PFIAB TASK FORCE ON LEAKS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 103
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 3, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
Q
Next 18 Page(s) In Document Denied
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B0042OR000701390002-0
Atsl; 4ti'UKLll N~lti'S '1'UN1GH'i
18 April 1984
?
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
ARTICLE A~'YEARED BALTIMORE I"a AI~;ICARt
OZ\' PAGE-4~ 24 April 1884
0
r+ar~t~ir,~'tn fr~+
mz.a~f F,e~ a sliver fining im Britain's ist,e~t,
experience with interrlatirxtat tzrrbsia7n, ~ s
higEt priority of Reag?-n Policy=ma:Jrerd ther-e_.
~..ayE. "~'~- tl~ fzrst titer, the 1Snited S~tates~is ,
rx~ tnnger on the artfing edge ofthis ttusiress .
fay it~eff," s key af~icial said. .
'~ oft'tciaf digcioAed that t3terc slit now is
'.tarrf evkicnae that the bombs placed inside
three xui teases -and the suitcases '=- that
~~ inrKZrnt {~.ssengc~rs at Lcxxbn'R
M-~,sti~r~s~ ~it~porf ~zr~ f,~sra L.iDya< . ~ =
'Z2tf: key Reags? aci~~sacr ~,id the intexzia-
f crn-remttnity atxxtld take the back-to-
incidences as s- : to crrmck ciorrty trxnre
' . Far a ate a~cial asici: `W~
~t'_` ~c~'trz~x~,tfurth~erindst.srt'
Chili 81CI2nE?E ~lI ~ '~ ?'~ d v .? ~
~Y~' ~ t ?fl~thfl[L~~'t
?the r0i6rt~0i~F'C~ tt (~~ ~I't3IIt'fl'ipt~t7 6(t_
.the L,~pan ~ ~&i~,; f$.
' T~csrldort leas teat "traac3e ~~i,._ pgp~,inni~'
KEsadafy, there bus iao d~ibt~c}iatsoeverthat~
the ozr3et- to fire hsgrhine: into the crowd
af~Prut ~_fi~tn $n >`
if wax the flraS, time the -White Hrasse?
pinned fine blarree direr~Ty "onT~~s tti'
giraic Lei dffereci evidence-tkiat~t3ie gurzrcre=
that 2~-3~aa?=ak~ B~~`z~z ~aIu~u+rsrl~.
.~t''vonne Fletcher ~dsst -'I1aes3~ y~ had been o~
~ b~ affirinls rte.. ;n ths'la.byari ruier:_.~~
? Trte British detrixiazt tr; ~iei itir
the beszeg~i taby~.n E~ribagsybY.t~~u~Iay.:
~:ans the unidec~fii.f-feed gg vriit be gi Oren;
safe Paa~e back to Libalorzg with about;
5{l pcaple inside. "This is the must eer~i~us
floutirl~ of intcrraataoctal law ai.rlCe the lxurt
age crisis,' ~ U.S, a ~.. -
'Ihe White Hoii has c4eliberate~ nv~i~ed
arty public c~rtrnertt art the tcrrvrist irtc~dctlt
to svo?d providir.,g a prd.ezt. far similar ten^ut-
i:~a here. 8u 'atiostal Sec~Irit~~ ~..c+ttrrit ~-
i t that ~ dangrraus izx pTix~ k;~rss F.x-
t~rn'ial nn3or.
..."1t mesas that anyrxm can tie the san~4tf?
'.~~` f~ ~ ~7T`~?i~v tYl Wrt~.tCt. ~ t'.errc~~ ~.
'~ cornpdett Immttnit~?," o{1C ~.;~' ~~'.s
_ ~. ~ pcirrtts.?3in ~airE.ic-llsr tree tt~tt. 'tai
is~ bdclitian to;.';~e',f? ac~:cdil~'3, T:~lx~~n tiip'~-
mats, i3rita~rt had 8g-r-cr~ 2a frti,e ~ 2?}
T~tyans whr~ huci no dipiornatir immtuutp. .
- $rtrita~s't~tti~'x~ 4xf rcpe} 2ht~ T..i~,-~a~ ~-
cx~ of oonc~err. for the 3afrt~r ar mnrc t~.an
'T2re 1~~~~ are nxlrber~ of the I.tb .~
Pe~ap3e's ~3ur~ z:, sar.~t~~ ~:;~?~ Y.~~
re{usCs to calf tarty oChn diplo~rtrat.ic nussions
`~nb~.ssics,. urtd are believed by U.S. inteIti-
~ce iettu~s to irtcl ~e a member of "hit
~~ CX1'it~tkw'i1g S ~g1IHi'lt2 "'ti
I7R~ Cxtle~} oYgxrne'rttR of ~hL' ~ a~
. .
-. ~t1:5? tn.SxEligent~ ~urccs re~13y ides-.ri-
t~ t~firgetS Uf these `hlt squad' arkf the
e ~i?'s'~C} Ltl uC La2iL~y t'C"~t~QC?Sl~?li?' ~['
~1I3At]7}~ f'it' T~'W [737A~{i gn,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86BOO42OROOO7O139OOO2-0
APTTCLE APPEARED
fJN PAGE~~~
1~f'ASHINGTON POST
25 April 1954
~ ~~ ~ ~
~f e ~ ~ ~
By Michael Getler
Washingk~n Past Staff 1Vrlter
Several hours before a gunman in
the Libyan Embassy in London ,.
opened fire on demonstrators and
police last week, the Libyan govern-
ment sent a coded radio message to
the embassy ordering the staff to
i .defend the building, fire on the dem-
onstrators and create disturbances,
including .bombings, in public places,
according to .informed sources..
- .The ..sources said the government
of radical ruler 1Vluammar Qaddafi i
has sent many strident messages to
its embassies,-which the Libyans call
"people's bureaus," but that the one `
segnt. ho ~s before y e~London shoot - '
in was art~cularl zm.
The message was intercepted by
western electronic intelli eg nce~gath-.
erin~ methods, the sources said:`But
it was apparentl~not!'decoded and
translated in time to be distributed
to British sec_urit~r authorities before
he shooting began at midmorni~
on Tuesda , A ri1-17.
A British policewoman waa'~ Billed
and I I Libyan exiles among a ;crowd
of '70 `anti ~Qaddafi .demonstrator's:
..were wounded ~' in ? the,; shooting::.;:
American specialists '.also said =;a"
bombing`at London's Heathrow Air-
port three days later also was . "aI-
`most certainly" linked to Qaddafi's ~'
.agents.
- -Contrary to some newspaper and
television reports here and. in Brit-.
sin, knowledgeable-sources--said the -
coded messaQe was~~t .inter e t
by American intell~grf~.g~d,.,p,~se
to the British. T,.:.he~Americans, these
sources s ' ,_were '"not. involved" '-n
?
.the intelligence=gathering and rg
ceived their information from_th~
British. after the shootinrr.
"American pecialists said the zees-
sage -and the subsequent shootings -
are "part of an escalating campaign
Eby Qaddafi to try?to eliminateexiles'
? opposed o his ? regime ?around the'
~~ world. 'Qaadal"i's ~ campaign agaioat !~'
dissidents-abroad began;:four.;years ~
'ago and has spawned violence in sev- `~
eral countries. In the, Iasi six months,
however, Qaddafi'has become"com-
pletely ;paranoid," one "source said.
"He is going. after everybody " an?th-
er said, adding that "Libya is going
to be a big problem."
Qaddafi's campaign against he
dissidents apparently is spurred..liy
increasingly daring attempts on his
life and a number of bombings in
I;i
bya, an ;American specialist said.
The Libyan dissident movement is
? growing, he added, and some dissi-
dents have begun to slip back into
Libya.
Last December, the military bar-
racks where Qaddafi Lives were hit
by an explosion soon after 1,000
pounds of dynamite -were: reported
:stolen,. the specialist said. -
Britain -has provided refuge for
-many of the thousands of Libyans
who have gone into exile. `
In March, U.S..sources said; Lon-
don's Scotland Yard, acting on tips
from. Libyan dissidents, was success-
ful in preventing terrorist incidents
planned by the Libyan regime. But
on March 10, two bombs exploded iri
London and Manchester, wounding
some two dozen Arabs. Five Libyans,
described as "students," were de-
ported by the British government.
British authorities have noted
some apparent similrarities between
.these bombings .and the' Heathrow
explosion last )t rida~ London has
not accused Libyans of responsibility
.:for the airport attack.
Officially, neither American nor
$ritish officials will ctzmment on're-
"..ports of the .coded message intercept....
British foreign .:ministry spokesmen
have4only said "no specific informs- ,.
ttion which would lead us to believe
`that an .incident of tlZis kind would
_-occur was in our hands before the
incident itself."
Confirming that description,
American official said the inter-
' ~,d m.~,~e_. v~as,,._n?~,,decoded,~?r,d
distributed in time:_~''h ~ said how
..fast this can be doge i? usually a ii
`function of . the_ c?m~uters used in ~
~his~ intelligence-aatherine ~~
o er tip
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86BOO42OROOO7O139OOO2-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
f'~R ~ I GL~ r ?'PEAR?~'~
By Fob Woodward
R'as!;Ingt.~n Post Stott writer
TRIPOLI, Libya-Col. Mua.mrnar Qad-
dafi is ~~}l pub]icly hailed as "The Leader"
of th?s earth African revolutionary state,
but t,her< are signs that his regime faces po-
tentially serious trouble.
Often under the influence of sleeping
pills, constzntly fearful for his life, at times
a near hermit and unpredictable to his sub-
ordinates and allies, Qaddafi appears to
have lost t're once fervent support of same
of his countrymen, according to several
Libyan officials who have personal contact
with Qaddafi.
_.
During my week-long visit here, many of
the west.e,:n-educated officials and bureau-
. crats v,?ho try to run the Gauntry or. a daily
basis said in private that they have become
increasuryg]y frustrated by the internal and
foreign chaos their leader has stirred. Some
refer torim jeeringly as "Cod."
"T'r~e country is in turmoil," one official
~id. "t ~%e expect something."
Another official, in a rage, called Qaddafi
"sri~all, out of it ... a pinhead.'>
__
By no account is Qaddafi, who has ruled
Libya for nearly 15 years, lasing all of his
palit;ical instincts. There are times when he
ap,~ears in public, gives speeches and shows
his lucidity and flair. But these periods are
interspersed wiih longer times of withdraw-
al and public utterings that two Libyan
authorities here separately described with
the same word: "gibberish."
Qaddafi has always left aides a.nd visitors
waiting for hours ar days for meetings with
him, but. some Libyan officials said it has
become much worse in recent months. He
has trc~able sleeping, they said, and wan-
ders around day and night. making morbid
remarks. They said he is not in good health
and either is incapable of making some key
decisions or unable to communicate his
thoughts. There is an irregularity in his
daily schedule that is transmitted through
the entire government and Gauntry.
I-Iighly classified CIA reports circulating
_ ._
th
1
fi
'
rm
is eva
-
~. gor~rnment con
m t71e ~
ua~i~~ ,n~~luamg e~iden~e th~t~Qfdd~li
tal:e~ a,: exce~ ~ve:amc~unt col' Sleeping p_lls,
WASHINGTON POST
.~~ APJ^~:l 1984
c t
according to American sources. One U.S.
official said that Qaddafi is "burning the
candle at bath ends ...high anxiet.ti~, high
energy."
During this month's crisis at. the Libyan
embassy in London, which led to the Brit-
ish decision to break diplomatic relations
with Libya, it was apparent here that gov-
ernment .authority was almost hopeless]}=
spread among Qaddafi, the Foreign Min-
istry and the.so-called people's corrunittees
that theoretically rule the country.
The result was bungled negotiations
that many here had hoped to resolve
without a break in diplomatic rela-
tions.
If a dictatorship controls either by
co-opting or crushing, Qaddafi has
been crushing more than co-opting,
stepping up a campaign of internal
terror and repression. This may be
in response to wn attack on one of
his mast trusted aides, a shadowy
but key= figure in the Libyan govern-
ment named Said Qadaf Dam. Ac-
cording to U.S. intelligence, Dam, a
military officer and addafi relative,
is tre_second most powerful man in
Libya and has been _in charge of a
series of attacks a ainst the Libyann
0 osition abroa , inclu in~~issi-
ents and unfriendly foreign govern-
ments.
In March, it was learned here, a
car bomb injured Dam, and officials
said he may lose his legs as a result.
Foreign Minister Ali Treiki said
Dam had been hurt in an automobile
accident, but brushed off questions
about the incident. Another well-
placed official' in Libya confirmed
t it was an attack and said the
lapr~:~ng had substantially increased
QadTd4afi's fear that the CIA or Lib-
yan dissidents were~oing to kill him.
Libyan officials also confirmed
that a government ammunition
dump had recently been blown up
by a dissident group based in Rame,
reportedly called The Volcano..
One Libyan dissident, Omar Abd-
ullah A'Iuhaysh}, a-one-time Qaddafi
intimate who left the country in
1975 after a .dispute with the ruler,
__ _
z ecent.ly returned and, according to
t.~ne reliable account, was kidnaped
l:~y Qaddafi's agents. In 1.98 ;former
----
+];l,a_ agent Edy,i;n,,,_P ~~'Ison~ w~,o
~~ad been imprisoned for seIl;ng_.ex._
~~losives to LibVaz was acau_itted by a
~J.~. DistrictZourt.~arv in ~'Jashng:
xon of charges of plotting the assas-
~~rnatian of Muhavshi.
All this attention on real or imag-
rined enemies has disillusioned many
~afficials here, as have Qaddafi's var-
~ous military adventures in Africa-
in Chad, where he has about
~~,000 troops-and his attempts to
~verthraw enemies in Egypt and
Sudan. His designs to forge a greater
.`Arab revolutionary state, unifying
l(..ibya with Tunisia, Algeria, Syria,
IFgypt or Sudan, have, in the words
~f one Libyan official, "cost billions
and got us nowhere."
The internal repression has left a
deep mark. The public hangings of
two students- for treason at Tripoli
%Iniversity on April Z6 contributed
~o the anti-Qaddafi demonstration at
the Libyan Embassy in London t;he
next day. It was at that demonstra-
~ion that a British policewoman was
kiIled by shots fired from the build-
~ng and 11 other persons were
wounded. Five days later Britain
broke diplomatic relations.
During that week, several Libyan
officials urged me to write about. the
.:hangings. It was obvious from the
done of their remarks, and the fear
expressed in their eyes, that the pub-
ic executions greatly troubled them.
'The public hangings axe a frequent
subject of whispered conversations
aon the streets and in government,
offices.
One report circulating among Lib-
yans was that a total of 23 persons
had been publicly executed for trea-
son in April alone. An official said
that number was an exaggeration; he
placed the total at 10. But he added:
"It is impossible to know Because
there is no certain information, only
rumara and maybe one hanging be-
comes 10 as (the report] circulates
and is repeated."
This official said there were thou-
. sands of political prisoners in Libya,
people ?=ho had spoken out, against
~:,
~ ~.: P~,.?5.,,,~ F.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
Qaciilafi or Borne revolutionary prin-
ci;~le ar7d were jailed for doing so.
~~leti:iC;iled a130t1t. Si1ClI a high 1lUTn-
b~.r. tl~~ ~~ffici i rereat.ed: "Thou~~
ids. 1 tell you thousands." He said
knee' names but refused t.o pro-
vide any, insisting that even to know
about. the alleged political prisoners
or to discuss them was dangerous.
l;e then told a story about some?
one v.~ho reportedly disappeared Bud-
denly after making a derogatory
comment about green tea, Green is
the national revolutionary color of
rene~~'al: the Libyan flag is green,
and Qaddafi's three-volume revolu-
tionary manifesto is called "The
Green Book.''
The official acknowledged that
the story might be apocryphal, at
least an exaggeration, but he insisted
that it had taken on the weight of
truth an a larger and more revealing
scale.
"People believe it," he said, "be-
cause it could happen. Things like
that happen." Carry=ing the thought
further, perhaps in another exagger-
ation, he said, "No one is happy=
here."
cv.~
Qaddafi's peculiar and sometimes
:;ontradictory statements and actions
in foreign affairs have troubled some
of .his countrymen. In a speech a
month ago he publicly suggested
that "to vex the United States,"
Libya could provide. the Soviets with
bases along the country's 1,300-mile
Mediterranean coastline.
"ti;v e can changE: the balances (be-
tGVeen the superpowers] a thousand
times and turn the tables upside
down," Qaddafi said.
But later in an interview here,
Foreign Minister Treiki dismissed
the idea.
"~~'e are against any foreign troops
in any other country .. ,whether it
is the United States in Grenada or
St'est Germany or the Soviets in Af-
ghanistan." Treiki added: "We don't
accept communism and we will
never accept communism and they
know it."
Qaddafi seemed to be sending an-
other perplexing signal to an African
ally recently. Sam Nujoma, leader of
the South-West Africa People's Or-
ganization, which is fighting to end
South African rule in Namibia, came
here earlier this month to see Qad-
dax"i and get more money to supple-
ment the millions of dollars Nujoma
said the Libyan leader has supplied
to his rebel forces. For six. days Nu-
joma was stranded at a seaside hotel,
ignored by Qaddafi. As of last Tues-
day he still had not seen him.
One Libyan official, distressed by
his boss's unavailability, said that
Nujoma would someday be the lead-
er of Namibia and it was a measure
of Qaddafi's shortsightedness that he
had been kept waiting so long.
Nujoma laughed off the long wait,
but one of his aides and a Libyan
official said it was insulting and hu-
miliating, almost an unforgivable
slight in the revolutionary brother-
- hood. By contrast, when Maurice
Bishop, the Late leader of the Carib-
bean island of Grenada, came to see
Qaddafi in 1982, Bishop stayed at
his guest house and spent four days
with the Libyan leader.
cv.~
The Libyan handling of its crisis
w=ith Great Britain, from the April
17 shooting outside the Libyan Peo-
ple's Bureau, or embassy, in. London
to the time five days later when the
British decided to break relations
with Libya, was botched from begin-
ning to end, according to some of-
ficials here. One called it "a meta-
phor for our pathology about dis-
sent."
There were many voices in the
Libyan government for accommoda-
tion.
"What possible, what conceivable
advantage would we have in broken
relations wdth [the] British?" one
frustrated official asked. Fuad Zali-
teni, who is one of Qaddafi's regular
interpreters, said that the British
move was a blow, a kind of interna-
tional seal of disapproval.
It was clear that no one here had
the authority to conduct the nego-
tiations from the Libyan side, al-
though Foreign Minister Treiki had
the assignment in" name. Several
hours after the announcement that
relations would be broken, British
Ambassador- Oliver Miles said of
Treiki in an interview: "Half his
ministry is against him. He has no
authority."
The day after the shootings In
London, the people's committee of
the Foreign Liaison Bureau (the "
name given the foreign ministry)
issued a statement blasting the Brit-
ish for aggression against the embas-
sy, for "arrogance and barbarism,"
and promising "revenge." Treiki said
the next day, "The British are very
reasonable people, people we can
deal with."
~,
Qaddaf; placed himself between
the two voices of his revolutionary
government-the people's commit-
tees and the bureaucrats and senior
officials, like Treiki, who are for the
most part western-educated profes-
sionals. The committees, which the-
oretically run every=thing, are dom-
inated by younger Libyans dedicated
to revolutionary principles and full
of rhetorical zeal. At. the Foreign Li-
aison Bureau, the committee is made
up of 10 members, many of whom
have no diplomatic training or qual-
ifications-"street bureaucrats," ac-
cording to one official.
Qaddafi, either unwilling or inca-
pable of resolving disputes between
the two factions, often lets them
argue and contradict each other. The
results are chaotic.
Treiki has a deputy in the foreign
ministry. But according to rules set
up by the people's committee, when
he is absent the acting foreign min-
ister comes from the committee, ro-
tating each month among the 10
members. Several foreign diplomats
irk Tripoli say it is nearly impossible
to do business when Treiki is out of
town.
To make the Libyan actions dur-
ing the British crisis even more con-
fusing, according to officials here,
Qaddafi was sending personal mes-
sages of "revolutionary encourage-
ment" to those manning the people's
bureau in London during the -siege
by British police.
So negotiations were conducted
on four fronts by the Libyans-
Treiki, the people's committee here
in Tripoli, the people's bureau in
London and Qaddafi.
The point seems to be that. the
revolution is more important than
the government. The revolutionary
___ _ ___.
principles and drumbeat of anger at
old authority don't die very easily
and Qaddafi feeds the fires regularly-.
The British were a perfect target, a
symbol of the imperialist, colonial
past. One committee member even
suggested that the march to revoIu-
tionary purity must, necessarily en-
tail diplomatic disengagement with
the British.
At the foreign ministry officials
saw all this as a loss. Several expe-
rienced observers here noted that.
the situation resembled the Iranian
revolution in 1979 when the radicals
would articulate, then initiate, a
course of extreme action-such as
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~~ .
tl?e sei?ing of the hostages in the
American embassy-and the mod-
~Zat.es had. no other choice than to go
The thin, expert fingers of the
soldier moved effortlessly over the
release springs of the Soviet-de-
signed AK47. Out on the blacktop of ,
the vast parade ground the soldier
hurriedly field-stripped the weapon,
laid out the final part and leapt up,
black combat boots clicking. The
soldier shouted in Arabic, "It is
ready, sir?" and came to attention, a
slight smile of pride rising and then
quickly snuffed out. The. time was
about 30 seconds, faster than anyone
else. in the class.
A long, braided pony tail flopped.
over the small, red shoulder boards
denoting the lowest rank, coming to
rest at the back of the green fatigues.
She was 14 years old, a female vat-
unteer in Col. Qaddafi's :new :cadre... ';
Women have been training. here' at
the Women's Army _ College since '.
1979, according to Maj. Abdul
Ratak.
Qaddafi has tried to institute uni-
versal compulsory military training;
~or women, but the People's Con-
ress which he set up in the 1970s
has so .far thwarted him, ;so aII ~
women are volunteers. By the hun=
dreds, some hardly 4 feet tall, aged
13 to 17, they march and learn about ~I
machine guns, pistols and larger '~
weapons.
During one morning of drill, while
watching the gangly adolescents
wield the weapons, in some cases the
bayonets as long as the teen-alters'
thighs, an official whispered: "Look
at this, what kind of life is this 'for
these girls?" '
Military training for men is not
popular. V-~ork normally stops here
at about 2 in the afternoon, but men
undergoing military training must
keep their. regular jobs and then
spend three to four hours, five days
a week, with their military unit.
They must do this for six months` to ~,
one year at different intervals every
several years.
cv~
Qaddaf-i set up a universal educa-
tion system that now costs about
$1.5 billion a year. But Abdul Hafiz
Zallitali, chairman of the People's
Education Committee, said in an
interview that the system is under-
going dramatic rev=ision.
"We have been so concerned in
the last 13 or 14 years to expand and
solve the literacy problem," said Zal-
Iitali, a heavy-set, well-dressed man
smoking Rothman cigarettes:
"This ~ means we had to build
classrooms and train teachers ... .
We inherited a traditional system
with no specialties, no emphasis on
practical and technical skills. We '
[educated) people to put them on
the doorsteps of a university . -. ; .
This system was .irrelevant to the
needs of the country.- - . -
"We poured enormous sums into i
~' this, [but) the people who work here ~
do-not-.need a university !education:
So we-.needed erious-rethinking and
we've'been doing so in the Last -three
?years -:and now we're ' ettled on a
generalcourse."
That course, he said, wiIl empha-
size the "manpower needs of the fu-
t~re." That means about 40 percent
of the students, those with lower ac-
ademic achievement levels, will get
vocational training and another 30
to 35 percent will get various types
of technical training:: ~
The practical effect of the old ed-
ucational.system is that. much work
is done by outside laborers and tech-
nicians; about. 40 to 50 percent of '
the .labor `force in the entire country
is foreign. They do everything from
waiting on tables in hotels to the
most technically sophisticated work
in the oil fields.
One official said, "So we have
thousands . of university-educated
people who:are too educated to do
[vocational or basic labor) and have
nowhere to fit in ...and we wind
up with thousands sitting around
being revolutionaries."
Others interviewed said there is
bound to be some resistance to the
education department's efforts to .
tell the low .achievers they are going
to solder circuit boards or repair re-
frigerators for a living. The expec-
tations raised by the Qaddafi social-
ist revolution are greater.
Libya's economy is not. in very
good shape, according to information
provided by Libyan officials and
government reports.
OiI revenue, which accounts for
about 99 percent of the country's
income, has been cut as much as half
by comparatively low prices and re-
duced quotas set by the Organiza-
tion of Petroleum Exporting Coun-
tries. In addition, the economy is not.
structurally sound. Although some
officials tried to cvnvmce a reporter
that many industries were springing
up, .others said this claim was exalt-
gerated.
"We can't make even a needle to
sew a shirt," said one. "All labor and
equipment come from outside ....
We cover everything with money.
Take away the money or the oil and
we have nothing."
Nonetheless, travel around Trpgli
and its outskirts revealed a laud that
appears to be one vast construction
site, 'with housing; ' factories and
.nearly every imaginable building
"being erected. Billions of dollars'~of
the .work is .being .done.. by foreign
subsidiaries of American companies,
much more than either the Libyans
or U.S. government would like;"to
acknowledge. Libyan officials say the
U.S. role is critical and accounts for i
the generally -good treatment that
the hundreds of Americans who I
work here receive. -
Libya has spent billions of dollars.
for arms from the Soviet Uniort acid
is currently negotiating to buy an-
other $5 billion to $10 billion worth,
but many officials, including Foreign
Minister Treiki, made it clear that
they would rather buy arms from the
United States.
U.S. relations with Libya have
grown increasingly cool since Qad-
dafi -took power. All U.S. diplomats
were withdrawn from Libya after ~an
attack on the embassy in December
1979 and Libyan diplomats were
expelled from the United States`in
May 1981. In August of that year,
U.S: planes shot dawn two .Libyan
jets over`the Gulf of Sidra and. theee
have been other tense encounters`~n
~,
-the same area since.
Fawzi Shakshuki; the minister`:~nf
planning, said in an interview that
the only nonmilitary project t;Rth the
Soviet Union was a small agricultiii?-
aI contract to study the soil.
"There are no big projects with
the Soviet Union," he said, "because
they can't give us the best prices and
conditions."
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~?'he. largest development. project
in the co~.rntry, the first stage of
~~;hich wilt cost. 53 billion, is a desert
irrigation pia~7 that was awarded to a
South Korean company; X100 rriil-
lion of that goes to the Texas-ba; ed
construction firm of Brown and Root
for managing the proiect.
One visible success of the Qaddafi
revolution is that the oil. wealth has
been distributed widely and poverty
hat been ,-irtually eliminated. Food,
most of w=hi;;h is imported, is heavily
subsidized. Rent has been abolished
end ow=nership transferred to those
~i~ho occupy a house or apartment.
The lavish, ostentatious wealth of
the oil-rich Persian Gulf states can-
not be found. I did not see. a single
limousine during a week's stay in
Tripoli.
Despite the strict fundamentalist
Moslem laws here, there .are several
large television antennas in the Trip-
oli area, W=hich reportedly are. used;
among other things, to pick up seX=:
wally oriented broadcasts from ItalS~:
On Friday, the day of worship;
Foreign Minister Treiki arrived ~3t
my hotel in the driver's seat of,`"a
dark green, 1982 government Che. v.=
rolet. He drove me to a friend's farni
south of Tripoli.
Libyan and U.S. sources described
Treiki, 45, as smooth and ruthless:
Said one analyst: "He is the man
That has carried out the policy`of
Qaddafi. During the Chad (invasion]
Treiki was the gu}~ who appeared
with the money in one bag and
threats in the other."
After we arrived at the farm,
Treiki regularly tuned in the news
on a three-band radio-cassette play=
er. This was in the third day of h
negotiations with the British ambas-
sador over the siege at the Libyani
Embassy in London.
Treiki seemed relaxed, took off
his shoes and socks and lay down.
Covering relations and policy frog
the Soviet Union to Nicaragua, ;:he
kept to the line that Libya wants
peace and the United States is the
aggressor.
For nine hours he laughed, asked
questions, shrugged, gave half-heart-
ed denials but provided little new:
Before sunset he drove to the coast
and the Roman ruins of the large
city of Lepcis Magna and walked
though the remains of the forum.
theater and baths for an hour.
He kept trying to turn the discus-
sion to the United States, saying it
had no real foreign policy in the
Middle East, rather just a series of
incoherent actions that change di-
rection almost daily.
"You should v~ite a long article
about this city instead of the other
things ....President Reagan:
should give up the billions he spends
for armaments to rebuild this city."
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
M S
V
i i
L
i
i
:'~`-..----F-._..
8 AF= :~1 19~
~O ~~~ j~('It'j't A s kesman for the C.I.A. Dale j laces the United Stag in "the absurd.
S SAID ~.--
r ` (t'ti(V, 11 Petersen, said toda~? e~~, ~ ition of lavi~ z~~ thyt W
r wottld not ~ ____~~an estern
I~~~~1 V ~t c~mrnP*,r ,,,, .~,e mininv E~ ~,.~~rtcr*~c--- ='~`?-~?'n_...~.?rtd. na
j j~ ]~ jZ (~~t~ fie; agar, or the intiv}vemenrof A e~-'; move."
j~-{j j~(l j}~( (U- ~IIZ~1~Ig~e officials said Dri- Mr. MoYtuhan ~?ac referring to an
vately that Americans ? -'-'-'-- offer by France, made public on T2ttus-
- - - mvo}ved in the day, to help Nicarawa clear
n (~ T j~ }'~ m>ning activity do not enter Nica.ra- ; Britai, the mind. 1
lt4l (v~ t-J{ )L( ~~ ~ji~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ temtonal watP.~ n told the Reagar; Adzuinistration.
earlier this week that it disapprpv~ of '
Territorial Limits Are Disputed the~mini~g as an interference with ir,-,
#~ Nicaragua claims territorial waters ternational shipping.
t f~'YOLVt M E l\iT + ~1, uP ~ ~ m1leS Oif S110re, btr~ the United The Het>,ce Select Committee on In-
1 ASSfiI LED ~ States respc-cis only a I2rnile 1~t. telligen eft about lire
II~in]I]$
. - T"oe intelligence ship that c~rri~ _o~eration F.zt_hin the last two weeks ac-
Americans operatee.outside~he IZ-mile ' ~''~'n-~? d'ent'e: s. Tner~ e is -''"r'-
Americans on Ship Reported) !limit bit well I spread opposition anion Ha , wioe-
~~ the 'mile ~' oats to the ~Zl million inc,-~se iBe~a
Y'~ bottndar}', Adminictntion .officials ;i
Oversee Latin Commandos 'said. Tree ,! en aid to the A*icasaguan rebels ap.
~-sPeed boats travel :i proved by the Senate this week, and the
>nithin a mile or two of the Nicata i
Who PIaCe the Devices ~ ~-~. ~.: mi.*Jing issue L emoted to .playa
major role in House debate on the
Based on the ]_2rni]e limit z~-red. m~.ure.
by the United States, intetli;?ence affi-
- Bp.PHII-IP TAUBMAN ~ vials canteaded that Americ~c are not ; Mining Began 2 Morass Ago ~
~J,~ :-n~ r~ Yaz r~ directly involved in milirarv operations T-ne mt?vng of three Nicaraguan bar.
Wt.Sh~'GT01~, A ,~ ~ ~ agaVn-ct 1r`icarag~ but instead serve in' ors, ~e"~o Corinto and Puerto
P=~ .Amen- ! an advisory capacdty in i.nternationa} ' Sandino or. the Paci~Sc mast and El
c~nc wor;;ing for the CenL~} .Intelli- j waters similar to the role of Americans ' Bluff on the Atlantic, began two
Bence Agency on a ship o~ Nicaragua's based in Honduras who train and i months ago without noti,`ication of Con-
Pacific co.~st have bean sapervising the time to bel s cx~- ~ gam' acc?~g ~ members of .the i
mining of 'tTi P uPer?~'ise rebel ground ~ Senate and Hott~e intel}i ence commit-
~aK'~ '~arnots? in rn forces inside Nicara
'cent ?months, according to Reagan Ad- Members of : ~? _ _.... . ' te'ec-. 'I'tie mines have damaged vessels f
rstnL~--atien officials and members of Democrats and Rep~n~s~ ~d~ . fretghte.**, since March lug ~ Soviet
fact that Americans remain outsidlleLtUh~e + The C.I..4.. w-Jder federa,i law; is re_
e sat:.-*~ saythe m'~ opr..ration ' 12mile limit does not lessen their rF ! ouireo to Jeep on . e~c
c the fiss< lime since the United; sponsibilityfortheoperation. ;about the intellieezlc,.
ate'< b~-gan sttpportir~ Ni "We have care 'Members of Gon ~ ?Deraaons'
rebel ~, ~'a?~n ~ fully monitored these j gr?ssialtnott _
. t--I'~ ye2rs ago that Amerirnnc ~ actiti~ities to instu-e that, whatever else ; tea y the aeJa'v ~ trill czse. said
'hive br::ome di.-ECtlY involved in mill- ~ haPP~~, Americans didn't get into . agency ~~~-`?flabl`v have~con-
CJU6ea
t!
- - -~_____.......a. ~s~.
The actLa} placement of the mines
inside Nica,~gna.*t tev*ritorial rosters,
they said, is handled by an elite grasp
~ of Latin pmeriran commandos who
tz~ sttJail, him-sperm; boa+s to pez,~.
I trate shipping lanes close to share.
.
_
lat
combat-type operations aQairs. ?tirr,_ n.,?,,,.,...._ -- ?n?'~` unpGct'i~v an-
---- R~r~~~ zut_nonzed ;`ina~ ~_ ~ f
Senate intelligence committee said. cover actiti?ities against Nic~~~ e
`Involved Direet}p' a.muitst anon o~,JC~`'-ice ~~ ~e~-
T?,e Senator, ~?ho asked to remain ~ t~'ieianc were involved i.n ~per-
anon~~rnous, addEd: "T"hat distinction advanced ~ ~ent~w e relQttvely '
has now b
l
l
~ inv
'
o
een
ved.
ost. When an three kinds o~
~ . American
I~ey said . ~~
`Glaser to Direct Coviro>ztation' ; t5 on the mother ship in a ~ _ that respond to _ ones
ground ,!
T-ne off~daL said that unlike lion, he's invo}ved airecU ~~, waves and water pressure, hatveSObeanen
'operations inside Nicaragua co>Y1uet~d '! activities. It's irrelevant whether the Planted in Nicaraguan waters.
by reel forces, which American advis. ' ship is in international waters.>, The m;nes, according to the Admiral.
I tits mon;tor from Hondtn2s but do not .' txation of5cials, were assembled in f
control, the planting of the mines ~ I }either the Senate nor House coin- Honduras and El Saltiador
t ~ mittees were informed about the help of Americ'%,nc, For the with the
Nicaraguan waters directly im*o}ves ! ' mining o,
ln? or the pal-CJClpatloIl of mPriran~ Puerto Corint0 and PUertO SanQ1n0
AL?~czns and is tinder their imm -~
edi- 'until recent_ weP~c ~pnar~~ n , ,~
'. ate c;rnt~vl. ~ W they said, the mines and small lu '
;.nr~; Mavmhan. De^n[,rr-at ~f ~+ew York ;speed boats used to place them ins
Members of the Senate and House in- ~ ~~~Sh~i~,pf the ~~P Ski 'ping }antis were tans P-'
I telliQencecommitteac said th Committee on lntelligence said in an ~_off itTiczrag-~ a~mp? ~~g o w~~l
e role of
the Americans constituted a si;;nificant ~ interview Fnaav ?`Tbe training`must ~ that ser~~es as the nerve center for-the'
' r.h~nge m C.1.A_ open ~tlons a in t .~ be stopped and it will be stooped " lye ~ operation:-
M
-l
-
-- lain t
ca,~gua aria, ar
Je enaee committer ac
~~.7n.QC?~tiC -.~~_~
Senator said, ..~~ a I~-1~~~Ae~~..D~t~}L'~T7t~L.~gA1.ur
brines us closer to a di,~ c,~,~t ~'T`~~cia}s to q~s~ the m,nc
bon w'7L Ntczrz2L,.'.' ~-ta; ~per-atiQn. -,.~~,o
French and British Opposition
? Mr. Movniha_*t who earlier this week
vot in favor o ~vLtig_the C 1 A an
addtvortal S21 milaon to support Nica-
rz~uan re activities ttus year sat'd-
~s apposq ~ ~,nin
1i~???e, ~rOUnns
that it violates ft~edorn the seas.a~
COJi5t1U2Q
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~,
StuP Modified by C.I.A.
Tne actual planting of the mines i.n
~har~or approaches was done by the
Latin Amercanc, the Administration
officials said, following plant prepared
bt? Americans aboard the hezdquarters
ship.
Administration officials said that iS
the mining operation is suspended be-
i cause of Congressional opp~ition, the
mines already planted would not pose
an indefinite threat to shiPP~ because
they are progi`a-mined to become inop-
~. enable after several months.
The shin whjch R?~ modified by the
C.I.A. to sua rt mtnsnQ ot>erayons
~e Amencars and ar, elite
llll7t , o Latin AmPriranr g D~~I'e
tr~inc-ci to plant mines .b~- t'r~Ur,~ited
Stag, actor-ding to the Admministration .
e~cials.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
f.RTT CyT; ~~/pE~,Pi~
W,gLL STREET JOURNAL
-- 6 April ]934
.,~. Rode in .~,~iriing l~Ticaraguan .arbors
~~epo~-ted ly ~s Larger ~`han first ~'hought
B;.` DAVID Roc?Ys
the remainderof the fiscal year ending Sept.
$Ict'i nCDO ri Cr n'7)iE ~'Ai.,.STREET JOI'Hn nL
~`,`~ S?iI?~GTO:-,e U.S. of pea}-ir,g a major role.
?residem Rea~ar,. Questioned about the
ma-,er at his news conference 1~'ednesdav,
re`,.:s-d to cpmment but the issues has prp-
vp=:~ concern in Congress ever amanp
thos_ sunpor',ing?C1A aid to the anti?Sandin-
fs:4 :rst:rgents. . '
:~.a_r;'~ in Congress have feared escalation
of the cpnflict if economic, 2s well as mil~-
ta:-~? urgEts, are attacked. Also, there is
concen: ac~JUt the ttlreat to non-Nicaraguan
shfps tsil*;g the same pot`s.
Gorinto is the port most affected by the
r?7inzrlg, accordil:g t.o government state-
menu in Nicar aqua, and as many as seven
ship, f0i1r .Df them foreign, have been de?
ss;aed as 'raving hit mines since late Fein
n:z~.. T~~o more vessels reportedly have hit
mines in the smal}er pogo of Puerto.Sandino
and =} Blt:~ on the ezstern Cat?ibbear, coast,
ar,d ships at Puerto Sandino have come un-.
der attack from high-powered speedboats,
2ccording to ~ neK?s' reports .from Nicara-
gua.
iv.'o ants-Sandinista groups, the Nicara?
t,.~,
~??~^ Democratic Force ir. the North and the
Revolutionary Demo,:r atic Alliance in the
Soup:, have claimed responsibility for the
mining and speedboat attack, but Nicara?
says the U.S. is directly responsible be? j
t>_~e of the equipment used and skill of j
ore ir,yoJyed.
The CL4 is currently operating under a'
S2~ mllllor, appropnat~on to fund the anti-
Sand~*~ista ir~urgent~ nz ~? ih~ administra-
tior? is seelar,~ an additiona1~21 I>~illion f9r
30. These funds, as we11 as ~fi].S rriiliion in
ml nan? alp or ;/ a vapor, vton' final Sen?
ate an rpy- yesterday, but 1a1r. Reagan
faces .continue opposition in the House
t~`nlch has tu~ce voted to cut o" funding for
the Nlcara~tlan vwar.
1',`iinout u~f~ler-funding, the administra-
tion. estimates that aSd for the insurgents
will be exhausted by T4a}', but there doesli'i
appear to have been a cutbac}t in operations
to date. Though there are fewer armed and
trained fighters, file total insurgent force is
estimated between 12,OD0 and 15,OD0, accord?
ing to sour cgs, 'and tree re~-ised limit ap?
proved by the administration ~~ as high as
ls,ooD.
Though the president enjcn's bipartisan
support in the Senate for at lezsl lirriited
funding far the insurgents, such moderate
Republicans as Sen.1~,~illiam Cohen of Maine
have questionee the mining in light of the
threat to economic targets.
The Senate Intelligence Cornrnittee hasn't
had a full briefing on the operation, but CIA
Director 14'ilji?,_rn Case' recently appeared
before the House Intelligence Committee,
where detai~~ of the mini*I~ were apparently
first _disclosed to members of Congress.
Du^:ng Senate debate this week, the In-
telligence Committee chairman, Bam' Gold-
water, tR., ArizJ surprised other senators
by gpelily referring to a document or paper
indicating that the administration had . di-
rectly authorized the mining. Mr . Goldwa-
ter's remarks were dropped thorn. the pub-
lished record made available yesterday, and
it'hile an aide to the senator dismissed the
matter, two other sources indicated that
such a paper or staff memo did exist.
The House .briefing was, in any case,
more oetal!ec. accor ir,~ ?to a source amt -
tar vr~~ the presentation maoe by the CIA.
Accoratng .to this source, the uni~s operating
om the s ip were describeo as se agate
tom t e "contras." or insurgent faction of
native Nicaraguans whom 1Jir. P~eagan has
descnoed z.c "freedom fi~hter~" being
helped by the U.S.
The administration has denied that it
seeks to overthrow the }eftict Nicaraguan
government, and in~ an rsffori to reassure
senators, fete president sent a letter to Aia?
jority Leader Ho~~ard Eaker (R., Tenn.)
iT,-ednesday night pledging ti?,ai' the U.S.
"does not seek to destabilize or overthrow"
the Sandinista regime.
I
Th l t' d -
e e per appease Sen. Danfel Patrick
1~4o~?nih2n of 1;ev fork. the ranking Demo?
crat or, the intelligence Comminee, but ALr.
i,ioynihan said Yesterday that he remains
cpncerned about the mining of fhe ports,
both bec2.use of the Threat to eronon~i~ tg; -
i
gets and potential violations of international .
}aws of the sea. '
There vas unusually strop; support
among member s of the Intelligence Commit-
tee yesterday for an amena,~rlent to prohibit'
anY aid t
o an tnm~*Idual or o
group seekln~ the '
y~iolent overthrow of a government in Cerl-
trai America. Of the panel's 15 members,
six Democrat, including Sen: Moynihan;
and one Republican, Mr. Cohen, backed the
proposal, but it wzs tabled by the GOP lead-
ership on a 5i-~'. roll call.
The Senate action came as Secretary o'
mate GeorR~ Stoltz met p-ivatety u~th the
b;par`usan: leadership of the. Horse or, the
Centra]
America
did
~2 k of c~~ker ~
'T}lomas
O'Neill
(D.,
A4ass 1 remains op?
-posed to any fundtng for the CLt operation, .
:2no ne later met a;? ibera~~ nressurin~ for
'-a strong stand atainst the aaministration
w?nen the two hou_ces meet in conference to
work out the fln~ for;,, of the aid bil}.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
0.i rp.G~~ r.~3ILpTJz_..L' ,?1~:I~: Ii3o,UIR~
a April lo8!t
-- are-.providing them with arms,
"President Reagan blurred US. aims
last weel: when be said the adminis-
guerrillas is succeeding in damaging -- -_ tration has made c}ear to the 5andf-
shipping and burring the Central John Hughes, a Stale De artmen~?: vista leaders that support for the _:
American nation's economy, but it is ~ spokesman; was .asked Wedn contrQS ''would stop when they keep ,'
ratstng . 9UeStlonS~ about what the e`~y ` their promise and restore the demo,
how .the administration could ratio- ~.
'United .States is trying to.achieve in na]IZe its support for the ,terrorist ~ cratic rule and have elections." ;
its support of the anti-governmeai ; activities of the contras in tticara ua And in a letter to Congress, R~g~ .
, : ' x~hile condemning terrorism , l~? ; satd the United States is "trying
instsgency; among other things to brin
It app~,:ars to contradict US con- ; .~"he~? He said. the two situations ' g the Saa?
demnations of so{alled ,state-spore. i were "very different"- ~ dtntstas tnto Peaceful negotiations" .
sored terrorism elsewhere in the i '?I. thin]; you. have a .situation_in_- I"for aregional peace settlement in
wot?ld. It also appears to violate the Nicaragua where you have an insur? ~ .Central America,
gency on the a ~ 'ibe administration`appe'ars re-:".
chanets o, the United Nations and I p rt of people or action signed to live with the contradic-
the Organization of American States. On yhe Pam of people who feel that Lions between its support for the
A2 least seven ships were damaged ~ zhe have been betrayed by their contras terrorist actions and its gen.
by rebels' mines last month, includ? gQ~ernment and by their ideals era] condemnation .af terrorism.
ing So~~iet and Jzpanese vessels. ~ `Which they subscribe to - is a very ~ Secretary of State,George P. Shul>i,
Crew, members of both nations were different situation tostate-sponsored Ina s
injured, and Moscow ,asserted chat terrorism," Hughes said. peech Tuesday, issued an impas?
~:ashin on was' stoned plea for the world community ..
~ responsible because -Another State Department spokes- *o take urgent steps to defend itself
tts support for.tbe groerrilla; who roan, Alan .Romberg, wben...asked ,~ ,against state-
anted the mines ~. i about the 'Soviet protest over.?the ~o~OT~ terrorism,
':.which he called ?'a weapon of uncon-
Nicaragua acknowledges that the !damage to its ship, responded that: K ; ventional wax against democratic so?
~rnining is hurting its economy be? ~ tt'gc well known from. previous.inci- ~ cieties."
cause it ccme$ at time when it nc-eds dents that there weI-e d2ngers in the " __ $ut when asked during a recent
ships to transport its exports of cot, arez." He refused as .saywhether television interview whether the
'ton. - Washington bad provided the atines. ~ United States was narvcipating in
? ? ~'itbout Y,'ashington's support, the .-Nicara~na also bas'trxiewt ~ state-sponsored terrorism by as~rt.
guerrilaz< would not be able.to con, cta n offi- 1 ing the contras in minis the har.
1 protest cost r,~,n~ +;,.,..~.
duct their insurgency on its c~rent .lasted the `~ ~'- `=e wit' ff g
e IA sed I bow' SbuJtz said simply that the left.
scale and almost surely would lack :comment on ,the
the cxpei~se and facilities to mine and :ditat .the fst Sandinista government -was
~Nicaragua'c harbor. ? , allegations concerned "inielli;?eace getting what it deserves,
? 'activities." - ----- He said the Sandinistas had "sto?
7?aere is little doubt that the Unit? ~--- len" the 1979 Nicarguan revolIItian
ed States M.zrs at least some reg.+~n. The most.f.^equently stated goal of that toppled right-long dictator An-
sibilttt?for the minine of Corinto and.'the administration in assisting the, astasio Somoza. "So they have cre~t-
'otber ports. Wzshin~ton is the chief GOnm?s is to slop the suspected smug- . ed a problem for themselves, sad'
financial supporter of the guerrillas, ;filing of arms from h`icaragua to ~ they are havZng to live with it," he
kao~~r as cor~t[cs~ orovidins money, ,guerrillas who are seeking to topple said,.
a;"n:s and trainine throueh the C1A. US'"~PPoned government in El ~'-
7-lie Reagan administration is ask- 'Salvador. Tbe;Sandinistzs -- 19ica,e?
'ing Congress to urgently approve SZl ;gas's leaders, named after a 192f-s ,
million more in aid for ibe contras, :guemIla hero, Cesar Augusto San.
in addition to the millions provided dino -admit their s}?mpathy for tbe?
pre~-iously. On Wednesday night, the !Salvadoran guei-riIlas but?deny,they=
United States vetoed a U.N. Security
Council resolution condemning the ~ .
mining of 1licaragua's ports. Thir?
teen of the council's l5 members i ?
-sttpported the Nicaraguan . resolu?
'tion. Britain abstained.
Because the administration -does
t publicly discuss details of its
evolvement ~?ith the contras, v'ho ~ ?
,now number about 15,1)00 operating ,
?frorn bases in Hondurzs and Costa .;
Rica, its .aims are unclear. __,
~;'.~.SHI:~'GTON -The minis f
o
By P.. Gregon~ Ivokes
e ?~
g
'Nicaraguan ports by U.S.-backed ~ ._
A.i~alvsis
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE
U.S. Aides Say
;Iraqis Made Use
~~ ` Of a Nerve G'as
i
Assert Lab Gear Came
From West Germans i
?
?
By SEYII'iOUR M. HERSH
Special to Tax ldew Yozk TSmes
WASHINGTON, March 29 -United
States intelligence officials sa~
thev
,
have obtained what.thev believe to be
ipeontrovertible evidence that Iraq has
used nerve gas in its war with Iran and
is nearing completion of extensive sites
for the mass production of the ?lethal
.~emieal warfare agent.
Pentagon, ,State Department and in-
telligence officials said in interviews
this week that the evidence included
documentation that Iraq has been buy-
laborato ui ingot fro
mg ry eq p m a West
~ This information could not becon-
German company, Purchases that are firmed, although many American offi-
believed to be linked to Iraq's nerve
gas production plans.
The intelligence also shows, the offi-
ci s said, that Iraq has as?manv as five
~ dispersed sites for the store e, rodua
~ Uon an assemblyo nerve gas wept.
ons. Without intervention, these offi-I
cials said, Iraq is estimated to be
weeks or months away from the ability
~ to mount major chemical attacks
against Iran's far more numerous
troops.
Deep Underground Bunkers -
Each of the sites, the officials said,
has been built in deep underground
bunkers; heavily fortified by concrete, ~
that are reported to be six stories below
the surface. Officials said the Iraqi
concern appeared to be protection from
an air attack.
Neither file White House nor the'
State Department would formally core-'
_ ingot today on the intelligence informa-
tion. -
If full-scale chemical war develops,
one senior American offiaal said, "the
genie is out of the bottle." He added:
"Arms control is down the drain. And
we've got our forces completely at
risk." The official warned that because
of the nature of chemical weapons,
huge doses of which can be transported
IJEW YORK TIMES
30 March 1984
in small canisters, it would be virtually
impossible to effectively monitor the
spread of such weapons to other coup-
tries.
In 19~ the United States reaffirmed
its renunciation of the first use of
chemical warfare, and it later reduced
its preparations to defend against a
chemical war. The United States has
accused Iraq of using chemical weap-
ons in the war with Iran, but Baghdad
has denied the charge.
A senior official said this week that
the Joint Chiefs of Staff had been asked
to provide what he termed a "prelimi-
nary look" at the feasibility of an
American air strike on the fortified
sites, but concluded there were not
enough American aircraft in appropri-
atelocations. ,
Tgiis official went onto say that there
were many in the Government who, re-
calling the successful Israeli air attack
in 1981 on what was determined to be an
Iraqi nuclear plant, would like to see
the Israeli Air Force attack again..
Some sensitive high-level conversa-
tions on the issue between the United
States and Israel have already taken.
cials, in interviews, volunteered their
personal judgment that such an attack
would be one welcome solution to the
problem.
A senior State Department official
described his frustration over the
issue. "It's not lack of knowledge at
high levels," he said. "It's been in all
the high-rollers' briefing books. The
Iraqis appear to be ready to do any-
thing. The question is what do we do?
Should we cast a major air strike?
That's a big move." The official ac-
knowledged hearing "speculation"
that the Israelis might be "ready to
move," but added that such talk was in
his view oNy talk.
The intelligence, which was provided
from sources epict as in ~r
an on-si a as n an
orce y present to President Rea-
gan in the last week the officials said
wi to ouse not yet providing
_,y olic 'ice.
icia s sae at on three occasions
within a week a Central Intelli-
gence Agency, to matize its concern
Praise for C.LA. Director ':.
One official reflectin the frustra-
tion o menu m e_utte Bence e ;
raised William J. Case~theD~irector
of0'entra me 1 Bflce of rhavin~it e
g_IItS to Stan lip 8n 1 t a tn~,
"He's yen a correct information to ~
the mie House an it's u off-{Diem?'- i
e State epartment said on March'
5 that the'United States had concluded ~
that the available evidence indicated
that lethal chemical weapons were
being used by Iraq against Iran, in
violation of the Geneva Protocol of
1925, which Iraq agreed to adhere to in
1931. At the time of the statement an
Administration official said the chemi-
cal weapon being used by the Iraqis
seemed to be mustard gas, a blistering
agent. At that time Iran accused the
Iraqis of using nerve gas and nitrogen
mustard, but the Administration said
there, was no evidence Iraq had used
nerve gas.
One reason for' hesitation over the
issue, a White House official acknowl-
ed ed is the traditional concern of ira-
te ligence o iCa or a protection o
`sources and methods." Th_e s e~ific
m onnataon a ut a extent of Iraoi
~lerve sas` eve opment is said to have
been denved from unusually sensitive
sources.
A major diplomatic complication
confronts the Administration. offici s
sa Amencanintelli en
have identi 'ed Karl Kolb. a sCienrific
and technical supply corgoany-~
Dreleach. West Germany as b___ e~re~
sQonsible for the sale and shi 'n o
SO hhr istiff Cat la rat0{~ed inmPnt
that, intelligence o ic' ls~
been use? - aopg;~?nt1Y ~33bnrt hP
p~mpanv's knowledgQ - to aid
>iraoi C ve m,~nt_"n i a cL~~ine
ability to develop a nerve gas. Salmi of
eglupment consider~ed~by American of-
ficials to'~sential to t lFe I`raoi e~?o`rt
were sal to eve taken la ov
n o at least two
emi company obtaining_~I of the
required export licenses from the West
German Government before shipment
_ Evidence Presented to Bona
Sometime within the last month, offi-
m e leence o acia_~ n
tamed evidence directl linkin the
company's s pments to Iraqi eve op-
over the intelligence had emphasized ~ The C.LA. relayed some of its infg~
or "red lined "the relevant infonna- I mataon and its wncern directl to the ti
tion on rao s c emi~al war ab' ides 'n ~ Unit fates Embassy in Bonn an of-
.the President's daily intellige~ace brief, - ;facial said, which in turn made a diplo-
one of the most hi classified docu ,' ' matac representatjg~t~he West *Pr-
i`nents rrl a er~e~t. -gyp - ppan Government. The official Ameri- i
Ala i_'~'is pprepared ove i 1,r by;;,~he",
C.I:p.. and presented early each room- , ivp~j{pued
-mgto- e~r'esa ent. = _
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
can representation was said to have In Bonn today, a spokesman'foi.the' using the weapons, but did conclude
n at a relatively low level, not in- Economics Ministry said an imestiga- that chemical weapons had been used
' g grthur F. Burns, the American ,Lion had determined that a pesticide recently in areas being contested by
bassador. plant, scheduled to go into operation in Iran and Iraq.
"We don't want to be screhming and September, had been sold to Iraq by the .Astonishing Success Reported
shouting at them," one State Depart- Kolb company. But a senior executive
meat official said, in explaining ~ the of the company denied such a sale had These officals said the C.I.A. had
low-key American approach, "because taken place. conc u a un was used s mon
we don't have the answers ourselves to American officals in the interviews ti amst an ranian mss as-
the problem" -that of determining this weeee_ 1_- eir onnation r,,r~--~ ~ualties~~e
whether a seemingly ordinary ship- , as be concl-us-ive. ~ 3ence is a un us u- at attack, one official
said, apparently came from Iraq's re-
went of chemical and laboratory ; 'overwhelmu-g asemoro 'ci sal .
search and development stockpile,
equipment is secretly intended to ' ~ cow farmed but w t e term
which had previously been used only on
produce chemical warfare agents. e ' ure'of-ffie-Wlii~e '~as-
"Of course they're sensitive," the of- _s~me~anaggressive ro a ea wi h
ficial said of the West German Govern- e~ navy intelligence on ra 's
astonishing, the official said. "Military
went. "They're perfectly aware of .demonstrates " he sal , `that the Ad-
analysts, looking at how the Iranians
theirown history. They have a problem ministration~as no staff ca able of
retreated after ..what seemed , to be an
and they have to scramble to figure out ~~ecisions m areas as
insignificant attack, could not under-
how to deal with it. Meanwhile, we're ; as this,"
stand it," the ~ official added. "They
friends of theirs and we have to help i'
pulled way back. As far as our military
them figure it out." ~ _ Note of Caution From Aide
people are concerned, it's only a ques-
"It's a tough question, with no good i ~d-~stration otiical did cau-
tion of production capacity before they
>? tiara that the intelligence e d seen
answers, one State Department offi-
attackfurther."
cial said. "It's fair to say that the Ger- had yet to be formall~confirmed`sav-
j
,
i
One White House official, after cau- f
back for the last two years, although I ~~ a testing lab, but I'm not con- ~ finning that he was speakingwithout of- '
it's, perfectly true that none of these ~, winced bathe evidence.~~ ~ ficial ~~~~ described the issue of
people knew what is going on. Now we ' pence .nu t be proven right: it might I how to respond as far more complicat-
come up with new information and we ~P~~ ~o~? I don't thinkanvbodv ; ~. ?~t would you do?" he asked.
? knows." This official aclmowl~d~ed ??
-tell them and they go Yecch - what a How do we handle our own technical-
? ?? That fief r a not
mess. 1 transfer" of goods -such as the few
"What can we do?'_' the official recent irate li ence revorts vrovided in chemicals used in nerve gas production
added, notin that the nvate com the last week to the White House.
g P Pant -which also have legitimate commer-
in West Germany had obtained appro- ! One as yet unresolved issue revolves cialuses?
riate export licensing. "How can we j around the amount of time Iraq would ' "It's a very frustrating experience
~~t a st to it? This isn't the sort of need actually to begin the large-scale ??
~ng ~ roduction of nerve for a government, the official added.
you can solve overnight. That P g~? T~ agent Defense Department officials said
may sound sort of callous," the official under development, the officials said; that in recent months there had been a
added, "but to get up on a high moral: is Tabun, developed as the first lethal lightening of the licensing procedures
and doesn't solve an In gas of its kind in late 1936 by German
~'? Y~8? for certain chemicals that could have
practical terms, we want to put the scientists, and made in large quantities alternate uses in warfare. At least one
genie back in the bottle. What is trou- by the Germans in World War'II. Ex- fully licensed shipment of chemicals
Ming is the potential." parts depict Tabun as the agent closest bound for Iraq, scheduled to be shipped
in chemical makeup to certain power-
Serves as a Broker ~ insecticides and describe its produc- ~' an American company, was stopped
The Karl Kolb com ,which does lion as being relatively simple, given after it was concluded the chemicals
serves as a bin er o~f'~or various the proper raw chemicals and equip- ~d be used in the production of mus- ;
man acturers is r rt to eve maul. lard gas. "It was the urgency of the ~
under o ervation or an extended The most critical sta a in roduc- ' shipment that troubled us." the official;
n~~od b American mteIIz`-en~fi= ho g P :said, explaining that the chemicals
ppee y g_ n, experts said, is the assembling jwere to beau-freighted to Iraq.
Wis. IntelI'igence'o~fic~~s said t~at~t -ie and loading of artillery shells, bombs I pmother official, noting that there
ea an Admiral?trafion now ad~evi-' and other munitions. A senior State De-
l wss an urgeat need for expanded su-
ence thatthe comnanv had m de pertinent official cautioned that there thority to monitor overseas shipments
l~ cale sales of laborato ui was still time to deal with the issue. "It of chemical and laboratory goods, said
went all a ro riate ceps to. may be-the case that Iraq is not as ad- ..the Government had no legal authority,
many thi -world nations. vanced today as being able to manufaa to intercept the shipment of chemicals,
Peter Hermes, the West German ~'~ gas weapons, he said. Intelli-
but did so only because the air freight
Ambassador in Washington, said in an , ence officials a that Ira mi t
~ g g~ q gh company agreed not to forward the
interview that the Kolb company had. not be able immediately to mass- gam, "We got the shipment stopped
been delivering what he termed "car- produce Tabun, but depicted that stage .,
leis facilities" to Iraq. "They have astbeing only `.months away ? ' because he_was a nice guy, the official
agreed to deliver a regular plant-for the In a report made public Monday, a ; ' mod' ~ '
production of pesticides," the Ambas-': United Nations team said it had found
sador said, adding that such equipment samples of Tabun as well as mustard
was not subject to special export licens- g~ during an on-site inspection tw
h-g its West Germany.. weeks ago in the war zone. The report
"Equipment for the plant," the Am- did not_ .specifically charge. Iraq with
bassador said, "isnot yet delivered and.
assembly is not completed. The whole'
plant is not ready for production. This
is all I know."
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
?
vmua rrmsmceroa?~
An Iranian soldier, believed to be a
victim of mustard gas, ? being
treated at a hospital in Vienna. ,' j
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~-`
~ ~ ~;~
O
~~ ~
V1
ABC ~ a" n ~ 5 fD
ry~ fD c
Q
CT' fD G ~' ~
~
N ~
.
.
t
D
V1 V1
K ~ ~ tU f~9 ~ ~ QOQ p ^~5 .. 2 ti ~ '~ QQ ry
v, f~"'3 ? As ' ~ ~?-' ~ p O 'C L1 O At !y .+ c Qq S r. .~ .~+ .a .-+ .?+ .< < ~ y ?'G ~-+~ m O y
c G- ~ ?' c
m w ~ '?'; < ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ~ c. c.~ ~ a ~ y a ~ ~ ~ ao O rD fD ~ K ~ c ~-'s ii ~?s a ?. c. K Q? ~ '- ~' o
^ c. ~ o ~
c
.
is good and Ten years of SALT treaties have bought the Sovi-
sometimes it is not so good. While the U. S. has been ets valuable time that they have used to develop their "
pla}ping balance-the-books with its reconnaissance sat- arsenal. They are now at the point of kicking over
ellite~program, the Sovieu have been sharpening their the Antiballistic Missile Treaty, as AVIATION WEEK
classic skills in building Potemkin villages. They are 8 SPACE TECHNOLOGY. senior military editor. Clar-
using concealment. They are using decoys. Simplest ence A. Robinson, Jr., reports in this issue (p. 14}. '
of all, they are operating at night when digital or The Administration itself is beginning to lay out
optical imagery is out of business.. the dimensions of the .problem piecemeal. An oppor-
Irrespective of how good or bad satellite imagery tunity is emerging for the President to organize the
is, there is the matter of coverage. If the satellite is impending eruption, to level with his constituents
not in the right place at the right time, high resolu- about what has to be done to clean up the reconnais-
tion.is academic. The numbers of reconnaissance sat- sauce satellite mess, to lay on the line the broader
ellites the U. S. is flying now are not nearly enough elements in what the quest for peace with security is
to verify an arms control treaty with a nation that all about and what has to be done technically, strate-
has aspecial high-priority department to mastermind gically and politically to get there.
concealment. --William H. Gregory
A~' Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 ,i
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
Soviets Acce%rate Missile Defense
C!A notifies President of heightened activity, which comes
as U. S. reconnaissance satellites face funding shortage
By Clarence A. Robinson, Jr.
Washington-President ~ Reagan has been
given evidence by the Central Intelligence
Agency that the Soviet Union is produc-
ing components for and has in place or
under construction the major elements of
a nationwide ballistic missile defense sys-
tem.
"The CIA's position on Soviet ballistic
missile defense activities is unusual in its
strength and clarity-an alarm bell that
we must watch the situation very closely,'?
a White House official said.
"The U. S. cauid be witnessing a Soviet
move to place itself in a position to abro-
gate the Antiballistic Missile Treaty and
rapidly deploy a system to defend key
.areas such as intercontinenta; ballistic
missile fields," the official added.
The USSR is permitted by the treaty to
operate a ballistic missile defense system
with up to 100 interceptor missiles and six
radars to protect Moscow. It also is per-
mitted research and development for de-
fensive systems and to apply advances in
technology to upgrade that system.
The U. S. has elected not to deploy the
defensive system permitted it under the
treaty. Either the USSR or the U. S. can
withdraw from the treaty with six months'
notice to the other nation if extraordinary
events jeopardize its interests.
Factors focusing U. S. attention on So-
viet ballistic missile programs include: .
^ Construction of new Pushkino
.phased-array antiballistic missile. defense
battle management radars. One .site is
north of Moscow, and others are under
construction. The radar has four faces
with .phase shifters to provide 360-deg.
coverage. It is I20 ft. high and 500 ft.
wide (Aw&sT Mar. 14, 1983, p. 26).
^ Pechora-class ballistic missile detec-
tion radars located at sites around the
periphery of the.Soviet Union, except for
one new radar located internally at Abala-
kova in the. vicinity of SS-18 interconti-
Rockwell international Mating Sections of First Production B-~B Bomber
Five fuselage sections of the first production Air Force/Rockwell International B?16 bomber, in addition to the vertical stabilizer, are in place at
Rockwell's new B-1 B final assembly facility in Palmdale, Calif. Swing wings for the aircraft are in foreground. B-1 B assembly operations began at
Palmdale Nov. 14 when sections of the fuselage were placed in mating fixtures. Rollout of the first production aircraft is scheduled for .Oct. 6.
~q Aviaeiart Week 8 Space Technology, January 16, 19d4
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0 _
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
nental ballistic missile fields. These
phased-arra}? radars are positioned for eac-
h' warning, detection and tracking.
^ Production of SH-04 and SH-08 nu-
clear armed interceptor missiles with de-
p1o}?ment of the weapons in silos around
Moscow as pan of improvements to the
svstem there. The SH-04 is an exoatmos-
pheric missile: and the SH-08 a hyperson-
ic endoatmospheric missile that together
provide weapons for a layered defense.
? Tests at Saryshagan of the SH-08 in-
terceptor in a rapid reload configuration,
firing two of the missiles from the same
silo within 2 hr.
^ Production of the Flat Twin tracking
and Pawn Shop missile guidance radars
for the SH-08 and SH-04 to forTn the
ABM-~ti-3 defense system. The radars are
designed modularly so that components
can be produced and stored until required.
They can be concealed and assembled rap-
idly for use in the system.
? Testing of the SA-12 surface-to-air
missile against ballistic reentry vehicles.
T -12 is called a strategic air defense
ballistic missile defense system
of the inherent dual-mode capa-
bility in the weapon.
^ Netting of command, control, com-
munications systems, air defense and bal-
listic missile defense radars with battle
management radars to tse together ele-
ments of a national defense system.
Soviets Deploy New SS-20 Missile Battery
Brussels-Soviet Union has completed work on another battery of nine SS?20 interme-
diate-range nuclear missiles since North Atlantic Treaty.Organization ministers met last
month in Brussels, according to U. S. officials.
A battery of the missiles had been deployed earlier, just prior to the meeting in
December and shortly after the Soviets had walked out of arms control talks in Geneva
Nov. 23. NATO's special consultative group on nuclear weapons said 108 SS-20
missiles carrying 324 warheads have been declared operational since the Geneva arms
control talks began in November, 1981. The latest battery is in the eastern portion of
the Soviet Union.
U. S. and NATO officials said there is no evidence any of the Soviet deployments have
been offset by reductions in other nuclear weapons. U. S. cruise and Pershing 2 missile
deployments in Germany and Britain have been offset by equal reductions in the
numbers of Pershing 1-A and nuclear Nike air defense missiles, according to James F.
Dobbins, chairman of the special consultative group (aw&S1 Jan. 9, p. 25).
The group continues to support a resumption of the Geneva negotiations, but said it is
the Soviets' responsibility to make the next move.
U. S. and European officials said delivery of equipment and training of personnel for
future Pershing 2 and cruise missile sites in Germany, Britain and Italy continues at a
steady pace. Schedule of operational dates for additional flights and batteries of missiles
has not been made public, but U. S. officials said they will be spread approximately
evenly throughout the five-year deployment period. That would mean the next set of
Pershing 2 missiles would be operational in Germany in May, and the next flight of cruise
missiles in Britain in June. -
U. S. Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko
are scheduled to meet in Stockholm Jan. 18 at the opening of the Conference on
Confidence- and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (CDE). Foreign
ministers of all NATO countries also are scheduled to attend.
The meeting is the only remaining forum for East-West negotiations since the Soviets
have refused to set dates for resumption of arms reduction talks in Geneva.
"Clearly, this conference does loom larger on the world scene than otherwise would
have been the case,'; James Goodby, U. S, ambassador to the CDE, said. He added,
however, that the CDE will not focus directly oh disarmament.
Main effort will be to negotiate agreements to increase the amount of information
available to each side about the other's military activities so war is not started acciden-
taliy, he said.
"It took a variety of sources and meth;, It took the U. S. more than 18 months
ods to piece together the mosaic the agen- to detect and photograph the large
cy presented," the official said. phased-array radar at Pechora, and mare
Evidence presented clearly shows that than a year after construction began at
the mutual assured destruction (MAD) Abalakova to detect construction of the
concept may be on the way out, a White radar there. Neither radar was detected
House official said. The President wane, until the U. S. was told to conduct recon-
as anoptimist, to offer the nation a way naissance of those areas.
out of mutual assured destruction through Cast overruns in developing and pro-
a U. S. ballistic missile defense system. ducing reconnaissance satellites such as
But the President concluded that the Sovi- the KH-11 digital imaging system, which
eu are doing ever}'thing they can with can relay iu imagery via satellite data
ballistic missile defense to bring the U. S. system spacecraft within an hour to
to iu knees, the of5cial said. Washington, has damaged the U. S. capa-
The President offered the hope of a bility.
damage denial ballistic missile defense sys- USAF is developing new, improved re-
tem last year, the official added, "but the connaissance spacecraft, and the service
bureaucracy is not responding to what he already is facing an approximately 5400-
wants," million cost overrun this fiscal year.
..The official said the Administration is Development of the KH-II resulted in
e as concerned over a lack "of na- an overrun of approximately S 1 billion;
hnical means to accomplish first- forcing the Defense Dept. to halt produc-
nnaissance of Soviet ballistic lion in film return spacecraft, such as the
m e defense developments." KH-8 and KH-9, with their higher resolu-
National technical means is a euphe- lion capability, to free the funds for appli-
mism for electronic ferret satellites and cation to the KH-11.
photographic reconnaissance spacecraft As a result, the U. S. has only two film-
used to monitor the Soviet Union, inc)ud- return reconnaissance spacecraft remain-
ing compliance by that nation with arms ing in .its inventory. The high-resolution
control agreemenu. KH-8 dips to .altitudes as low as 75:naut.
mi. over the target area to obtain imagery.
Beczuse of the expense involved, the
Defense Dept. and Central Intelligence
Agency are limited in the numbers of
KH-lls that can be maintained in space.
The U. S. is unable to obtain adequate
reconnaissance of the Soviet Union. "This
was demonstrated when we failed to dis-
cover construction of the large radars at
Pechora and Abalakova," the official said.
He added that a massive effort also is
under wa.y in the USSR to counter the
KH-ll's capability. "The Sovieu have
formed a camouflage, concealment and
deception program .called Maskirovka
[translation: concealing/masking)," he
said. "Until recently, it has been con-
trolled by Marshal N. V. Ogarkov, first
deputy minister of defense. and. chief of
generat staff (nwasT Dec. 12, 1983, p. 21).
"From various sources, we have been
able .to determine that the Soviets have a
large-scale production capability for the
components of a ballistic missile defense
s}stem, and with continued production of
weapons such as the SA-I2, within a year
or so they will be able to alter U. S. strate-
gic targeting."
The SA-12 svstem has atruck-mounted
radar with a 150-naut.-mi. range. A sec-
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 ,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
and Truck carries the missile launcher and
missiles, which can engage targets at alti-
tudes -as low as 300 ft. and as high as
more than 100,000 ft.
Tests with multiple SH-08s fired from
the same silo make deployment of the
interceptor a difficult situation for the
U. S.
The Soviets are permitted by the treaty
to deploy the missile around Moscow to
upgrade the capability there. The treaty
prohibits multiple launches, including test-
ing in that mode. If a rapid reload capabil-
ity is perfected, the number of missiles
defending Moscow could be doubled.
Balance of Power
The Soviets have a fundamentally dif-
ferent view of strategic weapons and-the
balance of power, according to the official.
The USSR is building awar-fighting capa-.
bility, starting with its offensive strategic
forces by modernizing them over the past
]0 years. "The U. S. has essentially limit-
ed itself to research and development with
ballistic missile defense technology while
the Soviets bought the time they needed to
develop a layered defensive system with
the ABM Treaty," the official said.
He added that the system now unfold-
ing in the USSR is not only one with
.overall improvements in each segment,
but one largely based on new technology.
Before the U. S. could declare that the
Soviet [Jnion is in the process of breaking
out of the ABM Treaty, evidence would
be required that serial production of inter-
ceptor missiles is taking place at high
rates, that radars are in full-scale produc-
tion and that construction of hard stands
for phased-array radars in the ABM-X-3,
system- is taking place, another Adminis-
tration official said. 3?
"Clearly the agency is not prepared to
go that far," he said. "What seems clear,.
however, .is that there is in progress a
pattern that places their activity very close
to the line in terms of a breakout," he
said.
Breakout in arms control community
lexicon means that a national ballistic mis-
site defense system is being covertly de-
ployed in violation of a treaty.."It appears
that the Soviets are close to that point, but
that they are positioning themselves to
withdraw from the treaty and then- deploy
the layered system," he said.
"We already see the long-lead-time
items such as the Pechora and Pushkino
radars taking shape all over the nation,"
the official continued. "The SA-12 missile
has been tested against reentry vehicles,
and with the dual-mode capability of the
SA-10, and SA-11 surface-to-air missiles
netted into a system, tactical antiballistic
missiles assume real importance."
There is still disagreement within the
U. S. intelligence community over wheth-
er the SA-12 is designed to destroy nucle-
ar-armed reentry vehicles from inter-
96
Payload Specialists
Washington-National Aeronautics and
Space Administration has selected four
payload specialist candidates to begin
training for shuttle Mission 61-D sched-
uled for January, 1986, to ffy Spacelab 4,
which is dedicated to life sciences.
The candidates are Dr. Millie Hughes
Wiley Fulford, assistant professor of bio-
chemistry, Veterans Administration Hospi-
tal, San Francisco; Dr. Francis Andrew
Gaffney, assistant professor of medicine
and cardiology, Southwestern Medical
School,-University of Texas Health Science
Center, Dallas; Dr. Robert'Ward Phillips,
professor of physiology, College of Veteri-
nary Medicine and Bbrr+eiiical Sciences,
Colorado State University, Ft. Co{lins, and
Dr. Bill Alvin. Williams, research scientist
group leader/toxicology,. U. S. Environ-
mentaL Protection Agency, Corvallis, Ore.
Two of the candidates will be selected to
conduct experiments on board the space-
craft during the seven-day mission, and
the other two will be flight alternates and
function as part of the mission manage-
ment and sciences team responsible for
controlling experiment operation on the
ground.
continental ballistic missiles or Pershing 2
reentry vehicles, making it a theater defen-
sive weapon.
Production of the Flat Twin radar, the
system that takes its NATO code name
from the two flat faces with phase shifters,
is considered the essential element in
whether the Soviet Union is preparing to
deploy a nationwide defensive system,
U. S. officials said. The Flat Twin radar
provides the final tracking of ballistic mis-
siles at reentry.
The Pawnshop radar in the system
takes its name from three spherical radar
antennas mounted side by side.
There is some evidence that the Flat
Twin is in production with its modular..
components, but the hard stands for the
radar have not yet appeared across the
Soviet Union in large numbers.
The Pushkino radar assigns targets and
ties together all of the elements of a BMD
system. Additional Pushkino radars will
be required before a full system is opera-
tional -
"This is a terribly important issue, and
a breakout or the potential for a breakout
is acute," another Administration official
said. "They (Soviet Union) are building
more large phased-array radars, but strict-
ly. speaking this may not be a violation.
And testing the SA-12 against reentry ve-
hicles may not be a violation, if the reen-
try .targets have the characteristics of a
Pershing 2: The violation here is one of
intent, if not one of the letter of the treaty.
It must be viewed in terms of what the
impact is on the overall strategic balance."
Members of the National Security
Council are calling for a major evaluation
of both Soviet offensive and defensive stra-
tegic weapons systems combined and how
they affect the balance between the super-
powers. "The arms control treaties tended
to divide offense and defense, and we have
not accomplished a study linking the two.
This gives us the perfect opportunity to
take a close look at the impact of linking
them," the official explained.
The Soviet Union is building the infra-
structure for a multitiered defensive pro-
gram, including the capability to deploy
space-based, directed-energy weapons for
boost-phase intercepts. The USSR also
has aground-based beam weapons pro-
gram that could be integrated with the
program.
There are three separate directed-energy
weapons complexes, each with a different
type laser device, at Saryshagan where
weapons tests against targets are being
conducted, including tests against reentry
vehicle targets.
Useful Defense
The Defense Dept. contends that a
U. S. ballistic missile defense svstem is not
useful unless it can destroy 99.9% of the
hostile warheads fired by intercontinental
ballistic missiles. "The Soviet Union, on
the other hand, believes that a system that,
can engage and destroy 40% of the at-
tacking force is worth deploying," the offi-
cial said. -
"The U. S. would have troubte now get-
ting its missiles to all of the targets
around Moscow, and with deployment of
SA-I2 in the vicinity of ICBM fields the
capability to respond, making a deterrent
credible, would be diminished," .the offi-
cial added. "What makes it even more
worrisome is that we know that .other sys-
tems that have not yet shown up are in
research and development."
Politics in an election year make it diffi-
cult for the President to call attention to
the Soviet Union's ballistic missile defense
program, and what appear to be violations
of the treaty-testing adual-mode air de-
fense/ballistic missile defense weapon
such as the SA-12 and deployment of the
radar at Abalakova where it can protect
ICBM fields. .
"Arms control is a growth industry in
the U. S., and we can sell anything in the
name of arms control, especially this year.
The U. S. tends to view the world in the
prism of arms control agreements and ne-
glect threats not specifically covered by
some arms control agreement," the official
said.
"We might find this year that we have
zero time to respond to an ABM Treaty
breakout by the USSR with no way to
provide in a timely way a parallel capabili-
ty. There is no way to accelerate a defen-
sive initiative in the U. S. to duplicate the
Soviet capability." O
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 ~T~T
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0`''5X1'
Next 41 Page(s) In Document Denied
Q
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~~ ~ I~~.E fi O =y~ED PHIL~'~E'LPHIA It1QUIRER
0:; P"C'E~- 7 April 1981+
~J.~. objects t~ ~ren~h offer
o~~ amines
B}' Alfcnso Chardy
lr~uir~r Kcshin?ton Fturtau
~::=.SHINGTOti -The United States
has exs resse~~ concern t France
concerning its offer to helmsremove
_rtires placed ir, Nicaraguanports by
CiA-backed re 1s. administration of-
ficials said yesterday.
The officials also said .France did
not consult the United States in ad-
vance. Since February,. the mines
have damaged at least seven foreign
ships, including a Soviet tanker and
2 J2D2IIeSe freighter.
France's offer was contained in a
letter, disclosed Thursday in Mana-
gua, Nicaragua, from French Foreign
Minister Claude Cheysson to Colom-
bian Pr esideat Belisario Betancur. It
said France would help Nicaragua
remo~~e the mines for "purely hu-
unitarian" reasons if "one or sever-
1 frendl}~ European powers" coop
orated.
The incident renews friction be-
tween V.'ashington and Paris over
Central America. In 1982, the admin-
istration sharply criticized the
French Socialist government for de-
liyering ,..ilitar} equipment to Nica-
ragua, a countn~ the Reagan adminis-
tration systematically denounces?as
the source of much o` the trouble in
the region.
"~~ e hati e raised our concerns with
the French," State Department ,
spokesi,an John Hughes told repori?
ors. "~"e have, ail along, been con-
corned with the large Soviet and
Cuban military relationship with
Nicaragua, and we would not favor
any nation's contributing to Nicara-
gua's abilit}~ to export revolution
with impunin~.>,
Hughes indicated that a French
decision to remove the mines would `
run counter to U.S. interests; adding
that the United States xas still uncer?
lain how far the French were pre-
pared to go.
"There are still some areas of
doubt about what the French in-
volvement might be and what the
French are prepared to do, and, in?
deed, what they are being quoted as
saying," he said:
Hughes did not say how U.S. con-
terns were conveyed to the French,
but other administration officials
said U.S. diplomats in Paris and State
Department officials here discussed
the; matter with French officials.
Asked whether the United Stales
would oppose France "directly or
militarily" if it disregarded U.S.
wishes and removed the mines,
Hughes "declined to comment. "We
are now delving into the hypotheti-
cal," he said. "Let events occur and
mature."
A]thougb the C1A's cover+ assis-
tance to the rebels, known as con-
tras, is widely discussed and was the
subject of intense debate this week
in the Senate, administration .offi-
cials refuse to comment on it direct-
11; saving it belongs in the realm of
classified intelli once.
Sources close to the congressional
intelligence committees said vester-
day, in response to Questions, that
C1A Director William J. Caseti~ re_cent?
~~ie~ed the Hpu%Q 5~,~}Q,c,~C~~,.mjl-
tee on Intelligence on the mining
operation. -
According~to those sources.~gy.,
and other CIA officials said at a
clq,ed session hat the min~w,,,~re
placed at the anpraaches to Corir#to ,
end Puerto Sandino ports o1 Nicara-
gun's Pacific coasi and El Bluff on its
Caribbegn coast.
The. sources said it was their un?
derstanding `that the mines were
placed by' a special counterrevolu-
tionary unit made up mostly of pea
ple not from. Nicaragua, though they
were Latin" Americans or of Latin
American or5gin. They said the unit
operated from -a -ship believed to
,cruise off the Nicaraguan coast.
During ,the Senate "debate this .
week about ari:additional S21 million
Sor the contras, which was approved
Thursday, Sen.~Barry M, Goldwater
tR,, Ariz.}; chairman of the Senate
Select Committete on lntelligence, in-
advertently referred to a document
apparently confirming that the ad-
ministration had directly authorized
the mining.
Goldwater later said such a docu-
mertdid not exist but a source with?
in his committee confirmed that
staff aides had prepared a classified
paper apparently linking the CIA to
the activit}.'. -
Goldwater's remarks did not ap-
pear in the Congressional Record,
which publishes transcripts of floor
debate. Congressional sources indi-
cated that on a request from the
intelligence committee, the remarks
were deleted.
STAT
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 STAT
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~+?'~ 1.l l: L$
.~3i' P~~
1~J.ASI~INGTON POST
7 Apri 1 1984
from suppoi~tng leftist rebels in EI Salvador. The
appropriation faces a stiff fight in the Democratic-
controlled House, which last year twice rejected
the request.
The $21 million appropriation is attached to
~ ]egisIation that includes $61.7 million in military
~~,: aid for. the government of El Salvador to fight
leftist insurgents there. -Rep. Dante B. Fascell (D-
o Fla.), chairman of the House Foreign
Affairs Committee, said yesterday
that he believes the House will be in-
dined to approve the El Salvador
the attached money for
a'd but that
"
B =Fred Hiatt and Joanne Oman
} g . 'the contras may make it very dif-
was~engcon ~iassarr wrlcers fiCUlt to pass it in the House."
The CIA has played a direct role in the laying Some officials indicated that there
of underwater mines in Nicaraguan ports that is concern within the administration
have damaged at least eight ships from various that the mining, which Nicaragua
nations during the past two months, according to ~ at#acked as state-sponsored "ter-
conb~ressional and administration sources. r
A combination of U.S.-financed guerrillas fight- rorism, will alienate U.S. allies and
ing the lefiist Sandinista government. of Nicaragua be seen as contrary to international
and more hi hl trained Latin American em to es _ pruiciples of open seas. There is also
of the CIA operating from CIA-owned speedboats concern that sabotaging the A'i-
have laid the crude bottom-lying mines in Corinto caraguan economy may alienate Ni-
and other ports, according to the sources. caraguans whom the CIA hopes the
hey said that tk~e mining opezaiion is part of a contras will win over.
ffart that began late last year to redirect the . `?I'here is always a delicate bal-
" as the anti-Sandinista guerrillas are ance that any insurgent movement
w=n, away from futile attempts to seize terri- ~ to strike, one senior official
tory and toward hit-and-run economic sabotage. :said.
The handmade acoustic mines, which explode There is evidence that U.S. allies
noisily but are unlikely to sink a ship, reportedly m Ewope have become increasingly
are intended to harass and discourage shipping unhappy about the mining and the
rather than blockade the harbors. Off cials said reported U.S. role in it. It was dis-
that they are having the intended effect, with Ni- closed Thursday that the French
caraguan coffee and other exports"beginning to government offered to help Nicara-
pile up on piers and imported oil running short. : gua, which has no mine-sweeping
The harbor mining began about two months :equipment, to clear its harbors if
avn cvith~itt. ar}vanrp nc~tificatinn of enneressional :other Ewopean nations join in.
intelligence committees but probably with the
general knowledge of President Reagan, according
to sources close to the intelligence community.
At the same time, the sources said, the CIA
began to assume a more direct role in training and
guiding the anti-Sandinista rebels, shouldering
aside the Argentinians and Hondurans who had
been playing a middleman role.
The increased activity coincided with a growth
in the strength of the contras from about 15,000
to closer to 15,000. The increase in strength,
which one knowledgeable sowce said was carried
out without congressional notification, came par-
ticularly among the forces of Eden Pastors in
Rica, to which an entire Sandinista battal-
f about 250 men reportedly defected.
yews of the more direct CIA involvement in
the "covert" war against. Nicaragua came as the
Senate approved an additional $21 million in CIA
support for the contras.. The administration says
the funds are intended to discourage Nicaragua
.. Lip~omatiec svurc;ea cviutrmeu yea-
aerday that the British government,
: in informal but regular contacts with
;the State Department, has made
clear that it, too, deplores the threat
:~ international shipping that min-
ing harbors represents. The British
':did not claim that the CIA is in-
';volved and did not offer to help re-
~move the mines. But British -offs-
' ?cials, stressing that they area sea-
faring nation, said they communi-
cated their concern as a matter of
:principle.
State Department spokesman
'John Hughes said yesterday that
;Washington has "raised our con-
cerns" diplomatically with the
French government about the re-
ports that France has offered to help
:the Nicaraguan government clear
:away the mines. He said that the
;United States was not notified in ad-
vance of the French offer.
? "Vi'e have all along been con-
cerned with the large Soviet and
:Cuban military relationship with
:Nicaragua. And we would not favor
:any nations contributing to Nicara- '.
gua's ability to export revolution,"
;Hughes said.
? Hughes suggested that there is
some doubt about the French inten-
tion to aid Nicaragua, despite the j
;offer contained in a letter from For-
eign Ministei Claude Cheysson to
'Colombian President Belisario Be-
~tancw. The letter was made public
'Thursday in the Nicaraguan news-
=paper Barricada, the voice of the
;Sandinista .National Liberation
:.Front.
' ~" Secretary of State George P.
?Shultz was questioned about the ,
~u~ining of Nicaraguan habors during
~a luncheon meeting Thwsday with ;
reporters and editors of The Wash- ~':
ington Post.
Asked whether Washington has
any control over the mining opera-
tions, Shultz said, "I don't have any
comment to make about that.?
Asked what the pwpose of the min-
ing is, he said, "You have to ask the
:contras about that .... It looks like
the purpose must be somehow to in-
ierrupt the commerce of the c~o~n-
try."
Although_ the official purpose of
the CIA-supported war is to discow-'
age Nicaraguan support for the left-
ist rebels in El Salvadora, adminis- ';
tration officials have suggested from ',
time to time that they also are in-
terested in making the Sandinista
government in Nicaragua more
"democratic" and less tied to Cuba
and the Soviet Union.
Critics have charged that the ad-
ministration is aiming to overthrow
the Sandinista ~ government, which
replaced a right-wing dictator in,
1979. Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D- ,
Mass.) called the administration's
aid bill "shameful and dangerous."
Sen. Joseph R. Biden Jr. (D-Del.},
a member of the Senate Intelligence
Committee, told his colleagues that
they would vote against the bill "if
you knew what Lknow." -
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
"You are right in opposing this
money going for the purposes alleg-
edly stated here because they ain't
the real reasons," giden said.
Nicaraguan officials have said that
ships from the Netherlands, Japan,
the Soviet Union, Britain and else-
where have been damaged by mines
in ports on both the Caribbean and
Pacific coasts in recent months. Ni-
caraguan radio said that the mines
are "highly sophisticated and man-
ufactured by the arsenals of the U.S. i
armed forces."
gut sources here said that they
are simple devices that can be man-'~
ufactured from easily obtained, "off-
the-shelf" materials. The mines are
triggered by the sound of a ship on
the surface and explode with a loud
bang that can cause extensive dam-
age but-unlike a fleeting mine-is
unlikely to sink a ship.
Although Miskito Indians and
both major contra groups have been .
involved in mining and attacking Ni-
caraD?uan parts, Latin American con-
tract agents of the CIA ?~ith skills in
fucu7g weapons and piloting boats j
also have. been involved, sources
ald. The sources said that the mines
an be heaved over the side of
speedboats.
One congressional source close to
the intelligence community said that
Reagan probably gave the mining "a
broad-brush kind of approval...
with no concern with the details."
Another said, "If the president didn't
approve it, then you'd have :a..real
story, and I don't think you have a
real story there."
One official said the mining has
caused concern among Reagan sup- ~
porters in Congress as well as the
administration, but added, "The goal
of this has been to put as much pres-
sure on them [the Sandinistas] as
possible."
The CIA became concerned late
last year', in part due to congression-
al pressure, that "very basically the
progress wasn't going forward at a
rate that was going to give us any
chance of success," one official said.
At that time, the Argentinians, who
were pulling out anyway, and Hon-
durans increasingly were supplanted
~' CIA employes in training and
irectinQ the contras.
In particular, the U.S. urged the
rebels to stop massing in large
groups to strike from Honduras and
capture territory, a tactic that gave
the Nicaraguans inviting targets for
retaliation. The rebels were encour-
aged to have small sabotage opera-~
tions instead.
Staff writers Michael Getter anal
Don Oberdorfer contributed to this
report.
2
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
N~ Tz c-L~ ~.~~~~
Gig rAG~~_~ 8 April 1931+
~~~F S~I~ TQ ~~~~C~
hfINI~C OF HARBORS
A60UNDMC.4RACUk
Nicaragua claiZlLS territorial waters
INI~OLVE~"ENT lS ASSAlLED~upta2oomrlesaffshare,butthel3nited
States respects only a I.~mile limit.
Americans on Ship Reportedly;
Oversee Latin Commandos
Who Place the Devices
A spokesman for the CIA Dale !Places the United States in "the absurd
Petersen said today tha,~the agency ~ pasrtron of IaytnQ minim that Western
would not oo menr rm t>,a mining_~ F~'~?-+?"an nat~one T-,ay~orne amend re-
operation or the involvementof Ames 'i move." -
~nS.~IlLellieence officials said Dry ~ Mr. Moynihan was referring to an
-
ff
b
F
----, o
er
y
rance, made public on Thurs-
vately that Americans involved in the .day, to help Nicaragua clear the mines. i
mulrng actrvrty do not enter Nicara- ;Britain told the Reagan Administration ~
guan territorial waters. I earlier this week that it disapproved of
Territorial Lim}ts Are Disputed the mining as an intez-ference with in-
ternational shipping
The intelligence ship that carries
Americans o;erates.oatsidethB IZ?mile
knit but well within the 2001-mile
boundary, Administration .officials i
said. The -high-speed boats travel
within a mile or two of the Nicaraguan,..,
coast. '
Based on the I2-mile limit respected i
by the United States, intelligence off2-
cials contended that Americans are not
~? By.PHILTP TAUBMAN
SPedal so The News YorY Times .
WASHINGTON, Apri} 7 - Ameri-
cans working for the Central , Intelli- j
Bence Agency on a ship off Nicaragua's
Pacific coast have been supervising the
mining of Nicaraguan harbors. in r~
!cent months, according to Reagan Ad-
marks the first time since the United ';
States began supporting Nicaraguan
rebels three years ago that Americans
have become directly involved in milt-
tary operatronsagainst Nicaragua,
The actual placement of the mines
onside Nicaraguan territorial waters,
they said, is handled by an elite group
of Latin American commandos who
~ use smaIl, high-speed boats to pene-
trateshipping lanes close to shore.
`Closer to Direct Conlrvntation' ~
The officials said that unlike ground j
operations inside Nicaragua cxmducted 'i
by rebel forces, which American advis-
directly involved in military operations
against Nicaragua but instead serve in'
an advisory capacity in international
The House Select Committee on In- ~
telligence was briefed about et~'mtntrr_g
operation within the last two weeks ac- ~
cording to members. '`here is wi e-
spread opposition among House Demo-
crats to the X21 million increase in cov-
ert aid .to the Nicaraguan rebels ap-
proved by the Senate this week, and the
miming issue is expected to .play a
major role in House debate on the
measure.
Mining Began 2 Months Ago
The mining of three Nicaraguan har_
burs, Puerto Corinto and Puerto
Sandino on the Pacific east and EI
Bluff on the Atl
antic, began two
;i
waters similar to the role of Americans :~ months ago without notification of Con-
based in Honduras who train and con- Byers, according to members of .the
time to help supervise rebel ground ~; Senate and House intelligence commit-
forces inside Nicaragua. tees, The mines have damaged vessels
Members of Congress,- including from six nations, including a Soviet
Democrats and Republicans, said the .freighter, since March i.
fact that Americans remain outside the The C.I.A., under federal law; is re-
12-mile limit does not lessen their re` i qm to `gy'p on r ~t in
sponsibility for the operation. {about the intelli Bence oDe_ rations,
"We have carefully monitored these i Memoers of Congress, although .j.?,;
activities to insure that, whatever else ! m--1e--y~e d~av rn thrs case~.,sa~d the
.agency could"-"reasonably have con_
happened, Americans didn't get into cIu t o
combat-type operations against Nica- roved an a im~crt~a~.
1? peration such as the mixing ~
ragua," a Republican member of the w~ it authonyed'f~~~~~~~~e
Senate intelligence committee said. covert ac~tivr~'ties~ag_aiist Nicaragua,.
1~Lh~ Y0~r, TI2~S
`Involved Directly'
The Senator, who asked to remain
anonymous, added: "That distineticrn
has now been }ost. When an American
is on the mother ship in a mining opera_
tion, he's involved directly in military
activities. It's irrelevant whether the
ship is in international waters."
ens monitor from Honduras but do not . j Neither the Senate nor House com-
control, the planting of the mines in '~ mittees were informed about the mom=
,' Nicaraguan waters directly involves ~ ine or the partici
3ati
f
r
an o
AmericaTG
~ Americans and is under their immedi- ~ un~rerent weekc`~ator n r,i l Pa _ ~ meY ~a> the mines and small, high_
ate control. ~ rick Moynihan Democrat of New York ; sP~ boats used to place them in ship-;
Members of the Senate and House in_ '; gnd_L'isK~Shairman of tht`~a~?yQle,~t' Frog lanes were transported to waters.'
telly eTrce committees said iir Committee on Intelligence said in an off Nicaragua aboard a larger vessel;
~` ~~ ?~' ' i that serF>es as the nerve center forthe'
the Americans constituted a sir~nificant ;' interview Fndav. "The mirring__must
~ be stopped and it will be stopped." He' o~rntton?-
? rh~e in C.LA. operations against -- !
-
'
sari tie enat~m
~m
tteP ha~~~y
1.i1~..~..~?~~~_~Qr
~..I.A~_officials to c3i~cuss the minting
Qyeratign. .
French and Britisls Apposition
Mr_ Mo~mihan, who earlier this week
vot m favor o ~vtrtg the C I, A. an
addrUOna1 ~Zl million to~~suP~rt Nica-
,~raguan i~e5e1 activities this vear'-sar~
Ile opposed the minor the und`s
~~..-..5~ . __
that it violates freedom Gt the s a~.~
Nicaragua _and, as on?~em,QCratic
Senator sar_ ?d, "crosses a thresblQl,t
brings us closer to a direct calLfrnnr~.
stratron offrcra~s said Atneri- ,
can technicians were involved in super_
wising the >zfining because relatively '
advanced equipment was involved.
They said three kinds of mines, ones
that respond to direct contact, .sound
waves and water pressure, have been
planted in Nicaraguan waters.
The mines, according to the Adminis-
tration officials, were assembled in
Honduras and EI Saly-adar with the ;
help of Americans. For the minir;g of
~..,..r.. ,.____ _
~OfItiRQ2d
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
?
Scup Modified by C.I.A.
' The ship, which was modified b~~ the
C.I.A. to support mtmnR operations
tamed both Americans and an elite
lllllt , 0~An1eI'1 an? ~' O.~~T'e
trained to plant mines .bv tlig?U,r~ited
State, according to t]~e Administration .
officials.
Tne actual planting of the mines in
:harbor approaches was done by the
Latin Americans, the Administration
officials said, following plans prepared
by Americans aboard the headquarters
ship.
Admististratian officials said that if
the mining operation is suspended be.
cause of Congressional oppasitian, the
mines already planted would not pose
an indefinite threat to shipping because
they are programmed to become inop-
erable afrterseveral months.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
AR ~ ~L~~ ~pP~i"~
,,.~~
G . n~~
?
~ Ap: it 1984
~~~~~~ ~'~~~~~,.~ America. The Administration was
reported to have. drawn up a contin-
~~ ~,~~~~~ ~~ gency plan to send American troops
into combat if the Salvadoran Army
~`,~~~~~~ ~~~~,.~~~ Proves unable to defeat the rebels.._
Talk of direct intervent}on may )3e
The Reagan Administration got }ts intended to elicit more cooperation
emergency aid package for Central on Salvadoran aid from Congress.
America through the Senate last According to Congressional" and
week after two weeYs of debate and a Administration sources, the United ;
dozen Democratic attempts to re- States is already playing a direct
duce, delay or glace conditions on it.' , role on another Central American
The provision for. 861.75 million in front. The Central Intelligence
military funds to EI Sa}vador and I'll Agency was said to be supervising
million to rebels fighting the Nicara- 'and providing equipment for the Iav-
guan Government ma}> have an even .? ing of mines in Nicara?wan_ports as
rougher time in the Democratic-cor,- part of a strategy of economic sabo-
trolled. Douse. rage. This was believes'-.~be a shift
Unswayed by the Administration from the thus far vain ;.~te~ts by
contention that the Salvadoran Army Nicaraguan rebels to capture and
was dangerously low on supplies, hold on to territory.
Rouse Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill
Jr. said. he opposed further aid. In
any sass, he was in no hurry to
schedule debate, putting it off until
after the Easter recess ends April 23.
There is a split among Democrats,
some favoring aid to EI Salvador,
others seeking at }east a delay until
they see who wins El Salvador's
presidential runoff, tentatively
scheduled for May 6.
However short the Salvadoran
Army may be of such things as bul-
lets, it reported stepped-up activity
and some success last week. In an of-
fensive in northern ?Chalatenango
province, the Defense Ministry said,
19 guerrillas were killed and 15
wounded. In the east, a guerrilla
commander named Carmelo Garcia
Guevara and eight of his" men were
reported killed in an ambush.
Muth of the Senate debate re-
flected fear of direct United States
military involvement in Central
Henry Giniger-
aad "Mist- Freadenheim~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~i Z C%T
Q5 PAGB /
?J.~. Bidn't
LOS Ali GELES T IbIES
9 April 1981+
In a related devel'opznenf Sunday, David Brinkley," said "the Defense Department has
the State Department, expressing drawn up no contingency plans for possible U.S. military
concern that Nicaragua might try to intervention in Central America.
use the In_terriational Court of Jus- ?There is no plan of that kind, nor is there any
~ lice as apropaganda forum, an- necessity for if,,": ~'i'einberger said.' "` ' '
~~~~~ ~ a pounced that the Unified States x?ili ",You plan for the kinds of things that you may have to
~ not accept the court's lunsdictton an do, and for the things that are part of the strategy of the
_ _ . _
Central American disputes. -_- -. United .States and our strategic priorities and objec-
_
~ - ~ U.N. Leader Notified fives-and this is not one of them," hesaid
The. Court, familiar~v called the ' 'Disagreement on Statement
. World Court, is a L.IV. body based in Another Administration official. however. said that
~~,~~ ~ ~OIl2DIt'I2t 4II spokeswoman, Kat2ileen ~.Iang_.,said ~ plans covering most parts of the world-but that none of
!!-~~ ,t t _ U.N. Secretary Genexal,Javier Per; ! them is considered "active."
PQS~ib~e irl~ RUIe ez de Cuellar,was notified Friday of He indicated that this was what Weinberger appaz-
theU.S decision ;~:r~ ,:,E.i- -, .: entiymeant.. ~<
III ~'~e~ragua ~laStS "webeliev,ethat,asevioerrcedby "We've got plans for almost everything," the official'
appeal: to
I~at~ons
the .I~n3t
their
d
i
i
"B
h
'
-
_
.
e
.
ut .t
ere
s no act
sa
d.
ve planning for use of U.S.
_ _ J ~. Security _,Council, :recent ` Nicara- troops in a combat role in Central America."
B~? DOZE ZticbiAts[7S; __
Z'~'AS~iINGTON-Secreta~~ of
Defense Czti'hile the British Embassy :,
didn't file a formal protest, it did express ~I
concern to the State Department.
' Since the U.S. isn,'1 formally at war with
Nicaragua, the CIA`s role raises broader
auestlons about American involvement in
;what could be construed as an ille al block~
'. ade: President Johnson's a ministration
u>ent through a similar internal dispute in
the mid-1960s when it considered but decided
against. mining harbors in North Vietnam.
k'lining was carried out years later by Presi?
dent Nixon, but. the Vietnam year had long
since become a major conflict.
Mr. P.ubin, who served as a Pentagon
lawyer under Mr. Johnson, said a clear
state of belligerency is a requisite for an in-
ternationally legal blockade, which he said
also must be announced and clearly out-
lined. "A blockade is a belligerent right
only," he said. "To be legal, a blockade has
to be declared and it has to be effective."
it has to be effective." ,
pining must stop or the administration ,
losing Senate support .for the-larger
. caragt:a program. _ - ~ -
Officials at the 14'orld Coiirt, known for- '
mally as the International Couri of Justice,
said in the Netherlands yesterday they
weren't aware of the filing yet. But the State
Department said a complimentary notice
had been filed with the court late Friday as
well. After inquiries a=ere made by The 1~ra11
Street Journal, the State Department's new=s
office released an official statement explain-
ing the action and sa}=ing the withdrawal
was necessary to preclude the court's being
"misused.''
The withdrawal applies to disputes "with
any Central American state or any dispute
arising out. of or related to events in Central
America.," the statement said.
"Obviously some peop}e may take it that
way but it is not an admission of guilt," said
a State Department counsel familiar u~th
deliberations leading up to the decision.
Britain, Australia, and India have Taken
similar steps in the past, he said, but it
marks the first time for the L'.S., which only
a few years ago itself went to the court seek-
ing recourse in the Iranian hostage crisis.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
I~'~' YO.KK TINS
i0 ~,pril 1981Y
.~ ~ r~s~ ~~ ~Ioc~
~c.~ ~~~ .~~b~~s,
Edward M. Kennedy, Democrat of
Massachusetts, introduced asense-of=
Congress resolution today that would
bar the use of funds for mining Nicara-
guan harbors and require the Adminis-
tration to accept World Court jtuisdic-
tion over American activities against
Nicaragua, In an effort to attract more ~
support; Senator Kennedy divided the
resolution so there would be separate
votes an th
e
p
ss
caragua to aban-
~~, j~,~~~ ~ ~~~~~~ don its support for guerrillas in El Sal-
. ?t ~ vador.
mmmg Issue and on. the
By PHILIP TP.UBMAN ! -Court on Friday that it wou]d not as World Court. The Senate is expected to
s~~wr~ r~ Y~Tim~ cept the court's jurisdiction in disputes vote on both issues Tuesday.
{ involving Central America for the next The latest wave of opposition to the
WASHINGTON, April 9 - The :two years.
SDPa RPr of r1,e v_.___ ..- ~ _ _ _ - - nnrcinn ,-r
I ~ i.ciu ~r., sano today that the Reagan Position on court jurisdiction under
( Administration's request for R21 mil- ~ mined " 38 years of. U.S. support for
Iion in new aid to Nicaraguan rebels ' peaceful r?esolutiori of disputes between
would not be approved by the House. -~ nations."
Mr. O'
Neill said that the re
"I can't conceive of it
rt
ed~
,
~
_
-
passing the
peared in news reports during the last
i Hotnse," Mr. 0 Neill, a I~a~~aCt,,,~p,?,-~ ~ ~ eme'nt of the C.I.A.~n tl~~izvz~4f
week
~.:cu~ uays a5 trle mir~t#Q Of NiC~raerran
harbo__ rs became a rnaior ictLe. Details
about the operation, based on inform~-
Iion provided by both Administration
officials and members of Congress, ap-
. i
..,~, a u.a.r, naroors removed any yes:
DemoCr`at .._..,.. ~ --------._~___.--- ~~~Ltaltzirig,_gltich Mean xhnnr t~
said at a news conference. tige of justification for the covert ac-
Mr. O'Neill and Repr?esenrar;vP r iivities. t`U to this months ago, has been supervised by
P point,"Nit. 0Neill -
~''r.~nt, the maiority lea~~r ~~'d that t said, "I have contended that the Rea_ Americans working for the C.I.A. on an
i __ intelligence ship off Nic2,~~?a's pa_
resorts of the involvement of the Cen- '. gan Administration's secret war ~ifc_coast accord o
tr~1 Intellioerce A_g_en~y ~ the uun agamst Nicaragua was morally rode-,
~?`_ ,g I t~tQ th~~ffi~als
of >tricara~an harbors had killed an fensible. Today it is clear that it is le- erns members of Con_ recs.
chance that the finan ------~ ; galty indefensible as well." The actual placement of the mines
would be approved. The Republ can-. i ~ inside Nicaraguan territorial waters,
No Aid in House Bill .they said,? was handled by an elite
con*solied Senate a
'
roved the bill last Mr? O
Neill and other House Demo- ;group of Latin American commandos
~'~k? cratic leaders were considerin the. who use small, hi -s
~ boats to
possibility today of refusin to meet netrate shi ~
Money Reported Ruaning put g pe piling lanes close to shore.
with the Senate to resolv
diff
^
e
erences The mines have damaged vessels from
~b~?~.mitu~trztion officials, in the supplemental aDmm~r;ar,nn t,;ri ~.e... ,
They warned that a cutoff of funds
would leave an estimated 12,00(1 rebel
troops in disarray and bring to an end
the Reagan Administration's three-
year effort to
re
Ni
The United States, ?in anticipation of
to gain House aoorovat t ~ ... million for the rebels. The goose bill inj
- aid that the
C.1.A. would }~ave to begin r~ ?c1ud~ no money for the insurgents. A
supyo;-t for tr,E yicar~guan reels by decision to boycott such a meeting
Ln`? end of the~n~~sth, Administration v'`o~d kill the bill.
officials have sa a that without the ~?~ally, when the two houses pass
additional ~1 million, financing for the bone representatives from each meet
covert ~cti~~ities against Nicaragua in a conference committee to try Lo
would run out before summer. work out a compromise. House leaders
In 1.iiarni, a Cuban_American told a said that if a conference committee
gathering of Central An-,erican Gov_ was formed and the Senate insisted
ernment and business figures that they. that the ill million be included in the
should begin a publicity campaign to final bill, the House would not approve
correct what be called the media.dis-~ ' it. The House voted twice within the
totted picture of the situation in Cen- last year to end financing for the Nicer-
tral America. He was res g raguan rebels, but $24 million in aid for
what a 1 p dm to the current fiscal year was subse-
PP?~'ed to be the dee concern ~ quenly approved as part of an omnibus
of many of the group's predominantly ,spending bill.
cons_rvauve members that Congress In an effort to reverse the Senate
:might delay or cut appropriations 'for ,vote in favor of the ~'Ll million, Senator. ~
economic and military aid to the r?e-
gion. ,
Administration officials, saying they
were disappointed and angered by the
collapse of legislative support for the
Nicaragtnzn rebels, blamed Congress
for unauthorised disclosures about the
.mining that appeared in published re-
ports in recent days. _
? --
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part ~-, ~Span~itized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
AK1 1 C~ ~1~'" ~''~' ~'~~.LI..~ S 1 `~~F'`?' v ~'1Tt111.~~
OIY PAGE .~-- 10 April ly8!+ .
Orl Nicaragua ~ age gnu destruction." He added hat the
sources say the operation is being~carrui d
U.S. effort to withdraw from the iurisdiction
our y se -containe units of Salvadorans
o t` f - ~e o
ld
"
r
Court is a
clear manifestation
an of er tin Americans from outside
o ne`t' _rvousn, s~'' _ t..iLkould.lnse_z &QUrt
Nicaragua.
U.S..1lTining of Ports Creates' ,case.
According to sources, the mining opera-
A~f the State Department, senior officials
tion was the subject of a National Security ~
indicated that if the court rules that the U.S.
Planning Group meeting v,~ithin the Reagan
Strong House Opposition ~ i hasn't given adequate reasons for ~dthdraw-
administration in February, yet the Senate
To Funding for Guerrillas ~ ; ing, Washington could try another approach.
committee was uninformed of the matter
' These officials said that under a U.S.
weeks later at a hearin
Mar
h L U
d
Apart from the Nicaragua request, the
t','hite House is seeking X61.5 million in milt- >"
tan' aid for EI Salvador. Bui .unless Mr. e`
1t~iitten's objections are met, the entire bill
i
lik
s
ely to be shelved until after the spring
'recess beginning at the end of this week.
Even some earlier Democratic support-
? orc of tho .,.i ?-.:.,;..c.,.. ~: ~...,_ n__`__.
ources say Americ 1 b
an nersonne a oard
a ship contrcl}ed by the CIA in the Pacific
Ocean are overseeing the minim operation,
rich began Late in Febr~arv and has tar-
geted three Nicaraguan Worts. Though anti-
Sandi_nsta insurgents aided by the Cia have
g
c
n
er a
1980 law, the president is re ui
a red to fully
inform" congressional intelli ence commit-
tees of operations abroad in "a timely fas -
ion." And the failure to notify the panel has
'infuriated senators embarrassed by the
news disclosures on the mining and CIA
_role.
"1 think the fur will fly," said a senior
senator on the committee. while the presi-
dent has enjoyed broad bipartisan support in
the panel, there is serious opposition to the is
mmmg because of the direct role reportedly
played by the CIA and the question of
~~=hether the U.S. is violating international
law.
On the Senate floor, the controversy sur-
rounding the mining operation has prompted
liberals to reopen debate on the Nicaragua ~'
u~ar. Sen. Edward Kennedy (D., Mass.) '
seized the floor in the midst of deliberations ~
~n a tax bill last night io offer an amend-
ment opposing the mining and the decision
to v~ithdraw from the jurisdiction of the
World Court. Sen. William Cohen (R., i
Maine) and Sen. David Durenberger (R.,
declaration made in 1946, when the U.S.
;n;r,nri *ho ,,,.,.~. ~~,....,.:_~___ _. ...
Committee who backed funding last week,
indicated they would support Mr. Kennedy.
Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker (R.,
Tenn.) said the vote on the amendment
could be close.
bor. Kennedy said: "This policy defies all
logic, it defies al] reason, and it defies all
policy were raising objections to the minino 4 i'dw. i am convinces tnat the only way we
b F ~ are going to halt this military escalation is
:operation and to the 1~'hite House decision ; :with Congress."
on Friday to u-ithdraw the U.S. from the ju- I Soon after the first disclosures of CIA ac-
risdiction of the ?'orld Court on Central I ? ~___.~_ ~ . , .
America matters. But administration
spokesmen brushed off these attacks, and
~ insisted current U.S. policies are both sound
and legal.
The ~i'hite House policy faces additional
scrutim, however, even m the Republican-
controlled Senate. '.~~iliiam Casey, director
of the Central Intelligence Agency, has been
1' Miguel D'Escoto Nicaragua's foreign
eI7~OCratS .~.SSaII S
!;minister. said at a news conference here
~ ~ that U.S.-sponsored covert activities have
~' " cost 1\~caragua mare than 1,300
eagan s 0~1c~7 ~hvesean3unes to many Imes t at num er
once Committee this afternoon for
notice to the United Nations that it was v,~it -
drawing from )urisdiction of the World
Court for any disputes arising from itc a,~?
bons in Central America.
And Nicaragua announced yesterday that
it filed suit against the U.S. in the court,
asking the court to declare illegal all U.S.-
backed insurgent acti~~ties against Nicara-
gua. The Sandinista government also asked
~ the court to order an immediate end to U.S.
support of the insurgents, known as "con?
i tras." .
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
?
f,~zz c>p ~ DP EAxEI~
9A PAGE ~ - 1 :_
WASHINGTON TIA1ES
]0 April 1984
~on~overs~ heated over '~JV~r~~
By Timothy Elder
TNe WRSriINGTON TIMES
The Reagan administration
found itself in a heated public
debate yesterday with Nicaragua
and congressional leaders over
~rhether i2 should recognize World
Court jurisdiction in the conflict
betweer. the Sandinista regime and
rebels seeking to topple it.
At the same time, it also faced
attacks from both quarters over
charges that the United States
played a part in the mining of Nica-
raguan waters.
1\Ticaraguan Foreign Minister
Miguel d'Escoto interrupted talks
with Reagan administration offi-
cials to announce that his country
had, as expected, filed suit in the
World Court, now known as the
International Court of Justice, to
seek.an end to L'.S. support of anti-
c munist rebels in his country.
e ?~'ieara an action follo?~ed
hed re orts over the weekend
ne administration and Con-
gressional sources as savin that
the CIA ha supervise t e minim
of three Nicaraguan ports by anti-
anamtsta err as.
Even be ore eT~'tcaraguan suit
was filed, however, the Reagan
administration informed the court,
which is based in The Hague in the
Netherlands, that it would not rec-
ognize its jurisdiction in cases
.involving Central America for the
next two years.
Congressional sources vesterdal~
~Qndemne~i hoth the CTA
involvement in the mining and the
exclusior, of the World Court from
the Centr American conflict.
They predicted that the develop-
ments a -t e an ~ chance t at
the ouse might approve a mints-
Isation requests for additional
funds for the CIA's activities in sup-
~ort of the rebels.
_ State Department. spokesman
John Hughes said the administra-
tion action with the World Court
u~as intended to prevent Nicaragua
turning the court into a "pro-
da forum"
Coins ~
Mr. Hughes also indicated that
the administration did not want to
have to answer questions from the
court about al]eged U.S. intelli=
Bence activities in Nicaragua.
"?re think there are other, more
appropriate avenues..The Con-
tadoraprocess for settlement of the
dispute on a regional basis is where
we would like_to see this activity.:
take place," he said.
"Contadora is not a court of iaw'_
and the.U.S. is not a part of the Con-
tadora process," Father d'Escoto
countered while speaking at a news
conference at the Nicaraguan
Embassy. He vowed that the
Managua government would go fOr=
ward with its court action even
without U.S. participation. '
The Contadora group, including
Panama, Venezuela, Mexico and
Colombia, has been attempting to
negotiate peace and the end of out-
side interference in the affairs of
the Central American isthmus.
House Speaker Thomas P. "Tip"
O'Neill called the administration
move io exempt its activities in
Central America from the World
Court's jurisdiction "shocking" and
said it undermined "38 years of U.S.
support for the peaceful and lawful
resolution of disputes between
nations."
Mr O'Neill and House Majority
Leader Jim Wright, D-Texas, pre-
dicted that the House would reject
an administration request for S21
million to help finance covert oper-
ationsin Nicaragua,
_ __ _.--
Sen. Charles H. Percy, R?Ill. and
chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, called a
closed meeting of the committee
today for a briefing on the mining,
the World Court action and reports
of a contingency plan for sending
U.S. troops into Central America.
Public hearings may be held later,
he said.
"I just don't know ~ti~here the sen-
sitivity is in a case like that," A4r.
Percy told James Michel, deputy
assistant secretary of state for
Western Hemisphere affairs, who
was testifying on proposed U.S. aid
to Central America.
"I think we are all put in an
extraordinarily difficult position,"
Mr. Percy said. "I ~?ill certainly
expedite the hearing on this, and I
assume it will be a warm hearing,
to put it mildly" -
Mr. Michel told the committee
that while other countries, includ-
ing Canada, India, Britain and Aus-
tralia had previously exempted
themselves from World Court juris-
diction in certain cases, this was the
first time for the United States to do
so.
Rep. Michael D. Barnes, D-T\Sd.
and chairman of the House Foreign
Affairs Subcommittee on Inter-
American Affairs, said his subcom-'
mittee will hold immediate ~
hearings on what he called "this
shameful episode" regarding the
World Court.
Seven ships, including a Soviet
oil tanker and a Japanese freighter,
have been damaged by the mines in
recent creeks. Cre??men from the
Soviet and Japanese ships ~e~ere
injured in the explosions.
Administration officials have
cited Nicaraguan ~~.pport of Marx-
ist guerrillas in El Salvador since
1979 in defendine CIA activities in
support of theanti-Sandinista guer-
rillas to Nicaragua.
White House spokesman Larry
Speakes denied published reports
that contingency .plans had been ~
prepared for sending U.S. troops to :.
Central America if events there
continued to deteriorate and
threatened U.S. vital interests.
"?~e don't have any contingency
.plans that would involve U.S. troops '
in Central' America," Mr. Speakes
said.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
ARTICLE A.pPEARE-
' pA PAGE WASHINGTON TIMES
' 10 April 19II4
~'a~ Meagan bid to aid
?e~~~s ia~ IOTicaragua
By Thomas D. Brandt
THc WASMWG70N TIMES
Defeat is certain for President Rea-
. Ban's pending request for 521 million in
aid for Nicaraguan rebel activities,
according to leaders of the Democratic-
controiled House.
tT,%eekend news accounts that earlier
allocations of funds~er~zsPd h__~= ih.e
CIA to mine Nicaragua's main harbor
"aC;ds ruel to the fib." 5~l IV~a~ority
Leader Jim R%right, D-Texas,
"I ca,-~'t conceive of it passing the
House," said House Speaker Thomas P.
O'Neill, D-Mass., who pointed out that
the House has defeated a similiar fund-
g request on two earlier occasions.
ep. Edward Boland. D-A ass., chair-
man of the Intelligence Committee that
has CIA oversieht also opposes the
funds. accordtn>; to A4r. O'1\eill who said
he talked ??ith Mr. Boland about the mat-
ter r??ice over the weekend.
Last weekihe Senate rejected two
amendments which vlould have killed or
limited use of the S21 million.
The funds for CIA covert operations
erg c9_r, ai~re.C e enc~,report
that also includes 561.7 million in mili-
tarti?aid or El Salvador.
Mr. O'Neill said he hopes to bring the
report to the House floor before Con-
. gress adjourns for Easter on Friday.
The level of House support for the
Salvadoran. aid is uncertain, and opposi-
tion to the Nicaraguan part of the pack-
age could be strong enough to sink both
if they are tied together, according to
several congressional sources. How-
ever, the conferees could send them to
the House floor under conditions that
allow them to be voted on separately.
Mr. l~~right, who supports the Salvo-~
doran aid, said several members have
told him over the last few da}'s that they
mill no longer support the Salvadoran
~unding reouest because of the recent
criticism by President Reagan of con-
gressional involvement in foreign
affairs.
The mining of Nicaraguan waters and
the Reagan administration's decision to
remove its Central America policies
fram World Court jurisdiction provoked
a furor in Congress yesterday, as Nica-
ragua appealed to the international
community to halt U.S. support for anti-
government guerrillas.
Even before 1\'icaragua petitioned the
International Court of Justice in The
Hague for assistance, the United States
announced it would not recognize the
court's right to rule in any cases involy-
ing Central America for the next two
years.
House and Senate hearings into the
Nicaraguan situation were scheduled.
Seven House members introduced a
resolution demanding an immediate
end to the mining of Nicaraguan har-
bors, which congressional sour,. s sa~~
was carried__out b1_C~~3._.agenzs. The
State Department refuses to comment
on the CIA's reported involvement.
Sen. Charles H. Perc}=, R-Ill., called a
closed meeting of the Foreign Relations
Committee today for a briefing on the
mining, the World Court action and
news reports of a contingency plan for
sending U.S. troops into Central
America..He said public hearings may
follow.
Mr. Percy, the committee chairman,
said he was "surprised and shocked" to
read of the developments in his newspa-
per without first being notified by the
administration.
"I just don't know= where the sensitiv-
ity is in a case Like that," he told James
Michel, deputy assistant secretary of
state for ~~'estern Hemisphere affairs,
who was testifying on proposed U.S. aid
to Central America.
"I think we are all put in an
extraordinarily difficult position," hSr.
Percy said. "I will certainly expedite
the hearing on this, and I assume it will
be a warm hearing, to put it mildly." I
Mr. Michel told the committee the !;
United States had never previously
moved to exempt itself fram World
Court jurisdiction, but that Canada,
India, Britain .and Australia formerly
had done so. ~
Senate Minority Leader Robert C ~
Byrd, D-~'V.Va., denounced the minin~as
an act of,~errorts~- - ,~-' '1Y j
would oppose am' future assistance to i
the N~caraguazl-x~elc ~Psa,~ce of the
CIA's_reported involvement in the min-
ine
Senate Majority Leader Howard
Baker, R-Tenn., yesterday said he wants
an administration briefing on the har-
bor mining situation.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
r.::. ~ .,:.,.:. r;. ~~.~ n~ ti ALL S'I'r:~T Jo'JRi~~T,
o~~ ; .-.., ~__~~_ 11 Apt i 193
'mate ~jotes
~ndto It~ining
~n + Nicaragua
Resolution, Approved 84-12,
Expected to Force Reagan
To Stop CIA Operation
B}' DA1?ID ROGERS
Sla ~f j3~.yOnCr D(THE W ALL STREET TOURI~AL
~~:?S1.L'~~GTON -The Republican-con-
trolled Senate, ir, an embarrassing defeat
fcr President Reagan, voted to end U.S. sup-
por, for the mining of ports in Nicaragua.
~'crn??two Fepublicans ioined 42 Dema-
cr 2ts to pass the non-binding resolulinn in
an *=-'_~ roll-cal? vote. The large margin re-
fiec~s ;1,= u~despread op*~o~i,Ii ?n In (~~no-ress ~
to the ce~~ert operation. which is being di-
recten ov the Central lntelli~ence AQencv.
A senor Republican on the Intelligence
mgr.-:~ttee said the administration v'ill be i
reed to stop the mining given the size of ~
e vote. "I'rn com'inced they'll have to
from the size of this."
The zc*.ion carne zfter a series of closed-
door briefin , by CIA Director t~'illiam
~~?r ~~ t~F ,~;u,~.~~eration..Ea~e ..?~.L
certzin defezt. the 15;tite House late vester?
cav afternoon released Republicans to vote ,
for t:,e resolution, which the administration
pr~~ia=.~~~~' had hoped to kill.
Sen Edward Kenrlgdy___(.D?_-JSI.asS) 1
a~ F~ ;r turn to tem~ril~~~dzav,;~-'
second nro;-ision opposir.Q fire administr~
tior, s decision to u~fFi~au from th~~r
dicU~n e` the 1'~orld Court regarding any ac?
tio.^.s it Cxntral America. The legal action
a~zs tatter asi u?ee ; m ant~cipatton of Nica-
ragua's suit filed Diondav to blpc};~.h in?'
irg ~.^d attacks on its territor ~._.. _....,.. _......r... ,.
Byrd said the law "requires that flop as an act of "collective self-defense" withi the
~. we be told about these ? (mi.ning) unnamed Central American nation he said -
~eaz-s Cutoff of Aid
blzt can't Rule Out
I~Te~ CIA O~erat~on
operaUans.... We were not told. Congressional sources said Dam was apparently:
T'ne director of the Central Intelli- referring to either El Salvador or Honduras, both of .
Bence gency as faiTe3~-to` act=in a.~~ have accused Nicaragua of aiding leftist guerril-
violation of the taw;" ~ by then ~~~~ :.:. , .
Althouah Bvrd charmed that Cac- ; ~th p~publy~s and Democrats in the House said
e~ failed to inform the~enat~ i)Zey were angry=.that President Reagan had authorized
Intelligence Committee members . the mining without consulting Con
ress and
redicted
g
p
By DOYLE Mc1~..ANUS, - - of the panel said that the CLA chief !that the House will block the Administration's request
had, in fact, briefly mentianed min-
Tianes St~f} Writer for $2I million in' new support for .rebels fighting .
ing in testimony before them but Nicaragua's leftist regime. _
WASHINGTON-The ..Reagan -few had pursued the matter. .: ?'Tt doesn't have a chance," cid House 'Speaker.'.
Aaministration; fighting to save its Questioned by f,eaT~v ... 'T'homas P. (Tip) O'Neill Jr. (D-Mass.), who also-called..
covert war against Nical~gua from . - i the mining-"terrorism at its worst.." The mines have
a threatened cutoff of funds, .is ~ One of those who did ouestior. ~ damaged.at least six merchant-ships and caused at least
considering an .end to further min- ' CIA officials further on the issue, five injuries, but no deaths. ,
ing of Mica.*agua's harbors but.has ? Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (D=Yt.) said ?Z ink it's down the drain," Rep. L?lympia J. Snowe
made no final decision, officials said he had believed that all members of of Maine, a moderate Republican member of the. Haase
Wednesday. ~ ~ t-FFe_~aneI as en orm~de ~~e Foreign Affairs Committee,. said..
Deputy Secretary of State~ep- C~ role in the mining but that he :gowever, the House .appeared .unlikely to take any
neth R~. Dam and otberAdministrrG- .then had learned that he was. "one ` defuiitive action before its .two-week Easter recess
tacn officiai~ told Gon ess that the o a sm er number than I~oug2it -- _: ...
?~ _ begins Fnday; congressmen said..:"
Cf~i-directed rninin~ w s com feted ! w o na been ne
~ Q :Rep. Michael A. Barnes (D-Md.}, chairman of the,
onth
accardin to
' B
rd also said h
"
s
o
-
,
y
e .was
congres
-
c
n
FareignAffairs subcommittee an Latin America, said he
wFia 'often ed a'cloGed-door ! cerned" about the .President's role its the House to approve the-resolution condemn-
_in~ on the issue.. ~ in the raining. "If he didn't know; it trig the .mining .today but _to put off the fundug issue
But Admirastratiari officials re- scares me. If he did know, it scares'., until as late as I~ay.-The House resolution is identical to
fused to rule out new mining opera- ?me," Byrd said "Who's in charge if the :measure passed by the Senate on Tuesday. One
bons in the future, angering some he didn't know? If he did know, why committee Republican aissented in the House Foreign
moderate Republicans as .well as did he enter- into an act that is .in ' Affairs'Committeevote on the measure.
Democrats, the congressmen said violation of the international laws"' i ' '~ ~ ~ - ~ - - ~ - .
.. ; ..
"The operation has been P.ep.. Larry Smith (D-Fla.), who 'I`~vo Strategies Consjdered -
stopped," one Democratic congress-
rran who attended the briefing said.
"But they made no commitment
about what they might do ~in the
future."
House Tote Due Today
Administration" officials con-
firmed :his account and said the
initial phase of the mining, which
began in February, was completed
well before Tuesday, when .the
Senate voted by an overR=helming
84 to 12 to condemn the action. On
VG'ednesday, the House Foreign Af-
fairs Committee passed an identical, '
non-binding resolution, 31 to 3. The
.foil House is expected to vote on the-
.resolution today. ,
Neana=bile, Senate Democratic-
leader Robert C. Byrd accused CIS
ctor Wi11ia.*n J. Case~v of break-
the awfo* faling~toyt~ll
es~ tthat mines,,were beirag,}aid
;President-Reagan reacted to the Senate action by
telling reporters: "As long as it's noti binding, I can live
'Administration .officials.: said the crucial test will be
tBe-congressional debate over their $21-million funding
request. U.S. intelligence officials have warned, in an
unusual - ? c -groan - ;statement.to reporters, that if
t ose: unas are not approver, t_e_ _ s covert Support
for t'f e re~ieT coula run out as earTv as next week.
'The Senate approved the a m nation last weep,
w en -man memoers said e were unaware of e
A ro e in the Nicaraguan mini... - -
'The money is, in, the .Senate versian~ of an appropria-
tion bill that must~now go before-a?joint House-Senate`
conference ,committee. Congressional sources said
House .Democrats are ,considering `two strategies 'to
knock the money out of .the bill-either by barring any `
agreement in the conference or by bringing the S21
million separately to the. House. floor, where it would
almost surely be voted down:
~ntl~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
?
'However, several Democratic congressional aides
said a delay~rnight help the Administration's case by
cooling the anger that flared when legislawrs decided
they had been kept in the dark about the covert
Program.
Administration officials have privately justified the
mining as Part : of a general campaign of military
pressure against Nicaragua, intended to -force -the
regime to meet U.S. demands that it stop supporting
leftist guerrillas elsewhere in Central America,
:Another aide predicted that House Democrats would
be sat5s#ie~d for the moment with gassing the non-bind-
ing resolution candemniirg the mining."-:;: . ~ .:
"That'll,give ihem something tn.-take .bome'to'their"
constituents over'the'`recess -and tell them -how Lough
they're being," he said. ` ~_..._ _ _ ~ =.' ". ..
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
A?,T1CL~ APPLA~'~D
Cli ~AGF
LOS ANGELES TI?/,iS
13 April 198i+
~'aa~a~t ~~fECy ~~a~ E~~iarrassing~~ ~~ert
By DOYLE 1*:cNiANUS, Times staf f writer
WASHINGT01\'-VFThen President Reaean autho-
rized t'rie CIA to launch a secret guerrilla war against
Nicara~a in 13$1. one of~us concerns was to avoid-t ,fie
anQ-:-y public de ate and diplomatic protests that overt
military inter~ertion would have sparked Administra-
tion officials sa -. - - ~ -
"The beauty of covert action,". one senior official said,
"is that it permits a government to avoid .dealing with
.the consequences of open support:" -
Now, however; that stray has boomeranged. After
t~>o weeks o snow ~ revelations about the CIA's
role in mining Nicaragua's harbors, the covert war is
embarrassingly overt-and the Administration appears
to be suff_ erin~~the worst of both worlas.
Congress, up m arms use many members believe
they were kept in the dark about the mining of Corinto
and Puerto Sanail~o on the Pacific and El Bluff on the
Caribbean, is threatening to Bill the entire -guerrilla.
operation by cvtt~ng off funds. Even staunch Adminis~-
tration supporters such as Senate Majority Leader
Howard H. Baker Jr. (R-Tenn.} and Sen-Paul Laxalt
(R-Nev.), a close friend of the President;:-voted to
denounce the mining.
_`V4'inaing VFar ... Losiag Washington Battles'
U.S.. allies, including British Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher, and leaders of other- Central .American.
countries have condemned it, as well. _
The screen of secrecy that was intended to shield Lhe
campaign from public criticism has collapsed, ~ bui
frustrated Administration officials say :they are ham-.
strung in defending the policy-because officially it is
still covert. - .
"We've been winning the war in Central America,"
nne State. Department official said, "but losing all our
For the Administration, the stakes are far greater
than whether more small mines R=ill be dropped into
?~~icaraguz's harbors by Latin American commandos
financed_.,_eow~Qed and instructed by the CIA..
.Senior officials privately -describe the estimated
15,DyJ U.S.-funded rebels as a vital part of a campaign to
pressure Nicaragua's leftist regime to move. towa.*d
.internal democracy and stop exporting revolution to
other countries in the region.
"The contras are an .important positive factor; ' .one ,:
~ntinued
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
sala; fusing the Nicaraguan term for-the counterzevolu-
tionaries. "They r epresent an incentive for the govern- Litt}e React}nn at First
ment ~to move in the direction of reasonableness\bot.h Even th? mining of the harbors-which had worried
domesticallv'ar,d in+arnatinnally " ,,. _
Impac
On
The A , ~*ustraticn g aPP
still hopes t.o win a requested S21 the countres whose ships might be damn ed- eared
million for u'te contras when Congress returns from its to go witlnut a hitch. 1ti~ost major newspapers reported
Easter, recess, despite the warnings of House Speaker the minim, as well as the damage to a Soviet fuel tanker
Thomas .P_ {'I~p) O'Neill Jr. (D-Mass.) and other .that hit one of the mines last month, but there was
Democ: atic leaders that the funding is "dead." ~ remark,ably little adverse reaction either in the United
~" ' ,States or abroad. .
0`~icials'a
e m
lrin
eda
i
r
a
no r
ct
ons:
. g P hot now, when
you've got mass hysteria on Capitol Hilt," one said..
The Ad.-ni,~.istration, which i-utially pressed for quick
action on its money r equests for both the Nicaraguan
rebels znd E! Salvador, now,..views the recess as a
reprieve during w.~iich at can t{ry t.o change the tenor and
subject of thedebate. - _ - - , . - _ .
"Vr'e think people should focus on the real threats to
democracy in the area, the problems of El Sah>ador, the
disruptive role of ~ricaragua,'.`=Roben -Sims, a Vvhite
House spokesman, Baia. -
IIN. Ambassado Jenne J.? Kirkpatrick fired the fil?st
sa}vo in that campaign Thursday,. telling a meeting of
?the Ame-rirz.^ SOC}eiy of Ir:ternational Law that Nicara-
gua is the aggressor in. Central America,. a country
"which reg,.:aarlyemploys deceit as an- instrument of
national lic
... ~*,
?
?
Her audience of-several lii'mdred laRyers appeared
I.srvfers Dep}ore U.S. RefnsaI:_
unrroved, though, and later .voted a resolution deploring
the-U.S. refusal *yo allow the`Vr'orld Court, a U.N, body;
to rttl e on th e mirin ~ ~.
Still, the ?_~dmirsu-anon hopes to pel^susde Congress
and the public that the rebels should not be cut oaf
because of protests over a small part of their guerrilla
war, namely; the involvement of U.S. intelligence
agents in directing the mining that dan?,aged at least six
merchant ships, officials said. ?
Tne Reagan Adananistration has mounted a slow,
;toady and largely secret escalation of the U,S. military
ale i*: the area ever since ii came into office in 1981,
vowing to halt the spread of leftist rebellion from Cuba
an9 h'icarag;ia to other parts of the Americas.
?rot only are CIA officials d_i*ecting_ the_comma_ndos
who operate .~in_Njcaragua's wate~:s, they are 21so
Lrainm~~uerrilia~ who place. mines in the roads of
noz-t?,ern 1\ica_ragu4_and_are fly
in~
zi.*borne suPP~
_
.
missions to rebels inside the country. In Honduras and
El Sa~zdor~ U~S._ LrooAS are overtly but discreetly--
trainirg Cenu?al ~.merican soldiers and flying observa-
tio~lanes over .battles_betwe~en the Salvadoran erny'
and its guerrilla foes. _ - .-_-. _~~ .
That deepening involvement creates a domestic.
political dilemma, for Congress and public opinion polls
have consistently displayed strong opposition to direct
participttion by American forces in Central-America's
wars ?t.: ~ ~ ..,; ...~..:. c-~~-r ~'~~ ?~~ _ _
t -,
Until t~.is:weeg, Administrtion officials believed that..,
the covert >x-ax in Nicaragua, using mostly Nicaraguan -
g~errillas with ~, money and advice;;~.was working .
-well Con~ess~''includi:ng .the Democratic-lets .House,
-i~ad twice e~~eisd;d furduig foz ti!:e prog..anL. ~=, = -- _
.. __? .r.,..,., .,~N~:,,,,,c?~ uc-~;cu~e c,i 1L: ppSSlnle
t
Some of?cials privately exulted in the dismay that
they believed So~~et officials felt vrhen they discovered
their arrric saipment routes blocked. Last Thursday, the
Senate confrmed their op?imism by voting 76 to 19 to
approve both the X21 million for the contras and $62
million in new militzr}> aid for El Salvador. ;
Then, last-weekend a string of disclosures about the
details ofTthe mlmng appeared and Con ess' mood
shifted abrupti_'y. Senators who had voted in favor of the
funding declzred that they had not realized Americans
i-were directing Lhe mining and blamed the.C~:for-
failing.to make it clear to them. Sen. Barry Go-13aa`ter
(R=Arii`.~; fate conseri>ative c~au~man of -t e~enaie_
Irife}.iigence Ca:nmittee~~TOte an emotional letter to
i CIA_Direcw'r ~~illiam_J,,,~_a5.ev declaring: "I ~sn issed
I ofL._' _ _ . , _ _.
I`A'tTt1RIiBt~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~ase~ summoned by angry senators, e~lained that
-"- --
he-_had, mentionedmining briefjy=during_testimony
before th_ e_commiitee in March. Some senators, like Sen.
Patrick J. Leahy (D-Vt.), a strong opponent oof the
pro~i?sari, Q'ursued the mater further in later b~in~s ,
and learned the details of the mining. HoweverLothers,
such as Gddwate~, apparently failed to realize the
_ sig_n'ifcance o_f_w~iat the~hadbeen told_until the~read
about it in the newspapers. And still others, some
senators`charge~unoersiooa~w at `e~haa~been fold_
and chose to ignore rt.
`Congress ...Didn't Want to Snow' '.
"Congress frankly didn't want .to know. what was ..
happening," one State Department official charged. "As
long as they thought we were getting the job done, they
didn't want to have to take any responsibility far'the:
way we might be doing it. But as soon as it was pointed
out tinat the miring was ,going on and that?Congress.. "
might have some ; complicity,:,. they ' all:.had `to: get
outraged about it." ,
Regardless, 'the Administration also made some
unmistakable blunders in dealing with Congress Casey '~
whose relationship with the intelligence comrnitteer~bgs -,~
nPVQr__b~n +warm? was unrepentant when senators "'
complained-that he had failed to make the dim~,~~ians of
the mining operation "clear. In along, closed-door
briefing~according_to one con~ress~onal source. "Yie told,
them i{ theyi didn't :ask :?the right questions, they
wot~n~et the right answers."
-The confrontations.on Capitol Hill were not limited to
:.he mining. In.the House,"Democrats cuttherequest'for
Ei Salvador from S62 'million- to X32 million; an amount _?
Administration officials had vowed they would ~never._,'
accept. In the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the
Administration's `proposal for-~a.:five-year.?program of
i economic aid to Central ..America-the centerpiece of
the Kissinger com>hission report, which was supposed to
establish a bipartisan consensus-bogged. down in
bipartisan deadlock:; :.: _ '
On both sides of the Capital, legislators ~complairied
about a series of .statements .by President Reagan
': blaming Congress for any failures in foreign policy.
"We just haven't been managing our dealings with
Congress well," one`. White House ,aide admitted'
"There's: been no real'deadership-not from the State i
demand-for a consensus ofsupport, at the same,time as ._
he pursues polici~^s for which there is no con~ggnsus;"
'Destler said. "As g as the.Administration seems to be .
getting into more direct involvement in Central Ameri- ' ~-
ca-for which there is clearly no consensus--`the critics `
will have the upper hand," __
The Administration's problem is more than tactical, .:
said L M: Destler; a political ,scientist who has written
several books on Congressand foreign policy; --
"The President keeps- making an appeal=almost a
'. Department, not from here."
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
..:,iTC~~ ~~ ~ i-~~-c~~ iv~n' ti'O~u TES
- ?~~~-~ 13 J?pril 19"x;
t T r~ s ~'~'--.
By PHILIP TAliBMAN
Sp:-dal to TLe New YorK Times
WASIiINGTON, April 12 -The
reiationshiP I~etFVeen Congress a.nd
the Central Intelligence A encv,
never one of the y~armer.Qartnerships
in k'as'r,in -on has_sudden2,~deterioo-
rated into a bitteLfeud over the~~ssu~
o~whether lawmakers were ad-
eauately iniorm~about the mini_ne
of Nicaraguan harbors,
The Quar.-el,_accoriling to both in-
telli~ence officials and members of
Congress, has- poisoned relations
more sevei-ety than any s~~'i'pute in
term cons.. uences for the conduct of
tnte ~gence activities and the role of
`Congress to inotitoring fhe C.I.A,
i e wn.o~e system of~ongres_
sional oversight has broken down," a
senior intel}igence official said today,
"Right no~3~, (here's anarchy."
He added: "Nobody's ever seen it
t~~is bad, Fr-.nkJy, I'm not sure it will
recover, at least not under the cur.
rent leadership on the kill and in the
agency."
Anger on Bath Sldes
The level of anger and mutual dis-
trt:st was, i any^lung, muted in the
s~-~ - totter that Senator Fsa*~
GaTwater Republican of Arizona,
the chairman o the enate elect
Camrnittee . on Intelligence sent
earlier this week to William J. Casey
t-t. ie Dtrectcr a Central Intelligence.
Compla>.*itng tnat th~ committee had
,..not been told abou*, the minin Mr.
~-ai water wrote that "this i~io wa,~
'to nin a railroad,"
Intelligence officials, who usuatl
try to e aip omatic w en aiscusstr3g
Congress, nave ahardoned any nr~
tense o atience. f-w~n't~~ear
from t`rern a a:~dit w71
g=__ ' _. 1 be too soan,,f,
another C.I.A. official sa_~ id today,
Neith~_?er sine a?p~.~s willing to give
much unc on ta~sasic uuesUan of
wh?ther tt2e ~I.~; abided by~e~r~
Jaws that require the intelli once
went-' y to KEep Congress Band
current v to o~r,~Tc ~ tit it,~. _e_ cisvr-
ties. Mr. Go}dwater and many of ius
coi!eagies have insisted that- they
were not informed, certainly not in
?
any detail, about the agency's role in
the mining of three i~Iicaraguan har- ,
hors.
~n the_Feud with congress,
:Senator Barry Go}dwater
Senators Recall Briefings
InteLigence officials said Congress
wa~irst~~cl""a~iout t~e`miningon
an. 31 when C.I.A. aides briefed the-
House Select Committee on I>~i_
once. They sai that the Senate '
panel was notified, although not in de_?~
tail, in meetings on March 8 and
March 13 and that staff members
from the committee were given a de=
tailed .account on April 2.
Several senators recatied in inter-
vi ws s wee a e mrntztg~ ad
come up in ne uzg~s~the irt-
te`I once agency had not made clear
that Amencans worn mvo vc~ 2nd '
at e o ration ratner than receiv=.!
:n indirect sum or _ rprn ti-,e United,,
tates~R`as , 'rectl or= Hsu-
pen~ised by the C I q,
Committee staff members con-
firmed that they had been briefed in
full on the operation on April 2 and
said a written memorandum on the '
.mining operation was prepared for
distrubution to members of the com- ;
mittee. It is not clear how many, if
any, senators read the report before
the issue blew up into a major dispute
this week. Senator Daniel Patrick
Moynihan, Democrat of New York,
the.sleouiv. chairman of the inteili.
' R'iliiam_J._ Casey
Bence committee, said he had not
seen t e merpo a ast_ weQk
when he voted in favor of $21 malion
in new Q or C-i.A. covert
fl ratio_ c ~a~-ainst Iicaragua
Last weekend, before the recrimi-
nations began, Senator Patrick J.
member of theinteliigen a coommia
tee, said:
` `One advantage of a cavort opera-
tion is that it allo~~s an awful lot of
people,who knew about it to say they
didn't. It will be fascinating to see the
number of senators who will object to
the mining during the coming week
when virtually the whole Senate had a
chance to vote on the issue of covert
operations against Nicaragua last
week and most members knew the
mining was part of it. It was one rea-
sonsome of us voted against the bill."
SZI 1F7ill}on far Rebels
The Senate voted, ?6 to 19, last week
to approve S21 million for the intelIi-
gence agency to support Iv*icaraguan
rebels. The vote came after a Boor de_
hate in which the mining was men.
tinned; according to a transcript of
the discussion, pn TUesdav, as the
fumy over the mining grew, the Sen-
ate voted, 86 to l2, in favor. of anon-
bindingsense of the Senate resolution
that would forbid. financing of the
mining _
COtittRClP.t~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
The dispute over the mi_
is, in
_
part, an outz~rowth of tensig~that
are built into the relationshi?~retween
Con Tess and the~ I.~A. Beg_uznin~~in
196, tr, ine wa e of~c osures about
forei assasstnattons ille aT-domes-
lac sp}7ng an of er abuses v ~er-
ican m e tQence agencl~
ewe.^
.a~te
_
_
and the Rouse formed special com-
mittees to m e the inte f-Qen'ce
agency accountable to Congress.
.
Although the two intelligence com-
mittees lack direct authority to ap-
prove covert operations, they do re-
Much of the criticism stems from
Congressional resistence to-plans for
specific covert operations. bast year,
for example, the intelligence commit.
tees balked at a plan to try? to over-
throw the leftist Crovernment of Suri-
name, aformerDutch colony in South
America.
Despite the tensions however,
most intelligence o tcials~ana n7ezn_
..rs o ongress a at u7 recent
years tie two comnutteec a ~
crucial role in expandingthe size and
operations of the C..I.A, and other in-
e igef~nce ag'enctes.
Both Sides Affected
The imbroglio over the minin .n
telli~ence offtctals and laR~nakers
said, is Ilke~to make the C.I,A. more
skittish aboui shanng_~ o __ a ice.
~t~
Y~7.LtLttzes~mm
nd l
h
.
~
eavg r
P .
committees more distrustful of the in-
tell~ence agency.
Far the C.I.A., the * said, the result
co mean uctlons m n armed
~d~et increases,~ti titer ~.':llt ,
Con 'ess~af intelli ence opeeraU'ons
and a growin ske~acism about the
`
~
tis
efulness af
covert_
o~ra~o~.
_ _
~mm the standpoint of Can s,
mem rs sat ere
aS area v
view the intelligence agency's budget
and can use the power of the purse to
modify intelligence operations. The
committees hold meetings several
times s week and deploy their staffs
to pursue specific issues.
To insure the cross fertilization of
information, in both the Senate and
the House at least two members of
.the intelligence cotnrnittee must also
serve on the armed services commit-
tee and two members must be drawn
from the foreign relations committee.
Scrambler Phones for Members
To e~curity committee of-
fices have scramble- telephones for
senstttve conversations with-..I.A.
officials, and mee '' Qs are held in
co erence rooms at are routi.*te v
ch^~1or eavesdm~Lng devices.
As a secretive organization .that
IopQ ope~at w~it~i only muu~,
gressional control the C.I.A. has. at.
best, an ambivalent a tiu e toward
the`two cominttiees'Inte-Iligence ofh:
cials routinely"blame tr~}~e:~p~'
Congress and committee staff mem-
hers or ea o c asst.teo orma-
tion an co_m_p am a ut : on~`-
siona uzte_ erg nce m ante fence af-
f airs.
yen a serious erosion a su wort for
e Tn~ence agency an a re,
`Enough to R'arn other Ships'
The remainder of the mining, which
.was concentrated at Puerto Sandino
and Puerto Corinto, also on the Pacific
coast, took place in February, Mr. Bo- ~
land said.
-.The House committee held a second
briefing about the mining on March 27
,
Mr. Boland said. "The indication then
~~as that they were mining other h~~-
bors and had mined them before that
briefing,'=Mr, Boland said. He said the
1
i
committee was
mining.
Mr. Boland,?in an apparent reference':~IC.1.A. reported that the mines had "hit
to ~ the Senate committee, said, !isome sever, ships between the dates of
"There's been some complaint that iiMarch', and March 24."
some other body was not keeping pace ~ "v,-fiat kind of ships?" he asked, an_
with what was happening." He added: ~ swering, "Japanese slops -freighters j
"That's their responsibility., `I }rnew '~- loading cotton, Panamanian ships
what my i-esponsibilitywas." with molasses, a Russian ship with otl, .
The House and Senate committees, 'some other, small shipping boats hit by
mines, not lethal, but enouo to warn i
while ostensibly sharing r-esponsibiliry , ~
.,a..._ _in__ ____.__ _. ..
ti~ties in lvica,--aqua, and his___ reL*sarks;
on Tht~*-sdav w ere_, highly cntical bf the j
r~-ring, he did _not fault the C.LA'for {
f2iiirrg to notify' Cang~-ess.
i=fs comments added to~row_;iig evi-
dence that Conp_.ress was informed
about the mining by the Reagan Ad-
mi-dstratian well before a flurry of rrtt
ports last week about the C.I.A.'s ro]e
! A?tbough most members of Congress
1 were presu~-rably aware that Nicara-
auan haroort were being mined - Mr.
Boland said the mining was first re-
~ vealed by the Managua radio on Jan. 3
-the current furor in Congress devel-
after the extent of direct Ameri-
rzn involvement was disclosed in news
j reports last week. -
mumt}>, Dries concentrate on different
issues and frequently disagree about
intelligence matters. During the last
year, the House committee has twice
voted against providing aid to Nicara-
guan rebels while the Senate commit-
teehas supported the program.
Mr. Boland according to c~olleaguues,,
made .i~~'s remar~ on 1 nursoay, in
u,a~ wc: e ++aa a reQr ganger.
? p,dminis'~ration officials have said
'the actual placement of the mines in
lvicaragttan territorial waters was han-
area by a team o, Latm .me~m-
mandostrained vb tFe C.LA.
intelligence officials reiterated
today that the Senate intelligence com-
mittee was notified about the mining in
part, to show that the House committee ;briefings on March 8 and March 13, al-
was more attentive to followin4 the II though they said the subiect was not
~.I.A.'s covert acts}sties. Mr. Boland.`'l~scussed at length, On April 2, they
accordin to the colleagues. also. ~
tnou1,ht the C.I.A. was bein>? unfaiT]_v I
blamed for keepins? Con:?r-ess iQrlorant '
of the mitring.
Cntitl(3!!B~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
said, committee start members were
given a detailed account of the mining.
Staff member have confirmed that
a written report on the mining was pre-
pared after the April 2 briefing, but
they do not }mow how many, if any,
members read it.
In another dey__el_g,~~~nt today about
the mtztag ~otLn h h7~~_on, t~h`e
Deputy Director of Central Intelli-
gence, denied a repo`_rt in__') ne~as~ng~_
~ ton ost that e had opposed-tie opera- .
;lion.
"While Director Casey encottra~es
live v elate on a I o Fr imelligenc~
' ro~sats," Mr. McMahon said in a
~Qrep;:rea statement fs~ts v t e
C.1_ "he a_ nd I are of one mind when
!pit comes to aaencv nroQrarns, includ=
'i~rg those tc cQuntg~ the threat of the
Sandinistas to the stabiti and .,ace of
i en r P
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
15 April 1984 '
NIC:3R..AGtiAN PEWEES ru,I' HALT MINING OF PORTS
F>Y FANCY NUSSER
EGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS
An anti-Sandinista rebel leader said Sunday his group will " reconsid
"
er
the mining of Nicaraguan ports following a resolution in ttie U. S. Senate
condemning t#ie CIA -funded ape ration.
Alfonso Callejas, one of t#ie leaders of the directorate of the Honduras-based
Nicaraguan Democratic Force, known as the FDN, arrived in Tegucigalpa from Miami
Sunday to meet with other FDN leaders.
Callejas told United Press International that tl"ie rebel leaders will bald a
series of meetings next week to " re-evaluate " the mining.
"It's self-evident that the mining Hasn't had any good results militarily,
and on a political level ttie results have evidently been negative, " fie said.
"We're not gaining ariyttiing and we risk losing support."
He said the meetings area response to concern over the Senate's 84-1r vote
that condemned the mining in anon-binding resolution. He said tie feared the
upshot of the criticism cauld be a cut off in 11.5. funding for the rebels
fighting to Overthrow Nicaragua's leftist Sandinista government.
" We have to re-evaluate " the mining, he said. " If it might hurt our
..overall struggle, we may reconsider. "
The fDt~ claimed respansibiity for mining Puerto Saridino, on Nicaragua's
Pacific coast some 3b miles west of f;anagua. Other ports that have been mined
are Corinto on the Pacific coast and E 1 Dluff on the Caribbean coast,
Twelve vessels, including a Soviet tanker, a Dutch dredger and a Japanese
freighter have been damaged by the mines in the past two months.
Callejas said the Costa Rica-based rebel group, the Democratic Revalutiana ry
Alliance, or ARDE, was responsible far laying mines in the. two ether ports.
The New Yark Times and Washington Past quoted congressional sources last week
saying agents employed by the CIA operated a freighter from which rebel
commandos laid the mines iri speedboats.
Although the Reagan administration would not publicly confirm the reports,
U.S. officials said the mining would be ?ustified to prevent Nicaraguan arms:
from reaching rebels trying to topple t#ie Salvadoran government.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
.=?__~~E k~P~~..~ED `r,'k:.:E STREET JGurr~:,,
C; ~ Le o
~~-"E_ ~ ~ kr: it i,8i+ -
the funds. The Senate a!sc ;,ad approveo
~o~~n.~haTZ Qu~'ts .~a12.e1 Post as .~Lft ~~idens ~ ~?'?~ million in emergency militar}~ aid for
~! Salvador.
-'
~
Congressiona'. tides said that President
Over Meagan s Policy on ~'entraZ ~menca ; Reag~r, apprGVed the minim operation Feb.
~. T.h? Clr. first menti0ned trio ODerai70n t0
~ _~ the sen~i? comm;tiee l,;arc;~ r, the aides
i~ from accounu of other countrSes receiving ~ SfiiG, but that reference ccns~C'~d o' er'
li U.S. ~SSIStanCe. Sentence in 2 t?'O?h0ur bri.?.`ln?_ ill at d,~~ho-lost El Salvador.
lr, the present lull it ~'~'ashington, the aaministt'ation
is marsbalir,g, its for cos for a post?Easter pre-election
shootout on the floor of the House. The outcome prob?
abl}~ depends on ~t?hat House members hear from con-
stituents ~t~hile they are ai home until April 24.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
~over~~ Aid
~xzcLR ~pP ~ WkSHINGTON POST
~~ PgGE~w
By Charles R Babcock
and -Bob Woodward
N'astcington Post Str1t Writers
The Reagan administra-
tion is trying. to salvage fal-
tering congressional and pub-
lic,support for its secret war
against ;Nicaragua . ?by at-
tempting to focus new atten-
~tion on the size of.the Soviet 'I
snd Cuban military buildup i
in Central America and play- ?'',
`tag doRm "-the controversy - f
over U.S.-directed mining of .';
Nicaraguan harbors: - ;~
In an effort to rescue '''21
_-mil~ on i*~ fundingfor ~~o-
vert o erations, CIA Director
. `J. CaseF~ told `the:-
to last Reek -that` the -
roversial CLA=directed'
minim of ~'~icara,.~-uan . har.
hors was not an integral art
of the pro,gran'1: President
Reagan and intelliaen~ ce oT
ficisls also begar:' ~t~~ing
stranger emphasis to specific
flQUreS about the scope of the
.threat then see in the r 'on.:
CIA officials have -said
that their intelligence collec- "
lion s ows: `
~~- ? The Soviet Union is
spending between $4 biIIion
:and $4.5 billion each year :in
:Cuba and 5250 million .to =
X300 million elsewhere in
(central America. - ..
? The Soviets .have .about .~
]O,fl00 personnel..:in.' Cuba; ;
. 3,000 of these`sre te'c}ircicians '-
and 2,000'are military: About
IDD Soviets are in Nicaragua -
? The .Cubans have be-
tween 7,000 and 10,040 per-
sonnel in Nicaragua, of
m bEtween 2,500 and
0 are military. Casey has
d that the Cuban military
personnel in Nicaragua have
shaved their Castro-style
beards, discarded' their
16 Rpr~l 1984
Gruban uniforms and been fn- ~
tegrated into many. units of
- the regular Sandinista arm}'.
The president" cited sirri=
filar, but slightly 'lower, fig-
ores on the -Soviet=Cuban '
presence in Nicaragua in a
-radio address . SaturdaS~ in
-which he said, "?'e cannot '~.
turn our backs on this crisis'
st our doorstep." ~_^ ~ ._ ~
Others in and out of the admin-
~tration are sker~tica] of the CIA f"ig-
vres: One congressional source famil-
iar with the -intelligence estimates -
said yesterday, "M,y fear is that in `
the effort. to save.the program they
'vrill overstate` their case and under-
mine the truth;which is that there
'has. been a very substantial buildup"
kfv Soviets and Cubans., .
=" This source noted that the Soviets
have sent new generations of air de-
~ense missiles; planes and maritime
equipment to Cuba.
Sen. David F. Durenberger (R-
~!Iinn.),-a member of the Senate in-
telligence .committee who has sup-
ported the administration's requests
for covert funding, said yesterday
that he questioned the Soviet-Cuban
troop numbers being used by admin-
istration officials.
' "The Sandinistas are supposed to
be moving Cubans -out," he said.
"There are probably substantially
fewer there than -there were six
months ago."
Durenberger also criticized the ad-
ministraiian for making no real at- ,
ierript "ta sell".Congress or the pub-
lic on the ~ Kissinger commission's
recommendations t:o fund long-term
economic growth in the region.
"The really frustrating thing L the
president has got to .lift this out of.,
mining and covert operations, and ;:
lift it into the larger context and get
it out to -the American people," he
said.
Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (D-Vt.), an
intelligence committee member who
voted against the 521 million in co-
vert aid, said yesterday that the ad-
ministration has been tr}~ing "to sub-
stitute a covert operation for. a for- `
eign policy." He said on ABC-TV's.
"This Week VJit.h David Brinkley"
that "there is no real military sol~-
tion short of sending in U.S. troops."
Administration ~ officials made
themselves .available to reporters
over the weekend as part of the new
public relations offensive; and for-
mer' secretary of state Henry A.
Kissinger .and U.N. Ambassador.
Deane J. Kirkpatrick, also appearing
on ABC, urged the president io be ;
more forceful in teIling the public
about the importance of U.S. _ inter-
ests in Central America.
Iissinger criticized Reagan for let?
ling the debate. "degenerate into 550
million increments" and added that,.;
"at the present level of effort, pro-
duced in"large part by our domestic .'
division; -[the poiicyJ is a recipe for
. disaster." .
' ,kirkpatrick $choed the .need for
`more aid to-head off' what. might be-
come a "really major. threat" to U.S.
national security. She said the big-'
` Best threat was not combat Troops on
U.S. borders.
"It is in fact nuclear missiles, it's
chemical weapons, which are another
really important threat homing on '
the horizon,". Kirkpatrick -said. She
said she did not have evidence that
the Soviets .planned to use chemical
weapons in Central America but said
there had been no warning that. they
would use -them in Southeast Asia, '
as the administration has alleged:'
Casey told U.S. News ~. World
Report in an interview u lis ed
today, "I think -that. Poale fn t e
long run are less concerne about
reports of minim Nicaraguan har-
bors than t~PV a.*PT~e differ
of creating a wave of immigration
into this country if Central America
or an~~ part of it fall under Soviet-
. ~ ban, dominating."
.Last week's mining controversy
clearly damaged the administration's
support in Congress for .the covert
'.:war, however. Sources said, for in-
stance. that Casey acknowledged t.o
a ou of senators last Tuesda
t. at the mining was not an integral
part of the U.S. effort in opposing
Nicaragua. This distressed .some in-
telligence committee members who
had voted the week. before to ap-
prove 521 million in additional fund-
ing for covert. operations in Central
America without realizing the extent
of the U.S. role, in the mining.. _ __T_ -
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
"He Seemed to say we had com-
mined an act of war -for the ~eiJ of
it." said one person who attended
be briefing.
"He said, in effect, that in the
o~?ere1J scheme of thin*s jthe minim
wasn't all that im octant. I couldn't
believe ~~nat i was earin~,,' Duren-
, ber__ der said.
Later that day the Senate voted
~4 t.o ? 2 to condemn the mining.
Casey and his deputy, John N.
IV1c?vlahon. visited Sen. Daniel Pat-
rick Mo~miJ:an tD-N.Y~ late Frida~~
tnZn, to share up support for the
coven funding. Casey also caJle sev- ,
eral GOP senztors Friday, trying to
all care some who had called for
AFCMahan's resignation af'ier reading ;
in that. day's 1~~ashington Post that
~~he. a apposed the covert opera-
- Lions. I~TcMalion issued a denial, liut
cor,Fressional-sources said he had-
-. lobbied discreetl:~ against the funds.
A senior administration official
outside the intelligence communit~~
said chat Casey's influence with t e
president remained high despite the
controversy over the minim ---
Among F~eagan's circle of national -
secu.*itv a ~~isers, t is offci say ,
'Casey can still get the president's
ear, pa~'t~c~az'ly-o`n some ro~ect t at
apDea:s to t e president,c ratural
anti-communism.n Overall, the offi-
ci~ said, any senior national security
ad~~iser generally is successful in the
administration if he proposes action.
"Those ~vhe wanted to get. us into
,L:~anon won" he said add~nP
"Casey was not in favor of sending
troops, but. when he was in favor of
more action, in ~~ith'drawin -even if
it was a contra fiction of the current
administration policy-he was lis-
tened to .... It is a very action-ori-
e gene a group. roposals to invade
Grenada, get in and then dut of Leb-
anon, open a covert warm Nicara-
gua, even get rid of (former secretary
of state] AL Haig, _ all seem to win
out."
Proposals for long-range ~ consis-
tency in policy tend to get ignored,
One CIA afficia] familiar. with
Casey s t mkin said ast weed
"~~'hatever you thin of CasevLhe
truly believes that there is a roblem
da~? there in Central America An
there is .... if this doesn't work ,
. ,there ~zll be U.S. troops down
there soon." .
Intelligence reports paint to a fall
offensive by the Salvadoran rebels
who are being assisted by Nicaragua.
Casey is knowm to believe. that
ever~~ U.S. action sends a message to
the Soviets and Cubans. He stron~Jv
favored the U.S. invasion.of Grenada
last October because he felt that ii
sent the message ,"that we might
strike in Nicaragua," a source said.
After the Grenada invasion, CIA in-
a~lligence showed that the arras flow
to Salvadoran rebels declined some-
what. It is now back up.
Casey, the source said, acce is the
overall -CIA an vsis t at t e o~~iets
are cautious in the i~'estern Hemi-~
sp ere an tat their shor`~-term ac-
tions are meant merely to divert
U.S. attention. Casey .reportedly has
said, "The real battle ground is the
Middle East and its strategic posi-
tion aid those oiJ..fields."
Z
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
C;; PAGE 1, Sec. 1
.~~ ~~'PV~S~t,~i
?
By DOYLE AZcMANUS,
Tirrces Stajf Writer
WASHINGTON-The largest
IvTicaraguan rebel group plans to ask
Israel for aid because Congress has
failed to authorize any further CIA
expenditures for the rebels' fight
against the leftist Sandinista gov-
ernment, arebel afficial said Sun-
day.
The official, a member of the
Honduras-based Nicaraguan Dem-
ocratic Force, said the leaders of his
organization are scheduled to meet
with L'.S. intelligence officials today
to aiscuss their options for finding
new funds.
The Reagan Administration has
requested $21 million to continue its
covert aid to tl'ie rebels, known as
contras, but the Democratic-led
House of Representatives post-
poned action on the issue last week
arrid an uproar over the CIA.-di-
rected mining of .Nicaragua's har-
i~OS Ai~G.L~S Tlh^S
16 Apr i 1 19c5L
hors. _
~"` ".V1e can do without the mining, but we cannot wage a
war v~nthout resources," said the rebel official, who
asked not to be identified byname.
He said that without substantial aid soon, the
estimated 15,000 rebels grouped in three rival organiza-
tions would begin shutting -down their military tlpera-
bons. "We will sur~~ive as a movement, but we won't be
able to ao anything that will have a real effect on the
Sandinistas," he said.
'The CIA has warned in unusually open statements
"that the last congressional appropriation for-the coven
`wag;-~24 milliaa approved last November-"is .running. ;
out quickly," in the words of one intelligence official:
One intelligence official said this could happen as .
early as this week, but congressional sources and rebel x
officials said the guerrillas could probably _~ontinue,
operations for another month. ? ._. _ ~ :: .. `l
The House. is expected to. debate they X21-million
request as soon. as '. it. returns .from .Congress: Easter
vacation, but .Democratic leaders,. including;Speaker
Thomas P. ETip) O'Neili 3r.:(D-Mass,);have:pledged to.
block the funds. -
The leader of ?rhe ~ Nicaraguan Deinocra'cic. Force,
Adolfo Calero, appealed publicly last week for Help from
enough," he said. "We need.a government VVe think the
Israelis. would be `ttie`:?:kiest.; because-'they ~'fia`ve the
Lechnical experience"~~ ` -
Israel has already :supplied arms to,another .Nicara-
guar group, the Revolutionary. Democratic Alliance, led'
by former Sandinista hero Eden Pastora, rebel'sources ,
said..:....
?'We have 8x04: people inside Nicaragua;r''he said
then in a telephone interview from Miami."'I do~'t think
the United States -would abandon hose pe~opte.`-`I don't
think the United States would permit them So be
slaughtered:' ~ ;_ ~ .: - --
Another rebel of5cial sand that Calera began search-
ing for alternative sources of funding as it became clear
that the House might delay new'CIA funding indefuute-
ly.
"We have looked for private money, but there isn't
CQRtl~g9~'
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
.~ ,
A spokesman for theIsraeli Embassy in Washington,
Victor Harel, said that he has na knowledge of anyrebel
requests for funding and denied that any aid is currently
being given. "~~iTe are not involved in any activity to
overthrow any government in this part of the world,
even if it is a very unfriendly government," he said`,
Both the House and .the.Senate last week passed
resolutions condemning the CIA-directed minu%g of
Nicaragua's harbors. -Much of the congressional anger
was directed not at the covert aid program itself but at
CIA Director William..J. Casey, who was accused ,of
failing to provide Congress with clear advance warning
of the operation. _ Y:#;
Mapnihan Resigning Infeltigeace PosE
. Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-N.Y.} annoviiced
.Sunday that he is resigning-as vice chairman of~#.he
Senate Intelligence Committee'because he believes~#.he
CIA chief deliberately kept the panel in the dark:~is
term on the intelligence :panel was scheduled to~:end
.later this year in any event..":, . _.
"This is the most emphatic way T can express my view
.chat the Senate committee was not properly briefed~on
.the mining of Nicaraguan harbors with American mines
from an American, ship: under American command,"
Moynihan said in`a-statement_released by his officer"`If
this action was important-enough for the Presidenf';to
have approved if"iri:February, it was important enough
.for the committee to have been informed in February ;'
-Casey told the .~?committee-'of the mining in two
'hearings in March, but'K3.id riot ~plicit}y say that CIA
,personnel were abaard:the?ship 'that reportedly carried
the mines to .Nicaragua's goastline. Other members of
the -committee .have said; _bowever, that CIA-officials
.informed them of .those details in private briefings, _and
two senators have said they.'tielieve Moynihan. knew the.
details as well. __ -
"There were senators wh"o ~9oted one way the week
before (and) in a different way the following week, w}io
knew about the mining in both instances," Sen. Patrick
J. Leahy (D-V,t.) said on ABC's "This Week With David
Brinkley." He added, "I think (they) were influenced
solely by-public opinion." . ,;.,~;,~,.;;,_ . a ~ _ , , , .. _ _
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
.=~ '_ i ir!.J .rim: _ ~ ~~t~.D A'~l,' YOF,K TIi~''S
enator Goldwater, who is traveling
1 ~ ~~~~k i L~i~ ~~ ~~~ S __ . ~ Casey Met With Panel Twice II
in Taiwan, could not be reached for
Mr. Mo an who will remain on I
comment on Mr. Movnihan's resi~a-
~( ~(~j~ ~(R (~ I the committee the ena o e I
tion.
S ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t h ~t( ~ ~ ~~ ! ~ year even ttrou~e F '?z-,.~ivQ.~the
Rands Approved by Senate
~ v_ice chai~m~nshipLzc~owled__g_ed that
'_.Zt was factually ca_~ct~from r~:ading
Mr. Moynihan said in an inter view
t ~ the tra
'
nscripu of the committee
s
today that if he had kno~Zt atx?ui
United States involvement in dir?ectina
~~ F1 ~~~~Ll ~f ! ~e~tl~e , Gase3attne aZiriui ~ Ras_ m rationed.
the minirre from an American-run
But he contended, 2s have some others
mother shin outride Nicara.~u_an
k oa the committee, that it was too slight
waters, he would have voted on Anril 5
EJ A R P O f. f>~ l~ 1 N G A i I S S U t ! a reference to something as sensitive
~~~si aroviding the C I A with ~?
i ~ I bors.e ~g of another country's har-
million in additioraI funds for covert
~~ t~et~, Yorker .Says He Acts to
Protest Agency Failure to
f hake U.S. Role Clear
13~ HER.NARD G~FtT'ZMAN
activity in Nicaragua.
The money was approved over-
whelmingly in the Senate, brat the mat-
T'he New York Senator said he first
He sand in the interview that there
was only "a single sentence of 27
words," in a 13&-minute briefing that
~ ..~., ~ ...,..~.,. ~ . ?t _ ~ . ...
R~ ...cuuvucu uiat --magnetic
mines have been placed" but the impli-
' ~_ learned of the American
role i
th
-,
n
e ! cztion was that this was berg done by
m'-. n?ng in an article is Tie Wall Street :~ the Nicaraguan rebels by themselves.
Journal on Apnl 6. - '' "This sentence was substantially z-e-
As aresult; he said, he voted Last ~' peated in a meeting on March I3," he
week with the majo
ity
id
f b
r
o
.
oth houses ;sa
S~a!~TceNewYorkTtmes ~ -'- -
-Fr'A53ING?'ON, April 15 -- Senato on a nonbinding resolution calling for ~ ``Nogg purred which could be
___._.-; an end to American financing of min- ; called a briefing an the mines," he I
Da^.:e] Patrick Movni'ian announces] ing. Administration officials have said ;said.
today that h~ was resigning as ~~ice in recent .days that the mining had . In a prepared statement,~Mr. Mayni-
c.'iai.-rnz:, of the Senate Select Commit- "ceased and would not be resumed be- han said he was resigning as 'ice chair-
. ter on inteiiiger~ce. cause of the I man because "this appP,.ars to me the
i tie r~e~ Yor ~ ~siansl apposition. ~ most.smphatic way I can express my
i Democrat said he was Senator Moynihan .said he felt his ~ view that the Senate committee was
prvtest:n? what i-ie said was the failure resignation would be the best ?way-to ;not pzvp~erly briefed on 'the mining of
of Lie Cantra_' ln~iggnce Agency to P~ Fressu.*e on the Reagan Admirals- 'Nicaraguan harbors with American
erri tie co~r,~ittee 'bmo?ri,~ ~ tration to improve its relations with the ; ;
.3'' mines from an American ship. under .f
aba.:: the___s opr of Un__ted Statesmen, ~'~Iligence committee... + American summand.".
volve-nent ir, the raining of Nicaraguan Pant week Senator Goldwater wrote j ~ ~
taa_bors. _.-. a s'-' letter to R,' '~-'Casey, I Successorldat Yet Known ~
I't,e C.i.A.. which is char#~ed by law th' e Di '9[ 4f~e~'~al Intel>lge~?}C.~, ; He said he would formally submit his
~rotestin~hat he said was a failure to .~ resignation to Mr. Goldwater when the
with 1-.ee~;g tVl?,E House and Senate in- inform Congres-c of the Amensens? n rolrole Arizona Senator returned from his trip
te~enc_ committees "full~arr in the mitliAg? to the Far ?ast. It was not 'tmown R-ho
formed" of its currant and future ac- Asked why a similar public protest would replace Mr. Moynihan as "the
t'ivities, has i,?zsisted that it briefed the would not _have been sufficient, Mr vice chairman. T'be select commirtee is';
com:aitte~s about the mining. Moynihan said: "lt might have different from other committees since
Tne a~encv sairi i? told t2~e House .brought public attention. I don't think it' members are limited to eight-Year
would have brou t the atten~on from terms; and lair. Movnihan's term would
committee on Jan. 31. and the ~n?te ~
I group an March 8 and again on March ~ exectatave b~~?" have come to an end at the end of this
13. in additinn, it said the Senate rom- ' ~?t an Easy TTr3ng to Resigai' Yom' ~.~Y? He said the Democratic
mittee staff received an ? extensive He added: "I would ask that the ~ 'caucus in the Senate would choose his
y successor as Democrat...
bnefinA on April 2: _ recognize that it was not an rankuag
~' thing
_ It is like] to be either Senator Daniel
~ - for Barry Goldwater to write that letter y
Aeercc~ Cites Directives - K Inouye of Iiawaii, whe was the com-
e and it was not an easy thing #or me to mittee chairman until the Republicans
"In accordance with existing star- resign the ~zce chairmanship. We were took contsal in 1380, or Senator JosepH ,
trtE'S, a_nd Presidential directives~th~ tryiiag to make a point." R. Eiden Jr., Democrat of Delaware.
C.l.A. has the snscific res hsibilities 1n Senator Moynihan's view, the Ad- Another committee member, Sena.
to keep appropriate Congressional ministration brushed aside the protest 'tor Patrick Leahy, Democrat of Ver-
committ~j~rli~a,,pd~ v leveled by the Goldwater letter. "After
1,,.~.in- wont, contends he was fully informed
formed of a encv a_ _'v>:ti._ '~ ^ Barry sent his letter and it was in effect
~_ ~_~ ~ .rejected," he said, "it seemed to be the of the mining. He says that many
.man said todav____'Th? agency ~tricuy one thing I could do to say that we are others were too; and that they voted for
adhe*es to these dia??ectiv_es: R its the covert aid in the Senate, but be-
__~ still of that opinion.' cau_~e of the public outcry against the
that the C.I.A.:ias violated those direo- ' ~ Mr. Moynihan asserted that relations
tiv~ ir, ca_^.nection with Central Amer- between the committee and the Admin- had since switched their posi.
flora. ,
ica arse untrue
" i
t
ti
h
.
s
ra
on
ad worsened in the last few
A4r. May-.~ihan, the ranking Demo- months. ?
cr-at on the committee
echoed a coin- "WYaen the invasion of Grenada was
,
Taint made by Senator Barry Goldwa- about to take place, we were in- ?
er, Republican of Arizona, the corn- formed." he said. "We knew that. We
...,., __~ s-, _..
been informed of the I at' accgement. 1 ney 2rnow what this
numng?. _ _ .... I relationship can be.
CORflfttl6i~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/08/24 :CIA-RDP86B00420R000701390002-0
An aide to Senator Biden said Mr.
Biden shared Mr. Mpynihan's feeling
that the group was not properly beefed
in hSarch. But the aide said that after
an inquiry from the press in late
March, Mr. Biden asked'the committee
i staff on Apri13 for further information.
', B~' coincidence the staff had a len~thv
hrie;in,,g_at its own uvuative vs~'t~Ii tFie
C.I A. on the evening of P.pril 2, a staff
aide ~a .
i, The staff ten produced a memo for
Mr. Biden on tY3e details of the Amen-
can involvement in the mining.. That
memo -was given to Mr. Biden, who
showed it w other senators, but appar-
ently not to Mr. Moynihan.
Mr. Moynihan was briefed orally on
April 5 by a staff aide, however, about
several intelligence developments, in-
j eluding the mining, but tine aide?said it~
i was quite possible the Senator did eat
~ perceive the mining to be anything spe-
cial at that time.
Mr. Moynihan said today that he had
not known about .tre extent of the
a~erican role in the mining until April
6.On April 5, when the Senate voted for.
the $21 milllion in covert aid for Nica-
raglian rebels, the memo was dis-
cussed by Mr. Biden with Senator l>G'il-
liam S. Cohen,-Republican of Maine, on
the floor of the Senate, .and Mr. Gohen
showed it to Mr. Goldwater. This was
;apparently the first time the Arizona
Senator learned about it.
Some staff aides to .senators on the
I committee said that since hf,.r. Goldwa-
ter ~ccu*~*ed control of the committee,
ithe committee's staff work had been
much less aggressive than it was.under
Ithe Democratic leadership. One aide
?said._that neither .Senator Goldwater
nor Senator Moynihan gave the impres-
sion that they wanted to know every-
thingthat was going on,and that a "cer-
tain passivity" set in in the staff, and
covert actions were not followed up the
way they used to be.
Mr. Moynihan said toda that if Mr.
Casey ha~ ast.,~ee _some_,_~ .
like. "I'm sorry, we_goafed,`~ ~q,'t
doo it a~a~" that "that mould be ac-,
cepLable." B- ut~e said be was very
~~' at the inteIl.igal to pass before again
:-akin; itseL fooLsh in t]~e eves of the world. Yet we were
back at it again "pith the Nicarguan mL-)ing fiasco, a mis-
adventure from its durnsy conception through its abrupt
devise. ~.nd again, the display of incompetence ?,'as bi-
~~rasar,, ini5ated by the Republican Adrrdnistration and
5
compaunded by mem'oers of b~tr parties in Congress.
i ~e C.I.A. apparen+Jv could not~i s:st going beyond its
role of pro~~idin` assistance to anti-Sandinista rebel
g7ouns 5ghiing in Nicarag^sa. It had to get iL very ox*n
piece of the action, so it. concocted schemes~to involve
itse>f direc~Jv in raiding a lvicaraguan port and then in
laving wines in l~?icarag-pan harbors. The, operations
risked di.scove;-~~, r'sked Qcctisahons that the L'~nited States
~,=as ~701ai`1'.'l~ interT,atiOnal law, risked arousing t;~e indi~
nation of countries x=hose shipping ;night be damaged.
?'et the Ci.A. persuaded the President's national secunr~=
aC~75er i0 x'al}: )i5 )OeaS L*)iO.t,fle Oral ~ff)Ce f07 2pprOVal,
and he w:t.,;ed rig.hi out again v.~th l~u. Reagan's O.K.
Con`o;-ess's tx=o intelligence oversight corn.*nittees
should have warned the Administration to arep its plans,
but they didn't. Bor.^= x>ere informed-in t:he rase 'of the
,:,inin`, the };Dose's committee was told in January=, the
Se:,ate`s v, l~larCii-b3lt if tine members ~=ere listening to
v.'hat they= were being told, they did not fDCUS on the
L;,pllCai70n~ Of a O1reCt C.I.A. Operation. Se;,ater< i;a.;-v
Goldwater and Der~el Pa~ic1: 1JD~*ni;;an protest that out
o; snore t^.an J~0 pages of hea,-'in? tr2nsa-ipt onJ~= tv,=o
sentences referred to the rn.inir,o, and aid not mention the
C.I.A.'s role. ?he Adrninistratian counters that its x*rit~en
subrilisslonc--es opposed t0 Oral summa:-ie~--described
and 1L5%fiPd the operation in detail. If the C.I.A. x=as
hidinJ, the Senate was not seeking. After Nurphv's Law
,,~zs fuil`;1)ed with its czistoma.~= reliability in matters covert
ar ~d .~~-nerican, Congress panicked-much zs it did when
the ~oin~ got i-ou~h in Lebanon-and not onh? con-
~.
de:.,ned the miruns operation by lopsided margins in both
Houses but a}so t'r,reatened to cut off funding for aid to the
cnr)fras entirely=. That move, if actually carried through
x=hen Congress returns from recess, wou)d be at }east z<
mina]ess as the rtitinG itseli.
ltie do not support aid to the centrr~~ x;th any relish.
And in ::,am= respects we do not support file Reagan
Ad., 'tistration's goo}s and methods L~ supp?ving aid. For
example, the bulk of U.S. assistance goes to the r.~htist,
i ~onuures-based ?~~icaraguan Dea~oo'atic Force (~.D.l~.),
mom' of the field commanoer< of which were of;`icers in
Anastasio Samoza's brutal and iusti`iably detested Na-
tior,al Guard. A far better prospect for xZnning fne sot}
po,--, of )\~icaragua's people is 'Jze Democratic Revo}ution-
ary A3liance (,SRDE) headed by the former anti-Somoza
gue*.zil]a leader bd~n Pastor ("Cau,andante Cero"). Mr.
Fastora's force has just ~pt'ure~ a coastal toxTr, in sout:n-
ern l~icara~aa, has been bostered (according to news
repcrtsl by the defec5on of a_^ entire battalion of Sandin-
ista soldiers, and is pianrun~ to set up a gove.-ri;nent in
exile. r.RD~ apparently does now receive C.I.A. he}~, but
much Jess `Jan the rlD.?~~.
111e Aduli)lis'atlOn'~ pu-[~a~es li, a)QlnC the g73e>:r),lja
groups are also suspect. ~.R~~ has proposed a plan x=here-
by antigovernment rnilitarY aca~=h' wou]c cease if the
Sandinistas agree to hold fair eleCaons `JZis lvovember-
that S5, L~ OppOSlt]Dn candidates are guaranteed secvr?;t,
from Sandinict~ toLohs and the r'ght to have their views
heard free from censors:~.ip, and if the election is interna-
t)On~~' SLper12~e0. ThE Reagan .