THE OIL FIELDS OF THE UKRAINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R007900020001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 20, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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Om NC .
MAY 1949
51.61
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF
CLASSIFICATION SliCRET,'CO'ITROLQUS OFFICIALS ONLY
CENTRAL INTEFEEE ZAWTION
INFORMATION REPORT
The Oil Fields of the Ukraine
trs
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITE() STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT SO
U. S. C.. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER 70 AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO.
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION Of THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED
REPORT
CD NO.,.
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
v. 1951
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
CLASSIFICATION 31 CT 'nOT OFFI CI kLS ONLY
STATE
ARMY
NAVY
NSRB
DISTRIBUTION
AIR
ORR. _Ix
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Nue
? a 0...iirtLJ Vi'iL
TIE olj? VIEL16rJ1yAIWx
( TEE IDENX7T ).
__Ok ClonATAR.
i. ITIVIVCT122#.
I ugaia4
t. Proauctior
Brri_sl-or. 1%11c13 4
2. Skhotinitse ? 5
) enarna
?? Itypna
5. litkov f1ei 6.
b. Secondary .e..x.p.v111.tation methods
10. ,15xv:Lorrttlou trehrs or the estern -jXraine 7
NA.TJJEA.L.QAB_ It.DJ"dTi-Y 9
msz.
1. LashAva .
.! ? Opry
3. Kalush .
? .
?
10
10
4. K0380V
11
5. Mho," (testa tring Aroma
IV. cmiTRA.1. uPAX1rE
11
Geophys1etP1 f;x1? oration of the likviinian
gait?Domes. . ?
.1.
:... barmy 9.7..-es
. 14
2. 3122ny arf; , .. ? ?
?
15
3. Luny !Arria
. .
?
4015
4. Chernisolt 'Irwt:
.16
5. 3.411tey;;00:,, Aral
11:7)
6. other Exploration Areas
17
7. Donets W.OiL
ld
V. 013r:_liD Ab'SEBVET.' rt [AMINE. 19
v1. I'XYIX/Lti' 20
A. WeWrp 4:ri7tizio kr,
21
1. L1.1Lina1 . . . ?
' . 21
3. Car.-tra.1 krin
vii:. 0-,mriaL,kstraimitici viicLusrosu
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TIL 0I: FIELps .r1F opillg&IFA
).
I. INTIAMMOILL
Ukraine, with its population of over etfloo'l-nonnO inhabitants
anl the territory reaching. about 550,0'n square kilometers, is
aeoond only to li.B.Y.13.r. Wong 1;he federal republics of the So-
viet Union. It it ,-,coupie. only li40 of the Soviet territory,
about 1/5 of thee tot711 pcpulntion of the U.S.S.F. is concentrated
in this part of tha Union.
'Lie natural resilources of Ukraine - the main producer of
wheat and other ceraAls of the - include; rich coal mi-
ning district of Donett, irOu ore arer her ranganese ore is
alac mined, of /frivol 106, and the oil-producing region of the
Western Ukraine.
With an average enhaal prodution of over 66,M^fylin tons of
coal and an output of ?yriiIoro tone of pig iron and of 8,500,n00
tons of steels the crude oil production of Ukraine reaches only
some ,;5M,n0r! tons por year,
fyin6 the needs of the country.
therefore, on the Gaucabian oil.
tars fron lotter and Tuapee to
otter porta of l'iouthern -Ukraine.
lii is bei produced, BO far, in Western Ukraine (Drogobych
-Borielav and Stanielavov ,roae), and a well production is also
being obtained at horny
At
is, naturally, far from satis-
Tne Ukrainian economy depends.
whh is being transported by
Nesse., Kherson, kerdianek, and
50X1-HUM
The total orudr pro-
duction ia still very sma,L_ Ar this part of the Soviet Unionuand
according to the pout ear Five Year Flan it should be of
tons in 1950; hneever, rhiS target has been already exseeded in
1949, and no the pre-ear figure (5750(Y0 tone) is expected tn
50X1-HUM
be reached this year.
rhe exploitation of the Ukrainian nil fields is being car-
ried out by t!"es Ukrnefteddhyche organization (Ukrainian mil Pre.-
duction) eith toe head office at Drogobych. The Ukrnefteperera-
botka (Ukrainian nil hefiniUg) groups _a nu&ber of various raft-
ninz and cracking installations situated mainly at Drogohych
The Ukrnefterasvedka (Ukrainian Mil Zxploration) has its centre
at Lvov. The industrial exploitation of Ratural gas reascarees
of the Western Ukraine is controlled by the Ukrneftegas organi-
zation. 1,
w,--/
-
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ut%.0
IA-)
Prior to the itcorporetion of the Western Ukraine into the
U.S.S.R., the Seviete Aid not pceioess any oil fields of indus-
trial importance within the lirits of the Ukr%inian B.S.R.
All the effrts which mere being made by the enviet geologists
in order to find a rich.oilep-oducing area in Ukraine were, so
far, unsuccessful, nee the smell Romny field, which has been
nrouzht lute production in 19411 did not justify earlier expeu-
taeione, ane still given oaly a very email oil production of
purely e lecal intereet.
Ta rerney thiu nnentieefftutory eituatlon, the Soviets had
undertaken inyeetigatione i'or petroleum in tiffarent loealities
of Central Ukraine. Lespite the fact tat, this exploration
work Wfta resumed aince the end of the war in the most promising
oi these areas, no pesitite reaults were, as yet obtained by
the Soviets in7thie part of the ccuntry.
MitanW1410, considerael,,,, efforts are also being made in
view of a farther development of the old oil fields of Western
Ukraine 50X1 -HUM
In spite of an intenw-ve eTkoica1 ant geephysical reseerch
work, which id eeding continued in a number of localities, si-
tuated in Eastern Carpathians (Western Ukraine),eince 1946, no
new discoveries of any inkortance were redo in this region.
The development of tee Nateral gas production was also
continued ny the Soviets in the Western Ukraine.
The actual prod-icing sitnetion in the oil fields of the
eestorn Ukraine shal.i. ee oriefly examined in VMD Chapter II,
(estarn Ukraine)ef tho 1?reaant study, whereas the industrial
utilization of netura gas snail be deacribee in tin Chapter
III( The natural as Indletry).
1111310nola G!.(011047,e
leelogically, the hilly enuntre of the Pastern slues of
Cerrethiens is f)rrei of wenerlevelered sNlthearing Miocene
eeposits. There ferret/ens, generally strike as a very compli-
cated_ wester of folds, umeally stiff and dikleIng at abrupt an-
gles. . The anticlineI uplifts of this tectonic line are sepa-
rated one from another by :narrow synclines, in which *trete
are broken into small and also well-determine4 folds. the last
Ones being frequently interrnpted by uneonformities of the
overthrust or throw type. The above syster of folds is spread
in the area of about 2r.1 to 25 kilometers from the edge of Car-
pathians.
, ONLY
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riET
04% 1444 T44Si 4 4 e 4- *44 -
Sa.
Powerful folding movements, enring from the Carpathiens,
had contributed to a very intensive dislocation of plastic rock'
(clays en& clayey shalee of seltbearing formation)and to the
ereshine of hard, rnoke (senestores), composing their interrup-
tion bads,- what had finally lad to the appeerente of breech's,
which formed the dyapiric keemel of these anticlines.
Such a process produced in the thickness of Tertiary depo-
sits of the kmetern sine's* of Carpethiens a well...expressed nu-
conformity ofdymelric folds, which ire also known in Rumania,
eee.
weere the folding movement tone a more moderate fore.
Welledeveloped Alocene formations - in sore places over
1,/'fl metre thick,- which outcrop to the surfece elong the
river bsz1.7;, preeorinent in thin genlogicel region.. Salt,-
bearing evoke ere composed of proseed maltbenring clays, in
which debris of sendatenfte and gypsums are being encountered.
Above the ealtbeerirg depneite are succeseively found:
1.31obodsky congioneretee (partly ebeent); e. tobrotovsky Serie;
and 3tabnitake eftriee (earmetien stege ef Miocene).
nil oc%.:114Gces, ty, correspond to earmatian (Upper
nocene) horizons in th') 'astern Ukraine, whereas the nnderlyin
"stigecene, Sneone and Mesozeic fornatiens have net as yet been
tested in this region.
II. U3ThRii U004104
Tee eiL fields ef N fifteen Ukraine are eituated in the Sub-
cerpethien reginn, ni-ele in Prnientrch-Bnrislev and Atiplelevov
districts. This is a eery oil niIepreducing region. Crude oi
eredIctien win stertel in Eeitern fennel% (western Ukraine) as
earl" as in the eiille of Vale XIXt:a contury, and the first refi
ning inetelletien W".4 *lilt here in 1853. The industrial ex-
pinit-tien of Bebrke fil tikes of 1819), whereas the Skhodnitte
oil fi31 'a r bree4ht in in 1895 and the Borielav produciA
!tree haa been eiecneered in 180.
A.
Crude oil productien develcped favourably in the Western
Ueraine until 7", when it reached a total of an order of
2,nrron00 tons of cli per year, but it deoreaeed to only eout
1,4n0,1,10^ tons in 1913, Further decline foll,-mad with a totaI
production of 743,00/ tone in 1928, whereas tie yields of the
?
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4, ? UAL)
g,
Carpathian oil field* 4, not exceed )7500fIn tons in 1938. The
gradual exhaustion of exiloited oriaonF, continuet in thie re-
ant, in it OY t?eir efforts to increa3c the dwindling
crude production of nine smnii oia fields of the Drogobyoh and
Stanial;v districts, tte zoTri,te did not, so far, succeed in the
developrent of this area, and the actuAl annual crude produc-
tion of the ieetern Ukraine t;thl reralns at a vary rodost level
of an order of )5,),ron to _yb,n0r, tons.
Nine bi11 fide are now exploited in Western Ukraine, se.
van of whidi are 1,,cated in the ;,rogobych-Bortslev district and
two in the t"Lniclavov :17..rict,. These are: 1. islj
2. kgionitsai ). Tustanuvitse; 4. graznitza; 5. VolimAkft:
6. _hvaissmi 7. ibarnx; niut 1. Alitkov; !Ina 9. Byrne, respective-
ly. AitoToter 2140,( producing wells had been drilled in this
oil region by the and of 1940.
1. iaorlslay
To this f,T.rour belong four sralI exploited rigida, namely:
1. -iorislev; 2. Tustano1; yiragnitEal f.nd 4. liallassl?
At Borislev, rihich is the larlest oil producing tre9.11, of the Wes..
tern Ukraine, and is located at a distance of 15 kiloretsrs in
the South-liestern direction of the torn of Drozobych (see the
Map of the ell Fields heretri attached), 015 producing wells were
under e7rpllitation late in 1940. The total Yields of these
fields varied frog 1,1,w to 20,000 tons of oil per month in
1940. During the sere :feat' tsenty.four new wells had been com-
pleted and gave snail intiue;rial production.
Gonsideralple numbersof terlorarily suspended wells were
broue;ht back into production in 1940 and about 2r, new exploita-
tion wells were being drilled in 1941 in this areat leverthe-
less tO-le production 'mote for 1940 was not fulfilled ir the oil
fie14e of the western ukrai4.4 This unsatisfactory ei-
tu,tion was rein17 'We to the lack of modern techniOnl olluip?
ment end to a very slow Tro4ress of drillinl operations5 which
can be partly explained by the fact that churn drilling was still
errlied on a large scale in thia region.
During the years of war the crude production wns almost
entirely suspended, and the reconstruction work was undertaken.
In this re4ion since 1946. Ry the end of 1947 the normal ex-
ploitation of the BorielaV oil fields was resured and their
yields began to inorenes.
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_ urilL
Vier
Rotary drilling rethcA rellaced that of churn drilling,
-which had been predeminent eta-liar in ttie area. Turbine dril-
ling is also being grsduAlly introduced into the nil fields of
Western Ukraine. kroduction methods are, generally, being dew..
ped in accordance of modern teuhnilue, and technicl equipment,
is being suplaied now Wy the s,,Amialimed 5oviet oil radhirbry
The E.,verage depth of producing wells does not exceed in
the Worisiav fields acme i,"!evi meters; but teat drilling is con-
tinued to deeper lying Series? -(Tortonian stage of Miocene).
Test wells are beim drilled to a depth of 1,!'^^ to 20'111" reters
at
2. SkhhdAitee field,
The Skhodnitza oil field, which has been discovered in le95
and for a _aurber nf year remained the leading oil producing
area in the Lantern Cerpathians, is located at a distance of
17 kilometre to the Smuth.kast of the town of borisley.
Ae the eest pert or the 011 fields of this region, Bkhod-
nitze is being grealTy '-hunted ; and at the present time the
3oviets are rekire; efforts in order to find new eilbearing ho-
rizons in the deposits underlying the exploited thickness,
Deep drilling operetinue were undertaken at Skhednitza since
1947, but to nnw discoveriee of any importlnce were, as yet, re.
rorted from thin Are,I. Tha average depth of producinG wells
ia under lonnr" meters. To remedy 40. the decIine of yields,
secondary methods of expl,:sitation are being applied in this
field.
3. Cherna field.
This field is lying in 45 kilometers to the West of thh
town of Beriolav. At Charlie, as well as in other small oil
fields of the Weetern Ukraine, the crude production was limited
to e few thousmnd tons per month. Test drilling was carried
irlt in this leoalite in 1917, when industrial Quantities of oil
were obtained from a smell depth. A few welIe, Which have been
conrlete4 in the vicinity of the old wells Wes 35 and 39, inv.
an ',load of up to 50 tons of nil per well &nl per &By.
Exploitation drilling in luting continued in the Charsy
and test drilling was started in the area situated at a distance
of in- 15 kilometers in the Worth-Weetern direction of Charny,
where oil seepages are being encountered.
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wit %AM I KUL kir 411, k i
-
RIvne Field.
4. This sr-LU nil fiell is located in the Stanislevov district
at ft distance of about 4Nkilereters in the South-Western di-
rection of =she, tnwn of Starls1:4vov. Inn Tial accumulation
nf nil hem been diecoverel in this area at a depth of VP mo-
ters in 1946, and the new field has boon put on regular pro-
luctinn in 1947. Contnur drilling Wftl continued. at Rypne in
1948. Small (mule troductien is now being obtained in this
arena where dee:" test drilling is Sine being carried out in
a few loyalties adjacent tr hypne.
5. Oitkov fieli.
Bitk07 3130 lying in th- L'itanielavov district Ir' some
25 Aiiometere the SoAtheiAst from Rypne, drilling opera-
tions earn anuortekea einoe 1947 with. the :durpoFe to increase
the depths of producins wells, vOlich horetofore did not exceed
2/3 of their plannel fortmge. The romt part of these wells
are no in ex1,191ted by ielans of deep punps and individual
pumpinL-jacks. The evapriont of exploited walls with mrdern
rechinery resulted in a alirirt improverent of the producing
situation at Fitkov. Secohaery explot%tion methrds, such es
gee injection, for anstnnou, t:.re slso berg applied in this
field.Te4,74 is bein8 enrrieci out in the vicinity
of the aot-lally exIloited area.
6. Zftcontnry }._xkitntion
In order to intonsify t14t ()rude production in old *11
fields of tne Western 'Arsine, which ere being gradually ex-
heusted, the Soviet teehricaita are omiloying secondary erploi-
tation hode on 4coe.Thu.,thc injection of air
was being carrial out in live oil fields of this region during -
the year 1947-1143. It akhodnitza ov.7r 2n0rinn iambic meters
of ail ftre being pumlied daily, what hxnught A small increase of
yielde in tiar.
At liorieav, in MS 4td Whore injectinn and 9 exploita-
tion wore operatit, about :),5111 cubie. raters of air were
being purled daily, with the remit that thn yields of small
urea increteed by 1,137 tone in 1947. In other three fields
the injestion of air gave but insignificant results and bore
rather an experimental eheranter.
Altogether, eboUt 1nOnip,000 cubic meters of air have been
pumped in a number of injection wells spudded in in various
oil fields of the Ukrneft jr. 1947. In addition, about 4mon
6.
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enbiemeters of gne were %lee deiay injeciked in Western Ukraine
during the spare periel.
These modest results ere expleined by the inedequacy in
the eturber of iejectien wells, ehich are soettered over large
AWLS. epecial cenpreeeor etezions were built at 3khedesitse
nid eorialev in 194e,ne1 n further exteneion of tne secondery
eethods of exeleitntion was continued.
A new iretellatien for secendary production was designed
Dv e boviet censtracter, Zekeeree; it IN4-1 experimented with
auccess in the oil fielde if the Weetern Ukreine. The indus-
trial utelieatien of the rew enstelletior in the fields of the
Ukeneit, ne eseil as in tee ether nil regions of the U.S.S.R..
iE expected. Very setiefeetory results were obtained with
this unit in eeo retereves areas nne with vescuouts crude.
foup4or,.tion4.;:re5 r)r. the -4-ester/I Ukrnine.
Ir view of the certinunua erhnustion of the old oil fields
ni the Ukrneft pea the rehire to oetein during the last four
ye,,rs (a94,=-1t,44()) eny considereble incrense of crude produc-
tien ir Cereethiers, eee eeviets, ne;nrently, cenoentratr their
efferts -;t1 t).-n rnornrett tor oia in new 4110KS, lyinZ within the
beet of ealtheerine ferentjeee. (let-legion-1 nnd geoehyeicel
etedy ut deep etructeral tecterice and the ereloration for
nnticliell eolde ef the enrislev ty;e la being carried out
ir n laIrrenr of -Irenn ( en4jee,e1esheeneye4. Menostyreese atreel-
bische etc.).
In addition test triLin to the deeper lying structures
is being continued within the lirita of the oil producing
erefte of eerie-ley, 41e4ednitse end hysnes. es well as in the
mdininAn3 lecalities of #.levitza, Maniava,
end ethers.
Furtheemore, dewy teee *elle (cf an order of esnee to
2,50"es retern) ere under Iril=eing et Dashave4 Elamkj and ells-.
ry_for the eureree of explerine for oil the stretn underlying
the gembenring formmth04 of there areas.' The resenrch work
seers to 'resent n siecifta interest in the znne where salt-
bearing Viocene eieressite are stronely develoeede and where
gas end oil surface eeereges are being encountered. In the
eIininn of the Soviet geologist* the existence af saltbearing
structures - similar to these of Rurania - nay be discovered
within this belt of forrateens.
?7
f ?
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frk f .0 e ? tf_. tt!
-
Finally, test drilling WAS undertaken at Daum and Amax_
in order to istorkame cohheition botwen the oil nneungnces
Qi t.e up;or layer-* and those of th:n deepr striking horizons
in theae arots. At located at A listonce of 12 ki-
-limotere in tr.lo .!?orthcrn direction nf the :Sitkov oil field,
t;te oxistenca of In anticlinol fold wos discovered by weans of
? ophysicu method. Lhie anticline extends niong r,ver six
kilom6ter3 ir thn vollov of- the tarynia river. nil shopre were
rvet im test wells which warft drilisd in tnie nros in 1948. ma
wrt:Pwi-5as wtira tliect rmuri in A eater Roll lrIcated. in ft ravine
afik.cent t 2tIryne.
e 50X1-HUM
:-.tarynia area aneara t e yezy prorising for oil resoarch.
4eo1ogict1 ektiotetion ac-rk nnl tet drilling is being conti-
ru_ea hero since 1%747.
Goo1l3ica1 nod glitot,h,toJo,ti invootigntinns for new oil
tearin structuroo thi .1."41, where Tortonlan layers (Miocene)
ore wail doveloc,od and there folds are, geuraliy, gently frac..
ping, worn .'nlortnkn. A rowerfua arty. gus)%er W.-I3 obtained
from n iri tIed ortopinn loins:its in th- Usersklya_
nr7". This dl_ncovery be of a rertioular inte:rost,
as Tortoninn horizon oont,tin pia gao aceurulfttions at Daeha-
Va ^pnry, eitlintei VI V/4 South of Users-'y.
twi!;listnndin Ihtonsive investigations for pet-
roleum, tho Soviets did nnt mecceed, so far, in discovering
"tho His Jkraininn 11 in earpathiona. Although, deep test
drilli - to depth in a'rul eAses exceeding 2,'f" rIstsni - is
being continual in varioub okaoration arwto of this region.
the rogress tf the 50X1-HUM
resenrcil work MAls heretofore much delayed in view of the lack
of wodorn 1E11:Ling equirmont in *astern Ukraine, where churn
drilling was tilt,' usually erfloyed method until very recently.
However, with the grndlnl substitution of rcitary drilling
practice to that of churn drilling, and the introduction of
turSine drilling, it is nolieved that the search for new oil
areas would pro3roes repro ottisfaotorily in the future, az
the average speed of toot drilling has almoet trebled in 1949
as compared with 1946.
If the exploration for petrol.= did not resat in any
important discoveries sines the and of the war in the Western
Ukraine, the Soviets sere wre successful in the development
of the exploitation of the natural gas resiouross of Carpa-
thians.
d?
go,* g g 14W,
W
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III. Waillaiklill"CA
Great efforts are being made by the Soviets in order to
develop the exploitation of the natural gas reseources of the
country, and thus to remedy the relatively slow increase of
crude oil production in the U.S.S.R. Indeed, the demand of
domestic consumption for various petroleur products pews ruch
ouicker than the output of these products in the home market.
According to the fourth FiveYear-Plan (1946-195?) the produc-
tion of natural gas should reach in the Soviet Union a total of
8,400?oonoomn cubic meters in 1950.
Western Ukraine possesses rich natural gas resSources: the
gas reserves of Eastern Carpathians were estimated in 1940 to
be of an order of 1?,50n,r100,nr10 oubic meters ( in Drogobye, and.
Stanislavov districts). Natural gas is being now produced in
a number of exploited oil fields of the Ukrneft, includtng
or-
slav, where 177 gas wells were operating in 1940;Eitkov? , and
other fields. Before the war about 145,1)n1),nno cubic meters
of gas were produced in Western Ukraine, and the Soviets plan-
ned to obtain up to ,),Ininoo9n4n cubic meters of natural gas In
1940. The Borielav gas contains 20 grawres of gasoline per
cubic meter.
The main gesbearing erene of Eastern Carpathians are the
following: 1; Dashava: 2. !Vary; 3. plush; and 441tEtm
1. 21211,f7IL
At Dashava, situated at a distance of 38 kilometers to the
East of the town of Drogobych, an intensive industrial exploi-
tation of natural gas ressources was started by the Soviets
after the second world war, when they have laid a sal_112t=lint
about 470 kilometers long, for the purpose of supplying the ca-
pital of Ukraine- the city of Ain - with gas fuel. The con-
struction of this pipe-line has been completed in November 1948*
Following the laying of Deshava-Kiev gas pipe-lire, 51 indus-
trial plants of Kiev have teeivequitrect. during 1949 to use na-
tural gas for fuel. In addition, over 7000r0 Kiev flats are
now using natural combustible gas.
the supply of the Kiev industry and municipal
services with natural gas resulted in an economy of 2.000.000
tons of fuel in 1949.
rt:
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
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The exploitttion of the Dashava-Kiev gas pipe-lino also
led to an increase in the number of motor vehicles converted to
run on gas fuel in the Ukraine. Gas filling service stations
were opened in Kiev, hhitonir, Tarnopol and Drogobych. The
serial output of converters was organised in view of further
equipwent of motor vehicles. The services of the municipal
natural gas supply are being extended in the city of ii0T to a
considerable number of houses and flats. The exploitation of
the Dashava-Kiev gas pipe-line resulted also in an important
reduction of the number of freight cars used for the transpor-
tation of the Donets coal to Kiev. The supply of natural som
from the Western Ukraine to a number of other important urban
centres of Ukraine is being planned.
Another gas pine-line? about 65 kilometers long, links
Dashava with the city of Lim where industrial works and facto-
ries use natural combustible gas and a considerable number of
flats and houses are being supplied with gas by the municipal
gas service.
2? 22,AZZA
This easeproducing area is located in 18 kilometers to the
North-East of the town of trogoaycht- the refining centre of the
Western Ukraine,- The natural gas ressouroes of Opary seem to
be not so rich as those of Dashava. A as Dive-line conveys
()rare natural gas to krossiti44, where it is being used for fuel
in local refineries, cracking plants and other industrial entre.
prises. FroEprogollya this gas pipe-line was extended to the
town of Boris, situate' in the middle of the oilproducing
taw
district. The npftry-Drogobych-Borisema gas pipe-line has been
completed in 1940,
3. Naluth area.
Strong gas shows were known since a long time in this area,
which is lying at a distance of 26 kilometers in the Worth-Wes-
tern direction of the district town of Stanislrtvov.
gowever, the industrial exploitation of the natural gee
ressouroes of the Kalush are* still remains in its initial phase.
4.iessov aroaut
In the looality of Kowsov, situated in 56 kilometers to
the West of the town of Chereovitsy, natural gas seepages are
also frequently encountered. Exploration work was organised
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_ _
at Kossov in 1947, in order to establish the industrial impor-
tance of this gasbeartag area, but, so far, no industrial exploi
tation ass started at Kossov.
5. nther GaSkearing,Areack
In addition to the four above described areas, natural gas
shows are being encountered in a number of localities of Wes-
tern Ukraine, where rest:sr:1h for oil and gas is being carried
out since 1946. Thus, for instance, at yserskava and at lebvs,
123: gas indications were discovered during drilling operations.
Potentially, the entire 35n kilometerselong zone, extending in
the North-Eastern slopes of Carpathians along the course of the
Dniestr river, is believed by the Soviet geologists to be gas-
bearing. Naturally, under the Soviet conditions, a long pe-
riod of time would be necessary in order to develop the indus-
trial exploitation of natural gas ressoureee in new areas of
Eastern Carpathians,
IV. CENTRAL MAINZ.
There is hardly any other region of the Soviet Union where
the exploitation of a new oil.produoing area could be organised
more rapidly and more profitably than in Central Ukraine.
Transport conditions are satisfactory; there are large power
stations in the Donets basin and at Dnieprogess; a large part
of the Soviet drilling, lifting and refining equipment is being
manufactured in the Ukrainian metallurgical works ( at mama,
pnienropetrovsk. WakeYeska. 412danov (ex-ilarimpol), eta.); final-
ly there is an adequate supply of skilled labour. nn the other
hand, Ukraine is an important oonsumer of light petroleum pro-
duets in the Soviet Union, namely: benzine, tractor fuel, kero-
sene, as well as of lubricating oils, so that the bulk of the
new production could be easily absorbed by the load l market.
In this way all the transportation problems, which are else-
where the principle obstacle standing in the way of the rapid
development of the Soviet oil unduntry, would not arise at all
in Ukraine.
The Soviet geologists started geophysical and geological
research work in Central Ukraine only in 1935-1936 in order to
explore the oil possibilities of this vast region,
11.
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Geologically, all of the Central Ukraine to the East of
the Dniepr river, i.e., the Southern part of the province of
Chernigov, the province of Poltava, the province of !fumy, the
province of Dniepropetrovek, forms a large belt of Lower Ter-
tiary deposits, whereas it the South-East ( Eastern part of
the Dniepropetrovsk province and the provinces of Stalin? and
Voroshilovgrad) the Lower Tertiary belt is adjoined by a Car-
boniferous basin,- the well known Donets coal basin,- which is
the largest centre of coal production in the meurila
The deeper stratigrephy and the tectonioe of the Lower
Tertiary belt are almost unknown, first because they never
attracted much atention, and secondly because, in view of the
topography of this region, such a study was almost *possible
by means of ordinary geology.
Geophysical exploration of the Ukrai,lian Solt-Domeo.
First geophysical research work in Central Ukraine was
organised in connection with the study of the Western exten-
sion of the Ural-gmba salt-dome region. /t is generally
known that, in the Bela river basin oil accumulations are be-
ing encountered in the flanks of Permian salt-domes, usually
in Cretaceous formations. Previously it was expected 'hat
these salt-domes do not extend farther West than the Ural ri?
ver, but recently a considorable number of salt4dores were
discovefed by means of geophysical methods in the region si-
tuated between the Ural and Volga rivers, and even on the
right ( Western) bank of Volga. It may be assumed that this
region of Permian salt-domes oould extend farther West -
ching into Central Ukraine.
In the light of the foregoing, the dilscovery of sore
gypsum outcrops in the vicinity of the town of Botany (province
of Sumy) acquired a special interest. Later on, While dril-
ling for water, rook-salt was found at a depth of only 6r# me.
tors in the same area. Boon after this (1935) gravimetrical
study was organised in various localities of the Central Uk-
raine. This geophysical research work led to the discovery
of several strongly marked negative anomalies, partioularly in
the districts of hum, Lony. Ernenngra4 and porispol 50X1 -HUM
However, inth5_ OX1 -HUM
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51 FA ' 1 Lff
%Ili IA...V.
4.4
Donets basin, in the region of Carboniferous formations, only
positive anomalies were discovered. In the Ural-lmba region
negative anomalies ueuAlly indicate the presence of 'buried
masses of salt, and, therefore, the Soviet geologists interpret
the negative anomalies in Central Ukraine as also being connec-
ted with salt-domes. If this hypothesis proves to be eorrect,
drilling on a large scale Gould be started in this part of the
Soviet Union.
Up to the present time drilling was carried out in seve-
ral localities, namely: *ow distftet (Provinoe of Suety);
Lubic tlitriet4(prevince of koltaTI); Patrievka (Chernigov
province); to.
1. limn:, area&
Geophysical exploration wor4 whioh was started in this
area in 1935, resulted in the discovery of a large salt-dome
(GoralkilotUkha), looated at a distance of about 15 kilometers
of the town of Bomny. Yiret test well was speAded in in this
area in 1935, and it was located to the ?recital part of the ,
doral uplift. It did not sive, however, any definite results
and was abandoned for technical reasons. Your more wells were
drilled here in 1936, all of which were located on the edges
of the salt oontour, with the purpose to determine the strati-
graphy and teotobie structure of this area. mil Indications
were encountered, In Novetber 1936, in the well No.lelif? When
it entered a horizon of clayey brecoia, Which was the cap rook
lying immediately above the salt. Test drilling was conti-
A. at Ronny in 1937, when test well 10.2, located near the
well 103-11, yielded from a depth of 457 meters/mall quantity
of oil (1,946 kilogrammes); and continued to gime during the
following days about 1.2 ton of crude per day. This crude
has a specific gravity of 0.954 at en.
Geological research work and test drilling operations were
continued in this area and a condiderable number of structures
had been discovered 'between 1938 and 1948 by means of VolglY-
sical methods. Altogether ,52 structures were found in the
vicinity of the town of Romny, and 19 more structures - in
the areas adjoining the Donets basin. More than one hnadred
shallow teat wells had been drilled in the Bonny districts
up to 1948; most part of these wells reached but small depths,
but a small number of them reached formations over 2000 me-
ters deep.
rtL
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Two deep test wells - Nos; 1-R and 2-h- did not enodunte-
r# aiy oil shrece, in spite of the [sot that they have reached
depths of 1007 and 1,408 meters respectively in the Carbonife-
rous deposits. After these negative results, new test wells
were spudded in nearer to the first ehallowI wells, which had
yielded. small quantities of oil earlier.
Several wells which had been completed at Romny daring
1939 and 1940, gave small yields of oil. Insignificant crude
production was thus obtained in the Romny area in 1939. Deep
tent drilling operations were ogntinued to a number of salt-
domes situated in this diwtrict'(Cremennaya, Yusemskaya, etc.)
The average depth of test wells which had been drilled in
this general area in 1!r40 reached "between 1,401) and 1,500 me.
tors. Small quantities of crude were, generally, obtained
from these wells. Thus, test well No.12 gave, for instance,
within first five days an initial yield of &brut 30 tons of
oil. In December 1940 first oil flow was obtained in the
Romny area* when the well MoA14 gave an initial crude produc-
tion of about lrm tons. Five exploitation wells were rut on
regular production at Romny in 1941. Well No .9 elcountered
an oilbearing layer az a depth of 1,153 meters. Small indus-
trial exploitation Was started here in 1940, when a 'pour of
Baku and Grozny teohniciana and skilled workren arrived to
Romny in order to organiae the production in the new field.
Wells Nos. 15 and 13, which were oomileted in this field
in 1940, also gave small yields of oil. These last two wells
are located in the immediate vioinity of Gore Zololnikba (Zola-
tukha mountain).
Interrupted by thc, wiz. in 1941, the development of the
Ronny oileproducing area was resumed since 1946; a systematic
study of geological material obtained by the exploration work
of several structures, which had been discoveret before the
ear in the !Corny dietriot, was started.
Oil occuAlces, generally, coincide with the dislunctive
faults in places where those crevices are being oroesdd by
wells. Thus, for example, oil indications were met in the
test well No.3-R at & depth of 990 meters, whereas a disjon-
oture was found at a d pth of 970 meters; in the well No.13-1
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lisof
?
I
'AL
two oil showings, at depths of 71n and 98n meters were disce-
vered, and two disjonctures were found in the same well at
7nn and 95n meters depth respectively'? Three oil indications
were met - at 6n,N6ein and 700 meters depths, respectively- in
the well No.6-11, and a disjoncture was encountered at a depth
of 585 meters, which unoonfermity paseed alrest parallely and
very near to this well. Nut in the wells Noe. 1-R and 2-R
neither oil shows, nor teotonics faults were liver met.
Further exploration work is bein_; continued in the Romny
area, where small industrial exploitation was resumed since
the end of the war and the completion of the reconstruction
of the destroyed installations. Although the leeay crude
is being produced from Carboniferous deposits, it is believed
that it seems to be of a secondary originy and that oil occue.
'trances originate from collectors formed bylisOvioeafresulting
from tectonic unconformities and, therefore, possibly, this
crude may be of a Devonian origin.
2. AumY area.
In the Sumy district, adjoining that of Ronny, oil stepa,-
gee were discovered in March 1941 in the vicinity of the vil-
lage of Talalayevo. Two shallow test wells ware spudded in
at Talalayevo, but drilling operations had to be suspended
soon in this locality due to the beginning of the war. geo-
physical research work wan resumed here in 1946, and oontour
drilling was also undertoken in order to determine the limits
of the Talalayevo structure, situated in the yaroshevo fold
Test drilling operations were continued in this area, but, no
definite results were as yet obtained at Talalayevo. Test
drilling was also started to the glinsky domal structure, lo-
cated in the same area, and which has been disoovered by means
of geophysical methods in 1946.
3. Lubnv area.
In the Lubny district of the province of Poltava, edja-
oent to that of Sumy, the presence of a salt-dome has been
discovered in the vicinity of the village of peatakv. This
discovery seemed to be of a particular interest, because
this area is one of the very few places in Ukraine, where sur-
face oil seepages have Veen encountered. Indeed, in the
15.
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k
- i
neighbourhood of this village sone limestone outcrops were
discovered, which on examination proved to be covered with
a bituminous substance. After the drilling of a few geolo-
gical holes, deep test drilling was started in the Lubny area
in the vicinity of the maximum point of gravity, which has
teen established by meats of variometric survey. Mowever,
these deep test drilling operations, which were carried telt at
Issachky in 1940 and 1941, Aid not give any definite results
before the war. Xxploration work was resumed in this area
since 1947.
At Beizerovo, a locality situated in the Lubny dietrict,
a domal structure was diecovered by means of geophysics, and
deep test drilling wm, erganized since 1946, but, besides some
small bituminous showings, irs poeitive results were, so far,
obtained.
4. ghersisOT district.
Investigations for petroleum are also being crlirried out
in Chernigev district, where Shallow test drilling was under-
taken in the vicinity of the village of Gaivoron. In a num-
ber OfareSS of this region outcrops of combustible shales
have been observed in ravines and along river 'mike. Appel,
rently, these shales ,tre of Mesozoic age, although a more accu-
rate determination has not yet been made. Analyses of these
shales are being made and the entire rej.on is to undergo a
thorough geologioal examination.
The existence of a large geological structure has been
discovered in 1939 near the village of 2212allIma. where deep
test drilling was started in 1940. In September 1939 tuna
gusher was obtained from the shallow test well 10.6, whleh
was drilled in the immediate vioinity of Dwitriefta. Ten
deep test wells had been under drilling in this area in 1940
and 1941; some bituminous showings were encountered in a few
of these wells, but no definite results were obtained at
Dmitrievka before the war. Research work was resumed in the
ChernigOv region since 1947.
5. Velitoxol vont
Summons natural seepages of combustible gas exist in
the vicinity of the town of Melitopel in the Southern Ukraine
(province of Iherson), located on the main railway line connec-
ting Ukraine with Crimean peninsula. This is a region whe-
re 16,
,
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where Upper Tertiary deposits are strongly developed, but in
all probability the gas Gores from lower lying Mesozoic forma-
tions. Some of these gas *..pages are being utilised for
heating and illuminating purposes in the town of Melitopol, but
this exploitation is still oarried onirlimited scale.
Geophysical and geological exploration work was undertaken
in this area, but no interacting discoveries were as yet made
at Melitopol. Investigations for petroleur are being eonti-
nue(' in this localitv.
IS. Pther_1412ormAimukreas of Vflitral Ukraine.
Geophysical and gonlofitical research work and test drilline
operations were resumed since 1946-1947 in n number of locali-
ties all situated within tho so-called Western half of the
Dniepr Donets geosyncline. Contour drilling of doepalirit
wills* was undertaken for the first time iv this region. rine
of these wells, which was completed in the vicinity of the
town of Putiv1, situated in the northern part of the province
of Slimy, has met at a depth of 942 meters crystallic rooks,
without having crossed any Devonian formations. Another of
these wells has been completed in the Aktrobillk_ area, lying
in the Eastern part of tha province of Kharkov. Some oil
shows were encountered in this well at a depth of 447 meters
and sore gas indications at depth of 379 and 388 meters. Salt
water was obtained in a well, whioh has been drilled near the
railway station Millerrvo (Voroshilovgrad province) at depths
of 260 and 55n Esters, whereas gee showings were found at dep.
the of 270 and. 555 meters in the same well.
Thus, salt water, gas and nil occu#Ices can be conside-
red as a regional phennmenan. All the above-mentioned salt
water-gas-nil indioatione apparently correspond to pre-Carbo-
nifercus, prollably Devonian, formations,
The existence of Anal delsisita in the onets basin, at
,Permuy and at Balseromv(Lulany district), and, consequently,
over the entire territory of the Dniepr-Donets geoeyncline,
as well as that of either direct or indirect oil occurlicicee,
authorizes to formulate the problem of *The Dnieer-fletv A4
and coal basin' 50X1-HUM
17,
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JUAIL.3
as to the oil ocesu-50X1-HUM
cr4nce, three types of armee are being encountered in this
vast region, namely: 1. kaisilfly_ailbeerina; 2. yrobebly
eilbearino;; and 3. Poswibly_nilbemIng.r To the first group
belong the areas where direct oil obou31.6nces were disooeerd;
into the ascend categery are comprised the areas, which are
loceted within the limits of the determined dorsal strcutures;
and, finally, into the category of possible oil areas should
be included all the reweining areas lying within the eontour
line of the productive Middle Carbonifevous thieenesse in the
North, and within the Northern edge of the Donets begirt in
the South* and further to the West following the contour lino
of Lower Carbonifer-us formntiens.
The Northern limit Of the possible oilbearing area is
determined by the deep eent-eir wells, which have been drilled:
to the North of the town cf Starobelsk (proviece of Kharkov)
and in the vicinity of Che town of yutivl (previnoc of Sumy),
where no Levoniam depesik.t were encountered, whereas the Sous.
them n limit of this territory is less definite.
necessity of 50X1-HUM
a complex study of Carboniferous and Deeonfan strata 50X1-HUM
potentially coal and ,71letearing. also reccorend &dee
50X1-HUM
tailed test of these depesits by means of deer wells and deep
mines. Naturally, the investigations of this importer?e
would require a considerable period of tire, and it is toe
early, for the tire teieg, to anticipate as to their possible
results. The very fact, however, of such search for petro-
leum to be undertaken on a large regional scale should be
pointed out as another proif of an intensified esplorntion
work which is being oartied out now by the Soviets in the
Central Ukraine.
7. 2292AEASAM-4
Whereas in Cantrell Ukraine oil possibilities are connec-
ted with Permian salt-doses or with structures of younger
Mesozoic: (Cretaceous) and Tertiary (Miocene) formations, in
ehe Demme basin, whioh all mentioned above is a Carboniferous
basin, oil ?ccur aces were hitherto encountered either a. in
encountered
Middle and Lower Carboniferous deposits, which contain sive-
ral. ? ?
19.
LL, LF
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E
Vki - (if MAL)
Area.
horlsons of porous dolowitic limestones suitable for the socu-
mulation of oil, or in Cambrian foreations, whioh seem to oon-
tain several rather thick sand horisons. At the present time,
geophysical investigations are prooelking in various parts of the
Donetz basin in an etterpt to find favourable structures for
the further exploration work for petroleum, particularly in the
Voroshilovgrad area, where during the drilling of a water well
M6
80 Oil and g.es shows were observed.
u
V. CEUDL ESSIIIVE 1444.-44.
the potential crude 50X1 -HUM
oil reserves of the exibeering areas situated within the linits
of Western Ukraine are still of a oonsiderabla irpertance, and
it is generally believed that with the progress of deep test
drilling the exploitation of these possible reserves may even-
tually change the whole peedneing situation of this region.
The actual orsde reserves situation is aztirated to be es fol-
lows:-
CRU MF nu RWSRVE8 n) ?IKE UKBAIBIAN nu ABEAS.
' Is Metric,Tonel.
?roves. ?er4e1MPIela- ?"01,012.- 0
Central6014Eils
Ukraine.
Bonny, etc. 50?nn0
Western Ukrajdee.
Dor/slay and 650,000 -
Stenislavov areas
.rand Total
Isle' Ukraine:-
-
100,
400, (VV- 2teentenn-
a. 550,00a
1,5nn,n00- lionnnst?An- 110, (,00O 124,150,000
7onennn- 1,6'", 'fl- 22,400,000.. 112y00ornn- 126,7n0,000
It should be printed out, however, that the high figure
of the possible reserver or Western Ukraine seers to be rather
too optimiatio, in view ef the fact that the exhauetion of the
old producind fields of Eastern Carpathians continues for the
last thirty years and, for the time being, no new prolific oil
areas were discovered in this region. The figure of 110 mil-
lion tons of possible reserves oan be oonsidered as far from
being accurate, but ought to be taken as an estimate of pure-
ly potential reserves of Western Ukraine. The hypothesis of
the existence in this arm% of large crude reserve*, made by
the Soviet geologists, with the progress of deep test drilling.
would be, either justified, or oompletely abandoned by then.
,19.
a F
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?
?11.-
BAZIMMALL
wootern
The refining instelletione of the Western Ukraine ere
all situated at Lrogebyoh? where the Soviets have eetablished
the offices of the ukratifIlisernIkaki (Ukrainian nil itifialaj
Altogether, 4) small refining and craoking units were found by
the Soviets at Drogobych in 1999, when they have occupied the
Western Ukraine (formerly belonging tn Poland), nnly 9 of
these units, all grouped now into the Mboveementioned refining
organization, are of some importance; these include the folle-
wing zefineries: a. ex-"iolmin"; ex-"Galicia"; exwbaphta"; and
ex-"Lross"; the largest of these units has an intake capacity
of 510 tonsThe total intake capacity of Western Ukreinien
refining inatleafttions exceeds lennnonnn tons per annum, but
they are now operating At less than one half of their general
cepecity, what is due to the graduel exhaustion of oil fields
in this region.
The average annual refinery runs of the Galician r?rine-
ries (including the orude production of Western (Jalicia, which
remained under the jurisdiction of the Polish Government) were
of an order of 500,nnn tOtoi before the war. The yields of
various petroleum producte mere as follows in 7.9391
Products. MItric TonA
Petrol
Kerosene 141,nrn.
Qas nil
92,nee%
Lubricating Ills - 47,0n.
Paraffin zesonn,
Other Preducts 57,'')n
Since l94n the Sovie s began the re-construction of the
small Lrogobych refineries, a considerable number of which
were very old and possessed an obsolete equipment. After the
end of the war, the modernization of these refining inetella-
tions was oontinust. Several units of aid type were dismant-
led; new units of Soviet design were substituted frofthem.
Small refinerie were regrruped around the largest plants exits..
ting in this area,.
Measures were aloe taken towards the increase of storage
capacity in the fields? construction of local field pipe-linee,
the improvement of the transportation facilities, etc..
*). ver rin7/
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B. Central Ukinu
As regards the Central Ukraine, no refining installation'
were constructed there by the Soviets for the obvious reason
that, do far, no industrdel crude nil production of any
portance is taking plea, in this pert of the country.
Pollowing cracking zlante have been erected, however,
in the ports of the Southern Ukraine by the Soviets. Ibis*
units operate on the Bakh or Groany fuel oil which is being
transported by tankers fro Bat nd Tuepee to gdesnR. Agaz=
Ena and Aerlinnat
UtiAINIAA CBAUXISO 4)LabT8t
n barimigLgggron
Location,. tx21 21 U. Daily 41Is Day_craokinn tili
41ons
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Odessa 1 cracking ',lent
(Soviet desigr) 5,250
&hereon 1 cracking 'Limit
(Soviet dein) 5,25116-
3erdienek 1 cracking pleat,
(Soviet design) 5,250-
Total cracking daily cepaaity: Uble.
1938/46 ).
1938/46.*).
1938/46.
*). Reconstructed after the war.
C. File-Lines.
1, flugy.Tkiesioliana_LLO-Line for fran porttt iont TivrtqL
00%0Y Tue;_144 4,1W100Ael&
The construotior of this pie-line has been eonleted by
the Soviets in 1939 for thf, purpose of purling Of the Grosny
tractor rotor tusa. and kernFene to the Ukrainian and Rostov
districts for drmestio-consumption. At the first stage of
Its construction only the riddle section of this pipe-line wai
laid, namely fror arravir to Trudovaift via Rostov, as& thFre-
fore the tractor fuel use being trensiorted from arosny to
Armsvir by railway. Meru the kerosene was stored and than
pined into the tie-lise to Trudovain, whencP it Was again
trameported by rail. Some of this tractor motor fuel is tram
ported only an far as Rostov and llataisk, where it is deliovls.
red to the local U.T.S. (machinery-treater agricultural stem.
tions), and other eons-irate.
21
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line:
Deice are given a ftwr particulers regarding this pipe-
Annual cenacitv:
Tetel _lengths,
1,54^,,O0 tons.
? q96 kfloreters.
(Geozny-Lissiohenek
Date of completlen:
stetiens at Grower.,
nor pumping stetien
qith 5 IaltAginz
12 inches.
- 1939.
- There are three main pumping
Arravir and Rostov and severel vi-
a. The Arravir station in equipped
i
cennected with Diesel engines of
4no B.F. each. Th a Rostov station has only 2 groups
with the tome purps And nineel engines.
With -Vs eginning nt the operation of this pipe-line
the Soviets have achievei a cenniderable irprevement of the
transport conditions on the North-Caucasivel and Ukraini.im
railway system, which are already overloaded with freight
traffic, such as Boa' of the Donate basin, row materials and
manufactured goods coning frnr a greet number of induetrial
plants existing in this part of the ceuntry.
Over 1,6n0,1no tons of tractor fuel ene kerosene are
supplied now to the agricultural areas of Central Ukraine
and Boatov region ey meana of this pipe-line, what rakes
160,000 tenker--cars available for other destinations every
year.
According to the original scheme, Cie/ Grozny4,isai-
chansk pipe-line should have been extended to the city of
Xharkov (Norteern Ukraine), but this plan Was not, 80 far,
carried out by the Soviets;, that is, probably, this to the
dr,cline of the lrozny cre_de production between 1936 and 19460
With the reconetruction of the oil fields in the Orcany area,
however, followed by a steady increase of their yields. a
further extereion of this pine-line could be anderteker in
ft near future.
VII. WOMEAL Wicap an_EWCLUOIrNaa
The small oil fields of the Western Ukraine (Porielev
and Stakislavov distriets), which are being gradually exhaus-
ted, after a long exploitation - in some 05506 0? over ye
years -, present but ft limited interest. For the time being
there are no indications that, this oil region could be even..
tually developed into an important oil-produoing base for
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the entire Ukreine.
In eeite of censiderable efforts made by the Soviets
in oreer to iiecovee new oil fielde in this pRrt of the
country, they failed t7 do so, and investizatiens for petro-
leum in Western Ukraine did not give any imeortant results.
moderate increaee of crude: oil production may be mepected
in estern Ukreine, (lee to thelfackzzet.e3Lof:_szre,_4____Aea:itet'fl
methods and. erilline, eet to the practice of secondary pro-
duction retholge, such ee gas-lift, air-lift, etc..
As regards the ineeetriel exelcitation or the ppttixal
ges regibrees in Oereethiens it iF being developed satis-
factorily, and tte oonstrnctien of the eeeeeejldtalmjaugNle
vaeKlev led to ft emeeiderehle ecnnery of fuel. In addition
to the Kiev industeiel elents, those of Lvov have also iwin
eluieeed to use naturel as from Lashava, wtereas the Drage-
bych n.1-fink:ries (Tex-Fete on (*eery natural gRa. A further
exteneion of naturei ge8 utiliseticn for industrial purposes
end by the Trunicirel aereinee is under wey in a number of oth
other 7kreinien towns, ouch as Zhitomir, Stanielav, Tarnopel,
etc.. ?
31nce the end of tee second eorld wer expinratier work
wee resumed in Central Ukraine, where earaletgicel and geophre
sicalinvestigationa ere being cerried out in verinun areas,
rely: ponnY, Law, apeu, etareeelek. Velitepol,
eec.. Ur to the present, however, small oil production is
being obtained only in the Romner area, ani no definite re-
sults were as yet echieved in any other district of Central
Ukraine. In a general grey, a very slow progresa of vele.
eical research work in this reginn should be pointed. Out,
what is meirly due trt an insuflticient study of the regioaal
geelney and the comelarity of its tectonic structure.
Exploretier work 13 in continued by the Soviets in
Central Ukraine and in the Donets basin in the light of a
theyry, forrulated by tha 3oviet geoingists, accorlia4 to
which the Dniepr-Donets eeogyncline should, be considered as
"Dnieer-Donets oil-coil basin". This hypotheeis is besed
on the fact that, beeidee the Donets basin, coal depoeits
are also found in the Bneny and Beisserove (Lubny district)
arees, whereas oil shows are being encountered in various
localities of this territory.
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Maturally, the reseerch work at such a large scale would
neceseitace a more or less long Period of time, and, there-
fore, it is too early to make any reasonable forecasts about
its poesibIe reeults.
Ukraine is a great coneumer of various petroleum pro sets
(tractor motor fuel, kerosene, petrol, gee oil, lubrioatini
oils, etc.) Crude produced in the smal-__ fielde of Western
Ukraine is being trested in the iiimalerefi. whiciare
working now lees shnn at oat haef of their intake oftpaoite.
For the mejor part of boor demeeteto oil coasumption, however,
Ukraine is dependent on idaceeeiteno whiCril is ransedrt
by teelara from eavem Ind keenee to 3delaiteeei
diansk, where the l-oal oreckieg plants are opereting on Asti
and etrozay residual iuoi ',tee, or by means of elke4ine GmEar
area?altigi-Arch$. WA'
Wiee the continaeue deeelopront of the Ukreinien indus-
try the problem of oil trfteepereetion is one of it difficul
tine, as the railway network of the countrp is already over-
loaded with the treffic of coal, row raterials and marrefactumm
red goods. To remedy ;his sitaation, efforts are 'sing made
now in eise of an inteneification of transportation by mate-.
ways. i.e cenale are under oenetruction, the river eeds are
being deepened in some aectione of their course; river tanYers
are under censteuotion end nee 4tnrage capacities are being
built in various iheustriet (*entree of Vkraine.
3ummin8 up the preceding brief study of the oil industry
in Ukraine, the following fecte should be emihaeised; 1. indp
production in the Oftrvtthiae oil fie141 ie unlikely to uneere.
go 4 subs;antial medificatien in the immedieto future; moat
probably it mould be mainteined atis actuel level of jeelpfl&M,
to 4n0,ron tons per amen..
Certaialy, the 41Jc:toe-ere of a new oil- reducing area with.-
in the limits of the eeatr).1 Ukraine, where geophysieeI and
genlogicae investigetione for poteeleum are being continued
on rather a lerge scale, woeld have chaeged the whole ell sure'
ply situation. *mover, it is doubtful that, such a new die.
covery mould exercise it Willeme during the few coming
years, as under the doeviet conditions the bringing iete p?ro-
diction of new oilefiello esuelly takes oonaideratle perieds
of time.
c?4.
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An intensified davelonment of the Batmgla mAgistrY
industry in -,,kraine (esibeallm_areas of Dashava, Opary. Ulna
and tosuovIL Carpatnione) should 'be especially emphasized, al
it contributes tc at least a local solution of the fuel prob-
lem in the parts of tie courtry lying fdr sway from the Donets
coal .in, such as tie, and other induetrial centres ol the
riv.t bank of the Dniepr river. The ex/loration for now gas-
bdarind ftreas may leim cn increuse of the known natural gas
r,/sliources or Western Ukraine.
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF
tNFO.
ULA:zwriumiLIIN 01;IA
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
MATION iNEPORT CD NO,
tugoslavia'
Situation in
Yug"161e6fiffik
AL SECURITY FKASO(S
THIS REPORT IS NOT TO BE FM That
50X1-HUM
DATE DISTR, 21 April 1951
the Na OF PAGES 3
TRANSMITTED WITHIN THE UNITED
STATES, OR ILC LD ThE BoriDEFs
OF THE UNITED S'iNTES, WITHOUT
THE EXPRESS PELIvabSION OF THE
RELEASING OFFICE
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
4gMWOLYEAMIAME
EPUVOISMA COFITAiri! VOWNTICiii 07-C4TUAG 111,TIOl1ai, ilUPCNIt
OP TIM (METED OM= tTilTeltd T r.ACIMO Or, 71Zid ZSPIOL1113S ;ICT
U. O. C. a AGM OIL AS ALIStiOn. TRANOISISSIOR OEI mei-mar
VIV CO24:11MT, GE ANY MUER TO An VGALTTIORWZO tn.TXOW PEO..
AISDITEM vi L7.ZEMODIGOTIO14 07 WES FOrti EII
/S UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
50X1-HUM
1. As a result of recent political moves undertaken by the Yugoslav regime in
the field of foreign policy, it is apparent that a rapprochement of any
kind between ;:oscav and Belgrade is totally impossible. Since this is so,
the time is now ripe to seek major political and economic concessions of
a democratic cast from the Belgrade Oovernment. The only serious obstacle
to further reforms is the strong opposition to Tito by Cominform supporters.
However, it will be necessary to determine What type of concessions could
be obtained at this time.
2a The following conditions could be made with the offer of a loan of
$2000000,000;
Learrament of the Yugoslav A y
Reorganization of the Army
Abolition of politica/ controls within the Army
Abolition of direct and indirect comptlsion to join workers'
collectives.
Establishment of peasant trade coorleratives according to the
West- European model.
Recounition of small private trade enterprises
Recognition of smell private business enterprises dealing
with small consumer items.
CLASSIFICATiON TOP'13,c1TROL? _S_ sIFIC LLS ONLY
HAvrEV NSRB DisTRIBUTION
x F81
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TOP SECRET/CONTEOL-U
. OFFICIALS OELY
CENTRAL INTELLIGFECE AGTMCY
- 2 -
50X1-HUM
Accordance of full and real religious freedom to churches, but not
the right of political influence.
Unrestricted rights for Yugoslav citizens to leave and return to
Yugoslavia.
Each one of the above concessions, once achieved, Should be sanctioned
by law.
The Yugoslav constitution is very liberal, but also flexible, and the
Communists find no diffictiLty in rendering interpretations to justify
their political ends. It would be of great importance if a detailed
annotation could be added as an integral part of the Constitution,
containing the precise interpretation of each individual constitutional
promulgation. Such an annotation or comment to the Constitution Should
be written by a political commission made up of non-Communist members
with democratic leanings.
lantic
The Minister of Foreign Affairs will have to be persuaded that Yugoelavia'e
present political attitude (of. the speech of Kardelj on the occasion of
the budgetary debate during the latter part of 1950) is very fine in theory,
but that it does not correspond to the serious international situation of
the present day. He will have to be persuaded that Yugoslavia must side
with the West on all issues, an attitude which will fully and definitely
guarantee her independence ane sovereignty. An open armed attack against
Yugoslavia is most unlikely wfthout the existence of a powerful and secure
Cominform group in Yugoslavia epon Which 15escow could depend. Ilto's
frequent warnings against the danger of attack: by the neighboring satelllte
countries are merely a politictl maneuver by Belgrade for acquisition of
material aid and political suplert.
4. There are two *portant factors to be borne in mind when formulating an
estimate of the Yugoslav foreiga political situation.. The first factor
is that Belgrade has long secret4 hoped to make peace with Nbscow,
providing an agreement could be ieachee which mould maintain her political
prestige, reeerdless of Mbscow's tcealtic aspirations toward Belerade.
5. If no radical changes in Yugoslav inteenal policy are introduced by
Belgrade, it would not then be necesseoe to approve a large loan to
Y Loelavia. loan
A Loan mould alleviate the siteetion of the Yugoslav peasant,
and liberate him from the heavy burdens rhich he can hardly bear at
present. It would also fortify Teooelee- el11teee. nAfewhinl
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TCT SECRnT/CORTROT.O.R ! ITPRIPTAr.P MTV
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