PRESENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PLANS FOR THE RED WILD GOOSE LAKE RESERVOIR AND HO-P'ING CANAL PROJECTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600260127-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 4, 2011
• Sequence Number: 127
• Publication Date: October 21, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION RESTRICT-"D RFS t R1CTU
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPOR
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS r..n- NO
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
China - Sinkiang
Economic - Irrigation
Ti-hua
THIY DOC.. A.T CONTA.IRI INTO[SATION AIIICTINI ITS NATIONAL D[I1I91
OF TXR URIT[0 STATIC WITHIN TN[ ^[ANIRI OF _IIIOIA.I ACT IS
V. A. C.. I: AND I[. AN AN[RDID. ITI CDANI[IISSION OR THE -N-A-1
0I ITS C.NTANTS IS ANY VA-1. TO AN UIUOTNOICSIE TRITON II LAO
NiDITlp YT LAW. I[INCOACTIOR OF THAI YORI II IROHIIhil6.
DATE OF
INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS IINEVALUATED INFORMATION
Sinkiang Water Conservation Engineering Corps of the Ministry of Water
Conservation and the Sinkiang Provincial Water Conservation Bureau.
PFESSHT DErBIAOPMEHT AND FUTURE PLAIDS
FOR THE RED WILD GOOSE :ASS RESERVOIR
AND
- G _An PROJECTS
['Tables are appended.-]
Ti-hua is confronted with en increasing food shortage because of an ex-
panding population and difficulties in obtaining staples f on elsewhere. To
overcome '_,his d11e?a, it is essential to increase the arable acreage of th'.fl
d?atriot by developing its irrigation projects.
If (properly regulated, there is a sufficient supply of water In the Urumohi
River to net the demand of the surrounding farmlands. The solution, therefore,
is to build a reservoir in the marshland area on the right side of the river,
and to utilize the natural terrain of Red Salt lake (Chiang-yen-oh'ih; Ueda
5985. 14620. 5986). In October 1946 the first step was taken to accomplish this
huge task. General Chang-Chih-shun dispatched into Ti-hua area experts from the
Sinkiang Provincial Water Conservation Bureau and from the Sinkiang Water Con-
servation Engineering Corps of the Water bonservation Department.
Subsequently, construction work on the Ho-p'ing (1263, 2899) Canal began
in Melrch 1947, with the plan to complete the project by late May of the same
year. This canal joins the reservoir with the new egrioaltural district in the
vicinity of Ch'ing-k'o-ta-hu (13095, 4924, 12052, 6362).
Construction work an the Red Wild Goose Lake; (Chiang-yen.?ch'ih; 5985,
12957, 59861 Reservoir /the name "Red Salt lake" we later changed to "Red Wild
Cocoa lake was started in July 1947 and by 9 May 1948 most of the work on the
loved sluice gate was completed. This made possible the storage of 18 million
cubic maters of water in the reservoir. Thus for he first time, in 1948,
water released from the reservoir to supply water co the aew irrigation district
near Ch'ing-k'o-to-hu, increasing the rice acreage to 5,000 mou (one mou is
STATE
ARMY
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one-sixth of an acre) and wheat and other cereal acreage to more than 10,000
mou. At the completion of the entire irrigation projects, this total acreage
will be Ivoreased to 20,000 man in rice, 40,000 mou in wheat, and 40,000 mou in
other cereal fields. The estimated yield per year of grain from this district
will then reach 250,000 shih shih (one shth ehih ie one hectoliter). This will
solve most of the food-shortage problems in nortl' ru Sinkiang.
Recently, however, construction work on this important irrigation project
had to be discontinued because of inflationary prices and sudden stoppage of
government grants. As it stands at present, there is no hope for fulfilling
the 11,449 -gram for inorear7!ng the agricultural acreage. Because of its
econowic importance, it is hoped that the government will renew the construction
grants so that the irrigation projects can be continued and completed at the
earliest date.
Until recently, most of the staples needed in Ti-hua were obtained from
I-ning district, which had been known as the "Storehouse of northern Sinkiang.'
However, the out!?reak of the 1-li Incident in 1944, and the contr_ual disturbances
since, dwindled food product'-on in he 1-zing district. Co;aeequently, Ti-hua
had to look elsewhere for !to food euptly. At present, the grain shortage has
been alleviated by bringing in grain from various osiens located west of Lun-t'ai
in southern Sinkiang, or from Ian-chcu in Kaneu Province over the eastern high-
way.
This method of procuring foodstuff is proving very unoatiefectory and ex-
pensive. Rxhorbitant prices must be paid for transporting the foodstuff over
long and poor transport routes. Besides, only a limited amount could be obtained
in this manner. It is also likely that the goyorn:asnt will be force. to abandon
grants allocated for such a transaction, if the inflationary trend continues.
To prepare for such an eventuality, it is essential to complete the irrigation
projects at the sarl_i,st date.
Tha first attempt to regulate the water supply in the Ti-hue area was made
in 1943. A reoar oir was constructed utilizing Red Salt lake. Because of the
extero"vo natura of this project, it bee ended in part fail::re. If additional
construction and repair work is ce:rled out, this reservoir could be made work-
able. Since the natural terrain surrounding the lake favors ouch a project,
the n w"^1rt.5 w raMw vi_11 hnnn."e nn nP the lnrjeet n_A its 'in_ii in the W, ih-
west. The reservoir will be capable of storing surplus water from the Urvmchi
River during autumn and winter and flood water during summer and winter. The
etai' Mischa - ou fivm ouch a rana'reoir would supply water to an area twice that
of the existing agricultural district.
The agricultural district user Ti-hua is not too fertile. Along Chien-te
Helen, 30 kilometers northwest of Ti-hue in Ch'ing-kc-ta-hu district, is a rich
tract of land. The flatness of its terrain makes this district Flitable both
for grazing and for raising of crops. Attempts were made in 1915 to develop
this rich arse. Spring water was used to make several thousand mou of barren
area productive. lecauae of lack of spring water, however, the district was not
developed completely. When the reservoir worl: is completed, the entire district
could be developed In full. The additional food-producing area will help make
Ti-hua e3lf-sufficient. It no longer will be necessary to obtain food el"-
where at exhorbitant priced. Savings on the transport coat alone will more than
pal For the entire ccuatrnction cost of the irrigation projects. Each mou in-
creeee egrin..lturatl land in Ti-h,_.n .i1strict in worth ch 15 - 20 ... Incroc;c
elaewhore. The completed irrigation projects will give many other tangible and
intangible benefits.
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In June 1946, the Water Conservation Bureau was established by the Sinkiang
Provincial Government to facilitate the Ti-hue, irrigation projects. Also in'
November of the same year, the Wa'cer Conservation Department of the Central
Government organized the Sinkiang Water Conservation Engineering Corps to work
jointly with the Bureau.
III. PHYSICAL FEAT' RS OF THE TI-HUA DISTRICT
Ti-hua is about 915 meters above sea level. The tempera-are in this vicinity
remains below zero for 4 - 5 months of the year., In February the temperature
average annual rainfall in this area is approximately 345 millimeters. The ma-
turity period for agricultural crops averages about 180 days,
The water sources of the Urumchi River are located iavu-k'o-ta-pan (6835,
568, 12052) of the Tien-abmu Moun}sins. The two valor water sources are located
is the following places.
1. For low-water discharge -- spring waters of eo'utheast Wu-la-psi (5835,
37.38, 4139), Shut-hei-kou (5952, 10820, 6404), Yin-kou (12862, 6404), send Pan-
oh'ane.kou (12052. 29QO. 540x1_
2. For flood-water discharge -- flood waters and melting snow of Fan-ho-
tzu (2897, 6045, 2n62) and southwestern Nan-ehan (1010, 2528).
Water from these eourcee seldom flows into the Urumchi River because it
percolates Into the ground before reaching the river, and also because of
obstruction from alluvial soil. At normal times, the northern tributary of the
Ursaohi River flows ofros! the confluence point of the two major water euuarcee into
Chiang-Shan-teui (5985, 2528, 1489) and p?rcolatae underground when it reaches
Ch'iem.La Nolen. This stream reappecre a$ve ground in the Z~m of ep:?i,~s in
lao-lung-ho (9250, 14P76, 6045), and helps irrigate tent, of thousand of 1 u of
rice paddles in Chien-te. Diming flood periods, however, the uortheru anG
sou*ern tributaries join the waters of the Po-k'o-to-span (1016, 568, 12052,
2528) and the Shui-ao-kou (5)52. 80.57. 6404) in the ii.starn ^sn4.. of the n1A
grazing ground. At such times, the total length of the river expands to more
than 100 kilometers; tae river basin, to about 401) square kilometers. Also,
the channel of the rive. broadens and dioa-'racs widely.
The flow of the Urumchi River is not conete;it. In the hilly, spur section
of the Chiang-ehan-teui, in the west of Ti-hua, the flow is apgalat-4 by''mouotain
passes and contours of the land. The Ti-hua--I-ning Highway'Tiridge is located
in this hilly sector. The soil in this sector is very alluvial. The river rune
down a steep slope which has a gradient of 1 to 2 percent.
C. Volume of Water in Urumohi River
The hydrological conditions of the mountains and valleys in Sinkiang are
very similar. The snow of the mountains freezes from October to April every
year. .The first warm days in May melt the snow on the mountains elopes, and,
as summer heat increases, the melting increases rapidly. Thus the streams begin
to rise in early marina and continue to rime as the heat ineh?ewawa_ !!e vt was__
reach their highest point. in July or August. This condition results in flood,
but it lasts only for a short time. From September on, the water starts to
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docrease. Occasionally, duraag this time of the year, rains cause floods in
River has been made since 1941, but the record is still incomplete. The low_
water discharge of this river is 5 cubic raters per'becond, while the flood-
water discharge reaches 200 cubic meters per second. The average low-water
discharge is 7 cubic meter per second,
D. Soil in the New and Old Irrigation Districts
Like many rivers peculiar to Sinkiang, the Urumchi River's rivulets have
a beginning but no and. That is, many of these rivulets disappear underground
from percolation. The narrow gorge of the Urumchi River is surrounded on three
sides by mountains. After running near the foothills of the Chiang-Shan-taus,
the river gradually enters an alluvial plain. Ti-hue is located in the uppor
reaches of the river. The soil in this vicinity is yellowish and composed mainly
of sand and gravel. This type of soil is very permeable. Wheat and been crops
grow fairly well in this type of soil. There is much barren land along, the foot-
hills of the mountain. Because of their steep inclines, it is difficult to
irrigate the mountains properly. If the irrigation projects are completed, the
rich flatland of Ch'ing-k'o-ta-ho will be suitable for grow+.ng rice, wheat, and
I
A. Now Irrigation District
The pru,jeoi,e new irrigation aistrict will include the area west of Chang-
shan-tzu (12698, 2528, 2262), east of T'ou-t'un-ho (13346, 2518, 6045o), north,
of the An-ping (2309, 2392) Canal, and south of X'ao-chia-hu (13940, 2349, 6362).
The total acreage of this district is approximately 200,000 mou. Because of its
favorable terrain feature and many springs, the eastern sector of the irrigation
district is suitable for rice fields. The low, western soetor of Huang-obul
(14692, 5952) and Ta'ao-tzu (5274, 2262) are suitable for rotation planting of
wheat end other cereal crops. The total arable acreage in the new irrigation
district is approximately 100,000 mou, which will be planted in 20.000 molt of
rice, 40,000 mou of wheat, and 40,000 mou of other cereal crops, (See) Tables 1
and 2,)
B. Water-Storage Plan
Tho ::.1? c, meter eu em,uaiiy to supply farms in the irrigation
district in estimated. as 40,660,000 cubic meters. Actually, 73,188,000 cubic
meters of water are needed, since estimated lose of water during trareit is
about 60 percent or the total water supplied, It is recessary to draw 63,088,000
cubic meters of water directly from the reservoir, not including the 20-day
period during the year when She flood water of the Urumchi River is drawn directly
by the Fo-p'ing Canal. Amin assuming that 20 percent of the reservoir water is
lost through evaporation and seepage, the reservoir must be stored with 75,688,000
cubic meters of water. Irma October to the end of March, when irrigation work
In halted, 60,900,000 cubic meters of low-water discharge could be stored. (See
Table 3.)
The oonetruoticn work at the irrigation district is divided into two
projects, the Red Wild Gocee lake Reservoir and the He)-p'ing Canal., The con-
struction work an the ed Wild Ooeee Take Reservoir is simpler because the resat.
Tvii 15 not eltuaYea uJr.q,c j on .he in stream of the UramC,hi River. There
is no fear of its being hikrrwasod by floods. However, because of the reservoir's
remoteness frae:'the supply area, there will be a shortage of constructions
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A. Red Wi)d Goose lake Reservoir
The terrain surrounding Red Salt lake is ideal for buiiAing a reservoir.
The northern, southern, and eastern sides of the lake are mountainous, while the
western side is open and flat. The western side, therefore, could be utilized
to construct a dam, thereby converting the lake into a storage reservoir. In.
orderto ;make the brackish water of tbis.lake sweet; huge volumes of fresh water
from the Urumchi River wore drawn into the lake this year (1948). The reservoir
pro3ect includes construction work on the feed canal, lover sluice gate, lover
discharge canal, earthen dam, upper sluice gate, and the upper discharge canal.
Details bf the construction work on these installations are as follows:
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notallowed. This work, however, must be substantial and such problems as the
silting-up of the sluice gate must we dealt with properly. Only a limited supply
of cement needed for the construction v-k can be secured from the Yao-chieh
Cement Plant in Ian-chou. This cement shortage can be alleviated by a cement
substitute made locally. Schemes for control of seepage and erosion should be
worked out on the Ro-p'ing Canal, which flows through an arid and hilly sector
of the Gobi. Desert, It would be ideal if the canal bed were lined with cement
mortar, but this is impossible at the present time. Some method of tightening
the canal bed to prevent seepage should be worked out until sufficient cement
could be obtained later.
1. freed Canal
Red wild Goose Lake Reservoir must depend on the feed canal to draf+
water frOM the II_eohi River. The intake-gate opening, will --be constructed at
the entrance point of Yen-erh-wo-baia (6991, 7043, 8326, 2601) on the right side
of the river. The 5,000-mater long feed canal reaches Red Wild Goose lake by
means of an open channel or flume whiob traverses along the mountain. The die-
oharge of the original construction was only 1.0 cubic meters per second. When
the expenoion work is completed, it is hoped that the discharge will be increased
to 10 cubic meters per second. About 30 meters o; the midsection of this canal
run along a precarious sector half way up the mountain. This sector of the feed
canes mast be strengthened with construction of high embankments from the
dredged soil of the canal. Bridges and flumes mast also be built in this .mi.dO.e
aaatlnn_ Aftwr aroanina the mountain ridge, the canal takes a sudden downward
dip toward the 'reservoir. in order to neutralize this sharp descent, conotrua-
tion,of drape is necessary. It has been discovered that if this- section is moved
evu+.uwksaocr v along long the lake at a goedient of .001 percent far- about 1,240 meters,
it can reach awidej thick, stone weir fray w)iicb water may fall into the lake,
thus avoiding erosion. With the exception of the first section, if the gradient
of the canal,bottan is made at about .001 percent, erosion as well as freezing
may be avoided. Inter, the volume of water will be increased and the current
velocity will become greater. If erosion is discovered, slates should be used
in pavir3 as a means of protection.
no first section of the feed canal, about 1,100 meters long, is cm-
structed in the river bed and is made entirely of pebbles, which results in a
large amount of seepage. To prevent this, it is necessary to line the bottom
of the canal with mortar. To eliminate an aceiatulation of sand and gravel
during flood periods, a sand gate is necessary. For protective purposes, drainage
embankments should be erected along the river.
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situated on the elope of the mountain. A wall is necessary to prevent snow from
covering the canal. later, when more money is available, it may be poseible to
abandon this section and change the line to reach the reservoir via underground
methoc s .
The original lower sluice gate is situated on a natural earthen dam on
the west side of the lake. It is of the folding fan type and is operated by
winding steel wires. It is easy for dirt and sand to silt up and obstruct the
opening. The original head is only 4 meters, and is already incapable of control.
Should the head increase, the dangers can hardly be imagined. It is imperative
that a thorough reconstruction be instituted.
After studying local materials, it was decided to use a more reliable
cylindrical. valve which can be manufactured locally. This valve will make possi-
ble the drawing of large quantities of water under a 20-meter head. Hnormous
water pressure will be used to open and close the valve.
The existing cutlet culvert is divided into two sections. The first
section passes through bade sf hard sandstone. It is a concrete conduit sur-
faced with 1,5 cubic meters of cement and is 1.1 meters high, 1.0 meter wide,
and 70 metero long. The oecond section of the culvert is a ladderlike wooden
conduit. It passes through beds of pebbly soil which has an alkaline content.,
it is therefore treated to prevent decay from chemical action. This second
section is 1.3 meters high, 1.25 meters wide at the top, 1.5 meters wide at the
bottom, and. 90 meters long. Eventually, the whole culvert will be made larger
and will be rebuilt with more permanent materials.
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3. Doerr Dienharge canal
The lover discharge canal is located near the II.rum-,hi River, approxi-
mately 3 kilometers from the reservoir. It to 3,200 kilometers long. It
traverses a steep slope. Originally it had a discharge of 0.5 rabic meter per
second. Its inclined drop and piers were destroyed. After the elate-lining
work in 1946, the discharge was increased to 4 cubic meters ptr second. This
discharge rate will be further increased to 10 cubic me'cera I.& second after
additional improvements are made.
4. ltarthen Storage Dea
There is a relatively low (about 996 motors high) natural earthen dim
the et de ..f Be wil r nu . rake Reaarvnlr _ Aaeardina to Plans, the
present ~head Vofthe reservoir will l's 1,005 meters highf, To prevent water from
going over the crest of the dam, 2 meters vi3.1 be added to the dam, marking the
standard height of the ace; 1,007 meters. The case of the P.a- is 6 n.-tar wide1
The water slope will be set for 1 to 3 and the surface will be paved with stone
blocks to prevent erosion from wave action. The outer slope will be set from
1 to 2 to 1 to 4. The base of the dam will be built with impervious materials.
The upstream half of the dam should be rendered impervious by using fine soil,
while the downstream half may be built with coaser earth. To prevent seepage,
the care wall should be built right up to the rocks. A drainage ditch of atone
blocks will be built in the downstream half of the dam. Crushed stones and
stone blocks will be used to p' test the base of the dam.
5. Upper Sluice Gate
About 500 meters east of the old sluice gate, directly north of the
lake- is s stove ridge, the top of which is 1,024 meters high. Along or follov ng
.
.. .tre - culvert -y be eestr '- - n+.eA bj boring timrmah t!Fi
precipice. The sivice gate will ba relatively secure inside the earthen
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embankment. 'Therefore, if an upper sluice gate is constructed here on a level
with the water head, the burden on the lover sluice gate will be reduced and
the security of the reservoir increased. The length of the culvert will be about'
150 meters. The maximum sluice discharge is more than 10 cubic meters per second.
The cylndrical culvert will be lined with concrete. The gradient of the culvert
will be 1/2F0 percent. At the entrance, a cut-off collar will be built to
regulate the flow of water. The rock content of the culvert exit makes possible
the use of a cylindrical gate.
6. Upper Discharge Canal
An open channel should be built below the culvert of the upper sluice
gate. The channel would be 1,800 Peters long and would connect with the old
discharge canal. This canal runs on a rather steep elope. To prevent erosion,
the canal will be lined throughout with slate. It Is estimated that the dis-
charge will be 10 cubic meters per second. The 550-meter-long first section will
be excavated to the irregular depth of 3 to 7 meters and will be relatively .
narrow. Besides this, the cress section of the canal will be paved with impervious
material. The gradient of the aection of the canal which rune midway along the
mountain will generally follow the natural contour of the ground. A wooden flume
will be built at 1 plus 760 Lie where the upper discharge canal must pass
through farm ditches. This and the construction of drop6 will be executed jointly..
B Ho-p'i-n~ Canal
1. large Flume Over the Urumehi River
I
A large flume, 200 metore long, will be built across the Urumohi River
connect..,; the outlet 3cint of thw GT an AA- nwn.l -i 6 +.!'e rein .. ...1 ..-. aU_
west bank of tho river. Temporarily, thisler,4e flume will be built of wood,
but iu?the f'unre it will be built over with cement. The foundations of the flume
on both sides of the river will he e,rsstructed with atone slabs.. The foundaticm
on the vest bank will also inclule a :onetru.ction of a drop. Piers to support
the flume will be set at 5-meter Intervals and will be huritJ 4 metara into the
cued, A stop will be take. to prevent erosica at this point. The river, in-
luding Its shores, is 700 meters wide here. The current of the river is very
swift during the flood periods; therefore, tidal and drainage embankments must
be built to regulate the cater flow and at the same time prevent widening of the
river channel. This embankment work is escential because the length of the
flume crossing at this point will be shorter than the width of the river and its
shores.
The stain canal will connect the lower end of the large flume. The
4-k1'ometer-long head-oaml_ section bill m elcngci",.; t;.; river in the praa 1-
tous sector half way up the mountain. From this point, the canal will extend
downward and enter the area behind the new distrl-t of T1-hua. Then the canal
will run in a northwesterly direction for 14 kilometers along the Ti-hIa--I-1~
Highway and will. reach Hei-ehan-t'ou. From llei-shan-t'ou the canal will take
a northerly direction from the highway and will pass through more than 10 kilo-
meters of Gobi Desert and 4 kilometers of pror?uctive sector of the An-ning Canal.
From there, the canal will finally empty into the irrigation district. The
total length of the main canal will be more than 31 kilometers.
The entire canal will be newly dredged except the 11-kilometer middle
section, which will be dredged later. This auction, which extends from the new
district of Ti-hue to Hei-ehan-t'ou, will make it poaaible .o utilize temporarily
the old Ching-yang Canal to facilitate the early flow of water through the main
cen?,1 into the irrigation district.
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and will be gradually reduced to 8 cubic motors in other sections until the end
section, where the discharge will become 1.5 to 3 cubic meters per second.
The gradient of the canal will be determined by the terrain features
and will range from 6/1,000 to 17/1,000 percent. The slopes of the canal will
be built 1 to 1.5 and the canal will be dredged so as to prevent seepage. The
dredged earth will be used to build up banks on both sides of the canal. One
of the banks will bE made wide e.icugb so that an automobile can be driven on top
for inspection of the canal. There will be 2 meters of space on both sides of
the canal between the canal's edge and the base of each bank. This space will
be used in case the canal needs to be expanded or when there is ai increase in
flood discharge. Trees will be planted along this apace.
The canal will be slate-lined to prevent erosion and to make the water
flow smoother and faster. Seepage will be farther controlled when gilt is
carried through the canal after the discharge of water. The silt will fill up
crevices and will make the canal tighter. Wben the cement supply is short, this
method will do a satisfactory mortaring job in holding the lined slates together.
Seepage is not so extensive in the last section of the main canal.
Therefore, the gradient at this section could be made at about 1/1,000 percent
and drops could be constructed to prevent erosion.
To increase the effectiveness of the irrigation work and to make maxi-
mum use of the water in the Urumchi River, the main canal should be capable of
drwwino flrhd water directly from tne river into the irrigation district. This
must be done at the setts time the feed canal draws water from the river (at the
rate of 10 cubic meters per second) into the reservoir for storage purpose. To
accomplish this work, the main canal must have a flood gate, sand gate, and check
gate between the tail end of the large flume and the main canal at the western
bank of the river. The flood gate will hLve a discharge or 10 cubic, meters per
second. The sand gate and check gate will be constructed at the lower end of
the flood gate. The sand gate will empty sand ar' silt from the canal bottom
into the Ur'amchi River. The check gate will control the amount of the clear water
coming into the canal.
A large diversion gate will be constructed at tho tail section of the
main canal. 1't will be located at the hikhest Doinc of the irrigation district.
This gate will dive::. water from the main canal into three distributing canals:
the eastern, the central, and t:e western. The gate will have three orifices
am-d the august of v_?.4as 4_.n hn r , int,3 Aiatributi- nn,, y11 be reanlrtoA Ay
the Raising and .awaring of the diversion guts. Eventually the gate will be
reconstructed so that it can be operated automatically.
The irrigation district elatts from south to north. The eastern distrib-
uting canal will traverse through Ch'ing-k'o-tahu district; the westAc distrib-
uting canal will extend into Huang-ehui and Ts'ac-tau districts; and the central
distributing canal will run into, the sterile district of Pa-tuan (594, 5792).
The 5-kilometer-long eastern distributing canal will, he dredged in comparatively
high ground along the southeastern sector of Ch'ing-k'o-tahu and will irrigate
rice paddies of this diat.rict. The head suction, of this -anal will be on a steep
slope with a gradient of 1/1,000 percent. Five drops will be constructed, here.
The other sectors of the ear era canal will have a aradi u- t of 3/'WOO rep-cent
a d.'will discharge 3 cubic meters per second. The 12-kilometer central distrib -
uting canal '.rill extend directly to Sao-Chia-hu and will be dredged on the
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eastern ridge of Pa-tuan. This canal will irrigate barren land east of Pa-tuan,
west of Lo-t'o-fang-tzu (13755, 13732, 3646. 2262), and west of Kao-Chia-hu.
The canal will pass through an extremely hilly sector at a gradient of 1/1p00
percent. Construction of several tens of drops will be necessary. Its dis-
charge rate will be 3 cubic meters per second. The 5-kilometer-long western
distributing banal will be dredged through fertile area of Pa-tuen and will irri-
gate farms in Huang-ehui and Ts'ao-tzu. The gradient of the canal will be
1/1,000 percent. The discharge rate will be 4 cubic meters per second.
When the main and distributing ranals pass through an irrigation district,
flumes are needed to cross over farm ditches. When ono canal intersects another
canal on the same level and it is not practicable to carry the first canal over
the second, one canal my be carried below grade In a siphon conduit or over the
other canal by means of a flume. Flumes will be, constructed of wood, while
siphon conduits wt'l be made of stones.
Sixteen drone will be constructed in the tail section of the wain canal.
Fach drop will l-c 2 toter, high.
8. Bridges
It is necessary to construct bridges over various canals in the irriga-
tion district. fli&iway bridges will be constructed of rock piers and wooden
girders. They will be surfaced with crushed stone and will have a loading capacity
of 7 metric tuns. Cart-road bridges will be of wooden piers and girders. They
will be surfaoei with crushed atone and will have a loading capacity of 3 mei;io
9. Diversion Cates for lateral Canals
Ea,h tail section of the distributing canal. will have diversion gate
to let out water into varic?s lateral carols: Wooden diversion gates similar
in otmetruction to the larg9 diversion State will be used temporarily.
lateral canals will branch out from distributing canals in the main
seotion of the irrigation district. Some lateral canals will be 10 lietere while
others will be 20 meters long. The discharge rate of each lateral canal will
be 1.5 cuLlc meters per second.
T,- --A to fsc_litete chs.' ized farming, ,he irrigation diet--i .t
will be divided into sense of rectangular blocks. Each block will be about
300 meters long and about 250 meters wide. Roads and canals will run alongside
each of these blocks. Farms will be developed within each of -these rectangular
blocks.
12. Drainage System
The water table beneath Ch'ing-k'o-ta-hu is high. Except for the
brackish sand banks, most of the barren area in the irrigation district could be
side arable. Floil could be made fertile if a proper drainage system is put in.
Since the irrigation district elopes downward, the drainage system will leach
the braokSsY.aeee from the soil.
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If irrigation is carried out too long in one spot, a rise in the water.
table is co be expected. It is therefore necessary to improve the land by running
drainage ditches throughout the district. The drainage system will include small,
lateral, and main ditches. The drainage water could be used either to irrigate
areas lacking spring water or to irrigate additional farming diutricts.
Workers needed for these irrigation projects include coolies, plasterers,
stone masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc. Military personnel, local Uighurs,
and Chinese may be employed as coolie labor.. It is difficult to obtain large-
scale military labor at present; consequently, the bulk of labor on these projects
will continue to come from civilians. Skilled labor is lacking; much of it iq
concentrated in Ti-hue, where there are many Chinese from the Northeast and
Shantung who have lived in the USSR for many years. Their technical skill is ex-
cellent, they have great endurance, and can do such work as masonry, plastering.
carpentry, concrete mixing, paving, and pitching.
>iaployment is easy during the winter months when all types of construction
work ceases and laborers are ille. At other time, when there are other large
construction projects also in progress in the vicinity, employment is difficult.
For this reason, root of labor goes up. If the work area is far from the city,
transportation expenses must be seemed. There are in Ti-hue an estimated 300
plasterers, 50 stone masons, 400 carpenters, 200 blacksmiths, and 600 other
skilled workers. If more coolie workers are needed, they could be hired from
There are no large factories in Ti-hue which manufacture construction
materi4le. In these inflationary times, it is most feasible to pay the workers
by piece work.
Thr, tools and facilities needed for the projects (except for simple toolu
and the workers' own tools) will be furnished by the government. Steam ohovele
could be hired for digging earth during winter and early spring freeze. Pile-
driving machines needed for constructing flumes could be made in Ti-hue. The
hammer will weigh 800 kilograms and will be operated by means of steel ropes.
The top of each pile will be covered with steel cape. The riverbed first should
be enlidified with pebbles before the piles are driven in.
u:ci:15 wautvi s?U Visa, : " caaaat pavsu i V - s-- ' w;,ya 5az=a uo:.oeoa~.T,
colt.rse!-etant facilities mustbe provided. Tools and tool sheds must be heated.
Stoves must be provided for warming sand; pebb]es, and gravel. Water must Is
heated with specially constructed water heaters. it in necessary t7 have suf-
ficient working space. The temperature should all-4a be maintained at a:ourd
15 degrees centigrade. According to an experiment tried in 1944, ?r vhirh cold-
resistant equipment was used, winter conditions were, at tiSee, better than other
seasons.
The materials needed for the projects ere: yellow sand and slate, which
can be obtained nearby; gravel from the Urumchi River; pebbles from crashed
rocks nearby; and stone slabs from an open quarry in T'ou-t'un-hr-eban 4C
kilometers away. camber, eepecial]y white pine, can be obtained from Nan-shan,
80 kilometers from Ti-hue. Cement, besides that obtained from the USSR 4 years
ago. can be obtained fro the Yao-chieh Cement Factory in Kaneu Province.
Only a limited amount of cement can be transported from yansu Province, however.
To replonfeh the ehar'.-ags, ti cement aubetitute must be made 'ooal'y. Slate
suer uk7 Mann yur you uy ur uu an arum an arc-go uao uoucc of cv as a.voao moo:-o. Dane.' ueS
powder will ba supplied in part by the Sinkiang government. (See Tables 4 to 9.)
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A. Construction Work in 1947
1. Ho-ping Canal
Construction work on,the Ho-p'ing Canal was carried out by coolie labor
and by military engineers of the Sinkiang Defense Headquarters. This canal
extends frog Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir into the old irrigation district of
TI-hum, crosses the Urumchi River, and runs through 20 kilometers of desert land
before reaching the new Irrigation district.
lox 10 April to 10 May 1947, approximately 60,000 cubic meters of
earth were dug from a 3.7-kilometer-long sector of the main canal. This sector
extends from the, large flume to the head section of the main canal. 'row 23 )larch
to 15 April 1947, the sector extending from the top of Hei-shag to the An-ning
yanal district wave dredgad. Minety-eight thousand cubic asters of earth were
removed during this perioi.
Temporarily, only 50 cubic meters of tho canal walls will be slate-
lined. Iater, when olatos can be obtained more readily, the entire lining work
will be completed.
A total of 30 kilometers were dredged in the eastern, western, and
central distributing canals between 22 April and aid-May 191'7. Fifteen thousand
cubic meters of earth *are regoved.
The foundation work on the 200-meter-long, large flume crossing the
Drmechi River was started in early March and completed 25 April 1947. Trestle
oonetruotion eeC cement pavement of the flume base was ocmpleted 10 May. live-
neter.-hlgh, 300-meter.-long earth embuib' me were built, using 10,000 cubic
meters of dredged earth. This work was cotoleted 20 Way.
6. TA t TAI C.tun a
In order to serve military reclamation areas, 11,000 cubic motors
of a
earth .'.--'--d f: ?
.a5 ft. Tar aiia.sotoso of Utr- va Iv kwo - to 10 }tember 19 7.
One lateral canal in the eastern and two in the western section were dredged.
2. Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir
Construction work on the Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir vie started in
August 1947. The reseersoir project will take little lens than 3 years to con-
plate. The earthwork on the upper disobarge canal was started on 20 July. The
rock-blasting work on the beeeri of he upper and lover sluice gates was started
in early Anguat. This project win require 10,000 cubic meters of elates,
20,000 cubic meters of etono slabs, more than 2,000 tone of locally made substi-
tute cement, several hundreds of tone of regular cement, and several tens of
tole of stool materials. Its importance end amount of engineering wok far
excel- that of the Ro-p'ing Cwal.
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Cocetruc'tion work on the reservoir eontinu3d according to schedule until
last August. The original plane hale to be altered because a sudden inflationary
trend at that time abruptedly raised the construction cost and materials. Besides,
as winter set in, oex.ent-pouring work was made very difficult. Construction work
on the lower sluice gate and the core wall continued for a while, but other work
was suspanded to await further granting of government funds.
Some work continued throughout the winter under subzero Weather. To
attain this difficult task, construction materials were covered. Tool shads were
hosted at 15 degrees centigrade. Sand, slabs, elates, and water were warmed
oefore they could be used satisfactoell-.
B. Construction Work Previous to Water Discharge (January to 9 May 1948)
In order to meet this year's expansion of the agricultural area, it was
planned to complete underwater work on the lower sluice ate and store 14 million
cubic meters of tirtmohi River water into the reservoir so that water could be
discharged onto farm lands by 10 May. Work on the lower discharge continued
throughout the winter. Work also continued on the feed canal and the construction
of a 55-meter-long wooden flumes By the end of May, one large orifice was repaired
and widened, three large culverts were repaired, and snow-removal work inside the
canal was completed.
Most of the repair work on the feed canal was completed in Maroh. Conse-
quently, the discharge rate was increased from one cubic meter to 5 cubic meters
per second. Eighteen million, cubic meters of water were stored in the reservoir
before the water discharge date of 9 May. This amount surpassed the projected
storage plan up to 9 May by 4 million cubic meters.
Y`= 20 March tc ?,0 .'.pail, onA eool.iu or .he 17,696L Canal was dug Ly 4L)0 mew
dispatched by the Sinkiang Defense Headquarters. The dept:) of the canal varied
from 2 to 5 meters. More than 22,000 cubic meters of earth were dug and the
exorvatea earth was used to strengthen the bane of the left bank of the canal.
The completion of this mountainous sector of the feed canal made possible t'e
release of water on 9 May.
The Ho-p'ing Canal project proceeded simulzaneously. Construction of the
flood, sand, and check gates went on as scheduled. The flood gate was completed
in July 1947. The work on sand and check gates began on 1 April and was con-
plated by 15 June.
last year, the head section of the main canal was damaged because of mroeton.
From 8 March to 6 May, the aaoumulated earth inside the canal had to be removed
nnA rer4' of the w.._+... tie- tz be I_-l - &lat.. tv ju'eveni. further erosion.
Slate-lining work continued even after the we-tar-release date.
The 1i-kilometer middle section ,f the main caul, located 3.75 kilometers
from the large flume, and running from Ho-tien-chieh in Ti-hue to Hei-ahr--t'ou,
was to have been dredged. However, the work was discontinued because of lank
of funds. In Its place the existing old canal had to be dredged and lined,. This
work began in mid-March and was completed in early May.
The volume of water in the new canal section below Hei-shah-t'ou had to be
increased by adOitienal paving work. A 2-kilometer section below this new canal
section was damaged by erosion last year. This section was subsequently relined
with elates. Fifty drops were constructed in this sector. The construction of
large drops in the 5-kilometer lower section of the main canal was completed by
4 May. The volume of water discharged this year was .ore than twice that of
last year. Erosion and silting have not yet occurr9d. There is also very little
seepage at present. (See Table 10.)
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A. i`iret Construction Period
During this period, the arable acreage will be increased ',e 40,000 mou by
1049, including 10,000 mou each in rice and wheat and 20,000 in other cereal
fields. Twently-five million cubic motors of water will be needed to supply this
total acreage. The water head must ?re raised to 998 meters in the reservoir.
To accomplish this, the following work must be completed-
1. Head Feed Canal, Red Wild. Goose Lake Reservoir (sluice walls,
intake gate, and sand gate)
The head canal section requires construction or sluice walls, an intake
gate, and a sand gate to facilitate drawing of water into the reservoir. The
intake gate will control the volume of water flowing into the canal. The sand
gate eliminates sand and stone during periods of flood. The sand gate will be
oonetruotei one kilometer below the head canal and will also be used for letting
out water.
2. Feed Canal, Rai Wild Goose Lake Reservoir (c?itlet gate)
The middle section of the reed canal is situated on the elope of the
mountain. Too much snow or too such water in this section could destroy the
entire feed cana_. It is therefore necessary to construct a check gate on a
rock foundation and also an nutlet gate for further protection.
3. Expansion of the lower Discharge Canal, Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir
The discharge (even after repair work) of the old lover discharge canal
will - 3 cubic meters per seconi. The banks must be widened and .further lining
mw oo carrion w ,t w iuL-o-v ..uL
4. Construction Work on the Upper Sluice Gate, Red Wild Goose lake Reservoir
the lover sluice gate must be conetruc+.ed inside an earthen dam and
must ran underneath '.he old wooden culvert. the wooden culvert must b, built
over with stones before the lover sluice gate can be depended upon to discharge
vet r. The upper sluice gate will be sturdy, since it must be bored through a
ridge. of granite rock. When the water gauge in the reservoir becomes too high,
both the upper and the lower sluice gates will be depended upon to discharge
water. To prevent damage t,, the sluice walls and the outlet gate, additional
lining asst be carried out.
9. Conetruotiun Wo_?k on the Earthen Storage Dam, Red. Wild Goose Lake
noo.r'? vii
The earthen storage dam must be 1,000 asters high to store a 998-meter
head or water inside the reservoir. This uou t ruutiw vvrh aunt be ccsapietaa
before the water-storage period starts again. The slope must be paved up to
the water head to prevent erosion.
6. Eleven-kilometer Section of the Alain Canal, Eo-p'irg Canal
The reminiag work on the 11-kilometer section of the main canal must
be completed. If the repaired, old canal proves unsatisfactory, a new canal
must be dredged it this section. Construction of bridges and fumes will also
be necessary.
I
r
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including 15,000 in rice, 20,000 in wheat, and 40,000 in other fields. The
reservoir capacity must be raised to 40 million cubic meters. The gauge helg,it
must be raised to 1,003 meters. Construction work allotted for completion
during this period is as follows:
Second Construction Period
There still remains a o00-meter section in the head canal which qua+, be-
completed. Earthwork, mortaring work, and lining work must be carried out previ-
ous to the water-storage period. FCnur drainage embankments are to be strengthened
to prevent flood water from damaging the canal. The canal must to expanded to
raise the intake discharge to 10 cubic meters per second. The wooden flume In
the hilly section must be rebuilt with stones. Bridges must be rebuilt also.
2. Lower Discharge Canal Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir (expansion work)
The heightening and widening of the lower discharge canal must be com-
pleted in order to increase the discharge to 10 cubic meters per ecoond.
3. lower Sluice Gate Red Wild Goose Lake Res6rvoir (culvert construction)
The old wooden culvert below the aluf.ce gate !suet be :racunstruoted with
more permanent materials. Cement-mortared stone blocks will be used.
It. Completion of the Upper Sluice Gate, Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir
Some construction work remains to be done on the sluice gate. Other
work to be completed during the second period includes the stonework or the head
section of the upper discharge canal, lining of the canal, and construction of
the inclined drop.
5. Completion of Earthen Ilan, Red Wild Goose Lake Roaervotr
. Since the water head in the reservoir will be raised to 1,005 meters,
the height of the dam must be elevated to 1,007 meters. Lining work on both
slopes, and stonework on the spillway orifice, must be completed during this
period.
One nalr or the lining work remains on the main canai. It should be
completed before the date of water discharge. The work on the diversion gate
should be completed during the second construction period.
7. Completion of the Distriou..ing Canals, Ho-p'ing Canal
Sectors in the central and eastern distributing canals, stil'. are incom-
plete. These will he completed during the second peri.,d.
C. Third Construction Period
All the remaining construction work will be completed during this period.
Incomplete sectors of the distributing Lnd lateral canals will be completed
during this period- Outlet gates and farm ditches will also be constructed along-
side the rectangular blocks, series of which form a large Irrigation district.
Drainage ditches will be dug to complete the entire irrigation projects.
SFS1R!CTEtj
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Follow~ng are some of the benefits which could be derived from the completed
irrigation projectq:
The irrigation district will be capable of yielding approximately 250,000
ehib shih of grain per year. This yield could be further increased after work
in carried out to prevent seepage.
The food shortage in the Ti-hua district will end. There will be no need
obtain foodetuff'from elsewhere at exhorhitant costs.
Crain yields "d savings made by not having to import food will pay the
entire cost of tie irrigation projects. Based on 4,500,000 yu.an, which is the
transport cost ppr phih s#ih between A-.?o-su to Ti-hua as of July 1948, the
Sinkiang govozn abnt could save, ip the first year alone, approximately
1,125,000,000.00b Yuan in Sinkiang currency. Assuming that 100,000 mou could be
planted with cereal crops, and estimating the yield per mou of rice as 3 shih,
that of wheat as 1.5 ahih, and other cereals as 3.5 shih, the earnings from the
total yield in the first year would amount to 740 trillion Yuan, or equivalent
to 150 percent of the total engineering cost of the irrigation projeobe.
Thb following table shows the estimated first-year earnings from different
cereal nrope!
Cereal
Acregge
Yield per
Total Annual
Yield
Value per
Siih
Total
Value
crop
(in 1,000 zpou) Mou (in shin)
in 1,000 ahih) (in 1 million Sinkiang donors)
Rice
20
3.0
60
6.0
360000
Wh et
40
1.5
60
3.3
198,000
Otters
40
3.5
14o
1.3
182 000
T7t t1
i s
7 0T , 000
RESTEICTEQ
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Table 4. Estimated Number of Workers Required for the
Red Wild,Cooa lake Reservoir Project
Earthwork
Stonework
Dry masonry
.lock-blasting
large puddling and plastering
Small.
Timbering
Ironwork
Twig-e ttiug
Miscellaneous
371,950
2, 820
12,787
31,500
9,933
19,817
8,884
1,200
360
1,420
460,671
Table 5. Estimted Nimtber of Workers Required for the
No-p'ing Canal Project
Type of Kork
No of Workers
Earthwork
496,166
Stonework
7.,640
Dry maeorry
30,990
Pile-driving
2,756
large-puddling and plastering
4,486
Small
8,972
Timbering
25,874
Ironvork (meshwork)
1,750
Twig Matting
Miscellaneous
280
Table 6. Estimated Number of Workers Required for Construction Work
on the Red Wild Goose lake Reservoir Project
Ingine
No of
Workers
Y
calls
Expansion work: earth excavation
Earthwork
39,000
Expansion work: rook pitching
Dry masonry
5,500
Reconstruction of tail canal
Reconstruction of 'bridges and
Earthwork
Carpentry work
7j3460
fluxes
Earthwork
120
Ironwork
t
E
60
2
hwork
ar
11;97
Dry masonry
1,950
Bepwir if drainage cm'uanhmea?e
.iartbwork
Twig.-netting
120
AESTPIDTED
69,015
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Engineering Work
Upper and Lower Sluice Gates
Expansion of lower discharge
canal: earth excavation
)sxpaneion of lover discharge
canal: rock-pitching work
Upper discharge canal: earth
excavation
Upper discharge canal: rook
removal
Upper discharge canal: rock-
pitching work
Lower aluioe gate: oalvert
reconstruction
Stonework 700
Rook-blasting 4,810
Lower shies gate construction
Upper sluice gate oonstruction
Upper 4ischarge canal: inclined
drop construction
Earthwork 35,710
Dry masonry 1,667
Earthwork 52,531
Rook--blasting 26,090
Dry masonry 3,670
Timbering 7,000
large puddling and
plastering 1,142
`3mall puddling and
plastering 2,284
Earthwork 1,600
Small puddling and
plastering 1,872
Timbering 324
Miscellaneous 300
Rook-blasting 600
Stonework 600
Large paddling and
plastering 11595
Small paddling and
plastering 2,966
Timbering 420
Ironwork 5I`0
Miscellaneous 400
Stonework 800
large gadaling and
plastering 3,110
Small paddling and
plastering 6,395
Timbering 46o
Ironwork 600
Miscellaneous 400
Earthwork 320
Timbering 220
Stonework 720
large puddling and
plastering
mall puddling and
Barth excavation
Rock-pitching work for
corm wall
plastering 48
161,604
Earthwork 17,444
Earthwork 4,800
large puAaling and
plastering 1,600
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fable 6. (Gcntd)
Engineeri Work
Rock-pitching work for care wall (Contd)
Small puddling and
plastering
Miscellaneous
Large puddling and
plastering
mall puddling and
plastering
Miscellaneous
No of
Workers
3,200
160
1,276
2,552
16o
231,192
462,67i
Table 7. Eetinated Acaber o? Workers Required for Construction
on the Ho-p'ing Canal Project
MAID Canal
No of
Workers
Earth excavation
Earthwork
309,679
Rook-pitching work
Dry masonry
30,630
Concrete paving of canan bottom
Earthwork
43,040
Mortar-pouring work
Earthwork
47,250
dui*b i14fto tiilalhIt oiw uver
Ur amohi R
Earthwork
240
Stonework
200
Pile-driving
1,200
Timbering
4x200
Large puddling and
plastering
Small puddling and
plaete. ing
1,620
Ironwork
x40
Micr?.1laneoue
120
Flood-control work for
Earthwork
2,30G
Uri ohi R
Pilo-driving
800
Timbering
50
.alts-iwattliDry masonry
360
Miscellaneous
80
Earthwork
2,300
Stonework
360
large puddling and
plastering
Small puddling and
plastering
530
Timbering
24
Miscellaneous
240
Earthwork
600
Stonework
360
Timbering
40
large puddling ec,G
plastering
9ma11 puddling and
play i.ering
460
Timbering
40
Trig-mattlrg
80
Miscellaneous
120
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Engineering Work
We of Work
No of
Workers
Bridge construction
Timbering
.840
Pile-driving
440
I4rge puddling and
plastering
40
Small puddling and
plastering
F rthworb
so
4,400
Flume construction
Ironwork
Farthwc'rk
3r+n
220
Timbering
270
Large puddling and
plastering
207
Small puddling and
plastering
414
Drop construction
Timbering
1,560
Large puddling and
plastering
54
Small puddling and
plastering
108
largo diversion gate construction
Sarthwo.?k
earthwork
1, boo
600
Stonewack
7'20
Timbering
60
Large puddliha and
plastering
752
Small puddling and
plastering
1,504
. Dotal
474,397
Distributing Cenale
Earth oxcavation
earthwork
37,897
Diversion gate construction
Timbering
160
3ar tiwork
320
Large puddling and
plastering
120
Small puddling and
plastering
240
ironwork
60
Timbering
1,200
Earthwor::
400
Large puddling and
plastering
66
Small puddling and
plastering
132
Timbering
650
earthwork
1,300
Large puddling and
plastering
66
Small puddling and
plastering
132
Ironwork
350
Pile-driving
156
Timbering
1,380
large puddling and
plastering
76
Sma11 puddling and
plastering
152
1;
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Table 7. (Contd)
Engineering Work
Drop construction (Cantd)
Total
lateral Canals
Earti excavation
Bridge construction
Earthwork
Earthwork
Timbering
Iarge puddling and
plastering
Small puddling and
plastering
Iron ,ek
Pile-driving
Timbering
Earthwork
Timbering
large puddling and
plastering
Small puddling aiod
plastering
"nartuwark
No of
Workers
22,000
45, 007
27,00
4,000
920
200
400
160
120
300
14,400
1,200
2,400
1,200
63, cf0
582;474
8. Estimated P=unt of Constractiom hat,,rta1e Pequired
for the Red Wild Goose lake Reservoir Project
!aterial
Measnremsnt per IIni.t
(in oa
Store slabs
20z30x7.00
13,82? ,lAbs
20x30x60
z3,;+in
s
Slates
1;,523 OA
-.??? c?? ?-?-
jv(diajz(vi,
2,Li0 girdera
25(dja)x7o0
60
20 dia)x700
220
iioo en oroaebeame
"
"
15 dla)x700
60 beams
4
x8
lumber
6
"
1=0480
70 Oscan
3
x
suan1limge
"
7x15x3d0
4,850 0
2
scantlings
"
5x15x380
1,950 w
1
strips
2s15x380
850 "
Cement (frost Tung-tang Nolan
,
>kusu Prov)
350 tons
3vbetitute cement (made locally)
2,500 w
Sand
--
2,800 ou m
Cast-iron mate
--
60 tons
Wrought iron
--
18
Steel nails
--
500 kg
Tunes
--
100 carloads
Gravel
2,5w ou m
24 -
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Table 9. Estimated Amount of Coutctruotion Mteriale
Required for the Ho-p'ing Canal Project
I
3 3 erfDg Work
Fee?. Canal
txpengion work: earth excavation
Lwwa-_wFe...w4~.r ZZr! - w. ~
aavvwN aM. w s Y.IOa Y00{ai
exoavatiom
Reoonetruotion work an oapal tail:
excavation
22,000 cu m
9,333 cu m
6,371 cu m
Concrete paving of well 759 on m
Gate oon4ruction 200 au s
Teaporary'earthen storage do& cometrnotion 2,000 on m
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Measurement per Unit
(in cm)
Stone slabs
30250x100
1,400 slabs
"
20230x100
6,+00 "
"
20x3ox60
6,400 "
Slates
50,260 cum
Wooden girders
30(dja)r700
400 girders
20(dia)x700
"
2,123
25(dia)r700
160
Wooden o??oeebeaae
15(dia)x700
3,876 beau
"
10(did)X700
1,554 "
4"x8" l ber
10sP0x380
66 pieces
3"z6" scantlings
7xl5x380
2,260 "
2" scantlings
5x15x380
cement
50 tone
S?ubatitute Cement
600
Wrought Iron
2,600 kg
Steel nails
2,200 'kg
Sand
2,100 ou 5a
Mw ,P card
500 ke
Tvigc
240 carloads
X1ead wire
200 kg
Twbla 10. C 1fK+iCuaeLrti::cion work on tha
Red Wild Goose Lake Reservoir aad the Ro-p'ing Canal
(Ae of 1 June 19)5)
R" Will Goose Iske Reservoir
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Table 10. (Cohtd.)
MWinewing Work
Upper Disoharge Canal
Earth excavation
Robk reaovul
Slate lining of the canal bottom
bridge construction
AW=t Cam
314,,..31
12,042 ou a:
170 on a
2 bridges
Ha-p'1aCanal
Earth excavation
FaTiag
CanoYete pnr_ag
large fl=o oot'nstruotion over Uruautzi R
hoot-control York on Uru chi R
Flood Gate construction
Surd gate and oheok Bets oonetrnction
i!`i!- ^- --?ti.
71vmaa ocnet+hwtion
Drop oonetraotiou
Rook-pitoked drop contraction
Xvursion qRte construction
Distributing Canals
Earth excavation
7l . construction
$idgs construction
Dror aanatraction
Earth oX svution
Drop aceutraotion
209,679 cu a
12,000 on a
1 flume
560 a
1 Oto
l gate
V -4 JYbvo
!r.1u es
16 drops
50 drop.
1 gate
71,693 on a
17 f1ueo
8 bridges
5 drops
10,706 on I.
15 drops
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Table 11. Estimated Cost of the Red Wild Goose lake
and the Ho-p'ing Canal Projects
incomplete work on the
Red Wild Goose
lake Reservoir
Cost Remarks
272,979,680,000 Equivalent to 1,364,898,400,000
CRC Tian, 454,966.13 gold yuan
notes, or 113,741.53 US dollars
253,598,400,000 Equivalent to 1,267,992,000,000
cNC yvan, 422,664 bold Yuan
notes, or 105,666 U5 dollars
526,576,080,000 Equivalent to 2,632,690,400,003
CNC yuan, 877 630.13 gold Yuan
note, or 219,407.53 US dollar.
Table 12. Estimated Cost of Work to be Completed
on the Red Wild Goose lake Reservoir
Compiled 15 August 1948
(Cost per unit and total cost in ono million Sinkiang yuen)
Amt and Unit
Cost per
Unit
Total Cost
23,080
Canal head: conduit walls,
1 canal head
6, coo
6,ooo
intake gate, and sand gate
c oustructi o::
Canal expansion: earth
17,000 cu m
0.32
4,800
excavation
Canal expansion: paving
2,340 cu m
2
4,680
Reinforcement of drainage
4 embankments
400
1,600
embankments
Check gate and outlet
2 getee
2,400
14,800
We construction
nx ldge repair and
3 bridges
X00
1,200
rebuilding
Expansion of lower discharge
20,000 cu m
0.32
6,4x0
canal: earth excavation
Expansion of lower discharge
2,000 cu m
2
4,000
canal: paving
lower sluice gata: culvert
600 cu m
40
24,000
construction
Well construction
1,313 cu m
40
52,520
Gate construction
1 gate
12,000
12,000
Tunnel intake orifice paving
800 cu m
40
32,000
,
Upper discharge canal: earth
14,600 cu m
0.32
4
672
excavation
Upper discharge canal: rock
1,X00 cu m
b.4
6,400
removal
Upper discharge canal: paving
4,400 Cu m
2
8,8X0
Upper discharge canal:
1 inclined dr^p
2,460
2,400
inclined drop construction
27-
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Cost per
Unit
Total Cost
96,707.68
0.56
48,707.68
Slate lining up to dam's
water head
2,000 cu m
20
40,000
Paving work, up to dam's
water head
3,000 cu m
2
6,ooo
Filter gallery: rook removal
500 cu m
2,000
272,979.68
NCTS: The cost per unit in this table is based on commodity prices as of mid-
August 1948 in Ti-hua. The grand total cost of 272,9r9,680,000 Sinkiang
yuan is egeivalent *.o 1,364,898,400,00o CNC Yuan, 454,966.13 gold Yuan
notes, or 113,741.53 US dollars.
Table l3. Entinated Cost of Work to be Completed
or hi. Ho-p'ing Canal
Compiled 15 August 1948
(Cost per unit and total cost in one million Sinkiang yuan)
ftglne2r Work
Amt and Unit
Coat per
Unit
Total Cost
Main Canal
154,995.2
large flume: painting
1 flume
!a,`l00
4,800
New section of the main
100,000 cu in
0,_32
X2
000
canal at Ho-t'ien Street,
Ti-hua: earth excavation
PAditir.+al paving murk
30,5:1 cti
3.2
,
97,79`:.2
Flood-control vork on
500 a
7.2
:,
000
Urumchi R
Bridge construction over
14 bridges
600
,
3
400
n- encti~:,n of the
canal at Ho-t'ien St Ti-hua
Flume construction over new
5 flumes
400
,
2,000
iaevLlW of the stain canal
at He-Wien St Ti-hua
Coaatruotian of large
1 gat-
4,000
4
000
diversion gate
Dietr!buting Canals
,
16,080
Diversion gate construction
2 gates
1,200
2,400
Flume construction
23 flumes
320
7,360
Bridge construction
5 bridges
400
2,000
Ih of constrution
18 drops
240
4,320
_88-
RL'3TRICT6
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Earth excavation
Bridge construction
Flume construction
11