OUR COUNTRY'S SOUTH SEA ARCHIPELAGOES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP08C01297R000300180023-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 15, 2012
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: March 28, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
OUR COUNTRY'S SOUTH SEA ARCHIPELAGOES
:V. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
Building T730...' ?
Ohio Dr, and Independence Ave.?'S.W,
Washington 25, D. C.
Price: $1.00
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
FOR EJORD
This publiCatiOn was prepared under Conttact for the
Joint Publications Research Service as a translation
or foreign-language research service, to the various
federal government departments.
The contents of this material in no way represent the
policies, views or attitudes of the U. S. Government
or of the parties to any distribution arrangement.
PROCUREMENT OF JPRS REPORTS
All JPRS reports may be ordered from the Office of Technical
Services. Reports published prior to 1 February 1963 can be provided,
for the most partonly in photocopy (xerox). Those .published after
1 February 1961 will be provided-in kinte&f9rm.'
Details on special subscription arrangements for JPRS social
science reports will be provided upon request.
No cumulative subject index or catalog of all JPRS reports
has been compiled.
All JPRS reports are listed in the Monthly Catalog of U. S.
Government Publications, available on subscription at $4.50 per year
($6.00 foreign), including an annual index, from the Superintendent
of Documents', U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
All JPRS scientific and technical reports are cataloged and
subject-indexed in Technical Translations, published semimonthly by
the Office of Technical Services, and also available on,sbuscription
($12.00 per year domestie,,$16.00 foreign),from the Superintendent
of Documents. Semiannual indeiieP to Technical Translations are
available at additional. cost.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
JPRS: 18,424
OUR COUNTRY'S 'RAM SEA ARCHIPELAGOES
- COMMUNIST CHINA -
gollowing is a translation of a Chinese-language
book, Wo-kuo Ti Nan-hai Chu-tao (English version
above) by Chien Tung-klang (7115 2767 1660), Pei-
ping, 1962, pages 1 - 32. The document was edited.
by Wt.. Han (0702 2498) and published by the Chung-
kuo Ch'ing-nien Publishing House.7
Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 1 Our Country's South Sea Archipelagoes
2
Chapter 2- The Formation of the South Sea_Archi-
pelagoes
6
Chapter 3 The Rich and Beautiful Treasure Islands
12
Chapter 4: The Tung-sha Islands -(The Pratas)
17
Chapter 5 The: Hsi-sha Islands (The Para,cels)
20
Chapter 6 The Chung,..sha Islands
24
Chapter 7 The Nan-sha4plands '(The Spratlys)
26
Photo Captions
.36
- 1 -
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Chapter
3)ur Colmtryl.s, South Sea ,Archipelagoes
The moMent we :bpen the map of the People's Republic of' China,'
we can see that Otir ' great country not only covers a vast land area,
but also a wide -ocean. South of our mainland is the largest of our
four seas - the South Sea. As it is located south,of our mainland,
it is called the South Sea, or the South China Sea.
The South Sea is a vast and deep sea adjacent to land. The
winding coast line extends to a length of approximately 2,900 kilome-
ters. Its north borders on the three provinces of Kwangtung, Fukien,
and Taiwan. The line from Chen-hai-chiao in the Amoy Bay to Chu-shui-
chli-k tou in Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait divides it from the East
China Sea. It extends south to the Chia.-li-man-tan Island, southwest
to Viet Nam and the Malayan Peninsula, and east to the Philippines.
Its north-south-length is more than 2,300 kilometers, coveting an area
of :approximately 3.4 million'eciudrekilometers. In the north, near
the coast, there are long belt-likestretches of land (shallow shoals);
south of Taiwan and the Hainan Island,
deeper, reaching down to 5,400 meters.
Taking a steamship from Canton, we can navigate this vast sea
? and see the most fascinating seascape. We will see many many islands
and islets like diamonds inlaid on the blue water. The four groups of
? islands and reefs in the South Sea belbtging to our country can be
grouped into the Tung-sha, Hsi-sha Chung-sha, and Nan-sha ? Islands ac-
the shoals become deeper and
2
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
cording to their distributitiii.
"r.
Mhbie they are known as the
South Sea Archipelagoes. Ever difiCe,ancient'Aimes -these islands and
iSiAS in the South Sea have been the% territory of our country.
The South Sea Archipelagoes are composed of lore than 1740
is-
lands, shoals, and reefs. They cover,a.wide area measuring about
_ .
1,800 kilometers north-south.and 900 kilometers east-west. The Tung-
_ ?
sha Islands are closest to the mainland, about 260 kilometers .south of
Swatow.. They are composed of the Tung-sha Island and two hidden
,
shoals and are the northernmost: .group in_thsSouth Sea. Archipela-
goes.. From the map, we can see that they are situated.between.Taiwan
and the Hainan Island. The group in the west is called the Hsi,sha
Islands. It is located to the southeast of the Hainan Island, about
330 kilometers from the. famous fishing bay of the Hainan Island, the
_
Yu-lin Bay. It is composed of a large group of islands, islets,
shoals, and reefs. The middle group of islands in the South Sea is
. . P
called the. Chung-sha Islands,A.ocated.to the southeast of the Hsi-sha
Islands, and composedentirely ,ot,tnexposed..coral reefs. The.? .
south-
ernmost.group is the. Nan-sha Islahdb,,mith the-greatest number.of
is-
lands and islets and the largest kea. The Tseng-mu Shoal is situated ?
in the southern part. of this.grouf islands; it is the southernmost
-territory of.our.country, and its northern border is. about 2,000 kilo-
meters from our mainland. The distahCe between the Tseng-mu,Shoal.and
Canton is greater than that between Catton and Peiping.. The Lclimate
of the Nan-sha Islands is :equatorial, and it is summer all year round.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Az it is in the southernmost part of our country, it is often
called the -"South Pole" of China:
The South Sea is a tropie sea, with its special natural fea-
tures. Its marine resources are Very richi abundant with tropical
fish such as the chin--chliang fish gurnards,'and big yellow fish.
It is one of our important fishing areas. The many islands produce
large -volumes ,of bird droppings, phoephorue, and other excellent fer-
tilizers and delicious tropical fruits. From its geographical poei-
tion, the South Sea is situated in the important intersection of the
shipping routes between the Pacific and the Indian Oceans and between
Asia and Australia, and it is the center of communication of Southern
Asia, Southwest Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. It is also the
center of Southeast Asia and connects our country with Viet Nam, the
Philippines Malaya, and Indonesia. We have established light houses
and other nautical signs to direct navigation. The many islands in
the South Sea constitute the outposts of our sea defense in the south.
They are important in navigation, fishing, and national defense.
The South Sea Archipelagoes are warm and rainy all year round,
and trees and plants flourish in all seasons. Regardless of the size
with
of the island it is always covered/shrubberies and tropical fruit
trees. The cocoanut forests are outstanding, extremely resistant to
ocean winds and waves.
In ancient times, our ancestors called these islands "thousand-
li stone ponds" and "ten-thousand-1i sand bars." They were the head-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
quarters of generations .of our fidhermen from the Kwangtung,and Fukien
coasts. The industrious fiShertrileiv after tiling for a whole day,
would anchor their boats' under the stars:in a nearby island, for the
night
t
The :South Sea -Archipelagoes were dibdovered by. oUr 15eople a.
long time ago. They appeared on our map in 1730. They form a part of
the beautiful mountains and rivers of our country, and are sacred and
indivisible.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Chapter 2
The Formation of' the South Sea Atchipelagoes
'
Do.you know how.. the many islands, shoals, and reefs were form-
ed? It is:a great miracle of Nature. Natural scientists have long
.- --
discovered the secret therein. The creators of this miracle were not
huge animals- of the sea but billions and billions of beautiful tiny
polyps. How did these tiny .polyps turn into an island?
In the vast tropical South: Sea, myriads of beautiful, colorful,
,and dazzling tiny polyps live, bright red, purple, milk white and
many other colors. The polyp has a.,bodyof only.a few millimeters
long. It is small and soft, found only inttopical oceans. It is
gregarious and lives in a-oolony. The structure of the body. of the
polyp is, like a two-section rubber tube put together, with eight dia-
phragms within. The mouth at the upper part usually has eight ten-
tacles around it which serve as the tool to catch food. The hollow
space inside the.body is the digestive organ-.. Its structure can only
like
be seen under the microscope. :Congregating together, the polyps look /
shrubbery bushes. Thus, they build many coral islands and reefs in
.the vast ocean.
?The tiny polyp is a delicate animal among the marine animals
and needs a special environment. It lives in clear tropical ocean,
with the, appropriate salt content and away, from large river outlets.
The temperature. of the ocean water is also important. It must be
180 Cor above,-.-for otherwise the polyp mill not survive. The tem-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
perature-differencetetween the seasons must not be too great. In
deep Water, due to the low temperature and great pressure, the polyps
will not survive. It fires besi in shallow ocean within a depth of 40
? . ? .? .
meters. According to observation, -anywhere in the tropic ocean where
the depth is beyond 60 meters, no coral is found.
The ideal en_vironment for the polyps is along the equator; far
from any river outlet, in shallow Sea where the bottom is rocky. Due
. ? _
to the unstability of the crust of the earth, the South' Sea, along the
edge of the Southeastern Asian dontinent, has undergone volcanic acti-
vities many times, forming innumerable protruding rocky areas in the
bottom. There are few large rivers pouring into it frowthe'islands
and peninsulas around it. The salt 'content is northal. . Hence, it pos-
sesses various 'favorable conditions and furnishes the ideal environ-
ment to the tiny polyps.
What is amazing is hod' these tiny polyps build-the large coral
reefs and islands. .The feat' is the result of the collective effort of
the polyps, and tlie great miracle of Nature is created by them-toge-
ther.
At the beginning, the many g,regarious polyps grow on sandstones
at the bottom of the ocean and bedome a type'of static animal. Clus-
tered together, the tiny polyps look'like shrubs or stately trees.
- ,
Some of them branch out into different diredtions; while others look
_
like mushrooms or beehives (often processed into jewelries and art ob-
. ,
.
jects). When the sea "l.'s calm and the .Wate-r clear ,' they can be- seen 20
7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
or 30 feet below the surfacef4pu like to Swim with water goggles,
-
you datienjoy the beautif4,and,ama@ng,sights at the bottom of the,.
sea0 These tiny gregarious polyps Ceaselessly grow Upward and expand
rapidly.
.After acquiring food from the ocean and digesting it
riads" of tiny polyps secrete a sort of calcareous substance,
the my-
which-becomes the eternal skeleton the coral stone. The dead'po-
lyps, when covered with mud and sand and the shells of other marine
life, after hundreds or thousands of years, or an even longer period,
become the fairly large coral reef. Why is there such a great varia-
tion of time? The? environment affects the propagation and growth of
the polyps. According to many investigations, the growth of one meter
of the coral reef requires requires between 35 and 300 years. Howe-
ver, even when it takes 300 years to grow one meter, from the geologi-
cal angle, it is still fairly rapid.
Polyps cannot survive out of the sea water; therefore, the co-
ral reef cannot grow higher than the surface of low tide. It is,a1-
ways under the surface of the sea, forming a wide flat platform.. On
its top, the waves carry the polyp skeletons sand and sea shells to
the center part, forming the coral island. Hence, the area of the co-
ral island is always small, often computed only in square meters. The
Yung-hsing island, the largest in the South Sea Archipelagoes, is pnly
of an area of 1,851,000 square meters (1.851 square kilometer). In
other words, its area is not quite two square kilometers. On the
8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
t,other hand r_the icoraIr? bf,,,r-the.-1W4 '?O Cdra.I Island- is" donider::-:
ablY.airgert The area: o f :the. :7reef -? is often !selieral ft? -.tens :of times
bigger than the isla.nd. !The rpeople 411-7:.the reef of the : o LO-o=
1461 Island the reef base.
? .* 'Co raI isiends 'Poimed rloValltili ion alOn e'la re Ilitited7iir hei ght ,
at an' eleliat:ion':of 7onli! One to two ::trieters cHOWever, 'with Sing
of the:en:1dt of the -eirth; tale height Of. co i6landif is :greatlY,iii::
cred6ed; ?-Islands of rten irieiers oi'mOrera.b6Ve
thelSouth Sea 'aiiChipelagoes ; \r, `.? c:..;o, Et "7- . t?-?
?f.. There are: three7iarge pfdtruding ireas South Sea . GrOW-7
ihg thereon; * thez?Siiia.11(-polypefTorm:Timaii.y.-:- reefs ;and softie of them.>
fUrthe rz g row 'into i sIands 1 top 'of the re e fcba e in.themot re dent
geol6gi cal t age , the:. crtist of _the ea.rth irr.: the bolbtom- of ithe'_ South Sea
has undergone agraduai upsurge; benefiting ev en'mo re Zthe *formation
of coral islands.
C
rtI,: The atudy fi the -structurallfokmatioin of:, co rail islanddi and
reefs: is; signifi Ca.nt.7. geological :iiistoi hine.ver Any co r-al-reef
liiestione :discovered in a. -e
- p-c"ifi&va.re,i.4, th.daWss; that
inthe se-
di '??Period the; "area wa-s3 On'ee'. a rwa;rialo c6airf` with normal': a e6-6-:.
-?:tent.61, If LcO.1 ibrafid st? highi4bove: ? the *-Tea-1leel: arid .%th:e
ckne-A f:Ttlie" -Cor;.161-ceef e-s-; `tile )
for the; 's iirviral:* 'the*--lbolkpi!, it shO-W4 that'. thei'e ha sr`be en'T a.
: olisurfaCe', or' the- bOttOin' of "-tlie", oCelnt 'to
?
- 9 -
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
S
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Though the polyps are the principal components of the coral is-
land, many calcium secreting coralline, p4rforata and to kfung-hSi
are all important participants. In addition, many other kinds of ani-
,
mal life living On the coral reef, such as the starfish, sea-urchins,
crabs, and fish help with its formation.
Now we know how the South Sea Archipelagoes were formed. Each
of the hundred and more islands, islets, shoals, and reefs has its own
name. According to their relationship with the surface of the water,
they can be divided into islands, shoals, hidden reefs', hidden
shoals, and hidden banks.
All coral reefs located more deeply underwater with a wide
platform surface are called hidden banks. When the hidden bank grows
upward and becomes closer to the surface it is called the' hidden
shoal.' New coral reefs close to the Water surface but still submerged
are called hidden reefs. Those barely above water covered with a thin
layer of sand are called shoals, and they are often inundated in big
storms. After many years of depositing, the shoals grow out of the
water surface and became islands. The island is covered with a layer
of fine sand, formed by the efflorescence of dead polyps and shell-
fish; therefore, it contains much calcareous substance. Due to the
proximity to the ocean, the salt content in the soil is fairly high,
creating thus certain difficulties in drilling wells for water.
In the long process of the discovery and development of the
South Sea Archipelagoes by our people, the large and small islands,
10
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
.shoals, and reefs were named '.i,dcording.to,the foregoing classifica-
tionbi We are familiar with the Tung-sha Island, the Yung-hping,Ie-
; ?
landi:the ehuiigl:chien Island, the Shih Island, and the
land:among the islands ,the An-po Shoal, the Yang-hsin Shoal, and the
Tun-ch'ien Shoal among the shoals, the Yu-chu.Reef, the Chu-pi Reef,
the Tan-wan Reef, the Krung-ming Reef, and the Hsien-o Reef .among the
; hidden reefs, the Hai-chiu Shoal, the Po-chuang Shoal, the Chin-tun
Shoal, the,Shen-hsien Shoal, the Hung-shih.Shoal, and the Tseng-mu
Shoal among the hidden ,shoals, and the.Pei-wei Bank, the Nan-wei Bank,
I.
the Chan-han Bank, the Hai-ma Bank, and the Hsien-hou Bank among the
hidden banks.'
? 1 -
?Though there aremore.than 170 islands, shoals, and reefs in,,
,
therSouth Sea,:our_middle:and.elementary school instruction and cur-
rent affairs propaganda-maps_cq.nnot. 0ow,them,intdetail py.symbols;
usually only pointssor coral reef symbols are used to.show the se-
veral principal 'islands.
-0
?
- ? ';.) . 1.- ?
1. ?
'
?
?
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Chapter t. 3.: .
The Rich and,-4eatrtiSul ?Treasure ?-Tsla,ncls
The marine resourdes. of the South"Sel;? AiehiPelagoes ("sire ?
:.?
fre?maYridant. -..-Thege'iSlands are ;the ilipOrni tiages 'f?C;i1 'our fish-
, - ?
ing induStry irid fOr the deVelOPMerit 'Of 'the. 8outh' Sea "reSources..
-
The S6ith Sea is a'ii?OpiC.zSa:'-jicent-tcl Except for the
,!
? ? ? ? - . - ?ru
northeastern part near the ?Taiwan S.trait-,- the water 'temperature is ra-
ther high,' with Sthaii. VariatiOnS' betWenwinter and 'dner.' "Tie tem:-
.0
perature Of the surface Water 'near'. lioneKong , 'for examPle, aVeritet
around 16? C in February, the coldet;;Motith, and 'arOiniCt-'280...b
Ad-
gust, - the hottest iionth, athfferene of only ardu'rid 12 in the year.
:
As for 'th-eCutiernm' OSt POrt. Vier'Soith Se the ;Urfa c'e 'Water
' ? 4 I f 4
temperature 'averages around 28 ?C all' year -rOUnii:-'? The water 'tempera-
ture of- the South -Sea- makes it possibie`Yor fidh to' propagate 'and 'grow
, .
in all seasons. tibe ;CI aiVr? PlanktOns alrfi there
" are numerous islands and' shcials and reefs,' furnishing- the 'food' and the
. ? ?
. ? _,
resting piabes for 'the' 'fish. On the Coral' 'reefs there are' many kinds
- of reef-4:1Welling fish. Their 'bright -and beautiful Colors against the
reefs serve as protective coloring.; Their' b'odY is generally flat and
thin; so that they can swim through cracks freely:" Therefore',- the
?_ ??_? ? . ,
South Sea has the most varieties of fish among our ocean fishing in-
? dustry. According to "available -data, we have aPprtheimaiely 1 ;54)0 va-
rietieS of salt' Water:fish, and, out'of tMt, 700' varieties 'come from
0 12
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17 : CIA-RDPO8C01297R000300180023-7
the South Sea; The vari6t16, ofit fish from the Sotath Sea with a compa-
ratively high economic Value number about 4?. This fact is closely
related to the favqriblenaturaI conditionsi
. -.1fie-Marine resources of the South Sea can be
. ? _
types: fish, shrimps, crabs molluscs; and shells.
?
divided into fiVe
LT he principal
varieties of fish are chin -chtiang fish, gurnards, yellow fish, hair-
. - ,
tail fish, roaches, huo fish, pomfrets ,and sharks, those of shrimps
,. . _ _ ,
.lobsters, large yellow' prawns, mud shrimps, and grass shr*mps, those
. .
or.crabs kua-kao crabs, ju crabs, and chien those
- .
fish, loathes, and cuttlefish, and those of sheels
clams, jen-chtung, and small clams.
of molluscs ink-
oysters, snails,
From the map, we .can see that.the,South.Sea Archipelagoes cover
X. ?
the area between latitudes 210 to ,4o,.at the Tseng-mu Shoal, mostly in
the tropics.. You may think that the weather must be'hot and humid,-
but it isnot. so. The temperature of February,.the Coldest month,
_
averages 25.6o C, and that of August,, the hottest month, 28o to 30o C.
Due -to the influence of the ocean the temperature difference between
-
winter and summer is small and the, - summer climate, though high,
? . ?
,is .not unbearably hot. The climate.is.that of the ocean controlled by
monsoons all year round, and it is one.of the areas with the best cli-
mate in our country.
The monsoons exert a great influence on the South Sea Archipe-
lagoes. The northeast monsoon blows in the winter between October and
,Harch, strong and sustained, and the southwest monsoon blows in the
. 13
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
-
summer hetWeen 14y .and ()etaOr i4We4 Old intermittent..
,Our famous navigator :of the Ning Dynasty, . Cheng Ho; sailed the
"West Sea" seven times between 1404 and 1433; 'He and the fiisheryilen.of
the South Sea were familiar with the monsoonth and 'ocean currents and
had no difficulty travelling the South Sea. Alen; the northeast mon' -
soon bloWe?:the liehermen will i'aise their ' sails and proceed- to-the:
South Sea to 'fish; and when the southwest monsoon blows, they
re-
turn with their catch. Between March and May, the -sea is cOmparatie-
ly . calm, and it is a good tithe for fishing. ' However, fishing is
possible in all seasons except during typhoons.
The marine products of the -South Sea in large volume's Consist
of the chin-chtiang fish, gurnards roaches, oriole fish, shales,
shuang eels; sea-cucumbers, sea turtles, and porpoises. Other pro-
ducts, such as large mothers-of-pearl, agar-agar'hai-jerv_Weed,- kylin
weed, sponges, con dile s , fld vari6us kinds of . shells are also abundant.
The chin-chliang.fieh is One Of the principal products in highsea
fishing. In the end of spring and during the summer,ithe chindh'iang
fish is seen everywhere. The roach', Which is abundant, is tender and
delicioue, the larger ones reaching *eight 'of-Around ten Catties.
The sea-Cucumber, valued by.oUr people as a delicacy arid: ' nutritious,
is produced in great quantities in the South Sea. - -r
On the beach the sea turtle is frequently seen. The large
ones measure more than one "Meter. and-weigh 400 catties. Both- the,meat
and the .eggs are edible, -and' the shell can be 'made intO the valuable
14
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
medicinal turtle gelatin. ,The she13. of the tortoise, which is similar
? to the turtle, is bea.utiful-_-,and jade like.bwt. easier to carve than
jade: 'It is the best rnateria.1 for picture and eyeglass frames.
-The agar-agar can be made into the chtiung gelatin. It is not
only-a medicine and the important raw material for paper making and -
textile industry, but also an excellent food. The world famous hai-
.?
jen weed, also known as the partridge weed, is also a raw material for
making medicine to treat tape-worms.
iThe-large volumes of shells and conches are excellent for
jewelries and buttons.
On the islands,' one will find thick layers of bird ? droppings.
-Bird droppings are one of .the special products of the South Sea and
serve as an excellent natural fertilizer. The layers of bird drop-
? pings are from the "chien birds.
There are millions of chien birds in the South Sea. In the day
? time, tens of thousands of them flyover the water to catch fish, and
by night-they return to the islands.
The life of the chien bird is very methodical. The fisher-
? men often use them as guide to fish in the day time and to locate an
?islandq?or shelter at night. Hence, the ,fishermen call them the
"navigator birds."
A long time ago, the people of our country had collected and
:studied the large deposit and' wide distribution,of,bird droppings in
the South Sea Archipelagoes. ,According to analysis, the phosphorus
15
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
content is between 11% and 27%, making an extellent slow-acting ?ferti-
?
lizer and highly effective for grain and industrial Crops. After ap-
plying stet' fertilizer, the output is generally increased by 10%
to 20A and yet the Cost is lower than chemical fertilizer. It is a
low cost good grade fertilizer, and serves as a good base fertilizer
for the red soil areas in the south. After the liberation, the Peo-
ple's Government has established a bird fertilizer company to explore
the bird droppings on the South Sea Archipelagoes.
Bird droppings are also a medicinal raw material. Ten catties
of caffeine can be rendered out of 100 catties of good grade bird
droppings, and caffeine is the principal raw material for making as-
pirings and cardiacs.
16
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
? Chapter 4
The Tunshafieland6
(The Pratas)
? Now, let us sail-throu6 the Sbuth"Sea Archipelagoes.
Leaving Swatoiq of kwangtung., the boat heads south. After 260
kilometers of waves and birds, we now see the lone ikana in the vast
ocean. This is the Tung-sha Island. The same route is often fol-
' lowed by the fishermen of Kwangtung to fish and collect all kinds of
marine products.
The Tung-sha Islands are a group of islands formed- by the Tung-
sha Island and the two hidden coral'reefs. The-two hidden reefs are
named the Nan-wei Reef and the Pei-ei Reef'. As the Tung-sha Island
is shaped like a new moon the fishermen call it the "NeW;Moon Island."
The platform belowthe water here the Tung-sha Islana is located is
not very big.
'Why is the Tung-ehi Island shaped like a new moon? It is Con-
nected with the environment of the polyps. As the. food and oxygen are
abundant near the reefs,' the polyps not only grow-and-Propagate rapid-
? ly, but the external calcareous skeleton beaoihes big and solid.
The higher the mei' grows upward, the more apparent beconies-the circu-
`lar. structure. Hence, the typical' "atoll" wai formed on the reef base
? of the Tung-sha Island: Theislandis the eaitern part of the atoll
^exposed-above the water.' -A reef lake of-a' mddium size is found in the
west.
?,
" Therei-6 a water-route in both the north and the south sides of
17
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
the Tung -sha Island leading to the reef lake. The depth of the lake
varies between several to more than ten meters. Many areas of the
bottom are covered with fine sand.' The surface is fairly calm and
the lake furnishes a good anchoring place for the fishing boats from
Kwangtung and _Fukien. It is the only anchoring place in the northern
part of the South Sea.
The length of the Tung-sha Island is about five or six kilo-
meters, the width about two kilometers, and the elevation several me-
ters. If we walk around the island we can see that the beaches are
of white sand. Beyond the sandy beaches are blue waters and behind
green forests. When viewed from afar, the beaches are like a snow-,
_white belt surrounding the island.
The beaches are loose and soft and full of pretty corals and
shells. This is a low and flat sea island, with tropical forests and
tall grass. The cocoanut forests along the beaches present a green
and attractive tropical scene.
There is a ta-wang temple on the Tung-sha Island, with cocoa-
nut trees planted around it. In the northeast, there is a fishing
village built by the fishermen from Swatow and Chlao-chou of Kwang-
tung. The island is comparatively near these areas on the mainland;
hence, it becomes the area of activities of the coastal fishermen.
The Tung-sha is one of the "treasure islands" of the South Sea/
and its resources are abundant, including marine products, bird drop-
pings, and tropical fruits. ?The oak tree found on the island reaches
18
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
a height of more than ten feet. Its marihe resources are extremely
important. Besides the sea turtle, inkfish, sea-cucumber, sea-urchin,
and shellfish, the hai-jen weed, a special product, is world famous.
The han-jen weed is a sea-weed found along the beaches of the
Tung-sha Island. It grows as fast as it is picked. There are not
very many areas where this weed is found, and the Tung-sha Island is
a famous producing area in the northern hemisphere.
The Tung-sha Island also produces large quantities of clock
snails (chung-luo). The shell is bright, lustrous, thick and hard,
and of different shapes. It is good for making into buttons. The
flesh is delicious, either eaten fresh or salted for export. In the
past, the annual output was about 50,000 tons.
The Tung-sha Island is located at the intersection of several
important shipping routes of the South Sea. Long ago, our country es-
tablished an observatory, a radio station, and a light house on the
island to direct naiigation and report on the weather for the benefit
of ships.
Sailing northwestward 90 something kilometers from the Tung-sha
Island, we will reach the Nan-wei and the Pei-wei Reefs. Both are
hidden reefs, close to each other and with a flat surface.
lorful corals, fish, and shrimps live on them.
1 9
Many co-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Chapter 5, ?
1isiLSha.'.keland8
(The-Parabel)
. ? ?
Sailing southwestward after leaving the Tang-sha. Islinds;
advance on the Hsi-sh'a Islands. From afai, the Hsi-shi'islands are
, .. ? . ? ort;? % -
like a bouquet of green flowers on the blue sea.
Unlike the Tung -sha Islands which has only one island, the
? ?- ? ? %. .L' - 1
Hsi-sha Islands consist of .28 islands. It can againbe subdivided
? ?,"2. ' . r ? ? ? - ? -
into two groups -- th& Hsuan-te Islands in the northeast and the Yung-
lo Islands 1n the sou?thwest.
f ? ' 3 L.; ,L't
'All the- islands in ihei.hagruia abountd with ma-fenk
. .
' 7 .' ? . r-
t ung trees. This tree 'Icelongs to the marvel-of-Peru familY,?also
:) :. ?? c:' ' .-Lf
known known as the white frost-resisting blossom tree. The lumber is loose
? -CD n "41-
and brittle, but the leaves can be used as hog feed. It is re-ported
- r, tj r -k 4,
that the ma-feng leave's of the Hsi-sha Islands are sufficient
'nf ?? ?,
for several tens of thousands of hogs. Ail the islands possess tropi-
-
cal vegetation and innumerable varieties Of plants. The trees in the
: . : J: .
San-ya and Yu-lin' ireas in Hainan Island e'rl all be found here. The
: .
. _ ? 1....).1_7' ..-' ... - .
. .
usan-yan tree is a tall tree, reaching a height of 30 to 40 feet. The
-
coir palm is the tallest, some of them reaching 100 feet, serving as a
.1 ' I
landmark of the island. 'In addition, 'there- are also the castor tree
- - -
(the. caitor -Plant in the tropics gioWs- big ? a tree)," the Pinea.pple
r . ( ' -
'free, the cocoanut tree, and the 'papaya. 'The- fallen leaves and twigs
nr. ? , ??? ? -.. ? . " .
turn the soirdark brown; extfemel3i soft arid-fertile.
' r
'120
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
The Hsi-sha IsiandS are algOthe paradise of sea birds and
known for the bird droPPingS.' :ihe Profuse'forests become the headquar-
ters for chien birds
In the Hsi-sha Islands, we can also see the ex-
?
traordinary scene of ,the "bandit bite waylairingrthe? chien birds at,
- ? ," ? ; 4.. J?..:4, ?
dusk, making the latter regurgitate their fish, and catching it in mid
?,?, ? t. ..., . ?
lir. ,.,..
.0n many of the islands, the bird droppings are about one meter
, ? / ? & .1. " `..
thick, mainly from the white-belly chien birds. The white-belly chien
bird is as large as a duck, found in
fly and roost in large colonies. The
tropical islands, and prefers to
I 7 . 1
egg is slightly. smaller than the
? duck egg and brown-spotted, The young bird is pure white, but the
5 ? , ; " .?-1.;
adult completely black, with only the belly white. The bill is green
? I ?
and the Feet rad. It. is a colorful bird. Besides the chien birds,
? . i.; ? -51 2.). ? ,
there are also the salenganes, spa gulls, and butterflies. The sala
gane builds its nest in the cracks of rocks by secreting a sponge-like
gelatinous
scientists
scorpions,
. lands.
substance, which becomes the bird's nest. According to
, . .... . ..,.. ) "-.2.:... ,, '.''.-7.-.) ? .'' .: . ..... ..-.--,..
who have worked in the Hsi -sha Islands, poisonous snakes,
- _ . -.- ....:........ ' 7 .:... ? '- .11,:. .... ' 7, 4 - ' , ? ? ? ..... , '
mosquitoes, ants, and flies are seldom found in the is-
-
?
-
'
r.
The Hsi-sha Islands constitute one of our richest fishing ,
? .
areas. Thousands of fishing boats andsteamers,sail here from the,
_ ? _ , " ')
Hainan Island, Chan -chiang, and Yang -chiang during the fishing season
-n r ? _ ?
to congregate at the Hsi -sha Islands for all kinds of fish and other
marine products, such as sailfish, rays* tiger sharks, sticklbacked
0:21
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
1: U?- ????;? ? ??
. ,
globe . fish, roaches, , .sardineei ? gurnards ,..*.mackerelai
inkfish, flying fish, shrimps, crabs, aea and laxge. clams. ,
,. ? . ?L. ?
Valuable produCts such as the plum-blossom _ginseng (mei-alua,sen) weighs
five ,,to ahltthe large4obster-Veigh:a. more than four -.cat-,
ties. a.pd measures. more than, one foot.-*., The . clam called 6chu-chIU:? ?
is ?unuaually the shell and fltsh. .together weigh mores_than:140,9,*
catties, and .the: -diameter, ?of?the*?.sheLl is one meter ?lting,. sufficiept-.:.?
for two bathtubs when
,
Fishing ,at. the ?Hsi-sha Islands is most ?interesting. The mo-
, .
ment the line is cast a whole group of fish will appear.. More than
100 catties can be caughtfin.a few hours. .'A..
?
Each year, from April to June, large numbers of sea turtles
? come with the warm current from the ,southwest to lay eggs at theHsi-
. ? ? ?.?
sha Islands. There are many turtles on the beach. All, one has to
.? ?
do to.catch them is.to turn them upside down?Fishermen.catch several
-thousanda.of--turtles every.year,:here..:Jhe turtle.lays its eggs ona,the
beach in the night-or-at.dawn. 'When ln,season,,one person can catch
20 ,to 30 turtles in,one*night.',
.Turtle eggs are.abput the size.of.table tennis balls.t 'Aeturt4e
can lay 160 to 170 eggs each time.. It:will-dig a deep hole..on_the,
beach, lay the eggs, and bury them. :The eggs are hatched in the hea
of. the, sand" and inabout.50 days,-the baby,turtlesta.re hatched.
Besides catching, large numbers,of; female turtles on e,:
?
22
?????
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
beach, the people also organize forces to catch both female and male
turtles in the sea by nets. Those expert in ewitming can also dive
,
down' into the water to do so.
' The Yung-hsirig?IAand is the laigest in the Hsuan-te 'eland-
group and in the entire South Sea Archipelagoes. -Nearly oval,
1,9-00-meters long and 1,300 meters wide; covers an 1,851,000
square-meters,.and ries ien meters above the sea. The Shih Island
is Oni,Y130 meter's nOrtheast of the Yung-hsing- Island.? Its are is
small, only 78,000 square meters. As both islands" are on the same
reef base, one can 14alk from one tO the other at low tide. Though
. _
shall, the Shih Island is one of the highest in the South Sea Archi-
pelagoes. It is 12.4 meters above sea leVei At'its nOrthwest cornier
'
where the elevation is ten-meters, there is'a layer of yellow sand
about-five centimeter; thick,' which proves that the crust of the earth
Once su'rged upwai-NL
The Shen-hang and-Kuang-chin Islands in the Yung-ho IslaFid? '
groUp are also located-on the saMe-reef base: The Shen-hang Island is
in the east,vd.th an area of-432,500 square metre. There is ,a small
lake on the island. The Kuang-chin Island-is in the ieA, with an
"-area of 76,2150 square meiers. -The coral reef between the two islands
-1-
are'several meters -below water. 'Fishing boas from the Hainan'Island
and -Other areas often aanchor here.
?
The 'trip from Yu-lin Bay of the Hainan Isla:nd to the Hsi-611a
, .
, ?
Islands 'requires about ten da Sts 'by sailboat, but only one day by steam-
er.
-23-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
.Chaiiter 6
The ohUng-sha Islands.
Leavingthe Hsi-sha Islands and sailing southeastward about
106 kilometers we arrive at the Chung-sha Islands.
On the vast ocean of the ChUng-sha Islands, we see nothing but
the waves. The fact is that none of the coral reefs of this area is
exposed above water.
On the map, we can see many hidden coral reefs here. They dis-
tribute from the northeast to the southwest, forming roughly an oval,
from latitude 15? 241 N to latitude 16? 15' N, and from longitude 114?
571 E to 113? 40' E, and covering 51' of latitude and 10 17' of longi-
tude. The longest distance is 140 kilometers and the widest 60 kilo-
meters, slightly smaller than the Hsi-sha Islands.
The hidden coral reefs of the Chung-sha Islands average about
20 meters below the sea surface, the shallowest being 10 meters.
There is no danger to navigation. When our steamer draws closer to
this group of reefs, we can see that the ocean water is light green,
rather than blue, due to the coral reefs not far below. In bad wea-
ther, the waves will churn and spray, and one cannot see the clear
green of the sea water.
The Chung-sha Islands are in fact a large underwater atoll,
with the shallowest area in the northeast about ten meters from the
surface. We can foresee that so many years later, if the crust of
the earth does not move, this group of hidden reefs will become a
24
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
"danger zone" to navigation. IfAhe qtu6t of the earth rises, the
protruding parts of the, hidden reets.vill*pidly turn into islands.
???? ???? Jo ?
'
25
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Chapter 7
-,The Nan-,Sha Islands
"(The Sprailys)
Leaving the Chung-sha Islbmds and continuing south i we draw
closer and closer to the equator and begin to feel the heat. However*
with the gentle ocean breeze it is not intolerable, and it is even
cool in the mornings and evenings.
We have been sailing on the ocean for two days and two nights.
We see the vast ocean and the sea gulls and the flying fish jumping
out of the water three or four meters high. This happens to be the
fishing season, and we run into many fishing boats from the Hainan
Island and the Luichow Peninsula.
On the third day, the equatorial Nan-sha Islands appear before
our eyes welcoming the visitors from far away.
? The Nan-sha Islands are the southernmost and most widely scat-
tered group of islands in the South Sea Archipelagoes. The map shows
that this group of islands cover .a wide area, from longitudes 117? 501
E to 109? 301 E and from latitudes 3? 521 N to 110 201 N. Its area is
larger than any of the three previous groups.
The islands in the western part of the group look across the
ocean at the southern portion of Viet Nam, the islands in the eastern
and southeastern parts neighbor on the Philippines and the Chia-li-
man-tan Island, and those in the southwest face Malaya and Singapore
across the ocean.
26
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
The coral islands and reefs At: the NanSha ialands are closely
distributed. Many areas ;have. not..been.,-sgrveyed, and they are the
"danger zones" in navigation. Now, we have learned that the Nan-sha
Islands have 15. islands 3' 'shoe:. la, and 74-hidden reef;-.and-hidden
-.banks totalling 94. In addition, there are also several 'hidden
shoals. The Size's of the islands are small ? and the ? elevation is gen-
erally low, not more than ten meters. ?
The danger zones" :are .mostly 'situated in the middle part of
the Nan-sha. Islands. The. Nan-sha; Islands :can be subdi'vided info the
east', south', and west groups. Among the three- groups, the -islands in
the west group 'contain ino6t, hidden reefs.
With latitude 10? N as the dividing-line-, the west group Oan
again be subdivided into the north .and south sections. The north sec-
tion includes the Cheng-ho Reef Group, - -Chung-Lyeh Island, the Nan.-
Yueh Island, and the Shuang:-tzu Reef. ? -The ? south seCtion includes the
Yin-chling Reef Group, the "Nan,-wei Island, and the :Wan-an Bank.
The Cheng-ho Reef Group is the most important atoll in the
, north and the largest in the South Sea- 144ipelagdes. It 'was 'known as
the "T'uan-sha Islands" in. ancient times,and also is the "T'i-chia
Bank.-" It includes the T'ai-pring Island, - the Hung-hsiu Island, the
'An-ta Reef, the Nan-hsun Reef, and the Tun-ch'ien-ShOal, all-on one ?
large atoll.. The atoll measures '55 kilometers from the .east to the'
West and 15 kilometers?fkom the' north to the south. 'The depth Of the
lagoon in the middle is between 9 and 11 meters, The water is compa-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
ratively calm and it is a good fishing area.
The Ttal-Ptind Island is the largest coral island in the Nan-
sha Islands. It is located in the northwest corner of the Cheng-ho
Reef Group, and its northern edge is more than 900 kilometers from the
Yu-lin Bay of the Hainan Island. It is shaped like a shuttle, slight-
ly pointed in the southwest and rounded in the northeast, also known
as the Chtang Island. The length of the island is 1,350 meters, the
width 350 meters, the circumference 2,800 meters, and the area about
432,000 square meters. The terrain is low and flat, the highest ele-
vation being only 4.18 meters. On the limestone cliff of the Coral
reef, a. layer of loose white sand formed bycorals and all kinds of
shells is spread, at a thickness of about three Meters. The very top
is covered with a bird dropping layer aboUt .7 to.1 meter thick. The
island abounds with cocoanut trees, papayaS, and bananas. The
depth of the reef base around the island is less than one meter at low
tide, making it impossible even'for small'boats to anchor. Hence, the
anchoring condition of the island is rather inferior.
Among the islands and reefs south of latitude 100 N, the Nan-
wei Island is the most important. Itis located more than 300 kilome-
ters southwest of the Ttai-p'ing Island. Its area is 148,000 square
meters and elevation 2.8 meters. This island is small and low, but
the anchoring condition is extremely good. The atoll in its northeast
has a navigation line of about 14 meters deep, and big boats can reach
the shore of the island directly. As the outlet of the navigation line
28
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
faces nOrth, it is not greatly .affeCted by iyAdOs 1.t.,is a good :
place for boats - to :weather storms. The .shipping? rbutes between Can-
_
ton and Jakarta and between Singapore and Honglcong and Manila all pass
by the west 'of the island. Hence, its position becomes even more im-
portant.
The reefs south of the ?danger zone" are mostly in the hidden
reef, hidden .shoal, and hidden bank stage except for .parts: of the
Tan-Wan Reef and Huang-lu Reef 'which are exposed above water at ?
heights of between one and three meters. The Tseng-mu Shoal is a Co-
ral reef in the .south section, about,two or three meters below water.
? The coastal shipping in the eastern portion of the South Sea '
passes by the east of the "danger zone" (called the Pa-larwang ship
ping route). The east groupAlas. dangerous reefs .such .as the Hai-ma .
Bank, the Chien-ch Tang Shoal, and the Pan-yueh Shoal.. The seamen tell
-their position by the color of the water and the shape of the waves.
to
The marine products of the Nan-sha Islands are abundant and the
fishing area wide, long serving as the area of activities of our, fish-
ermen. The water is warm and-the spring flood early. :When in season,
tens of thousands of fishermen congregate to fish. They come with the
northeast monsoon and return with the southwest monsoon.-
- 29
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
3.
P6i.we4 Reef
Han.vei Reef
Tang.she
7.
the
Legend
Man.afei Reef
Fei-wei Reef
Ttng.sha Island
Soa level
Depth (imetera)
Kilemoter$
Southwewt heast
the
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
???
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
2.
1 iird
Legend
Pei
chi i?44
3. 2 suan-te Undi
Nan
Nan Shoal
Shih island
? ,
S.
araeelo)
7. runPasing I
Cie Ho-ma 'eland
Chin-Fit IBland
iot Kan-eh Quan Ioland
Yealg-lo (Imp
124 Ling-yang Reef
1 3. Tao-oh Jam IeUnd Group?
j!, Ya-ahu Reef
1 5. Baa..kuang Reef
i6. P'arl-sb_ih Islet
17. Preng.T0 Reef
18, Pei Island
- 32 ,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
...eartnartlq,
t1,4re
? '?
? ?
tipt
rf-TE
?
The ItIng..hedhg tod SIA4
C4'
Of.}
lAgeud
tulg,halpg Telfuld
Sbih Zaana
e
geg,'
;$111,14er
r4,4 ?
CCF;;;k4
\'
? e,,,4
i MOW./
0 ?,5 t.,,',..
6 I ?
t
..,,,,,...,.../...,...,..a.,..,,,Ar
k ?
?
(6) The Chuug.abA IslAnda ?
Lemd (illwt?ble)
.. I
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
a
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Ta?
t
. , 4
41?ksta 1 3 i
0 P 1 ge5 T
fv.-4
0 ?0,
Mtal,
A 0 ?
?.* *
014!
E:
%. .
Ft ii g Vt. r.,
:tts:_ ___ . 1..,.......?........,....?......?.??,_?_,..4
Ntitt3txttigi0,193eXtaalOSCIIIMAIWV.AfiEsaang-tiOt=t3tale.Witr.WSatVtkthSW01 L.,.ueW--ei.
_
I
lim.4b,e, Islarvis
Lograci.
Vit
.6
ChreAg.yell IgiAnd M' a
Yii3t:rto. 't ing Island. 6,
Group
C4t.h.=4.tz IsIarid a.
Nark.vet I sawnd 10,
116- Philippines i 4.
S'A Yaitlft.k 16
0.,1143,1i,at.art.twi(Br.)
let,f
sprt _e?,
Skivan.tzu lt,e9ff
Vai.eirg Iulazd
atmg.Xo Rea tamap
atel
inf,tx Btu*
Nan-tfmt Fi*e.
Tesag.im Zkgai
Winurtea (Bra5WO
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
f p
Seetion
stm
7,4429 wradi
1.4m tido
;eters-
Flat Strtg
Phopbort.t.t,
atratm
6? -.*rel, met I
tide
;Mgt
rt
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
VX.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Photo Captions
1.
2.
The Polyp
The Beautiful Undersea Coral
Page Number
in Original
6
9
3.
Underwater Animal Life
11
4.
The Chien Bird
16
5.
The Sea-Cucumber
20
6.
The Hai-jen Weed
20
7,
An Island in the Southernmost Part
of the Hsi-sha Islands the Lo
Island
23
8.
The Sea Turtle
25
6080
CSO: 3540-D
END
36
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP08001297R000300180023-7