INFORMATION SUPPORT OF MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00798A000400040004-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 4
• Content Type: PAPER

Cii LEGIB
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INTFORI.ATION SIT PORT OF +.ArTAG ;.;:E^IT OF ,3CL N IFIC
AND TTBCF?1~ICAL P'ROGirESs
Prof. V. S. LIalov, D. Sc. (Too hnolo , )
All-Union Scientific and Technical
Information Centre(VNTITsentr)
tie
In present-day world,scientific and technical prog-
ress is the main factor of the intensified economic develop-
it
rent and exercises a tremendous stimulating influence on the
social and cultural development of ociety.:=~cie tiff c and tec h.-
nical progress is based on purposeful development of basic
and applied scientific research.But before the results of re-
search can have an impact on production ;processes in society, .-Whey taus t first serve as a basis for experimental design, pro-
ject elaboration and experi:ae:atal production of new and
sin industrial r. oaucts and processes, a.nd also for sae las u
preparatory stage to their large-scale industrial introductiorn.
entific and technical progress taus permeates all incc rcoi~-
nected links of the 'Tr. esearch-produc Lion't c cie, rnich trust be
therefore considered as parts of an integrated system. y'h.e goal
of the manageaent of scientific and technical development .s is
to attain maximum effectiveness of social production.
The objective function describing the process of
scientific and technical development includes .many arguments,
and , in the final analysis, t h.e task is to maximize -the total PM."
effect an s;:ite of certain restrain.ts(1ar 'eiy, l-j_mi tad resou
es).'.!'ile fulfilment of this complicated ask is possible onl,,f
i; there is a %,,ell or ani se~ m rta P. ment` n f sc
n~ti f,
e
c an
teclrnolon.crl development.
n~ ~t
n
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In the USSR and in other socialist countries with a
developed socialist economy,its scientific and technological
develops:lent is controlled on a balanced basis with due regard
for social as well as economic factors.
The management of scientific and technological progress
on a nation-wide scale involves solving a set of problems
gated in com;Aon system tcrms.These problems include,above all.,
the following:
--determination of long-term and short-term goals of
scientific and technological progress proceeding from the ge-
neral goals of economic and social development of society;
--identification of development trends of technology
and production for these long-term and short-term periods;
--determairiation of the potential of scientific and
technical progress and of the resources as well as of the
existing economic,social and political nature limitations;
---allocation of resources allotted for scientific re-
search and developTaent as well as for modernization of pro-
duction;
--drawing up and imnlernentation of the specific plans
of scientific and technological development at all levels of
national economy,
It. should be pointed out that for rnmage gent goals to be
achieved fe:_-dback is necessary,namely, cor_trol of how the ta.s'_:s
are fulfilled in terms of effectiveness indicators of social
production and of economic development- rates.
Cbvi 2C-4- u
entific. and tecLnologi:,,al develop-
ment and implementing these plans are inse^1ar_able from the
overall comprehensive process of r anagernent of the counte, iC
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social and economic development.~eparate branches of economy c
and regions of the country are regarded as subsystems of the
national economic system,and the management of their scienti-
fic and technological development--as a subsystem of the
nation-wide management of scientific and technical pro_;ress.
All these systems and subsystems must conform to General sys-
tems criteria.
For management of scientific and technological pro,lress
and,in particular,for the above tasks it is necessary to be
provided in good time with varied and sufficient information
about 6-he state of the system and the of 'ectiveness of mana-
gement both viewed as varying :frith timed
l`he overall task of management of scientific and
technical -,)ro:r-ress can be by way of convention divided into
two main. components:
1. Establishment and improvement of t ne creative basis
for scientific and technological development.
20Implementation of scientific and technological achi-
vements in production.
The former aspect includes the shaping of the trends
of researcli and development ; development, transformation and
organisation of new research and design institutions and
groups;provision of research technology and pilot plants;
training scientists and engineers as well as assistants and
ancillary personnel according to specialities and qualifica-
Lions required.In all these activities information s.'-Lould
transfer data about the results of the accomplished research
from one link to another, i. e. transfer data about the achieve-
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tnents of basic research--to research groups specializing in
applied research,data about the results of applied research--
to designers and planners,and data about new structures and
designs"-to specialists engaged in production0Lastly, on the
basis of information exchange between organisations belonging
to a similar subject profile,alternative decisions should be
taken:-:::hethzer to conduct a certain research project independ-
ently,or,instead,to "borrow" some results obtained by other
institutions and creative teams.
The second aspect involves planned adoption of new
technolo and advanced technolo ical processes, organisation
of the production of new industrial facilities, the cor_st::rr>?cti. .
of new enterprises and workshops ,preparation for the manufactu-
re of and develop-lent work on the fit' st series of new products,
and so on. Here,informaton about new plant and production pro-
cesses is used.Jit the same time scientific and technical and
technico-economic information characterizing the processes of
innovation and
roperties of new products acts as a feedback
for all :mares eraent units controlling scientific and techn.olo-
;ical development.
it should be pointed out that it is necessary to pro-
vide information support for all units
hensive plan of designing and adopting
the origination of the new idea to the
embraced by a compre-
new technology,--.fron
serial or mass product-
ion of the new product.Scientific and technical progress const
antly gives birth to new kinds of technical systems and d.evi-
cas,to their new types.A new t?pe,and especially a now ki.nd,of
technical system or device usually appears to become a rather
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stable category and to exist for a comparatively long time, even
though within. each type there is a continuous process of repla-
cing the existing models by improved ones. In each case inforzaati-
on should reflect all the elements of the "life cycle" of each.
type and model of commodity from conception to death, i . e, to the
time it is discarded.
Thus, information essential for management of scinntia is and
technological progress is of a complex nature and includes sci-
entific and technical, technico-economic and economic information.
Only integration of all these types of information ensures an
objective selection of management decisions. Hence, information
is one of the resources used in the management of scientific and
technological progress. It plays the role of an intermediary in
the interaction of all the links of the complex hierarchical
management system and in the assessment of the results of ma-
nagement.
The information sources for these )ur-)os-.s are forecasts of
long-term development of science and technology; information
about various plans, ranging from national five-year economic de-
velopment plans and
?l=ins for solving major scientific and techno-
logical problems down to the research plans of individual scien-
tific institutions,dAta on the resources of all the links of the
"research-production" cycle; information about specific results
of research and development projects, about discoveries and in-
ventions; data on industrial innovations including reports of
how the plans for the adoption of novelties have been f lfiiltid
Data characterizing the level of national science and technology
in comparison with that attained abroad are also essential.
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Naturally, the role played by individual types of informa-
tion i.s hot the same at different hierarchical levels and at
different stages of management of scientific and technological
development. ,~Or instance, data taken from scientific and technolo-
gical
forecasts are of great importance for long-term planning,
of
whereas in case current management of an enterprise these sources
are of lesser importance; scientific and technological information
is made intensive use of when drawing up forecasts and plans on the
nation-wide scale, or for a whole sector of economy when assessing
projects, making up plans of research and development and evalua-
ting the importance of the results obtained.
It should be pointed out that none of these information sou-
rces is homogeneous, i.e. none contains solely scientific and
technical or, say, economic information. Confining ourselves here
to documents received by centres of ;cientific and technical infor-
mation, we should like to point out that such documents, particu-.
?arly D reports, usually tell not only about subjects of
research and development and the results of the completed projects,
but also contain economic information about the resources of scien-
tific and technological development. By summing up the latter kind
of data in such reports one can obtain valuable data characteri-
zing the scientific and technological potential not only of sepa-
rate organisations but of the sectors of the national economy and
of the country as a whole. Consequently, this is a matter of how
to extract as much information as possible from scientific and
technical documents and to analyse and summarise it for management
of scientific and technological progress. The potential of the
system of scientific and technical information in this respect was
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underestimated for some time but now the first steps have already
been taken to fill the gap.
Automatic management systems (AMS) into which information
systems are incorporated as their specialized subsystems are a
good "catalyst" for promoting a more active use of the potential
of institutes and centres of scientific and technical information
for support of management processes. These subsystems develop
into information "data banks" which provide scientific and techni-
cal information to broad sections of scientific workers and spe-
,cia.lists en_-2 ed in prodcuction.They also suooly other]
AMS subsystems, above all management subsystems of research and
development projects, with data (including generalized ones)
essential for management purposes. In turn, data from other AIM
subsystems flow to the "data banks". Such "data banks" can be set
up at different :zanagement levels with varying degrees of enera-
lization(o1 reg_,.tion)of information provided for r anageinent.
Let us illustrate the use of an information "data bank" by
some typical problems in the management of scinetific and techno-
logical development.
Decision making on the establishment of a new scientific
institution. A proposal on this issue is usually submitted by an
all-Union ministry or a government body of a Union republic. To
make a decision at least the followng information should be
available:
-- the list of scientific institutions now engaged in resear-
ch on the range of subjects proposed for the new scientific esta-
blishment (inclidung not only the institutions aubordin.atedL to
the given management organ but also those located in the same re-
gion, on adjacent territories and in other regions of the country:
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--what resources (manpower, material and technical basis, t
etc) are available at these scientific institutions and to what
extent these resources are used for projects !w?thin, the subject
.range of the nroposcd new scientific institution;
Analysis of such information can lead, in particular, to
one of the following; decision alternatives:,
.--the establisJnent; of a new institution (in the given
field or region) is ,?esirable and possible;
--there is no need to set up a new scientific institution,
as there is rr_d;her scientific institution (or there are others)
concerned with the'same research subjects and possessing the
necessary resources for the development of work on the required
scale;
--it is advisable to boost work on the given range of subje-
cts in one of the existing - cientific institutions either by
granting it additional resources or by transferring to this
scientific institution units from other institutes and, hence,
by pooling the available resources.
A great deal of information essential for well---rounded
decision making can be extracted from the sources available to
institutes and centres of scientific and technical information
(data on the range of subjects of research of scientific insti-
tutions,etc.) and much--from materials of statistical accounts
(data characterizing the resources commanded by scientific
institutions).
2.Organizing work in elaboration of a new scientific or
no.ogicalproblem. The emergence of a new vitally important
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problem often necessztatcsa establishing a whole system of new
scientific and design teams. }scientific workers and other
had fi
specialists included in these teams often ^ve? previous experie-
nce with the new tasks and, consequently, are not acquainted
with the existing relevant scientific and technical information.
Such situations occurred in nnLcny countrie s for instance, at the
outset of the work in nuclear power engineering, at the first
stage in the development of digital electronic computers, in
shaping molecular biology as a new field of science, etc. In
such situations before-obtaining of the necessary information,
one has to identify the list of research fields and ,specialties
to be drawn upon in the formation of the new research teams,
',then this is done, the subsequent search of information about
R & D and D & D institutions and about scientific workers and
other specialists within the listed range of subjects is carried
out as described in the preeedin exari_)le.;.
3, Planning; ofR & D manpower training. In ,l_:nni ?, resear-~
ch manpower development through post-graduate course it is ne-
cessary to possess data both about the demand for scientific
workers of each speciality and about the available resources
for this purpose. Formal evaluation of the demand for scienti-
fic workers of a given speciality can be based on in the ratio
of holders of scientific de jre e s to the total number of workers
in the field. To evaluate the possibility of training the requi-
red number of scientists of the given speciality through post
graduate courses, one needs data on the composition of the
specialists with higher education in a certain group of special:,
ties with due account for the age factor, data on the potential
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scientific tutors of post -g;radua t e s 2 and data on the work-load
of potential scientific tutors, which is formally characterized
by the number of post-graduates per tutor. Obviously, one cannot
be guided by avcra;e indicators only; it is necessary to obtain
detailed data about each research institute and higher school
having a -)ost-?raduate course. vidently s in this case the ne-
cessary information can be extracted mainly from analysis of
statistical accounts, whereas the possibilities of the iconventr.-
onal sources of scientific and technical information are limited
in this respect. More examples dealing with preparation of mana-
gement decisions with the help c information ','data banks' could
be given by examining other numerous tasks of the management of
scientific and technological development.
Future integration of information "data banks" into a joint
automated network complete with high-speed communication channels
holds a great promise for enhancing the effective use of the sto-
re of data. This gives particular urgency to unifying the form of
storage of information and ensuring interaction and compatibility
of the "data banks" in the network.
Great importance is also attached to the search of effective
methods of extracting information from scientific and technical
documents and to the formation of the data base. Lastly, the
development of the new aspect of information activity will entail
some reorientation of the "philosophy" of people enga ed in ticidflt
fie and technical information scrvi_ce,accu toed. to concentrate
.
their efforts on information services to scientific workers and
specialists rather than on it ~r.,aati on a 7upport to .rn czaue:.ent. =-he
dcvelopi=.lent of this trend. :gay be expected to raise the l_ve;l of
activity and : ake ;iiore technical, facilities available to scien-
tific and technical. nfor::i tion :'crvice
ILLEGIB
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AIfD T ECNITICAL IITFOR ATION IN INSTRUTMii,E I'T MAKING
by V.M. Baibakovsky, Cand.Sc. (Techn,) ,
and V.A.Ruihladze,
Central Research Institute for Technical
and Economic Information in Instrument Making
(TSITII'TEIpriborostroeniya )
The supply of information to scientists, practitioners a.md
executives is based in the USSR, as in other scientifically arid.
industrially advanced countries, on treating scientific
ti.c)n work as a separs to field of endeavour _rya organizing tne.
noceCsary services an`. systems of scientific and technical i l?
formation along this line.
: national scientific and technical in_T.oraration system has
been created in the USSR, comprisingg a broad network of
all U i ~-
011, sect-oral and in ,er-sector_ai regional infor cation unit=
provide to t he mara ers, scientists, en;ine ers, techn~ eiaxa,
and s:i1led, workers all the scientific, ,ec! ni-cr~,l and econ, rr.i.
in?ormation they need about s ientific discoveries, development
trend in science and engineering, industrial processes, and.
up~-to-d,ate industrial knowhow. Ehaustive, reliable and timely
scientific and technical information today : s crucial for a
swift pace of the scientific and technologicc U.l pr op, res a and a
more efficient social production.
+ eeL oral systems of sc icsntifi.c and technical 4n?' crmation
occ.u"),v an ipo.rta Tip ;;dace in Lhe national information System.
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They do most of information servicing of the leading staff of
ministries and administrative departments, specialists at R1)
organizations, engineers and technicians, industrial workers
and employees.
Separate systems of scientific and technical information
have been sot up in all industries, in the fields of construc-
tion, communications, transport, agriculture and health service -
in conformity with the management structure of the Soviet na-
tional economy. Sectoral information centres are leading in these
activities.
The instrument making industry is a sector in which more
than 500 research and design organizations and industrial enter-
prises are operative. They develop and manufacture a wide spect-
rum of products - from small office equipment to n .lti-computer
information and coz puting complexes, used as hardware in au~;o-
mated management information systems of various kinds. The pro-
ducts of this industry are used in numerous and various sectors
of economy and are very essential for scientific and technolo-
gical progress.
In designing the sectoral system of instrument making in-
formation, the main thing was to choose for it such a rational
structure as would ensure meeting the multi profile information
needs of this industry. (Th.i.-, problem is typical of other
industries as well).
A broad network of infor: ation services is currently work-
-t.ng, in the field of instrument making - there are information
units at all 1R,&D and L .D institutions in this sector as well
i .,
r
?._. _, ,y and ,'.e,I.' T~1 enterprises
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Some of the information units of the main enterprises and
organizations were nominated "base organisations" to be respon-
sible for information services in the individual subfields of
the instrument mating industry with its wide variety of products.
The organizational structure of this sectoral info cation
system thus has three levels: lower- information units at orga-
nizations and enterprises, medium -- base information services
and higher. - she central information organ of this sector of
the economy.
This structure provides for a maximum use of the potentials
of all information systems within the sector through their co-
ordinated interaction in fulfilling the main tasks of information
works reference information services, tech.nico-economic analyses
of the surrent condition and trends of instrument mating, crea-
tion and dissamination of information materials, publicizing
the industry's latest achievements through mass media (press,
radio and TV) and also by holding all kinds of meetings, confe -?
rences and exhibitions.
For reference information seitivices to the ministry's staff,
as well as to specialists at R?--D institutes, I ,D organizations
and industrial enterprises, a sectoral reference information
file is used, which is made up of the reference infi}omation
collections of the central sectoral organ, the base organi-
zations and many other organizations and enterprises in the
field.
Five cyears ago an automated system of scientific and tech-
0 infor;-aation,called "Roforat", was created in the field
of instrume: t making and it has been successfully run over since,
considerably- enhancing the exhaustivity and speed of the re_feronct.
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information services. The designers of this system geared it
toa.the structure of the instrument making industry and embodied
in it a natural combination of conventional forms and methods
of information work and the modern ones involving the use of
electronic computers, business machines and communication media.
The build-up of the sectoral system of reference inf:ormatiou
services is oriented primarily at discharging the following
basic tasks:
- decentralized input of information into the systems
file ; for this purpose base information services are assigned
(by subject area) each responsible for the acquisition of ma-
terial within its subject area;
enhanced coordination of activities of all information
services within the sector, securing their smooth interaction
in supplying information to the users;
- a considerable rise in exhaustivity and speed of the
service, and introduction of a wider spectrum of services-, all
to be achieved with the limited technical facilities available.
The "Referat" automated system presently provides four
types of service:
- selective dissemination of information, monthly alerting
the system's users to new accessions on the basis of their
standing interest profiles;
- a question-answering service, based on retrospective
searches coverin ; the entire information holdings of the system;
- production of data bases for narrowly specialized infor-
mation retrieval systems (in various subgields of instrument
c ,e data bases are furnished with information search-
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ing tools; and
- issuing bulletins of abstracts (each issue carries and
alphabetic keyworks index, allowing multi-aspect information
searches to be conducted).
To carry on the above services one does not need to keep
a compete centralized collection of primary documents in the
field. A data base of secondary documents (texts), for example,
bibliographic entries plus abstracts or annotations~is quite suf-
ficient. A data base of this king has been maintained at the
TSNII ;;, riborostroeniya Institute since 1968. At the moment it
includes more than 700,000 abstracts of journal articles, books,
theses , R&:D and D&D progress reports, catalogues, standards
and norms as well as specifications to patents, author's certi-
ficates, inventions and innovator's proposals.
The overall economic effect from introducing automated STI
systems is hard to estimate because we do not know how to quanti-'
fy the effect of heightened service exhaustivity and speed. `r/hat
can be computed so _far is the gain from less time being spent by
specialists in information searching, a cheaper service and Ure-
vented duplication of effort. For the "Referat" system, for
example, this effect alone amounts to several millions roubles
every year. It should be emphasized that the organizational and
technological structure of the "Referat" seems to have been
desighed very efficiently; the extent of automating and mechani-
zing information stora e, retrieval and output, has been chosen
happily, as witnessed by the fact that the design concepts of
the "?Reforai" have been widely adopted since in building
sectoral information systems in the various sectors of econorr;X.
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Introduction of service fees is a major factor in raising
the efficiency of information systems.
Soviet information organs are now changing over to the prin-
ciple of cost-efiectiveness and cost-accounting. In this connec-
tion, the TSNIITEipriboxostroeniya institute began in 1973 to
provide reference and information services to its corporate users
on a contract basis. In such contracts the sets of ;services to
be rendered by the Institute are se(. down as weli as the patron's
subscription fees that reimburse the costs of the reference
informativn'service. The set of services inc..Ludeti selective
dissemination of informations restrospeetive on-demand searches,
supply of al.. .rinds of reference data, copying of documents, etc,
The operational experience of the "peferat" system shows
that its popularity with the users is growing. For instance, in
1974 the number of subsori~)tions almost doubled over the 1973
figure.
Over and above on-demand document-based reference information
services, the instrument making information organs respond to
_Cactographic requests sent in by the users. More than 6,000 facto-,
graphic requests are answered every year by the central sectoral
information organ alone. As the automated information system in
instrument making improves and more experience with its practical
operation in accumulated, a second, updated version of the
"Referat" system is being developed, which will feature automa-
tic search of the document file for specified factographic data
as well as on-line user-system interaction.
A descriptor information language with grammar is used in
the "rteferat-211, which provides for a semantic processing of
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information. This language has enough semantic power to handle
both documentary and factographic information on the basis of
a computer-based Unified Sectoral Theasurus.
The system's software provides for flexibly varying the
search strategies. Eibliog.raphic d.atal descriptors and numeric
data are used as search characteristics. An essential extension
of the system's functions2 use of up-to-date technical facilities
(third generation computers, highspeed microfilm equipments com-
puter-controlled photocomposition and high-speed information
transmission) will provide favourable conditions for further
advances in information services to scientists and engineers,
and be a powerful leverage in more efficient management of scienti-
fic research and of the development of novel technology in the
industry.
As far as the outlook for automated sectoral systems is
concerned, special attention shoui.d oe given to their worxing in
conjunction with sectoral management systems as well as with
those or the all-Union information org n s. Interaction (exhhange
of machine-readable information) is sure to raise service speed
and exhaustivity and save the input effort.
Computerization allows an efrective a v:tsion of functions
among the individual services and systems emoraced by the natio-
nal-information system. in this way optimal conditions for the
entire system operation are created through elimination of dupli.-
uate engineering and intullectual effort, xne existing sysLum
of scientific and teuunioal information In the USSR proceeds
precisely from the principle of dividing the subject areas and
functions among the information organs.
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VWW
Analytical reviews and surveys are also a very important
means to step up the scientific and technological progress in
the various sectors of the national economy.
Surveys and the life materials are necessary for science-
based decision making in planning assignments for research and
development on new instruments and automatic deviccs, in al.o-
cating material,labour and money resources to be spent on develop-
ing special research institutes and design bureaux, and in plan-
ning the industry's output and product-mix.
Regular analyses and summaries of scientific and technical
information about the latest advances in the world's science,
tachnology and industry are an absolutely necessary element for
building up an efsective system of economy management. This acti-
vity produces a foothold for solving the problem of information
services for the managerial bodies at difierent hierarchical
levels in the industry, which is a major problem in developing
the sectoral information system.
Collecting, storing and publishing scientific and tecluiical
i formation about industrial equipment and manufactured products
Is a further important task of the sectoral information system.
The speed and quality of this information largely determine the
rates of introduction of new technologies and new scientific and
technological standards of production, and hence, also the product
quality, output and pace of the scientific and technological
progress.
For several years now the T'SNIITEIpriborosteroeniya has been
publishing a special catalogue of "Instruments, Automation Means
:3d. Ma,na.gemont Systems", at present comprising more than 7,uOO
catalogue entries of products manufactured by the instrument mak-
/_.; g industry.
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9.
A catalogue of products of more than 2800 foreign companies
and corporations has been compiled, totalling over 17,000 items.
It provides for swiftly supplying to users in instrument making
and in other economy sectors, information about foreign industrial
equipment and products.
In order to enhance the supply of information about the pro-
ducts of the instrument making industry, enhance the quality and
reduce publishing times, the institute has unified its informa-
tion and reference-cataloguing publications. Specifical.Ly, a
standard for "cataloguing Data on Instruments, Automation Means
and Management Systems" has been drawn up, the first of its kind
in the USSR.
For the second version of the automated "Referat" system
a complete automation is envisaged of the processes of production
and dissemination of bibliographic, abstracting and nomenclature
information.
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:3a.sic Trends in Raising the Efficiency and Further
Development of the State System of Scientific and
Technical Information in the USSR
The State System of Scientific and Technical Information
in the USSR is made up of interacting specialized, sectorial,
regional (intersectoral) and national (in the Union and
Autonomous republics of the USSR) systems of scientific and
technical information; all these systems have common goals,
uniform organizational principles and compatible linguistic
tools, software and hardware.
The specialized organizations, both state (government)
and public (non-government), comprising the State System of
Scientific and. Technical Information provide a rapid informa-
tion support to all ca ~e or os of users in 'compliance with
their information requirements and in the form most convenient
to the users, either in the Russian language or in any natio-
nal language of the USSR.
A timely supply to enterprises, organizations, administrat-
ive agencies and individual scientists and other specialists,
of the scientific and technical information they need, and
an efficient use of this Information, promote the development
of up= to=date technological processes and new machineries;
this is a decisive' condition for accelerating the pace of sc .en--
tific and" t-cchnological progress. Scientific ' knowledge and
scientific and technical information have now become a major
national resource of the, USSR.
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2.
The :hate System of Scientific and Tec}-,nical Information
at Present comprises 10 all--Uriian, 86 central sectoral and
15 republican institutes, as well as 90 intersectora.l regional
information centres and more than 10,000 information depart-
'nients and bureaux at industrial enterprises and organizations.
In addition, about 60,000 special scientific and technical
libraries work in concert with all these information bodies.
The total manpower in the State System of Scientific
and Technical Information now exceeds 150.000 persons, and
national reference information holdings of the system
is comprised of almost 2,000 million documents. The orfg;aniza--
ti?nal structure of they State System of Scientific and Tech-
nical inforraa.tinn and the functions of i tts individual units
(STI agencies) have been described in detail by V.A. Krasnov,
in his report "State System of Scientific and Technical Infor--
mation in the USSR", so, with your permission, I shall not go
into this matter here.
What are the lines along which we are planning to improve
our information system in the coming years?
Organizationally, this system reflects the national
system of economy management,as it is now taking shape in
the country . As the management system becomes more and more
perfect, the STI system, in getting adapted to it, is bound
to change. For example, as industrial, research=and=production
and re ;iona.l associations are being set up in the USSR, infor-
mation agencies of a new kind are created under their aegis,
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each intended tosErve a group of enterprises and organizations
incorporated in the association concerned. This development
implies a big rise in information service standards and provides
an. ML)port-wu.,try for more pinpointed specialization of service.
The need is ripe now for introducing into the structure of
the State STI system one more level of STI agencies, namely
that of basic nondepartmental sectoral organs, intended to
coordinate the activities of the individual groups of existing
sectoral STI agencies.
This need springs from the fact that many of the existing
central sectoral STI agencies 'are basically departmental rather
than truly sectoral bodies.
For example, in the field of machine-building there are
as many as twelve se ct oral information agencies, in chemistry
there are six such agencies, etc.
These new %basic services keep common reference information
files for the benefit of departmental sectoral services affi-
liated to them. This additional structural level is needed also
in conjunction with the efforts towards automation of the STI
system and creation of interconnected automated networks. These.
are two drastic and essential innovations that are bound to be
gradually put into effect.
Work has been going on in setting up new intersectoral
territorial ST:L centres, which have been very efficient in
disseminating the latest developments in science and technology
and up=to=date industrial know-how among all enterprises, irre-
spective of their departmental affiliations, By the end of
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1980, the} network of intersectoral territorial STI agencies is
to be completed.
Especial attention will be paid to the setting; up of STI
departments (bureaux) at industrial enterprises, R&D and D&1)
organizations .
z;. s the scientific and technical :information needs of
scientists, specialists, industrial operators and managers
continue steadily to grow, the reference information activities
of the information or a.ns will have to be upgraded continually,
too P
miss emanation of printed. information materials as the
chief vehicle of mass=scale: information supply, if not supple-
mented by other, more up-to=date forms of reference information
service, such as selective dissemination of information, even
at the pro cex t ti.nio proves inadequate to these tasks.
Selective dissemination of information provides for accurate
exhaustive and timely supply of pertinent information. It
has been highly appreciated by users in science and industry and
is to be further promoted.
Now sources of information have appeared in recent years,
such as 3&D and D&D progress reports, scientific and technical
translations and other documents. They have enriched the refe-
rence information files of information agencies due to larger
stock of materials and their wider coverage, and this makes it
possible to broaden the spectrum of information services rendered
on the basis of these files.
Special importance, is given today to analysis and genera
zation of information stored. On this basis, essentially new in-
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formation is generated in support, of a substantiated decisions
made by the managers of various administrative units, heads of
development projects, st ecialis'cs working in design and develop-
ment organizations and industrial enterprises, and scientists.
The main products of analysis and generalization of informa-
tion are analytical and comparative surveys, which give concise
and systennati.c information on, and scientific overviews cop the
current state, trends and development forecasts for the varioiA-.,:;
fields of scionc:e, technology or activity---:descri.ing in a nut-
shell all scientific or technological achievements over a cer.-
tai.n period of time and quite often even recommending so'Luti.on:
of t1 e problems concerned.
Demand for such survey materials is, very strong, and this
calls for boosting the development of the survey arid.. analytical
activities carried out by scientific and technical information
agencies .
There are plans for further stepping o "i; a l'o is o
scientific and technical information organ, in preparing and
supplying to planning; agencies, mini. ;tries, administrative depart-
ments, managerial staff of industrial enterprises and organiza-
tions, information about major Soviet and foreign achievements
in science, technology and production, to be taken into account
in drawing up and discussing the plans for the development of
the national economy and of its individual sectors, enterprises
of organizations .
This information is presented by the scientific and techni-
cal information agencies in the form of annual reports in ; the'
periods when such plans are being drafted and discussed.
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6.
A timely supply of information on equipment and products
intended for industrial consumption, as produced or planned for
production by the USSR industries, is a major prerequisite for
an' adequate elaboration of projects of new enterprises or moder-
nization of existing; ones, and for upgrading industrial processes
and raising labour productivity.
Machine"building ministries already embarked on annual
issuance of catalogues of serially produced equipment and of
equipment envisioned for output in the coming year ;thoy "ISO x~Nvidc'
timely information on discontinuation of manufacturing outdated
models., In the coming :Give=year period, this information will
encompass the entire nomenclature of the national industrial
output.
Steps will be also taken to promote notification about
equipment planned for production and about modifications intro-
duced into designs and parameters of the products being manure.
factured.
More efforts is being spent to improve patent information
supply to the national economy and to perfect the use of infor-
mation files which are being set up in various sectors of natio-
nal economy. and in Soviet republics.
Special measures will be taken to improve the efficiency
of local information servi ces,such as local information depart-
ments or information bureaux at enterprises, and at R&D and D&D
institutes. After all, the efficiency of the nationwide scien-
tific and technical information ,system depends on their success-
ful operation. When such a department or bureau fails to supply
timely and selective information, this means that a large portion
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r
of information channelled in through all=Union, central sectoral
or territorial information agencies will. remain outside the
specialists' field of view or got to them too late. All the vast
and. expensive endeavour in collecting, processing, storing and
dissom.,Sri,att;infcscientifie and technical information is justified
only if the information materials ultimately get across to the
scientists, specialists, workers, industrial innovators and
managers
Due attention is paid to the system for transmission and use
of scientific and technological results on the basis of intersec-
toral information. The economic effect of scientific and techno-
logical innovations adopted from information materials and intro-
duced into practice has been. estimated at an annual Sum of Several
hundred million roubles counting only data actually covered by
:ce e o rd a .
By developing and improving only the conventional forms and
the manual methods of information service it is in principle im-
possible to drastically raise the efficiency of the State System
of Scientific and Technical Informmation. The scientific and
technological progress contributes to a continually shortening
of the time lag between a discovery and its industrial implemen-
tation, so that for some products the lag is now as short as s:i_x.
months'. In such a, situation, greatest successes are scored by a
country which-is capable of using the latest achievements in
science and. technology in a shortest possible time. What users
today actually need is on-line information.. And this problem
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can be solved only through automation and mechanization of infor.??
mation processes involved in data gathering,, processing storage
and disseulinatiors.
Beginning from 197G, automated STI systems are to be created
in the USSR as multi-purpose systems featuring one=time informa-
tion input and based on hardware complexes designed for the i.nfor-
suati on ftgenr.:i.es of various levels -- sets of computers, rirtforrrta-
Lion receiving,; and transmit'jn.g_, units , and microfilm.- ;l copyi_;.n,tg,
storage, retrieval and output devices..
As a result of the completion of I,espective research and
development projects in the current five=year period and intro-
duction of their results into industry, more than 30 major autoina.---
ted STI systems, based on second and third generation computers,
are being run ex perirmen.tally and commercially as component sub-
systems of the automated management rays tems at various levels
how under development in the Soviet Union.
Experience gained with the use of these systems for reference
information services and the advances in theoretical and applied
research in the STS files will constitute a solid base for design-
ing automated information systems and promoting their basic com-
ponent subsystems 'and units up to standard design modules and con-
cepts, based on a. large-scale application of third generation
computers and of the up=to=date facilities for an allround mecha.-
nizat-ion of -information processes.
In the corning few years, still more will be done to develop
automated STI systems and to provide a large=scale, exchange
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9.
of machine readable information between them,
The structure of the State -System of Scientific and
Technical Information and the available know =how in develop-
ment of specialized, sect oral and republican automated systems
of scientific and technical information have provided a neces-
sary springboard for a transition from development and intro-
duction of individual automated systems to building up a net--
work of interconnected automated centres of scientific and
technical information. This network is to be incorporated in
the Stater-wide Network of Computing Centres equipped with most
offigi.ent computers of the Unified Computer. System operating
in a timesharing mode, furnished with input=output devices
connected to high-speed communication channels and a ramified
network of terminals and conjoined with the automated manage-
ment systems at respective levels,
Initially this network is to encompass the all=Union and
several of the central sectoral and intersectoral regional
scientific and technical information agencies; other informa-
tion organs will get connected to the network gradually, as
automated scientific and technical information systems will
be created in them and the appropriate communication channels
will be placed at their disposal.
Such a network will make it possible to improve the
standard of information service offered users independent of
their departmental affiliation and geographical location,
raise exhaustivity and drastically reduce,: access time, eliminate
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10.
wasteful duplication in information ctor. a ;e and processing and
enlarge the contingent of system users.
Soviet participation in intearnational cooperative projects
in the information field will be promoted., which will work as a
further major factor in raising the efficiency of the State
System of 8cient,i.fic and Technical Information.
The Soviet Union takes an active part in the development
of an international system of scientific and technical i.nfor;na-
tion of the CH ,"A countries and of an International Centre for
Scientific and Technical. Information as its component part.
Along this line, a series of specialized and sectoral. informa-
tion systems are to be developed and implemented. More than
30 Soviet information bodies are taking part in this endeavour.
On the-basis of bilateral agreements, partnerships in the
field of scientific and technical information will be promoted,,
in particular with the USA, Britain and Prance. Multilateral
cooperation in the framework of various governmental and non-
governmental international organizatidns in scientific and
technical information has been expanding, first and foremost,
in connection with the project of a World System of Scientific
and Technical Information (UNISIST).
I{ `Tur. t anon
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 STAT
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