SOLUTION OF THESE AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PROLBLEMS DEMANDS FORECASTING OF THE LEVEL AND SALINITY OF THE ARAL SEA WATERS FOR A LONG SERIES OF YEARS AHEAD, BASED UPON STUDY OF THE WATER AND SALT BALANCEOF THE ARAL SEA.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 107
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 30, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: MISC

Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
o~' n?w spscie s n?teh
. alien toward th? reeCn
111 have to be ~
:or,thie sea. fiore..
vue prob~,eme demands these and Qther anal.o~ bong
go;~u~,.l.ori ~ Aral Sea waters for a
casting o~ the level and salinity off' tho ba~
off' the water and sal
awd upon s'~udy
ser~.e s off' Years ahead, .ions and develop1'~?nt
Study off' these ques
lance of the Aral Sea. o.l' i~5 waters also
at: forecasts of the sea level and the s aitfli'~Y , newresearcll ~.tutws o.C
tasks o.~' the 5cieric
cons'~i~ute one o ' the cadeof Sca?ences USSR
cat. SerVIoe and tha A
t he rome`~eoz o7.ot~
a.n the very near ~u'ture.
~at~.on of na'~ux'e, which is
n ~~.an or tYie transf ors
r~he Mali Y ~
being realized ~,ods, wa.1.~ create ex~
,~ed in unp'leceder1(;cl'.y s.~1or 1 )er of she
for e~cpera,rnental solution ~l f'-avorabl,e concla,'~"ions ^, ,~ hys~.cs~
cepta.ax Y , , n bef~ ~on~erapoxaxy ~:~eop
a~rtant problems st:~a~da. ~
most amp
Actual a~Ka deaPx't ~.s now e~CCep
the c~.a.mate in the Kar .. ed by
?bina ~.
' But in a f'ew years ,
a power: ~.y, ~ will be gravers
un~ aunt abb.e" l~normaus e~"
l..y ~ ul'km~n
? ' ~ Cana. .
Cu~. war arterJ M.. the Main enormous
pauses of desert will be irri~,aGed and watered; over an
t5 and brushwood will grow.
area :'ores he region
all this will be re.C1e0ted 7.n the climate in ?
st~.on unM
Uow
ad a0ent r eg3.ons is a q'ae
of the canal ~.?~se~. and in the and in a
scienti:L'ic
orbant and a,n~erest' ~.n~ n both in a these
usually p essen~~-a~ to trace
' It is completely , tY1 a spe
..
ua.nn. a,ce ,J. connect'etely
meteoralagical str ~~a,ons wa.
1,~is purpose some the
changes~ I' ~.~ ed in
slinuld even now be or~~an
on
Ci8i pragrdrii rrurkmen Can - or nbse~re,t~, in the
w ua,nt~.tati~e e s'~irnata.on
al zone , sn as to a? ~.lo~. ~.ngs
~'nz's plant
r ~,gata.nn and n
in:Eluenc of yrr.
ial
the benefic
future n
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
on -the desert oiima'te.
he oonstrua'tioxi of the 1srgest reservoir in the world on
the Volga and the irrigation and watea'ing of enormous areas From
other rivers emptying into the Caspian Saa will lead, to a deorpase
in the disoharf,ae of water into the Caspian, and his in turn must
be r, e.L'leeted in the position 01' the sea level. At the present
..?' ,, the stgnii'icance of the Caspian Sea ?'or water tvansport is
v e and when the Main Turkmen Canal is put into operation
P, ~ ~, ,
and navigation on the Volga is unproved, the signii'ieance of the
~.
Caspian Sea as a transportation route will ,;row even greater. The
Caspian is also vez`Y rich in fish. The hest variet:les of the most
valuable sPeci.es of fish not only in the Soviet Union, but in the
Q world, are caught precisely here. This is explained by the
hop
w
gally favorable conditions which prevail at the present
exceptiot
t~.ttne on the Caspian; amore; them the low salinitf o? the water and
the shallowness of the northern part o1' the sea should be counted
i'oremost.
Decrease in the discharge of the Vora and the drop in the
level of the Caspian connected with it will lead to an increase
of 5 'y and a diminution of ?thc: area of the shallow part of the
'
.gation, forecasting off' agi~-
T ~
t on i.n 'the vas?~ reservoirs of ?the Volga and vnepr will Make on
to i,
ry ~ ~ 1. . rea~~ sihnifieance ~ N,i~;ht now it is ~ti~.;c~eac~' essential
eapeo~.al.y ~;
ach the ,roblem o.l' ~~.eternrination of wave elements; hei~;rit,.
i~o apps p
stec~ncss s.nd f'rrrquency in tiale~ ~fhis information is necessary
Y
' lanninEr~ th.e ty~~e off' veasel 'or the Valga and Dnepr flotillas
~ or p ~~
n s site off' the Fact tha?~ there already exist in our countxy
l 1
? ?? resent a large number of hydrolotiyical engizleering ins?talla~~ic~s
dt p
' ;Farm o.f' canals, reserv~,~irs~ etc., hydrometeoralogical service
a.n the
of to date su.~'ficient experience in service to these insta:lla~
has n
t' ons and h~.s...~~l~s? i-~~~1~' occupied i.tsel.~' with study a~~ thei.r
~.
'e a~irne, phis situation w.lll be completely intolerable in the
watex ~ (,
i~?a~tianal utilization of water :r:~esources demands a rational
~uturer
' ~ rk on the hyc3.rolo~ical engineering installations pro j acted
sys fern o.~
struction since otherwi.sc the loss of an enormous quantity
for con ~
~16w
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pp 01-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~~ve Caen used ~?'x ~e~.e. s,~~an
wa~tex wYr~.ch ra~~1~`~ w1~~h eucc?ss , . ~ ~~~ds o~
o,L ox ~ o~r ~ha no
wAx ~,xr~t;a~~,on a~~d wa~ax~,n~,
a~ @~.sc~txic ~o ~
er~ ~rr~nspo~~~, is inevi~tab:te
wad ~ ss~~~y
o~ wa~ex xesouxces can 1~s succe
~,a~;iona1. u~t~.~~.,za~l.on ow ~? ox~a-
oxolcl~~ca.1. ~exv~.ce knows h
?a7.~.zad o~y when i~ydr'am?~e
r ~ ~~~ams and ~.~as~.ns wa17., and
. s,~tioz~ off' the wa'te,r ~.n xl,vox sy
na.ze c,al.cul
.r ~Or'eCaa't~3 0~' the ws,'tex re~,~m,e
era succes5fiu~.l.y eves ~on~Mxan~e
al,~
'this I~ydr'ome'teora~.o ~~c~ aerv~.ce
.., ~~ rivexs. Tn conrl.ec~t:~on w~.~h ~;u~,rne
o.L the o,G~ ~th~ wa ter x .~
? aox~~,~~n~ze ~.'ts work ~.n s~,uc~y ,
mu5't now rad~,ca,ll.y r ~, ,, ~tl~lis ~puxpose ~,~t is
,r a~, eng~.r~aeex~.n~ stxuc~,uxea. Lox
o.L hydr' ~:to ~~,c ,
exia~tinL; ne~worlti off' hydxoio~. ~.
al ~to ree~arnine ~;}~e ~z1esei~L~y
essen~~ ~ an a sys'ternatic
is and wa.thau~t delay ~to ender u~a
cal. sta~ta.ans ~1 d pas i~:t opera~Lin~ hyc~row
a~ter ~ d ~.ce regime in pz'esen y
study off' 't'ae w
in ord~'x 'to acquire 'Lhe neces~~ar'y
l.o~;ical. en~a.n~;cr'a.n~; stuc't'u~'eS,
.: ~ the necessax~' xaw m~~~terials
' ence in .t}"~, waxic and ~I~o ob~a~. : , , ,~s~:me
exper~,
~~ k'o~~ecas~t7.n~; .L},~e wa~Ler~ and a.ce r
x'or deve7.or~meri~ off' me~tl~~ods o
.: r off' ~thc newly' xe~ul,a~;ed d~,schar~e?
in ~Lhe canclr.t~.ona
,~ , ~ xvice must canduc~ ehtens~.ve pr,e..
thus Hyd~'ome~teorolo~~.~,aJ. Se
e ro,jeC~ted hydrol.o~;i.cal.
w}.rich may a:ll.ow i~, wren ~h p
l,iminary woxlc
o ~ex~a~L~.on, 'to show e:Lx'ec~ive
exin s ~t~r u.c ~tur~ e s ace pint ~.n~to 1 ,
enga.ne ~
n ~arn o:~ ~theae s'tr~uc~tu~res w~.~th an
hei in pl.annin~ 'the work pxo~z
~ ~ o,,sib:te e~'~;'ec~ in
ob~taitl ~tl~e most ecanama,cal. ~ '~
e,cc;oun~ o~ how to dual. yee~x~ each actual.
the watex resou7'ces off' each a
u~t~.1~.~e,~ta.on ?f
season ax month.
i~her ~neasuxes the woxkers o~
n ce,xr'yin?~ out 'these and o
~ ~ ~ with the whole Soviet
~~,cal. Service w~,l.l. be woxka.nL,
~Xydxome'teaxal.o~ ~ ~ ~ basis ~'ar
e cr,ea,tion a~ an ecanom~.ca1
o l.c ~o ac~~.vel.y pramo~e ~h
~e p
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
a comn~ur~~.e~~ eoc~e~y~
~~erUa~.anee ~~o ~~he enam~.e~ of manlc~nc~, ~.neer~d~ar~ee o f'
xn caun
ar the ~ov~.e~ peop~.e seep Forward ae a bu~.~.d?r-peo~ale, a
a new w ,
,. o ~.~ ~~. ~, e~~re bulw~~rl~ o.(.' word. ~w~,c~e , p~;aca ~ ~~"hrou~h pear,?~ t
c~, ca for pep '~`
~ uc~t~,ve a.alaor i~ha Sav~.e~ pc~op~.e w~.:l.~. e~^ea~e ma~;n~i'~.cen~
,ku1. cone r
~~o the ~rea~ Sta,J.~.n apocl~ w~ ~Lkzc cpocl~ o~.' the ba~~,ru1~.n~
monumetlt~
conrraun~.srn, 'the ;Labor' of our people servee as an .II?-sp~,rln
of
. r a1]. ;~~ob~~eas~.ve manlc~.na ~n '~~ s~ru~;~~ :~'or~ a Free ail
e~a~nple Fo p
h~,p~~Y ~.~fe, FQ~~ paace a.n ~Lhe wx~o:Le wor~.do
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pp 000200150001-3
 '1'N~ ~UKaT~QN a~' ~~xl~A'~'L ~Nl~ C~~NIA'1'Q(~~NTu I+'1~~~'~'C~Zs
---~.~..~..,..-....~.,..._..~..~....w.~.~,
K.x ~ Kash~.x~ and
Kh.P~ Po~A~S"an
The z~ap~,d dsve~.opmen~ o~ oux~ i~a~;ioria~. economy mslces ever
increas~.n~ demands upon alb branchea off' saianoe~ ,The rnc:a~u~~e off'
'the ma~ur~,~Y o!' arty a c~.ence ~ s ~.'ts , capac ~.~y 'to sa~ti, s ~'y 'tne demands
presented ~to i't 'by ,the national economy. 't'his s1~a'temant a~.so
applies 'to the scicance o,~' c].~.ma'te.
~'he 1a~ of sawcalled cla,ssi~ca1. c~.imatol.o~y bek~~.nd 'the demands
~;
off' ].i:t'e has amused many researchers to seelc nyw methods and gas
given birth to vari~aus '~~rerld;~ in c~.imatolo~y.
In the Soviet Unx.on at 'the pre:;en'~ 'Lime them exist Four
'trends in clirna'to~.ogy; (l) so~-caJ.led c.tassica~. c],irrra'to].o~,y~ (2) ?
corn ~.ex 1a'ter trans~'ormed into co7~lplexwdynarnico~c],iil~a~tic analysis),
p (
(,~) sowca;l,led dynama.c and ( phys~.ca .
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
The t'i,~~s't 'trend, wh3.ch deve~.aped in the 1.9'th century, posed
'the prob~.em off' determining t~.e avera~,e many years ~ z~~e~;i~me b~' ind~.~
vidua~. me'teorologica~. elements a't variSus points off' 'the glo'ue. r,~he
ing addi'tiona1. aJ~ima~te charac~;eristics ~~' using .the meteoro:l.o~;a.ca~.
subsequent development off' 'this ~txend .~oJ:].o~wed the path of establ.ish~
horn, headed by Ye. Y~~ redarova
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
was deve~.oped chiefly a't the Main C~aphysical Observatory, which now
and .extreme values and by determining their Frequency, ~~'hisotrend
e~.ements and phenomena, ~o~;th along 'the lines o:~ se't~tin~ P average
bears the name of the great ~,us sian c~.imatalo ~is't A. C ~ Voyey~~ov.
~itl~in the wal~.s of this; nbser~rator'y?in .the-~twentie5 a .new trend
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
f}~
tl~e tend?ney ~? bxin~ o~,imAto~,?~' c~.osAx
trend had
~hi~ eecar~c~
~;
ds ~hexe we;~? rc~asvns ~'ox ~~~,
xaet~,aa~ deman ~,
by a 1e,x~e de~xse to ~ d ~,n
Q~~~.ca~. c~~.to~.o`~ had ~a~~ed ~ehin ;~
z
~na~muCY~ as so-aa~.lPd ~~- ,. ~~.~ '
~,
~,emands o~ the nat:~ona1 acpnomy
~, ~ the eve~'~incxaasin~ ~~~.
sata.~~y ~ ,.
~~ti~,mat? tl~xou~lti a,~~era~? ma~n~,'~udes off' ~eM~~~r~
Cher than charactexa.~.ln~ G. ~~:.,.
K
Ye,yQ ~ '~'r~dorov ~~~
~~
7,
/~ e~tQarola~;,l.ca7. elements s,nd theJ.r ~'xequenc ,
oparate m r
atian off' c~.imate through sim~ta~
strove to prosent the charaateri~
,~
exes off' meteorol?~ic~~;l. elements ~ '~'heae coma-
neously o~sezved colilp~.
es o.l.' wea'ther, The tendency to ex-
le~,es were ~.dent~.~'a.ed w:l.tr~ tYl~
~' ?~a warp au.~ s
to ?~.n ~Lerms of. wea~~Yler ~.ed Ye ~Ye. ~~edorov
press c:La.rna
es~ "~'sY a 'type o~ weather we mean a
a mu~.ti'~ude a~' weatYler tYp
~? rac;tex~a.st,Lc described by de~'inite ~'eatur?s N.? 'i
complex weather" Ilia ,i e~.eM `
row aradations off' a, lame or smr~.ll num~er o
by broad oz nax ~ .,
cam lex climataJ.agy clama'Le is studied
meet s" (Chubukov ~ e ,thus ~.rl p
.
~ d. their ~'rcquency in ~c~arious ve'o~~x'a~p~~i-
~,
in t~.;~ms oi' 'weather types ~,
~,
~,
~~' ons
Cad. re c,~ ~;
l
namic trend is headed. in our cnunt~'y
~lhe third, so ~ca:11e d dy ~ ~~
f+
a cam lex of meteorola~ical elements in
by ~~P~ A~.a.sov~ 1~e defines p ~
. , ~ mass and th.e d'Ynama.co-thezrtnodynean~.r. px,o:
terms off' the ~c~.nd o.~ a~.r ~ climatic
' wi.thil~ ~.t, r.Che autc~~or tries to expla~.n
CeSSes OCCUrr~.n~
' ''~ erences a.n f:~^equ~;ncy of a~.r mr~s,~es a~1d
~'e~~tures a,n terms off' the da. t ~
r~ ? ~~ a.t' their circu~.at`ion ~.n this o~r that re~a.on.
~y cGrta~.n a,,pec to
~ 4 ... ~. ., yM. ..
t r
~M.M .
.~-~,"",~".~.,~, . ~ trip ~o"a~~~i trend9~ .t,~a?~iM,,~ ~ ~nys~.ca;l., mad'
~~he Or~.~;~.n a.~
decades ~ Worl~in~ in this direct. on at
'oe referred to the last two terw
. o~ scientists who are concerned wa.th de
presento~.s a small. ~,raup ~~ the Fields
era e composition, over many' years, of
urination a~' the av ~ . ~, a~~d the
erature and. wind, with pxobleras a~' hea
a~ pressure, temp
~~ circula?~~.on, the physics off` the air sayer
moisture. cyc~.e, atmospheric
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
--?
n d othQx's~ ~ss~rvir~~ off' ~~Qtv ar? works
at ?bhc 0art1~~ s sur~,aca, an
a~amic~~n N.~'s ~ Koclz~,n ~ ~] a Acad.?m~.cJ,~n
in 'phis d~.rsct~,~an by Ac ~~?
'ths ~o;~e off' oceans in ~oxmat~.vn ?~ thQ c
V.V. Shu~~y~~.n [12~ on
a ~ ~.~.nvva [ ~a on s,~,~;;~tud~nal tam~aara-
mat? Qx~ ~ths conta.nents, Y .N
~' ~ T. ~u,dykv C ~a , D.L. ~,a~rkhtman ~ ?a ~
'tux~c: d~.stx~i~ut~.on, the works a~. M
a~hn~,lcova L9a, K~x. Its,sY~a,n ~~~a anc~ p'thex~s.
a~A~ yap
an eve,:luat~,on o:L' which off; the enum?rs,~Lad
r~e~'o.r~e pa?~sin~; an, to
., ar~?ses;~no, ~,et us dwe1.1. u~axl the question
four trends is the most ~'
ob' ect a~' eJ.imato].ogy is. F'or this ~ur}~ose we
off' dust what ~Lhe ~
' ' ?Liana off' c19.ma'Le which are ~aa,ven by the
ought 'Lo examine 'the def].n~.
re re~entatives o!' 'the various 'trends o
urin ~ the last hundred years a rnultitude
~~, ~.s known that d f~
~~ v ~ forward by rep~e "
' ' f:~'er, ent definitions or' c~.imate have been p ~ . '~
o.ti d~.
sentativss a:(.' th.e var:tous 'L renda.
~,~ -~ ' ~ necesaary to ciao he~~e a:L~. th,e de~.'in~.tians
Nat cons:i.dez.~n~., ~.~
r, ? variaus ~e~^iods o.C the deveJ.opmen~ a~~.' a~.a.maW
which have e; ,~.ated ~.n
n:~ine oux~se:l.Ves to a survey a:~ inc~.vid~:L apes
~Lalo gy, we sr1al.L ca
:r'ven in ~Lhe caurse off` the Yeast twa decades.
a~non~; tr~em ~,~.
~':~nd earlier de~'init7.ons off' c~.~.rnate in Ye.x
~~he reader rna~r
Let us rernarlc that in almost all defa.?
'likham~.rov~ s art:~cle [l0].
there exist `Lwa clee.rly c;xpressed ~Lendencies?
ni~tions of climate
o:C' the
~.,;.., ~ ~ ? ' o ~' cl~.ma'te by way ?~ ~;
a
.? ~
r ~ical elements, the other t'h:rou~;h the `''' h,~-.,,,
average value a.~ ~ teorola~,
'n essentially ~rorn the definitions
s~~rnrnation a~' weathers. ~i.~~era. g ,
. ~ r a.s the defirl~.tion given in't he ment~.oned 1;
of elime'Le ~,ut forth ear.lae
' ch is fo~~ulated in the fol~.awing
article a~ Ye?~? '~ikhom~.rov, why.
to a~' any region the condition
manner; '-we should call the cl
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
ara ~~ 'rho r~~u~~~ a~ raora o~x~ ~~~~ pra""
?~' the ~,tmo~phcx'e wh~c~ apps ~,ha ~,tmo~~
off' '~~n yaa~~) in~t~~~act~or~~ i.~~1~w??n
'~ractad (an 'Lh? ox der
on a its pY~rs~ca-~~o~;x'aph~,ca7.
c~.rcu~ aeon off' the ,ven r~~~.
phax~c
.Ter ~.n the ~~rc~adcst ~vnac o~ ~~hQ
~,tian~ a undaxstand;~n~ ~,~~e ;fat
conk
ter~rlt,~ ~ '
,, cl~a~''~nit~.on off' c~.ir~ to ~i.ven ~~'
' 'ram our po~.n,~ o~ v~.ew, the
~ucceas~''ul ~n aamn~x.i.san w~a,th a1a.
e~I~ '~il~harnrov i.s xle~.tivel,y ~ menM
Y
r~.ier ~ xn `~~,~. ~ar~mua.~lt:l, gin, howevc~',
de~'ini~~. ons put Forth ea
w.~ ac~~t~.an ..- is aiasent, at least
tian o~ one cla.mata~;entic ~actax r
in expz?~.Ga t Norm
c ~ shte n (~.~ ~ rep~ie,enta~. ves
. 1~4 ~~~~ A:l.isov and Yew. l~uba.n Y
~n ~ g ~
e ~'ol.lowin~ ae~~,n,iti.on off.' c;~inlate:
of twc~ trends, ,jo~.rr~ly save th
al~~~~'ical ~~~ace7rea, ~,etc;x~mined by.
u'1'he x~e~ul.az' uccess~oz',. of rneteox ~y ~ the
,~ ,~~ ~a hicsl~ conditioTla and expr~cssed a.n
the complex off' pl~rsa.co-~eo~,x p
~,~, ~, given place' is called the
r .? cars ~ weather ~,r,~e~;i.rrle ubser,~ved
m~Y ~'
clirra'~e a:~' tr~.e liven ,place"
e;~;r~esentative o~: complex cli~ta"
xn l.~l~b, ~.A ? Cllubukov ~ ~ .. t
which ~,s somG'-~'l~at c~..:.cerc:n'~s ~u
~avc a def'~,nition a~: clir~a~e
lo~y~ ~
t sa 's: "? ~ m by climate we have came
Cl.O~e t0 'the ~a~'e~a LTl~; one. ~ ~ ~ also
d re irrGe of ~,ocal. We~t~Lea.s, and
to rre an ~4he whole s,~~re~atc~ an ~
' at~.~~n ~.n local wea'~her ,, ~.nso~'ar as
the proces~;es lead~.n~; to vara.
,. ~ metearaloE~ical. obse~~vatian ~.n?
it ~, , s ha~rn ~y data o i many yEars
~,
the r~e~~:on be:~n~ studied" X11 w
? of clim~~,te c~.ted above a.s sat~.sM
trot one o~ th,e de:~'ina.tions C ~ ch~.efly
W ~ ~ , a~: these dc:~~.na.ta.ons con~a.sts
~'actory~ r~'he unsat~.s~ac~tox~a.nes ?e~'~'ect
e o~ ahem is ?~he ~'ul.l cause and
~.n the fact that a.n not on ? ~ ~ terms ~~ 'the
that a.s, cl.imato is riot de1.~.ned avn
relationship even,
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
e~~~
w~~~,ch s~~, u~a~e ~~, ~ctua~,~.y, upon ar~a~~~~,ng oath off' ~h?
caul?s ~
..~ g , .van abe~vQ one bets ~;he ~.r~~p~~ES~~~~n that ;hey ~~c a,11
th the ;l'c~xm off' r~p~~c~s?n~ation s:~ e~.arria~s, that a,s, w~~h
~,~vo~.v~d w~.
'bhp ZnP'~hUd C~ WA~'1C:~.11~ 01~'~ the GharaC'~G~~.~,a'~~,on Ufi' c~.~.r~a~te~
o ~~der to ~,ve a 5uf f~.c;~.Gn~ly car~p~,eto c~efira~.~,ion of c:l.~,w
In ~ ~
rust f':~z~st off' all ~~ar~~,no all ~~hs ~~ras~J.c fac~Lors which take
mate ona
part ~.n cl,iniato~~ene;;is r
t is known that substantial in~'luence is exez~ted upon cliN
x
tc b :cad~.ation, the uderlyin~ sur:~a,ce and atmospl~~c~xic c~.r~cula~-
ma y
? ~ re there any' other fa,ctox~~s which ~ ~+ke ~ r~ect part ~,n cl~.mate
~~.nn, A
nation? `t'his question s~iould `be answered ire ~t;he negative, xn
.~orr
' onrrect~,on it is essential. to rra'1~~ 'the reservation t~~La'~ we do
thy. s c
.~ take ~~he oint of view that i~~ is ~xnpo~iaibl0 for maan to change
no p
' but tha~L? at the present s'~a~;e ~,~~ is po~siblc only thxaugh
cla.rra te,
r ?!' ?rhe under~.ying surface, that is, orie off' the clirnatogenic
chan~,es a
Factors which w': '' ~! 17e discussed separately below.
~, three fact'ars dirECtly d,etexm'~ine climate; x~adia?
1 hus, only _._....,~...
5
Lion, 'the underlying; surface anc~. ~~tmospher'~~ircu]~Mato
praceedin~, 1'rara this, ane may gi~re t~~le fallo~rin~; definition
a f Clirrlate ;
n' ned b a process of mark' years'actiox~. be~~wec~ai,,,~.
the unde:c?:Lyin~ surface anc~ atmospheric c~.~'cu~.at .one
such a de~'in~.tian of climate Baas not d epend nn the method
' racewsing ok~servatians n,or the reprosentata,an of the various
of p
racteristics, which aro subject to changes a,s fur.~cti~~ns off' progress
cha
' e and tec~lnology~ It is rat l,irnited to concepts
in ~~he Fields of sc~.enc
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~,e but pe~~ts~~.ns ~? any ~,s,Yex~
at th? aaxth' s sup ~a ' ~
o~ c~~.mate orgy Z
u~.ax ~?1uc~ua~~,vns o~ e~.~,ma~~.
~ s~tTl~os~ahe~~e and ~,n,e~udesseo_._
o~ th
~. that the bask pxoU~,em ?~~
' ;bows ;from tha.s de~~.n~t~on o~
xt dol.
the pxOCesa oi':Lntexact~on
o:C cl.i.~mate ~s study o~
~;Y~e sc~,ence
three c~.~.mata~en~.G ;Factors
the
~,nc~eed i,ntexre~.ateda each one
these ~ac'tors axe . p
A~,thou~h ~ at any,* ~~.Ven
d re~.a'ta.vely ~.ndependent~y
~.n ~.sa~.at~on may be ana~.yze a x'e~,a.on~
ana ~ther srneJ.l r;e0 ~z aph~, c ~
moment off: t~.rne tin one ar
e ~,nter~~~elat~.onsha~p off: the
analyse tl~e nature o~ th
het us oner~- atw
pn the ~~ota'ta.n~ earth the ~;.
three indicated factors. rad,iation~ As
1 by
a,ta.on a,s stir~ulated pra.marti y
mosphera.c c:~xcuJ. balaxlce on .the earth ~ a
onen'Ls of 'the rad~.ant ener~:~ v
we know ~ 'the camp
~~ t:~on a~' the ~~.ven E;ea~;xa]:~h~.ca.
,e are determa.ned by the ],ac~a
sup ~ ac underly'a.n
'~ oar 'the char~aeter off' t'ne
j' on an earth, the t~.r~~e of Y ~
rely
' rcula.tlon o~~ the a~;rnasphe.>r~e~
surfa,eE and the c~.
.,~ the radi'i' ener~~Y balance
onents o.L ,.
xf weanalyze the cornp
conda.t~- ans o:i.' un~.f'orm at.~
ce o,f.' the wholelobe under
on the sux f a ~ ~ t~.on acid
a~encaua cond~,t~.ons of ab,~o~p.
as hera.c tra,risparenay (ho7r~ ~~
rn p off.' tYLe earth's surf ace, then
f'orm albedo
una
.
anal a1.so
re;~lec`ta.on) ~ ~ e~, upon the
'ant enex~ balance w~,l~. dcp
,~.,~. ? component" o~ the radi
~.~., ' e last 'two ~: actors,
~ utwYY. r .r.. ....+ ~
1 1 ~~ Y1iV 'v .M W V r~. ~
~?at~.tue~,e 0.~ '. p u~ a ~ M 'the ra..
~''nc~. al ones and.. w~,~.l determa.ne .
arently ~ will be tYie px ~ ~' the zonal
app tux'n st~.p~ates
~,me on the globe, wh~.ch ~,n
d~.at~.on red ~~
atrr~ospher~.c c`~.rculatton.
..~ the rad9.a`t~.an ~b~,ance comM
roger under actual canr~.t~ons e u on
~Iowe s
tall depend to a cex~ta:~n de~:~e
dents, as was stated aba~r~e, s
po
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__ _ _ ___.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~ha charac~~r v~' the under~.y~n~ sur~'ace ~ ~~ ~s by ~h~~ '~ha~ ~h?
ac~ua~. a~moNpher~,c c~,rcula~ion, wh~vh very au~as~snt~a~~.y d~,~~'ars
from ~;h? zonal,, ~,s e~:~a~,a~.ned.
Tha under~,y~.n~ sur~'aca ~s aub,~ect ~v the a.r~~.uenva v~ both
r~a.d~.a~-~on and a~mospher~.c c~.rcu~.a'~~on. Sa'~ th~.s ~.n~'~.uencs has
Shawn a,ts e;~:E`ea'~ on the earthy s s~uz~~~'ace, tl~~z~ ~.s, an the: cont~nen'~s
and oceans, as a resu~.t vf' ~~riG 3.n~~ers,ct~.on o~ the ~;wo ~.nd~.cated
x'actor~s ~.n the cauz~se o~ many ?~house~nds off' ye~~xs. ~n thy; course
01~.` to ~t~.~?e: ~,nterval on the order of decades one may canaici,er the
e~'~'ec~ o:C ze.d~.at~.on and ca,rcu~ at;ic~n upan the under~.yir1~ ~~z;r~'ace
to he ne~7.3.~~.laleo
~,trnosphcra.c ca.r~cuJ.atian ~.s the most comple~o~' the ~.n'~ez^?
actin; Factors and "depends to, a ~ar~e de~_~,ree on rad~.ation and
'the under1.yin~ earthy s sur:~ace. ..
Su~~stantia~. e~':~ect upon ~Lhe t~~~ans~er o:~' "aa.r masses ~.s exer~
ted by the presence a1: continEnts ancl, oceans. `1'hE ra~.e of cants
tinerrts anal oceans in the ~;enera~. atmospheric cir~culatiori 'was ack?
nowl.ed~ed ].one ado; havrever, a correct expl,anati.on a~" thia ro1,e
has been given on~.y in the ~,ast '~wa decades.
~.~he rose a~' continents and oceans ~.n the monsoon circu~.s,t~n n
h,as 'keen de~terrnined by the research a~' nc~;dem~.cian V.V. Shul.eykin
[1.2~ . In, these worl~s, in addition, a guantitative expression ~'ar
the e~'~'ect off' the ocean upan the ccintinent off' Eurasia was liven.
~,ater on, Kh, p, Poasy'an ~ 8] showed the ro~.e o:E" continents and
oceans in creation of seasona]. pc~cu~.iarities o;~' the thermic and
bar~.c ~'ie~.ds off' ~~Le troposphere, which direct~~ s'~ipu~,ate the; at~-
~,
a
maspheric vir~l~.ation over the nart~~ern hemisphere ~n addit~.on to
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
' and OCpA~nb th? p~`@~?~l~@ 0~ YIIAI~ntt~,n ~'~n~;?~ ~n~ ha~~ht~
CASI'~].n@n`~@
aa~d a~.so off' ~~,~~@ ~bod~.c~e oiry wator exorti~ substant~.a~, ~n~;'lu,encc
upon atmosphoric c~,rculat~.on.
t ~.s obv~.ous tY~at tale c~.xculat~.on o~ the eartla~ s atmogphsxa
~~ ~ ved From` i,acY~.ata.on and the underly~n~ aurx'ace ~ However,
~.,~ derv.
4
andenc ~.s c~e~'~.nad on a ;roa5 scales t~iat is~ tY~e ~eneraa,
~k~;1s dep y
har~,c circulat~.on a.s detprm3.ned by rad~.a~~ivn arid, the and?r"
atmosp
sur:~ace off' the whole ~;lol~c o,r o!' vas's ~e0~;~~aYahicaa. regions
ly ~.n~
' the ox;~or or con~l~inents and oceans, xf', on the other hand, we
0 ~,
.der the e~'~'ec'~ off' r ad1,atiox~ and unde~~lying surface on the ~e-
cons~
oa ~her~ic circula'~ion in a smaJ~:l. ~;eo~r~+phical x~e~,ion or at
ner s,l atm 1
ate oint we then come to the conclusion that the erfect
a separ p ~
.
of these clirl~ato~ryenic L'actors in the ~.ven case is e~ctremely ne~
~~ pence of this one may ass~~r~ie that the atmo s-
~la.~a,ble. ~~s a c~n~ecYl
ric ci~~culation `in a~~y sr-ia1J. rer;ion or point is incl,e~~endent
phe
off' the clarnato~;enir .f`actor t'or that ~:'e~ion.
an the other Y~arid, atrr>ospheric cx,rculatiori, having proven
from radiatian and the un~ler~lyin~, sur~'ace, in turn
to be der~.,vecl
,'~ ~~ ubs`~antial. changes in the atmospheric ra,dia~.on re~
irr~roduce,~ s
U . small ...ea rapha. caJ. regions. ~~his is related
~~n>,e :t.n both lar,,e and ~a ~
t that the circulation stipulates ori~ir~ aria development
to the ~'ac
v menu in the atp~,~sphere, ~which~` ~iv'e ra.~. ~o th~~,~
of vert:~cal mo e
~~
' udiness~ As we know, c~.oudincss ch,sn~,es the rad~,a,.
~'ormat~.on o~ clo
' atrnos here. '1'here~'ore t}sere is a still greater
t~.on reg~.me of the p
~,:
atmas heric circulat~.on to be one off' 'the
bas~.~ far cons~.cJe~i p
climato~enic ;factors`
~''rnm wY~at has been presented it follows that it is essent~.a~.
u to c~.ari~'y the tale o~ each off' tha three clim~,tn~enic
~.n cl~raate st dy
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
 Iola must be p~,aced on an appropriate
k~or its so~.utioi~ cliz~l.a Y'
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
T th4ix ~nterae~~vn ~n cl~ra~te ~vx~mat~on~
Factors and to r~~,seov?~' f w~t~
0 o as ~ ~e~.snee mug's oc~upY ~tssl
In othex words el~.mat 1 ~'
n s,r~d the deterrn~.nat~on o~ tha role
the stud' off' this ~n't~aract~.o
fe,ctorg ~.n ~,solat~.on4 ~y rasoluta~.y
o ~' ?s,ch of tY~? al~ovca M:~nd~. Bated
. ~ matology cslz ren~~er the mast e~'feet~,ve
fo~,7.ow~.ng '~ha.s pat} ca.~. .
onz~aat4d w~.tM~ th? tx'ansfox~mat~ n
os s~.hle help ~,~.n solv~.ng pz o1~lc~m~ a
p
~~ ?~ moment the roost acre?ssa.b~.e '~Y~.r~g ~s
of ns;~uxe~ At the pxesen of the
ie~~rl ~.ng suz1face~ 'lho exact s~.gn~~';~ca~~~;e
change of ?Lho unc y
,.ace ~.n cll.rnato~;enesa.s wi.l,:}? a~-l.ow us to
xole of the undexly~.ng curl'
,~,,
ld e~. ~en'~ of ~,ts acti.on upon a?i~~~uxe 1'0~~
dct,ezm7.ne 'the mar~nex ax
, ~ ~ cl~n~at~c x~E~;arne of one or anat~ier xeg~.on~
purposes of iia~prov?~n~, the
y
? , ,~ ~ ~ connection and ~nter~action oi' t}~~ cl~rnaw
,turfy of, the ~.ntc,r
~mination of theix rakes wild. convert
tagena.c factors and date
ost contemplative science into a science
climato~.oy from an alm
he tram f ormation of nat~' e ~ `t'o the degree
ac'tive:l.y cooper^a'~a.ng a.n t
' .. ' ~al technics. irril~x'?vernen'r~s are increasing
?that our knowledge and rad~.o
n,~in ~ the c~~atogenic factors and, by
our po;~ sa.bn.~.~.t~.es for cha ~, g
are incre~~-.sing~ 't'hus, on the basis of
the same token the ct.~ns, te, ,,
is f's,ctoxs and ~~heir a.nterar?~~~.on a t]~eozJ
study of the c,l~.mClto~;c,n
of climate may ~k~e created.
'' in thE, realm of clima~~e theory, ~.'~ is
r,~ogether wa.'~h stud~.es
rew
bl
e g
,a assa.
~"~ , ~ work out moan t'or the mast e~ed~.ent p
nec e s teary to ,~.~..~,
~
e~'f comp~.ete sa~ y
' al materiels for purpos
sehta'tion of observat~,on
' demands 1:rom the natt.ona~. economy, be?
tisfaction o:G' the grow~.ng
ethods of climato~;~'s.phy sti~J.l do nat assure so~
cause the exist~.n~ m
ution of this importrant ~problem~
1
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~'our~da~ion~ ay ~our~c~at~,ox~ w? mean ~th? ~~ao~tua~. p~~asQZ~c~ off' ol~s~r-
~va~t~.ona1 ma~ar~,als chaxa~er~~ln~; ~ad~,a~tiox~, and?r~,y~.n~ ,sur~'ac? and
a~tmospYt?r~.c c~.~eu1,a~~,on in auk"~~.c~ar~~ ds~La~,:l,
Ma~tsr~.a~.s off' ms~aox~olo~;~,c~, obsQrva't~.on must be pies?n~t?d
~.n such a form ~ha~ 1`t w~,l~. be ~~oss~.b~6 ~o draw up an a~ swsx~ ~v
an in ua. re~ard~,c~~~s off' ~hc~ diverai'ty of b~~anchti;s off' ~1~a na~t~.onal
y q ~'' ~
col~om . .Zn other ~ rds ~ 'this dorg r~o't s~.~ni~'y craa~ion of spec~.a1
e y
bunch clima~to~r~a.~~ha.cs, which is some~hin~ 'tha't many c;~~,m~~~olo~is'ts
are a~t~temp'tin~; ~o bz~in~ about a't presen't, such a me~thocl off' pra-
cessin~ and presen~in~ materials a;t' me~,eorolo~ica~. observa~ta.on
should be crewed as wou~.cl a:~'f'er ~t~e possib li'ty o:~' operatively
ob~taa.nin~ a charactc~riza~ion o:~' climate b~oi~h in terms oi' separate
me~teorolo~;ical elements and in terms ox' arty ~~ca5anable combination
of. i~hern,
~'ar ~;~1i5 it i5 essential to davelap r~:ses,rch directed 1~oward
develo mc~n't o:l' ne~w~ methods a~' clax~a~o(ti:rapl~y cs.~~able off' sa~tis:~yin~
p
the e;ver,~~?~;rowin~ demands set ~be~'ore ..the Ylydrarrleteol^a~,o~;ical serv~,ces
oi' var~~i,ous branches off' ~;he na~;iona;l. econorr>y.
'his ca,n ox~.y be realized with mecc~ari.a.~ed px~ocessin~ off' obM
serva~ianal materials. Actual~.y, Drily an index o:~ punched cards
:,, ,~' uric. me~c;~~ u.~ gic~, a~se:~va~~.on no~te~?~.aok, is ~.n a pasit~.an
~o ~'uri~her 'the solu~-ian a~' sa esr~..n".' ~ a pxablcm, One af' the tasl~s
~_.~. _
~,andin before 'the General Hydrome'teaxa~.a~ical Science~~~esearch
s ~
T~,ecard. O~'~'ice is ~Lhe creation off' mass punch cards w~. models ~'or
standard and ~1~?haur intervals. Obviously ~'s1V1GMA G Central. Hydz'a-
e'tcoralo~ical Sciencepl~esearch Recard O~'~iCe] must meet this. im"
m
par~tan't talk in the very nea~~ ~`uture r
;i ir~l ~i! ~ i71 ~,l ~i1,' ii Jt~ U~~~r 5,~y~99~(p ix~r~~ I~~VI ir~rP~++~ ~x @ ~ {~i+,~5bri N fi3~xrY
. ( ~ I ~.. i,lE4t,re ya .. ~~~~ s ~ ~~ ~ ;7,~? i1el,~,.~,.i~ILir IShYiN ~R~aI~Fti""~'.Kl hs4~iut ti'Fat.??ii~,~~M~i~:Cl~`~al}~~s~i,~.~~-r~V
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
s4~(~1,~ "'~~~
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~?~ s~the~ w~~th ~h~a ~,~ ~a ess?n't~a~. to ~ua~~ant~e ~hc~ a~eam?
rr~pnt off' broad ~asaax~h woxks ~'ox o'b'ta~n~xi~ ~,e~.~ai~ ~ c~~aato~a~
pl~sl~
n:~e ;G'aotor charao~t?~~at~,cs
~'~ ~s a~.`to~e'thax~ esser~'t~.a~. to obta~.n data wh~.ch w~.a.~. ?x~
?' e:~ oharac;~ter~~e the ?~.aments ?~' t1~e radia~t~.an ba~.ance~ A
haust~.v y
oat deal o~ woxk w~.~.l have to be done ~,n th~.s c~,i;ree~t~an~
v~xy ~~'
resent t~.me there ~.s on1.y an extrame~,y sma~.l net
since up to the p
.~' a~,n'Ls conducting d~,z~ec~t ac~ta.nome'tr~c observat~,uns ~ F'i.x~st
woxlt o.C p
be altoF;c~thex~ essen'tiaa. to carry out calcu~.at,l.c~ns o1: th?
it will
' ace com anents on a broad scare. As ~~ r'esult of ~~his
radiat~,on bal n p
.. i,ere will a~'ise the question o.C reconsicler~ation o;l' 'the ex~.s'tin~
u'e far calculation o.~' acttinome`tric character~.atics using data
proved z
teorolo.-,ical observations ~ ~:t is known that at the present
off' me
..' a ca.~.culations o:E' 'tYre radiation balance carnpaneza,ts carried out
t~.mc
two aut~i~ors independently u.rr? one anat~ier~ d~.!'yer substantially
by
' ~~heir results ~ Without serious study a,Tl tl~~ia f":~e~.ci a.t w~.ll be
a.n
' o sib].e to determine the role off' this ~nportant ~'actor~ in cli~
~tnp s
mato~enesis~
In order 'to de~terrnine t~l~~e role off.' the circulation Factor
lima~to ~enesis we must ob~ta,in its correct characteristics i'on'
in c ~
The .lobe as a whole and. especially i'ar individual regions; mo~1e pre
' we must in the :first place de'terllli ne the nia~nitud.es a~' tem~
c~.sely,
rwMr++.'M.~'~r.1.Mn~w.~+w~~y~.~M..W ..~+ r '.+.."".'_" ~w, 1
ature s.nc~ hun~.dity advection~ r~'his ~xz'a~ ?m can-be ..~;~,?~d on,,~,~
per
' of." rel9.able observational. data obtained both at the earths s
bas~.s
surface and. aloi't.
',~'he state of affairs in the study off' the third cliraato~en~.c
~.- the underl.yin~ surd"ace -w is re~.ata,ve~.y secure We have
factor
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~? a~rap~>.~.c~,~, ~e~o~~~.p~~one
a~ our d~,~~o~
?~~ off' r~u~~~ness s~nd ?~~,~r
m~ ~ ? ~owever~~ ~~,~ ~~'~
and ~,~ys~,ca~, ~
~n ai~~ ~~,ow hag n?`~ ys~
chax~~~~er~.s
r c~.~.m~'~~c ~h~r~c~ex~~.~~~~.on~.
ua~ely e~ud~.ed? the ~'~~'~'
been adeq
.a ~,~, bs u~~,:l.S.~e~~ ~n r'eseax~a vn
. e rn~.nu~1 s and a'~a.as c, s w~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ze
~1.uded ~n ~h
rr~~.na'~~,on c~~' 'ul~e colas o~ ~'
? oblsms connac'~ed w~.'~h de den
v~r~.otixe p~' .
c~.~m~'~oF.,?n~.c ,~a~'Lo~~~~ o
.,, ;('o~~e cl~-a~~o~.o~;~.~s ~ (~.) deVe..
~, two ba.(;; px'oblems s~ana
thus
~ e~^ea'~1~~n o~ a new me~Ll~ro
? eor o:L' cJ.a.ma~e dad ~~ .
lo;~men~ oS' a ~h Y ~ w,~11 be ab~.e ~o sa~~s~
. eeen~a'~~on off' c~.a.ma~,e da~~a ~~s
:Lo,r such px
~~a.es ~'~orn ?L?he na~~.on~~~. economy
any ~.nqu~.
,ion Ser:~.ous~.y ~~s ~LU whe'~her
mua~ i~uned~.a~~,e~.y pub the goes
We
~~ ~ ' 1n~~~Lo:i.o~" ~o ?~he ~'r'amewoxk o
o~ 'Lime ~o s'Lop 1~.nu~~a.n~, cl~
~'~ is n l~irni'~ed by a
ubs~i~u~ion ~~' a clirna~ola~y
.~
c~.ama~oF;~'a~?hy? 'the s
~ ir~e~~'en~ in a~.l ~~he exis~~n
~.ma'~or~~'a~~hy is x~e~~,~e~~~tib~.,~
nonv~.aU~.e cl h sa.cal.
~,~;h ,the excep'~~on ,o' ~~~i,e p y
?l,rends ~.n c~.~na'~olo~y~
~~la~Lo~1raphy, nod instead o~
. :for ~Lhe deve1.ol~men~ o;L' cl~.r ~ ..: s
we e,~e ,.
n. A.~ .the p~~esen'~ momen'~ ~ ~"
bud upon its ~'ouncl.a~io , s~;.
c~.~:ma~o~.o~~y~ ?~ha~L does not; exa. ,
~ounda'~ion, ~11a~~ i~ c~.ime.~olo~Y~ ~hc
~us?1, ?Lh~.s ~
-, ~,r~ends in (;~.i~n~,~e c~esr;~:~ip~ion,
e~a~.~,s~ ra~~b,e~' or~].y sevex a~ x'~ e,t~'~iclc ?
~he~'e ._ _ _ ~ ~~ r7hY~ 7 n out ne
~u~ure p;,~`
-.~.
I~~~'~1I~C~S
a a ~~~~, y and ~,ubinsr~'L?eyn,
~ vekov, ~.~., pokxovsl~ y y
~.o A~.iso~'~ ~.~'., 7
~r Lenin~~"ad~Mos cow, ~`~~~ ?
e. S ?, Course i'n C~.~.ina`~o~.o~y ?
Y
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
_ _
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~ 4~'a'~u~' 9 ~~~~~~~u~ ?n
~~,on A~' pvex'~~~ ~~m~
va Y4,N, ~ ~~h~ dues ,Are fi;Ar ~Q~t~~~~~g
ax'~h~ ~ At~o~~ho~n ' enova U~~R~ ~q~? ?
~n 'bhp ~+ 0~ ~f;~.
~~~ya ?~ ~hA ,~e~d~m;Y ~ rfln~~~
~~,Vp '~~p~~ e ~~(~.
end Qcs~n~, a~~l~~~ Cc~n~
v~ or~~~~'~ unde~~~ ~
~3udyko ~ M,T ~ ~ E ~
3?
~e~n~;xad, ~.9~~,
o~''~ ~.n J anu~~x~' avex
teo~.~zda~~
~,~e l~~.stx'~bu~~.on ~
~~ N,x, ~ r~'emper~tu
su~~ak, xn~. SU? N ~ .he ~~~r~h~ ~ ~,~mosp~,exe,
x~
~, ~,tu7~e '~~.~'~ar~hut~.ori ~n
y~.hel~ , x,1~., 1er~per
~? 1 ~q~9' r~~~ Ca.r..
col 39 ~ No ~ , ~ ~ o~ '~ona1 Atxno;~pl~e.
DA'N' ode.l.
Cc~ns'~z'~~o'~a.on o~ 1~
6? ~ocl~yn, ~~~e'' ?11
~ Q PVC .Mp' ~q 3~, ~ ~1 ~?,mp ~j w
r1ru~Y ~ ~ ~,he ~hye~c~ o:~ tho 1~, V
c~~.~.ata.on? ~~~~~ ~ 1.
~,nd CY~udnov~ka.y, LEn~.n~z'ad-
DaYkht~snan, D,L~ C;o~l~ekh~.~d~t~
7?
~~~ the D~r~h~ s Sur ~ ac, o
pher~.o D~Yer
~,9~~q ? ~~ a Cxenera7. ~tmaapheric
'Mogcaw~ o~ Gh~
r eaearia:~ I+'luc'~u~t;i.on
a? ~'o~~QeY~n, Kh.P., a ~ ~2~~ ~ ~,ql~"j,
~?
7 . ' Un? 'St'udy ~~r~~~
,,' ~ w~.th ~~-t~.~~zde
~~,rcu.~~t~.
~'ar~.a~a.o Leni.nE;r~d, ~.9~G,
~ ,
o2~hnx.1-. v~, S. ~ ~
r ,.~ 1
" p~~~r ~a.~' ~~~~a ~ _._ CiOYYCep.~S p f' G1.~Tn~u:,?
a,r1 t1,,.. ~
,, ~.L~.on o.C De fined
r , ~?~CV ~ ye.x ? ~ the [,due
~p? ~al~hor~ ,~ ~,q3~?
til ~~~
ves'~n~.l~, No
eox'e~o~ ? af' the Ac%~demY o:~
Mel ~z~d,
Comptie~ C1.7.rnata].o~Y
~. ~. ? ~i~"11~.~ulC (~jT ~ ~ ~ ~. + ~
xzd, of the ~,ca~de~'
~C~enCes USS~~ ~q ~ , , ~,
't'he P~~'e Gc~ of the Se
~k~.n~ V,~r. ~
~,.~. ~hu:~e~
,~
o:F: ~o~enc,es
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
1~~I)~~~M~rl'~~~~~O~T~A~ ~~~~VT~~ '~0 ~~l-~ N~r~'~ONI~~ ECONOMY
N.Fb r.~om~'e1 ~ d
(x'h~.~ e,r~~.c1.e eves e~ar~ples off' serv~,ca ~~a ohs na~~~ona~ ec;o~
non~y wti~,oh do nod re~.a~~e ~o a~r;l.cu~,~Eu~~e~ ~ spec~,~~~, ~ar~~ia~.e ?r~ ~~he
c~u?s?~ion a:~' so~~vice ~o ~,~ ricua.?~urP wa.;l:l, ~~~ p~.acecl,, ~.n 'the neac~ numb r
'the vi~oxous~.,y and mani~'o~.cL'ly d,eve~.opin~; na?~iana~. economy
.
and cu].`~ural edi~'ic? 01? the 5ov].P~ Union are in ever ~;xeatPr and
~;rea?ter need a.f' farecas~s anc~~ vary aus? hrTdrome~eora:l.o~;iea1. m~~~c;rial,s,
The ministries and various econorn.7.c az~;an~.~a?~a.ons ever o~'?tener
and more encoun~e~^ in ?~heir work the neceas.ty o:L'' o~?~ainin~; help
~:'rorn I~rdro~-rne~~arolo~ics~. Serva.ce; ?~l~lers~'ore Choy are pz~esan?~in~
it wi?~h evor ;;xcate;r and ~,ro~'Ler demands :~ox~ vara.ous kinds oi' ,~'ac?
?~ual ma?~~~rials and various types off' :~'arec~~s?ts,
The basic demands off' the vaxious miniseries can i~ :formulated .
in ?~he ~'o1l.owin~; way,
the ~Iinis?~ry a:f RivEr r+'loti~.l.a USSR and its :~ocs,l organs need,
in order to ~;us,rantee maximum ei'~'ectiveness o;f their wc7 rl~~ hydralo~
gica~. ~'orecas'~s :L'ar a:l:l ?~he navigable party off' rivers, ba`~h natu.~rya~,
and re~;ulclted, and also F'oreuasts :for' lame and navigable :La~~es.
'the adm~.nist:~~atio~~s :E'or exp~.oitatian of sma~.:~ rivers prc;sent
Hydrometearolo~;ica~. ,service with demands 'whose satis~'action involves
working ou?t detailed hydrological characteris?~ics o:~' small rivers
and me?~,hods ~'or ~'orecastin~, them,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
us~Lx is in a~ctr~eme need off' ~aod,
Ths M~,a~is ~~ o~ ~~,sYl~.n~ end ~'
anc~ assn off' ,fo~~acas~Ls ?~' avatar ~?mpera?
~oxac;asts p~' st~~mg at seas
Luxe during the ~i~hin~; st,asc~n.
o~aex~ ~~.ants and its l~ydxa~.o~ica~.
The M~.nis'~ry' o~ TiJ~,ec~~r~,c P
thc~ a~~ans o~ ~Yyd~'orne~~eaxolA~ica~. Ser?
energy'' enterS~~'ises demand a.~
on ~~he hydxa~.o~~,ca~. re~irnes o~ rivers.
vice ;ooc3, c~~~,ci~.ation dada
. , ~' t hF{ ti r in~,r high wa'~e l~ va~.i~'ne l~o'th
This ministry needs ~c,rc~c,~,sts o~~ p
' ,~ rivc;r ice and J.n the ~~ime .fo~.l.otia~.n~;.
in thc: period off' ~kbreakup o
, .. .,~, , , ~~ c Pawer ~p:lants ~ Comrnunica'~~.ons and
r~'he Ma.n~.s~ry' o~ L1c,c.txti
ds f'or ~t.meJ.y warnings a,~' the
Means off' ComrnuniratiUn presents deman ,
~, , ~ d needs ac~aurate a.r~'armatiari on its
appearance o,t blaze ~rast an
' Str~.bu'~J.on anc~ a,r~tensity off' :~'orrnation. .
d~.
J:' Cor~rnun,a.cation is systema'~ic~til.~.y in
The ~Minis~~~ry off' Means o
r ~' , hea star, Yns and sno'w~'ala.s in wLnter.
need of: advance 'warn~.nh,s aJ. v'y
. ~ ands off' ~~rdrometeoro~.o~ical Se~'vice ma~:~e
~~,.v:l.~, ava.a ~~r~n dem ~ t~,tud.e
off' horizan'~al visa:~.'~.i.ty, and o:t' aJ.
acrura'~e character,LSta.cs
and thJ.rknESS off' clouds.
: o~ T~'aras'~ ~coriomy ~'a.rst placed be:Fa~re
:fin 1~1~~ ~ the M~,na.stry
the rabinm oy ar~ana.zJ.n~ a spcc~.al serM
Z~ydrometr'o~'o~o~:,ical ~erv;~ce p
~rer a~' J:oreat ~'~res~
vJ,ce x'or ~arecast:~n~ danr,
~~ ct~,an a~' the abavewenum~r.~'~er,~.i~.~~a..c..de..
~o~~ coanple'~e sata.s.Ca
, sale b mJ.sce~~lan.oous bz~a,nck~es o:~' the
mands, and a sera.es al: others m y
mus'~ be conducted in varJ.aus :~iel.ds
nat~.ona~. eaanomy, colossal. wo~^1~
: T~s doss not mean, hawc~ror', that
a~ hydrometeo~'aln~ical serva.cew ~ ~ sated
,, ~ or~tant problems wh~.ch have Keen ~.nd~.
srame part oJ. the very ~np .
be salved at the present mameri~.
cannot
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
~? ~~~us't~'a`~e I-Iyd~'ametc~ora~,o?~ioa~ ~?rv~.a?~ ~
Tt is e,cl~ed~.snt
, ~ vii. ?~l~e prpb~.oms d~re~~e~ t?ward i~ ~Y thA
pcassa.b~.~,~,tie~ ,fox sol ~
~~~t~,on~. saonomy w~.th soma concrete exsmples~
x
~.~ ash SSI~ I?Iydx~oraeteo~~ol.~a~~~csl 5ax~vl,ee ~drn~n~.s?
21-p, ~axel,Q 1~.nn
, ~, t~~a w~,th hydroniete0;t'o1a~,ic~. sQr,?v~.ce 'to 't~.m?
'tl''at:l.on~ Wh~.CI1 Waa Ch~~'~,
e~'~'ect~.ve resu~.t5 ~,n a.ts work
ber ra~'t~.n~y hs,s atta~.ried ext,reme7.y
til. 19l~a tiYrlbe~?..ra~''tin~ az~f;s,Ilizatl.;)Sla w~.~icla
dux?a.n~ relent years. Un
' .considerable quan't~.t~.es oi'' buil.d:~n~ 'times
prav~.de the country w~.tli
-, ~' as,~es a~ wood ev~zy year in hauling open^ations
bez? su:~~ er. ed beau,/ ~.
count o:~' storms ~ 13eCin?~ in 191~.Q 'the wa,rkers
on Lake One~a on ac
tearalo : ical Service A~nirlis'tration ~o't under way a
a~ the ~Iydrome ~
ice to ~ im~er.~ra~'tin; on the lake o ~~ a.r t;YiJ.s pur?
special.i~ed ,sexv'
' , , u?t in coopez'ation w~.th repz'~~sentatives of the
pose 'they woxlced a
' us lzs;u~.in~; mutes for the timk~e~? ra~'ts~ which
steamsh~.p comp~y, vara,a
ere u'til;~zed deper~din~ upan 'the w.i.nd direction
w
r, ardor was ~.n'tz~aduasd into work p~^ac'tice; be~'ore
the fol.laia~n~
out on its voya~,e its captain ~;e~ts an exhaustive
each tawbaa;t sets
. ~ tad d,ralo ;ical z'e~;~rne a~' 'thE l.alce and
consulta~,lan an the ex17e a ~'
alon ~ 'the course (,~'oz?ecasts) J'rarnattendant
on weather c~ond:Lta,ans ~
. ~ ? n '?~over i:~ a change ~'or the war, s~ in the weather,
apec~.ala.s~,,~~ Maz
? e wind is expected dux?in~ the psr~-ad a~' the~s~~earnM
(a rise in tl~ )
' nber bar~'e~~ .~~ ~n~ h travel. z~aute, the ?
to~rbar~t ~'s voyage with the yta.~ ~ .~ ,~....~"
e steamship compare', with participation off' klydra~
management a.E th
? 'ce s ecialists, makes a decision as to what
meteoralo~a.aaJ? Sawa. p
w ? er should ~al.law ~;'rarn then an or in what shelter
course the bare taw
urin the storm periad~ A series of arias
it shau~.d be quartered d ~
?~owbaats~ depaz''t~~z`e time was, charred in aacardance
occurred when the
with w~ath~r ~arecas~s.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
__
 are sa~'e`i~' Qn ?l;l1a lslc?, ad~
~, `~ih4 banes may Y70 towed ~~. ~
~n order ,~ha
ds ~~i~h ~'avvxable nav~.~a~~.on
ugua~l.y becjn 'Laken of perlo
vanta~? has
r re nu~~laex off' accumul~i~ted bax~ee
t~.ons. ~n thc~sc~ pex'iads a la ~
cond. 7.e~~ed
and the vaya~es hs,va besxi camp
have 'beon '~owad at one time ~
~t art w~,~hout 1ar~ s o~ wood.
:for 'the mo a p
'cal. service to t3mbexMxa~'tir~,,
The ope:c'a't;,a.nf; h;ldrome'~eoi olo~'~? th
? amsi~ip company mana?~,eraex1t wi
.n alit aonsultat.~on o.~' the ste tan's
sy~t ,m
? ,~ candi'~i,,~ns on the lace, and cons
e axd ,~o ~rc~xome~~eorolo~~?G~~l, . ocali'~y
~'~ inthcl,
.,, b t]~e si~ecla;].a.st5 on duly
in~'armat~-an pa~~~essed y .
? ,.~ ? ble fox the s'~eam 71~~.p company ~,n
o:L" the bax~,~' tY'aix~s made a.t pa~~a~ ane bax~;e.
? not to suk':~er total. los3 of even
19LG9 ~,'ox the ~a.xst '~~e
~~ ' ~ a~rd a.n 1919 and l9 ~4 '~llexe wez~e
At nltrasnoye ;,axrnovo sha.pY
~, ~ ' t+~ which he,d to tae launched on
v~e~JSels in the so~.cal.l~ed ~ ,,h~.p p~ a,~e the
r xii7]~wtiaatex period. li'ax tha.C puxp
the Vol.~a ~.n the apx ~,n~, ~~
' to ma,xlc in oxde~n for the slip
'vex level. lead to reach a de~:~n~. .. f'axecast
r~. ~~~.at,i:m a~ a
to gill up V~.th water A:~ter cam]. ,
pit to be~a.n a~~d ~,t
its coz;ununieation to the sl~i~~y
oJ:.' the s~x'inb h~.~h water and eta the
water level. might be only c:l.as
a,ppeaxed that the maximti~m e l.aunChin~ a~'
,, ex therefore arose tha'~ th
e~,~~,,~ed mr~xk~ J.he dank ~ Usin~~ '~hc;
~" dit'~'icult cand~.t~ons.
~ur under ve~;y
c
the ships would. oc,
~ etearolo ~ical: ~`~.~ w~ .~ _..w
~~ canJul.tations o:~' U(~.5 CUydrom
~OreC~S~~ and
stratian carried ou'l; a eerie 7
?tix~atian] , the sha.pyard a,dm,~.ni
Adm~.na,s
? ,? toward ~acilitatian a:~ ls,unch:~n~s
e a,xatary mes,sur'es d~,re~ted ~ en
o:~ p~' p ' ned the tame wh
aver leve~.s and de~,erm~.
? ith low
~'xam the pit w with the
y
on~'axmit
ted in c
? ~ d be carnpl.e
.the sh~
p.~ wool
.
o;E
stxuc.tion ~ ' ~e h d:~ w
can
~l
me
t~
~
d eak~ At the same
. p
eriads o:C p~,ssa~e off. the floa ~'
'el.ation a~ the. love s
ed cor~
~'a~n
rtment per
ts depa
arica~. ~'arecas l ,~ at ~k~e p~`~) n
an
~xa~3
'
i
.
s
dmin
hi axd a
? the UG~1~ poets and at the s pY
a~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
 r~-~t was ~~.vsn un~~~ ?tl~p laurlcll;~n~
from ~~? moman~ w~18n thA ~oxsc vro
. and ul'l~.n'tsxruP?tsd coma~~n:~cr~t~.ons w
off' the ~.ast sip ~'xom the ~' ~ ~1.ucM
a~ and pxobab'le course of C
a~,n'ta~.nsd for aonvQy~.n~ the actu
m
tuat~.on~ o;E ?ths ;I. svsl ?
c?t u?t~.~.~.~~a?ta.on off' U~MS ~o;rscas?ts
,~~ a xpS~t 6f '~~ con's d
necta,an 'with sha.p launch~,n~s the yax
and consu~~tat~.ons ;~n can
h1 a rn:t:l,1.ion xu,blea in lg~i9'
saved xou~; ~
~. Vag, a ~'aree't~~'isl>~.n~; 'T'xust load 'to
xn the spxa,n~, of 194 tYie ~ ks
Cll ~~saemb~.ed? ~~ter c;lzsaltilz~; the rr~ax
relaunch a doe)` wkia.cl~ had be ~ a ara.n~
,, ? lc ~,th a ~txust represente,'t~.ve alld cor p
off' .the ~bottorn o~ the doe cco~^din~
'the msa:~.mwn water level. expected a
?them with 'the ma~lcs o.t
Cho dock
l
s
vc;
e cJ.ear tYiat w:~th the probable, le
to i'orec~~st, it 'uecar~ ? ?to drap the dock
'?~ was recorromendec~, to the trust
could not Float ~ ~ ~'
d out
i
e
carr
~ ~~ orsible? Mox~eove~~, the trus t
aw a,~ p
~s ~
b
.
s
From cra
r '~ ~ ed toward ~'aci1.:>.ation o.~' the d,oc;k~ s
r~a?the:r seriea a~' me~,surea d~.rec t
a
. ~ r s,~b5equently maintained w~.th the
comrnuna.Gat~an waa
~
ar
I~e~~
ecas?ts cansultatian on Chair uti-?
tz~ust :far purposes off' checlc~.n~ for ~ ,
on
t~
nda
.
.
? ~ ~ ' n~'ormation on the current co
li~atian and trans~~issJ.an off' ~.
launching.
-~...~,f.,~the r~.ver
the (load peak on the rivex trouble ae
days before
era~
~eV
. ' n ,the region o:f' the do clc site, the
veloped: 'the 'water level rase ~ a an
Valk
h
'
e
h it on
~.m assib~.e to ~~.aunct
dock ~':1.oated, lout ~.t we,s p
account a~ ,ice movemen~?
casting nepartmen't ins'tsa~tly wain ed
't'he ~ydro~.a~ical Fare .the
ear ~utu~re, even be~r?re the end a~
the trust that ~.n the very n ~ breakup
~ec't a dxop in the level (a;E"t~~ ~h
ice ~'~.aw, they shau7.d exl
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
_ _ _.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
of the ,~am~, as a resu.1,t o,~ ~~~cl~ the do~;lc m;~~h~~ se~Gt~.a an an LAM
prapar?d, ~ ' ;ad p~,aee and be destroyed `~'hQ trust touk s'taps ~.~
food t~.ma, snd w}yen, tl~.e wa~,or subsided, the dpclc se~tt~,ed, on ~~ safe
p~,ace~ ~~J~e moment off' pas,5a~e off' the ;~.ood pQAk and ~~s he:~~ht wcx~o
a1.so commun,i.ca~tecl ~.n food t;l,rne ~to 'the trust, and 'the dock was
s~~ccess,F.u;t~,y ~,auncf~c;d on t}~e Vo1~a,
'~}ius, as a r~~.suLt off' correct utilization of ~~}1e Hydrolo~iral,
T'orecas'ting l~epa~^~m~;n~; ~ s ~~ecommsnda'~xon conc~rnzn~ droppa,n~ ~;he clocJt
from cr~.bs and ids w~~rn~.n~ concerning ~tl~re drop o;~ tl~~e Leval. a~''ter
't1~le Liquidation o:C the jam 'the dark was successfu~.Ly Launched on
the Vo~.~a and, saved from passible, destrue~tion.
~'he hydx~ometeorolo~ical. bureau a.n Malchach?YaLa in May of
L9~.9 warned Da~;esl;an national economic or~~aniza~tians 'thxco or :dour
days in. advance about expected fir~s~t au~t~u~nn frosts and, conducted
ski~.Led consultations on the stakes off' deveLo~anent o:1:' these x'rosts~
In most of the ar~;r~.nizations prec~,u~t~ion~~ry steps were ~talten
~to ward 'l;}Ze flower ~ar~dens and truck ~;e,rrl,en crops from the au~twnn
fros~ta. A5 a result ~~he harvest eras saved,
On .Nybinskiy reservoir in Oc~L'a~aer L9l~g a storm which had
..~~""~"~ '"~'"``"`~~nn, observ~d_~'ox~:~ri;~`daw ys~br ull~ on a s~tappa~e o:~" work ~.rz ,' -~u~` ?'~'"' ~"".
towing was stopped an account of the recommpncem~n~ a~' s~Lorm weak. carp.
hauled aLL t}~etimber arrosso xn tl~e fo~.l.owin~; Long period tirabe
raf~tin~, Ln connection with a s~lor~t sLacken~,n~ of thewind wh~.c;h
was e,xpec~ted accardi.n~ to 'the wea,~ther forecast the rnana~ement o:~'
~'e~^ebarslc piers concentrated the ~rho~.e ~tnw~.n~ f~.ee't ~.n ~t~,me 'to tr~w
'the waod~ Malcin~ use of t;:e slackening of the wind and 'the su~~si?
dence of turbulence on the reservoir, the towing fleet successfu.~.ly
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
__
 ~ Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3
ea . snow sta~rme we~~e ~bgervad oar ~akhal~n
~~cept~.at1a11y ~~~ vy
~~~ ~ fig, ~Jarnings off' '~he~e etaxma wer? g~va~
~.n ,~an~Lary and ~ cbrua~ ~ ,
,, , . ~~ ' thal,in 1~~~.road ,~dmin:~st~:~ation took st@pe ~n
ahead o~ ~~me ~ lh? Sal
" 'he dr~,~'t~.nE~ sno~a; ~,a~aox :~oxces "and mach~,n~.s we~~e
t~.me to c,omlaa~ t
aar the roads off' dr~.fi''~a y 'l;x'aa.ns wex?e key
prepared and placad to c1
. , wok stoppage w~~,s reduced t o a m;~rumumm
in the s ca~~,oa~s, l~t~ lroad
the h dxometeorolo~;ical bureau in Mill{hach~?
On ~0 Ma,xc11 1919 y
to the l~a~;estan ~s.sh 'I'rus'L'. `~'l~e trust
X{a~,r~, gave a s'I~oxm warna.n~,
oncez~a ko~,kho7aes and sovkho~es to take a.n
orders to all f;Lshing c ~
'the enterprises which put 'these dixecta.ore
~rrleix nets and seines.
'tel re5exved the~.r fishir~; equipment. r~he
into e~ecuta.:]n comp~.e y p
a ~ j concern dial nat put 'these instructia~~s ;.nto
d:~rec'~oa:~ o:L one fa.sla.>rng
ent1, his fishing equipment was destroyed by,
exccut;iarl and consequ y
xm and the fisi}linl; concern. suff'ez~ed great Noss
the s to
' the dsily work practice o:~ Hydxome'~eoz'ologi-
~~Zc; gx ett ably, a,ri
' casea a~' ~:;xosa blundez~s still. occur, which
cal Service xathcx msa~Y
' ' t off' nat~.anal econama,c oxganiza.'~ions and
disrupt 'the normal actavva. y
cast the government dearly.
~. ~ es show t~iat pxo,faund study a~' the needs o:~
~.he ca.l;ed e,ca~npl
~? ' b H dxometeoxalogica~. Service leads in the
economic or'gana.Za~a.or~s y y
c;~t.veness in hydxgrneteax'"~. ~~~ ~-~'~ ~''"~"
Final analysa.s to great~~~ .~
les allow us to malwe the concl7asion that all
to them. ~h~se. examp
o~is'ts and synopticians) must study the needs
foxncastexs (hydxol ~
ex or~'ani~ation i'or forecasts and various hydxa'meM
of one or anoth
'k ~ in al:L their detail. ~''oxecasters who axe
~~ teoxalaga.ca~. mater~a~.s
~' with .the needs a~' the axgani~a~ians served by'
~~ thoroughly fama.la.ax
~; out economic mea~
4~ , act;3wve ~~~Lic~.p~n~s ~.n caa"xy~.ng ..
~~~,? them wall b~comc p
N,~ ~' ~
xi ing out
c '~
,
'~ ~ ~ ~ri~.l became cansu~.tazLts i~ the p~ cess o
sures~ h y
' ~ es attain maximum e~'~"ect~,venes~ ~.n
the~~ measures and a.n these cis
the ~ nat~'ona~. ~ e cariamy
h~rr~xom~teornlag~.ca~l serv~,ce bra ~~ ~ ~ ,
w 9i "11rn~ ^-~' o~ ~~ 0,~5 ~7 a P ~I J ~~i 1 ~i i ~ 37S Nr r~+u~ '~'I rv~ l1A t
6~A11 i~ f3~~ Y a ~~ "~ ll t '~RiP
r
~
`
4
ya ~ ~~
.,n,?..,..?+,r....r ~
~ ~ . r ,
a ~
~a ~ ~, ~ ~a ~, sh~ q ~ ~~ 7~tR9
C a 1 ?t ~ P ,~ i ~ f ' ~ mJ r, ~ ~ ~ ~~,~ro 'Ids ~~ ~~~ r ~ ~E~~ r ~' `" ~~
~ ~ i { r r wi ~ i ~ ~ ~~ ~,y~ ~y
'~ ~ ti~ r ~ ~, i ,q [ti~a~t X171 ~~y~+ 1 ~S `~~''i"~~r" ~SGr , ~' ~ ~~4
?, i ~~~~ .} ~ ; . ~' 1, ~_'. i, ?, . ~,~ i ~,~~EI 0 ,^ ~~i ~o-!i0~~~~It~Itti.5~d1eS~~~`~t: ~~~~#~it~'d;z~~d~4'~f~.~~~~itA ~ , ~'~~~.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001-3 ~~',
 ^
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200150001
?' '~NC~ TN I~;~~OM~r~1~c~1~0~,QG~G.P~, ~~.~
~XP~I~
PAS'~U~ a'~'?(~{ ~PItTS;Li~G ~N KA~AK~I
x~P~ Pox~'ix~yQV~
v ~A ~ ~~;epanov~
A~P~ ~~'edoseyov
~~ tox o:E Kazakl~s~tan thF~x~e are ?tremc~ndous de?
Tn ?the vast taxza. y
and ha.~;h~mourl~;aa.n ps,stu~'e areas ~ c~7.~.ma'~. c
acxt, sern~.desert, s'tappe
. ~ ~ ublic and the characteris~t~.cs of the pastuxe
conda.ta.ons ~.n the yep
,ybl e ?to m~n'ta~n l~,vc stock an pxeen :Eoddex
ve~e?tata.on make a.t pos
i,ivestacl~ ~;~'a'z~?nf~ is conduced, '~as~ca;l.l.y~
throughout the yeax~
idex~a"ply les;~er decree year round
on seasonal pe,s~tures~ ~.o a cons
astures also e~.st in Ka7a~chs?tan.
p
- ~~ ~ ? Mraisin~; is a1:' ve~~y ~~;reat signi~'ic anc e in
l~ar~ge J.a,ve,~tock
~~, ~ .~ ear ~~.an i'ox developr~lent oi: pubJ.ic kolkhaz
a ur c ountry ~ 1 he thz ee y ~
~' e lives'tocl~?~'aising places r~e~'ore Kazakhstan
anc~ savkhoz produc?ta.v
~; e ;l,~.vestack considerably An ever greater
the task off' ~,ncreasa.n~; h
saeci~'ied by 'the pla~1 fax the second pas'tM
~.ncree.se in livestock a.s , C
war fa.ve~;Iear period.
' a1is't :Lives'tockMrais~.ng entexprise must be
'the gxow'ing coca.
el.ernental disasters and, in particular, :Exam
x~e~.i~bly protec~tied From
enomGna. N~eteoro~.o;~iaal candi'tians, as basic
un~"avar.
2. Polyakov, B. V., Hydrological Analysis and Calculations.
Gidrometeoi.zdat, Leningrad, 196.
3. Sokol.ovsl{ly, U? L. , Hydrological and dater-Conservational
s for the Designing of Small GES [Hydro-
CaJ.cu:l.s.tic?n
electr s} . Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, electric Stations)
a. a
fi
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001
~'~M?
AsRV1~~
:i:. Yap Liser
data an water temperature in the autumn period, one the eve
?
of iCe faxmatican, present great interest for hydro1ogicai fore
~? a h c~x~a`.agical f oracss'ting , clepart~
castirig? These data enter th y
? r1,Cc~~. Service Administration) in the
ment$ of UGMS C Hyd,rom~,~,earo~.o?,
' eras but, z~egrettab~.y, they have ?ssan"
da~,~.y hydro~.ogical t,e,l. ~ >
tial shortcomings.
The fact is that in the majority of cases the oServerS,
r observations from the shore, register
since they have made their
a .' is one. characteristic for a small off ?
water temperatux e which ~. only
shore section.
There are two causes for such a situation;
rr out the "`1'each~.ng" badly in respect to
(~,) observsrs Car.r,,
erature and in their inspections of water
observations of water temp , , little attention to this aspect of observation
,
meter stat:>~uns pay
( 2) even when the d'rectians of the ~cTes,ching'~ are carried
~.
out it temperature of the affshare lane Which is re-
~,s the water
~ should be talceri 7.nto account that abw
this it
cax~ded? In doing th~.~
servations are often conducted in a zone influenced by tribu-
taries.
the information an water temperature obtained
jnsofa:t?' as
from the stations does not give a correct picture of the river's
thermal regime effective utilization of it is also hampered.
;ftl9P ~i . 11 ~'t~0 ~1 MfiM1eo ??)ir A e dM ,'t l1 ' j."y ldj A I nk r 7N i .. y1 i ,i ' x.
sID~r~y 4f' lf~J1Tf ~?J4~~~! rl t.~,Y. t.. }1) tira4 I+?~.~ "I f~~e~ 4./ I Ilef A( d%
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 14
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
ex exiAnea o~ the Myc~ra1o1~.aaa,
On. the bac~i,~ of th? wax~c ~
aanoyaxalc UGM$ one may make th?
the
orecast~ng epA.x~tment of
an weer t?mpexature obtai,nod ~.2
i.n~exenca that the i,n2oI91ati0n
~aov?x it is aomatimee
used extramely sijght1y. Mop s
i abtal.ning reliable data
In spite the inipoxtaflce o
ti,cal steps hays yet been taken in
an water temperature no prac
this direction to date.
abtaining repreaentative water tempex'aM
An experiment in
b Krasnoyarsk UGMS. With this purpose di
tore data was made by
rections were given to selected base stations in the autumn
period of 19~719L8 for rnaking supplementary observations of
M
attcr were to be conducted at a dish
water temperature. The l
hone with the t~1ermameter immersed
Nance of 100204 meters from
s .' d
The data obtained were cam~nuna.cate
to a depth of 1M2 meter. 5
Forecauting Department of the UGM .
daily to the Y~ydrolog~.cal
one were selected in all on the Yeniseym
Ten such s tata.
observation. materials in the 19L7
Analysis of the supplementary
19L8 period. allowed one to conclude that these data, are of great
value.
that the water temperature observations
Thanks to the fact
the o~'~'shore zone, they reflected well
were carried out beyond
enough the temperature of the whole stream. The water temperatore
?tar observation data was usually higher
according to the supplemen y
, the shore zone; the temperature dif'~'eren.ce
than the temperature in
was as high as three degrees (Table 1) o
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
41
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
TABU 1
Water Temperature of the Yenisey River (198)
Water Temperature in Det reeS Cerlti'
grade
Point
Dato
at shore
200 me to rs
from shore
Dif 'erpnce
KT'ssnoyar$k
October 19
3.0
L.O
1.0
Yartsevo
October ?
5.2
8.2
3.0
Turukhansk
October 1a~
1.
2.1.
0.9
Ust ' -Port
October 12
6.0
6.6
0.6
U s t ' Port
October 13
3.3
6.1
2.8
As a characteristic example one may cite the water tempera'-
'cure observations on the Yeni.sey at Dudinka (the lower stream).
Here, during l9Lt6, observations were conducted at the shore, in
the zone of influence of the Dudinka River, which i'J.ows in at
the side. The water temperature fluctuated sharply and showed
no coordination at all with the onset of ice formation. Be-
ginning with 1916 observations were conducted here From the
expeditionary launch Oiprorechtrans via an excursion out on the
Yenisey River where the influence of the Dudinka River is ex'-
chided. These data turned out to be representative and there'
fore frp from the sh.azce~er~ above Moreover,
attempts to utilize them for forecasting the beginning of ice
formation at Dudinka were successful.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
on the basis off' what has been written ona may conclude that
supplementary observations of the water temperature in the middle
part of a aver current are positively expedient and assentia1e
It seems to us that the question of designatin a network
of points within the region of aotivity of a UGMS wherQ repreM
sentative observations oi' water temperature must be conducted
(with the assurance of floating equipment for these points) hELS
come to a head. In additions instructions for the conduct of
such observations should be compiled. In the working out of the
instructions the period during which the supplementary observaw
Lions should be conducted should be established. For purposes
of hydrological forecasting, observations are necessary in the
period lion, the moment the water temperature drops until the be-
ginning of ice formation.
It is essential to point out that the problem posed is
of primary significance for the great rivers of Siberia, which
present the greatest interest for navigation.
It should be noted th~.t water temperature observations
can be successfully conducted by the vessels of the river
flotilla which are out on voyages. In this connection it is
essential to establish contact with the appropriate organizations
of the Ministry of River Flotilla.
 A.5. 0!'itss'ov
a to a cu.r'ant is iinrnaxsed in it 1hQra
W]Aan some obs taa1, a
layer off' the curx~ar1t a dead. zc~na with extx'
;~'ornas irr the aur~ac;c, ~.ay ~ ces the
ro velocities. `t`his dead zone iniiuan
mo].y sm~,l J. ox even ze~ this x'caM
growth of: the ioc sheet in a definite way. For s~d off' ta.M
)resent not only theoretic;al, but also px
son study Of it r 0,1 there is no dead zone
at all opposite the gap. In thE; pz esence of gaps i~Y the obatacl.e
the veolocities in the dead zone increase with increase of b/la.
Measure nier.ts of he thickness o ' thc; dead. layer with the
aid of dyes showed that in 1aborfEtory condi.tians it amounts to
1 millimeter. Observations of the variation of the velocities of
the stream under thdoad layer' showed that the gradient V/cH
in the dead layer and under it are extreraely great arid the actual
veioci,ties of the current uncler the dead layer are established,
c1oE,e to the Layer.
In the case where a series o.t obstacics wez'e set up along
the st;rearn it becallle clear that, independently of the density
of diE.tribution of the obstaclrr;s, if s/I~ was the same :tor all
of them, the length of tree dead zone in front of the first obstacle
remained unchanged. It was shown, furtl'ie:r, tl:Lat behind the ob~
stacles the tux'bulence of the stream is in.ci'- ased, and with other
caditions remaining; iEientieri. the length of .the dead zone in front
al' the abstaclE3s i'olllowiru the first is always considerably leE~s than
in front of the first.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
~l'hO e xper i.m ents in natural. conditions were conducted in February
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
and March on a river 9 meters wide, with an~vcx'aaA depth off' 0.39
maters and an average velocity of 0.3 meters per second. For this
river ?Q.02 and RT3, OQ0. rl'he obstacle was ;First solid, and
then with gaps oi' 0. maters at the shore
Frorll this rosearcl~ it w4ts shown that wa.th S/H 0.2 the J.en;th
01' tl~e dead zone meters or L/5 (a.0; in the presence of an
oIBenin; the dead zone sitortened, and oppostie the opcniing it was
al~scrrt, It was shown, Further, that j'ormation 01' art ice sheet on
the dead zone proceeds us'L, as :Fast as on a standing reservoir, and
that the ice sheet itself creates a dead zone. 'J.'he length of the
atuer it the experimental. conditions :Levelled out to 0.i~M4.2
meters. The pr'er;ence o.[' waves e1trrLimitc~a the dead zone
In g nerai the research showed that a dead zone is f'ormE:d
by the ice sheet itseii; and that it serves as a zone o;L' prepara~
Lion of the water for :f'reez'ing. rr1 e ton; er this zone, the faster,
all othc,r conditions being equal, will the ice fie:Ld grow; in
other wo rd.s, the smaller the Froude number ;i:'or the str'earn, the
faster th( ; growth o:L t .?hy, ire ?ir~ld on it. The speed of expansion
of` the ice si~eet is apparently inversely proportional to the square
V~
) .
---
gH
By applytg an obstacle, one may speed up the setting oi' to
ice. The depth of immersion c)i the ob tacle in the stream, inasmuch
I ~^"._ ~? MM CIA Yi 4MI rt . M .O. 1 ? I ? .r ? y
a"tYi ;c~;~rlio7~ a1' the ice i'ield. . s r)asicaiiy stipuiatedby-th A
dead. zone which is derived from the ice field, can be, for this pur~
a
nose as small as one pleases. rl'lre number of obstacles cari be
limited to one.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
FktON l'1? 'EQRQLQQy AND HYDFtOLOQY' S" DI'TOHIAL OFFICI
The editQriai to 'Y off: the ,)oux'na1 "Metooro1o r and l ydro1oy'n
is i.li'orncin tl?re autl~ozs of articirs sent in to thA it 'orjmat,jon col"
leotion "Meteoro1ot ( and Elydroloi?'y'~I wlll.eh way; pub1i5h?ul until i9~o,,
that th i editorial stai,,l' i 1ancint through the ini'ormation eo11ce
tionis portfolio arid is rescrvin to itseir trtc, right to ,elect ear-
tam o articles for piataement in tha journal ~IMeteoraiQL,y and Ilyc,lro-
logy". The articles which remi.n ai'ter the elocL on, unsuitable
,L'or printing in the journal on account of their great bulk or i'or
any other reasons, will be di1 ec i;ed to Gidrnmeteoizdat [U:y'dromete~
orological publisi'Ling House] with tic recojnmenclati.of that some of
them be placed in HydrometeoroloL;iCal ervicet c in.i'orrr,ation collec '
ti.on which is to be published by Gidrometeoizdat as tl'ie mLeri ~1
is accwnuiated,
/0/
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
(J i ~I'iI 01 S4 tN ) I
V . V . Ri iOVI " LiOH b C i' ,`I(N~a AND ut)1VSRUUTIQN",
L I I',Y DhT i L) !aNINO AU, 19 9.
x,. l~l~Q~1
, . r ~ ~a' : issue of ~~1~o boc~l~ be~.n~
]'~lb;l.a]a~ ~ ~ic~u~ ~
~~ydx'cam-3
COllr~e in hy~lxo
.'~'~i~ ~~I;',1.]~Lc;d
iclz :Ls L1(') t.l
rc,vi.wy'd~ ~wll
oVtX'r lli.~book
1nc:LrY, , wl~.ic't1 is on the
Inu~-t be wc,:l.comE,d 11 r cditioxz
.
,, r ~x~,c1.:~c:ntl,y ~~u].1.sll~;ci i,n a big
w11~~1.e no~~ U~zy cr~rl~l~o r1d e oad G~
on ' 1~0~1 ~z
, pF'i~ '~?tz`~'
wLll und0Llk,~,' f'tnd bx
LU,~lC1O Cp~,,c,5)' .prIao'Ui(aaho,I1~.lhvolti f'or
~1I~r1 a
a
'n -iIa~tr,'at,)n l~tii].C~,in~I;.CS';~ In UUGMS i
Wc7Y' ~'l1
.,.,t,U~ipl'~t ctiI1C1 111 ~1~11E~1
V1~C , , ~1
lt ~
115
tX't;aqupsti0
o:r' tiaO part3 ? '1'llC ? L x'S `.
baolc ~Ollaa.,a ~
o and 1n~~.~ud~;s
1' hydro' ? i,ayOut ~
r i.1t,a1:l,;zt1o1.1 aid c,;a.ICLL~.GI Lion o
~, ~ a.~.l.atlon and con-
n ina`~
o pe 1'a'~ IatI d ~2
,~wa c;h~L~~Uerw,; (1.) ~1uz.lciin~ huction
j';,l'e 0.~' ~
, i.;>:1? !t si1px'L de: C::L p,U1Cn 1s ;:Lv'eI'1
r1,1.L1ot:L 1~ dc; ~. jobs and basic
],ocis or ocl,rd, pi:lo, s1;,One, Cpl'1GZ arid 111e'tia
n~tf .. ., n oa ~c~ ~ and si;z'enF;tll o% 1na,`t,er1a1.5 is
c,ol~stxuCt~i.o1~1 m~;clz. ` wa.5~,ra~115
This part is z':LC11..ed. Ty ' ~..~~.ustz'ated th dr wc;~.s;llk, wk1~?CtI
'e~ and to p1'0vith it wI ~
Chor .
cable ate one a:L the a
off: G cat)lc, lpnbtn with
raril)ensa?~e, 1:ax varia10I the 1
aul,oraalclY as ~Li1.~.7 ~xre rra~
5.ion
~terrrpex'at,ure ~'luc~t~uat~l.oTI? ? p,pe Cra5Jrc;S as :L ' ?1,Y~ he pij)e and men wol~.Ld
To make trLe ca'ule balance w~.
c,an; .tx,uct,ed.
r: ~ h?k; s ~ri>,~.rh r'end.c;x's such a
o 1e33 tha 110 tons in r~ jg
'e~.~u.x,e a ~.oad n
clesi.n unx,ea:t,is~ic;.
,.~ ernent We~.rs and '~ r'ouhs" ;
In r g Ctr~.rJYI ,~. 1~~~,Grl,~llx'
.. .r~~hneusa~l~,~cvsk~.Y we?,i'
Fig does not stow t,hc Ve
(a~ 131a
it ~ s below the picture)' but a wear o11 central 1~av~.nEr
(as ~'~ '~a, ~ '?~c~s ?tJ'cta~L stud~.es of the e~.~.
oot,noi~c% ~Lllc au?Ll~a;~ writes
arable
(b) In a ' ~it.Evs and, that ~. t ~. s pre f
~t5 unsatisaol~ox7 quay
Weir have sYro~~n cor'cect~, and 'there are
ta use a rad~.al weir, ''h1;~ remark is cornpietelY
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012103130: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
re usefui to prsont in tree bQQk the data on
it wo-id navc, been Inca
tudiod in detai.1 by the OQx in 1,99
t radt1 wich waa s
.... , that ?tho for~rlul.as f'or de~~c;r~minait~ar~ ai'
It is to 'the point to ~ ~ ~~r
thrau~rx a s:Lit weir pertain to a weir' with
ult~~ r'.srhar ? o~waLex I~
.' 7~, : ~~ ? minuta;3, and alrat 1(a dx'ses; the ~:rar?
an arl aJ, 9 d~~ ,~x ~.c?a 3
mui.aa are ~nr'c1,ab1and lb wus worthfe to prce~eft tttezrt.
( G) In the a a,nteret~.3tion of D.L. Solcolovskiy's i'oa:1nu1~a Cor
~,p
l' thy: mximal dischar e a E' thE; s pring h:L4 h water
de~tn>:7rtirlation o
? ncorree t;Ly the ma.imintcm3ity o.C
ce
( 2L~9), ~yararrl'tr A is .l~
,srio~J?meltin.
(ci,) In s:1.ea'Lirlg with the 1~ydrotea ~.ni.cal calculation the au-
it
out and preseni~s
,
~' ~' f'i.lt~ration ~unrl.c;r a wc;a.r. As a tlu~~thod oa:
a ~;enc;xa;h ~~i.ctur'r. o.(. ~n
~,,.. , tion aw' a hyrlradyna~nic arid, is
caJ.c~ula~t~.on, con, tx uc,
nts no illustran o:' the construction. Mean
tile alltl~p.C ~Jre+a~
h~rcLr'ac.~yna~'c~i.c leas
wt~~ile the cans~tr~~c't:~o Of a grid :I:'ar rar~e or
n ~
y f unr.,i,erground contours presonts consi.de:L'abie
GO113'~7, c ar.i:'aI3~?,c,IClE.nt~ 0 w
e time such clrlan~;emc:r~ts (.f:or e.;,arap1.e bottom
di f' ~~.i' cul'ty. At the s ~~
controls or 'iJa:t''i.'lc: c~~aritr~a~.s equipped thteeth) are aJ.to~;ether
r trio rautice and the re exists for' their. hydra-
po
mrsO:a1'~~.cLnbl7.Ca in hyd~,Mme p
' ,~ a,curate and incor~ipa.rabl~Y
easier ...er ., . l . Gctl~;ulati. ~n the of uf fiai Acr~detneicix3atl,~ ~
n 1~.~~J , pavl.av~slciyy w.rich shou'l.c~
fra~,rn3pnts method method also have ueen presented.
As an cement or guaranteeing the inundation of an
hydraulic j3,3rnp the author describes only a het well., which ch is by
far not always the best means, since It Lrin ~5 about an increase
n and c;az~thwoz'ltis and an increase in counter-
~,~~, -tile vole 01. COnCr~tO
uld have been appropriate for the author to i~ave
pressu~ ~c. It wa
indicated other, easier and no less ef'iectiVe types o:L' dampers
only speaks or the necc,s$i'tY a carrying
ox
1 ~r
;
IN
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
(a)rQn, 3 n~ov bE lrn)
( ?) A:Lino t noTi,n is s+ a.d about orlb aonwt ?uctione in weir
insta1iations. Meanwhiie inotaLLation off' this tyz~r hou1d Lind
broad application in permafr.ast eondition.
(t ) In weir in ta1.tation an arrangc,rit oa; drain pipes
;joinini t;l'io upper water with the under ?'4 n1pua,sory; so,n thin
houic have been written about this.
(h) T'hr~ invezs(J s:Lope oJ, tl'~.c3 bottom ?i' the di.sch(3r;e fuunnel
o.l' a hydrornetr'ie trough a1TIQLlnt to o.166, not O.OBLt (the error in
"Instructions i'or' Hydrorn trio S?uat.i..)ns and Posits", nurrib,.r 6, part
:u:, is repeated in ttlis book).
(i) The :f'ornnuta for detnminat?in o1 the discharge o:t water
flowing through a hydrometric trough is Liven incor r ct1ya
're section ccAr.tjfjcia1 Cont.r'oi Cuts~c (sectL:.n Lt.) is worked
out extremely slr{e'tchily. Only r enc;ral indications i'rorn "Ins ilruuct.. ons
i'or Hydrous ~rir; Stations nd. Posts" on ar'r'an ;emrEnt of control cuts
and a (iesc.ription o1' two dos .L;ns dev1oped by thGGI are pr'e,erxbed.
In particular, there are no concrete directions on the l.ayoult o:G'
the gimp:Lest control channels.
Uniform tcrrrrinoiog;y i not a1way,s rrrai.ntained. in the book.
FOt e.:arr~pl.e an automatic water-lovel. recorder is oi'ten ca11e;d a
:1.imnigraph (an obsolete and inaccurate teri), the te:r'ms ttleveiu
and "11or" lorl" arcs mixed, etc.
OnF~ should not conclude ?rom this enumeration of omissions
and errors discovered with carefu1 scrutiny that the criticized
book is not of good, quality; they only testify t~ some of the places
where the work is unfinished, espec:Lally in the second parts `i'hi.s
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
?' ~ ~ have noun quaa~~i~'
,fit, Wh(~n hraso Arlla ~, Alla m h
l~~d. it burn ,ubrn~a.tt~d to
cox'~,^~;c~~ae~a. 1au:~azu the book as pri,n~t~d ~
jtrnanf X1Y discuss .on.
m~tl~QC~,s
Sinc ? ?tutF, Cux,1 is the c~untra:l.
tie ~ Y~aac~~;au~~ Tntiti..u r
organ in the Laeld oi' hydroMeti'Y, adr~inia"a,nIa ai~
E., E~ u~.~~,ross t1~o wash that Oa~lro
works in '1w GUQN1S n,two~~k, ors rnG~' ,~' in hydro
~
vi.ew nianual.s and ~extbooEcs a,n ryrnetr,Y.
tc;oazc~~lt kl~~d drs~,ttLCl GUI to z~
o .N. 130rs?u.k , A.R. SkY~
113
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001
CQi ENTS
PaL 3
11tY(luni m1 s Great Constructt0fl Works and the
OU
Aims off' the Hydro~net8Or'010~ i0 iJ. 5 rvicn '
'r ash~.n and Kh4P. pogosyan, rjhp Luostion of
10
CiLmate anal G1illtato;enir. Factory
N.P, `l'or7J'e1 l ,, PydrometCQr010 f Scr'vice
to to National Econorr
rmov, 'T'oward a Revision oithe Basic Concepts
S.F. I~hra
of S;rnoptic Anal.ysis
'uby an Apropos o!' S?P? KhromoV' , Article
'T'oward a tcviaiof o.L bh basic Goneep s
Synol 27
tic AnaiysiS'
Por~l'irIyeV, V.A. 5~epafOV, and A.P. 1+'cUOSCyCV~
x perierree in ilydrorneteOX010;iea~. Servir;e to
.~I
L
Pturai 5't0ck-RaiSing in Kazakhs an 314,
NG. D iitri ova, Calculation of Snow-Cover Density
Using Neteoruloi,ic,al. Data 39
GhV. Rziiep,l.irrslciY, +'3u1oy$" of'f the SoutheaS'tern Coast
of the Crimea
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
I~>
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
SHORT 1 PORT'S ANL) A~I''ICL
I.K. 'jroyan, A Graph-Interpu1atOzof Wind Velocity
and Dirc~ca'tion or Standard Altitudes
N. S. Q3. r d,1'arb, A Ox"aph l'or Galculativn of the Ve rticai
Tenp'atUre Gradient
S.N. KoshcheyeV, Partnqualce fteoor'ding sit Neteoro1o}w,icaa,
Stations
z.V. Dzhordzhio, DiStin;uiSh1n4 the Mezhcn' Plow in
f
fa.Vex's of G ntx'ai Asia
R.A. Ne h1khQVSkiy, Short 4?ange Por'oeas I/s in a I'luitiM
Tri'uatary Section
x.Ya. Liser, Observations of Rivex' Water Ternpez'ature
AI S. Ofitserov, Prob1erris of (rowth of an I e Shcct and
Acceleration of its Setting
Fro,it the lditorial Offir;e
aRITI 1 S1~I ANT:) E1~i3LI01ItPFIY
O.N. L3orsuk and A.1~. Skuye, V.V. Aristovskiyr S "HydrometriC
ins bai:1.ations and Conatr'uctionstt
Edia.tor, K.I. Kashin
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/03/30 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200150001-3
PaL
553
53
)
5g
60
61
TechnicaL Editor, L.B. Kononova
Copy Editor, M. P. 13usheva