(SANITIZED)WORLD COMMUNIST AFFAIRS(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 1, 1967
• Content Type: REPORT

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'SECRET
wide
'er-spectves
KEY 'BATE
20 December - Day of Solidarity with National Liberation Front of
South Vietnam (observed by international Communist
f'ron'ts)
4-1I January - Havana Cul+ural Congress (representatives from Asia,
Africa and Latin America)
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SECRET
THE COMMUNIST CAMP
The vast assemblage of foreign Communist dignitaries in Moscow
for the 50th Anniversary CqQ_ebration served to underscore its portray-
al by the Soviets as a massive, unified Communist movement rallying
to the support of the Soviet Union and the CPSU. However, the absence
of several luminaries of the Communist world, MAC) Tse-tung, Ho Chi Minh,
and Fidel Castro, and of representatives of several Communist parties
such as those of Holland and the non-bloc countries of the Far East
except Australia, detracted from this impression of massive unity.
The big question in the Communist movement, that of an inter-
national Communist conference, was apparently still not definitively
resolved during the Moscow celebrations, although several leaders
did suggest publicly a meeting, or preparatory meeting, in 1968 and,
according to one clandestine source, delegations from 17 or 18 parties
will foregather in Budapest possibly late this year-or early next.
The prospect of such.a meeting remains.a very corrosive issue in'the' 50X1-HUM
Communist movement, for the reasons discussed in the enclosed note on
Principal Developments in World Communist Affairs.
2
o roe r r
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:SECRET
Cubans Sponsor Cultural Congress. The forthcoming Havana Cultural Con-
gress, scheduled for 4-11 January 1968, is being touted by the Cuban
Government as being as important as the TriContinental Conference of
1966 and the LASO meeting held in summer 1967. About 2000 invitations
are said to have been issued to artists, writers and scientists from
Asia, Africa and Latin America. Well known leftists such as Alfara
Siquieros, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and others are expected
to attend. It is doubtful that the Congress will live up to the grand-
iose claims of the Cubans but it undoubtedly indicates the Cuban Govern-
ment's intention to extend its subversive operations in the cultural
field. As we have little evidence to substantiate the inflated announce-
ments from Havana we do not wish to give undue attention to the conference.
Rather, the field should be alert to the potential for trouble-making
within the Communist parties and fronts which this event may create.
(Attached are a news article giving further details on the Congress
.and excerpts from a statement issued by a preparatory seminar in Havana
which concluded, among other things, that "The cultural event par
excellence is revolution.")
Recall of Peking's Ambassadors. In December 1966 Peking had 47 diplo-
matic establishments abroad of which 42 were embassies headed by full-
fledged ambassadors. Today, Peking has two embassies headed by ambas-
sadors -- those in the UAR and Albania -- and at this writing the ambas-
sador to Albania is not at his post. In addition to the ambassadors,
almost 1,000 other Chinese officials have been recalled for reasons
never explained to the outside world. Today at least 40 of Peking's
embassies are headed by charges, first or second secretaries, or even
lower ranking officers. It appears the Cultural Revolution has claimed
another victim. Before MAO Tse-tung completely destroys what remains of
his foreign service, perhaps he would do well to reflect on the value of
an experiment which, in a single year, has made shambles of an entire
diplomatic corps.
businessmen sang East is Red . There nave been travelers tales of
4,000 anti-MAOists in the environs of Canton disrupting the city by
attempting to set fire to its six main hotels and defacing MAO portraits
The Canton Trade Fair. Despite reports of fighting andviolence up to the
last minute, the postponed Canton Fair opened officially on 15 November
for a month. The opening day speech by the provincial governor included
an attack on Hong Kong's "Fascist authorities" helping to confirm rumors
about the withdrawal of invitations to Chinese representatives of Hong
Kong British firms. After the speech 3,000 presumably non-proletarian
50X1-HUM
if
It ?
In dealing with
reports which may arise claiming huge foreign attendance at the Fair,
treat the reports sceptically as incorrect or exaggerated by the highly
questionable "unidentified trade sources" to whom they were credited.
3
SECRET
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SECRET
o y.
New Communist Front Group in Africa and Asia. Since early this year the
Soviet Union and its Bloc allies have been quietly building up a corps
of young people who are trained and dispatched abroad ostensibly "to aid"
developing countries. According to the attached news article, they are
actually selected and trained by the KGB and Bloc intelligence services
for espionage and, when they arrive at their posts abroad, their activi-
ties are supervised by local Soviet and Bloc intelligence agents. The
youth corps, with headquarters in Budapest, has been named "The Inter-
national Youth Service of Solidarity and Friendship." Young people,
male or female, go abroad as teachers, nurses, and as specialists in
various fields -- mainly to Afro-Asian countries -- where they'are
accepted as genuine volunteers. According to a recent article in Prague's
RUDE PRAVO, one thousand such "volunteers"-'have already been sent out
and plans call for a total of 2,500 by the end of this year.
Hanoi's Problems with Elongated Supply Lines. North Vietnam's recruit
ing in South Vietnam is down from some 7,000. new soldiers a month-to-
around 3,500 today -- and still declining. As a"result, Hanoi has been
forced to send more PAVN (Peoples' Army of Vietnam) units south to fill
out the ranks of what Hanoi persists in calling "an indigenous guerrilla
force". North Vietnamese soldiers now fighting in. the south total over
100,000, more than half of the Communist fighting forces in Vietnam.
Getting supplies to these men is becoming increasingly difficult for
Hanoi because the Allies are gradually gaining control of the rice-growing
regions in South Vietnam, and Allied bombing of supply routes from North
to South Vietnam has seriously interfered with the southward movement of
food, clothing and military supplies. In fact, there seems little doubt
that one of the major reasons for the Viet Cong proposal for three holiday
truces (3 days each at Christmas and New Year and 7 days over the Vietna-
mese New Year - Tet) is to give Hanoi a breather during which she can get
more materiel into the supply channels for her soldiers fighting in
South Vietnam.
4
SECRET
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FOR BACKGROUND USE ONLY
Principal Developments:' in World Communist Affairs
(18 October to 16 November 1967)
1. The Soviets' celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Bolshe-
vik Revolution was a milestone in the development of Communism in that
country and a major event for the entire Communist camp. Its effect
on a prospective world Communist conference and on Soviet-Cuban relations
are discussed in separate paragraphs below. Other notable aspects of
the Moscow celebrations include:
a. The clear ascendanc3 not Leonid Brezhnev over the other
two members of the Brezhnev-Kosygin-Podgorny troika. It was he who
dedicated the new Lenin statue in the Kremlin, made the major
addresses in Moscow 3_1 November and Leningrad on 5 November, and
acted as principal host and speaker at the Kremlin reception.. He
received deferential treatment in speeches by all the republic first
secretaries -- some so extravagantly personally laudatory they were
not carried subsequently in the central press. Even Marshal
Grechko. pointedly toasted "the Central Committee, CPSU, the.Polit-
buro, and the General Secretary of the Central Committee Leonid
Ilyich Brezhnev." Minimal attention was given by. speakers to
"collective leadership." While Brezhnev pledged continuation and
strengthening of this principle once briefly and in passing, no
other speaker touched this point.
b. As was to be expected, the speakers conscientiously white-
washed the Soviet past. Brezhnev's keynote address dwelled almost
exclusively on the positive achievements of the Soviet system.
Lenin bulked large in his account but Stalin and Khrushchev remained
=named; moreover, no reference is even made. to the "cult of the
personality" or "subjectivism" -- the terms normally used to des-
cribe their reigns.
c. The vast assemblage of foreign party dignitaries served to
underscore the portrayal of the event by Moscow as a massive,
unified display of the Communist movement rallying to the support
of the USSR and the.CPSU. Podgorny's speech at the opening of the
3 November gathering greeted by name 74+ "Marxist-Leninist" delega-
tions and 25 "progressive" groups, representing a total of 95
countries. PRAVDA and?IZVESTIYA carried articles by top party
leaders from all the bloc countries represented at the celebration
except Cuba and North Korea.
d. However there were absences and flaws which served to
underscore certain gaps in this "massive unity." Apart from China
and Albania, whom.nobody.expected anyway, the Dutch Communist. Party
was not represented nor were any non-bloc Communist Parties from
the Far East except Australia's. Japan was represented by the
Socialist Party of Japan and not by the Japanese Communist Party.
The North Korean delegation was led by the head of state, while
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other bloc delegations except Cuba's, were led by their party
leaders. Cuba was represent~rd neither by its party leader nor
government chief, but. by its ? Minister of. Health.
e. Even some of those who did attend did so with misgivings.
Yugoslavia, for'example, was wary of possible efforts to take advant-
age of the presence of these Communist.-leaders by the Soviets to
convene some sort of rump conference of Communist and workers'
parties. Several articles in the Yugoslav press also disparaged
Moscow's efforts to press its position as "first among eciual$"'and
even hinted that perhaps the Soviets might learn a bit from the
Yugoslav example. President Tito was reportedly irritated with
the Soviets for censoring an article he wrote before it was re-
printed by PRAVDA, which deleted -- among other things -- critical
references by Tito to the Comintern's policy toward Yugoslavia in
the Stalinist period.
f. A one-sentence greeting from the Chinese National People's
Congress and the CPR State Council to the Supreme Soviet and the
Soviet Council of Ministers pointedly igno:+d the CP
SU and thus,
by implication, demonstrated that the Chinese do not acknowledge a
party-level relationship with the Soviets. The Chinese greeting
was not included in a collection of messages printed by PRAVDA on
7 and 8 November. Conjointly the Chinese mounted an intensified
propaganda campaign to denigrate the Soviet regime at the time of
its jubilee celebrations. The campaign had two basic dimensions:
to indict the Soviet leadership -- supported by a flood of attacks
constituting a bill of particulars against the regime's policies
-- for having betrayed the revolution and restored capitalism,
and to claim that Mao Tse-tung is the supreme Marxist~Leninist
mentor of the present era and Peking the capital of world revolu-
tion.
2. Soviet-Cuban relations took a turn for the worse as a result
of the Moscow anniversary celebrations. Although the leaders of other
.ruling Communist parties (excepting North Korea, China, North Vietnam, and
Albania) represented their countries in Moscow, Castro stayed in Havana,
sending the Minister of Health, Jose R. Machado, instead. :Additionally,
Castro failed to send an article in praise of the Soviet Union to be
published in_-,PRAVDA along with those of everyone else except China and
Albania; the Cuban Ambassador in Moscow failed to attend the 6 November
reception for''chiefs of diplomatic missions given by Soviet President
Podgorny; and Machado failed to make a congratuihtory address at the
Kremlin celebration (it's not clear whether he refused to, or wasn't
asked to). The world's press buzzed with rumors of s.Soviet-Cuban
"split" as a result of these snubs, and almost universally failed to
note that Castro, Dorticos and the entire leadership of Cuba turned up
at th'e.Soviet Embassy's reception on 6 November and enjoyed themselves
immensely. The press also paid little attention to the speech-by the
Soviet charg6e d':affaires- in Havana who pledged his country's continued
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economic and military support to Cuba. Undoubtedly Castro's calculated
snubs did irritate the Kremlin, but it is doubtful they will pack up
and leave that tropical isle.just because Fidel didn't come to their
party.
3. The question of. an eventual world Communist conference was ver1
much in the air in Moscow. Several luminaries, such as Czechoslovakia's
Novotny and East Germany's Ulbricht,openly called fora meetin( in 1968.
Agence France Presse on 8 November quoted "foreign .ommunist sources"
in Moscow to the effect that there-is a growing. likelihood df an inter-
national Communist conference being held in Budapest in the first quarter
of 1968, but cites "doubt"''among these same sources as to whether this
will be "the big conference" or merely a preparatory one. The sources
are quoted as saying that a poll of world parties revealed "a majority
of 70" in favor of a conference .- the figure used by V. Polyanskiy in.
a talk broadcast by Radio Moscow .on 21 October. The Soviets' position
in requesting a conference was-strengthened.by an article by Italian ,
Communist Party Secretary General Luigi Longo on 27 October in which 1e
said that the rejection by the Chinese Communists of Soviet proposals for
joint aid to Vietnam has led the Italian Party to abandon its past
reserve on the need for a new international Communist conference "to
increase unity."
As viewed by a Communist, the proposal is loaded with problems
such as: In Europe such a conference would revive the danger of the
Red peril, evoking the ghosts of the Comintern and the Cominform, pro-
viding material for all the anti-Communists and disrupting the advances
already made toward unity with the Social Democrats in many countries.
In many countries of Africa and the Middle East the Communist parties
are insignificant and the leading revolutionary parties are not Commu-
nist; thus the conference would not even be representative of the
revolutionary movement in those areas. In certain areas in Latin America
the revolutionary movement is div'ded between two or more contenders;
choosing only the Communist Party could thus overlook a major part of
the revolutionary forces. .In the Far East the problem of Vietnam would
provoke a major crisis by forcing the North Vietnamese to choose, against
their will, between Moscow and Peking -- a choice. which might be fatal
either way. Furthermore., pre-empting the pro-North Vietnam position
would risk alienating many other supporters of-that country who. have no
desire only to follow a Communist lead.. Finally, although some parties
seem to believe the conference could be held without discussing the role
.of Communist China in the international Communist movement., this seems
absurdly unlikely; on the other hand discussing Communist China would
irremediably solidify the. schism in the.Communist world.
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THE MIAMI HERALD
15 November 1967
!astro' WaPl ,Spons
By CARLOS MARTINEZ
Of Our Latin Ameripa Staff
The Cuban government,
obsessed with what it calls
the U.S. "penetration in the+
field of Latin American {
culture," is preparing to do
something about it.
The Castro regime has
announced it will sponsor,
an international cultural
congress 'in Havana Jan. 4
11 with the purpose, among,
other things, of blocking an
alleged "Imperialist cultural
offensive. "
The congress, according
to t he government - con-
trolled . press, will bring'
together an estimated 500
?1 e f t-of-center "scientists,
technicians and artistic and
literary creators" from
Asia, Africa and Latin'
America.
Cuba says It has Invited
both "socialist" and "capi-
talist" Intellectuals, fore-'
most among them British
philosopher
sell. Those onr the caps-
talist world are described
as "progressive intellec-
tunas," a Communist syno-
nym for the far left.
j "Together, these men will
discuss the role of the in-
tellectual in the insurrec-
tional struggle, which is to
take up arms," a Havana
Radio broadcast monitored
in M I a m I said. "They
should set the example."
One of the congress or-
ganizers, Jose Antonio:
Portuondo, compared t It e
coming event to two pre-
vi o n a Havana-sponsored
International conferences
where violence was pro-
claimed as the only road to
liberation."
"Havana's Cultural Con-
gress next January is of
the same importance and
significance as the Triconti-
nental Conference (January,
1966) and the conference of
the Latin American Solidar-
ity Organization (July;
1967)," according to Por-
tuondo, who is second vice`
president of the ; Cuban
Writers' and Artists'' Union
(UNEAC).
The approaching confer
once, Portuondo hintt"4, '.)_
aimed at warning int,aicc. 1
tuaas` of what Cuba de.
scribes as a "reaction" by
Washington after "suddenly
dis. overing the Importance
of intellectual movements
as apolitical, force.''......., Cuba's cultural establish.
ment declared a "state of
alert" in July 1966 over
what it charged was a.
"new imperialist penetration
in the field of culture. . ."
The Cubans were particu.
larly aroused by the fact
that Washington, "after 20
years of not doing so,"
began granting visas to a
number of leftist writers
and artists. This was done..
the Cubans reasoned, for
the purpose of converting
these people "into court
apes and Yankee. spokes.
men."
The U.S., Cuban intellec-
tuals complain, "is search-
ing for men who, pretend-
ing to speak in our name,
will present the revolution
and violence as being in-,
bad taste.
."We have the duty to '
warn these intellectuals,
because even without want-
ing to, ,they are playing-
:Into the enemy's hands, .'
r
the relationships between
Havana's 'Congress is "racism and imperialism,"
expected to reiterate Cuba's and the role of the proletari-
"right . to watch over, judge at in cultural development,
and criticize the conduct,
mores and public pro-
nouncements of Latin
American Marxist intellec-
i, A controversial subject
brought up by Castro' more
than a year ago,' the renun-
c i a t I o n of international
put forward a claim that agenda despite, considerable
the island should also be ?
the cultural leader of Latin opposition.
,America, or at least the A government hard-liner,;
ideological arbiter of the Lisandro Otero, a writer,'
hemisphere's leftist intellec- introduced the subject
tuals. `claiming that. culture was!
The latter was hinted last the "patrimony' of the pco-'
week by Alejo Carpentler, ple." He said ' renunciation
regarded as Cuba's leading of copyrights was a mat
novelist under Castro. He ;ter of principles for which
told a French daily that the there are no alternatives."
present Cuban literature "is Introduced
an Otero's er words
without doubt the richest; OwIntro
dissent into
.the most original of the one. the most personal the . the otherwise friendly dis-
Latin American continent." cussions. Despite their sub.
The conference agenda, servience to the regime's
which promises to be a Political aims, half of the
intellectuals attending the
massive one, was methodi debate left the room In
cally analyzed and dis- anger. The matter was
cussed during a one-week approved anyway
preparatory seminar that-
000 Cuban "intellectual
workers" attended.
Subjects discussed during
the seminar Included the
role of mass media, the
"penetration of the imperi
alist culture," and the role
of the ?neo-colonial state"
as "the promoter of foreign
domination."
Also discussed were other:
abstract 'matters such as'
culture under "colonialism"
and "neo-colonialism," the
integral formation of the
"new" man through culture,
seminar and approved for
Cuba maintains that, in
sponsoring the congress, it
will be offering the dele-
~gates "an opportunity of
:undeniable value to learn
from the island' example.
"As a country liberated
from the 'claws of neo-colo-
n I a l i s m and , Imperialism,
Cuba will certainly be able!
to make great cultural con-
tributions fot the benefit of
the peoples ; of. the, world,"
';aid b.' abort-crave Cuban
broadcast J to,;.the hemi-
sphere.
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(Excerpts from statement issued by a seminar organized by the Cuban
Prepatory Committee for the Havana Cultural Congress as reported by
PRENSA LATINA, 3 November 1967)
The cultural event par excellence is revolution. Only revolution
makes it possible for underdeveloped countries to conceive of a truly
national culture, a cultural policy returr{ing to the people their real
identity and a chance to advance sciepce and enjoy art ....
The right to insubordination should not then be preached,but prac-
ticed. Only through concrete action does the intellectual become so-
ciety's conscience, an expression of its critical thought, a forecast
of what will one day be reality, and in this sense a factor in creating
and developing the subjective conditions necessary for the liberating
rebellion. No example is better than the one given by Che to bear out
this fact ....
Mass communications media serve to distort development in colo-
nized countries and promote development in countries engaged in revo-
lution. In the first case, they are a tool of the broadest and most
persistent penetration by the interest of the tutor state .... Skill=
fully handled by imperialism and the national bourgeoisie, they are
inimical to the essential function of current history: wars of lib-
eration ....
Even in this situation, occasions and differences must be seized
on so that mass media can contribute to the task of decolonization and
liberation of our peoples. Clandestine publications and movies and
radio broadcasts, for instance, have a vital function to perform in
the processes of national liberation: that of political orientation....
This is the historical and social context surrounding the task
of forming new intellectual cadres that retain those traditions,
create new ones, and forge a communist consciousness. To undertake
national liberation is to rend imperialism, and this involves first
of all preparing all the people for the most violent manifestation
of culture: the popular war in defense of their freedoms ....
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III ICY STAR, 3oirUt
5 ,,l~v~_mbor 1767
KGB SETS UP PEACE COPS
Dy LAJUb LLULHEFR , pehind this .smokescreen the
ar
t
]
y
e accep
ed
, LONbON - The Soviet Union and her East by the developing countries to th
ey
and,, building up a Peace Corps of young It ls ironical therefore that the reason why
pgople who
r
b
i
a
e
e
ng sent out ostensibly "t the Communists hvi littlbliit t
.oae gvene pucyo
aid. developing countries-" x this now youth se
i
rv
_e
it
s neau- tha.. weir vies;, in continuously attaciing tine,
quarters to Budapest, was established early U.S. Peace Corps and similar organizations
thi
s year without much pbliit Itffiil I Bitid
ucy.s ocanran an Germany as covers for "es-
title Is "The International Youth Service of plonagu and sabotage."
Solidarity and Friendship." All of the Eastern', Judging by the occasional paragraphs In East'
bl
oc countries are takint with th Et i
g par,e ex-uropean pary tapers,ike the one which ap
coptions of Romania and Yugoslavia. peared recently In the Prague. "Rude Pravo,"
Tile corps recruits are carefully selected1
000 "volunteers" have alr
ad
b
t t
,
y
e
een sen
o;
. by the security services of each country, and developing countries, plus 400 to the htongo-'
ervis
su
d b
t
p
e
y
he local agents. of the Soviet
secret police, the KGB. The average age of
those selected is between 23 and 33, and only
log to a 1twtfarian member of this organiza-
tion, who 'has operated in Turkey for the past
six months and has since defected to the West
t 'Communist intelligence services, and its main for as little as three months "for spect-
task if to enrol spies among students abroad, Sic tasks." Specific projects in which the
mainly In the Afro-Asian countries. "corps" is Involved, Include a technical school
M b
em
f
lunteers" to be sent to the developing -nations
by the end of this year.
A Bulgarian report indicates that these ?vo-
lunteers" are expected to remain in the nation
n
b
t r...-
in which they am assi
d f
g
e
ou
or a
ers o
the Red Peace Corps are sup- in India, a hospital in Cyprus and medical aid
;plied with funds and gifts, which they offer to teams in Congo-Brazzaville.
potential recruits, Most of them are trained Board and lodging for the' volunteers Is paid.
engineers, agricultural specialists of various by the youth movement of the host country,'
disciplines v t I
e
r
,
e
na
ry experts, agronomists which also pays them $3 a week pocket money,
and agricultural mechanics. Attractive girls . Travel fares are shared jointly.between host
'A*n nlen www w..U~J -_ _ __ .. . .
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NEW YORK TIMES
29 October 1967 - 01 Sato's Recent Journey in Asia
Viewed as Beneficial to West
By ROBERT TRUMP.ULL
TOKYO, Oct. 28-The dom Fears Believed Receding
inant view of analysts here is "It is obvious," an American
that Premier Eisaku Sato's re-1 official said yesterday. "that
cent tour of 10 Southeast Asian the fears of Japanese that the;
bombing of North Vietnam,
duced a number of significant!
effects on the international
scene, all of benefit to the non-
Communist camp in the world
ideological struggle.
? Mr. Sato returned home a
week aeo from Saigon, his last
would widen the conflict have+
now receded."
The analysts expect agitationE
here against the developments
in Vietnam to be confined to
demonstrations, a routine thing
in.Japan, so long as it continues
to appear that the war is not
stop on a journey that naa alsothreat to the comfortable Jap
taken him to Indonesia, Aus?( anese way of life.
real public support for leftist; communique signed by Mr.
opPsi nents of the Sato policics,l Sato and the Saigon Govern-
it said, the result could have 1ment than appears on the sur-
been a huge outpouring against, face of the wording.
fate. Government. "The communique wasn't
Looking back on the Incident,' important to the South Viet-
the - analysts have concludeds namese anyway:' Japanese of-
that the popular opposition tot ficial said. "They were de-
the Sato Government's supports lighted enough that the Pre-,
of the United States in Viet-' mier of Japan was there."
nam is less solidly.based than, ( Mr. Sato's four-hour stopoverl
many local and foreign ob- in Saigon, cut short because;
servers had supposed. of the death of former Premierl
eon opposition to
effective left-wing othe Government.
The death of a student in an
airport clash between policemen
and campus radicals as Mr.
c_... ,,1e iienartina for South
region.
Support for U.S. Seen
From the United States point'
of view, as stated by American
officials here, an especially sat-
isfying aspect of Mr. Sato's
trips has been to align Japan
more .firmly on the side of
Washington in Vietnam and
against Communist designs gen-
erally in the developing states
of southeast Asia.
A spin-off benefit in domestic
politics, for Mr. Sato himself
and for the conservative ele-
ments that support him, has
nn apparent diminution of
hassles see it, the most impor-' tin various communiques were,
tant immediate result of the 66
year-old leader's arduous travels (tailored to fit local outlooks.1
in the last six weeks may prove For example, in the countries,
to be the new projection of inclined toward a neutral stand
W ANd, 411-
pines , ..... _ ---
, Thailand, Singapore, Ma-,l
A Japanese diplomat, who
followed Mr. Sato's statements;
closely during his tour, noted;
that the references to Vietnam
agreement among "all parties."
a wording that seemingly;
would permit inclusion of the;
Vietcong. The phrase among
others, did not appear in the'
communiqud from Saigon.
On the other hand, at a news
conference in Bangkok, Tai-!
land, Mr. Sato voiced an un-'
usually strong endorsement of
the demand by Washington
that a halt in bombing of the
North be accompanied by some
reciprocal gesture from Hanoi.
"Japan has given the United
States stronger support on the
Vietnam issue than any other
ally that is supplying military
forces," an American analyst
declared. -
Reluctance to Read More
There was a reluctance in
both foreign and Japanese
Shigeru Yoshida, is thought to
have given him a keener per-.
'ception of the urgencies of the
situation in Vietnam.
I And the Japanese leader's
conversations with sources hav-
ing closer contacts with the
North Vietnamese, notably in
Burma and Laos, were believed
to have added somewhat to his
insight into the thinking of
Hanoi.
It was considered more sig
1nificant, in the long view, that,
Mr. Sato appeared on the scene
at a crucial moment in the po
litical maturing of Bunna,
Singapore and Indonesia. Some`
Japanese authorities thought it
a fortunate coincidence that the
leader of one of the world's
most successful free-enterprise
systems appeared when the
three nations were at a peak of
disenchantment with the Social-
ist experiment embodied in,
Communist China.
20 October 1967 -
Support From Down Under,
Australia's External Affairs Min-
aster, Paul Hasluck, made a statement,
to the U.N. General Assembly last week ,
which is worthy of more than passing_
attention.' And since Australia can
hardly be classed as a "client state,
we trust that his remarks will be duly
.noted by Senator Fulbright and all
others who share the Arkansas senator's
views on the war in Vietnam.
Australia Is assisting South Vietnam
with both troops 'and civilian aid. An
Increase In the Australian troop ' com- -
mltmcnt. has just been announced in
Canberra. And Australia also made its
contribution to both great wars In
Europe. Australia, in short, believes In
freedom and opposes' wzgresslon.
Mr. Hasluck wanted to know whether
his country was right in standing up
for these things in Europe but wrong
in standing up for them In Asia. He
went on to say: "Unfortunately, this
ts still a world in which peace is kept
and security maintained by military
power. . . . Are. such realities as these'
to be recognized only in one hemisphere
and not in another? Are arguments
that peace and security are global to'
be true in European or Atlantic power
situations but not true when crises of
power arise in Asia and the Pacific?"
The Australian representative con-
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(3 contId)
eluded on this note: "Surely we are
u Ing double standards and falsifying
the lrsues If, recognizing the realities
of power, we find it imprnper or worse
.for one small nation to be protected
by a great ally but unexceptional for
some other small nation to be protected
by Its ally."
We have seen nothing which states
the case better for what the United
States and Its allies are doing in South
Vietnam, or which more effectively
reveals the hollowness, one might say
the disingenuousness, of the arguments
.used to condemn what is being done.
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS
18 October 1967 tk)
SIMPLY in numllers, the addition of 4370 troops
to. the Allied. side in- the Vietnamese war is no
greet military boost - the everything helps. The
.real significance lies in the fact that the coun.
tries these troops come from are willingly mov-.
ing deeper into South Vietnam -'they are not*
moving away.
The three countries are all in the immediate
neighborhood:
';,"Australia announced yesterday it will raise
Its contingent In Vietnam from 6300 to 8000 by
i year's end a? chiefly new army battalion sup-
ported by helicopters.
. w' New Zc51and said It would send a 170-man.
infantry company to Vietnam shortly, to join the
infantry company and artillery battery there-
now, and making a total of 546 men.
JAPAN TIMES
10 Oct. 67
Japan to Help
Saigon Train
Farmin; Experts
A plan to help the South (6
Vietnamese Government train 9.6-Sept ;fib (~~
agricultural experts by send-. SAIGON D LY NE-VS
Ing 388 instructors from Ja-` G to sen
pan to the agricultural facet- 6
uu.c,c i V team
tional university over a period d pectt ~1r i~
of f 1 11 1 ,years 'is now taking - w LG 1.
shape here k W es
The plan Is being promoted
by the Vietnam Committee,
composed of Japanese Diet-.
men belonging to the Asian
.P'arliamt?ntary Union (APU).
According to the committee,
the plan calls for sending
Japanese assistant professors
and lecturers to the agricul-
tural faculty of the University
of Can Tho located in Can
`Cho in the heart of the,
Mekong Delta, about 120 km.
southwest of Saigon.
The university was found-
ed last year and at present it
has the faculties of literature
and law and social studies.
It plans to open the faculty
of agriculture next year and
the faculties of science and
medicine in the future.
The South Vietnamese Gov-
ernment plans to establish the
faculty of agriculture over a
period of five years at a cost
of 730 million piasters (about
x'2,200 million)
Five hundred students will
be enrolled for a term in the
faculty and another 100 in
the graduate school.
The Vietnam r,
a
SAIGON (VP)- The Swiss
Red Cross will dispatch a ms-
dical team to Swith Vietnam to
serve at the pediatric ward of
the Civilian Hospital of Da
Nang.
1The team composed of one
physician and three specialist
nurses will sup3rviae the instal.
lation of equipment, run the
j ward and help the training of
1 Vietnamese medical tams,
The team leader, Dr.
Peter Sigg, will arrive in Saigon
early next month. He will be
accompanied by two apeciNlist
nurses and Dr. Werner Glans in
charge of the Kontum Hospital,
For the past two years, the
Swiss Red. Cross has provided
material and finan:ial aid as
,well as perdonnel for a h3spital
in Kontum.Its doctsra have
also assisted in olhar medical
activities in the neighboring
areas. The SRC has just comp-
leted a pediatric ward at the
Civilian Hospital of Da Nang.
Soorcis from the RVN Embas.
,sy in Switz3rland disclosad
that although a non-aligned
country Switz3rland has, esta
blished diplomatic rels!ions with'
the Republic of Vi Onam since
March I last year. Tiro ?Tarra-
des Hommess a charitable or..
ganization headquartered inlau+
sanne has taken many Vietnam-
ese children to Europe for me-
dical treatment.
mmtttee
/ Three weeks ago the first contingent of the 1 plans to open five agricultural
Royal Thai Army Volunteer Regiment arrived in courses at the university-
Saigon - the first ohes00 troops joining the Allies agriculture, stock breeding,
from the sixth nation to help out with ground horticultural science, agricul-
forces. (The United States, South Korea and the tural engineering, and agri-1
PhilippineA are the others.) cultural economy.
The program is expected to
Since governments around the world act on the cost a total of about Y2,000
basis of national self-interest as they conceive it, million over the 11 years In-
(he men in office in Canberra. Wellington and eluding all the expenses for
Bangkok must know what they are doing. They the Japanese teachers each of
obviously feel they are meeting a responsibility, whom Is to stay one year at
protecting their countrin againd.a danger. join. the university.
ing in a common task that, tho costly and ua. The fund is expected to
come from both the Govern-
plcasant,'is worthwhile and promises success. ment and private sources.
From the third year, out-
standing agricultural students
will he Invited to study in,
Japan, according to the plan.i
Welcome-
and Thanks
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Hasluck puts it, "?here is too
OHIUSTZAN 501KN''' MKIT9~' aster Paul M.
19 October 1967 ,much talk on whether to. bomb or not to
-bomb. Bombing is not the real issue. Peace.
oat ? recce
? E':i'`. ~ is the issue."
"They have made it clear that even if
talks did begin they would keep up their
Live, Dalu ?rii. &AVl4.
Prior to General Taylor's mission, Mr..
Holt said. that in assessing what added ef-
10
Canberra
The Australian Government's decision to
iective-it remains our only military objet-
not be
~~ the people of South Vietnam shall
conquered by aggression...
>. " "This was our first and only military ob-
Holt tQld the House, "The North Vietnamese
rJna leaders have turned down every approach
~. [for peace talks] public and private.
,.st
By Albert E. Norman
'
This means two battalion .groups now will
{ be in the line while one is resting. Prime
Minister allrold E. Holt, announcing his gov-
?,ernment's decision, said that in Vietnam
"thv'tide of Communist expansion is being
checked and turned."
In short there is no stalemate, in his. opin.
.ion. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor stressed the
same point during his July talks here with
,,the Australian Government.
Thereds no doubt that the latest Australian,
troop increase is due to the Taylor mission.
? While the question of any troop increase was
publicly played down at that time, Mr. Holt
described General Taylor's briefing as "very
informative." .
.,increase its Vietnam task force from 8,30
to more than 8,000 men will double its actual
As Mr. Holt's latest statement to Austra-
lia's House of Representatives shows, this
information made clear that "military pres-
sures must ble sustained and indeed in-
creased" in Vietnam.
Negotiations sought ?
This. build-up was necessary, as Mr. Holt
put it, "if we are to secure even more
.decisive results in the field-results which
might lead North Vietnam to negotiations.".
This view also explains. the Australian
Government's continuing strong support for
the United States bombing policy. And as
Australian Treasurer William McMahon
recently put it to Americans, "Where you,
go, we will go."
In the Vietnam air war, this is literally.
true.Jrt_the late.S.t,&,4'tr.4liantropp increase,
I Autralian Air,Force pilots are `being made?
available for... service with " United States .
attack squadrons. ? . y '
But as Australian External- Affairs Min-.
fort Australia could make in Vietnam it
would be necessary to take into account
`any. provision Australia would need to make
in Malaysia and elsewhere in Southeast,
Asia.
Since no new forces have been committed
elsewhere, the Holt government appears to
be relying on increasing the national draft
if more forces are needed outside Vietnam.
In Australia's present "forward defense".
planning, the aim is to build up troop
'strength until a full division can be deployed
overseas at any time. But just how the
',present limited draft policy would be shaped
,to this end remains to be seen.
Draft expansion issue?
In his latest troop increase, Mr. Holt has
set the stage politically for a new draft ex.
pansion. Next anonth the Australian Govern.
anent will face the Senate elections. And its
new Vietnam troop increase has ensured
these will develop into "khaki campaign."
Vietnam will be the central issue. And-a:
government victory could be interpreted
fairly by Mr. Holt as public support for any
'required draft expansion.
Most Australians realize that their coup
,try's stand in Vietnam is as much for them
as it is for the South Vietnamese people. The
stress which the Australian Government
places in this context on the aggressiveness
of.-Communist China means that in Austra-
lian official eyes the Vietnam war is a delay-
ing action.
Accordingly, any . acceptable solutions
which the Chinese people themselves may
produce in the face of the problems imposed
on them by the Peking Communist regime
will be of great importance to Australia.
Equally important is the increase in power
and strength.of the free peoples of Southeast
Asia.
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NEW YORK TIMES
3 November 1967
Rahman? Informs Humphrey!
Rnra!-Construction Project
May Be Reinstituted
.ByIOYREED
EX-J&1 to The New York nines
i KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia,
(Nov., 2-The. leaders of small
but rapidly developing Malay
sia told ' Vico President Hum-
phrey today that they were
considering Increasing their
non-military aid to South Viet
nam.
Mr. 'Humphrey told the Ma-
laysians that the United States
would probably step up its(
technical assistance to Malay-J
sia to help solve her housing
problem and establish buldin,
cooperatives, credit unions and'
savings and loan associations.
M:r. Humphrey, who flew
here from South Vietnam yes-
terday, met for two hours with
the Prime Minister, Prince Ab-
dul Rahman, and his Cabinet.
The Malaysian Foreign Minis.
try announced afterward that
they had had "very frank-and
friendly discussions" on several
Subjects, par.:icularly Vietnam.
"The Primo, Minister reiter-
ated," the statcnmet said,
"that while Malaysia is not in-
volved militarily, she is pre-
pared to go all out to offer
any help that might be required
of her in the peaceful, con-
structive program of develop-
ment in that country."
The Malaysian leaders told
Mr. Humphrey that they intend
ed to reinstitute a program of
aid to South Vietnam in rural
development, an area In which
the Malaysians have shown
skill.
hialaysi :ad such an aid
prod dt ring the rule of
Preslc t N9o Dinh Diem, who
was overthrown and assassinat-
ed in Saigon In 1963. The pro-
gram was dropped a tcrwar, :!,ands to promote rural dcvelolp'
because, of, the difficulties o:...
dealing ' with a succession :.fj;,,icnt anon the trines there.
unstable Vietnamese govern- The tribesmen were brought
meats. home after the fall of President
1 Mr. Humphrey gave the Ma-I 'Diem.
Iaysians an optimistic assess- , Prince Abdul Rahman was,
reported to have told Mr.
ment of the now Sai
on G
g
ay-
ernment, but warned that the;
next six manta would be criti-'
cal in its effort to gain popular
support.
It is understood that the Ma-
laysian leaders had volunteered
the information that they woro
thinking of more aid to Sotith
Vietnam and that the Vice Pres-
ident had not asked for It. The'
Malaysians !did ask for an in-
crease in United States techni-
cal assistance, and Mr. Hum-
phrey promised to try to get it.
Malaysia supports South Vint-i
nam in the war but has sent
no troops. She has trained
labout 4,600 South Vietnamese
in counterinsurgency methods,
based on her own success !n
(suppressing Communist - query
rilla warfare.
During h .r earlier aid. ,pro-
gram to So;.:; Vietnam, N: Clay--f
sia sent some :'clay tribesmen,
Humphrey that if the Commu-
nists were riot stopped in South
Vietnam, Chinese, would
move into ,:..6 ..est of Southeast
Asia, , incluc' . Malaysia.*,-,, ,*
Thailand a
By Jack Foisie
Los Angeles Times
BANGKOK, Nov. 14 - The
Thailand government an-
nounced today'it will increase
its combat contigent in South
Vietnam to a full division -
about 10,000 to 12,000 men.
There are now 2300 Thais
fighting alongside American
and Vietnamese allies.
The inereast., approved at a
cabinet meeting, raises Thai-
land's contribution in the Viet-
nam struggle to third largest,
behind that of the United
States and South Korea. It
also is certain to bring more
denunciations from Hanoi and:
Peking, whose have at-
tacked !he Tha. for providing
r irL r from ?-. aich the U.S.
Air , ~e c; s most of its
bomb. of North Vietnam.
The Thai military govern-1:
menrt moved relatively rapidly
toward this major comm
ment, perhaps reflecting tae l
?concern of Thai officials over
4the swelling antiwar sentiment
nam
in the United States and Presi-
dent .- ~.-nson's political prob-
lems a.s he faces an election
year. It is known that Mr.
Johnson has sought more mili-
tary support in Vietnam from
Asian nations.
[The State Dep :r;eat in
Washington expr e isfac-
tion with the T' decision.
Its spokesman, Robert J. Mc-
Closkey, said "the substantial,
contribution is further evi-
idenee of aided solidarity in
supporting the government of
Vietnam and the security of j
Southeast Asia."
[U.S. officials also confirmed
that the U.S. is holding dis-
cussions with Thailand over
handling the Thai troop con-
+tributlo::. and acknowledged
,that quc_ tior_s of Thai air de-
fense anc. he supply of Hawk
ground-to-air missiles was be-
ing discussed.]
The Thai cabinet approval
presumably meant agreement
shad been reached with the
4
United States aver increased
military aid, h??th for the
Vietnam-bound force and for
(Thailand's 90,000-man army.
U.S. 'officials would not dis-
.ose terms other than to sayl
th new expeditionary contin-1
ge :; would be equipped with(
U .S. weapons and equipment,
as was the initial unit.
The Thai announcement did'
not say when. the new force
would be sent to Vietnam. If
infantry training follows the
:pattern of the past, troops will
tae combat-ready in three to
six months. U.S. advisers as-
sist in the training.
The announcement did say
the division would be
(recruited from "volunteers."
'Although civilians volunteered
for the original unit sent to
Vietnam, only regular army
volunteers were accepted. The
unit has been in combat about
a month and has lost eight
dead.
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 50X1-HUM
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LONDON i I:~.ES
28 August 1067
7'f -1
i 1
L L` i..a 6SUARD""' . , . , .
, =*M5 - IT OF 1:~
t r e c t of .worship .. ,
oppressed
In a surprise mass exodus hundreds of Tibetans
have crossed into India to escape a local Red Guard
movement which is " attempting to purify Tibet with
Mao's thoughts " in form of religious persecutions.
Nearly 500 refugees have already' escaped across'
the mountains and report that thousands more will.;
cross if they can evade Chinese border patrols in
western Tibet. With them conks the first glimpse of'
the cultural revolution in the most effectively sealed,
'
,
off area behind the bamboo curtain.
500 FIND SHELTER..IN
INDIAN CAMPS
From PETER IlAZELHURST--Bijnar Aug. 27
In Tibet the cultural revolution
has been particularly directed
against lamas, religion and old
traditions which appear to be a
symbolic substitute for revision-
ists, Liu . Shao-chi and. anti-',
'Maoists in the struggle in China`
.proper.
In the Indian Government
refugee camps at Ilijnor and Pilib-
!hit it re 500 Tibetans, who,
,crossed the snowbound bor-i
der passes after the thaw'
in June. They describe the Red
Guard reign of terror, humilia-
tion of lamas and a fanatical cam-
paign to wipe out the last traces of
religion in the country.
A strict ban has been placed
on worship, any form of owner-
ship, and contact with traditions.
The cultural revolution and Red
Guards made themselves felt in
western Tibet only in February
this year. With the formation of
lied Guards struggle meetings
have hccn called in villages.
monasteries razed to the ground
and ancient Lamai%t scriptures
burnt. The Red Guards, recruited
from the poorest sections of the
community by the Chinese and
'Tibetan officials, forced villagers
to shave the traditionally Jong-
plaited hair, wear Chinese clothes,
and emitlate chairman Mao.
But Peking appears to have
underestimated the strong rcligi.
OUS tics that still exist in Tibet
after 14 years of Chinese rule.
Under the forceful direction of
Tibetan Red Guards-the Gening
Rrrknch-villagers submitted, de-
stroyed their monasteries, accepted
Mao's little red book, and then,
overnight, slipped away under
Peking s nose.
Waiting for the snows to thaw,
they_ crossed into India in -their_
hundreds bringing with themlamas, hidden scriptures, sacred
objects, and cattle.
Relative peace
This largest exodus out of Tibet
since 1962 indicates that the
western borders arc not well
patrolled by the Chinese, contrary
to what had been believed. o
spontaneous antagonism developed
by the cultural revolution can be
,seen in the numbers attempting to
cross the border, when it is realized
,that only 35 Tibetans had previ-
ously defected in this area since
11962.
Contrary to past reports, the
!western Tibetans say that until
February this year they have been.
left in relative peace. One of the
leaders of the mass exodus, ;
;Chhamba Dhawa, unaware that he.
had been experiencing the cultural'
revolution, said until February' the
Chinese had not intcrtcred with
worship or rites. " When they first
came they said they were going to
change the country into a place
;like Russia. We would be able to
ilvorship but there would be demo-
cratic changes.
"Nothing . happened until'
February this year. when we saw
the Chinese forming groups of
people from the poorest acctions.'
of the community in all the
Villages. At the head of the group
the Chinese placed Tibetan
people who worked .in their offices.
They all wore red arm bands.
" At the end of the month they
called all heads of families to the
district headquarters and said that
the old ways were not the thoughts
of chairman Mao. We were told
that the Dalai Lama was reaction-
ary and that old things must be
destroyed. Chinese officers were at
these meetings but (hey did not
take part. We were told that we
had not understood the thoughts
of chairman Mao and the only
true followers were the poorer
people who had formed the new
group called Genlog Rukach.
" We were told things were now'
going to change. All worship must
stop and monasteries and scrip-
tures were to be burnt. Men were
told to dress like Mao Tse-tung
and shave their long hair.
" To be pure according to chair-
man Mao's thoughts, one should
not possess anything and even
those who owned two head of
cattle were capitalists ".
Harnessed to ploughs
I After the meetings the Red
t Guards forced villagers to raze
monasteries to the ground, burn.
-scriptures and humiliate lamas.,
Lamas caught worshipping were,
paraded at humiliation meetings,
harnessed to ploughs in place of
oxen, and arrested.
" We had to do as they said.'
'Every house put burnt ashes of
scriptures outside for inspection,
by Red Guards but some managed
to hide important scriptures under
the ground ", Chhamba Dhawa'
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said.
The refugees also report they.
noticed a change in the Tibetan:
communist 'hierarchy. Officials
were demoted and replaced by
people of lower status.
A 70-year-old monk, Niyang
Lama, tells a similar story: " Until'
April we had been allowed to
worship and have our monasteries.
Before, this the only difference
made w:.s an order that lamas must
also work in the fields if they,
wanted to pray..
" But in March at my village of
Phc, the Chinese called a meeting
CEYLON DAILY NEWS'
5 October 1967
and said everything must stop. Old
ideas and religion had to go and
we should read a red book given to
us by the Gcrrlog l?u&'ach. A
little while after this the Red-
Guards came and destroyed my
monastery and burnt the scrip-
tures. They asked me what I was'
going to do now. I told them
I would read chairman Mao *s
thoughts. They went away and
that night I threw Mao's thoughts
'?away',snd.loft thb:.village with
other, people :who,i brought;, me
A RUTHLESS RULE BY..,RED GUARDS
NEW YORK, Wednesday
DESPITE CHINESE TFR.
ROR. AND OPPRESSION
THE MORALE OF THE
TIBETAN PEOPLE RE-
MAINS HIG1I AND THEY
ARE DETERMINED TO
DRIVE THE CHINESE
COMMUNISTS Ot~T OF
TintP.
'I71e brother of ihs, Witt
Lama. Gyalo Thondup, made
this assessment of his over.
run country at a preys con-
ference here lnat week.
The Tibetans "continue to
resist the colontnllsts and have
firm faith that Tibet will one
day regain the Independence
to which she is entitled," he
told newsmen.
Mr Thonriup will be here
for tierce weeks for the open-
IN AVISHEIDTI J I` doctrine of Chairman Mao
ing of the :furl finned Nn-
tunny General A"einbly. He
took 1110 occasion to numma?
ri.o rnrrent Chi:tese Com.
"I"ri at aeltvitfes in Tibet and
to renew a plea for freedom
for his country. ,
"Neutralt7ntlon of Tibet
ind rc!*toring Its position as
nn Independent buffer state
Imtween China and Indict is
the only means by which last-
ing and menninglul peace can
be cSteblushed In that region,"
Prison'
11~ lie called Tibet today "a
vast prison for the Tibetan
people who have been corns
illctely ;ubju&atcd by the
' htncso" fie noted that hun-
dreds of Tibetans still escape
to l:idia and Nepal every
month.
Mr. Thondup hailed the
three separate resolutions
adopted by the U.N. General
Assembly to date (1959, 1961,
19651 calling for. independence
in Tibet, He regretted that
"neither the call of the Uni-
ted Nations nor the tears of
the Tibetan people could de-
ter the Chinese from their
aggressive and , expansionist
designs," He said that China's
main interet in Tibet is its
"militarily stratkgic location."
In his summary of current
Communist Chinese actions in
Tibet, Mr, Thondup noted that
the Cultural Revolution h ;s
spread well Into his country.
He said that Red Guards,
mostly teenagers, have fan-
nrd out across Tibet destroy-
ing religious works of art and
objects and carrying on acts
,of vandalism in monasteries,
homes and historic places.
Public trials
"The Red Guards have
punished every Tibetan who
showed the slightest indica-
tion of adhering to the Tibe-
tan religion a:;d customs," he
said.
He said man? Tibetans have
been accused as class enemies
and brought to public trials
"and beaten severely for the
crimes trumped up against
them by the Red Guards,"
He said that two Chinese
Conlmun;.st factions-the Cul.
tural Revolutionary Rebe s
and the Great Alliance-one
to support and one against the
charges and counter-charges
against one another, It is
,believed there Was conflict
among the rank and file of
the military itself both in
China and Tibet," he said.
By September 1967, Mr
Thondup maintained: "the
situation in Tibet had deterlo-
.rated into continuous open
violence consisting of bloody
beatings and killings, between
the two rival groups."
He also called attention to
the deteriorating living and
political conditions of , the
Tibetan people. "They cannot
enjoy the fruits of their
labour. Their daily consumption
Is strictly rntloned," A major
share of the food production
within Tibet is shipped ,to
ItdoctrinatIon
He cite deplored the fact
that Tibetan children are bit.
i ing educated under a Chinese
Communist system and sepa-,
irrted entirely from their par-
ents. "The Chinese have at>so
been sending Tibetan child-
ren to Chinn for final indoc';
frinntion and to train them to
bee?ree Communist cadres.'.
"The Rod Chinese got.
e-nnient." hp ea!d has been
following "the old imnerialls- .
lie policy of divide and rule,".
In Tibet. "It has carved the.
country into numerous .d-
minitf-Attvo d'Irlcts In ord"
to obliterate all sense of
Tibetan natt-tal UTtty and to
melntatn rtaid eeMrol over
the nopulatton." The ' result
has been it complete subjuga-.
tion of Tibetans.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
(By A Special Correspondent) '
HONG KONG: -- As the Dalai 'Lama, one of the
Most revered of Buddhist leaders, visited Japan ' td
Consult with Japanese Bud dhist priests, Asian Coin-
munist propaganda denounced the exiled Tibetan
icadei as a "traitorous rear tionary" while at the same
time it appealed to Buddhists in South Vietnam to
take up arms against the ' anti-Communist' govern-
ment there. "Japanese reactionaries," mean-
O servers o ,e Asian scene, Ing the Buddhist. missionary
oitlon of working both sides society of Japan which was the
of the street, in a religious Lal?ai Lama's host.
sense. They said Radio Peking The Conmluri st Chinese
I ind pro-Chinese Communists news agency distributed re-
aside Japan led the .drive ports under a Lhasa dateline',
to smear the Dalol Lama and desctibino mass meetings in
the Buddhist religion. At the Tibet called to express the anger
aame time Peking Radio, in of the "revolutionary masses'
broadcasts beamed particularly Against the Dalai Lama's visit
to South Vietnam, encouraged to japan. "Down with the
"the Buddhist faithful" in the
reactionary Dalat Lama clique,"
south to tke up arms against the crowds shouted, according
t
the newly-elected governmen
to Peking's report, as it spokes
0 to Saigon. The Communist man for ? "the emancipated
radio in Hanoi broadcast the serfs" related how the people
same line, while ignoring Be- of Tibet had suffered in the
king's attacks on the Dala past under* Buddhist repres-
tLani,a, Hanoi asserted (l;ditore: lions, before the Chinese Corn-
Oct. 2.) that the Thicu I{y go- munist."freed" them by seizing'
con-
vernment in Saigon, In a con- power In 1039 J and. forcing the
spiracy with Washington, ware Dalai Lama to flee to India.
attempting to sabotage Bud- I The Communist Chinese news
hism In particular.
VISIT DENOUNCED
Meanwhile Peking Radio de-
A.rnazingly - to those who:
are aware how Buddhism ana
all other religions have been
tramped on by the atheist Ho
Chi Minh regime in North
Vietnam - Hanoi Radio urged
Buddhists in the south to "fight
for their rights" and oppose to
,the death "the ruthless schemes)
of the Americans and their
lackeys In the south against
religion in general and Budd-,
dhism, annihilate Buddhist
:bonzes (holy men) and dislnte?
grate the force of patriotic
Buddhist faithful."
agency account made clear that
the people of Tibet rejoiced
over this ouster of "roac-
tionaiy" Buddhism and the ,
replacement ' of the Dalai
Lama's leadership by that of
'Mao Tse-tung. The agency's re-
port from Lhasa said, in this,
connection:. "In speeches, the
representatives (of the masses)
said that the million emancipat-'
ed serfs In Tibet, nurtured.with
.Mao's thought and tempered In
the great 'proletarian -revolu-
tion, will always turn to.'Chair-
man Mao, the red sun in their
heart." .
PAINTINGS SMASHED
t
i
rec
pounced the Dalai Lama's two- Tao supporters took d
'week visit to Japan in October action in Tokyo to show as as a "sinister' meeting of a displeasure. About a hundred
"runaway Tibetan traitor"-with of them burst into the Matsuza-
lcaya department store in the
heart of Tokyo in an attempt,
foiled by the quick Arrival of
police, to smash up an exhlht-
tion of ancient Tibetan palnt-!
ings and other art. The exhibit
had been opened in the. presence
of the Dalai Lama shortly
after his arrival, The onslaught
resembled Red Guard assaults
against Chinese museums and
art galleries on the mainland in
a wholesale destruction of
priceless mementos of China's
.past.
Reports reaching Hong Kong
frc-n Buddhist centres In Asia
`indicate: that the new Comrnu-
nist. attacks on the Dalai Lama
have further discredited P%%-
position in Buddhist
,communities. Asian Buddhists
know now that the mainland
Communists have attempted
s systematioally to destroy Bud
dhism Inside China, and to
eliminate its followers in Tibet,
since setzure of that ones-inde
;pendent nation. (The UN-affl-
liated International Association
"f Jurists has declared the
;Chinese Communists guilty Of
genocide in Tibet).
The Dalai Lama, him-~'clf, has
made ' no reply to the new
'Conrornunist campaign. He came
to Japan' with the promise to
.a concerned Japanese Govern-
merit that he would not' engage
in pollticnl netivitlcx. Tic has
confined himself to studying the
state, of Buddhism in Japan to-
day and in joining Japanese
Buddhist priests in meditation
and religious discussions., His
schedule called for visits to
major Buddhist temples In the
ancient capitals of Kyoto, Nara
and Osaka as well as inspection
trips through electronic and
automobile fa'torie.s'ln Tpkya
-CONTINENTAL'
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
JAPA?.' TINES
27 September 1967
Dalai Lama Comes to Japan
The Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader since 1959 in exile
In India, arrived in Tokyo on Monday night for a two=week
visit to Japan.
Sometimes referred to as the "god-king," the Dalai Lama
Is regarded by most Tibetans as their lawful ruler; be is,
also the head of the Lamaist form of the Buddhist religion
which Is found mainly in Tibet. He was invited to Japan
by the Buddhist Missionary Association In Tokyo, and the
Japanese Government agreed to his visit here en condition
that he did not engage in any political activities while in
Japan.
The Dalai Lama has, of course, no religious jurisdiction;
over Japanese Buddhists, and the form of Buddhism 'he',
professes is considerably different from those forms current,
In Japan. Nevertheless, he is honored as a devout and,
courageous Buddhist and also as the representative of a.
country which has suffered a cruel fate at the hands of
Chinese Communists.
So severe has been, and still is, this persecution that. Red
China has been' freely accused in various quarters o' the;
crime of genocide.
This visit to Japan is the Dalai Lama's first visit abroad
since he fled from his homeland eight years ago, and he is
expected on his return journey to India to stop for a few
(lays in Bangkok, another Buddhist center-this time of -
the Hinayana faith. While his trip is not intended to have
any political significance, as he was once endowed with'
sovereign powers and has suffered much anguish on behalf,
of his unfortunate country, his visit is bound to excite'
interest and sympathy.
The severity of the Peking Government's treatment of
the Tibetan people appears to have been mainly promoted;
by the ordinary Communist zest for destruction, but, the.
fact that their land was largely undeveloped, yet contained
underground mineral wealth, was undoubtedly a factor.:
Recent reports indicate, too, that despite the harshness of
the climate and the high elevation of much of the country,
the Chinese Communists have been pouring in colonists of
their own race to take the place of the native Tibetans..
This process is said to have had a good deal of success
although the Chinese do not take readily to the climatic
conditions of Tibet.
One political consequence of the flight of the Dalal Lama
and the sinicization of Tibet has been increased friction
between India and Red China.
Last March, the Foreign Ministry in Peking formally
accused the Indian Government of permitting the Dalai
Lama to set up a government-in-exile in India. The Peking
note described the Tibetan leader as a "traitor." It declared
that India had given shelter to "elements of the traitorous
Dalai clique and a large number of traitor bandits, and
openly helped them to establish in India a so-called govern-
ment-in-exile and to publish a so-called Tibetan Constitu-
It even accused India of giving Tibetan refugees "mill-
tary training" while referring to'the "new Tibet" as becom-
ing a "joyful land of socialism."
India, of course, has consistently pointed out that it
does not permit Tibetans In India (including the Dalai Lama
himself) to participate in anti-Chinese activities. The
Indian motive obviously has been humanitarian in character.
Tibetans, persecuted in their homeland by the Chinese
Communists, and fortunate enough to get away, have per-
forcq. had to find new homes, and India, the nearest free
country, could have hardly refused them a refuge. Some
Tibetans have, of course, proved able to escape to Europe,
and a number have found refuge in Switzerland in, areas
which are somewhat reminiscent of their own mountain
land.
Not only have the Tibetan people received cruel treat-
ment but it appears that many monasteries have been ruth.
lessly plundered and their cultural treasures dissipated.
The actual rulers in Tibet appear to be the Chinese
military' who take scant care respecting anybody's rights
and act in an arbitrary fashion. Earlier this year, the Tibet
Garrison of the "People's Liberation Army" issued a direc-
tive saying that anyone opposing the Army takeover would
be regarded as a "counter-revolutionary and dealt with
accordingly."
Red Chinese, actions in Tibet reveal, if nothing else does,
the true nature of a type of communism which will stop at
nothing to gain its ignoble ends. Its pretence to be con-
cerned with the welfare 'of the masses is only valid within
its own narrow Ideology, and even excites criticism from
nations that have accepted the main principles of socialism.
The H'indusIton Times Friday September 29 1967
_j 2.0 1102
denounce
From Rakshat Purl
Ulfnilustan Times Correspondent
Hong Kong. Sept. 28 - The
Chinese occupation authorities in
Tibet have organized meetings of
what they describe as "emancipa.
Jed serfs" to denounce the Dalai
Lumn, who is now on a visit to
Japan.
Radio Peking quoting. New
China News Agency said the "Oman
elpated serfs" in Lhasa met on Sun-
dya and Monday to shout slogans
against not only the "Japanese
and Indian reactionaries" but also
the United States and the ? Soviet
ted serfs" as protesting that they
would always turn to Mao .the
Red Sun.in our hearts," and vow-
ing that "they would settle the ac-
counts with the Dalni Lama ' for,
all the debts he owed them."
It may be remarked that' at
similarly organized meetings re-
ported by NCNA on Sept. 12 thou.
sands of revolutionaries and Red
Guards of all nationalities In
Lhasa were made out to have con.'
demned "Indian boundary intru
sions" and shouted slogans against
India. the Soviet Union and the
U.S.
0 7
?.~ Zvi t Fe.~ ", .c -:d-n
Union,
itepresentatices of the "emanci-
pated serfs" are also made out to
have declared that India and
Japan, the So?ret Union and the
United States "mortally feared
and hated China's great proleta-
rian cultural r?zvolution" and that
India was carrying out provoca.
tions on the Tibet-Indian border
"while following the U.S. imperia-
lism" in enabling tho Dalai Lame
to vast Japan "to.undertake trai-
torous activities."
The NCNA also made out the
representatives of the . "emancipa-
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
TT TTTT'jTA 0,1' C,3 ,? 1-967
MAN IN
THE
NEWS
Dalai Lama
brought up 'into the heat of 20th
century politics who bears on his
their way of life In a strange coun.
try till the long, weary fears of
wandering are at last over.
And yet he displays a serenity
and fortitude which can only come
out of deep spiritual conviction.
Despite his people's immense suffer.
fn$ at the hands of the Chinese he
is able to ray, "l have absolutely
no hatred in my heart. for the
I lxifnve it is one
t:dtneso
eo
?
le
p
.
p
By JOSEPH LELYVELD
of the curses and dangers of the
is now nearly nine years since the crimes of individuals." ? NEW DELHI, Nov. 19-The
a the Dalai Lama, the venerable Even of those indivividuals wbo Dalai Lama is hopeful for Ti-
gnd?kind of the Tibetans, dramatic- frail shoulders the heavy res- bet despite his feeling that this,
ally escaped from Lhasa across thepo risibility of leading his people
Roof of the World to seek refuge back to freedom and ' preserving past year, the eighth of his!
and asylum in India. have tortured and killed his court- exile in India, has been the;
ibeian race. As he put it, "Religion without
But at,long rlast elentcd ted Government wilovcrnmenticicntly 2,500, rfect and faith. in that ho which for will ono last has
of India has relented the ;learning isn't possible."
to support the Tibetan cause at onger. It is the spirit of the An Outgoing Young Man
him-
the United Nations and allow the Buddha who has said, "llovevct then Dalai I ama on his first trip out of strong the storm of evil or untruth And an optimist. he then pronounced
the surface.
the country. may be, it cannot totally cz- self
Though his two-week visit to tinguisIt the lamp of truth," that it was the kind of thing an
Japan is strictly a non-political, sustains his 14th tncat'natiort and exile with a seemingly hopeless
cultural and religious tour, it his people In their passive strugglb cause might be expected to
should help to arouse the con- against tyranny and suppression. say to gain attention or save
science of the world and remind It But for the moment the night of himself from total despair.
once more of the existence of a terror and oppression still con- . But his hope seemed to 'be'
devout and peace-loving people, tinues with not a ray of hope amid
who, despite ruthless exploitation the darkness. Thousands of peo PIo 'tinged a snot witth desperation kind for us
nged not with b but
and overwhelming odds, are still are being massacred or draggedwith a brightness that could
and attempt to annihilate the cntlroChlncsa communism has lasted 17 the los11MYLLCLUly WILL ifivala 1.414%,
s is more than outward.
T? ? yc?in while Buddhism has lasted
The initial warmth end fervour trymen no can say that one should
with which he was received in never reply to crimes with other
this country has long since turned crimes and that it is always one's
into a chilling neglect more cruel duty to help all other beings in the
perhaps to the unfortunate, yyoung universal keeping with for perfection.
. at.
cxitc of Dharamsala than Chinese
treachery or the world's indifference, most saintly, spirit he has worked
Forced into near obscurity by out a deocratic darns constitution able which
the politics and ruthless realities of Indian ofler to his country--a constitu-
colnsids severely y crippled by hi-tion of which he once said, "The
ernment's ti for the Indian ti eal main thing is that the people ought
secnent s exaRgc political to be able to et rid of cue if they
sibilitica, thq Dalai i Lama watches want to.'~
helplessly as the Chinese avstematic-
nlly destroy the traditional way of To 'those sceptics who doubt
life and culture of his people, to whether the forces of 131tddhism
wipe out the scparato Tibetan Can resist the godless hordes of
identity and sense of nationhood communism, he points out that'
gallantly striving to keep alive the into slave-labour gangs, places of
fight agnlnst_ tyranny. worship are destroyed, or turned
NEW YORK TIMES,
~NO V EMBER 21, 1967
{Exiled Dalai Lama Is Hopeful
on Future of Tibet
rent instability in hina would
Buddhist Leader DescribesI enable Tibet to shale, loose from Peking's domination.
Himself as Optimist Rather, he said, it was a long-
range conviction that the next
would be "more reasonable."
Buddhist View of Life
Then he proceeded to showl
just how long-range his judg-'
ments were. As a Buddhist,
he said.' he believes that pres-
ent events are determined by
worst for the country since intricate sets of causes stretch.
Chinese troops marched into ing back into the previous lives
Lhasa in 1951. of those who are affected by
Caught in the undertow of them.
the Cultural Revolution, the Thus, he said, it was only'
Tibetans have been forced by an "outward appearance" that
Chinese Red Guards and army the Tibetans were suffering to-l
factions to abandon all outward day because of the Chinese
expressions of their attach- aggression. "The aggression
ment to Buddhism. must have come," he said, "he
Buddhist practices, the Dalai cause we did something bad."
Lama charged in an interview Similarly, he went on, it is
last night, have been almost only an "outward 'appearance"
h
hi
-
at C
t
nese rule in Tibet is
completely wiped out. The clos-
ing of monasteries and the now permanent. The chain of
desecration of temples. he 'causes that will eventually un-
almost be called gaiety. At the
age of 32, the 14th Dalai Lama
,cuuy uc ,cngu,cawg, crca, a,
it cannot be seen.
"Cause and effect, cause and
effect, cause and effect," he
said cheerfully in English, his
fingers darting in the air to
join the links on the Imagi-
nary chain. Then his hands
dropped to his lap and he
said, "There will certainly bel
change."
The Dalailama was stopping'
over for a day on his return
from a one-week visit to Thai-
land to help inaugurate a world
vegetarian conference here be-
fore returning to his headquar-
ters at Dharamsala in the Him-
alayan foothills.
The trip to Thailand was his
second journey out of India
since his arrival here in 1959.
The first was a two-Week visit
ftto Dalai Lama continues to 1e, stark the land and Lhasa is now a remains an outgoing young
main the supremo spiritual and tem. dead city. man, full of curiosity and easily
poraf niter of Tibet,, the un- ' Unitas Chinese communfsuTimoved to laughter.
questioned limper and symbol of changes fundamentally " of the Wrapped in a maroon robe,
the Tibetan struggle for lade- Chinese find it expedient to reverses the sat cross-legged on a small
pendenco, the eloquent voice epd their policy of destroying Buddhisrnlgilt armchair, his cheap rubber
conscience of his people. in Tibet-both rather doubtful sandals on the carpet before!
By any standards he is a re. froulbilitics-it is difficult,' atlcast'him. Noticing that his visitor
markablo husn. Though only 32 he or a tion?belfcvct to we how things was jotting down notes while
radiates a spirit of ngelcssness =11 change. - ; he was speaking in Tibetan, he
(hou^h svist and erudite in spiritual . ? ;~-,Z11j",was quick to guess that they
matters he is artless and Ignorant ? , . concerned the way he was sit-
of the ways of the modern world: ting. After a good laugh he
tutcnsaly involved yet deeply explained that he found it more
detached, he Is is high incarnate, a comfortable because he was
Living Buddha who considers him. trying not to scratch mosquito)
self a liumblo Buddhist hikku. bites on his ankles. I
f
i
d
i
i
i
k
s voting man, p
e
cc
t
ar
It
s th
suddenly from the pure, monastic
pcacd in which be bpd ' beat
to Japan last month.
He explained that he was
eager to visit more Buddhist
countries before traveling out-
side Asia, lie is hoping to go
next to Burma and Ceylon.
"I go as a humble Buddhist
monk", he said. "There is a
lot of sympathy for us in these
countries, but there are still
many Buddhists who are not
well Informed about Tibet."
His hope for his country's!
future was not that the cur-i
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
JAPAN TIMES
8 October 1967
The Problem of Tibet
The currant visit to Japan of His Holiness the-Dalat:
Lama has spotlighted one of the most vexing legal and-.
moral problems in today's troubled world. Whether Com-
munist China. has the right to occupy Tibet and rule the'
three million Tibetans Is one aspect of the problem. And
whether it is right for the Chinese Communists to destroy,
Tibetan. culture and erase the identity of the Tibetan
people Is another.
The Tibetans became Identified as a nation in the seventh c
century when a number of ferocious Himalayan tribes
united under the leadership of a strong chieftain. The1
united tribes defeated China and imposed humiliating
terms, but in the process acquired Buddhism, which, while:
keeping the tribes united, pacified them.
Eventually, the Buddhism became Lamaism, and Tibet'
became a theocratic state. The Grand Lama-or Dalai
Lama, as he finally was called-headed ? the nation and,
maintained a "spiritual temporal" relation with China.,
After some centuries, the Chinese came to look upon Tibet;
as a vassal state which they had generously permitted,
self-government.
Early In this century, the British were the dominating'
Influence in that part of the world. The Tibetans, exasper-
ated at the Chinese attitude, had succeeded in ejecting
even the pretence -of 'any Chinese authority over their
affairs.
In niid-1914, a meeting between Tibet, China and Britain
was held in Simla, India, for the purpose of establishing
Tibet's borders. The border between India and Tibet was
easily agreed upon, but the Chinese would not accept the
Article II of the Convention described Tibet as being
"under the suzerainty, of China." This recognized a tradij
son rather than any legal or de facto relationship. More-
over', "suzerainty" was not to he confused with' "saver..
,rignty." It meant, in effect, that China was to remain
Tibet's protector and as such was permitted a strong`
voice in Tibet's foreign relations. It did not mean that.'
China had any voice whatever in Tibet's internal affairs.
In addition, the same Article II of the Convention speet
;led that, the Chinese were "not to convert Tibet into a,
f' in(?in s
Pakistan.--UNt.
Peking Radio assails
Dalai Lama
NT 7W DELHI. October 13: The
Dalai Lama was today again the
target of the fury of Peking Radio
which reported his derarture fat
India on Tuesday after a two-week
visit to Japan.
1 ho Tibetan spiritual head was
called by the radio the "Tibetan
bandit leader" who took part in
"treacherous activities" In Japan in
collusion with the 'reactionary Sato
Government:
The radio said: "The reactionary
Sato Ciovcrtiment's action to allow
"Chinese province"
Finally, the Tibetan' declared that, ,if the Chinese did
.rot ratify the Convention, Tibet's status reverted back to
.that of "an independent nation recognizing no allegiance
to..China."
i- ? In October 1950, In a sneak attack, 40,000 Chinese Com=
munist troops crossed Tibet's eastern borders and engaged
.the tiny Tibetan army. The Tibetans fought bravely, but
were overwhelmed.
The Chinese rationalized the aggression on the basis
that, because the British had participated in the Simla
Convention, it was automatically imperialistic and there-
fore ?to be rejected. Moreover, even the imperialistic"
British had recognized China's suzerainty over Tibet,
and this was now conveniently interpreted as "sover-
eignty."
Since ?then, whenever the Tibetan issue has risen in
world affairs, the Communists) indulge in legalistic hair-
splitting over "suzerainty", and "sovereignty," and they
reinvoke the immorality of. British imperialism until the
issue is drowned in a verbal deluge.
Meanwhile, the best land of the three million Tibetans'
has been confiscated and given to Chinese settlers. Their
religious practices are suppressed, and their religious
establishments are being methodically destroyed. Their.
art, literature, folkways, traditions and even their language
are being obliterated. Forced labor is the fate of tens of
thousands of Tibetans. Public torture Is a common method
of enforcing Peking's authority.
Since 1959, more. than 90,000 Tibetans have been killed
in the Chinese attempts to put down Tibetan resistance
and uprisings. Many more than this number have died of
starvation. No matter how the word "'genocide" is defined,
the evidence is overwhelming that the Chinese Communists
are guilty of it.
In early 1959, the present Dalai Lama escaped from
Lhassa to India. He made the dangerous journey in order
to tell the world what was happening in his country and
to seek help. for his peopId. Severel thousands of his
subjects have managed, to evade Chinese patrols and ;coined
.him. These refugees-and their religious leader constitute
an unrecognized government-lit-exile. Unquestionably, it
As the only group that can claim the right to speak.for
the Tibetan people.
the Dalai I a.ma to indulge in anti-'
Chinese activities in Japan is an-
other senous provocation against.
the Chinese people following Sato'e ;
visit to Taiwan."
It took objection to the publica.
tion of a pamphlet by "Yomiurl
Shimbun" carrying a letter from the
Dalai Lama to organisers of the
Tibetan exhibition there naming
Tibet "at par with India and Japan
as three countries."
The radio commented that the
publication of this statement by the
Dalai Lama Is "obviously a hero.,
ous crime of the Sato Government
which follows U.S. Imperfalism."--
PTI,
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line that divided eastern and northern Tibet from China,
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PI I RE MW #43, Peking
October 20, 196T
Tii.? Chia( F-o i't LC'S(ntative pointed
out th:,t on September 26 Dalai
presided over the opening ceremony
of a so-called "Tibetan Trea"ures Ex-
hibition" in Tokyo sponsored by
Yomiuri Shimbun. On the map hung
in the exhibition hall and in the
pamphlets sold there, Tibet was de-
lineated as a separate "country," and
"Tibetan masses" and the nationals
of Japan and India were lumped
together as "civilians of the three
countries." This was a vain and
crude attempt at interfering in
China's internal affairs and splitting
China's sacred territory, as well as
an open political provocation against
China. Besides NIatsutaro Shoriki,
director of Yoiniuri Shimbun, offi-
cials of the U.S. Embassy in Japan
and the Japanese Foreign Ministry
and the Indian Charge d'Affaires in
Japan also took part in this sinister
activity.
"Yomiuri Shimbun" Correspond-
ent in Peking Disqualified
The representative of the Liao
Cheng-chih Office of China called in
the representative of the Tatsunosuke
Takasaki Office of Japan in Peking
on October 12. He severely de-
nounced the responsible members of
the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri
Shimbun for following the orders of
the U.S.-Japanese reactionaries in
the anti-China campaign and making
arrangements, together with the
Japanese Association for Preaching
Buddhism, for China's arch Tibetan
traitor Dalai to travel from India to
Japan on September 25 to carry out
criminal anti-China activities. He
informed the Japanese representative
that he was authorized to announce
the cancellation of the right of
Yomiuri Shimbun, as of that day, to
accredit a correspondent to Peking.
It is reported that after his stay
in Tokyo Dalai also went to Kyoto
and other places for sinister activities.
Patriot, 1'l eta i?olhi 4 Ocf. 196'7
The Chinese representative pointed
out that it was an undeniable fact
that the responsible members of
Yontittri Shirnbun had arranged
Dalai's trip to Japan for anti-China
activities. It was new evidence that
the reactionary Japanese Govern-
nnent'was following U.S. imperialism
and collaborating with the Indian
reactionaries in pressing ahead with
its anti-China policy. It was also a
big exposure of the ugly features of
the responsible members of Yomiuri
Sliintbun as pawns of the reactionary
Sato government in opposing China.
The representative pointed out
that the vicious political aim of these.
manoeuvres was particularly evident
since they occurred at a time when
Sato. had just concluded his "visit"
to Taiwan and was on his anti-China
mission to some Southeast Asian
countries and regions, and when the
General Assembly of the United
Nations, a tool of the United States,
was in session. The Chinese people
would never tolerate this.
- iR~GCIT
TIBETAN ART EXHIBITION SMASHED b. i4b~
TOKYO,' Oct. 5 (PTI). selves into the gallery and pulled "We know nothing of it," he said.'
clown exhibits-as frightened spec. China accused-Burma yesterday.
ONE. hundred Chinese today tators looked on. One glasscale of having "completely 'torn up" an
broke into an exhibition of containing a Tibetan painting was economic and technical cooperation
smashed. agreement between the two coon-
Tibetan art ~ treasures here After the incident a spokes-' tries. .
smashing the gallery and top. man for the Japanese Socialist It also charged that the, Bur-
piing' the exhibits before police Party s Friendship for Com- mere Government wants to expel
munist China Association said. Chinese experts working .,to com-
intervened to clear them, out. 'Tibet -belonged to China and plate protects under the agreemnt;
One Chinese' was taken into exhibits were stolen by At Peking's official New China News
custody. Dalai Lama, a traltor," Agency said the Chinese Foreign
The spokesman, however, denied Ministry made the accusations in
Shouting "stop the exhibition". 'fl'it the Chinese 'were- orgadized a note delivered to the Burmese
the Chinese intruders forced them., to raid the exhibition, by his party. embassy in Peking, yesterday.
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Next 6 Page(s) In Document Denied
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Dienstag, 24. Oktober 19V 1 _
Seita 12 / DIE PRESSE
SAG
r S.chachider w a. ' Soweaerct I
Hintcrgriinde des Falles Anasov --- io 'at fond sein Opfer irn Kaffeehaus
fu
St
t
f
i
?
r
oa
; rgerskha
tsunge
egenhei- 'fiber die bisherige Aufinerksamke
Eigenbericht der Presse ten zustandi?en Magistratsabtei h` 1S4
1 h
l
dessen Mitgliod der Gememdebeamte schen Papieren auszustatien. DerBe-
ist, herangemacht. Die beiden sa- trcffcnde hatte nichts anderes tun
lien einander otters am Sdiachbrett mussen, ais urt einen Staatsbilr'er-
gegentiber -- ein ,Zufall", den der ;~G;y~,rt..narliwri:~ nnrur:uc}tcrn, clcr irn
Diplomat'geschickt gelenkt hatte. Um an Hand des ein;:gesc;~leusten :;tlschen
sich dos Wohiwollen des Bear.-! Materials hSchstwahrschclnlich aus-
ten zu sichern, , iiberrasc to er I gcsteilt wordea wore.
ihn zunachst durch kleine PrAsente, Auch darulh r, was Hach dern
An-
und zwar in der Form, da3 e.I bot Anascv an der. Magistrats-
manchmal Theaterkarten, efn anda- beamte . gcsc`:ch, gibt es zwei Les-'
res Mal wieder Bother schenkte. Dos , _.? V 1.._.-u a.: in Magistrat
war im vergangenen Jahr. Ina m
Yi;r.? -' list, der Lcamte a sci stutzig gd~-
jahr 1867 lic3 Anasov zum erste:.ma- c"`
seine wahren Absichten dur hbli::.' wc.den, well ih4 sein Schachkoliege
Er fragte den._ Beamten,. der in der.
M. A. S. Anasov hat in der i sterrei- and eines Tares, erklUrte er offen, . fort seiner vorgesctzwn Dienststelle
chischen (5ffentlichkeit Aufsehen cc- was er eigentlich wolle. gemeldet, hbrt mnn ' aberma]s an
regt. Der Diplomat, Angehdriger des DarOber gibt es jcdoch zwei Ver- Geld rer geromman ~rnrnon. Insgesairsgesat s sol ol des
i es
sowjetischen Zivilnachrichtendien- sionen: Wt hrend man im Wiener sich um 4000 'Schilling gehandelt
stes, hatte, wie berichtet, den Ver- Rathaus mutmal3t, der Sowjetdiplo-; haben. Im letzten Moment babe ? es
such unternommen, omen Wiener mat babe sich rienntnisse uber ?den der Beamte jedoch mit der Angst ?zu
Magistratsbcamten zu bestechen, and inhalt bcstimmter Staatsbtirger4 , tun bekommen rand habe die Sache
war dabei aut frischer Tat ertappt schaftsakten verschaffen woilen,, gemeldet. Er informierte den .Magi-
worden. Wie Anasov vorging, urn: glaubt man an anderer Stelae, da3 strat, der die~.Staatspolize,1 verstiin-
,ein Ziel zu erreichen, wurde jetzt er the Absicht hatte, sein ppfer dazu digte.
im Detail 'bckannt. ? ~ zu veranla~sen, falschc l' arteikarten
Der Attache hatte sick an den .. anzulegen uod in die Registratur ein-
Magistratsangesteliten in einem , zuschmu
gKeln. Dies 1:14tte es dem
Schochklub, der semen Sitz in einern sowjetiscl:en Gchclmdlenst ermdg-
Kaffeehaus im 7. Bezlrk hat and , lid't, cinen Agenten mit dsterreichi-
z
d aufzudrangen
WIEN' (r). Dec Fall des in Wien lung 61 arbeitet, zurachst vorsichtig maus p ac Ge
akkreditierten sowjetischen Attaches fiber die Art seiner Tiitigkeit aus ! versuchte, and babe dies daher so-
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DIE PRESSE, Vienna
24 October 1967
The Chess Player Was A Soviet Agent
Background of the Anasov Case -- Diplomat found his victim in a
Coffee House.
Vienna. The case of the accredited Soviet Attache in Vienna, M.A.S.
Anasov, has created a sensation with the Austrian public. As reported, the
diplomat, a member of the Soviet civilian intelligence service, attempted
to bribe a Vienna municipal official and was caught in the act. How Anasov
proceeded to reach his objective has now become known in detail.
The attache approached the municipal official at a chess club, located
in'a coffee house in the Seventh District. The municipal official is a mem-
ber of this chess board -- a coincidence which the diplomat had cleverly
controlled. In order to_ secure the good will of the official, he [the dip-
lomat] surprised him first with small gifts; sometimes the gifts were
theater tickets and at other times books. That was last year. In the spring
of 1967, Anasov let his real intentions show through for the first time.
He first carefully questioned the official, who worked in Municipal Depart-
ment 61 for Citizenship Matters, about his type of work and one day he
openly stated what he wanted.
There are two versions about this: Vienna City Hall officials surmise
that the content of specific citizenship records: other sources believe
that he intended to get his victim to make false file cards and to smuggle.
them into the records. This would have made it possible for the Soviet
Intelligence Service to supply an agent with Au,trian documents. The agent
would not have to had to do anything buc apply for a proof of citizenship
record, which would have most probably been issued to him on the basis of
the false material inserted in the files.
There are also two interpretations about what happened after Anasov
made his proposal to the municipal official. While it is explained in the
City Council that the offic.ia1 became suspicious when this chess partner
suddenly went beyond his cus6omary attentiveness and attempted to press
money on him -- a fact the official immediately reported to his superiors --
other sourceb claim the official took the money. A total of about 4,000
shillings was reportedly involved. The official is said to have last his
nerve at the last moment and reported the matter. He informed the City
Council, which reported the matter to the state police.
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18 October 1967
By D. F. KARAiKA
ir JUNE this year a comparatively u, mown paper,
1
'"TOU%C I\i)iA'i 1 n cl ? t-t' t`t rent newt r
I s
O
+
c Tx p.
e m t .c
il
, r
cif MAIIATMA GANDIIi, put out I. remarkable story in
nnswcr to the question: "What as been the exten of
K.G.B. involvement in India's fourth General Election?"
"YOUNG INDIA" said: "The bone Ministry is sitting on the
biggest story of the decade. Through lisinstaking sleuthing by h.:'i
much-maligned security men, Home Minister Mil. Y. it. Ciic.Vi.N
Is in possession of facts which, it masts public. wou:3 brow ' sic d-
ly Indo-Soviet Relations' sky high!"
It then went on to tell this No,u-4 well placed in Vie
story-. It referred to the hue Ministry, nainrci acecra Ari: r;.
and cry raised in the country, can nisei who were "ha;i; y to
chiefly by Communists, that avail themselves of CIA money
there should be a thorough in- so as to subvert the :.-atian.
vrstigation of the activities of voter."
the American. CIA in India, lb-re arc some headlines from,
Large sections of the Indian blitz at the lime of the hue and;
public men, accustomed to hay-
ing their voices heard loudly in
the country, joined in the
chorus. It was stated that
India's sovereignty was at stake
rind that our moral` fibre was be-
Ing undermined by the Ameri.
can dollar.
Home Minister Chavan, not
usually mindful of Communist.
suggestions, was urged to issue
directives to all responsible
Tiros of his Ministry, asking
to a iti;;iit-win;, Congress boss.
in i'. . '
"Its. 97..5 lakhs were used to'
finance a rabidly pro-Anneri-
can srcuiar party".
"A pro-American Hindu
Communal party had bene-
tit.d by an undisclosed
account.'
"A Congress leader In {West
ifengal got 9.5 lakh. "
''-them to trace the CIA men al- Blitz was even auhle to idruuiry
?ifleged to he operating in our the: US. "urivat," nca;anhohon
country, their agents and theirs which providrrt 518.000 in crisp
venue of operation, so (hat such American greenbacks to a Jan
American activity In this coup- ISnngh leader whom Blitz claim.
try, which would amount to in- ed to klenli(t'
volvement In our General Elcc-I YOUNG'iNDiA then proceeds:
tlons and in our democracy,(: tc outline the nature of the.' en-
could be exposed. quirt' instituted at Mr. Chavan's'
The search, in its original' instance and how the sleuths oft
form, was clirected to locating.! the home Ministry went ahoert
CIA "spies" by investigating . run lut'tiog this investigation.
unusual expenditures made by YOUNG INDIA says: "Ind
some candidates during Ihe?:
election campaign. so the security boys tanned out
YOUNG INDIA says: "The 1 into election districts, question-
main charge against Am'crican?1 ing party officials and local nd.i
intelligence was that through.' ministrators.
the notorious triple-pass, vari-I . "flow many automobiles and 1
ous American research 'orga- ! Jeeps diet Mr. So-and-So hove:
nisations and-"charitable funds' at his (Iisposal? )low many ad-
Were pouring CIA money into vertisements were placed in
the pockets^of Right Wing poll. local newspapers on behalf of
ticiuns." ,: Mr. So-and-So's campaign, and
As was to be expected,; by what firms?
RLiTZ, which' claimed to have "Did any foreigners appear in
the area during the pre-election
period? Did they demonstrate
particular interest In the pros-
pects of the campaign". tf-as1
therm' evidence, smith ac lnrrenc-
ed purchases at local shops, that
large amounts of money were in
circulation on election eve?
Were there reports of bribery
of local election officials?
YOUNG INDIA continued:
"Talking to men-on-the-scene,
local politicians, petty officials,
security lads minced no words.
They were after big game: CIA
Money. They were investigat-
ing without hesitation expendi-
iure ui candidates of 'a rabidly
pro-American secular party'
and 'a pro-American Hindu
communal party', Let the chips
fall where they may! Let
,Vashiagton shudder! Let P1.
co wheat go down the drain!"
The Home Ministry security
bops DID appear to come to the
conclusion that in some cases
too much money appeared to
have been spent, which could
not possibly have come from
the candidate himself or his
political party.
But what their Investigations
also unearthed was that the
money alleged to have been
given to our Indian candidates
did not originate from the
United States: It was traceable
to Soviet origin and there ap-
peared to be evidence of it bay-
ing been siphoned out through
the Soviet Embassy In Delhi
and the Soviet consulates in
other cities of India!
YOUNG INDIA: "Home Min-
kter Chavan, with scrupulous
neutrality, ordered his men to
pt:rsue to the billet end every
shred or evidence of politic?af
funny business. Irrespective of
whether It fed them to the Right
or to the Left.
Chavan shocked
in its size. its complexity, and
its implications for the future
of India's relations with her
giant neighbour across the
Himalayas.
"Astonished, lie sat down
with the experts themselves,
personally added up the figures
they had arrived at, figures that
scpresented an awesome sum
total of political chicanery,
manipulation and bribery, not
by the Americans but by the
Soviet KGD!"
Su. -Prise packet
Discarding mar inal-type re-
ports, which could be dlsmisserl
as rumours not corroborated by
actual evidence, the Home Min.
ister is said to have compiled a
list of "firm cases" which re-
vealed that the total candidates
backed by the KGB was 129, of
which 42 were Lok Sabha can-
didates and 87 were candidates
for the State Vidhan Sabhas,
Of the benefits received by
these candidates, 18 were
traceable to the Right CPI,
19, "including one well-
known Independent", belong-
ed to the Leftists in the CON-
GRESS Party, 2 were said to
be from the D11IK, and 3 even
from the Jan Sangh. The
Home Office investigations
breakdown of the M.L.A. can-
didates was: Right CPI 57,
Left CPI 9, and Dli1K 21.
To what extent did the Soviet
KGB financially assist these 129
candidates?
According to the Home of-
fice's information, this is said to
have totalled the staggering
figure of Its. 1,60,61,000,
YOUNG INDIA: "Security
drew some fascinating con-
clusions from these statistics,
It will be noted that, all told,
a total of 129 candidates re-
ceived financial support total-
ling Its. 1,60,61,000 or ap-
"Anxiously, he awaited the proximately Rs. I and I lakh
results of their probings, Ner- Per candidate. Yet 19 Left
vously. he watched over the Congress candidates (Inctud-
shoulders of the experts at se Ing one well known indcpen.
curity headquarters, watched'; dent) received its. 62.17,000
the reports mount higher and or an average of 3 and I lakhs
higher on their desks. , each, better than 21 times
'incredulous, he stared as the nallonal average!"
experts matched the jagged bits I According to is report In this
of raw evidence together, form. paper, the Security Department
Ing a mosaic picture staggering of the Home Office commented
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that these figures r, riveted the
importance which the KGB at-
ltnched to certain coristitncncie.i
where prominent mouthpieces
of the Soviet vict~?poinl were
running their candi airs.
"Our security sources noto
1 that the Soviets suffer from few
Inhibitions in supporting CPI
members and known Soviet
sympathisers. The KGIS as-
isumes that most Indians know
they are doing this anyway."
Referring to the attitude of
the KGB to Kerala, the Home
Office appears to have come to
the conclusion that at election
time the KGB had to show their,
goodwill by supporting some of
the Left Congress candidates
who were described in this con-
fidential report as "EMS's fav-
ourites".
YOUNG INDIA comments
that "most curious is the KGB's
,help to a tiny handful of Jan
Sangh candidates." How Soviet
IIntelligence felt It advantagc-
tous to assist so communalist a
party as the Jan Sangh is a mat-
ter of great interest, but it
would indicate that the KGB's
operations in this country are
!fa?rly extensive and it would
,like to keep in its orbit of inte-
rest all manner of Indians-
Right. Left or Centre-who are
likely to conic to the top.
"With the D;tiK It was much
The same story". YOUNG
INDIA says. "The KGB assi.m-
ed that the DMK would send a
good number of MPs to New
Delhi in 1967... It was vital
then for the KGB to secure
agents in the DMMK who wr,; d
parrot a Leftist line suh:iy
tailored to suit conditions w?ilh-
In the Party."
YOUNG INDIA adds: "Since
the DMK put a higher premium
on winning Madras State than
on the Lok Sabha, it was neces-
sary for the KGB to support a ood dates (f number web,"
',A political scandal
YOUNG INDIA: "Security
was not a little intrigued that
the KGB provided no aid with-
out strings to the CPI in this
election. In 1967, contrary to
past practices, the CPI was told
in no uncertain terms on which
candidates it could spend KGB
money, and how much,"
I Commenting on the "subtle
tactics" adopted by the KGB
and unearthed by the Home
Ministry investigators. YOUNG'
INDIA says "KGIS techniques
for supporting non-Leftist can.
dictates. by necessity were more
subtle. In such cases, the role
of Soviet espionage must be
concealed.
"A lapse would provoke a
political atandal of vast dinten?
dons. Basic reed Is to avoid
the direct irl\'olvenictit of a
Soviet agent. (`!.e Of the many,
insidiously clever methods ijy
which the KGB saiv" this pro-
blem is to utliise friendly im-
porl.export firms as a 'corer' for
pa-,sing money."
A "friendly hint" train KGII
representatives in tilt' cities of
India is apparently all that Is
needed for some of our traders
to Swint; into action to sunnnrt
the candidate of the KGB's
choice.
YOUNG INDIA then allegei:
'Those are Itic fa(. is which se-
curity has placed before the
Home Ministry".
Fashionable
To this we would add another
Were of information which may
be of special lnlcrest to Mr. Y.
B. Chavan. It Is the use made
by the KGII of a swarthy young
woman, somewhat shapely in
form, gentle. e'atrerneiy w'elt-
s,/aken. and seemingly hartn-
tesc, whom the l ii$I has been
employing as a sort of "free-
lance" contact girl.
This youtieidi lady appears
to have much twrsnnal charm.
which. it is briievcd, is found
a:itactice not only In the recoil-
rand Leftists. b", e. on file .rime
on tit:- extreme Inf. It is 1,-,id
it ahe nearly tsstiled a i't.blie
itcialin;is jnh fiathe lienritnutr-
.t'n: of ;,\':,\v:-,Pv nirli-Cern-
nlUnist ost, nsct ccci party!
Ti,is taxi, said he Of Goon
lance
origin. is 11111 c:.fr: to it
exloill Icy !iii.c,\?i.'t I(Gii marl
in Ltidiii. 'i Loy scent to be
aware of bet ,,w:,-s of attract-
in cc fairt.? N'itie circle Oi
_:ffi:all,c ::1 ;nli[i('s lid in ncW9?
,;er ;;ti ;.csc. Seen at the
;tj, Ritz, Juhu. ? . she is said
to be ree?n at f:+stiionable haunts.
in Otte or the important pre-
(if ,fights in 11 charasi:tra, a
:fi st srsi:;tment of its. 2C,00u is
alFrt:ccl fa have been #l.id to a
KGB favoured "socia.Lst" c:ua-
didate by an Indian connected
remotely with the newspaper
world. but obviously of the
Leftist variety.
Additional flids, which seem-
ed to be required by the same
candidate, were siphoned to him
through a close relative of it
right-wing Opposition party
candidate, who appears to be a
businessman with some pro-
perty of his own but who seems
to be getting n rake-off from the
Soviets for the stooging he does
on their hchnif,
All these men and women,
who believe they arc. extremely
clever in their operations., are
row on the list of KGB stances
vita n, ,fisted the ICGfi in reach-
ing the Indian candidates of
their chnice.
Tier storm over the CPA's at-
legetl Involvement in India's
I`'rnir'th General EticIion,s has
blown over. The enquiries ap-
y I
ictionof the ultome ilMin tier
that America diet not meddle In
our Internal domestic affairs.
But the Soviets did. Home
Minister Chavan has now got
before him in black anti white
that the KGB very blatantly
Interfered in our elections.
Even Blitz's columnist "Clhan-
der" saes in his "NEWS IIE-
It1ND NEWS" column (Septem-
ber 30, 1067); "The claim of
the tnt.ellIgence Bureau is that
It is keeping n .close watch on
tee financial assistance render-
ed also by the Communist coun-
tries to individuals and politi-
cal ;,tartics InIndia " P- f ccts our sovereignty
So that even Blitz is aware
that the Intelligence Bureau
(of the Home Mintrt.ry) claims
to he aware of "the financial
assistance rendered also by the
Communist countries."
'What more could the !tome
Minister want than that
so Jrces so close to the 'Om.
misitist countries should
know what the Intelligence
aareau of his Ministry thinks
and feels?
`ihe question that should he
nst(cd of the borne l`ltinister Is:
'Why is he now sitting an the
report which his very able men
have presented to him?
Is this part of Inctin'a foreign
policy that we should stomach
Soviet interference in our of-
fairs to the extent which it has
reached in the last General
Elections, according to facts
t r s_iIntelligenthe
ce I Depa tment
9 ry'.
to the Home Minister himself?
The fact that these allegations
Were made as far back as in
June of this year and Mr. Cha-
van has remained publicly
silent, substantiates the belief
that the Government of India
wisp ca to dither over this vital
Jtorne Ministry report.
It is doubtful, howvve;r. in
!view of our having resurrected
'S(O'"JNG INDIA'S report in our
paper, that this hush-hush will
oc ;alowed to continue.
Parliament meets next month,
when some pertinent questions
slroald be addressed to !tome
Mir, Ister Chavan on this vital
Issue, which affects the sove-
reignty of our country and the
very foundations of our demo-
eracy.
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Ceylon Daily News
April 22, 1967
(By a "Daily News" r.j orter)
-Sunil Hewage, one of the three 'wanted men'
the February Plot investigation, has deep
and devious connections with the Communist
Party (Moscow), the 'Daily News' reliably un-
terstands.
'Mr. Hewage is said to have been mentioned
1`b y suspects who are now under detention in the
February t Plot investigation.
;'Among the allegations made against him, reliable
sources said, is that he had been responsible for pre-
paring identity discs to be worn by the conspirators
on their operational day, and provided the cons-
ipirators with foreign know-how. He has not yet been
traced by the police however.
In February 1962, Mr. Hewage was elected Vice-Presl-
;dent of the All-Ceylon Federation of Communist Pro-
gressive Youth Leagues, a Communist Party (Moscow)
front organisation.
In the same year, he helped
to found the Comrnittee for
Solidarity with Cuba, and is
said to have teen associated
with the pu;bl:c: tion. of pam-
phlets by this Curnrn,tee.
Later in 1562, Oc-
tober - December - Mr.
Hewage is reported to have
functioned as Political - Ins-
tructor to Agitprop Cadres
at underground indoctrination
classes held by the ;urune-
gala Local of the Communist
Party (Moscow.)
mbassy cm ~;loyeo
Early in 1b631, the 'Daily
News" understands he work-
ed in a Journalistic capacity
for the Information Depart-
ment of the USSR Embassy
He 1i believed `to have edited
the Sinhala publication of
"Soviet Land' throughout
that year.
In December 1964, Mr.
Bewage was elected Deputy
Secretary of the Executive
Committee, Ceylon National
Federation of Communist and
Progressive Youth' Leagues.
Last year, 'reliable political
c ources told the "Dally News
yesterday, he served as Edi-
tor of "Soviet News" a TASS
publication, and also wrote
for Aththa, a daily associated
with the communist Party
(Moscow).
? Valerl M Vavllov. expell-
ed fra orwa in Fehrunry
74 ,, or ahem t n pro-
cure confidential Informa-
tion from employees of the
Norwegian Storting (Parlia-
ment.)
* tinatot ajyjrshin
and-'q ~l-a~ m r R Over kin_
dec l e 2$3.eSRLU rLon.__grr'L a
`-and ex erled from Ghana in
p- rc
Tas corresnonden and . Mr,
Q , ,ir)~_ .av eng1ncrr
were both accused of being
"intelligence officers engaged
In aeninnana"
Tass, the of vial newn
,,gency of the Soviet Union,
is under the control of the
USSR Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr, A. A. Gromyko.
Persona non grata ,
The records show that dur-
the ast twelve ea s,
szmost true same numbeor
as5 newsmen hays been de-
rea Tim So y a non, grata o?:
ocii rwise mentioned in coil-
ieciton;wit`.spionaae and
suoyersive wctivities. Among
Zhem:
* vel orov ex
neilec,i t e 4 panese Gov-
rrnr.,ent In
1y ~ mfr I95 ,_
on the ground that he was
not F. bona fide journalist",.
Yuri z. Trnshkin dec
larOU 50T71 nf. ('.rata, Fy-11CL_
OR ieieff_from"';'n,aiTan~~ in
` :,tober LlD53. `Mr. i.'rushkin'3
aCIege co a orc.tor, al-
roulla M. Shalkarov served In
rev on rom w era-fie war
exueT cdS Tact year,
~' t'fl~chai ll kin, dec-
lared persona non and"
epee from 11 san fn
-October or uunaaU Fie-
rised p otography."
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
LA LIBRE BELGIQUE
29 June 1967
Deputs -le debut de 1-annee
Un coup sGri a ate Porte
a I'os ionnarle sov t
en Europe oocid m 13
D'ot5, sans douse, le remplacement a Moscou,
du chef des services secrets
un certain nombre d'offaires rCvA-
lees an grand jour oat donne un
coup serieux A.1'espionna?ge at A
la subversion sovietique en Euro-
pe,
En janvier, un officier des oar-
vices de renseignem.ents sOvieti-
ques Vladimir Cheretoune, qui
operalt A Bruxelles sous la cou-
verture de c representant de :a
do sea tentatives d'obtenir des
renseignementa dons le domain
de ]'aviation mtlitalre.
Peu acres cette expulsion, les
HOllandais mi-rent la main our un
autre c representant ? de i'cAero-
flota, V. Gloukhov, qui, faisant fi
des traditions de foalme at de
sang-froid attribuees ppar la logen-
de aux espions et i'llustrees par
des hommes tell Quo Sorge ou
Abel, se mit A bra Her at A ameu-
ter la po u,ation lore de son arres-
tation. Il n'en fut pas moths ex-
pulse.
En mars dernier, la capture en
Italle do Pesplon sovtetique Ri-~
naldi at de plusieurs de ses agents,
revela in personnalite d'un certain
nombre d'officiers de renseigne-
ments sovietiques qul furent obli-
gas de quitter lies pays ou i s ope-
raient, tels lea diplomates Y. P av-
?lenko (Italia), I. Otchourkov et
B. Petrine (Grote), A. Zakiarov
(Chypre) et N. Ranov (,tAeroflots
A Chypre).
Mn avril. la Belgique otal't A :
nouveau be theAtre de i'arreata--,
tion et de ]'expulsion pour esplon-!
nags du correspondant de I'agen-
ce Tn ss. Ana.toli Ogorodnikov.
Enftn, le trotsiome secrAtaire 1
d'a mba$side . Vitals Bolarhov et le
renresentant,' d'une ? entreprisp. de
films. Oleg Semikov, furent ega-
lement invites A quitter In Belgi-
que. on raison do lours activites
subversives.
Un. agent a parle...
Un des agents au service du
trio Ogorodnikov - Balachov - Se-
mikov fournit egalement l'identi-
to de sera a.nciens maitres du K.
G. B., A Tunis : A. Zelenine et Y.
Muratov. Dans un autre pays
d'Afrique du Nord. cette tots le
Maroc. le repres?entant de VeAAro-
fot >, K. Aksenov. fut Agolement
dAmasquA comma officier de ren-
'&eiO'nement soviAtique.
Les Suisses, at hospitaliers, fu-
rent finalement A lour tour IrritAs
par l'a.gressivite de ]a subversion
sovietique. ce qui Les amen A
e.xnulsar 1. Petrov - 'in deleg?tte
official auprea de !'Union interns-
tlona:e des Tel communications.
Celui-ci avalt eCsiye de recruter
un cltoyen su.isse en vue d'obtenir!
des info d'ordra politique.,
Plusieurs autres officters de
rrnseignements sovietiquoS ant
ate demasquC.s en 1967 : K. Lem-
zenko, do ]'Organisation Commer-
ciale a Sovfrakht w on It-111?e ; to
aprofesseurs S.TehournOVSky. qui
se trouvait aux Poys-P,'s a.u debut
de cette annAe; C. Bolan et A.
Solovov. ayont tous deux reside
on Italia: P. I,omalane, attache
militaire A Chypre:rt M. Kllttde 1OV.
attache A tin dap
N. U. A Geneve: Victor Petrouch
kine at Nikolai Mschkovtsev,
ayant reside toils deux A Chypre.
D'autres Sovietiques varront sans
aucun doute tours activites miles
A. jour A In suite de In decouverte'
rAcente d'un rCsa,u d'espionnage
de 1'U.R.S.S. en Norvege.
;.,
La publieit2 donnAe A cette do- i
couverte de non;breux offlcier9
a.ppnrtenant A I'es-nionnage sovie-
tique a peut-Ct.re masque aux!
vcux du .^-rand public cotta autrej
activitC clue 1'LJ P S.S, poursuit j
ati .c tenacitC : la pe rCci:tion daps
]curs pays d'accueil des nssOCin-
tions d'emigres cusses anti-soviA-
tiques.
Depuis la creation de In aTche-
kan (premier nom donne A I'orga-
ni-sation d'es-ntonnage at de sub-
version du Kremlin), connue all-
jourd'hui sons I'apnellation K.G.B
tin tros gros effort a et.e fourni A
-
cotta fin. Les nationalistes ukrai-I
niens sent plus particulierement
vises. car Us restent vi:se6ralefont
fideles A leer propre culture. re-
fiisant obstinAment d'etre c sovie-
tisAs 2'.
Il faut savoir qu'une section spA-
ciale fut creee au sein de la. iTche-
ka? (K.G.B.I pour s'oecuper uni-
quement des emigres. C'est tee dA
partement qui organisa les plans
de 1'assassinat des leaders ukrai-
niens les p:us connus do 1'Amigra-
tion, Stepan Bandera et Lev Re-
bet, a AlimlhAs physiquement a en
Allemaene en 1857 at 1959 respec-
tivement.
Un episode de is guerre A oil-
trance menAe contre Ies emigres
ukrainians s'e.st rAcemment dArou-
le on France. It etlt felt grand,
bruit si i'attention de i'opinton pu-
blique n'avalt pas Ate dirtgAe. au
moment memo. sur d'autres acres-
tations de sujets sovietiques at do
leurs agents dons toute ?Europe
occidentals.
En fevrler dernier. s'approchant
discrAtement d'un bone situt pros
de In place des Terries A Paris.
4la police arreta un nommA T
Bidnyk, emigre ukrainien as 57
ans. qui avast travaillA en Europe
contra lea tlkrainle.ns at pour le
compte du K. G. P.. pendant pros
de dix ens. Sa mission, pour les
Soviets, eonsiataft A, a'4nfi1trea'.
dance :e groupement ukrainien emi-'
gre a.ppele O.U.R.F. (Organisation
de travailleurs ukraAnlens en Fran-
ce) et A les trahir.
Qu'est-il devenu ?
Il mena sa tAche avec succos on
se randant tr c's utile aux diri-
geants at aux membres de l'O.U.
j R.F., A Paris, Munich at d'autres'
villas. Toujours efficace, toujoursI
avenant, Bidnyk etait 1'homme A
tout faire exemplaire de 1'O.U.
R.F.: ii visitait les camps de jeu-1
nesse, 11 pilotait les personna li- j
tAs, iI accueillatt Les visiteurs, Le
prix de sa trahison :vi rapporta?iit
16.500 FB par moss, somme qui lui
1 etatt regullAre-ment versAe par ses
1 maitres du Kremlin.
L'arrestation de Bidnyk par les'
autorftes francalses aura-t-ellei
des suites judiciaires ? Ou bien'
l'intAressA fera-t-il seulement 1'ob-I
jet dune mesure d'expulsion ? Les
empvoyeurs soviAtiques de Bidnyk
residant en France, doivent se po-
lser anxieusement In question. Est-I
!co coincidence, les nationalistes
ukriintens en France out remar-
1quA qua. depuis l'arrestation de
Bidnyk, on ne voyait plus Alexan-
: dre Davidov. second secretaire do
In delegation russe ail-prAs db
l'Unesco A Paris I Davidov etait,
been connu des emigres de Paris, 1
at son absence lea incite A conclu-I
Ire qu'il est mole A 1'affaire Bidnyk.]
L'installcation
du Shape, a Casteau
En plus de leurs efforts de pe-
netration dins lea organisational
d'emigres anti?soviettques, les Per-
vices secrets de, l'U.R.S.S. organi-'
sent at contrOient der grcmnes d'A-
migres pro-Sovietiques.. Plusieurs
emigres d'origine russe out ebte-
nu la nc.tonalltA du pays dons le-
quel 1 s-vivent actiiellement. mass,
aux ?yeux des Soviets. tis sont tou-
jours citoyens do i'U.R.S.S.
Une forte pression est exercAe
our eux afin qu'iis s'inscrivent au
consulat soviotique pour obtanirl
tin passeport national de rAfu2ies,
vivant A I stranger at qu'ils rendent
certains services, parmi lesquels
it fnut tnc'ure 1'espionnage.
En Belgique, l'Union des 'ovens sovtetiques a. des sections
daps les principales villas du pays.)
RAcemment at aprAs s'etre vu'
renroeher leer incapacitA A s'infil-I
trer darns les milieux beiges in-
fiuents, des dirigeants de ]'Union
I
! des citoyens soviAtiqu es out requ
i un appal pressant et solennel A
leer patriotisme. appal quo a ate-
motive par ]'implantation dui
Shape A Casteau ou c Pon prep.n-j
re lea plans do l'agreesion contre!
M.R.S.S. >. lour a-t-on affirm- i
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
Le rent placement
ii In K. G.. B.
En plus de yes activites d'ee-
plonnage menmce.^, sur le plan mor?
dial. le K.G.B. est. dgalement res.
ponesnbii% de In pr?ntectton cle ar?s
agents at de ceu du G. R. U. (es-
pionnege. mi,itat-re) contre les ser-
vices du contre-esplonn:age adver-
se. c'est-a.-dire celud des pays die
monde Iihre.
Les recants echecs subis tent
par le G.R.U. que par le K.G.B..
sans toutefois nvoir anndhile I'ef-'
fort colossal mene par 1?es So-
viets dens ce domalne, montrenl.'
que cette derniere organisation Ft
sous-estime ley services de secu??
rite europeans at n'a pu fefre fa-
ce, n.vec efficacite, A see respon-
sabilites.
Selon un communique de 1'agen-
ce Tnss, du 19 rnai. Vladimir Se-
mitchastni a et@ recemment rem-
place A la tote du K.G.B. (pregi-
dance du comitC de la securlte de
i'Etat) par Yurl Andropov.
Parmi les qua.:dficetions person-
nel es qu?l out fadt d'And-ropov In
nouveau chef du K.G.B., ont dolt
noter qu'il etait amhn5sadeur. on
Ronari-e, de 1954 A I957. at qu'i1 y
a pris part a la repression de la.
revolte hongrolse.
Andropov ne rnera;ero-a certal-
nement pas ee et'f a, to pour evi-
ter as erreure commises par son
predece.seeur, e.Pt prouver I effica-
eite de i'espionnege sovietique et
sans doute s'pfforcc'ra-t-ii de per
fectionner son dispositif offensif
et de parfaire see methodes defen-
sives notamrnent dens notre pays.
que sa situation au creur de l'Eu
rope at as que:ite de si,%e de
1'O.T.A.N., pioceront en bon ordrei
sur in liste de SOS objectify.
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FOR BACKGROUND USE ONLY December 1967
Che Guevara Proves Latin America Rejects Castroism
Guerrillas in Bolivia
On 9 October 1967 Ernesto Che Guevara, guerrilla leader and chief
proponent of Fidel Castro's doctrine of armed revolution, was ignomini-
ously shot to death by Bolivian army forces in the mountainous area of
southeastern Bolivia. His death may mark a turning point in the tide of
Castro's insurgency program in Latin America, for it seems to demonstrate
that imported revolution in Latin America lacks essential popular sup-
port. Guevara's lack of local support in Bolivia contrasts sharply with
Castro's situation in Cuba during his Sierra Maestra campaign, when he
received help from both the middle class and the wealthy landowners --
in the form of arms, food, transportation, safehavens, and, above all,
vital intelligence on the movements and condition of Batista's army.
Guevara had none of this kind of assistance -- the upper classes wanted
no part of him and the peasants were at best apathetic and, in many
cases, reported his movements to the army. In fact, Guevara and his
band existed in almost total isolation from the few scattered peasants
who were his neighbors in the rugged, mountainous terrain he chose as
his base of operations. These illiterate rural people had little in
common -- either intellectually or emotionally -- with the band of adven-
turers from the outside, and little feeling for the cause they repre-
sented. They were, as Guevara stated in his diary, "as impenetrable as
stone." Other significant factors contributing to Guevara's downfall
were the swift improvement of the Bolivian counter-guerrilla forces
and the.guerrilla band's remote location from their Cuban base of sup-
plies. After Guevara's death, Government units soon mopped up the
remainder of the poorly equipped band, except for a handful who, short
on food and ammunition, have been rendered ineffective.
Guerrillas Elsewhere in Latin America
Castro's "lucha armada" has fared no better in other Latin American
countries. In Venezuela, after the brutal kidnap-slaying in March 1967
of Dr. Julio Iribarren Borges, brother of the Foreign Minister, by the
underground branch of the Cuban-supported Venezuelan Armed Forces of
National Liberation (FALN), authorities intensified their drive against
the insurgency, killing or capturing more than a dozen terrorists includ-
ing a number of high-ranking Cuban Army officers. In Colombia the army
and police have to contend with two separate guerrilla movements, the
Castro-supported Army of National Liberation (ELN) and the Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Both groups have been driven from their
home bases into the jungle and have been relatively quiescent for the
past six months. In Peru three Castro-backed guerrilla bands were
knocked out of action by efficient Peruvian security forces within seven
months of their first foray two years ago and have not been able to
reorganize since. Two rival insurgency groups in Guatemala, the Cuban-
backed Rebel Armed Forces (FAR) and the orthodox Communist Party (PGT)
forces, have suffered severe losses since the government's intensified
counterinsurgency campaign began in late 1966. And in Nicaragua., since
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last August, the National Guard has inflicted heavy blows on the guer-
rilla arm of the local pro-Castro Sandinist National Liberation Front
(FSLN). Nicaraguan guerrillas, like those in Bolivia, have not received
sufficient support from the populace tb be able to act effectively.
Latin American Communist Reactions to Guevara's Death
Until Fidel Castro officially acknowledged Guevara's death on
radio and television on the night of 15 October with a great show of
emotion and expression of sadness, thereby setting the pace for later
Communist press eulogies, the leftist press in Latin America confined
its coverage of the guerrilla leader to speculation on whether or not
he was actually dead. After Castro's speech, however, the leftist press
loosed a flood of articles praising Guevara as a hero of the revolution
who died a martyr's death. Even many of the non-Communist Latin Ameri-
can newspapers echoed his praise as a "man of conviction who practiced
what he preached." Privately, however, comments of Moscow-oriented
Latin American Communists ranged from calling Guevara's death the con-
clusion of a series of errors on the part of the Cuban leader to out-
right attacks on Castro's theory of armed revolution -- usually implying
that the fiasco in Bolivia would never have occurred under orthodox Com-
munist leadership. In mid-October the editor of the left-leaning Peruvian
newspaper Expreso summed up the view held by most orthodox Latin American
Communists:
Guevara's death proves the Moscow thesis that guerrilla-led
revolutions will not succeed in Latin America. The reason
for their failure is simple: Castroites believe rather naively
that the conditions of Batista's Cuba will carry over to
South America, but the conditions are not remotely similar.
In this regard, it is paradoxical that the Castroite ideolo-
gist Debray should harshly criticize the traditional Communist
parties for exporting foreign experiments to Latin America
when he and Guevara made the same error --' trying to apply the
Cuban experience on the Andean countries.
Latin American Communist Attacks on Castro and Debray
Expreso's sweeping criticism of all three revolutionary leaders in
one article is rare. However, strong Communist; attacks against their
concepts of revolution began after the publication in Havana in early
1967 of Debray's controversial pamphlet entitled "Revolution Within the
Revolution? which raised a storm of protests from the Moscow-oriented
Latin American parties. Its concept that revolution can be exported
and that armed action can be taken 'without the necessary conditions
existing first and without the leadership of the Communist Party, belied
everything that the Latin American parties stood for, and they were
quick to publish their rebuttals. In July 1967 the Communist Party of
Argentina (PCA) published a 39-page document ("There Can Be No 'Revolu-
tion Within The Revolution'') by Rodolfo Ghioldi, the "military expert"
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The revolutionary current which emerges on a "petit bourgeois"
basis usually underrates the proletariat and the Communist
parties, is more disposed toward nationalism, adventurism
and terrorism, and sometimes permits anti-Communist and anti-
Soviet attitudes.
The Soviet endorsement of Corvalan's article is in line with the
stress they place on the question of proper timing in revolutionary
strategy in Latin America. The Soviets are not against Castro's theories
per se, but believe that the forces of the revolutionary left are
generally too weak in Latin America at this time to make armed revolu-
tion against the established governments practical. Consequently the
strategy of the Moscow-oriented Communist parties is to build up their
strength and influence against the day when seizure of power will be
feasible. Their general feeling is that Castroism -- especially because
of its sucession of failures in Latin America -- has damaged the cause
of Communism by making even the more permissive governments wary of the
Communist threat -- resulting in the development of more restrictive
measures against Communism (anti-Communist laws in Brazil, for example)
and the buildup of anti-Communist military forces. The Soviets are
particularly embarrassed by Castro's activities at this time when they
are emphasizing "peaceful coexistence" in an effort to build up confi-
dence among the Latin American countries with whom they wish to estab-
lish trade and cultural exchanges. It should be borne in mind, however,
that the Soviets are willing to put up with a great deal of embarrass-
ment from Castro in order to retain Cuba -- as evidenced by the continued
flow of their large-scale military and economic assistance to that
country.
Annoyed by Castro's latest "adventure" in Bolivia, but not wishing
an open break with him, the Soviets have "saved face" by encouraging a
series
~~of mildly critical press articles against "petit bourgeois adven-
turism without actually naming either Castro or Guevara as targets. On
25 October Pravda carried an article by Rudolfo Ghioldi, secretary of
the outlawed Argentine Communist Party, which states, in part:
Maoism and related currents advertise extreme adventurism,
adapting the "offensive theory" to any situation regardless of
the presence of objective and subjective conditions. They pro-
pose that a revolution can be initiated from the outside and
artificially stimulated across the borders, considering the
nature of revolution isolated from the process of class struggle
in the countries involved.... The most violent criticism is
directed against the Soviet Union which is planning and
actually carrying out the building of communism. ...Petit-
bourgeois nationalists are also stubbornly insisting it is
necessary for Latin American countries to proceed directly to
socialist revolution, spurning the preliminary stages of
agrarian, anti-imperialist and democratic revolutions. In the
narrow aspiration to prove the "weakness" of invincible
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of the PCA, attacking Debray's thesis by a.seerting that it is the working
class led by the Communist Party which, having gained the support of
the peasants and students, will bring about revolution by force of arms
or by other means. Thus the Party defends its policy of the via Pacifica,
or peaceful way to power, and insists on the primacy of the established
Communist Party and the urban proletariat in the revolutionary process.
In September 1967 the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) joined the
offensive against Castroism by attacking Debray in an article by Simao
Bonjardim entitled "The Revolution and the Revolution of Regis Debray"
(Voz Operaria, Issue No. XXXI). The PCB article introduces some new
elements into its rebuttal of Debray's concepts. It denigrates Castro
as a product of the Cuban revolution rather than its guiding spirit and
points out that his success there was owing in no small measure to the
help he got, directly and indirectly, from the United States -- affording
a favorable climate for revolution which does not exist in Latin America,
now that Washington is alerted and is supporting anti-guerrilla forces.
Bonjardim further belittles Castro's armed struggle in Cuba by attempt-
ing to prove that the success of the revolution in that country derived,
not from the force of arms, but from the concentrated pressure of the
great masses of the Cuban people -- with external support from the world
socialist camp. Since Debray's book is widely regarded as an expression
of Castro's thinking, these sharp attacks on Debray may be viewed as
attacks on Castro himself.
Soviet Reactions to Guevara's Death and to Castro
Although Guevara received some mild eulogies in the Soviet press
at the time of his death, there were no commendations "for a dead hero"
at Soviet ceremonies marking the 50th anniversary of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet press was also significantly quiet on the subject. The Soviets
are obviously annoyed with Castro these days and they undoubtedly view
the Guevara affair as a setback to their ambitions in Latin America --
not because he attempted to foment a guerrilla war, but 'because he failed.
However, the Soviets are willing to endure the personal faults of the
Cuban leaders in favor of the greater prize --- retention of their Commu-
nist outpost in the Caribbean. Instead of showing their annoyance by
publicly attacking Castro, they have resorted to their favorite tactic
of using others to voice their views for them. On the eve of the :recent
LASO meeting, for example, Pravda (30 July 1967) published a long dis-
cussion of revolution in Latin America, written by the Secretary General
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh), Luis
Corvalan. Although the piece was entitled "The Alliance of Revolutionary
Anti-Imperialist Forces in Latin America" and in its original form (dis-
tributed in Chile) was a skillful blend of favorable and. unfavorable
comments on Castro and Cuba, it set the pace for later, sharper, Moscow-
inspired criticisms of Castro, which appeared after the LASO meeting and
again after Guevara's death. In his piece Corvalan uses the favorite
Soviet term for supporters of Castro's brand of revolution -- "petit
bourgeoisie:"
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Marxist-Leninist positions they are attempting nothing other
than to repudiate the basic proposition of the unity of the
world socialist system, of the proletarian movement in capi-
talist countries and of the national liberation movement in
dependent countries.
After the death of Guevara, Luis Corvalan resumed his role of spokesman
for Latin American Communist orthodoxy. In a Pravda article of 27 October
1967, he writes:
From 1918 to 1922 the Communist parties of Argentina, Brazil,
Mexico,. Uruguay and Chile were created... In all seriousness
it can be said that these parties are the offspring of their
own peoples and the result of the social development of their
corresponding countries... In several circles of Latin America
one usually speaks of these parties as traditional, orthodox
and moderate. And this is only because they are true to the
principles of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism,
true to an actually traditional friendship with Lenin's party,
and they long ago rejected the phraseology of revolutionary-
ism. These parties incite the hatred of enemies and give
rise to great fear among them. Namely these parties in any
situation form the most reliable detachment of the revolutionary
movement on the continent.
The above passages are typical Soviet reactions to Castro's extrem-
ism -- mild rebukes through the medium of a third party without ever
referring to Castro by name. Well aware that the Soviets are prepared
to endure much embarrassment from him, Castro sometimes pushes them to
the limit -- as he did on the recent occasion of the Kremlin ceremonies
marking the 50th anniversary of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Government
had expected Cuba to be represented by President Osvaldo Dorticos;
instead, Castro sent low-ranking Minister of Health Jose Ramon Machado,
accompanied by a provincial party secretary. The Soviets reacted by
refusing to ask Machado to speak at the ceremonies on 3 and 4 November
-- although he was the only representative of a major Communist party
(except those of China and Albania, which boycotted the festivities)
who did not take the rostrum. On the other hand, the speakers included
delegates from the Chilean and Uruguayan Communist parties, both out-
spoken in their criticism of Castro's revolutionary concepts.
In this manner the Soviets continue their triple-game -- criti-
cizing Castro to mollify the orthodox Communist parties, supporting
revolution in Latin America by supplying Castro with arms, equipment and
money, and finally attempting to establish economic and cultural agree-
ments with the very Latin American states they are at the same time try-
ing to subvert!
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French Marxist Regis Debra
On 17 November a Bolivian military court sentenced Regis Debray,
author of "Revolution Within the Revolution?" to 30 years in prision the maximum penalty in Bolivia -- for his part; in the guerrilla movement
led by Che Guevara. Excerpts from Guevara's diary were used by the
military prosecutor to help convict Debray of complicity in murder, sub-
version, robbery and other crimes arising from his. association with
Guevara. There is a certain irony in the exposure of Debra;y by the
dead man's diary, since it was actually Debray, at the time of his
arrest last April, who gave the authorities their first clue that Guevara
was alive and operating in Bolivia. This knowledge encouraged them to
intensify the campaign against the the guerrillas that ultimately led to
Guevara's death.
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STAT
Next 6 Page(s) In Document Denied
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'12 October 1967
enea :. eta effOrts t~iau1K..
By Romulo Betancourt r 6 "', C
C
died in Bolivia fighting for what he believed to. bel the righteous. cause of
i
Chi G
t
evera
revolution in Latin America-pursuing the doctrine preached so persistently by Dr. Fidel
Castro, the Cuban Prime Minister. In this article the former, President of Venezuela'
describes how his country has been the chief target of.the Havana-based attempt to set
Organization of American States have ~VEA1'U1~{J +iv++ OUNDoa~ beginning as a costly fiasco,.has started
agreed to put before the United Nations 'the, Venezuelan Communist_t sue- to show results " (U,S, News and World
the question of Cuba's aggression ceeded in stirring up riots in 1962. These Report, June 13, 1966). " Venezuela is,
towards other Latin American countries. were put down by state security forces at the first country in Latin America to
The decision was unanimous, and a the cost of many lives. In 1963 police save increased the quantity of food per
joint declaration, passed earlier With took possession of a large stock of head" (Dept. of Agriculture of the
some abstentions, condemned the Castro modern war-weapons. weighing over: U.S.A. The Western IIemisphcrs Ayr1
regime for having on various occasions four tons, unloaded by Cuban agents off cultrtral sit urtlon).
infiltrated men of the Cuban Army and the Venezuelan coasts, and intended for In 1957 the last year of the dictaiur*
st year
la
weapons from their arsenals into- the Cnmmunistt. The ordnance works ,
there were .200
Jinidnez,
of Pdrez
Venezuela in order to stir up rural'skir from which the Cuban Go%erninent had ship
machine-guns and syndicates (trade unions). gperating ;
rt
r
th
b
h
'
ese mo
a
s,
t
oug
Tho
mishes and acts of terrorism.
countries of the west were exhorted to' Nato-type rifles, testified that -the serial there are now 500. The gross territorial.
cooperate in a' commercial boycott of numbers on the weapons (allied with product has increased in the past decade
'Cuba. equipment delivered to Castro.by 10,000m. bolivares. The national
tends to be distributed less,
income
Inevitably these agreements aroused Arms are not the only things' exported
-
unjustly, because of collective agree
Latin America from the. Havana
o the rage b is Fidel Castro. and to centre of subversion. Money has also ments favourable to the workers, and the
denounced of Otit the meeting vispeeches of Foreig gn been given to promote and feed incur- higher investment of the State in social
security.
Ministers as " an absurd assembly of! rections in amounts put at seven figures Frustrated in their' peasant atterrilla
delinquents and bandits ". Facts are by Fidel Castro himself. What has warfare, Castro agents in Venezuela have
s been a very small Venezuelan
blowin
' alwa
di
g
y
c
devoted themselves to spora
more convincing than insults, and facts
are all that are necessary in the way of a Communist Party is now divided into up of oil pipelines and to terrorist crimes
reply to the Cuban Prime Minister.: two wings: the pro-Castro and the anti- and attacks in the cities-vicious crimes
It was the Venezuelan Government, Castro. And at the closing session of in which the Cuban leaders have not bid:
first under my own Presidency and' now' the First Congress of Latin American: den, but proclaimed their culpability. The
under that of Dr. Radl Leoni, which'' Solidarity (O.L.A.S.) on August 27,. kidnapping, torture and assassination
prompted the meetings of the O.A.S..on Castro launched upon the latter a cornu-:1 of Julio Iribarren Borges, a person of no
Cuba and which has on both occasions copia of insults and accusations. political activity, brother of the present'
put the Cuban regime in the dock. This' He said of his Venezuelan: ex-com-' Chancellor of Venezuela and formerly.
has been because Venezuela has been rades, the former faithful executors of. 'my Ambassador in London, was des-'
cribed by the official organ of Castro's
: 11 One da
ti
n
t
d
d i
i
d
y,.,.
o
ns
ruc
s
ers an
s or
h
yi the favourite target of continuous an
systematic aggression by Castro's Gov perhaps, the Venezuelan people will re-; , Government, Gramma as "an act of
an account from them for the mil- revolutionary justice ".
ver
uire
s
d
g
.
uce
o
ernmcnt. My, country pro
three and a half million barrels of oil a lions collected by them all over, the ? , Francisco Prada, head of the dole-
lier of iron world in the name of the guerrilla moves gction of Venezuelan terrorists,
t s
t
i
upp
an
mpor
; day and is an
and steel to the western world. The con- ment. .. ' Some day, perhaps the' Vene- declared to' the assembly of O.L.A.S.
trol by Castro-Communism of a key.' zuelan people will require an account. that a high-powered grenade thrown
country not only for America but also' from these swindlers." at " La Casona ", the residence of the
"was an action;
il
f
i
'
y,
am
s
den't
'for the west as a whole because of its ,These dispatches of funds.' weapons pres
rials is the . P carried not by an urban command':. ?
t
ma
e
objective wnien nay not `Gower M brought Castro and his agents no divi?; ??-?? -_. _
but proclaimed by the Cuban Govern- ,dends from Venezuela. The so-called police, members of the State security
ment, "partisans" have been small groups forces and ordinary citizens was reported
They aspire to kill two birds with one 'dispersed in the mountains of a huge to be very high. Such an insensate, in-
stone, i.e., to weaken the non-Communist country of over one million square kilo discriminate forni.of killing recalls tba;
world and amply to recoup the losses metres. constantly fleeing from security'' terrorist nihilism of' the last century,
resulting from their own disastrous 'forces, with the militant whelp of the so vividly described by Roman Gary in
economic policy by the domination of a ;country people. The fact' is that in his novel Lady'L.
country rich in minerals. Bias Roca, Venezuela ' a popular rising is This evidence of the almost patho-
ono of Castro's chief lieutenants, has 'Impossible,. because the ' democratic' lo,;ical obsession of the Cuban regime.
made no secret of the objectives of his. governments, from 1959 to date have against' the peace and life of the
'' team " with respect to Venezuela. He carried out a real peace revolution. ? Venezuelans explains the reason for a
proclaimed them in a loud voice during` The school population has doubled rancour existing in, my country which.
an address in Havana on January 24, (The Tinier. June Is. 1965) and 135,000 nobody attempts to bide against Castro
1963. He said: "When the people of farming families are working their own and his underlings. But also they cane;
Venezuela achieve victory and obtain full land through agrarian reform. "Vene ' not understand the lack of cooperation
indeppendence frpm impcriallsm, then the zuela is the only country in' South of European countries and Japan on the
whole of America will burn." America where the expansion of agri-' sanctions agreed by . the American
nations: the commercial boycott against
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It system which has no respect for the negotiated by Mr. \Vilaon and obtained
rights of people, and violates the prin- from the United Nations at the begin.
eiple of, civilized coexistence.. ping of 1967 against Rhodesia: the trade
Venezuelans and other Latin Ameri- boycott.
cans; cannot understand why five Mr. Wilson 'did not appear to attach
nations-none of them from the East- great importance to my plan. But what
in 1966 exported S171m. worth of goods was foreseen is inr fact happening,
to Cuba and imported $SSm. frdm Cuba Workers in Veneruelan ports have de-
(the countries are Britain, Spain, eliied to unload over 30 ships from couin;
;Canada, France, and Japan), _ r1 s stili'trading with Cuba. .,.Other
PORTS BOYCOTT
I discussed this problem with Mr,
Harold Wilson in 1964. He was not
Prime Minister then; I explained that
the Venezuelan port workers were not
'prepared to unload ve-scts flying flags
of countries continuing to trade witp
Cuba. They were asking for solidarity
with Venezuela to punish the challeng.
ing international conduct of Cuba by,
applying to it_similar measures to those
.powerful port syndicates in the;United?
States and , Latjr4, America appear to; tie
prepared to, suppgrt: then};;,, It is well
known that Venezuela is one of the most
.important importing countries in Latin
America; that her traders pay promptly
for their imports, because the country
has Solid reserves of hard currency and
her oil is of particular interest for thq
supply . and ' lecurity ~of the West,.'par,
titularly now with the trouble in the
Middle East and North Africa,
BALT1110i
29 October 1967
Guerrilla Principles and Prnrti's
"What Comes after Guevara?
cxrco Cary. than 1110, was not composed of
Now, that Fidel Castro and the peasants or workers but principally
State Department are both agreed of declassed people-revolutionary
that the famous guerrilla leader, adventurers like himself, intellectu-
Ernesto Che Guevara, has indeed als, Bohemians, native Commu-
met his end in Bolivia, the Cuban nists, and so on. Che, then, wept
regime and 'the Latin American into Bolivia to make a revolution
Communists face some hard ques. without the participation of the
tions. The principal one is, "What Bolivian people. Indeed, as he, com-
effect will Che's death, and the plained In his diary, he found. eyen
annihilation of his guerrilla, band his own neighbors to be utterly un-
In Bolivia, have on the future of sympathetic to his cause, "as; An-
the guerrilla and Communist move. penetrable as rocks."
ments in Latin America?
ny un; iz.t. JAMES
it -
0 It Is beginning to grow clear as It is Incredible, moveover; that
the facts continue coming out of Guevara should have selected Poll-
: Bolivia that Guevara was not the via for his revolutionary attempt,
master of guerrilla warfare the since It had already experienced an
world had believed he was.' His agrarian revolution. This was back
death appears to have ended, that In 1952, seven, long years before
myth about him, for in Bolivia he Castro made his agrarian reform
violated just about every rule in'the In Cuba. Guevara should have had
'guerrilla handbook, including his first-hand knowledge of this,' Since
'own as well as Mao Tse-tung's. ? he passed tirouwh Bolivia in 1951,
t 'Contrary to his own teaching, at the very N ginning of his rev'o-
'
Guevara organized In Bolivia, (in lutionary odyssey. 1 ~ - ,
November, 1966, according to, a , Guevara committed many ,viola-
diary he left b
hi
d
e
n
) a guerrillla. tions of guerrilla tenets, but his
band that had absolutely no con. critical error-and Castro's as well,
tact with the masses. It existed in ' for the Cuban leader gave the
almost total isol
ti
a
on even from the
few hundred peasants who were its
neighbors in the remote, rugged
southeastern region where Guevara
based his men. ,
Furthermore, Guevara's band,
which the latest Bolivian Army
accounts place at about 60 men and
certainly never numbered more
"It is not necessary to wait until
all conditions for making revolu.
tion exist; the Insurrection' can
create them."
That is the very essence of Cas-
troism, or Guevaraism. In Bolivia,
the idea was proven utterly errone-
ous, and fatal. Che's " /racaso," in
other words, was ideological and
political as well as military. He
demonstrated conclusively that it
Is Impossible for Havana to mount
a revolution elsewhere in Latin
America, in disregard of local con
ditions, even with the most meticu-
lous preparation and with the best
guerrilla commander available.
The same idea had already: proved fatal in a dozen countries
where the Cuban Communist re-
gime has tried to stir up revolu.
tions since its Inception in 1959, but
that was not generally recognized.
It has been the underlying cause
of the crushing failure of guerrilla
movements in Colombia, Guate-
mala, Peru and Venezuela, most
conspicuously, notwithstanding the;
fact that they enjoyed greater sup-
port there at times than Guevara"s
band ever did in Bolivia. Indeed,'
even as the Bolivian drama was un-
folding, events there obscured the
simultaneous defeat of still another
guerrilla effort; this, in Nicaragua,
where one would have supposed
that a struggle against the un
o
u.
p
p
Bolivian venture his sup port--was I Jar Somoza dynasty would have
political rather than military. That aroused enthusiastic mass support?
was the belief that a revolution can . .
be made in a backward country, Considerable debate has been go.
regardless of conditions there, with Ing on among Latin left-wing ex-
a handful of guerrilla experts tremists for some time over the
spearheading it. As Guevara put it efficacy of the road of armed revo-
at the very beginning of his "Guer. lution under present conditions In -
rilla Warfare": Latin America. That debate was
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generated by the earlier guerrilla Cuba, will get a more respectful
defeats in Colombia, Guatemala hearing from Castro henceforth.
and Venezuela, principally, and has Moscow itself, even while crying
led to many splits. (Splits, that is, crocodile tears over Che, is already
within the guerrilla organizations, saying "I-told-you-so" to Castro,
as well as between extreme Corn and he is being reminded that
munists and "revisionists" of the o Premier Kosygin warned him
myth demolished, it would appear
that disillusionment in his basic
theories, and particularly in the
concept of the guerrilla as the
motive force of revolution, might
logically be expected to spread
throughout the Latin "New Left."
Fidel Castro, in his doleful broad-
cast announcing Guevara's death,
promised that "more Che's" would
arise to take his place. But where It is not impossible that Castro
will they come from?
Luis Most of the will try a twofold policy of support-'
would-be Che's-Luis Turcios, of
f r. Ing insurrections wherever feasible,
f
Guatemala; Carrillo Tortesrres, o
o-
o
while, at the same time, encourag-;
4mbla; Fabricio Ojeda, of Vene- t
ing more peaceful efforts to estab-
, zuela-are dead, or-as in the case
v, Peru's Hugo Blanco-in jail.
Furthermore, whom would the
'ew Che's lead? The most promis-
ing guerrilla movements, in the
a above-named countries, are practi-
cally on their last legs. They have
h' defeats
sustained so many crushing
ventures only a few months back.
.The likelihood seems to be, one
gathers from observers, that Cas,
tro, for a time at least, will pull
in his horns and soft-pedal, or even
discontinue efforts to "export" bis
revolution. At the same time, he'
may well go on making fire-eating
revolutionary speeches.
,
lish communism in other Latin
countries. He may adopt, in short;
what amounts to classic Soviet dec.
trine, but with less emphasis than
Moscow places on the "soft" or,
"peaceful" side. i
It would be foolhardy, however,
to assume that the leopard will
in battle, and in the political arena
"The main Com-
e his spots
han
.
g
c
as well, over recent years that they munist campaign in Latin America
.simply do not have the manpower 'is still ahead of us," warns Gen.
to engage in new campaigns no 1 Robert W. Porter, commander-in-
matter how many more Che s came
into being.
Does this mean that the guerrilla
threat in Latin America is ended?
i Unfortunately, no. As long as con-
ditions are as bad as they are
throughout the continent, and as
long as there are young
extrem- ists still willing to stake their lives
on revolution, the threat will re-
main. In time, the Bolivian wound
will heal, and extremist leaders
such as Castro will try to transform
the " /racaso" Into a "victory"
through tortuous Communist dia-
lectics. Already, a campaign has
started in Cuba to apotheosize Che.
As for Castro, though shocked
by the destruction of Guevara and
chief of the United States Southern
Command based in Panama and
under whom were trained the Boll-
vian Army units who performed so
ably against Guevara.
What Porter's statement seems to
suggest is that a bigger war may
have to be fought once the Latin
American Communists recover
from the Bolivian, defeat and re-
group themselves.
To prepare for that possibility, it
would seem that the American re-
publics must do more than be vigi-
lant, as the recent Washington
meeting of American Foreign Min-
isters stressed. Though called for
the purpose of dealing with Cuban
"aggression," a charge well-docu-
his guerrilla band, he is quite cap- mented by the Venezuelan Govern-
able 'of bouncing back and talking I ment which made it, the foreign
himself into sponsoring a new guer- ministers skirted the issue. Yet
rilla effort somewhere. It can be some way must be found of dis-,
taken as an axiom that, as long as. posing of the real "loco insurrec-.
he governs Cuba, the mischief-mak- fonal" in Latin America, which Is`
Ing capacity of his regime will re- the Castro regime. . I
the Bolivian`
til that is done
b
U
'
een
n
has
main about as great as it
, since he took power. struggle may have to be rcfought
It is quite Possible, however, that again and again.
the voice of ' caution and modera-
tion represented by the Moscow-
lining Communists, in and out of
n4'. Q+.
October 27, 1967
Guevara Legacy
Castroite Rebels in Latin America
Find Troubles Deepening
By NORMAN GALL
CARACAS-The death nt Ernesto "Cho"
Guevara, Latin America's most glamorous
guerrilla warrior, Is but one more step in the
deterioration of the conditions of guerrilla
warfare in the hemisphere.
While Fidel Castro continues to trumpet
armed revolution throughout Latin America,
and in the Negro slums of the U.S. as well,
Communist guerrilla insurgencies formed in
recent years with Castro's aid and Inspiration
are sinking Into deeper and deeper trouble.
These reversals have come swiftly in
Peru. Bolivia (where Guevara was killed),
Colombia and Guatemala. And here In Vene-
zuela, after seven years of terrorism and
guerrilla warfare, the colossal drama of
armed. Communist Insurrection seems to be
entering its final stages. Shrunken, divided
and deeply Infiltrated by government agents,
the insurrectional movement has been stag-
gering through a psychological depression. Its
crippled capacity for action contrasts sharply
to the cyclonic urban terrorism of 1962-63 and
the expanding rural guerrilla activity of three
years ago.
Over the years the Castro Communist Fuer-
zas Armadas de Liberation Nacional (FALN)
has shown amazing resilience in the face of
military and police pressure, and its surviv-
ing-though fragmented-elements are still
capable of spectacular strikes. But these ac.
lions are becoming more and more infrequent
and are being met, increasingly, with crush-
ing blows from the army and police. More-
over, the "orthodox" Venezuelan Communist
Party, once the hard core of the. FALN guer-'
rills, and terrorist organization, is suing for
peace.
`Repugnant Opportunism'
The party's switch, to coexistence tactics
was animated by hopes for profitable alli- ;
antes in next year's presidential election
campaign, and for preserving its trained ca-
dres against suicidal destruction at the hands
of the' police. However, Castro has branded
these tactics "cowardice and repugnant op-
portunlem" while plugging for continuation of
the "armed struggle" under his own banner.
Attacking Moscow-line Communists In
Latin America (and Russian soft-pedaling In
the hemisphere) in probably his most impor-
tant theoretical statement to date, Castro said
in a March 13 speech at the Unfverslty of Ha-
vana:
"Our position toward Communlt parties
will be based on strictly revolutionary princi-
,pies. To the parties ... that take a consis?
tently revolutionary position, we will give
total support. But in any country where those
that call themselves Communists do not know
how to fulfill their (revolutionary) duties, we
will support those who, though not labeled
Communists, behave like true Communists in
action and struggle. This is because all true
revolutionaries, who carry within themselves
revolutionary vocation and spirit, will always
terminate in Marxism I"
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These "revolutionary principles" so far the Venezuelans who have fallen or have On the next morning the police found Sgt,
have not worked out in practice. .
-In Pent: three Castroite guerrilla bands
were knocked out of action in 1965.66-their
,leaders either killed or jailed-within seven
months of executing their first ambush.
-In Guatemala, two rival insurgency
rnovemcnte that had been gaining ground
steadily for four years have been decimated
over the past year by an army campaign of
,rural slaughter in which peasants have been
impressed into right-wing vigilante organiza-
tions (using weapons supplied in the U. S.
military aid program) that have burned vil-
)ages and killed roughly 2,000 persons in the
Guatemalan guerrilla zone.
-In Bolivia, last spring a large guerrilla
training base (disguised as a farm) was acci-
dentally discovered in the jungle along with
evidence indicating the presence of Guevara,
who had not been seen publicly since 1965.
The guerrillas in Bolivia, including some
Cuban army officers, apparently have dis-
'persed after a few clashes with Bolivian army
patrols in which both sides have suffered
heavy losses.
-In Columbia, the army has driven two
separate guerrilla movements from home.
!bases into marginal jungle areas from which
they have not been heard in six months. In
Ecuador, Paraguay and Argentina, entire
guerrilla units have been captured while still
training and before they could execute a sin-
gle attack.
It is quite possible that most of these guer-
rilla movements would have met little politi-
cal or military resistance it Latin American
regular armies had not been backstopped by
nearly $2 billion of U. S. arms donations and
training since 1950. While some of the major
,objectives of the Alliance for Progress have
not been achieved, there has been a steady
liberalizing trend among Latin American gov- student, Luis Vera Bctancourt. The initial
ernments and in some cases a notable im-blast sent "Loco Fabricio" leaping through a
provoment in peasant living standards. But,window and onto the roof of the next house,
most of these one-crop export economies face where he was dropped into the garden below
an uncertain it not plainly bleak future, and by another machine gun burst. Vera Betan-
the tremendous social tensions in the region court, a veteran delegate at world youth con-
rould drive important sectors of the military,
even officers trained in the U. S., into collabo-
rating with future guerrilla movements.
"Fresh outbursts of warfare will arise in
'these and other American countries, as has
,already occurred in Bolivia." Guevara an-
nounced in the last public statement attrib-
uted to him. "Many will die, victims of their
own errors. Others will fall in the difficult
combat that is near. New fighters and now
leaders will emerge in the heat of the revolu-
unary struggle. We must wage a generalized
:ion whose tactical goal will be to draw the
abandoned the FALN insurgency as a hope. Manuel Espinosa Diaz of the Cuban army
less cause. huddled in a penthouse in one of Caracas'
The process of slowdown and destruction' wealthy neighborhoods. He was the guest of a
i
t
l
h
i
s
em
a
c
FALN guerrilla leader, an industr
named Felix Farias Salcedo, an expert in the
fabrication of incendiary bombs. After police
ren Borges, brother of Venezuela's foreign had shot Farias dead in the streetbelow, they
minister and former social security director.afound $45,000 in bank loot inside the pent-
Police attributed the killing to the FALN's;house, along with a large arms cache. Police
"special sabotage command," its main goad-!said Sgt. Espinosa admitted pardcipating in
raising and terrorist group in the Caracas', the bank holdup the day before, but stressed
area, that he did so under duress "because I wmc
According to captured FALN document e, here gas a guerrilla fighter and not a stickup
the gunman was identified as a professional man.
thug named Eleazar "Loco Fabricio" Arian- : Radio Havana waited five dais after the
guieta, who joined the FALN in 1962, The deatbt of the three FALN leader before an
FALN delegate in Havana called the Iribar= nouncing to the world: "The
ren murder an act of "revolutionary justice" `Fatherland must log cally sense
der" of two FALN leaders. But Castro him-vived Co. Guevs.ra's spirit lives ion.
self said a few days later, "Our criterion is
that revolutionaries should avoid procedures
that become an instrument for the enemy:
Killing a man after kidnapping him. We never
did this, whatever our indignation at the
ferocities of the enemy."
And the three principal party leaders who
organized the "armed struggle" and who only
three weeks before escaped from the San Car-
los Military Prison in Caracas condemned the
deed as "playing into the hands of the'coun-
try's most reactionary forces, blocking the re-
cuperation of the people's movement and' de-
pressing it further."
Scrawl on the Tiles
At 2 p.m., "Loco Fabricio" was about to
eat lunch in a small house in a working class
district when the building was blasted by ma.
chine gun fire from political police agents
surrounding it. With him was a former law
gresses, was trapped in the tiled bathroom,
wrecked by gunfire, where he scrawled on the
wall: "I am wounded and helpless." His body
was shown to reporters later. He had written
to his wife a few days before his death.
"Sometimes I think that nothing in the world
is worth the price I have paid. I am sustained
only by the idea that I am fighting for the lib.
erty of my people."
The death of these two men was the cli-
max of swiftly breaking events that started
the previous day when FALN terrorists
robbed a suburban bank of $60
000 withoutin-
,
nkee enemy out of his surroundings, fore-!
to light in places where his living terference. Within three hours, however, pu.
him
,~.~t clash with the actual wsituation. here his Th e lice seized a right-wing' extremist named
"f(T.S. soldier has technical know-how and is Adolfo Meinhardt Lares, a former arms mer-
i. __-as..___ _ .knhow ..._.-,_ chant who had joined the FALN as part of its
Luse. What the enemy essentially lacks is mo-
tivation. His most bitter rivals of today-the
Vietnamese soldiers-possess that to a maxi-
mum degree."
This strategy is being severely tested as
Venezuelan insurgcn,y alive. For this limited' crimes gave weight to the version that a
end, and at great risk, Castro has soot Cuban major labor of infiltration had borne fruit.
guerrilla specialists into Venezuela to replace
lice said Meinhardt began talking profusely
just after his arrest, identifying himself as
"Comandante Milkos," the head of the FALN
Caracas organization. The police's swift ac-
tion in rounding up 820 FALN suspects and
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050002-2
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