55 SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF GERMAN ARTICLES ON MODERN PHYSICS (SOLID STATE, ELECTRONICS, AND ELECTRODYNAMICS)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200030020-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 64
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2012
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: May 22, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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DER ENERGIE~IMPULSTENSOR IN.DER VON LAUE-LONDONSCREN ELEKTRODYNAMIK DER
SUPRALEITERS
( The EnergyNImpulse Tensor in the von Laue-London Electrodynamics of Super-
conductors)
Gerhard U. Schubert, Munchen
Laboxatorium fur technische Physik der Tech. Hochschule
Laboratory for Applied Physics of the Tech. Univ.)
ABSTRACT,
The conservation laws of momentum and energy of von Laue's electrodynamics
of superconductors at rest may be expressed in a relation among Lorentz in-
variant quantities. An assumption as to the force density in superconductors
allows one to derive the energy-impulse tensor.
"Annalen der PhYsik" 6, Fo1ge, Band 6, (19 Sep 1949) pp 163-168.
ElectrodYnamice - Superconductivity
.31-
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D]~ THCORxF DEB BEUGUNG FLN~ROMAGNETISCI
DIE KANTENBT~DINGUNG IN
AN VOLKOI N LEITNNDNN EBENEN SCHIRI N
WDLLDN
(fraction Theory of Electromagnetic Waves by
(The Boundary condition in the Di
perfectly Conduct irk, Flat Screens)
JI Meixner, Aachen,
Institut ftix theoretische Physikk
der Technischen Hochschul
(Institute for Theoretical Physics
of the Technical University)
ABSTRACT.
netic fields in the vicinity of boundaries of
The behavior of electromag
perfectly conducting surfaces is studied. Usually the electromagnetic field
on the boundary. In order to definitely define
strength rises infinitely high
value roblems, particularly diffraction problems,
the electromagnetic boundary p
finite should be limited in an appropriate manner,
the orclof tending to in ,
dar condition. It consists in the physically
This Is realized by the boon Y he electromagnetic energy density in the vicinity
plc,us ible rcqui~nt that t
r blc i.e., that the field energy be finite in
o r the boundaries be inti ~G~~a ~
artieularly simple mathematical expresaion of the
evert finite volume, A p au lied by the Debye potentials of the clectro-
boundary cond.I.tion is pp
sit of the boundary condition arises, because
j;-agnetic Field, The neces Y
' bons do not satisfy the boundary conditions
eciua
solutions of xwell $
and exhibit a behavior contradictory to physical conditions, p, sirple
example in this matter is presented.
sik" 6, olge, Band 6, (19 Sep 191.9) pp 2-9,
",nnalen der Phy
Dlectrodynamics - Diffraction of Waves
32
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VEN SAUI IN ELEKTRONEGAT~:VEN GP$EN
DIE DlF'FZ?STONSTkT~ORTE DER POSxT.T
olumn in Electronegative Gases)
(The Diffusion Theory of the Positive C
R. Seelinger, Greifswald,
physikalisches Institut.
(physical Institute)
ABSTRACT.
'ta. 've column is extended to electronegative
The diffusion theory of the pos1
gas a role of charge carriers. One is not
es~ in which negative ions also Flay and
otn len1entary terms to the relation between a
ermin ed here simply to add cp
P but must bo back,ef ining the electron temY~erature in the initial theory,
ds to formulas of crass currents. The ,resulting simultanous differential
war t ions to yield final
be solved under some sjmplifyina assume
equations may
formulas easy to evaluate,
a,n~. 6 (l9 Sep 1~~~7 ~ Dp 93-~6.
Band
~~ alen tier phys~.l:? 6, Fo~.ge,
- Diffusion theory, Electronegative Gases
Electrodynamics
. 33 -
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ZUB DEFINITION DES M.A NETISCHEN MOMENTES
(Definition of Magnetic Moment)
W. During, Braunschweig
Lebrstul fair Theor. Physik der Techn Hochschule
(Chair of Theoretical Physics of the Tech. Univ.)
ABSTRACT.
If we define the magnetic moment MH :of a body magnetized while immersed
in a liquid medium of permeability $L, by the equation: mechanical torque
Dmech ` LMHH7 and accordingly the magnetization TH by the equation
B = H + IH, then MH equals the volume integral over the magnetization of
the body itself arid. over the magnetization induced by the eigen-field of
the magnet in its surrounding. Because oi' convergence it is necessary to
pay attention to the integrating order of the infinite volume integrals en-
countered during computation. However, if' we, define the magnetic moment in
such a way that induction B plays instead of H the role of "magnetic field
strength", then the corresponding relation is lost. In the case of a current
circuit a s irItilar definition leads to an expression of magnetic momont, in
which besides current strength the permeability of the surround4.r~g medium
arises as factor. It is shown that this factor accounts for the fact that
the eigen-field of the current loop induces magnetization in the surrounding
medium, in a such way that the total magnetic moment of the current loop and
of the surrounding medium is proportional to i. The preference of some
manuals to define magnetic moment as ratio of torque and induction B leads
to a number of unpleasant aspects in physical relations and besides destroys in
many cases the analogy to corresponding relations in electrostatics,
"Attinalen der Physik" 6- Tole, Band 6 (19 Sep 1949) pp 69-88.
Electrodynamics - Magnetic Moment
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SC~L ELEK'ONEN
EINIGE EINFACT~ UBERLEGUNGEN ZUR RL1CKD7ISICN
-Diffusion of Fast Electrons)
Some Simple Discussians of the Back
(
W, Bother Heidelberg
ches Institut der Universitt and
Physikalis
? ftix Ph sik am Kaiser-Wi7.he~n-In5t1
Instatut y ftr med-, Farschun
Institute of the University and
Physical
institute for physics of the Kaiser-W ilhe
Institute for med. Research
ABSTRACTS
? or electrons from a thick wall is
In part 1 the back-dif f us a,on of art of
This method is valid for the low-energy p
treated as an albedo problem T
. iffused electrons, In part 3 a strict diffusion theory is discussed in
back d of the back-diffusion process.
order to comprehend rilore exactl,~ at least a part art l~ the
tribution curve is well defined. In p
The maximum of the ener~Y dis cuseed,
in on back-diffusion is briefly dis
effect of separate scatter 6
~~ 1. a Band 6 (lg Sep 1949 pp ~+4-52,
'~Annalen der PhYsik 6. Fo ~ ,
ElectroYcs amics M Back-diffusion of plectrons
- 3 5 w
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ZUR THEORIE DER RADIALSCHTIINGUNGEN DER ELECTRONEN IN EINER ELEKTRONEN..
SCHLEUDER
(Radial Oscillations of Electrons in an Electron Accelerator)
Helmut Jahn and Hans Kopfermann, Gottingen.
Zweites Physikalisches Institut der Universit~t
(Second Physical Institute of the University)
ABSTRACT,
From the equations of electron motion in the electromagnetic field of an
electron accelerator approxinn,tive formulas are derived for the electron os-
cillations around their instantaneous circle with finite amplitude; in
particular the dariping off' these amplitudes is given and applied to the field
of the 6-MeV electron accelerator of the Siemens-Reiniger Works.
"Annalen der Physik" 6, Folge, Band 6 (19 Sep 1919), pp 305-320,
Electrodynamjes - Induction Accelerator, Design
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BIN NLEKTRISCItEN UND MAGNETISCIIEN FLACHENWTRBEL BEI BNWEGTEN KoRPERN
(Electric and Magnetic Surface Vortices in the Case of Moving Bodies)
Theodor Schlomka, Hannover
Wilhelm Busch Str. 7.
.AB.
If an electrically and magnetically polarized body is moved, abrupt
jumplike variations of D and B appear to the observer at rest along the space
drawn in a straight line by the boundary surface of the moving body. These
local instantenous field-jumps of D and B along the moving boundary surface of
the body mean surface vortices of H and E to observers at rest. Formulas for
these surface vortices of H and E and for the surface vortex of the "driving
electric field strength" Etc = E t vB are given. An appendix contains a
acrivo,tion of a c,ncral forrnu].a for the local instantenous f1.eld-jump ?QF
a
on then boundary surface of any moving body, which is the carrier of an
arbitrwry vector field F.
"Annalen dor Physik" 6. Folge, Band 5, Heft 3?5 (26 Nov 1949) pp 190?196.
Electrodynat~ics ? Moving Charges
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MAssEINKETTEN" UND ELEKTRODYNAMIK
NATURLxCHE
cement" and Electrodynamics
(t~Natural Units of peas
U. St ille, Braunschwe1,
PhYsil~alisch-Technische Anstalt
des Vereinieten Wixtschaftseba.ets?
?calwTechnical institute of the BiZone)
(physl
ABSTRACT .
B of "natural units of measurement"
selected law
Y means off' a sDeciall;l
w .ndone thermal units, contain in each caswhich, besides three mechan? ~.ca~ . a dis-
c elementary basic unit, it is shown how the
an electric and a magncti
cximinatin~ c~us,ntitY clcfinition of electric and magnetic quantities, based on
ffected in the domain or atomic physics.
3, L, and ~ basic quantities, is a
canes of the quantity of o tornic
a~sirn lc representation and si~nifi
Here ~
? uanity intex?retation of rle;ctro-
.. gicq
e,hYlies, ehs,raetcxist ~.c for the 5ba
~
3. namiea, are obtained.
Heft 3-5 (26 ~xov 199), pp 20~-212.
"Annalen or I'lzyailc" 6. I'olge, pond. 5,
D1ectrodYnam,ics - Unite of Measurement. 8 M
3
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STRENGE TIiEORIES DEB BEUGUNG EBEN ELEKTROMAGNETISCHER WELLNN AN DER
VOLKON INTENDEN KftEISSCHEIBE UND AN DER KREISFORMIGEN OFFNUNG
a
IM VOLLKOl1EN LEITENDEN EBENEN SCHIRN
Precise Theory of the Deflection of Plane Electromagnetic Waves by a
Disk and by a Circular Aperture in a Perfectly
Perfectly Conducting Circular
Conducting Flat Screen)
J. Meixner and W. Aridrejew$ki, Aachen
stitut der theoretischen Physik der Techn, Hochschu1e,
In
Institute or Theoretical Physics of the Tech. Univ.)
ABSTRACTS
the deflection of electrOmagnetic waves by a perfectly
The prob1e1,1 of
disk is exactly solved by the Hertz's potential vector
conducting flat circular
and its into spheroidal functions. The solution satisfies besides
expansion i
emission conditions, also edge condition and therefore has a
boundary and
uniciuc value.
In the lin~i?? ~' n case of long waves particular attention is paid to the
~. g
field behavior and distribution of the current induced in the deflecting
circular disk.
Owing to the validity of the generalized Babirnet principle, the additional
deflection produced by%ircular disk aperture in a perfectly con-
problem of
ducting plane extended to infinity is already solved,
"Annalen der Physik't, 6, Folge, sand. 7, Heft 3.4 (1 Apr 1950), pp 157?168,
ptsr
lECtroaytnicr . De'lection of Waves
'ED
.39.
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ZUM PROBLEM BBR MAXWELLSCHEN SPANNUNGEN
(Problem of Maxwell's potentials)
A. Sommerfeld and F. BOP)?, MUnchen
Institut fair theoret isehe Physik
Institute for Theoretical Physics)
(
ABSTRACT.
check the various recently-suggested expressions for magne-
In order to
tostatic force density f , we add to Maxwell's equations the postulate that it
uhould be possible to calculate f as the divergence of a symmetrical potential
tensor, not only outside the magnet, but also inside it. The classical Max-
isized form does not lead either to f : .iv H.B or to
well tensor in symmetr
to the complicated equations (ii). Along with the Max-
f : N div. H. H, but
ent a "modified potential tensor", referring to the
well tensor, we.pres
recently published demonstration by L. Kneissler. The force density corres-
ponding to this tensor is outlined by the concept of an Ampere molecular
beam. The ratio of tho here derived torque to that derived from the Maxwell.
tensor is -L ; ( - permeability of the external space), Hence: the two
}lo w ?
tensors and thcir corresponding force densities iay be distinguished by means
of the measured torque. But we notice that from our purely phenomenological
tensor does not possess a unique form, and that the
viewpoint the potential
measurement of the torque does not give a definite interpretation of the basic
force density.
"?A,nrialen der Physik" 6, Polga, Band 8, Heft 1.2 (31 Jul 1950) PP 41-45,
Electrodynamics - Field Equations, Potentials
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ANIAKERUNG VON RATIONSSYMMETRISCHEN POTENTIALFELDERN MIT ZYLINDRISCHEN
AQUIPOTENTIALFLACHEN DURCH FINE ANALYTISCHE FUNKTION
(Approximation of Rotationally-Syrflmetrical Potential Fields with Cylindrical
Equipotential Surfaces by an Analytic Function)
Friedrich Lenz, Dusseldorf
Rheinisch-Westfalische$ Inst. ftr Ubermikroskopie
(Rhine-Westfalia Inst. for Super-Microscopy.)
ABSTRACT.
It is shown that rotationally-symmetrical potential fields with cylin-
drical equipotential surfaces, as they occur e.g. in electron lenses, are
extinguished exponentially at great distance from the middle of the lens.
A function is given, which accounts for this phenomenon and expresses in
good approximation the field distribution in magnetic fields by an analytic
dependence on the dimensions of the pole pieces. The quality of the ap-
proximation is analyzed for symmetric as well as asymciietric fields by com-
parison with diagrams of numerically-computed field distributions.
"Amalen der Physik" 6. Folge, Band 8, Heft 3-I+, (10 Nov 1950) pp 124-128,
Electrodynamics - L1ectron microscope (Field Equations)
&//
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~IEGUNG DES BRENN~'~CKS AUF D
ERSUCI~UNGEN '~BER DID B
I~ERDAMP~' -NIEDER~RUCKB4GENS
KATHODD EINSS Q,~CAS ercury
H,ot .Spots on the Cathode of a M
nve st igat ions into the Motion of
(I
Vapor Low.pressure Arc)
Erwin Schmidt, $erlin-Siemensstadt
Siemens-Schuckextwerke A.
e ~tewerk (Equipment plant)
Gr
ABSTRACT' . ressure arc, the
time-exposure pictures of a Hg low p
1. By means of
se into individual hot-spots for strong
Foration oi' the cathode discharge
as found. Mere the statistically fluctuating current strength of
currents
a separate spot averages about 6,7 amperes (Chapter II&)
2, The random motion of an 1 spot corresponds pvlrely formally
individua
of a small particle in a homogeneous gas, The law
to the Brownian motion t of the particle
motion, that the mean square displacemen
valid for molecular applied to the
has to be proportional to the time of observation, may be
ra ecause the displacement law still
ndom wandering of the hot,-spot, B . ntexvals
,
correctly reI'lects the behavior, even in the case of short observation
of the hot-
sot assume that the time lapse pushing
the order of 4.10 , we shout
s of at random is at least one exponent of ten shorter than this shortest
p
observation time. (Chapter IIb)
a ropriate shape of the discharge space
3, Further in the case of an pp
a directional force is applied to the hot-spot, driving it in a direction
tending to shorten the arc curve, (Chapter IIc)
rested to
that this directional Force is initially
4, It is assumed tha of the
principle and that the frequency distribuLion
the Stcenbeck minimum Baltxmann
+ cross-section may be determined by the
hot -spot on the cathode s
the ratio, :of a Funct ion continuously
Formula, whose exponent is given by
de otential to the thermal disorder energy,
increasing with catho p
(Chapter Liza)
RESiHi!IJEb
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5, Statistical measurements of the frequency distribution on a plane
.
cathode, related to the cathode otential distribution, did not support
p
this assumption (4). (Chapter III b, c)
6. The connection between the local frequency distribution of the hot-
values of cathode potential, measured on a linear
spot and the corresponding .
(expanding in only one direction) cathode, may be very exactly expressed by
a Bolt zrnann formula (Chapter III d, e)
7, Connections between the exponents of the Boltzrrrann formula of the
t-s of and its drift variation according to the
diffusion constants of the ho p
theory of statistical fluctuation phenomens, prove to be satisfactory in the
case of a linear cathode. (Chapter iv)
$, Without f tiu^ther auxiliary assumptions it is not possible to explain
the results of measurements bY the minimum principle, (Chapter v) g. Afield effect of the discharge current is der:.vedd from investigation
of the effect of transverse magnetic fields on the drift variation of the hot
spot , If we take into account an effect found by J. Stark, that the hot spot
is deflected by the transverse magnetic field in an electrodynamically false
reasurementa could be explained by the effect of
sense, then the results of
the magnetic ei enfield of discharge, (Chapter vi)
S
colga, Band 4, Heft 5 (2 Feb 1949) pp 246-270,
,~nalen der Physik, 6. I'
electronics - Mercury Cathode
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CKABRANGIGKBIT DES KONTINUUMS IM ~CI{SILBER
U'BER DID DRU
HOCHDRUCKBOGEN.
nuum in the Mercury High-Pressure Arc)
(The Pressure Dependence of the Cont.
G. Bust and P. Schulz, Bonn.
ABSTRACT.
of continuous radiation of the mercury high-pressure arc
The intensity
for current intensities of 6 and 10 am in the pressure range of l6 to 36 atm
p 1,75
~, ~ c2p '
is measured. The pressure dependence n y be ereseed by S : ?po'7
K 1
where cl and c2 are constants and p is the pressure. Theoretically the term
r
d p
corresponds to recombination radiat ion., an corresponds to the
p
radiation of molecular collisions. Accordingly the test results are evaluated
be com oeed of recombination and molecule-collision
so as to make the continuum p
radiation. In the case of sma11-current -densities and high pressures the
molecule-collision radiation redominates; but in the case of high current-
p
densities and low pressures, the recombination radiation predominates.
'Annalen der Physik" 6, Folge, Band, 6 (19 Sep 1949), 1? 232-240,
Electronics - Mercury Arc
.44.
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DIE BESTIMMUNG DER DIELEKI'RISCHEN UND MAGNETISCHCN EIGENSCHAFTEN
INHOMOGENER DIELEKTRIKEN, INSBESONDERE BIOLOGISCHER KoRPER, IM
DEZIMETERWELLENBEREICH*
Determination of Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Inhomogeneous Die-
(
lectrics Particularly Biological Bodies, in tie Decimeter Wave Range)
*Abbreviated excerpt from Frankfurt Dissertation 191.6)
H. Schwan, Frankfurt a.M.
Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fair Biophysik
(Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Biophysics
PART 1. TIIEORETISCHE BEHANDLUNG DER RESONANZVERFAHREN ZUR BESTINJMLJNG KOMPLEXER
WIDERSTANDE UND MATERIALEN BEI DEZIMETERWELLEN
(Theoretical Treatment of Resonance Methods for Determining Complex
Resistances and Materials With Decimeter Wave)
ABSTRACT.
In the present work non-quasistationary resonance methods are discussed,
We should mention in advance that quasistationary methods of measurement may be
applied not below the 70-crn wave limit, provided that only cases of logs-free
resistance are treated and that some corrections, conditioned by the beginning
of the non-quasistationary behavior, will be taken into account. Due to these
specified limitations in the decimeter wave range, only non-quasistationary
methods are of practical value. Therefore we attempt to find the most interest-
ing resonance arrangements and discuss procedures dealing with inductive exci-
tation. In this case five different arrangements are possible. A detailed
discussion is presented of three cases of most importance in practice.
PART II, DER EINFLUSS VON HALTERUNGEN AM ENDS VON LECFfRLEITUNGEN
(Effect of Short-Circuiting Bridges at the End of Lecher-Wires)
ABSTRACT.
The work presents a study of the short-circuiting bridge at the end of
tho measuring line and its significance in the determination of reactance.
The results are outlined.
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of the short-circuiting bridge by a loss-free capa-
If substitution
ndent of the coupling, can be mane, we obtain
citor Co, practically indepe
? the short-circuiting bridge, the value of the re
lative error equal to tan (2a,./) tan (2 ( + where
o
resulting from coupling and the movable bridge.
are voltage division shifts,
is high at the terminals which require a wide
Hence the relative error
shift , It is concluded from quantitative data that, in cases of not well
bri es this error necessarily should be taken
balanced short-circuiting ~ ,
into account.
TRV { ' 'A RN ZUR BNSTThWNG DER FLEKTRISC N UND
PART III. AUSWFR
~ . TISCI-tEN STOFFKONSTANTEN IN DEZIMCTERWELLENGEBIET
P.t1GND
for Determining the Electric and Magnetic Constants
(Evaluation Procedure
of Materials in Decimeter Wave Range).
ABSTRACT.
The present work discusses the problem of appropriate determination of
o
four electric and magnetic constants of materials ~, ~t tan and tan - .
It is assumed that the sample of material will fill out, or surround, the end
of the Leeher?wires without modifying the line dimensions and that the familiar
method of voltage scanning between transmitter and. sample may be applied. This
method is used sari the wave ratio U(min) s U(max) and the position
for rnea ~
of voltage minima, while the sample at the deflected line terminal is once short-
d, The computational methods known until recently used for
and once open-circuxte
determination of the specified. constants of materials obtained from measured
data are rather turnbersome. The procedure outlined in the beginning of this
work and. only slightly improved as compared to procedures of other yrriters re-
quires ~8 operations (equations 8c, 8a, lob, lOc, 13a, 13b, 13e, and
computational
13f) a Only a small part of this work can be facilitated by graphic representation.
The application of series for evaluation involves a disturbingly long; time.
fence the problem of more appropriate evaluation procedures yielding quicker
results is created. Such procedures are presented in this work.
"Annalen der Physik" 6, Fo1ga, Band y, Heft 6-8 (16 an 1950) pp 253-267, 287-310.
Electronics - Dielectrics
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RAUSCASPEBEI SCHWINGUNGSIISEN
USER DIE BESCHNEIDUNG DES
e Spectrum in Oscillatory Circuits)
(The Cut-off of Noise
Wolfgang Boer, Berlin
II physikalisehes Institut der Univ.
Inst. of Physics of the Uni )
(II
ABSTRACT.
Feldtkellex (Geb.d,Nachr, tech 6, 2
As a supplement to the work by R
Folge (1936)) the noise of an oscillating circuit was computed in connection
ransmission band of the next amplifier, It was
with the width of the t circuit
itude of noise voltage depends on the amount of
round that the maCn
creasing attenuati.on. In addition the noise
attenuation; i , e , drops wa.th in
relative bane width. As follows from sub-
~,ncreasing
voltagc rises with
sequent discussion, the operation of input circuits subjected to attenuation
no means always advantageous. In special cases
a,s low as possible is by
ai~t to inductivitY ratios can be derived.
laws governing favorable c,apa Y
"Annalen der Physik? 6, role, Band 8, Heft 1-2 (31 Jul 1950), PP 87'92'
Electronics ? Noise Spectrum Cut-Of
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LUSSUNG DER SPEITRAT.~N F.~PFINDLICHKEIT
UTFRSUCHUNGN UBR DIE BEEINF
EN DURCH PHOTOSTROM UND AUSSENWIDF2 TAND
VON SELEN-PHOTO~LE1!!IENT
of Photo-Current and External Field on the
(Investigations of the Iluence
Sensitivity of Selenium Photo-elements)
irrngard Wolf, Potsdam
Astrophysikalisches Institut
(Astrophysical Institute)
A33Sr1~tACT
I, Two methods for easuring the spectral sensitivity of seleniwn
m
photoelements are described;
1, Reading of spectral sensitivity by use of an equi~energetical
spectrum.
2, Reading of spectral sensitivity While keeping the photocurrent
constant,
1 sensitivity in case 1 on the magnitude of
Ix, Dependence of spectra
sit in case 2 on the magnitude off' the photo-
the incident radiation inters y,
both cases on the coupled external field.
current, and in of the
oval increase of photocurrent with intensity
IZI, The nonproporti
various wave lengths is considered to be the
incident light, different for
cause.
"Annalen der Physik? 6. Pole, Band 8, Heft 1-2 (31 Jul 1950), pp 3O-4O.
Dlectronics - Selenium photocells
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SCN'ROT- WD JOHNSON-~'EKTES
ZUR THEORTE DES
(The Theory of the Shot and Johnson Effect
H. Dtnzer, Mainz a. Rh.
lisches xnstitut dex UniVexsit~t
physika
(physical 'institute of the University
ABSTRACT ? lif iers is limited
ion power of low and high-frequency P
The amplif scat Experi-
hn
ect$ , known as shot effect and Joson effect ,
by two f aaniliar ~ff
~~ available, A unif arm,
ental and theoretical treatises of both effects are
henomena is presentee in the fol-
ma,tical analysis of both oscillatory p
mathe
ow opes, it will eliminate certain forma
~.n tent and, as the writer h
1
theory and should therefore be of interes
deficiencies of the initial
3- J~ 10 Nov 1950, pp 176'1'
,~ 6. Fo1 e, Band 8, Heft
~,An,len or Physik ~
Electronics - Atnplif iers, Shot Effect
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EFFEKTE IN ItF-GESTEUTEN ELE' RONENSTROMUNGEN
RAUMLAIaUNGS
(Space Charge Effects in IiF..controlled Electron Beams)
J, Labus, Karlsruhe (Baden)
Siemens and Halske A. G.
Rohren-Labor. 2
(Tube Laboratory 2)
" 6. Folge, Band 9, Heft 1 (15 Mar 1951) pp 6-iC.
"tlnnalen der Phys ik
ABSTRACT
of transit-time phenomena along a controlled electron
In the study
n to W. C. Icahn, the existence of plasma, consisting
bean we presume, accords g
balanced electron and ionic charges. Because of the
in unexcited state of
lc,rt;er mass of ions, only electrons execute rapid oscillations. such shift
of b sic space ehargo effects, resulting in formation of
balance produces dynast,
entration (phase focusing). In this reBpect electron space
electron cone
time (static), are useful in prolonging the transit
charges, invariable with
respective quantities (e.g. velocity) may lead to a
time. One of the -
differential equation with coefficients independent of positions in the case
of vanishing static space charges. We take this undisturbed state (cor-
as a starting point and develop the solution in terms
xesponding to plasma)
of a distortion parameter, defined by the ratio of space charge to electron
charge. The more we a roach the state of a pure electron beam, the more
pp
d amic space charge will decrease as cottapared
the defocusing e tfect of the yn
to the static.
Electronics ? space Charge
50
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TLDUNG DURCH DRET Ty,SESCk~, STARK
ERECHNUNG DER ETEK'fRON~NOPTTSCH~N ABB
B
T DER GE4dOHN'.~TCI~N LTNSENGLETCHUNG
MAGNNTLTNSEN WD THR ZUSAMMSN'~G M~
1 Tma e by means of Three Typical-, Strong
Calculation of the Elects?on^Opt~ca g
( ens Eq )
gnetic Lenses and a.t$ Connection with the Ordinary L uation
Walter Glaser and Friedxicl1 Lenz
Wien, Tnst, f, angew, Phys. der Tech. Hochschule
s
(Vienna, Inst. for Applied Phy, of the Tech Univ)
~?Halske AG
Berlin, Abt ? . Elektronenopt ik der 5 inens-Halslte Inc
Berlin, Div, for Electron Optics of Sie
(
D>.isseldorf , Rhein?Westf Tnst f . Uberznikroskopie
exmicroscopy)
Dusseldorf, Rhine-Westfalia Inst. for Sup
(
ABSTRACT.
(~)2) for
netic image fields Bx = B0/(1 s z a k,
For three typical a~
- z/a~2 the relation between object and image
1 and y ~ = 2 and B z - Boe ( ,
ication from numerically computed electron
ositions, as Well as the magnif
p
of the parameter J2/U* are exactly enmputed. The
iaaths for various values utation
dinar lens equation is derived from the coinp
connection with thy: or y
cardinal elements of the specified ;fields.
of the osculating Newton
"Annalen der Physik' 6, Folge, Band 9 deft 1 (15 Mar 1951) PP 19-28.
,
lectronice - lectrorn Optics
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ARELEKTRONENFMISSION VON Ni, Mo, MgO UND VON GLASS
SEKUND
(Secondary Electron Emission from Ni, Mo, MgO and from Glass)
G. Blankenfeld, Berli.n-Such
t fair Festkorperforschung der Deutsche Ak,ademie
Institu der Wissenschaften.
(institut?e for Research on Solids, German Acad Sci)
ABSTRACT,
ce of secondary electron emission of Ni, Mo, MgO
Tempexatu~e dependen
and of glass for various primary energies is investigated, The tmissivity
of secon s by Ni and Mo is independent of temperature and by
secondary electron
sium oxide exhibits a decrease oj1 emissivity with
glass nearly so, Msgne
rising temperature.
"AnnalEn der Physik" 6. Folge, Band g, heft 1, (15 Mar 1951) Pp I+8-56.
Electronics - Secondary Omission in Ni, Ma, 4gO, Glass
52
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ETNES SCAWACEN WECRSELSTRONJES TM
OC~ffRE~URNZWTDERSTAND UNB ' WRUNG
I~
It ERUNG ETNES STARN GEETCI~STROMES
SUPRA1TTER BET ~~ in a
Distortion of a Weak A1.texnating Current
R~.gh-rxequeney Resistance and
on of a Stxong Direct Curxcnt
Superconduetox by Superpositi
Johannes Geiss, Gottingen
Max Blanck Tnst itut f qtr physik
(Max Planck Institute f or physics)
ABSTRACT
According of superconductivity,
to the extended phenomenological theory
the behavior
under the assumption ?f the existence of a naXimu l current density,
simultaneously to the flow of a strong
of a superconducting wire subjected
irect current ra,na a weak alternating current is computed. The approximative
d
rent follows distortion free the fre
results show that the alternat inG cuz' nds on
uency of the input voltage, hi 1o the high-frequency resistance depe
~1
rent in contradiction to the results
the strength of the superposed direct cur
of according to the attempted
theory. This discrepancy is so strong,
erimental proof should be possible,
~,he linear evaluation, that an exp
deft 1 (15 Mar 1951) pp 40'47.
t+ alen der Physik" 6. ~olge, 73and 9,
Ann
Electronics - Supreconductivity
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ZUR FRAGE DER WIDERSTANDSSCHICHTUNG IN KUPFEROXDUL-GLEICHRICflTERN. II.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN GLEICI~RICHTERSCHEIBEN
(The Problem of Resistance Layers in Copper Oxide Rectifiers, II Investigations
of Rectifying Discs)
Frank Rose, Pretzfeld (Oberfranken)
Siemens Schuckert Berke
(Siemens Schuckert Works)
ABSTRACT.
Impedance measurements of Cu20-rectifiers up to 100 Kc are reported.
The measurements were performed in the temperature range from about 195?K
to 303?K and on rectifiers of various basic materials, produced in various
cooling conditions. The method of conductivity analysis by K. Lehovae,
described in part I, is applied to the measurements,
"Annalen der Physik" 6. Iblge, Band 9, Heft 2-4 (30 Jun 1951) pp 121i.-1L+0.
Electronics - Cu0 Rectifier Discs
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;*S1 yiC1 ?h
a
ti
FLACI~ENGROSSEN UND ELEKTRODYNAMISCHE GRENZBEDTNGUNGNN BEl HE4;GTEN KORPERN
U "
(Surface Ruanta. ,.ties oynd amic Boundary Conditions in the Case of
and Nlectr
Moving Bodies)
H. Epheser and T. Schlomka, Hannover
Ferdinandallbrechtstr, 30 and Wilhelm-Busch 7.
?
W
S
bodies
ectrodyncn-~ic boundary conditions of moving
Then it is shown how the e1
the eneral Lorentz transformation to three-
are f aund by s,p~ylicat ton off' ~
ons valid far the rest system of the body, or
dimensional boundary conditi ,
forr U11Dtion of these electrodynamic boundsry
a more a ianple four -dimensional
conditions.
~~ n Band 3, Heft 3..)4. (ld NOV 1950), pp 21122O.
"1~uialen der Fhycik 6 ~ Fore ~ ~
elativity - Electrodynamics of Moving 8od3.eG
- "
UAV
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ABSTRACT, iven;
re resentations of the following; quantities are g
Four?dimenaional p
distance between 2 points of a moving body,
su1tane0usly measured spatial
s,Ce element of a body, unit vector normal to
simultaneously measuxed surf
d surface current density, as well as surface
the surface, surface charge an
Here anew relativity factor appears; k -
n
conductivity cux'rent density.
f ()2.i/2
i
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ZUlf REGULARISIERUNG DER KGASSISCBN E~ODYN K '
(Re ulation of Classical Electrodynamics*)
S
(*Dissertation, Jena.)
H. Lehmann, Jena
Theor. -Physikalisches Inst der Univ.
(Inst. of Theoretical Physics of the Univ.
N3STACT.
The 1~ro1,lcm of e1i inatin difficulties in the classical electron
framework of a linear Lorentz-invariant theory, is
theory, within the
treated. Sts,rtir~ with the substitution of Green's functions Of N .XWell's
reasions, we obtain a uniform representation of
wave equation by regular exp
various works in this field.. Particular research is devoted to field
advanced effects energy~imBulse tensor, as well
equations, occurrence of
as the radiation of accelerated electrons, finally it is indicated that the
chicved if, while conserving the Maxwell equations,
similar results are a
we chance the expression of the Lorentz Corce,
''Annalen der Phyeik" 6, iol?, Band a Eft 314 Flo Itov 1950y: ~r 109-123,
'
Relativity - 1ectrod1nami0 Fie24 uationo
y6
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DAS oI 4 d*E GESETZ BEI' 'BEWEGTEN K8RPERN
(Oi rn' s Law for Moving Bodies)
Teodor Sehlornka, Hannover
Wilhelm Busch Str. 7
ABSTRACT.
Two different three-dimensional ormulations of Ohm's law for moving
bodies are available in literature The difference consists in a different
decomposition othe total current into conducting and convective current.
In the old current decomposition the product 4Lu, ?orriied by the conducting
chargc density rho o and the velocity of the body u, is considered to be
i
the eonvrvctivc current density, while in the new decomposition the current
clenDity gnu rlAkes up part of the conducting current. The atomic derivation
of the conducting current in moving bodies leads necessarily to the old
conducting current density GLld; therefore only this value and the here
connected three-dimensional concept of Ohm's law are acceptable. From the
transformation formula for Gold a new fourth-order tensor sLk of the con-
L
duct incurrent is derived; it leadp to a new four-dimensional formulation
of Ohm's laws u 1sik =
"Annalen der Physik" 6. Fol~e, Band 8, Heft 5.8 (ly Feb 1951) pp 216.252.
Relativity - Ohm's Law of Moving Bodies
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'A~ELN
NETEN IN FELDE FINES PE
DAS DRERMOMCNT FINES P~ftI!~NE1!1TEN MAG
Iv1EDIUMS
c1 of a permeable Medium)
Torque of a Perrrnent Magnet in the Fief
(The A. Sommerf
elc~ and E. Ramberg, M~,nchE:~~')
xnstitut fair theoretische Physik
(instituteor Theoretical physics)
(#) Princeton, L J. RCA Laboratory.
ABSTRACT,
r roblem; the prolate homogeneoualy-
1, Solution of the bounds y P rection2?
eneous external field of arbitrary di
ma,gne~~i7ed ellipsoa.d in a ho~~aog , of
n>.odif ied potential tensor. 3. Perfortnance
Col~putation of torque from a
i case of the rod magnet . 5. E11tpa
integration , Limit oid of revolution
~~ ng
of arbitrary form/, in particular the case 1,. =
8 Heft 1.2 (31 Jul 1950 pp
~~A~s,1en der Phyaik" 6. Fo16e, Band ,
sm ? p4netic Torque (Moment)
Electxoma~noti
58
. ;a r,
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ZUR DEFINITION DER MAGNETISCHEN GRQSSEN
(Definition of Magnetic Quantities)
Johannes Fischer, Karlsruhe
Schirmestr,
ABS~fl ACT.
Contribution to the question whether the effects of magnetic forces on
carriers of magnetism should be expressed by K = QI, M = LHH7 or by K :
B', M = p Y' - The similarity of revealed magnetic effects produced on
current conductivity and on magnets should not necessarily depend on the
fact that the effects of forces are expressed by the soiae magnetic force
vector B',' the sinilarity rl~ay already be ceen from the interchanibility of
both effccto, ma netically indistinguishable; thus either of the two
~csignations for forces is sufficient. - The pole strength pH is in principle
always niea3urab1o by a uniquely dcfned vector flux o aside the magnet; it is
an internal property of the magnet, independent of the permeability of the
surrounding iedium. But the pole strength depends on the latter, and its
accurate determination requires the always available exact knowledge of
the r,ia fletic field inside the magnet. - If we consider the electric charge
as an independent basic quantity for which the consorvat ion law holds, then
the eloctric charge q, magnetic moment n~ and magnetic pole strength pB are
electric quantitative magnitudes, and ni and pH are quantities of electric
intensity. If we consider m or p as the basic independent quantities for
which the conservation law holds, then mH and pH may be considered magnetic
quantitative, but the electric charge q is then the magnetic intensity.
If' the electric charge, magnetic moment and magnetic pole strength are
magnitudes of the same kind (with respect to either quantity or intensity),
then the conservation law holds only for either c1, or m and p. If the
conservation law holds for the electric charge as well as for magnetic
. yg .
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moment and magnetic field strength, then q, in and p are not magnitudes of the
same kind. We have to make up our mind for one of the two suggestions in
order to dxaw a conclusion concerning the question posed in the beginning.
"Annalen der Physik" 6. Pole, Band 8, Heft 1-2 (31 Jul 1950 pp 55-64.
Electromagnet iem - Magnet iC Quant it ies, Def snit ion of
6o
RE
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DIE ZUSTANDSANDERUNG DURCH DEN MSSSPROZESS
UBDR
(the Change in State Due to the Measuring Process)
Gerhart LMers, Hamburg
Tnst itut ir Theoret is the Phys ik der Univ
for Theoretical Physics of the Univ)
(2nst .
ABSTRACT
of transf orn1at ions not only contains some rules
The statistical theory
ilities of measurements, but also requires the
1'ox the computation of probab
verni the changes in state due to measurements,
rounding up of a law go n
van Neumann is discussed and rejecteci. A law
A law in this respect by J
essentially identical with the "Reduction of the
for the change in state,
ted. It allows a deepening of the concept of
Wave Function" is sugges
ents, Finally, measurements of states sc,tisfyinS
ac3.nissibility of r:Lcaauxer~
coconaary conditions are discussed,
"Annalen der Physik 6, Folge, Ba,nd 8, Heft 5-8 (15 Feb 151) pp 322-32$,
Wave Mechanics - Measurements, Changes in State
61
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LAIJFENDE ELEI{TROMAGNETISCID MULTIPOLWELLEN UND EINE NEUE M THODE DER
VELD-QUANTISIERUNG
(Traveling Electromagnetic Multipole Waves and a New Method of Field Quantization)
G. Moli~re, Hechingen-Hohenzollern
Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut ftr Physik
(Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physics)
ABSTRACT.
Incident and transmitted e1ectromaUnetic multipole waves of arbitrary
ultipole order are investigated, using a complex method of writing 2nd being
in close agreement with Dirac's theory of the electron-positron field, The
waves are distinguished, instead of by the usual separation into electric and
magnetic rnultipole waves, by their (circular or longitudinal) polarization
state. The invcstiration leads to the introduction of a polarization variable,
analogous to the Dirac rho-inatricos, A modified quantization order is
cugg,e t d, which in the case of an clectrornagnetic field makes wide use of
the polarizat .on variable and leads to finite field energy,
"Annalen der Physik" 6. Folge, Band 6, (1; Sep 1911.9) pp 14.6-162.
Wave Mechanics - Multipole waves, Field-Quantization
MEND..
- 62 ^
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