TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00893R000100320001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 22, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
MASTER 6 Intelligence CUPY
WT G ! E OuT
OR MARK ON
Terrorism
Review
22 December 1983
- Se
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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)Terrorism
1 Perspective-A Resurgence of Turkish Terrorism: Not If, But When
IOGI
3 Highlights
Iranian Terrorism: Prospects for Expanding the Anti-US "Jihad"
OGI
13 The Philippines: Anti-US Terrorist Threat Still Low
OGI
Director, Instability and Insurgency Center, Office of Global Issues,
Comments and queries regarding this publication may be directed to the Deputy
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Review
21 December 1983
A growing body of information-elaborated elsewhere in this issue-indicates that
Turkey may be on the verge of a resurgence in terrorism. The key questions
remain whether-and when-terrorism might again become a critical problem for
Turkey and how this might affect and be affected by the transition to a multiparty
democratic system.
Against a backdrop of wide disparity between economic "haves" and "have hots,"
terrorism flourished in Turkey in the 1970s. When the Turkish military seized
control of the government in September 1980, it acted to put a stop to rampant ter-
rorism, then claiming more than 20 lives a day, and to forestall full-scale civil war.
As part of its martial law regime, the leadership imposed a series of stringent
counterterrorist measures that effectively reduced domestic terrorist activity.
Now, however, as the country is moving gradually toward civilian rule, it is clear
that terrorism has not been eradicated and may, in fact, be on the increase.
At least until 19 March 1984, while martial law restrictions remain in place, the
regime probably will be able to keep leftwing terrorist violence in check. Moreover,
since the military is likely to continue to play a behind-the-scenes role in Turkish
politics, it will make every effort to ensure that martial law restrictions remain in
effect, at least during the early stages of the transitional period.
But will the terrorists seek to strike as soon as martial law is lifted, perhaps seeing
this period -as the most vulnerable for a fragile civilian government? We believe
that is less likely than the resumption of leftist. terrorism-possibly on a large
scale-further down the road. Terrorists probably recognize that, should terrorist
activity rapidly escalate, the government might quickly reimpose martial law,
particularly if Turkey were not yet fully weaned from military control. Such a
move would damage leftists' efforts to rebuild and stymie their plans for the post-
martial-law era.
We therefore believe that leftist groups probably will opt to wait until the
transition from military rule to a multiparty democratic system is further along be-
fore embarking on major operations. Leftist terrorists are then likely to become
dangerously active, exploiting the weaknesses of a democratic system where they
have greater operational mobility and freer access to the resources their operations
-equine.
Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Should we see a resurgence of Turkish terrorism, official and private US interests
there would be at risk. Leftist terrorists abhor the close links between the United
States and the Turkish military regime. Moreover, elements of terrorist organiza-
tions with histories of anti-US violence remain at large in various regions of the
country, and they have proved themselves capable of violence, even under the
strictures of martial law.
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Highlights
Guatemala: Increased Threat to US Interests. The terrorist threat to US personnel
and installations in Guatemala has risen to an extremely high level at the same
time that Guatemala's ability to thwart terrorist attacks has significantly declined.
Preventing such operations
will now be more difficult, however, because of a decision by the Guatemalan 25X1
Government to reapportion security responsibilities, which has resulted in a total
standdown of operational activity by AGSAEMP, the country's most effective and
El Salvador: Heightened Risk to US Personnel. During the past months, the
threat to official US personnel in El Salvador from both the left and the right has
escalated because of heightened guerrilla military activity; the creation of a new,
more militant guerrilla group; and increasing anti-American sentiment among the
forces of the ultraright in reaction to strong US Government pressure to curb
death squad activity. A new and even more aggressive guerrilla organization, the
Revolutionary Worker's Movement, has emerged as a spinoff of the Popular
Liberation Forces (FPL), which claimed responsibility for the murder of US
adviser Lieutenant Commander Schaufelberger. The creation of a more aggressive
group drawing from FPL ranks suggests that the extreme left may more actively
target US personnel. Salvadoran death squads also have been increasingly active
and are disturbed by US criticism, which has received extensive coverage in the
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Key Indicators United Kingdom: IRA Terrorist Offensive Under Way. The bombing of Harrods - 25X1
department store on 16 December appears to have initiated the IRA's Christmas
campaign in London.
wave of bombings poses a serious threat to US individuals.
Although the IRA does not intentionally target US interests, an indiscriminate
Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Kuwait: Islamic Jihad Strikes Again. On 12 December in Kuwait, six,large
bombs exploded at various US, French, and Kuwaiti Government installations,
causing numerous casualties and considerable damage. The explosives-laden truck
that crashed through the main gate at the US Embassy and blew up on the
compound killed five and injured nine at last count. The similarities in the method
of operation to previous terrorist suicide bombings in Beirut, coupled with a claim
of credit by the Islamic Jihad, left little doubt that radical Shias, inspired by and
perhaps deployed by the Iranian Government, were responsible. These bombings,
may portend a proliferation of Iranian
terrorist operations outside the areas (mainly in Lebanon) to which they have
largely been limited to date.
Significant Developments West Germany: Government Bans Neo-Nazi Organization. The Federal Interior
Ministry has outlawed the radical rightwing organization "Action Front of
National Socialists" (ANS), which is headed by Michael Kuehnen. ANS is
considered by the government to be the major neo-Nazi organization.
West Germany: Bomb Plot Thwarted. West German security officials arrested four
suspected terrorists preparing for a bombing campaign against US and NATO
bases. Two of the four have been described as members of the Red Army Faction.
The suspects were seized after police raided a house full of bomb-making
equipment and documents indicating their targets.
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Iranian Terrorism:
Prospects for Expanding the
Anti-US "Jihad"
Iran is expanding its war of terrorism against the
United States.
Tehran may be p anning a new rouna o anti-US
terrorist attacks, focusing on the Persian Gulf and in
some European capitals where Iran already has assets
in place:
? The recent bombings in Kuwait-which we are
almost certain were at the hands of Iranian
agents-were probably the opening gun in this new
wave of terror.
? The US Embassy in the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) reports that the Iranian Ambassador in Abu
Dhabi made an explicit threat against US targets in
the Persian Gulf area and the rest of the world to
the royal court only two days before the bombings in
Kuwait.
The ease with which the extensive and well-coordinat-
ed series of bombings was carried out in Kuwait-a
country whose security service is probably as good as
any in the Persian Gulf-points to the vulnerability of
US facilities in that region. Many of the Gulf coun-
tries such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia (in the eastern
province) have large Shia populations, providing pools
from which Iran can recruit-or already has recruit-
ed-assets. While Bahrain and the UAE-which has
considerable trade and transportation ties to Iran- 25X1
might be the most vulnerable countries, extensive
dhow traffic and the largely unguarded coastlines
make nearly all of the Persian Gulf countries suscepti-
ble to terrorist infiltration. US establishments in
countries with large Iranian student populations-as
in Pakistan-could also be threatened. In Baghdad as
well, Iranian-supported Iraqi Shia terrorists, who
have carried out a number of devastating car bomb-
ings during the past couple of years, could direct their
activity against US facilities or personnel.
The strength and credibility of the purported threat in
Iranian operatives also have been used to harass anti-
Khomeini activists in West Germany, while Austrian
police in Vienna recently arrested four members of
the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, a
radical group that has received extensive paramilitary
training from Iran and had attempted a coup against
the Bahraini Government in December 1981. A man-
ual entitled "Handbook for Terrorists" reportedly was
found among the belongings of one of those arrested.
Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Kuwait: The Case Against Tehran
We believe that the selection of targets in the Kuwaiti
bombings-US, French, and Kuwaiti-and the use of
the name "Islamic Jihad, " indicating the radical
Muslim orientation of the claimants, leave little
doubt that Tehran was behind the bombings. With
little specific information to indicate that Islamic
Jihad is a distinct, organized terrorist group, we
believe that its name more likely is a cover used by
Iran for its terrorist operations, whether employing
local Shias in Lebanon or locally recruited agents of
other nationalities, as was the case in Kuwait:
? The driver of the truck killed in the bombing was a
member of a dissident Iraqi Shia group supported
by Iran and owned at least seven of the nine vehicles
used for the car bombs.
Surrogates provide Iran with an excellent means for
creating the illusion that an independent,
international organization is at work against US
interests. In this manner, Tehran is able to mask its
involvement while Iranian diplomatic or intelligence
personnel, working through their embassies, oversee
local agents and coordinate the terrorist attacks.
Tehran employed a similar tactic in February 1983
when Iranian students in Pakistan, under the
direction of the Iranian consul general, carried out a
series of anti-French bombings for which Iraqi Shia
dissidents subsequently claimed credit.
A combination of factors may have been responsible
for the timing and location of the recent bombings.
The threat of Iraqi attacks against Iranian oil export
facilities may have triggered a decision to illustrate
graphically that Tehran will extract a price from
France and Kuwait for their continued military and
financial assistance to Baghdad. The US Embassy
may well have been a target of opportunity. In
addition, if the reported Syrian fear of US reprisals
for. Iranian-sponsored terrorism is true, Tehran may
be under some pressure to launch attacks from areas
that would not be connected to Damascus.
There is a considerable possibility that Tehran may
decide to turn assets against US facilities in those
countries. The relatively open environment of West-
ern Europe also would enable Iran to fairly easily
infiltrate specially trained terrorists for selective oper-
ations.
An additional danger to US interests is posed by the
fact that spectacular terrorist operations such as the
Kuwaiti attacks occasionally generate imitative ac-
tions by those with real or imagined grievances.
Verbal threats are the most common, and, in fact, the
day after the Kuwaiti incident a caller to a news
agency in Barcelona, Spain, claiming to represent
Islamic Jihad, warned of attacks on US embassies in
Europe.
Self-styled radical individuals or groups also could be
incited to actually initiate an attack, although this
threat probably will diminish as publicity about the
Kuwait operation begins to recede. This type of
danger is greatest in those countries that have large
expatriate worker or student populations who compli-
cate host government security efforts. Such is the case
in Spain. An additional concern is that the excitement
generated by successful operations enhances the abili-
ty of a state such as Iran to portray itself as at the
forefront of an international campaign against
"American imperialism," to expand its contacts with
radically oriented elements of overseas Islamic com-
munities, and possibly to recruit in-place assets for
future terrorist operations.
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Evidence Points to Leftist
Terrorism in Turkey's Future
The Turkish Government's severe counterterrorist
measures imposed three years ago following the mili-
tary takeover have significantly reduced but not
eradicated terrorism in Turkey.
sufficient
manpower and resources probably still exist-both
within and outside Turkey-to generate a resurgence
of high-level terrorist activity:
? According to US military reporting, five explosives
caches were discovered in Istanbul this year-
presumably hidden by leftist groups prior to the
military takeover. Others may remain undiscovered,
although exposure to the elements could have ren-
dered them ineffective.
? Recent arrests of terrorists, in which Turkish securi-
ty forces confiscated impressive arrays of equipment
and ammunition, have convinced authorities that
terrorists have attempted to reorganize.
? Many Turkish leftist terrorist leaders remain at
large, some within Turkey, but most elsewhere-
notably in the Middle East.
? Increasing numbers of imprisoned terrorists and
supporters will be released from jail over the next
couple of years-in part to alleviate overcrowded
conditions. Exposure to the thinking of hardcore
terrorists may well encourage some supporters pre-
viously less inclined toward the use of violence to
alter their position.
? According to US military reporting, Turkish terror-
ists who escaped following the military takeover 25X1
have in the interim received training and support in
Syria, Libya, and elsewhere in the Middle East. ' 25X1
They will return to Turkey with enhanced combat
? According to a 1983 study published by the Prime
Minister's office, more than 2,000 leftist terrorists
still are being sought. The study claims that 20
Turkish terrorist organizations have been "com-
pletely mopped up," while another 25 are either
"laying low" or continuing to operate. All of the
groups identified by Turkish authorities as having
continued to use violence are leftist: the Marxist-
Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (MLAPU), the
Revolutionary Left (Dev Sol), and the Turkish
Communist Party/Marxist Leninist Partisans
(TKP/ML Partizan).
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There are indications that activity by leftist terrorist
groups is on the rise: 25X1
? Militants of the Turkish Revolutionary Commu- 25X1
nists' Union (TIKB)-an offshoot of the Turkish
People's Liberation Army-committed a burglary 25X1
in September, presumably to obtain funds to finance
their operations.
Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Of particular concern is the possibility that several of
these groups could pool their resources, enabling them
to commit acts beyond the scone of any individual
group.
Although we be ieve an imme late
resurgence of terrorism is unlikely, in the long run the
government's fears may well be justified.
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The Philippines:
Anti-US Terrorist Threat
Still Low
Although the evidence grows that recent political and
economic developments in the Philippines reflect an
increasing threat to continued political stability, we
see little indication that US interests will be the target
of groups opposed to Marcos. At present, the main
Philippine opposition groups appear to believe that
attacking the United States would not advance their
cause and might even be counterproductive. It is
possible, however, that a radical splinter group will
blame the United States for propping up Marcos and
decide to attack either official or private US facilities.
The popular view that the regime was responsible for
the death of Benigno Aquino in August 1983 has
weakened Marcos's base of support, alienated the
urban middle class, and ended the political apathy of
the elite. The political situation, by damaging interna-
tional confidence in the Philippines, has precipitated a
financial crisis that will result in higher unemploy-
ment and inflation rates. In addition, Marcos's health
problems are adding to the public's loss of confidence
and impairing his ability to handle the domestic crisis.
Marcos's increasing unpopularity and close identifica-
tion with the United States, however, have not trans-
lated into acts of violence against US interests in the
Philippines. Since the beginning of 1983, the US
Government has been the target of two terrorist
attacks (one sniping attack and one bomb that was
defused) along with four threatening hoaxes. This is
significantly fewer than the 1980 high of 25 incidents,
indicating that anti-US terrorism in the Philippines
has declined to its customary low level-a remarkabl
low level, considering the extensive US presence
At present, most Filipinos-including non-Commu-
nist opponents of the Marcos regime-apparently
view the United States as a friend. Anti-American
sentiment, however, has grown somewhat since the
Aquino assassination. Many Filipinos, moreover, will
blame the United States if Marcos refuses to make
the major political reforms demanded by his moderate
opponents.
We believe anti-US sentiment is unlikely in the near
term to lead to a significant terrorist threat to US
interests there. We believe that the moderate political
opposition-represented primarily by the United Na-
tionalist Democratic Opposition-fears that attacks
against US installations or businesses could cause a
backlash, turning Philippine public opinion against
the perpetrators, causing it to lose rather than gain
public sympathy. Moreover, the moderates suspect
that an attack on US interests could lead to an influx
of US weapons and material that might be used
against all opposition groups.
At this time, only a few opposition groups can be
considered a threat to US interests. They may be
loosely categorized as Comunists, non-Communist
socialists, and Muslim separatists.
The New Peoples Army (NPA), the military wing of
the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), poses
the greatest potential threat to US interests. This
widespread insurgent group is the only Philippine
opposition group with both the military capability and
the organization to mount a major anti-US campaign.
We doubt it will do so, however, because its leaders
probably believe that such action might lead the
United States to increase its counterinsurgency aid to
the Marcos regime.
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The People's Liberation Movement (PLM) also poses
a potential threat, although it has yet to target US 25X1
interests. A splinter group of the CPP, it broke with
the party several years ago as a result of the party's
emphasis on a rural strategy. The PLM believes that
Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Major Areas of Insurgent Activity
Communist operational area
Communist expansion area
Muslim operational area
Muslim expansion area
- Selected province boundary
South
China
Sea
D/
BABUYAN
ISLANDS
Philippine
Sea
PuNu Kaiak&ong
Indonesia
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it is essential to carry the military struggle to the
cities, especially Manila. To date, its urban guerrillas
have concentrated on killing police officers in the
Manila metropolitan area.
The Social Democrats, adherents of a political move-
ment designed to provide a Christian socialist alterna-
tive to the atheistic CPP, were responsible for most of
the terrorist activity in 1980 for which credit was
claimed. Two splinter groups were involved:
? The Light-a-Fire Movement. Its tactic was setting
fires in hotels and other public buildings. Most of its
members have been arrested or are in hiding.
? The April 6 Liberation Movement. This group used
explosives rather than incendiary devices and timed
their bombs to explode when the likelihood of
injuring people was slight. Both Philippine and
foreign interests have been targeted.
The arrest of many members of the Social Democrats
has kept the group relatively inactive lately. A new
splinter group that claims to have ties to the April 6
Liberation Movement has emerged, however, and
may resume terrorist activities. Calling itself the
Brotherhood for Filipino Liberation, it recently
warned foreign embassies in Manila that they might
be targets of an impending bombing campaign.
The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), a
Muslim separatist insurgent group, has occasionally
attacked US concerns in the southern Philippine
region where its guerrillas-the Bangsa Moro
Army-operate. Because they are concentrated in
rural areas in which there is little US presence, they
are only a minor threat.
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Type of Victim of International Terrorist Incidents, February-November 1983 a
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Total
59
77
82
59
66
71
60
56
86
93
Government officials
3
4
5
8
10
10
4
2
2
2
Diplomats
33
36
40
28
25
33
37
36
46
49
Military
2
11
13
8
4
10
2
8
25
16
Business
9
8
7
9
8
7
8
4
9
14
Private parties, tourists,
missionaries, and students
8
7
10
2
16
6
6
4
4
9
Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Incidents, February-November 1983 a
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul.
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Total
59,
77
82
59
66
71
60
56
86
93
North America
5
5
6
11
2
6
3
4
0
6
Latin America
10
18
20
12
19
20
15
11
27
21
Western Europe
26
33
20
18
20
15
21
18
36
36
USSR/Eastern Europe
1
3
0
1
0
2
1
1
0
1
Sub-Saharan Africa
3
4
5
4
8
2
5
0
2
5
Middle East and North Africa
6
12
23
8
16
21
11
14
11
16
Asia/other
8
2
8
5
1
5
4
8
10
8
a Figures for the most recent months are subject to change as
additional data are received.
Deaths and Injuries Due to International Terrorist Attacks
Figures for the most recent months are subject to change
as additional data are received.
Bombing of US Marine Hqs.
and French post in Beirut
killed 296 and wounded 84.
Car bomb in Pretoria, S.A.
killed 18, wounded 217.
Bombing of US Embassy
in Lebanon killed 57,
wounded 120.
Bombing of Gulf Air
Boeing 737 in UAE desert
killing 111.
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Chronology
information has been received.
This chronology includes significant events, incidents, and trends in
international terrorism. It provides commentary on their
background, importance, and wider implications. It does not treat
events listed in previous editions of the chronology unless new
16 November 1983 France: Sentencing of Direct Action Leader
In Paris, Frederic Oriach, the leader of the leftist group Direct Action, was
sentenced to five years in prison for his involvement in criminal gang activities.
Direct Action claimed credit for several attacks against Jewish facilities during
25 November 1983
1 December 1983
3 December 1983
West Germany: Rightwing Terrorists Convicted
Friedhelm Busse, the leader of the outlawed Workers' Party, and four other
defendants were sentenced to prison terms for various crimes. All were involved in
a shootout with police in Munich in 1982.
Greece: Greek Army Officer's Car Bombed
News sources report the bombing of a Greek Army officer's privately owned
automobile outside his Athens residence. The vehicle was completely destroyed.
No group has claimed responsibility.
West Germany: Attempted Assassination of Croatian Extremist
An unidentified individual attempted to assassinate Luka Kraljevic in
Unterthuerheim-the second attempt on his life in the past 16 months. Kraljevic is
one of the key leaders of the Croatian Revolutionary Movement
Ndjamena. The communique did not indicate why Zaire had been targeted.
claimed responsibility for the 28 November attack on the Zairian Embassy in
Chad: Attack on Zairian Embassy Claimed
The Organization for the Liberation of Chad From Imperialism and Fascism has
Thailand: Explosion at Israeli Embassy 25X1
A bomb damaged the outer wall of the Israeli Embassy compound in Bangkok.
While no one has taken credit for the attack, police investigation has indicated that
the blast was the work of local pro-Iranian elements. 25X1
19 Secret
GI TR 83-026
22 December 1983
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Early December 1983 Turkey: Security Forces Capture 19 Dev Vol Members
In a series of operations carried out by martial law forces in and around Izmir
since early November, Turkish authorities captured 19 members of the Dev Yol
(Revolutionary Way) organization. The security forces found four pistols, banned
publications, and organization documents in the suspects' homes.
Peru: New Emergency Zone Commander
Maj. Gen. Adrian Huaman, commander of the 18th Armored Division, was
named to replace Maj. Gen. Clemente Noel as chief of the political-military
command in the Emergency Zone, effective 1 January. Huaman, a Quechua.-
speaking native of Abancay, plans a multifaceted approach to the Sendero
Luminoso (SL) problem.
4 December 1983 Northern Ireland: Two IRA Guerrillas Killed in Counterterrorist Operation
Two Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) guerrillas were killed-and a
third is believed to have been wounded-by security forces when they failed .to halt
when challenged by police. The PIRA said in a later statement that the two men
were in the area to inspect a secret arms cache near Coalisland in County Tyrone,
southwest of Belfast. The counterterrorist operation by the Special Air Service
(SAS)-an unconventional warfare unit of the British Army-was part of
increased security measures demanded by Protestants after the attack on the
Protestant Church in Darkly in which three died and seven were injured.
6 December 1983 Turkey: Arrest of Dev Vol Militants
In Ankara, police have arrested 25 members of the leftist Dev Vol (Revolutionary
Way) organization and five smugglers supplying the group with weapons.
Ammunition and weapons were seized during the operation that evolved from
police surveillance of three members of the terrorist group who traveled to Ankara
to revive their organization.
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Portugal: Bombings Claimed by FP-25
In Lisbon, the leftist guerrilla group Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25) has
claimed credit for 24 small bombs that exploded during the night of 6 December,
injuring one person and causing minor damage. Pamphlets left at the scene
claimed the bombings were to protest delays in the payment of salaries to
thousands of industrial workers.
Israel: Jerusalem Bus Bombing
The PLO news agency in Tripoli, Lebanon, took credit for the bombing of a
civilian bus in Jerusalem that killed four and wounded 46. A PLO spokesman later
expressed regret, saying the intended target was to have been a military vehicle.
PLO rebels in Damascus subsequently claimed credit and said the attack
demonstrated the growing capabilities of their militants.
7 December 1983 Guatemala: Terrorists Attack Police
Terrorists attacked -five police checkpoints located on various roads leading out of
Guatemala City; one policeman was killed and six others were wounded. The
Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms claimed responsibility for the
attacks.
France: Explosion at Commodity Exchange
In Paris, an early morning explosion damaged the Commodity Exchange. To date
no group has claimed credit for the attack and police have no leads regarding the
Spain: Bombings in Basque Country
In Bilbao, three bombs exploded outside banks causing serious damage and
injuring 11 people. Although no group has claimed credit for the attacks, we
believe the Basque terrorist group Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) was responsible
since factions of this organization have carried out many bomb attacks against
banks that refuse to pay "revolutionary taxes."
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France: Attempted Assassination of Armenian Militant
In Paris, the head of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Armenia-
Democratic Front (PMLA-DF) was wounded in an assassination attempt that may
have been conducted by supporters of the Armenian Secret Army for the
Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), the terrorist group that carried out the Orly
Airport bombing in July., The PMLA-DF's leader had been critical of ASALA's
indiscriminate use of violence and had been the target of a previous assassination
attempt in March 1983, also believed to have been the work of ASALA.
Colombia: Jaime Betancur Released
President Betancur's brother, Jaime Betancur, who was kidnaped on 22 November
by individuals claiming to be members of the National Liberation Army (ELN),
was released unharmed. No ransom was paid, and, despite ELN communiques to
the contrary, President Betancur denies that the Colombian Government
negotiated for his brother's release.
Mozambique: Bomb Explodes in Maputo
A dawn explosion in a Maputo residential area destroyed a house and injured two
South African refugees. While the local press has implied the explosion was the
work of the South African Security Forces, the possibility remains that the victims
may have been African National Congress members, who set off the bomb
accidentally.
South Africa: Explosion in Johannesburg
The African National Congress has claimed credit for the bomb explosion that
damaged the Johannesburg Commissioner's Courts of the Department of
Cooperation and Development.
8 December 1983 Northern Ireland: IRA Assassination of Politician
In Belfast, two IRA guerrillas shot and killed Edgar Graham, the legal and
security spokesman for the Official Unionists-the province's largest party
representing the Protestant majority in Northern Ireland. Both attackers escaped
on foot after the attack. Graham-a strong law and order advocate-had been
told that he was at the top of an IRA "hit list" but he had refused a police
bodyguard. His killing may cause the demise of the Provincial Parliamentary
Assembly-set up to work out a new power-sharing system between the Protestant
majority and the Catholic minority.
Greece: Bomb Threat Against Hellenic American Union
The Hellenic American Union (HAU) received a bomb threat, but a search of the
premises failed to turn up any explosives.
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9 December 1983 Northern Ireland: Bombs Damage Five Buildings
In Newry, explosions damaged five buildings but caused no personal injuries.
Bomb disposal experts defused several more devices in a sixth building. No group
claimed responsibility for the attack, but Irish guerrillas are believed responsible.
Guatemala: Bombing Campaign in Guatemala City
Terrorists planted six bombs in Guatemala City: five detonated, the other was
disarmed. Only one casualty resulted, and there was no property damage. We
believe the attacks were designed to mar the 9 December National Air Force Day
celebration and to demonstrate that the guerrillas are able to operate with
impunity,in the capital.
10 December 1983 Greece: Bomb Laboratory Discovered
An Iranian student of Kurdish origin, whom Greek police believe is a member of
the "Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran," was seriously injured when a bomb he
was making exploded in his hands. Police investigation revealed that the student
had made the bomb in his Thessaloniki apartment, which had a reasonably well-
equipped laboratory. Three more explosive devices were found on the premises.
Police do not know the intended targets, but are investigating possible links
between the student and Greek extremist organizations.
12 December 1983 Kuwait: Terrorist Bombings
Six bombs exploded in Kuwait targeted against US, French, and Kuwaiti interests.
The US Embassy was severely damaged when a vehicle crashed the main gate and
exploded inside the compound. Also bombed were the French Embassy, the
Kuwait airport, a residential complex, the Kuwaiti Ministry of Electricity and
Water, and the Shusybah industrial complex. Only the US Embassy was a suicide
attack; the others involved timed explosives. A caller claiming to represent the
Islamic Jihad-actually a cover term for Iranian terrorist operations-took credit
for the blasts.
Italy: Brief on "Bulgarian Connection" Submitted to Prosecutor
Investigating Magistrate Ilario Martella has completed his investigation of the
possible Bulgarian links to the 1981 Papal assassination attempt and submitted his
brief to the public prosecutor. US Embassy reporting comments that for Judge
Martella to have brought the case this far implies that he has a solid body of
evidence.
Spain: Bomb Threat on Airliner
An Iberia airliner made an emergency landing at Madrid's airport after a caller
warned of a bomb on board. No bomb was found.
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United Kingdom: Royal Artillery Barracks Bombed
In London, four soldiers and a bystander were injured when a bomb exploded
outside the barracks. Although two groups-the Scottish National Liberation
Army and the IRA-claimed responsibility for the attack, British security officials
believe the IRA was responsible. The barracks have been the target of IRA attacks
twice before.
South Africa: Second Explosion in a Week
No one has yet claimed responsibility for the explosion of a limpet mine at the
Department of Community Development in Johannesburg. No one was injured,
but there was extensive damage. The bombing was similar to the 7 December
attack in Johannesburg claimed by the African National Congress.
Taiwan: Authorities Break Bombing Case
The Ministry of Justice has announced that it has solved the April bombing of the
Central Daily News and the United Daily News offices. The authorities have
made one arrest and have alleged that the World United Formosans for
Independence, a US-based group, was responsible.
13 December 1983 Belgium: Rightwing Terrorism
In Brussels, one foreigner was killed and three others wounded when a masked
gunman opened fire in a private club. An anonymous caller to the Belgian News
Agency claimed responsibility on behalf of a "Belgian National Liberation
Front"-a group that we have not seen before. The caller stated that "an action
has been carried out against immigrants."
Guatemala: Guerrillas Attack Salvadoran Embassy
The militant Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA) claimed responsibility
for a grenade attack against the Salvadoran Embassy in Guatemala City that
caused no casualties but some property damage. This is the fourth attack against
the Embassy since December 1980 and demonstrates continued Guatemalan
guerrilla support for their Salvadoran counterparts.
14 December 1983 Chile: Bombings Black Out Central Chile
Unidentified terrorists placed bombs at three high-tension electrical towers in
Santiago, plunging 90 percent of the city into darkness. At about the same time,
bombs exploded at electrical towers located in about 10 other Chilean cities. Thus
far in December, local newspapers have reported at least 33 separate bombing
attacks in Chile, the majority in Santiago. In almost all cases, damage was slight
and no injuries occurred. No group has claimed responsibility for the recent
bombing campaign.
United Kingdom: Attempted IRA Bombing
In London, police safely defused a bomb planted on a busy London street. Police
suspect the IRA was responsible for the attempted bombing, given the similarity
between this device and other IRA terrorist bombs.
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15 December 1983 Spain: ETA Claims Assassination
In Tolosa, ETA has claimed credit for the killing of a prominent industrialist who
was kidnaped from his home for not paying "revolutionary taxes."
Spain: Attack on Spanish Police Patrol
In San Sebastian, a Spanish policeman was killed and a second seriously wounded
when several gunmen opened fire on a police patrol. The gunmen escaped in a
stolen police car. No group has claimed credit for the attack, which we suspect was
carried out by ETA/M.
Italy: Court Petition To Release Antonov
Lawyers for Sergei Ivanov Antonov, the Bulgarian accused of complicity in the
attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II, petitioned the court to release their
client on provisional liberty-a form of bail-because of his "grave health
problems," according to the Italian news agency. Last month, Antonov's lawyers
filed a petition to have their client freed from prison on grounds of lack of
evidence. While the court has not ruled on that request, it had rejected two
previous petitions.
Mid-December 1983 Italy: Additional Arrests of Red Brigades (BR) Members
With the recent arrests of four more individuals in connection with the activities of
a Florence-based BR group known as the Umberto Caltabiani Brigade, police have
now captured eight of the 11 identified members of the cell-named after a young
terrorist implicated in the kidnaping of US Gen. James Dozier and killed in a
shootout with police in May 1982. Italian police had arrested four cell members in
early November.
16 December 1983 Spain: Bombings at Military Installation
In Navarre Province, ETA claimed responsibility for placing several bombs at the
Bardenas Reales firing range. Two bombs detonated-wounding three airmen and
causing extensive damage-while a third device was defused by the Spanish Civil
Guard. The local press reported that a soldier guarding the gate apparently helped
ETA commandos to enter the base and place the devices. The soldier then fled
with the terrorists, taking two rifles and ammunition.
Ireland: Kidnap Victim Freed
In Ballinamore, police freed supermarket executive Don Tidey unharmed 22 days
after he was kidnaped by IRA guerrillas and held for $7 million ransom. An Irish
soldier and a policeman were killed in a gun battle after the rescue. All of the
guerrillas escaped.
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United Kingdom: IRA Bombing of Harrods Department Store
In London, the IRA claimed responsibility for a large car bomb which killed five
people-including one American-and wounded 91 others. The device, concealed
in a car parked behind London's famous department store,. was detonated when
police-alerted by a telephone tip-approached the car. In a late communique, the
IRA apologized for the civilian casualties and promised no further attacks against
civilian targets.
17 December 1983 Northern Ireland: IRA Bombings Continue
In Belfast, a bomb exploded near the city gates moments before a security patrol
would have opened the gates for early morning access to the town. The blast
caused severe damage to the gates but injured no one. Although no group has yet
claimed credit for the attack, we assume IRA guerrillas were responsible for the
attempt against British security forces.
18 December 1983 Spain: Bombing Injures Police Officer
In Lasarte, a Spanish police officer lost his leg in a powerful bomb blast that
destroyed his car. Although no group claimed credit for the attack, we believe that
ETA/M is responsible.
Spain: Bombings Continue in Basque Country
In Bilbao, a bomb exploded outside a local bank, causing extensive damage but no
injuries. A second device exploded at a bank in Pamplona, causing heavy damage
but no injuries. Although no group claimed credit for the attacks, we believe a
faction of ETA-attempting to extort "revolutionary taxes"-was responsible. F
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