpaCKI3 B
O6pHCOB'Ke pyCCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB, KaKyJO HaxoAHM, HanpHMep, y
AKCaKOBa H Co60JIeBcKoro. HaMetiaeTC1 6o.iee geTKoe >KaHp,o-
BOe aeJIeHHe JIHTepaTypHoro 513bIKa: II,epKOBHbIH, CBeTCKHI{, AeJiO-
BOII, XOTH nepBbie ABa )KaHpa fOiITH OTOMKAeCTBJIHKITCH.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, B 3TOI( 60JIee paHHeI3 pa60Te A. A. IIIaxMa-
TOB JIHIIIb HOBTOPIeT OCHOBHble aHPHOPHbie npeAnoJ1O)K HHH Tpa-
AHUHOHHOI( TeopHH, yaeJIHH B CBH3H C 3THM HaH6OJlbniee BHHMaHHe
HMeHHO H3bIKy L[epKOBHOMy, C KOTOpbIM OH HOqTH CJIHBaeT JIHTe-
paTypHblli 5I3bIK ApeBHepYCCKOII nHCbMeHHOCTH, IIpH3HaBas npa-
Ba PYCCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB TOJIbKO B AeJIOBOII peqH.
11. HeCKOJIbKO HO3AHee, B < O9epKe COBpeMeHHOTO PYCCKOCO
H3bIKa> (1-oe JIHTorpa4). MA. - CII6, 1913 r.) aK. LUaXMBTOB
I Tam we, cTp. 200-201.
2 Tam MK e, CTp. 209. (JAeCb H B XaJlbHekIH1eM Bbl,lieJleHO MHOIO- 3. M.).
3 Tam )Ke, CTp. 194.
4 Tam ace, CTp. 194.
5 Tam we, CTp. 210, 215.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
npel[MeTOM csoero nccJIeAoBaHHn y?Ke 6epe-r HMeHHO PYCCKHN JIH-
TepaTypHbIi3 H3bI,K, ocseiuaSi He TOJIbKO ero COBpeMeHHoe COCTOSI-
HHe, HO H ero HCTOpiiIO. B rJiaBe o npOHCXOBc eHHH PYCCKOrO JIH-
TepaTypHoro H3bIKa aBTOP npex{Ae Bcero o6pamaeT BHHMaHHe na
TO, LITO > 2. CHOBa nPOBOILHTCSI con0CTaBJIeHHe C
JIHTepaTypHbIMH 5I3bIKaMH cpeAHeBeKOBOH EBponbl, HO 3AeCb 9TO
COnOCTaBJIeHHe 3ByLIHT y}Ke HHaLIe, qeM B BbHHIeyKa3aHHOFi pa6oTe.
ECJIH TaM OHO 6bIJIO, no-BHAHMOMy, npe,4Ha3HaieHO jiJISI AOKa3a-
TeJlbCTBa Toro, 'ITO KjjpeBHSISI PyCb He H36e)KaJla Toro caMorO IIB-
JIeHHSI, KOTOpoe 6bIJIo nepexKHTO Ha 3anaae BCeMH HapOLHOCTAMH>>
JIHHIb c HCKOTOpbIMH OTJIH'IHSIMH, TO 3AeCb, B COOTBeTCTBHH C 0006-
pa)KeHHeM, BbICKa3aHHbIM C caMoro HagaJia, 0 TOM, LITO eABa Jill
PyCCKHH 5I3bIK MO}KeT 6bITb COnOCTaBJIeH B CBOHM pa3BHTHH 'C Apy-
rHMH 5I3bIKaMH, IIIaxMaTOB pa3BHBaeT MbICJIb He O CXOACTBe, a o
KOpeHHOM pa3JIH'HH: Ke 0 TOM,
YTO uePKOBHbIFI H3bIK 6bIJI yHOPHbIM H CTOH'KHM HpOTHBHH'KOM, a,.
Hao60pOT, OH cpa3y KCTaJi HeyAep KHMO aCCHMHJIHpOBaTbCH Ha-,
POAHOMY Si3bIKy, H6O rOBOPHBIIIHe Ha HeM pyCCKHe JIIOAH He MOrJIH
pa3rpaHHLIHTb B CBoeFI peLIH HH CBOe npOH3HOIneHHe, HH CBOe cjio-
BoynoTpe6JieHHe H CJIOBOH3MeHCHHe OT yCBOeHHOrO HMH uepKOB-
Horo 5I3bIKa... naMSITHHKH XI B., T. e. nepBOro CTOJIeTHH no npH-
HSITHH PyCbIO XpHCTHaHCTBa, AOKa3bIBaIOT, LITO y)Ke TOrj[a np0H3
HOHIeHHe uePiKOBHOCJIaBSIHCKOro H3bIKa o6pyceJio, ...PyccKHe JiK)-
jjH o6paniaJIHCb, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, y>Ke Toraa c uepKOBHocJIaBAH
CKHM 93bIKOM KaK CO CBOHM aOCT05IHiieM, He C4HTaACb c era
6oJlrapCKHM npoHCXO}KAeHHeM, He np16erax K HHO3CMHOMy 'ywH-
TeJIbCTBy jLJISI ero yCBOeHHSi H HOHHMaHH51>> 4.
3TO yTBep>KAeHHe IIIaXMaTOBa 0 6JIH30CTH uepKOBHOCJiaBSiH-
CKOrO 5I3bIKa nePBbIX naMRTHHKOB Haniei HHCbMeHHOCTH K apeB-
HepyCCKOMy HapoAHoMy 593bIKy HOLITH CXOAHO CO B3rJiSIAaMH Cpe3-
HeBCKOro, paCXOj;SICb, O,i[HaKO, C HHMH B CyiueCTBCHHOM BOnpOCe o6
OCHOBe apeBHepyCCKoro JIHTepaTypHoro SI3bIKa. B 9TOFi pa6oTe
I A. A. IU a x M a T 0 ~B. OtlepK cOBpeMeHHOro pyccKoro JaaTepaTYpHOro,
5I3bIKa, H3A. 4-oe, M., 1941, cTp. 60.
2 Tam ace, CTp. 60.
3 Tam }Ke, CTp. 611.
4 Tam }ace, cTp. 61i
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
fflaXMaTOB, nOAqepKHBaH CHJIy H MOLUb pyCCJKOro HapOAHOrO SI3bI-
Ka, cyMeBiuero C nepBbJX >Ke BeKOB HHCbMeHHOCTH npeTBOPHTb
3aHMCTBOBaHHbIIi H3 BonraplH SI3bIK B CBOH, Bce }Ke OCHOBOH
593bIKa no-npe}KHeMy CZIHTaeT 513bIK CTapOCnaBHHCKHIi, a pyCCKHe
3neMeHTbI - npHBXOJ.HUUIMH. KuepKO'BHocnaBSIHCKHe 3neMeHTbI,-
rOBOpHT OH, - He MOT 6bITb paccMBTpHBaeMbI, KaK 3neMeHTbI
HaHOCHble, KaK 3aHMCTBOBaHHH, HanpOTHB, 3TO OCTaTKH TOPO o6-
Luero UepKOBHOCnaBBHCKOrO OCHOBaHHA, B KOTOPOe HOCTeneHHO
npo6HBaJIH ce6e nyTb, BbITeCHH51 3TH HCKOHHble 3neMeHTbI, pyC-
CKHe CJIOBa, pyCCKHe #pMbI H 3ByKH>> 1.
B KaqeCTBe allanorHH LHaXMaTOB CCbinaeTCSI Ha HCTOPH1O
BHrJIHfICKOrO H3bIKa, r$e BO 4)paHKO-pOMaHCKy1o OCHOBy nOCTeneli-
HO IPOHHKaJIH HapOAHble allrnocaKCOHCKHe 3neMeHTbI. Ho 3TO
T.OJIbKO CpaBHeHHe H, B CHJIy npaBHJIbHOIi IppaHUy3CKOIi norOBOp-
KH , He SIBJIAeTCSI AOKa3aTenbCTBOM
TO>KAeCTBa HCTOPHileCKHX npoueCCOB. UepKOBHOCnaBSIHCKHIi 5I3bIK
pace aTpHBaeTCA KaK HCKOHHaSI H HepyII1HMaB OCHOBa, B KOTOpYIO
3.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, 3AeCb pyCCKHe 3JIeMeHTbI B ApeBHepyCCKOM
KHHSKHOM E3bIKe AOMOCKOBCKoro nepHoAa npH3HaIOTC51 CTHXHI3HbI-
MH, BpeMeHHbIMH, HaHOCHbIMH, KOTOpble JIHIIIb BTOpraIOTCSI B 513bIK
H, CTHpa$Cb C TeileHHeM BpeMeHH, Hcge3aIOT, a
LIepKOBHOCnaBAHCKOrO A3bIKa OCTaeTCSH HeH3MeHHbIM. B 3TOM YT-,
Bep>KAeHHH H HO CTHJIIO 'H no cy1uecTBy.3BytlaT O'TPOJIOCKH HJ[eaJIH-
CTHgec'KOIi McTaI H3HKH K. C. AKCaKOBa, yTBep}KAaBLLlero HeH3-
McHHOCTb H BegHOCTb UepKOBHOCnaBSIHCiKOPO 513blKa.
143JIO KeHHbIMH 0006pa}KeHHSIMH 06yCJIOBneHO onpeseneHHe
COBpeMeHHOPO pycoxoro JIHTepaTypHOr0 SI3bIKa, KOTOpbIH gBnAeTC51
ApeBHe60nrapCKHM 5I3bIKOM, HO cnepeCa}KeHHbI% B POCCHIO B xa-
4IeCTBe UePKOBHOPO 5I3bIKa> ..., OH >... 4. KHBaIOLUHM B CBOeM COCTaBe,
I Tam >Ke, crp. 62.
2 Tam we, cTp. 62.
9 Tam we, M. 68-69.
4 Tam )Ke, c'rp. 69.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Bo-nepBblx, cBOIO nepBOHaTIaJlbxyIO npxpoAy (uepKOBHoc.naax-
HH3MbI), BO-BTOpbIX, CBOH ApeBHeIiIn {e CyAb6bI Ha PydH (IO)KHO-
pyCCH3MbI, yKpaHHH3MbI)> 1.
OTcIOAa )Ke BbITeKaeT H McTOAOJIorHTIeCKag yCTaHOBKa: ... 2 ... 1. 3TH (4OHeTHqeCKHe )IaHHble MexaHH9eC1(H
nepeHOCSITCH Ha pyCCKHI3 H3bIK pa3JIHtIHbIX 3nOX BHJIOTb AO COB-
peMeHHOCTH, npHTieM He y'qHTbIBaeTCSI HH BpeMSI, HH nyTH HX npO-
HHKHOBeHHi B PyccKHil 513bIK, HH HX couHaJlbxa5i (pyHKUHx B Ty
HJIH HHyIO 9nOXy. IIpOTHB 3TOro peH.iHTeJIbHO B03pa)KaJi B. B. BH-
HorpaAoB, 3a51BJI515I, XITO > 2.
COBepHIeHHO cnpaseajiHBO 3aMetIaeT B. B. BHHorpaAoB, qTO
CJIOBO CJIaCTeHa, co)jep}Kaluee uePKOBHOKHH)KHYIO MOP(peMy
CJIaCT, , MorJIH BO3HHKHyTb... Ha [OIIBe pyCCKO-
ro SI3bIKa>>.3. TaKHM o6pa3OM, He TOJIbKO 3aHMCTBOBaHHbie CJIOB3
apeBpaluaIOTCSI B Be'IHi ie 3aCTbIBIIIHe KaTerOpHH, HO H CHHCOK
3aHMCTBOBaHHI3 HenpaBOMepno pacLuHp%eTCSi 3a CLIeT Co6CTBeHHO
PYCCKHX o6pa3oBaHHii. 143BeCTHyIO OAHOCTOPOHHOCTb OCBeIueHHSI
( a'KTOB JIHTepaTypHOI'O PyCCKOro 5I3bDKa, OnHITb-TaKH B HanpaBJie-
HHH yCHJIeHHH uepKOBHocJIaBHHCKOff CTHXHH, C03AaeT H TO 06CTO5I-
TeJIbCTBO, TITO IIIaXMaTOB, HBJISIHCb BHAHeiIUJHM nccJIeAOBaTe.IeM
JjpeBHePYCCKOFO Ae.iosoro SI3bIKa (cp. ero TPyAbI o HoaropoA-
CKHX H ,L[BHHCKHX rpaMOTax), B TO }Ke BpeM5( o60CHOBbIBaJI CBOIO
TeopHlo, OnHpa5ICb , - HCKOMbIX 3JIeMeHTOB OKa-
3arIOCb HH'TO)KHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO. 3TO o6CTOSITeJIbCTBO OTMeTHJIH
I C. H. B e p H III T,e H H. LUaxmaTOB KaK HccJIeAoBaTeJlb pyccKoro JIHTe-
paTypHoro H3bIKa,CT'p. 29.
2 B. B. B H H o r p a AD B. K HCTOpHH JIeKCHKH pyccxoro JIHTepaTypaoro
93bIKa (c60pHHK KPyCCKaH pe'Ib>, HOB. cepHH, 1, .11., 1927), cTp. 92.
3 Tam We, CTP. 97.
4 C. F. B a 'p x y A a !p 0,B, B. B. BHH 0 r p A 0 B. PeueH3HH Ha KHHry
AK. C. 1-1. O6HOpCKoro KO9epKH no HCTOpHH pyCCKOrO JIHTepaTypHOr0 H3bIKa
CTapluero n?epHOAa> OK. KCoseTcxaH KHHra>, N2 1, 1947), CTP. 110.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
BnocJleAcTBHH yMeHHKH LIIaxMaTOBa C. II. 06HOpcKH1%I H B. B. BH-
HorpauoB eiue B TOT nepHO L, KorAa KOHuenuHA LIIaxMaToBa He
noABepra.nacb coMHeHHIO (1927 r.).
KfIpHJlaraH 3TH cpoaeTHgCCKHC npn3HaxH, - nHcaJ1 C. fI. 06-
HOpCKHIi,-K HauieMy 3I3bIKy H BCKpbIBaA npH noMOHIH HX uepKOB-
HOCJTaBAHcKHIi CJIOfi B pyCCKOM COBpeMeHHOM 593bIKe, Mb! HOJIy-
gaeM B pe3yJlbTaTe B HeM cpaBHHTeJIbHO He3Ha4HTeJIbHyIO aOJI10
uepKOBHocJIaBAHH3MOB. McIc y TeM... TOT (paKT, LITO uepKOBHO-
CJIaBAHCKHI1 H3bIK nOCJIy)KHJ1 OCHOBHOH 6a3013, Ha (pOHe KOTOpOH...
BbIpa6oTaJICSI Hain JIHTepaTypHb11%I H3bIK, BeAeT TeOpeTHqeCKH K
npeAnoJIO}KeHHIO, XITO orpOMHaA MIaCTb Haniel3 JIeKCHKH AOJDKHa
6blTb no cymeCTBy uepKOBHocJIaBHHCKOrO nponcxO KJleHHA> 1.
B. B. BHHOrpaAOB TaK}Ke CTIHTaeT, M1TO .
IV. B 1916 MAY B CTaTbe ((PyCCKHH SI3bIK, ero 0006eHHOCTH...0~
B3rJIHAbi IIIaXMaTQBa no H3JlaraeMOMy BOnpOCY HOABepralOTCSI
AaJIbHeHnIHM, 6OJiee CyIILeCTBeHHbIM H3MeHeHHHM.
C HeCOMHeHHOH y'BepeHHOCTb1O BbICKa3blBaeTCB yTBep 1{AeHHe
O KyJIbTOBOM 5I3bIKe uepKBH:
>.
Ho O , JIHTepaTypHOM H3bIKe rlpe1rloJloM{eHHe
IUaXMaTOBa 3BYIIHT McHee yBepeHHO: aCvHTaIO BepOATHbIM, RTo
ApeBHe6oJlrapcKHH H3bIK CTaJI pacnpoCTpaHSITbCSI B KHeBCKOM
rIOAHenpOBbe He TOJIbKO KaK B3bI'K uepKBH H AyXOBHOrO npocBe-
LueHHH. BoJIrapbI... coo6luaJIH HaM H CBeTCKy1O o6pa3oBaHHOCTb,
H, 6Jlara MaTepHaJIbHOH KyJlbTypbI... B03MO}KHO, HTO BMeCTe c Ma-
TepHaJIbHOH KyJlbTYPOH KHeBCKai Pycb nony'IHJIa QT BonrapHH
TaKH{'e H npOH3BeaeHHSI HapOAHOH CJIOBecHOCTH> 2.
Y}Ke CaMbIH CTHJIb BbICKa3bIBaHHH McHSIeTCH: CHHM{aeTCH 'KaTero-
pHLIHOCTb, yTBep}KAeHHH. ECJIH B np.eAbIAyUHX pa60Tax 3Ta
MbICJIb BbICKa3bIBaJlacb C nOJIHOH KaTerop'H4HOCTbIO 3, TO 3AeCb
OHa COnpOBOM{AaeTCSI OCTOpO)KHbIMH 3aMe1qaHH1IMH O TOM, LITO ee
cneAyeT TOJIbKO . 5I3blK
CBH3bIBaeTCH C nPOCBeiueHHeM CaM06bITHbIM H OpHrHHaJIbHbIM, HO
SI3bIK npH3HaeTCH 'yM{epOAHbIM. ABTOp TIbITaeTCA yCTpaHHTb 3T0
npoTHBOpe'IHe: , 1, H3J.I. 2, CIIB, 1910-1911 r.
(JIHTorpa4).), CTp. 200. rp. N2 2, rp. N2 2, B 'BHH. H TBOP. n. H. MH. q. My)K. P.
KeH. p. em - KH
eH CbIHa IlBana...> rp. N2 2, rae H BMeCTO o)KHgaeMoro '1;.
BCTpe4aeTCH B rpaMOTaX H McCTOHMeHHe KTO B 4)opMe BHH. n.
KOro rp. N2 1 H AaT. H. KOMS rp. N2 2, 3.
McCTOHMeHHe Becb BCTpeTHJIOCb Bcero JIHIIIb OAHH pa3 B
TBOp. n. ea. 4. cp. P. KC BCtM npaBOM...> rp. N2 2.
14, HaKOHeg, ciieayeT eiae OTMe'rHTb McCTOHMeHHe KO)KAOMY
K...KO)KAOM8 KOMU 6oyABT nOTpe6a> - AaT. n. ea. 4. My)K. p. -
rp. N2 2 (14), KOTOpOe H3BeCTHO H apyrHM naMSITHHKaM ApeBHe-
pyCCKOi3 nHCbMeHHOCTH (Cp. Hosrop. 1-ylo JIeT. -BCH 6 KH93b
KOXCAO C CBOHMII 60$Ipbl H ABOpHHbI npHAowa B maTbpb elo).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
IlpmaraTeJlbeble
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 I III I _
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO59800130001-4
II' " - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/16: CIA-RDP80T00246AO59800130001-4
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