TERRORISM REVIEW(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100110002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 23, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of ~ "~""-
Intelligence ;~ ~ /'~ ~~~
~~~~~~ ~~ F ~ ~
Terrorism Review
23 August 1984
G/ TX 84-0/8
23 August 1984
Copy 4 9 3
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Terrorism
Review n 25X1
1 Perspective-The Middle East: Back in the Forefront of
International Terrorism n
Highlights
International Terrorist Incidents:
Statistical Overview-1984
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29 Chronology
This review is published every other week by the Directorate oI intelligence.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Terrorism
Review) 25X1
The incidence of international terrorism ' of Middle Eastern origin increased
substantially in the first six months of 1984, and if current trends continue nearly
half of all international terrorist incidents in 1984 will be perpetrated by terrorists
of Middle Eastern origin, whereas the region generated less than a third of the
total we recorded between 1980 and 1983. The current prominence of Middle
Eastern actors is reminiscent of the early 1970s when the Middle East also
dominated the international terrorist scene.
As of the end of June, we had recorded 136 violent attacks by Middle Eastern
groups or state agents, compared with 128 during all of 1983. Attacks on US
targets also have increased but not at the same pace: 14 during the first six months
of this year compared with 22 in all of last year.
Several factors contributed to the growth in terrorism of Middle Eastern origin.
Most important was a dramatic rise in Palestinian attacks against Israel. We
recorded only five such attacks in 1983, but 24 already in 1984. As a result, Israel
has suffered the largest number of casualties so far this year, 95 of the 260 we
attributed to Middle Eastern terrorists. Three-fourths of the Palestinian attacks
were in Israel or the occupied territories. The competition among PLO groups for
prominence and leadership in the divided Palestinian movement and despair over
the lack of diplomatic progress in solving the Palestinian problem account for the
escalation in terrorist activity: All Palestinian groups, including Arafat's Fatah,
have announced their intent to pursue the "armed struggle" in Israel and the
occupied territories.
Another source of substantial increase since last year was terrorism by extremist
Jews against Palestinians on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which accounted
for 15 attacks so far in 1984, compared with 10 in all of 1983, when the extremists
began their terror campaign to intimidate and force Arabs out of the occupied
territories. Most of the Jewish terrorism ceased after Tel Aviv's investigation
climaxed with mass arrests in late April. (The arrests prevented several intended
bombing attacks on crowded Arab buses.) Although we have no direct evidence of
it, some of the increased Palestinian terrorism might have been in response to these
Jewish attacks on Palestinians.
1 Secret
GI TR 84-018
23 August 1984
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State-sponsored terrorism continued to play an important role in 1984. Evidence
concerning the extent of state involvement in particular attacks is usually
fragmentary or poorly authenticated, but we have reason to believe that state
agents or state-backed groups have been responsible for at least half of all
terrorism of Middle Eastern origin this year. That is roughly the same level we
observed in 1983 when the hand of state sponsors became so vividly evident.
In 1984, however, Libya has become much more active. This increase in Libyan-
backed terrorism, in fact, was the third major stimulus of the overall rise in Middle
Eastern terrorism. After more than a year of relative quiescence, in late 1983
Colonel Qadhafi decided to go after the increasingly active Libyan exile
movements and, secondarily, after opponents in Africa blocking Libya's designs on
Chad. Qadhafi's apparent sense of vulnerability to these enemies and his
corresponding desire to rejuvenate support within the Libyan Government for his
revolutionary concepts led to 21 attacks by Libyan agents or Libyan-sponsored
groups during the first half of 1984. All but three of these attacks were in Europe
or Africa, largely accounting for the increased spillover of Middle Eastern
terrorism into other regions. Libya's favorite targets so far in 1984 have been anti-
Qadhafi exiles (10 attacks) and France (four attacks).
Besides Libya, states such as Iran and Syria remained active during the first half
of 1984:
? Radical Shias trained, armed, assisted, and encouraged by Iran were responsible
for 39 attacks, most of them in Lebanon against French and, secondarily, US
targets. France was the prime target because of its support for and sale of
military equipment to Iraq. Until March, both France and the United States
were targets because of their prominent place in the Multinational Force in
Beirut. Since the withdrawal of that force and the commitment of Syria to
national reconciliation in Lebanon, the number of attacks by radical Shias has
declined dramatically.
? Syrian-backed Palestinian groups~hiefly the Abu Nidal Group and as-Saiga-
basically continued their campaign against Jordan and moderate Palestinians.
Of their nine suspected attacks, however, one attempted bombing attributed to
the Abu Nidal Group took place in front of the US Embasy in Amman, and a
nuisance bombing attributed to Saiqa operatives took place in a classroom at the
American University in Beirut.
? The radical Palestinian 15 May Organization, which is based in Baghdad,
claimed credit for a letter bomb attack on Iran's Ambassador in Damascus; this
incident may well have been instigated by Iraq.
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Factsheet on Terrorism of Middle Eastern Origin,
January-June 1984
Number of Top Targets
Attacks
Number of
Attacks
a Including the United Nations. There was one attack on a Soviet
target.
n Total killed (26), wounded (22), or kidnaped (13).
United Kingdom, Greece, France, Cyprus, Italy, Western Germa-
ny, and the Netherlands in order of frequency of attack.
d Includes one attack in the United States.
e The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF) operates in
Western Europe. Its membership is unknown but believed to
include persons from the Middle East along with, possibly, some
Europeans.
10
43 e
Number of
Casualties
260
95
United Kingdom 25
Libyan exiles 15
Palestinians 14
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While the lethality of Middle Eastern terrorism in 1984 has been far below the
level of 1983, it is nevertheless becoming apparent that Middle Eastern terrorism
is growing more dangerous. Almost 90 percent of the 1983 casualties were the
victims of eight bombings that killed or wounded 50 or more people. No single
incident this year caused as many casualties. Excluding the big bombings,
however, 1983 casualties totaled 170 in 103 incidents, compared with 260 in 136
incidents so far this year.
Outlook. It is difficult to determine whether the upsurge in Middle Eastern
terrorism will continue, because it was apparently caused by both temporary and
more lasting developments. Moreover, changing political relationships in the
region-as in the past-are likely to affect the nature and level of terrorism in the
rest of this year and beyond:
? We believe Palestinian raids on Israeli targets will continue at least at the level
observed in the first half of 1984. Any increase will depend on the continuing
acquiescence if not assistance of Syria, which controls or retains influence over
Palestinian base areas in Lebanon. Some Palestinian groups are trying to
establish bases independent of Syrian control. If they are successful, more
attacks on Israel are likely, but Syria is likely to try to prevent independent
Palestinian activity in order to avoid giving Israel a reason for reprisals against
Syria.
? While non-PLO groups such as the Abu Nidal Group and 15 May probably will
continue to pose a threat to Israeli, US, and other targets around the world, the
PLO continues to observe Arafat's 1974 ban on terrorism outside Israel. We
believe that Arafat would sanction a return to international terrorism only if he
felt the survival of the PLO as an organization or his continuation as its leader
depended on it. Alternatively, a widening of the schism between pro and anti-
Arafat groups also could lead some of the more radical groups like the PFLP or
the Fatah rebels to commit acts of international terrorism in an effort to
demonstrate their power, gain publicity, and force others to reckon with them.
? We expect Libya to continue to conduct or sponsor terrorism against Tripoli's
traditional enemies. Recently Qadhafi has appeared interested in improving
relations with neighboring countries and other Arab states and at any time he
could put the brakes on his new terrorist campaign just as he has done in the
past. On the other hand, if Libya was responsible for the mining of the Red Sea,
as seems likely, it indicates that Qadhafi remains both bellicose and willing to
take risks. Moreover, he apparently perceives the exile groups, which have
conducted terrorist attacks inside Libya this year, to be a continuing serious
threat to his regime.
? On the positive side, we believe that a renewal of Jewish terrorism at previous
levels is unlikely, although growing tensions between Arabs and Jewish settlers
on the West Bank may lead to isolated attacks.
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? Iranian-backed attacks on foreigners in Lebanon have declined steadily since
February. This was the result, we believe, of a reduction in the number of targets
available, of enhanced security, and of the continuing interest in an end to
violence in Lebanon on the part of Syria, the mainline Shia organization Amal,
and other parties in that country. Gradually improving counterterrorist measures
in moderate Arab states are probably constraining Shia violence, because only a
handful of attacks have been linked to Iranian-backed groups in such countries.
? The major unknown is the degree to which Tehran will use or encourage
terrorism in the future. Iran is currently seeking better relations with both
Western and Islamic states, but evidence continues to indicate Iranian
involvement in terrorism in both areas. The course of the Iran-Iraq war will have
an important impact on Iranian behavior. In any event, we believe at least some
level of Iranian-inspired terrorism is likely to persist.
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Highlights
Key Indicators West Bank: New Jewish Settlement in Hebron Increases Tensions. Four Jewish
families established a new settlement in the mostly Arab city of Hebron on 8
August. This move was approved by the Israeli Government and accompanied by
reports that more families are scheduled to move to the site and that other
settlements will be established in the heart of the city. The US Consulate in
Jerusalem reports that the reactions of the Arabs are quickly turning from fear to
rage because they increasingly perceive the Hebron settlement as an endorsement
of the Jewish underground movement by the Shamir government. The Consulate
believes expansion of the settlement is inevitable, although that will entail seizing
Arab-owned land. Such a move, together with the establishment of other
settlements on the West Bank-five more reportedly will be proposed soon-are
likely to spark isolated Arab attacks against Jewish settlers and Israeli military po-
sitions in the occupied territories.n
Chile: Bombings Continue at High Level. In the first half of 1984, approximately
230 terrorist bombings occurred in Chile, compared with only 170 for all of 1983.
Most of the bombings have been directed against public utilities and designed to
cause maximum property damage but minimal personal injuries. American and
other international interests have been among the targets in Santiago. Local
security services believe that members of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left
(MIR) and the Communist Party (PCCh) have been responsible for most of the at-
tacks, but a third group, the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR) has
Lebanon: Beirut Security Situation Fragile. An outbreak of violence and other
recent developments in Beirut indicate the security situation remains tense. A new
wave of terrorist attacks could occur at any time. A series of explosions in West
Beirut in early August caused the first fatalities in the capital since the
implementation of the Cabinet's security plan on 4 July and brought armed
militiamen back onto the streets. A number of violent incidents have occurred
recently in the region dominated by Nabih Berri's Shia Amal militia, suggesting
that Amal is no longer able to suppress the activities of Shia fundamentalist
splinter groups there:
? On 9 August, a bomb exploded in a crowded market, killing three people and
wounding some 20 others.
? During the night of 9 August, five other explosions occurred, causing property
damage but no casualties.
Secret
C! TR 84-018
13 August 1984
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? On 10 August, an explosion in a building housing a Shia Amal ammunition
dump killed one person and wounded 11 others. An anonymous caller claimed
credit in the name of the Druze Independence Revolutionaries Organization-
previously unheard of. We do not believe such a group exists. Instead, we suspect
the explosion was either an accident or the result of an operation of the Christian
Lebanese Forces.
elements of several local militias,
including the Murabitun, Hizballah, and various Palestinian groups have been
fighting for control of the Palestinian refugee camps south of Beirut for more than
a year. If neither Amal nor the Lebanese Army can control them, the refugee
camps could again become a launching point for terrorist attacks in Beirut or into
Israel.
Lebanon: Key Anniversary for Musa Sadr Brigade. The Musa Sadr Brigade may
attack Libyan targets either in Lebanon or Western Europe to commemorate the
anniversary of the disappearance of their religious leader. The Imam Musa Sadr
disappeared while visiting Libya in late August 1978, and many Lebanese Shias
believe he met with foul play at Libya's hands. Since 1979 the Musa Sadr Brigade
has sporadically attacked Libyan interests in the Middle East and (since 1981)
Western Europe. During the past two months, the group conducted several attacks
on Libyan diplomatic targets in Lebanon.
Colombia: Cease-Fire To Be Signed-Finally. The Government of Colombia is
now scheduled to sign acease-fire agreement with the 19th of April Movement
(M-19) and the People's Liberation Army (EPL) on 23 August. The long-awaited
truce was to have been signed 12 August but was postponed after an M-19 attack
on the town of Yumbo on 11 August led to the deaths of 37 people. At first it was
thought that the attack on Yumbo was in retaliation for the assassination on 10
August by unknown persons of M-19 leading figure Toledo Plata, but it is now
clear that the attack had been planned for some time (the guerrillas arrived in
rented cargo trucks) both as a demonstration that M-19 was not being forced into
a noncombat mode and as a kind of apology to the martial spirit of deceased
M-19 leaders like Jaime Bateman. If the cease-fire is actually signed, it may
temporarily reduce the level of violence in Colombia, although elements within
both insurgent and government ranks are not fully committed to a truce. In any
case, nobody expects such acease-fire to last for more than a few months.
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Significant Developments South Africa: ANC Leader.~Deplores Civilian Casualties. In Harare, Zimbabwe,
African National Congress (ANC) leader Oliver Tambo admitted ANC
responsibility for the car bombing in Durban on 12 July which killed five civilians
and wounded 27. Criticizing his guerrillas for being "inexcusably careless,"
Tambo said the bomb had been aimed at a military convoy-which press reports
confirm was in the area. While admitting that civilian casualties are "regrettably
unavoidable" in attacks on military targets, he said that in this case field
operatives should have taken greater precautions to avoid unintended deaths.
For more than a year, the ANC has shown a greater willingness to accept
collateral casualties during attacks on military targets, but it continues to reject
indiscriminate terror against civilians. Two previous ANC car bombings which
caused a large number of civilian casualties-in Pretoria in May 1983 and in
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Italy: Arab Terrorist Arrested in Trieste. On 6 August, an Arab carrying a false
Moroccan passport was arrested during a routine customs inspection of a train at
the Yugoslav-Italian border. Over 15 pounds of Semtex H, a plastic explosive of
Czechoslavak origin, was found in the man's knapsack. In the hands of an expert,
that is enough plastic explosive to destroy 10 multistory buildings. ~~
do not know with which terrorist group or government he is affiliated.
Sri Lanka: Separatist Violence Accelerates. As expected, Tamil insurgents have
once again stepped up terrorist attacks in the Tamil-dominated Northern Province,
concentrating on police and military targets. The latest campaign comes a year
after massive communal violence-touched off by similar Tamil terrorism-left
more than 600 Tamils dead and some 130,000 homeless.
more than 25 police and civilians have been killed in terrorist
incidents during the past two weeks-but they have not gone unanswered. The
military has reacted harshly-army units burned an entire village in one
operation, and naval forces fired on a coastal village in another-and has been able
thus far to prevent the violence from spreading to the south. ~~
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Sri Lanka's Minister of National Security has vowed to "get as tough as we can"
and asserted that "ultimately we will have the entire population which is opposed
to terrorism armed to the teeth." Such harsh reprisals against persons who were
not directly involved in the antigovernment attacks, however, are likely to raise
even higher the level of dissatisfaction among the Tamils and reduce even more the
chances that a political solution can be found. ~~
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ETA Strikes Back at France
Last January the French Government reversed its
longstanding tolerance of ETA terrorists who use
southern France as their major safehaven. This year
Paris has already expelled more than 20 Spanish
Basques to third countries-including Eugenio
Echeveste, the number-two man in ETA-M, who was
deported to the Dominican Republic on 8 August.
This policy turnabout prompted ETA leaders in June
to order a retaliatory bombing campaign against
French interests,~~
This bombing campaign-which has caused several
injuries as well as considerable property damage-has
recently intensified. Moreover, the Basques have been
joined-apparently for publicity purposes-by
GRAPO, the Spanish leftwing urban terrorist group,
which has hitherto had almost nothing to do with
ETA. The immediate goal of the bombings is to
dissuade Paris from extraditing four Basque
separatists to Spain to face murder charges. Although
France has refused Spain's previous extradition
requests, Pierre Joxe, the French Interior Minister,
assured Spain on 6 August that France will remain
firm in its dealings with extremist Spanish Basque
exiles. We doubt that the bombing campaign, which
was predictable, will cause the French to back off
from this policy.~~
August Bombing Incidents
Against French Interests
Date Incident
7 August In Vitoria, a suspected ETA gasoline
bomb badly damages French cur.
9 August In San Sebastian, bombs damage two
Citroen showrooms.
10 August In San Sebastian, a French bus and car
are set on f ire.
In Bilbao, a French bank and Renault
shox~room are bombed; eight persons
injured.
13 August In Lasarte, two bombs damage Citroen
showroom extensively. Members oj'Anti-
Capitalist Commandos (CAAJ, an ETA
splinter group, were killed by police min-
utes before the explosions.
14 August In Madrid, police sgrely detonate a
bomb IeJt outside French bank. GRAPO
claimed responsibility.
In Granada, a Citroen showroom is
bombed.
In Madrid, a Renault showroom is
bombed.
1 S August In Bilbao, the bombing of a Talbot auto
showroom injures two people.
In La Coruna, a bomb destroys branch
of Banque Nationale de Paris.
In Gijon, the French Consulate is
bombed. GRAPO claims responsibility.
Three persons detai[ted for questioning
by police.
In Majadahonda, aTalbot-Peugeot
showroom is damaged.
Secret
GI TR 84-018
23 August 1984
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How South Africa Combats
Terrorism ~
South Africa's white minority has invested heavily in
an already pervasive but still growing internal
security apparatus that enforces and defends
apartheid and works to thwart black liberation
movements based primarily outside the country.'
South Africa has paid a large price in both
government spending and sacrificed economic growth
to build and maintain this system. In the current
fiscal year (1 April-31 March), combined police,
prison, and defense expenditures account for almost
$4 billion, or 20 percent of the budget. We estimate
that as many as one in every eight white South
Africans is involved at least part-time in some aspect
of internal security or defense.~~
Government Counterterrorist Forces
The South African Police (SAP) force-a multiracial
national paramilitary organization-is the backbone
of the country's internal security apparatus. Its
43,000 members, nearly half of whom are white, serve
in traditional uniformed and detective sections, as
well as in secret police and riot-control units. Each
year at the Maleoskop Counter-Insurgency Training
Center northeast of Pretoria; thousands of policemen
are instructed in counterinsurgency and ways of
combating urban .terrorism. The SAP is supported by
an additiona140,000 reservists and backed by security
legislation granting wide powers of search and seizure
and allowing detention without trial.~~
An elite police unit, the Special Task Force, is
designed in part to combat urban terrorists. The Task
Force is based at the SAP Training College in,
Pretoria and is on 24-hour call. The US Embassy
reports that the unit is capable of mobilizing in less
Although the SAP Special Task Force operates chiefly in urban
environments, it also practices hot pursuit tactics in the bush.
than 12 minutes and flying to any place in South
The Security Branch of the SAP-the South African
Security Police (SASP~-works primarily against
subversives within the country, although it also has
personnel and informants throughout southern Africa
and in Europe, according to press reports. The highly
effective SASP focuses much of its attention on the
African National Congress (ANC). Oliver Tambo,
Secret
GI TR 84-018
23 August 1984
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The Principal Opponent
A major objective of South African security forces
has been to combat the terrorist campaign of the
African National Congress (ANCJ. Although the se-
curityforces have an intimate knowledge of the ANC
and have arrested large numbers of its guerrillas,
however, they have been unable to put an end to the
group s bombings.~~
During a trial of captured ANC guerrillas in May
1984, a security policeman tested that the group
has conducted 225 terrorist operations against South
Africa in the last eight years. Only moments before
the ANC exploded the devastating car bomb in
Pretoria on 20 May 1983, Minister of Defense Malan
told Parliament that ANC bombings since 1978 had
inflicted $635 million worth of damage
Among the targets successfully attacked by the ANC
have been extremely well-guarded showcase energy
facilities that we believe were selected by the group
for political and propaganda purposes. In 1978, two
years before the ANC bombed South Africa's syn-
theticfuel facilities, the SADF rated the industrial
commando unit responsible for protecting thoselacil-
ities as the most efficient commando unit in the
country. The ANC scored another major victory in
December 1982 when it bombed the Koeberg nuclear
facility, probably the most heavily guarded installa-
tion in South Africa, and forced the facility to delay
openingfor 1 S months.~~
In the past year, South Africa has used military and
economic pressure to force many of its neighbors to
expel or severely restrict the ANC. In our view, the
ANC will try to compensatelor this loss in regional
support by trying to establish a military infrastruc-
ture within South Africa, and by increasing its politi-
cal action in the country. We believe that Pretoria
shares this assessment and will step up its harass-
ment of political and labor groups suspected of
having ties to the ANC. Despite such efforts, and
despite how much South Africa will continue to
invest in both internal security and defense, we doubt
it can prevent the ANCfrom mountingfurther terror-
ist attacks.)
Acting President of the ANC, admitted to a US
journalist in October 1983 that SASP penetration of
his group was a serious problem and added that one
recent group of 10 guerrilla recruits was found to have
nine police spies in it.
Although the SASP plays the primary intelligence
role in combating the ANC, the National Intelligence
Service (NIS) also has some counterterrorist duties.'
The NIS collects and evaluates national security
intelligence and engages in covert action programs.
The South African Railway and Harbor Police
(SARHP) is responsible for protecting the country's
airports, eight significant harbors, and 5,500
kilometers of state-owned and private railway lines. In
1980 there were more than 6,500 men and women in
the SARHP, which has its own 75-member Special
Task Force counterterrorist unit that specializes in
thwarting hijackers, rescuing hostages, and protecting
VIPs. ~~
The South African Defense Force (SADF) plays an
integral part in helping the SAP maintain internal
security. The SADF is especially active in combating
insurgents infiltrating from neighboring countries.
The SADF counterinsurgency forces consist of 10
territorial commands, each with a subordinate
element that in the aggregate are known as the
Commando Force, composed largely of area residents
who have completed their two-year full-time national
service stints
against insurgents in rural, urban, and industrial
areas so that the other components of the
counterinsurgency and conventional forces can be
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used elsewhere. Members of all commando units
undergo weapons training and a wide variety of other
instruction depending on their age, previous service,
and the type of commando unit they serve in,
according to South African Government pamphlets.
Members of commando units in city areas are
instructed in urban counterterrorist techniques, crowd
control, and roadblock procedures; farmers are taught
how to defend against guerrillas in a rural
environment; and miners and factory workers are
taught how to protect fixed installations.
South Africa's security forces work together closely,
especially in antiterrorist operations and exercises
Police, Army, and Air Force personnel have engaged
in joint manhunts employing patrols, roadblocks,
aerial reconnaissance, and massive sweep operations,
according to press reports. In August 1983, personnel
from the Army, Air Force, uniformed and Special
Task Force sections of the SAP, Railway Police, Civil
Defense Corps, local municipal and traffic police, fire
departments, and ambulance services took part in a
large-scale defense exercise in downtown
Johannesburg. According to police statements
reported afterward in the press, cooperation among
the various units was excellent during the exercise,
which included a staged terrorist takeover of a
passenger bus.
Area Security Measures
Both the military and the police are responsible for
guarding South Africa's border areas against
guerrillas based in neighboring states. Security
personnel man a string of camps and posts and patrol
along the borders. In recent years, ANC guerrillas
staged most of their operations from Mozambique,
through farms in the region.
infiltrating South Africa via Swaziland. According to
the US Embassy, the South African Army responded
by maintaining a large presence in the area, and the
police set up an extensive informer network consisting
of local residents who reported on strangers moving
The National Key Points Act of 1980 empowers the
Minister of Defense to declare as a "national key
point" any place or area in the country that he deems
of strategic importance to South Africa. The Act also
requires owners of key points to adopt and maintain
security measures to the satisfaction of the Minister.
Currently there are about a thousand key points,
according to press estimates. The number probably
fluctuates as new facilities are established and
conditions within the country change. National key
points are protected by personnel from private
security firms or by SADF Industrial Commando
units, according to press sources. The security costs of
guarding national key points are shared by the
government and by the private industries designated
as key points.
Physical Security Measures
The private security industry in South Africa has
grown rapidly in the last decade and now generates
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A press
report last year estimated that the hundreds of firms,
which deal in items such as fencing, alarms, video
monitors, lie detectors, worker identification cards
and systems, and various types of guard services,
employ some 250,000 South Africans. The panic that
gripped many white South Africans during the
Soweto riots in 1976 initially sparked the growth of
the industry, and the subsequent ANC bombing
campaign has sustained that growth. ~~
The police have stated publicly that most of the
injuries resulting from ANC bombings have been
caused by flying glass. Some proprietors of buildings
in urban areas have therefore installed bomb-
resistant, shatterproof windows, or "armorized" their
windows with a special film that allows glass panes to
fold inward without disintegrating.' One of the largest
South African firms that sells safety windows claims
to have installed them in more than 3,000 buildings
and offices in the country since 1976. A local
newspaper survey of corporate buildings, government
facilities, and shopping centers in Johannesburg and
Pretoria in June 1983, however, found that only 5
percent of the buildings had "armorized" windows,
safety glass, or bomb curtains.~~
' The car bomb that the ANC detonated in downtown Pretoria in
May 1983 was a powerful device that killed 19 and injured more
than 200. Most of the casualties were caused by flying shards of
glass from the many windows in the area. One department store's
large front window that had been treated with the special film
enfolded a group of people standing nearby without injuring them,
even th~ouP~h the window was reportedly only 25 meters from the car
bomb.l I
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International Terrorist Incidents:
Statistical Overview-1984
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1984 1983
Total
By Category of Victim or Installation Attacked
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug_ Sep Oct Nov Dec 1984 1983
Total
Note: Figures are subject to change as additional information is
received.
27 Secret
GI TR 84-018
23 August / 984
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International Terrorist Incidents, 1983-84
Incidents Involving US Persons
or Facilities
Deaths and Igjuries
Number of Victims
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July 1984
Chronology
Below are described noteworthy./oreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in this
publication are not included. n
USSR: Explosion Kills Six
In Rovno in the eastern Ukraine, an explosion killed six people during public
ceremonies marking the 40th anniversary of the association of the Ukraine with
the Soviet state.~~
Angola: UNTTA Attack
In Huambo City, commandos of the National Union for the Total Independence of
Angola (UNITA) reportedly attacked an agricultural institute, killing two Cuban
technicians. UNITA has focused on Cuban targets in its urban terrorist strikes.
16 July 1984 Italy: Bomb Damages Palace of Justice
In Naples, a bomb exploded during the night in the Palace of Justice. The
Guerrilla Cells for Communism claimed responsibility for the attack.
Haiti: Masked Men Raid Radio Station
Near Port-au-Prince, three masked men with guns broke into a Radio Soleil relay
station after midnight, saying they were looking for documents. After damaging a
jeep and searching the premises, they departed. This was probably a government
attempt to intimidate the staff of the outspoken Catholic station.)
28 July 1984 Pakistan: Afgban Guerrillas Killed in Bomb Blasts
In Peshawar, a car bomb went off in front of the headquarters of the Afghan
guerrilla group Hezbe Islami, killing four and injuring at least 12 Afghans and
Pakistanis. The attack apparently was intended to kill the leader of the group, who
was supposed to be in the building at the time. A second bomb exploded the same
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GI TR 84-018
23 August 1984
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day in Parachinar on the Afghan frontier, killing six persons and wounding 29. A
third blast occurred in Chitral inside a college hostel, but no casualties were
reported. No one claimed responsibility for the attacks, but Hezbe Islami blamed
the attack on Soviet agents and said it would attack Soviet embassies, including
the one in Kabul, and Afghan missions abroad in retaliation. n
Early August 1984 Israel: DFLP Executes Kidnaped Soldiers
In a communique, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
claimed responsibility for kidnaping and executing two Israeli soldiers on the West
Bank. ~~
Lebanon: Christian Hostages Released
George Sursouk and Rudolph Polkovic, who reportedly were kidnaped by the
Hizballah on 27 July, were released as a result of efforts by Amal leader Nabih
Barri and former President Camille Shamoun.
Pakistan: Japanese Diplomat Released
A Japanese diplomat was released in Pakistan by Afghan guerrillas, apparently
after a ransom was paid. The diplomat had been kidnaped on 22 June by three
Mujahedin resistance fighters who jumped into his car while he was driving on the
outskirts of Kabul. ~~
2 August 1984 Lebanon: Tawhid Leader Assassinated
In Tripoli, Ismat Murad, a leading official of the Iranian-backed Tawhid militia
(Islamic Unification Movement) was assassinated by unidentified gunmen. The
attack sparked artillery clashes between Tawhid militiamen and members of the
Syrian-backed Arab Democratic Party. Clashes occur almost daily in the Tripoli
area as various militias vie for territory. n
3 August 1984 India: US Consulate Bombed During Protest
In Calcutta, three bombs exploded near the US Consulate during a demonstration
organized by activists of the ruling Congress Party. The demonstration was
prompted by reports that militant Sikhs had showed disrespect to the Indian
national flag at the Los Angeles Olympics. Six policemen and one civilian were
slightly injured.)
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Ethiopia: Release of German Hostages
In Tebo, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPCA) released two West German
aid workers kidnaped in Sudan in May. The SPCA released the two without a
ransom payment, but is demanding a large ransom to free four employees of a
French company still held hostage. The SPCA is apparently differentiating
between foreign aid organizations and foreign firms it believes are exploiting the
southern Sudan.~~
4 August 1984 Iran: Attempt on Dawa Party Leader
In Tehran, Sayid Bakr Al-Hakim, a prominent leader of the Iraqi Dawa Party,
and three of his bodyguards were wounded by unknown gunmen,
5 August 1984 France: New Group Responsible for Bombings
A new group named the Breton Republic has been linked to two explosions in one
evening. Near Toulouse, an explosion destroyed a pylon supporting ahigh-voltage
line. In a separate incident near Aarzon, an accidental explosion injured a young
Breton as he tried to plant a bomb next to an electrical transformer. A poster
found in his bag bore the inscription: The Breton Republic.~~
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6 August 1984 Spain: Attempted Shooting of Kuwaiti Businessman
In Marbella, gunmen claiming allegiance to the Islamic Jihad Organization shot
and killed one man and wounded another in an attempt to shoot a Kuwaiti 25X1
newspaper owner who escaped uninjured. Police believed the motive for the attack
may have been the newspaper's support for Iraq in the Persian Gulf war. ~~
Pakistan: AI-Zulfikar Members To Be Executed
In Lahore, three members of the terrorist group Al-Zulfikar were found guilty and
sentenced to death by a military court for murdering a police officer in Rawalpindi
in December 1982. ~
7 August 1984 Spain: Terrorist Killed in Shootout With Police
In Dyarzun, a suspected member of ETA was shot and killed and two other
suspected members were wounded in a shootout with police.)
Iran: Airliner Hijacked to Italy
An Iranian A300 Airbus carrying 304 Bahraini and Iranian pilgrims from Tehran
to Jidda was hijacked over Iran by two armed men claiming to be anti-Khomeini
Mujahedin. The two hijackers wanted to go to Paris, apparently for political
asylum, but French authorities denied permission for the plane to land. After stops
in Bahrain and Egypt, the plane eventually landed in Italy, where the hijackers
were persuaded to release the remaining passengers and surrender.
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Switzerland: Explosion at Justice Minister's Residence
Near Zurich, a bomb exploded outside the residence of Swiss Justice Minister
Rudolf Friedrich. The blast caused some damage to the house but Friedrich, who
was in the house, was not injured. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the
incident, which was the first attack in Switzerland against a federal minister.
Israel: Pipe Bomb Explodes in Jerusalem
A pipe bomb exploded near a monument in an East Jerusalem neighborhood. No
casualties were reported. No group has claimed responsibility.n
Lebanon: Iranian Embassy Rocketed
In West Beirut, unidentified attackers launched arocket-propelled grenade at the
Iranian Embassy and exchanged gunfire with embassy guards. Two guards were
wounded in the attack. This attack could have been conducted by leftist splinter
groups in retaliation for a similar attack on the Soviet Embassy in Beirut by pro-
Iranian Hizballah members on 20 July.n
7-8 August 1984 South Africa: ANC Attacks
In Durban, a large bomb destroyed an electrical transformer. The ANC probably
set the charge. Near Durban, a man accidentally killed himself while throwing
grenades at a police station. Nearby, police killed a similarly armed man during a
shootout; they reportedly believe he was an important figure in the ANC.n
8 August 1984 Spain: Protest Rioting
In Vitoria, several hundred youths smashed windows of cars, shops, offices, and
banks. Police cars were overturned and a tourist's car was set on fire by the youths,
who were protesting the killin of a suspected Basque separatist on 7 August
during a shootout with police.
France: Bombing of Tourist Office
In St. Jean-de-Luz, the French Basque separatist group Iparretarrak planted a
bomb which destroyed a tourist office and damaged nearby cars. There were no
injuries.n
Threats to US Personnel in St. Lucia
On the island of St. Lucia, the homes of two members of the US Coast Guard were
burglarized and their uniforms were shredded. The radical leftist Progressive
Labor Party may have instigated the burglaries to embarrass the current
government and to express opposition to Americans being involved, through the
US military assistance program, in St. Lucia's internal security.n
9 August 1984 Northern Ireland: Rioting Marks Internment Anniversary
Anti-British rioters hurled gasoline bombs, seized vehicles, and exchanged gunfire
with police and troops in Belfast, Londonderry, and nine other cities, marking the
13th anniversary of internment without trial for terrorist suspects. There were
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injuries, including one man hit by a plastic bullet. The internment policy was
discontinued in 1975, but supporters of the outlawed Provisional Irish Republican
Army (PIRA) use the occasion to protest the presence of British troops in Northern
Ireland. n '
Turkey: Bombing of Citibank
In Istanbul, unknown terrorists planted a bomb which exploded in front of the
Citibank building. There were no injuries and only minor property damage to the
bank. ~~
Mozambique: Rebels Kill Priest
In central Zambezia, rebels of the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO)
fired on a civilian vehicle, killing an Italian priest and three Mozambicans. Two
surviving Mozambicans were beaten and left for dead. RENAMO regularly
attacks civilian vehicles, and the government now frequently seeks to protect
civilians by making them travel in convoys escorted by the military.
Unfortunately, the government policy allows RENAMO to justify many attacks
aimed at terrorizing local and foreign civilians as attacks on legitimate military
targets.n
Spain: Bombing of Shipyard
In Cadiz, two bomb explosions at a shipyard destroyed offices but caused no
casualties. A suspected member of the GRAPO Commando "Jose Martin Luna"
claimed credit for the bombings, stating they were in support of Spanish shipyard
laborers who are fighting against modernization plans proposed by the Socialist
Workers Party. n
Belgium: Bomb at Zairian Embassy
In Brussels, a makeshift bomb exploded in a car parked in front of the Zairian
Embassy. There were no casualties and little damage. No group has claimed
responsibility, but the Libyan-backed National Movement of Congo j Lumumba
(MNC/L) and the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FLNC) are the
most likely culprits. The MNC L has carried out a bombing against the Kinshasa
re ime
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12 August 1984 Lebanon: Home of Former Prime Minister Attacked
In West Beirut, unknown attackers fired a rocket at the home of former Prime
Minister Shafiq al-Wazzan, causing material damage but no casualties.
13 August 1984 Jordan: Bomb Found Near US Diplomat's Home
In Amman, Jordanian police safely defused a bomb consisting of several hundred
grams of Soviet-made explosives near the residence of a US Embassy official. No
other devices were found in a subsequent search of US facilities and residences.
This incident follows the explosion of a bomb near an Embassy warehouse in
Amman on 3 Au ust.
France: Bombing at Train Station
In Lyon, members of ASALA claimed responsibility for a bombing in the Lyon-
Perrache train station that destroyed lockers, damaged a nearby shop, and injured
several people. French police, however, doubt ASALA was responsible.n
15 August 1984 Israel: Attempted Car Bombing in Jerusalem
Israeli police safely defused a bomb found in a car in West Jerusalem. At a press
conference in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon, Abu Musa, leader of the Fatah
dissidents, claimed his group had placed the bomb, intending to destroy the
headquarters of the Herut Party-the leading element of the Likud coalition. The
car was found several blocks away from the headquarters building. Abu Musa said
his group had decided to focus its operations on the occupied territories-
presumably the West Bank.n
Lebanon: Beirut Jewish Leader Kidnaped
In Beirut, Salim Jamus, a leader of the Beirut Jewish Community, was kidnaped
by unidentified gunmen. n
16 August 1984 Lebanon: Israeli Airstrike on Fatah Dissident Base
Israeli aircraft bombed a base of Abu Musa's Fatah dissidents near Barr Illyas in
the Bekaa Valley. Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens said the airstrike was not
related to Abu Musa's claim of responsibility for the attempted car bombing in
Jerusalem on 15 August, but was part of Israel's policy of striking terrorists
wherever they are located. This raid was the third Israeli attack on Palestinian
positions in Lebanon during the last two months. n
South Africa: Bomb Rocks Police Station
In Roodepoort, an explosion in the police administration building wounded five
policemen and caused extensive damage. The African National Congress (ANC),
which has attacked police stations in the past, probably was responsible.)
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17 August 1984 Spain: Palestinian Leader Wounded
In Madrid, Zaki Al-Hilu, reportedly a PFLP-SC commando leader, was seriously
wounded by two unidentified assailants who approached his car on a motorbike.
The Palestinian carried a South Yemeni diplomatic passport, although Aden's
Embassy in Paris claimed South Yemen has no knowledge of such a diplomat.
Spanish police speculate that the incident was a clash between Palestinian
factions, and the attack has prompted new calls in the Spanish press for stronger
action to control the easy access Arab groups have to Spain. In Rabat, a PLO
spokesman accused Israeli intelligence of conducting the attack.)
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