NEW TRENDS IN USSR MEDICINE: INFORMATION FROM THE BOOK PROBLEMS OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700080187-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 9, 2011
• Sequence Number: 187
• Publication Date: September 2, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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f:n:i~JTRY ASR
SUBJECT Seieatific _ E~Sedicirse, n_u devoloFa~nts,
NOV! enrgery
~li~l iCUw~ ~.-^ya~_ periodical
6?,'kda='Zc
CATE
PU6LiSHEL~ Jan 1851
LAh;GUAGE
a. "~ r.. n iao n. ~a Kuvn. m,u ,u"nios oe~,oirv"i e"nunu~
e~ 1? u_ysc~s" 1~ "n a~yau ru ui ouorwnm, ~ nsson a rso.
DATE UIST. ~ 5.,.1:, ~-. 1952
SOURCE Tr~l Aksdemii E!e33t61nskikh Aau? c'wSCc, Vol XII, "Problems Kiinichcalsop
i ~~~I.~:r? ~-ntnl~nm,~ f~ditainy,l A. A. ylehneas?;i ~+ ~~
yr cce institutes of Surgery imeni Pmfeaeor A. V.(Viahaevokig,2Acadewy
of R'~dicai 6ciencee U3SR, 1951,.270 pp.
DJSSf '1':t.?,?,DS IP USSR i?~DICI'FIBs Il9F01$LATI019 FRO?i 2~' B007C
"PROSLEH,g OF C.?IISICAL A9D SEER AL &[TRGF~Y`{~~
ikhe following are sema~aries of papers preae~ed at a 3~lay
saientlflc rnsetivg held is Yovember 19by at the I~eytitistc; of
Rur6e:y 1:^ri A? V? Viahn_vsitAy, Acadergy of Ydedical 3ciencce
USSR, to honor the nesory of A. V. Vishuevakiy. The cosgslete
papers pnbliohesd in tho book cited shore, as cell sa soma aD-
etracte written by the Saviet authors sad appended to aoa3o of
the papers, were need in preps: iag th?; aummries.
"The ROIo of Professor A. Y. Vishnevakiy in Rational Sargery," Prof~saor V S.
I.evit, Boa 3ci iTorker, PP 5-13
A. '~. ViahaerEkly, zsho died in Lgorsabe~ 1~9, deeeloped s method of
anaetreaia by creeping infiltrntloa, i~olving contact of s~rnsa v,lts~~ their
whole length 91th an anesthetic which has been introduced under pmaatera. His
wurL m tf~ novaa9n block convinced him that thfa method brings about chaages in
the iaanaobiologicnl resctiaas of tisanes; $e also devised acthoda mf local
aaeathesa which greatly simplify surgery of the chest and developed a nvaber
of other iurgi2al affi therapeutic methods.
pgzma3lantstion of ;he F?,art," Prof B. y. O+lmav, Carr. )~, Aead bfed .=c1 DSSIR, "
7
Hearin of trn?a vem nnec?sefnily trananlsated ai: Professor $initala'9
laboratory is Gor'k~ye f-cos ?rith t>-..naplwted hsar@:s aurviv+td in a stets of
anabinsis for several aautha ar longer. aurries,L of srarm_blouted animesla after
hour ~ hsRa _ DISTRIBUTION
AIR ~ Fal
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Chia opeAatlon hoe not been reported, hoaev.:r. Frain tre technlccl vi::;rraint,
anY ~'Su c+~n be transplanted, but the pw-cbiam o? compatibility of proteins,
epithelium, and endothelium of argaus of the donor and the recipient hsa not
jdt be=i. ao isPn:;tOriiy coiv~3. Since 19ae, ecter'ive traum;,,tic3u,juries of
cart?-emitiesLhave been nuccessfully treated to the :ISuR, uith the aim of pre-
"`-mina d;~+}'anc and saving tihe mzmber in question, by carrying out a local.
ized blcwd transfusion into the arterial syatea vi the cxtremitS-. Grafting
o.f legs to young rata uas succesofully de=onetrrt~d at the Surgical Sacieby
b=iw,o Yiarld 1I;3;~ II, but on healing, the rats .acre unable to bend the to^.a v?
tiro athrr^uiae ?tseable tranapiante3 legs. Arplication o? Gvdo:'s suturing
apparatus .u;d other perfected techniqueo proaise n greater dek~c` of su_~;or~n
in tranaplantettiona of the heart and other orgnnn.
"I;xueris~nta7. iranspl.antatien of th:^ Heart and LunGe," V. P, Bc"iJ.l:itr.~~, p,~
1b-32
Attempts at h?~moplastic transplantation of,organa havt best: anauccessf\tl
until nov, otiing to impCrfect surgical techniques and failure to restore blood
c?aculation in the transplant. Incompatibility has no bearing at all on the
Yailures, The follcuing operations :are successfully perforced,amoag others:
grafL-ing of chlcken cornea to human aub,Ject (pilatov); transplantation of
kidneys (Shl;vas); transplantation aY ovarire to rate am guiron oigc, ;tith re-
stored function ;nry,~sk;,ya and Loparin, Kab~1;1; ~?afting cf ~ ;,;, lc ~ :.a ?a
='r,t (Lspchinekiyj; implantation of a rudlnen i U
an adult d tart topth Pram a dead P1PPY into
ug (Lsnchinskiy); transfusion of bloo3 of :another soup to dogs (F'edo-
rov, Ks arkina); and connection of the bodies of tuo animals with each other,
so that parabioais is established (Kolpakov and Perel'msn; crior tc th,nt-
aperatione of this type care unauccesafully attempted by &3uerl,rv_h)'~
The author of this paper and l,ia group hove vorked since 19u0 on the
transplantation of hearts, lunge, and kidneys of warm-blooded animals, The
serves of experiments described at gresent deals with transplantation of a
second heart and iie parallel connection into the system of blood circulation;
trnsapl.entatl.c-; of a second heart, together with one lung; tranaplantstion of
3 second 'mart with ventriculostxriculor anastemosis; and complete raplacet~eut
of the heart and lunar. All experiments were carried out an dogs, flrd the
orgons v~re implanted into the chest. One of the dogs uith tvo hearts livtl
for 10 veeka; another for 6 veeks; the ma3erity of dogs uith t3o hearts lived
far. 5-10 days, After complete replac^+nent of the h,:art an3 lunge, tda daga
lived Por 16 hr. Zn the last tuo experiments, Gudov'e suturing apparatus uga
used, vith promising results.
"Problem of the Transplantation of Kidneys," Prof i,. p, Rikhter, pp 3'-37
'With the mid of Gudov'e suturing apparatus, the auth~ of this paper ita-
gather Stith tY. P. PP+,rova; successfully transplanted kidneys iota doge' necks,
connecting them t..'th the exterior ,~ugulnr vein. The trennp].anted kidney
functioned noxallly '.n each case, despite the,preoence of the second kidney,
At the timz when the report vas presented, one of tae doge operated on in this
manner had lived for 5 months and the other far 31/2 months. rxploretcry
operations on dead hutasnr bodies are being cat2led cut vi.th the viev of t.ana-
plnnting kidneys into live human patients.
Mactssion, pp 37-qg
A. P. Lapchinakiy: After transplantation of legs; the rata operated on
in this manner lived until completion of their natural span oY lifE (i.e.;
longer thou P years,) In experiments carried cut vith Lr Lereberg, rabbits
vere immunized vith human tissues. On iamunization with same definite ittmmn
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ti_aue, u rabbi'.: yielded "+: agglutin?tion rAartior .?.ich c;as ;ual.iietively
the ague ir, ai] CROe~ but differed guantit?tively ,+n regard to th^ strength
o: titer) wtth different hunsn aub7ecta. This inaicatsa +.hat humsn bei.ugs
ere not alike with regard to tissue properties and immunologic?1 properties
but Exhibit tissue spociiiciry. in orner words, there are tiosuc groups jui:i;
a'a there ere bleed groups: this circumstance gust be taken into conaiderai;ion
in carrying out hcmopla:ttic tranaFlantatior, of args.ns.
P~^ofessor B. V. Ognev: V. P. Demikhcv shou]d pay ;cu-re a.t.cention to
pathologa-anatomical investigation of heart tissue at various tir..es after
transplantation of ?he heart. Ee assuc:ea that there is regeneration oY nerves
and restoration of n=rye connection of the heart, but ev'_deno~ cbtaincd in
autcraiea ai hIs dcgc gives no reason for believing this. Oparutio:sl i:ech-
nique is not a17. that matters: oenaibilication or decensibili.r3ito^ of pre-
te,na is aP iwportarce, too.
V. P. Demikhov: The existence oY tissue specificity ie undeniable, bus
there i~ no indication that St hen any effect on organ trarsnLntation. Rnri
(1841f-9'j) united embryos of frogs with those of toads and obtai.red animals
which were half frog, half toad, despite tissue specificity. In our labora-
td y, bot]n kidneys cf a dog were replaced with ;;idneye taken from another dog.
The new kidneys fu xtioned normally, The animal died withir. 3 weeks, 1?rt
death was oat due to Rn}' bialogicsl cause. Aa a result of displu::epcut rf t,a
k1c?neya, folding ov.,:r of ~w :sin, tea:; place, and there was venous stagnation
in the kidneys. This conditioli led to 3eath.
P. F. 7,drodov w-sy, F~ct.i:a idember, Academy of tar~Y.'.: ai 3:lence U53R: fta
for as incompatibility of proteins is concerned, es?tucc. sot ;'civet tha*:
b'_orxl, after being withdrawn from the body with a cyrin3e, ar n leidney,.after
3t sea been exposed to the sir and cooled, become %N'Sgeuicali~ heterogenous
with respect to the organism from w>ach the, orj;~?date. ;'his is due to de-
naturation of proteins and other changes.
P. N. Mazayev: Demikhov shoul3 be reminded of the pracesaas o: sesarp-
tion which take plebe after transplantations. I pointed out repeatedly t'^at
the.uae of collodion tubes for connecting blood vessels in se~dkhev's cx-
perimeata iuterferFa with nutrition vase vasorum at the site of the autet;e.
Use of Gudov'e suturing Device will improve matters i.n this respect.
Professor A. A. Viahnevskiy: In reviewing the preceding dia::usbior,, one
may mention that B. V. Ognev vas t::e first in the ULSR to transplant tine heart
of awarm-blooded animal. He did this by connecting the heart to the femoral
artery and the Femoral, vein. V. P. Demikhov was the firni investigatoY in the?
world to transplant L$e heart of n rarm_blooded enimai into the chest cavity.
biazayev and Chepov achieved results that P.re worthy of attention by transplant-
ing the Iegs of dogs. These results are excellxnt: the doge are perfectly
normal and he;:.lthy after the operation.
DRUG-INDUCED PROTECTIVE INHIAITION ACCORDING ^!U I. P. PAVi.OV
"Sleep Therapy in the Surgical Clinic," A. S. IOrernsa, pp 44-51
In developing the mett,,u of sleep therapy at the su:?gical clinic, we
abandoned narca:.lc 61oap ga applied in psychiatric treatments, because the
toxic effect is too great; we else re~~cted Professor Asratyan's complex
sleep-err lacing liquid because of the complicated manner of its application.
We use barbamyl, sodium amital, and nembutll in minimal but sufficiently
effective doses to produce 20 hr of sleep during 24 hr far continuous periods
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o~ 1~-S hr. For the treat;^f nL oz" acute in~'smmatory processes, burns, end con-
^"a''"nom af-@ hr~:teier, af' t`e. brain, 2-G dayo of sleep are usod; for c'nroaic in-
Plar.;~ntary procesues (troa?+ic ,J Hers of extremit.es), le-1> says; and.:or ui-
cere, of t,1e stvew.cr ano f..h* duodenua, 15-?_C days,
R",u~i'rpsulr.a rare g,va to -~i .. ~ cuudi?iona mentlone?: ~d resexbled
these arp~,cved by aPPlYing -^?? Y'. Vishnevnkiy'a novocain block. 2t?,? ?;;~oritj.
oi' c~tinrts trested for ulcerti; of the legs hr-d hcd these niters for 2-20
years. J:rti1 nox, *reatment of acute inflnm?,.atory conditions ?aith therap~~..
tic e:lee:p was regarded as contrairlics`w. ;:2yrapcutic sleep aa3 also fouricl
bensficia_ -;,a promoting ueaiin;; :s=.~ ureventing shock after >^.n,~or cia?gicnl
operiztiona of the stnmach, ].ungo, or esophagus. ETuile the hrain cortex in in-
uibited during therapeuti?: a.teep, tbu rctivity oY the subcortical region,
n?3rti"'.tl.zsly its b;fpothalauic prui, which contain3 higher vegetative centers,
~. ; reisascti. There higher vegetative rcni_.n,?e ??hich '
are rreeunsbly atitaulate3 b the small ' '~"`~ 'a'~~'ic :unctiena,
y 3uantitiea of hypnotics eiLminiat_re3
by ua.
"Eff,~et of Protective Inhibition cn the Proceasee of Infectlnn anr7 S~unity ^
I. Fa. uchitel', pp 51-v0
During tmintorrupted sleep coat:.nuin~i for 3 dsrs, the dcvolop:~ent of
en~`it^,-1r 1--ulli':.y ^~.inct tete~u:, 1:; slowed dc;uu is esperimentrl animals,
After termination of the nleep, the intensity of the production oY antitoxin
is fully reetcred. Prolonged, uninterrupted sleep inhibi.ta the coursc of
allergic processes. Ih?ag-produced sleep inhibits, but does not eliminate, the
vascular reaction bro,ight abc:", by the latauluction o? ocarlet fewer toxin.
?r?lorged, drug produced sleep, in the ustaa,jority of caseL, prevents the de-
v:~lopment of necrotic t.asue afflictions which are induced by specific ir-
ritants (diphthErl.a or staphylococcus tcxio; culttua of staphylococci), as
well as noaspact4t.c irr5~snts (turpentine).
^S?'('ec.+,r, pf Rc surain Dlui:I: end Untg_Induced Sleep on the Permeability of
~a;;l3rries in InfiemTM.;,tS.an,? K. F. Dggayevc, S. I. Itkin, Pp ~'~
Experiments carried out by measuring diffusion di Trypan blue nut of the
capille+aies of a rabbit's ear shoe that the reduced permeability of capil-
laries in inflaamsatory processes is restored in an egos]; meastae by a novo-
cnin block ar nembutal-produced therapeutic Bleep. A novocain block acts on
the sympathetic nervous systea: when the upper cervical sympathetic gang-
liga has bee_ removed, application of novocaiu has no effect whatev!+r in re-
storing thr: permeability of capillaries. The eituetion is different witia
respect to therapeutic sleep: removal of the upper cervical sympathetic
genglioa does not necesearilg prevent its effect in restoring pA.rs sbility
of capillaries, because additional factors _:Yecting the oentrpl no,-v;;,:s ?ys_
tam are involved in its attics. The significance of the central ne:vens
syrote~m in the formation of edemas tray shove by A. A, ffiahnevekiy and Aatapov,
whose eaperimenta demonstrated the+, levisite does not produce edemas in de-
certbrgted animals.
Discussion, pp 6E-69
Professor R, N. Ryzhich: Apost-transfusion or colloidoclastic shock
never occtu-s when the snb~ect is in g state of sleep or narcosis. Tho cdl~-
loidoclastic theory of Trofessor Bogomolete is not con act, because protein
inconspatibi~ty end formation of toxic products are not the only factors vhich
mattes.-. Pathogenesis of the poet-transfusion shock is connected with en ex-
cessive irritatica of the nervous system: in a state oP sleep, such an
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COiIFIUEIr ~ 7AL
irritation of the cortex and aubcortical centers doe` not take place. One
?L+O++~~1 ^--'?':"y Cut tr :TGiueivi~o Oi LlOUi Of S'Y~1a n+1_Cr -
~vc~ido CZ anL;?.11 to cx-
narira_k.~'f .~._?_~ _ ~~ ;tn:.pF1.rC T,n21r r?aCtiOAE 111 a 6:ate Of oleap and d Matt
oz wakefulness.
H. I. ?'olgina: Since P.uguat 1949, 'Ixeatment of burLS with therapeutic
sleep; according to n proposal n;ade by A. A. Vichnevakoy, has been ceWr.?ied out.
'Lhe effect o: the central nervous a;stec~ an clinical c~nifestations of bums
is p'.?m-en by the possibility of production a reaction to burns c:ith the aid of
hype.^sio. 'L>?rebin an' RScystzskh de?nonatratcd that cn inflication of a burn
under narccais, a leuic..~yi,ciry rar~tion deco n ? tak,:: plane. while lccnl re-
c:cti.ns sas weakly e:.pre~~ced. Gallon, on inFlicting burns to cat:: which F~ere
u:3er ether-c7_larofoz~ nfC4..Otsin, also did nob obtain any leukocytnry reaction.
Them tact:; prG~~ t..at ti:L nrain car~ex exerts an effect o~ the deceiopman+
and c7??s> of r~~~cticn^ Sue to this cause.
Prefesaor Aeratyan published .its on the effect of antishock liquid in
borne: he uas able to prclorg Che life of Edpsimantal aaim37s by this ciethod.
He also used curtishoc$ liquid successfully in clinical cases, Professor IIykhno
repcrrte3 successful treatment of shock due to burns with a modified Aaratyan
antishock liquid Profesear TOpchibashev proposed ether-oil narcosis as a
means of bringing out of the shock condition patients suffering SYOm bursa. In
the ?tre9trae:nt of aftereffects of burns, sore clinical :orkers use nru'cotics
Mans c!? in cc:s'siraticu ::ith a 1a3g1leaiuu7-e't]fute solution, tc l;ring patients
out of the atatr: of shxk. At the Institute oY Surgery imeni A. V, Vishnev-
akiy, x~e had used aucceasfully for this purpose intermittent therapeutic
a1Pep produced by barba:gvl sad having n duration of 3-5 days. Application oP
therapeutic sleep in combination with V. Viahnevskiy's closed method of
treating burns will imgrove results obtained after evactuiflon of burne3
patients ands war conditions.
Professor A. A. Viahnevakiy: in regard to I. Ya. Vchitel's repart, one
may point out that sleep and narcosis are not the same thing. fiarcosia al-
ways interferes r:ith the activity of cells and reduces the reaiatance oY the
organism, while sleep strengthens the organism and improves the functioning
of .nerve cells. The difference between sleep and narcosis ie clearly seen in
immunological reactions: narroais suppresses immunobiological reactions,
while sleep reiaforcea them, As far. ss allergic reactions are concerned, the
offer.+,a of sleep and narcosis are similar: both sup~ess allergic reactions.
Therapeutic sleep will prove to be of importance to military medicine. In
the treatment of wounded, it will prevent secondary ahocK and 8.1~y infection,
more effectively so if supplemented by treatment with penicillin. Ia other
words, a-tificial stabilization of the cond3:aon of wounded for dsfini_tn
periods of time will be achievoi,
"Penicillin and Its ~fi'ect on the Course of Inflamm:tlou Processes,," Prof V.
Ya. Shlapoberaki.y, pp 70_75
In addition to its effects on bacteria, penicillin eaerta s dw4~nite ae-
tion on the macroargsaism. Application of this antibiotic in inflamaatioa
processes, particularly those which are caused by spenicillin-sensitive micro-
ilora, brings about u change in the course of the pathological prciceae which
is characterized by its localization, atrengthenin g of the healing pr~cesa,
reduction of the collateral edema, diminution of the toxic reaction, etc. Oae
crust bear in mind that when penicillin ie used, a change in the cbaraetsr of
the pathological process many be brought about which will tend to disguise thn
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i
existPncr_ of a condition reouiring ie:aediate surgical interference, tlhen the
disiposia ie doubtful, ,?uarticu7hu?ly in cease .~hn..., ___.~
~uPi~uL'azive condition of inres? or ~' _ - '`'`?` ~=''~4?'`icitia or s.
ci7lin th:xa gnus is a;aagecL~,d,cone should withhold g~ai-
F+5 u:.til ea exact diagnosis has boor. made. Penici711n moat be
e,dministered under careful observation of the cour;~e oP "the dieeasc by the
phya icien .
"I:~raocain-Fcnicil.lin Block is the Thera_ry of Acute; lnfl,~m.stioa ]~?ocea.^,es,"
Ye. C. Enrr~enko, PP 75-8?_
;tovcczn not ~>nly da_s not lr,?,;e;r the bacterloatatic effect of pe;~icillin
but, on the contrary, strengthens it area both arc applied. A 0.2j~ solution
of novocain prolongs the period. dtu?ing ?frhich penicillin ro5;~,tns ir, thN b7.ocd.
Pisapp~~rance of penicillin from peripheral blood occ~:x?a 1 .1/2 -2 hr earlier
i;hen ~'Yem blood nt the site where n~~vocain-penicillin have been in~:cte6.
Gti:en novoceir. is administered together with penicillin, a sr:~a71~r dose of
penicillin is r~yuired, Treatment of carbuncles with penicillin-novocain is
superior to all other methods of therapy, Oombinutl.on of penicillin with
novocain rep;eaents a unification eP pathogenetic and e'.iologicsl therapy.
As such, it ie an effective u.uthod for the treatment of acute suppurative
infl.0.amatory processes, which should find vide practical application.
'".i=carmen';; o,' Suppurative 1'endodaginites A. V. Vishnevekiy's lfethod," Prof
A. W. R;r~hikh, ?t. :ie. Zukerman, PP 82-86
Good r,esulte vets oStainea by avoiding surgical interference in teado??
vaginitte, tut instesd injecting penicillin into the sheath of the tendon or,
in cases accompanie3 by strong suppuration, a aeptically tonic conditions, and
Prcgz?eseive lympheagitis, by establishing a novocain-penicillin block.
"Treatment of Tuberenlvus Geni.i:r f,ro ;1,. :~, 'Viahnevakiy''s e~thcd," ffi, Y. Arahi-
nova, A. 2, lCrakoreki~ pp $~..:1
i?-u'cgical excision of the. i-fected pare oP bona, fii:ling r._;' thy: cavity
formal in this manner with an ant'septicnlly arti:.g c'_l, And :yprlic,:i.cn of s
6'YP$~+ bands:;-, c~erc forr_d to be of ad.vsatx~ge in Lrzating t~.berculous ~: siL?.a
of the twee. Sa this method of treatment, the aril pramoea drainsg=.
"BtmVnLa and, Their Treatment by A. V. Vtl;h,~evskiy'e DlEthsd," G, D. Vilyavin, A.
Ya. t~?=9hCl22yTiy ~? lr? Ull4ulV YO, v? ~? Y1lf'~PT}r/,~~b PP 11-77
According to A, V. Vishnevskiy, treatment of burns is carried out in the
fo7loving meaner; first, chock is ^ombated by novocain blocks, keeping the
patient srv~m, adminiatrati.oa of cardiac stimulants sad morphice, and traaef+:-
sion of blood or plasma, The stein surrounding the burn 's washed with alcohdl
ear ether, large blisters are cut, sad the surface of the btn:?n is rinsed with
a pt{ysiological ;inlt solo+.ion. Then, onP layer of gauze moistened is a paai-
cillin solution aa; two layers of gauze coated with Vishneva'xiy's oil-baleen
aalv~ are. applied to the burn, ]:f there is no eheck,'the patient is given a
bath in a dilute potassium permanganate solution. He is place.] is a teat,
the inside of which ie kept warm by meas? oY electric lights. To ca~mbat tonic
conditions, one applies subcutaneous sad rectal ndmiaistration of a physio_
logical salt solution and o. glucose, blood tx?anefusions,-and cardiac etimu-
lnnte. Aa apgrotu?iato diet and vitsmine are prescribed. Tn third-detg?ee '
btiu?as, traasplantatioa of akin 47.apo is carried out. This method of treatment
Brae found to be successful; it promotes healing, prevents shock, and elimi-
ar+tes pain. The novocain block, by acting on the nervous system =ad the
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vaacyler toLU..? F^_?ev~nto cr reduces the devclopmant of ede;za and pla,_~orrhea.
In consequence of this, thickening of the blood is reduced, anti otBer 'bio-
ch2micn? chr..n;~ea ?rc prevented.. In fhlyd-de
moms, of necroti_?Fd ++ ;n?,wy '- gi?ee 'borne, detachment _a r_
~o capcdite~,
'4Sorphologica.i Changes of Graaiil.atione in the treatment of Bin?ns by A. V. Vish-
nevskly'a Method," b1. I. Razu-W~v, M. G. Knanin, PP 99-1;J.
Tl.e trsatrisnt of burnt according to Viahnevokiy, with oil-balaum baude~;a,
comp3etely cocering the in,]ury and being chsngea every 'T-y 3eya, prescrvee in
a natual state of protein substrate nn the surface of the wmu~d, thus creat-
ing suitubl.P conditions for ~?os,?th of crannlation tissue from the bland ves-
sels being l?C.gtOPed in the tiround and, subaequontly, for restoration oP the
aL?ir.. In the d.am,~ed tissues, after the nee_obized sections have been e1L~i-
natcd, dr~,35ed bloat weasels, lumps of connective tissue, and fatty cellular
tissue in a state of nerrobio:,ia ors found to remain.
iZecrobiotic tissues are incapable of normal regeneration. Epitheliza-
tion of +,he sarrace of the buz?n depends on the developmc~t during granula-
tion of mlements o? the fibroblastic t;;i.r, aa~ LL.C~.r ripening, vni?~n results
in the psrsplastic proliferati.on.oP collagen. Prolonged delay in epitheliza-
tion is @ue to a aeviation i:~ the regeneration of a mesenchys~al elem~ntr {:e-
?'~*.d fcr,~~iion o? plncmalc elcment3 an~ ~*veleid tiaevc. S-~opp~~ e= {.'1~ d.
v:;lo;i;~enc of mesenchymal elements at the stage of formation oP arb;rophilic
fibers does not create conditions favorable to fixation of cutsneous epithe-
lium on granulations. Cutaneous epithelium as such hoe an exceptional rapa-
city _^or proli.phsx?etion and for movement from the edges oP the vo?,:nd onto ?
the 3ravulsti.ng aurface,_sa cell ae for formation, by seeding of sections
removed from the sages of the wound, provided that in the course of granu-
Istion, regeneration of the connective atro~na, i.e., collagen Yibera, has
taken place. Histological investigation of the state of granulation 3uriag
the periu] oY treatment, according to A. V. Viahnevakiy, demenst?.?ates that
there Ss a goaaibility of influencing the processes of differentiation oP.
m~senchymal elements in such s manner that initiation of the necessary fibra-
blastlc proliferation is stimulated.
"Fumctional Changes of 16o-rveo in the Zane r: the Focus of Inflss~nstion," L. 17.
Vlasova, Cand Med Sci;, 11r S. P. Protopopov, pp L1-119
The inflammation process develops against s background of sharp changes
is ::~~ rua~:ioaiag of peripheral elements of the vegetative and sanatic nervosa
system, These .,hangea eta characterized by the presence of s zone of suppres-
sion of nrrve elen-nta at the focus of inflammation and a zone of irritation
tstaand this focus Functional disturbances of the nervous system often pass
beyond the region of the inflnm?ation infiltrate sad byperemie. They are often
aceampanled by repercueeion phenomena in the symmetric region. Rhea the in-
fYxum~iation has passed, s trace reaction often remains as a result of the
functional shif'ta in the nervous system. Thin trace reaction has a stable
aharact~ 1n chronic iuflanrmation processes. The changes indicated may be the
basis far the pathogenesis of slowly healing wounds an3 the rccur.ence of iil.-
csrs. 0?r data give4 resaona for the belief that functional transitions in
the nervous system, is case of infls~eation, are oP a parabiotic type, eith
characteristic alteration of phases.
A navocain black, being n weak irritant of the nervous system, tunes up
and normalizes the nervous systm'a functional condition at the focus of in-
flammation. It weakens the degree of irritation and in this manner contr`.butes
to bringing sharply depoeaeed ner're elements out of the paratiotic state,
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Rational therapy oY trophic dlaturbsncaa of the n~rvoua system in inflamru-
tion should a~^ bagea on equalization o: functlonD of na.--. a_ o_i~_m~.,+e ....,. ,.,,_._
_,., ..
nat9nn pe t~c e.".'6d~,~ or inxlassaiion of s? r er - ... yy
6 Y (neurotomy cr s~m,pcthectomy).
>3iecusaiap, Pen 1i9---'~}?
Docent V. AI. paipovskiy: Infra-arterlal in,jectioas of DulfaniLimidea were
fairly erteneively applied in the treatment of kounded rlurin~ 41or1d filar II
(T?`~'tyrov, Sha hbuzynn, Ocipovskiy, Lavrov's Clinicj, ao well as iu peacetira
(Konstsntincva, Ivanen'so, and others). In pcstwar yaarc, ve ac,~,;,ulated at
'the ifezan' C).i~~ic of Fist Aid Szngcry a conaiderali'_e amount oP data on the
treatment oP supp,u?ative-inflatna?iory cowolicaticns of brain in3uriea and of
trauaaa of eatrenitiea with antra-arterial infections of penicillin. A eexic- y
dz?eat,ack of iciuWrznous sc~niniatration is the fact that the drug in ca*_+aiae,._
ably dal+~ted bofcre it ~cac:hes the site of the injury through tl.e emery and
caps?.Iariea, Thin dilution is avoided by infra-arterial infection. The safety
oP carrying out arterial punctetiena has been demonstrated experimentally and
hiotologicelly by Ivancv and Kavanov, Vlsaov and Deyanov, Borahteyn-Boyerakiy,
etc. In three cases of acute peritonitis, as a last resort, ve infect peni-
cillin into the left ventricle of the heart, according to Kovanov. The terh-
niave o? t'~ie _pplication io staple, but the method cannot be generally used.
In leritonitis, befOTP, surgery, it hsa been proves, effective to infect peni-
cillin in~o the ?bdomiaal aorta, above the site of in~u~,.
Y'e. P. Stepanyane At the laborntory of the Institute of Surgery imeni A.
V. yishnevskly, ve found that penicillin exerts an antitoxic effect. P,y very
clear experiments carried out in vitro and !.n vivo on mice and rabbits, ve
proved by the striction method that s chemical reactieu between the toxic and
penicillin takes place in the presence of a cAt~ystfound by us. As a result
of the chemical reaction, a neutral aubatanca is formed which, on administra-
tion to mice or rabbits, preserves their liven. :Ct is gratiPyi.ng that Pro-
fessar I. G. Rufanov and Professor V. ya. Shlapoberskiy ~onfirmad the anti-
toxic action of penicillin. We established that even a lethal dose of sta-
phylococcus toxin requires only a minimal quantity of penicillin for 3etozi-
ficatlon in the presence of cur catalyst.
S. P. Proiopopov. In regard to the paper presented by L. R. Vl~ova~ I
should like to remark in connection with our investigationc twat in cases of
inflarsrmytiona, di.sturbaaces oP the function of nerve elemEnts occur in the
whole organism rather than at the focus of lnflarmnation only, 4'his confirms
A. V. Vishnevskiy's viewpoint, who regarded :-flemmation e7 a dystrophy. Pro-
tection of the nervous system, substitution oP s strong with a xeak irritatian,
an3 restoration of normal functions of the nervous system are in accordance
with '?.hia vi~vpoint. Viahncvakiy'a met'uais o_* tree':a.tct hr,~ one purpose of
protecting the arsrous system and restaring its normal functions. 'rude sur-
gical interferences era incompatible with this attitude.
G. D. Viiy~vin; 48 has bean already emphasized by Professes Yu. yx.
Dz3anelidze, treatment of borne also presents a complicated problem ircm the
organizational viewpoint. '14?eatmant of victims of borne, on cccasiona vhea
a great number of 'people are affected, should be carried out at specially
organized dPpnr~,ents of medical insti'~.utiens or spacial hospitals. Ia this
reap^at, a special department organized at the Institute of First Aid Surgery
st LEningrad moat be regarded m ea ideal eolution of the problem, We Tn-
etitnte of Surgery imeni A. V. VishaevskiyT7 are also moving in this direction,
having organized a yard tea? the treatment of borne, eoneieting of 20 beds, bnt
many Moscow medical institutions treat burn victims without segregating then
in spacial wards, More attention should be paid to the nrgnnizatioa of special-
ized, extensi*,~e departments for this gurpose.
_ g _
C021PIipi,
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gor ?et~auring the extent of burn, Postnihov'o cotho3 is tho beet. IIoa-
e;vrx, hio ?athod daos not avalunto the deaee ai in~u~y; ~h1n problems hao
b. ,n aoived by our color echc~ae tar the pracico dnnl3nation of b`,sae.
A. V. Grigor'gaa: For datern;l,y,lug the degree of toaicoein in vcriono
our~31co1 dioesons~ wo era aping the atsiction csthod proposed by ProPeeao:
l'eirunev et al. in lq~:l. This crthoG uerraito det.rminatioa of eiaisr2l quaa-
titlea oP toaia (o: the order of 10-8 - 10-12) is apinti].:,.lruid, blood, nn3
othrr bi~lur~2ca1 se~sie,,, Iy .iu o~ca on tho Pact th?;t bactE;r?el tozina deotray
the pratoplc~s a! aurvlving auacla tianuo of verinv- mr+~-+_ _ __
4,1oa of protopl.aaa brings about a ch:Lngo of thr, total volv~~ cY-tL?oMtiooua,
eu_d th1c~ chango can be ea~aured by a v~y precioa phgolcoche?~ical d4late-ctrlc
~?L?hod. Tho offset of ganicillin rand v:u^loua etY_~ therapeutic r~on~to on
togezi.a cca bu daterrained with the siii of tho atrictien ecthed. The find?n~
tint penicillin cacstc en .~,,,itouie 6:t:4,iw io ae-a.
A. P, Urrrova: Our clinic (vhich ics directed by Profooacr T. G. Rsfenov)
began to uno genlcillin in 19+3 2nd has alc~nyn uoed onlq U~3R penicillin.
~haing Weld War II, Acadeaician d. A, fia^denko proposed iutrn-aa?te.iol in-
~eCLiOn OY pe3nicil.in. Oil clinic has developed thio Wotrod. '1~'.'J CiiniC in
carrying nut eyatemStie srm_.h ca :athede; for prolonging the ectiaa of paai-
cillin. Theao aethads include Sn~octioa cf eaici111~a tasother with blood
and iu,ection of ganicillin dissolved in a 1~ pyrez3ldon solution.
Prof~saor ~'. Ta. Shlapoberekiy; I helve eor3e doubts an the treatment oP
poritonitie by 1n~acrinE nmalcillia :into the: abdoainal aoGta, ae suggeatod
Dy Prc~essor +'JCipunbkly. Under the eizct~etancea, tho effect of the aat1-
biotic vrill be predominz'ntly osert~d !.n the legs. Puncture et the aa,rta,
particularlq dhen it eko~a~ atheraaatoue rh~.,gee, in not ante. Introduction
Pf penicillin Sato the es~aP'Ga xW,.].1 not bring about doteaification of the pan: it-
oa~, chile ordiaery.asthodo of applying penicillin do. achieve this aim,
IImta obtained .at Hutmtnov'a clinic indicates that penicll:Lin has no ettert on
the coegulabioa of blond: our data iadicatos the coatreuy, ee fer as pationta
having n high degree at to:cicity airs concerned. I am of the opluioa that
chile penicillin doaa not influence s noa~i aecroorgcuiem, it has a distinct
offoct oa it v.~an ?_?ais orgeniem in pnthologlce,lly cheanged. Oic hleLCSlogieal
data bear this e~nt.
me fact that novoccsin reinforces the a:ctioa of penicillin oac~ to bo
coll. pub?tantlated. A? far as methods for establishing penicillin dopot? e',re
coacornod, they all puffer from the dratlhezc}i that uaifuria resx~ptioa, i.e., a
unifos~at concentration of 'the eatibiotic in the blood during the :imp that the
depot is active, caaaot bo ayc'hievsd, '
"Clinicopbyelological Iaveetigotiono,? Aced K. ~6. Hykov, pp 1~2-137
The concept of norviam otronglp appealed to A. V. Viabnevskiy. In da-
voloping pad applyS~:g the method of the aovocain block, Viehaoesk~y not only
mttanpto8 to bring about aneethoeia, ho regetrdesd the novocain block em c maano
of iaYlueaciag the course of th? pathciogieal process. A aexr wshr9ol of modi-
eiae originated with Viehar;nkiys physicians bocee"a clinical phgai~lr~gisto,
os rYtbor, clinlcel pathophysinlogiste. At pa~aeoat, medicine mast tinall, '
tkba itealt of localism and emphuiso the unity of the orgemita functionlag
as a whole uadms the control of the nervous system. Abroad, they also talk
about uaitT, hat actually mopan by it psychosomatic parallelies. !'or coa-
etrnotia? daralopmeat of the idea o! amity, s bzckgramd of xsateri.s3.istlc
pkyeiology ie needed. We hav0 t'6ie background ia?our biology sad ptgyaiologF,
but,ther 7.ack it abc~oeae. Michuria'e teaching started vith general ooaoap2o
bat 1M to Lho poseibt7.ity of directing biological piwceseor into pmedoterainod
chsnaole. It ie true-that beeausee of differences fa speed, this cps ha
COEFID~9T7RL
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etcccszpllahe3 more easily in the case oY plants or urimitivc nniz7.~cl.a. Tn hu-
rra beluga, the'procesaes in n,~aatiC_ prcccc-3 at ?i; ~musua:iiy rant race and
acre ntreugthened by impulses originssting in the brain. SuYgery has reached
a blgh aegree of perfection; but it should not be understood as s atetha] only.
There moat be the right idea behind it. This is where pl~{siolc~ enters:
"Stet an organ lino been modified or transplanted by the Mont pzs?fect techai.cal
mothods, it moat function.
"On the Irrita+.ing nrd Dlocking Traasminaion of :tercc IIInulSes under the 2n-
ziueace of itovocr4n," :1. V, nirzon, 0. F. fiol'o, A. I~Y.. Taukermnn, pp 13'(-147
liovocaia esel?ta an irritating effect on interoreceptora. This is demon-
strated by vhe reflex etoppsge of the hart ~d rasp{?atcry ro ~mentu of u
1~?oL after n novocain solution has been applied ;:o various internal argans.
ilia irritation generated in this maaeer passes along afferent oaths of one
sympathetic and parasymatattic nervous system and spparentl.y reaches the aa~,c~
region of nervous cantata. After appl!,cation of novocain to the frog's meaen-
t:ry, vo=ieyb of afferent impulses along the ventral nerve are registered.
Fhe flow of impulses continues much longer than the reflex ?top;..;go of tuc
he-,x't. Sn the limits of the central nervous system, rapid 'adaptation to these
impulses taken place. However, this does not mean that `,he afferent impulses
re*~ain ineffective na P~s? nn c.,nges in the corresponding centers are con-
cgne3. Ii tae central nex?voua system of the animal (frog) is preserved, ap-
plication c? tovocain to a motor nerve o's oar side, in many cases, l:xiags
about changes is the excitability of the motor apparatus op the othe^ aide.
On the basis of the conditions of the experiment, cne may assume that
this phenomenon results from chan~rea taking place in the central nervous sys-
tem. According to oscillographic.data on the developmenti of the blocking
action oY novocain, the wave of excitation, on passing through the para-
biotir_ and nearest trananarabiotic regions, is transformed from a two-phase
to a single-plisse wavy, With increasing fraqueucy of impulses Ananias
through the region of the action of novocain, the process oY this transforms-,
tion is accelerated and may be trace9 within the range of 'the same series
of impulses. Tnc appearance and development of the single-phase character-
ietic must be geneticall;; related to the development of a stable ptu:?ebiotic
excitation, according to Vvedenskiy.
'$ffect of Ltnabar blocking With Wovocain en PeflP.xes E`?om Interoreceptors in
,lseptic In-?la>xmaticn, in Disturbances of Dlood Circulation 3n the Intestine,
ac:i as Reroval of Individual Links of the Sympathetic ftervous ftyatem;" i.. a,
Ilara2 R. f;, Vtnia ~i..._
~ _,rv, :. I. ropov'. Ye. C. Shur, gp i%w-ijw
novocain exerts not only a neurotomic but else an irritating effect,
bringing about st-engthening of reflexes from interoreceptors. The action of
novocain is different is normal, sad pathological conditions, 3epsnding on the
functioael condition of the aei-vous apparatus of the arganism, The novocain
block exerts the strongest effect oa reflexes from interoreceptore in the
iaf?amen region. When there are extensive in~urlea of the s~pathetic nervous
systems, the novocain block does got produce any Affect. d?hc exp~~?imental ma-
terial obtainel in this instance confirms A. V. Viehnevsl?iy's viev to the
effect that toe novocain black acts as a wean irritant on the nervous system,
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"The Effect of a 0.25p Solution of 14ovcccin on the Activity uY Choline Esterase
sad thn r^nta~t ~y ~-~;yi.i;!viine in tun u
T. V, f'ravdfch-NCmin9ha.,. x 1 PPS' Cervical 3ymnathetic Gaugllon,"
Y", 1P 55-162
6'hen blocking kith an 0.25 solution of novocain has been applied, the
activity of ciic7iice esterase in the upper cer-~ica1 sympathetic ganglion in-
cresaoa. A'a the driwo time, the con'aent oY acet,;~.choline In this ganglion do._
creases. A novae?ir. block of "the upper cervical ayepathetic ~nglion, by
activ~.tting cheline esterase, aroduces weakening of the contraction of n cat's
i;hird 2ye11fl when this contraction has been brought about by irritrting the
pregzinglion sympathetic atom with an Induction current. kaperlmerta on per-
lowexa or renovea cam letel- a-_Y= ~at-y ?~g!ion d.-::.:Caotx;.tcd tt:.-t n~ ,.,,c,-?
P y the effect of acetylcholine. Idovocriu lawers`-
the -ate of'flnw of the perfusate through the ,__r.lly'?ea cf the
'she results oti~rilnrd in this instance may be. used in partially exple.ining,
frog th= chemical standpoint, the mechanism of the action of acetylcholine
sa a wank iirita,it, in addition to that as a neurotumi.c agent. fovocain
counteracts; acetylcholine by activating Choline esterase.
`T'ne Effect of a 0.25;4 Solution of flovocNn on Vascular Reflexes in Hemo-
hetesotranofualon Shock," A. L. Komendanto?,a, pp 162-16J
U=3':g C~';c ~.nd uuge3 as experimental animals, the reactions to m3asive
doaec+ oP rabbit blood were studied by observing (1) reflex changes of the
levels of blond pressure and respiration an registered en a kymograph when
the barometric preaa!ae is the region of the carotid sinus yen rained or
lowered; (2) r~Ylexea from chemorereptora (sensitivity of acetylcholine)
of a ~ectioa of the ~;i intestine, yhic~i axes isolated as far as vascular
coaaectioas ~ e Concerned; and (3} the rata of blood cc~aigulaticn.
Results obtained by studying vascular reflexes to the intrcciuction of
heterogenaua blvd aarnred that small doses of this blxd, ;wich do not rnc-
duce clear changes in the blood pressvre, atimale.te carotid sinus reflesea
in response to aressure exerted on the carotid artery; that intr?ylucticn of
massive daeeF of heteroaenone bin*ri xeakena these reflcaes ~ ~wL-o3 them
disappear altog,thex; that restoration of these reflexes proceeds simultane-
ously with an increase in the level of blood pressure, alt??ough there is no
complete parallelism; ttat introduction of h?terogenoac blcwd into t`ae ves-
sels of ea isolated section of the aTS11 intestine brings about lowering of
'the aeaaitivity oP chemox?eceptoxs of this aectian to acetylcholine fca? j-10
min; and that introduction of heterogenoue blood into the genersl Circulation
prcducea low~,ing of the aenaitivity of chemorecentora of ea ieclatC3 section
of the fs~ inteati.ne to acetylcholine for 25-40~min.
These results lead to the conclusion that lowering of the sensitivity
of vascular reflexes due to the introduction of heterogenoua blood is due
bath to a direct'effect on peripheral receptors and (to a still greater
ertent) changes in the functional cou9itim of central nervous mech8aiama.
On introducing heterogenoua blood into the hip and applying a vsgoeympathetic
block with 0.25;6 aovocaia at the level of the lover cervical aympathr.+ic
ganglion, there was an insignificant increase of blond pressure whCn the
block was applied after the blood pressure had dropped below 40 mm Hg. gctir_
ever, the animal stilt prrishrd. Nith a blood prenaure sot lover than 60-?0
mm big, the novocain block produces a distinct inG ease in the blood.,prea~e,
fia~.vell fib Twgt~r,n+lnn n..a ..~a:i`--'--
eV.+=~+.u~yvf cmroLia ai..^.ue rerlexea. Severing
of the vagas~~pathetic nerve trunks et the semi level an3 under the same con-
ditions produces the sc ;: af;;e~to ae ii_e novocain block. '
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These effECts can also be :;roiL3ht about by cooling the vngoaympathetic
ironies kith water having ri tFmnaratnrn nP F_Ao (` and entabliah'.n? the. hln,-tr_
in obis ,na.,ter, In the vsgosympathetic block, the novocain exerts a neuro-
tomi.c effect: A lumbar novocain block applied to a healthy animal brings;
about as insignificant accolrs?ation in the rate of blood coagulation and
stimulation of carotid sinus reflevee dicing lj-2$'ciia. A lobar novocsin
clock applied sitar heterogenous blood is introduced daea no+, pz?orent dtath
of the sniria'1 if the bloo3 pressure'haa droppe3 below 40 LL^.i?g. Zf the
blond pressure hsc not droppe3 below 60-70 mm IIp, a lt-b~ block r;.i,acs t?+e
blond p,-esavre end nl:imu.',stes ce2otid aiuus reflexes resulting irom cc~pres-
sion of t'nQ c..rotid art:sy. At the sane tire, refle:,ea produced by increa.s-
ing Teess?.u?e in tizo ragioa of the carotid -sinus are veakered. Thio lrzaken-
in,?y centinves Yer 10?lj min, after which the reflexes arc ~cuauslly re-
storad ?to t,~~ initial ierel. Refloxes in response tc scety:i.choline PY?r.~
c).te-m ~ecepta.:n of ar, isolated section of the aszll intestin also drou in
lair-..salty (diming 15-c0 min). The data on the lumbar blccl: is sovelinat dif-
ficult to e-raluate, because it is impos3lble to eliminate the aeurotocsic
effect cf novocain after this substance has been in,jectc~d into the cellulsir
tissue in the vicinity of the kidney, For that reason, in a subsequent series
oP exptrinvents, novocain vas in,~ected into the anl.een rr _ iooz~.eor3 s--tiara
of t1e emsll intestine connected with the body of the experimental animal
(c cat) so'.~ly by means of serves. IIndtr the circumatancea, novocain could
erezt n n~;..'t*c reflcv action only, Tlhen this drug Nan introduce) into the
bloc) v::^.::.^,i~ cf the ur?gi3:o6 i.uolate3. iu this mann~?, accel.eraLicn Of the rate
of blood coagulation line produced for a period of 25-30 sin, cith a mastmup
5-7 min after udmini:~tr~,tion. Stimulatic:n of carotid sinus reflexes as a
resizl.t of compression of the caz?otid arterisa s??as also ubs?~:.?v;>d,
'Pa'thogenec+ia and Treatment oY Spontaneous Gangrene," V. A, Raueeatsnova,
3, 8, Zimovakays, N, T7. Rukin, Prof V. I. Pshenichnikov, pp 168-If34
6pantaneous gangrene is not a local affliction: it i.a accomp:mied b;
gene.~al dintiubsaces filuictional changes in blood vessels, which nc longer re-
spond to vasgiilatory irritstiana; des+auctive changes in th= bones of the
Seet; atrophy of the skin; falling of hair; infi.Fmmatory and d~generativa
changes in the ptz?ipheral, central, and vegetative nervous syatr n), and rtpre-
senta ageneral disease connected vi.th an abnormal condi.t~on of tor. ne:?voLs
and vascular s-,yateL.a, Spastic, atonic, and apzsticeatonic condition3 of blood
vessels of tht eye f-.ndue are typical foz? spontaneous gangrene, Thin disease
can be treatr:d to advantage by A. V. Viahnevskiy's meth~Kt, which involves a
bilateral ll~bar novocaln block and application of bapdagas covtrcd with
Viahnevekiy~s oil-balsas emulsion fY?om the tipu;,of the tcaa to the upper third
cf the thigh. These bandages are held in place bu one layer of a plaet~r-of-
Paris bandage and changed every 10-15 days.
"Alterations of Vascular Reactions, Basal Pnetaboliam, and Shin, Temperattre in
Patients Suffering From Obliteral:ing Eadarteritin on Treatment With A Sovocain
Block and Oil-Balsam Bandage," K. A. Sergtyevn, F. V. Spiridonova, pp 184-1q0
Patients sufferin;, from obliterating endarteritis exhibit reveu?atd vas-
cular reactions to hat sad cold stimuli, a low akin tc~perature, and pathologi-
cal thaz~satm~meetry,. Alterations of vascular reactions and basal metabolism
in these patients correspond to the clinically established forms bf tht
Ai-ua~??~ i - ..
~?, vtmo~ic, atonic, and mizeQ. Pdtient~e oho have the spastic
type of the disease and suffer from a prolonged form a4 it eabibit egastic vas-
cular reactions to ?temperature irritations, as well as a eharp,lorrering of
basal metabolism. Patients having the atonic form of the disease respond to
temperature irritations with vasodil.ation or show nn reactiaa whatsoever.
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 Sanitized Co A roved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700080187-5 ~"'
pY pp
retienta with the mixed Yorm of the dioaase exhibit reactions which are
tyi,ical for t'he individual pntient, but tnAse reactions occacionE+ll.y change.
The ]nst two groups mentioned show a normal 'rvel of bassi metabolism, '17eat-
ment with a novocain block and ail-balsam bandages levels cut vascular re-
actions, reatoreis thR basal mztabolism to normal, and increnaee the skin
Temperature. Reatpration of normal vaeculrsr reactions anti ilrcrease of the
skiu temperat-u'e after treataent take place faster in epnrttic than atonic cr
mixed cases, which fully confL7.is A. v, Vishnevskiy'a views on the auh,ject.
"Va_^.culs~- Reaction in Patients Suffering Pram Ulcers of the Stccach or Duo-
denu? rafter Treatment Flit'c a ivovocain Ploc," J. L. Neatscva pn 190-19Fi
On treatment with a lumbar bilateral novocain b1ocL, established by iu-
,)ccting novocain into bi,L'a isidney areas and applying nn oil-bala:sa baadase
to the abdomen, the cmplitude oP pulsating'oscillatlono in vascular reactions
increases and vascular spasms decrease; normal vascular reactions to t;mpera-
ture irritations ai.: restored; wave-shaped oscille;ions of va,~cular rescti.ons.
as recordPQ by a plethysmograph, ore eliminated. In this investigation, s
method of plethysmography perfec+,ed in K. M. Bykov's laboratory c~ris used.
"Problem of the Antihistamine EYfr_ct of Paraamitobenzoic Acid, a Product oY
ilovucain Nydrol,:eie," ye, P. Str_?nany~n, A. V. grid-gin, pp 190-~04
Using Tarueev'e stx lotion method for the determination of toxicity, it
was established that novocain exerto an antihistaminic (detoxifying) effect
only in the presence of blood serum. The seas applies to paragminobeuzoic
acid, Lhirh is formed as a result of hydrolysis o_? novocain. Blood aerm:.
stimulates the hydrolysis of novocain. Either novocain or paraAminobenzoic
acid reaoces in nitro the toxicity of the bloo3 of patients suffering Prom
burns. Fncubation cif paraaminobenzoic acid with histamice Parma a cumplc-,c
whi^h ie aM:e toxic to guinea pigs tnan histamine ita~lf. When a histamine
solution v.s incubated with blood serum alone, the resulting solution killed
guinea,piga, but incubation cf histod~ine, blood aer~, and parsaminobenzoic
acid resulted in n mixture which 31d not have a lethal effect. High loses
of pareaminoLenzoic acid increase the permeability cf capillaries and thus
hasten the death of gsinaa pigs tom histamine. The antihist~ric and anti-
toxic effect oY parear5luRbenzoic acid formed from novocain rs~lain.~ the ad-
vantages oP A. Y. Yiahnevskiy's local novocain anesthesia as compared with
general narcosis.
"Comparative Ch::racterization of Antlhistraaine Activity of Novocain an3
I'er'aaminobenzoic Actd," D. A. Almoyeva, pp 204-208
The introdcction by A. V. Viahnevakiy during World War II of the novo-
cain black es a method of ccmbatiag traumatic shock aLd other foroa of aho-k
st?sulated investigations on the physiological action of novoain; bath in the
U56R and abroad. We have previously established that novocain prevents ee-
perimentsl shock produced by the in,7ection of histamine into doge. In the
series of experiments varrie,i out at nreaent?, we foun3 that paraaTinobenzoi.c
acid ease-ts a similar antihistaminic effect. paranminobenzoic ncid derived
from novocain ie somewhat more effective than on administration by itself in
the form of a pure substance. Our elate eliminates the possibility that par9,-
aminobeazoic acid may enter into a chemicni reaction with histamine: its
action is undoubtedly that of a neurogenic e$eut exerting its effect on the
peripheral and central nervous system.
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Profesgo: pi, 8. Da'm achev; Crig;aally, A. V. Viohaevekiy end Academician
A? D. $paranakiy regard~C the novocain black ac a acre in+,erruptian of the
tr'snssission oY pain reflexes a'_onr~ nerve paths. Trey soon found, however,
that application of a sheath (fut].yar) novocaln block to one extremity exetts
as identical therapeutic efYec+, on the other extremity. In veterinary prac-
tice, harass suffering flan intestinal. obatraction frequently ba3 to be 61.lled?
1'rafeAec2 A? Titdrenin, xho workstl at a vexterinary polyclinic, derided 'to ap-
piy a covorain blocs LO aBP. of theca ha?ses. The horse xas saved by'thia
txeetaaent, ss x;;re many others in the fc+,:u~e. Pti.netY-six Pe=cast of h;,raas
auffeving Pram this condition have intestinal obatra