ALL-UNION CONFERENCE OF DIRECTORS OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION ORGANIZATIONS OF THE USSR MINISTRY OF ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

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• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 21, 2011
• Sequence Number: 190
• Publication Date: November 21, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
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COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
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LANGUAGE
Moscow
Dec 1948
Russian
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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'SOURCE
Elektricbeskiye Stantsii, No 12, 1948, pp 6-16,
ALL-UNION CONFERENCE'OF DIRECTORS OF CONSTRUCTION
Affil INSTALLATION ORGANIZATIONS OF THE USSR MINISTRY OF
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
The All-Union Conference of Directors of Construction and Installation Or-
ganizations, convoked by the Ministry of Electric Power Plants, met on 1 - 3 De-
cember 1948 at the Engineer's and Technician's Club imeni Dzerzhinskiy at Moscow.
D. G. Zhimerin, Minister of Electric Power Plants USSR, opened the conference
and directed the proceedings. The conference was attended by construction chiefs
of steam-power plants, hydroelectric power plants, electric power networks, con-
struction chiefs for peat enterprises, managers of construction trusts and power
systems, leading workers of the vain administrations, and heads of departments)
of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants -- more than 400'in all.
The following persons participated in the conference: A. S. Pavlenko, Vice-
Chairman of the Bureau for Fuel and Transport of.the Council of Ministers USSR;
I. M. K1ocl}kov, Vice-Chairman of the State Planning Committee; 'A. I.'Drobyshev,
I. I. Dmitriyev, M. S. Smirnov, and A. F..Bausin, Deputy Ministers of Electric
Power Plants USE,. ; D. V. Yefremov, Deputy Minister of the Electrical Industry USSR;
I. L. Mitrakov, P'3puty Minister of the Building Materials Industry; A. G. Zhukov
from the Moscow Committee of the VKP(b) (All-Union Communist Party); V. V. Vin-
shnyakov from the Moscow State Committee of VKP(b); A. S. Fodus'AAkin, chairman of
the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Electric Power Plant Workers; V. P.
Varlsanov, Chairman-'of the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Peat Industry
Workers; S. A.. Spirin and I. T. Novikov, members of the Board of the. Ministry of
Electric Power Plants; Academician A. V. Vinter, Vice-Chairman of the Technical
Council of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants,- and others.
The conference was convoked to consider the results of capital investment in
building power?plants, electric networks, and peat enterprises in 1948 and measures
for promoting construction of such enterprises in 1949. D. G. Zhimerin, Minister
of Electric Power Plants USSR, gave a report on this subject.- Le called attention
to the great work accomplished by Soviet power engineers for the rehabilitation
and. development of power economy under the postwar Five-Year Plan. The instateled
capacity of power plants at the end of 1948 was 25 percent greater than before the
war, while the production of electric power was 32 percent greater. Even in 1946
the Soviet Union was the second greatest producer of electric power in the world,
surpassing England, France, and many other countries.
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The Minister went on to say that the construction of new plants and rehabil-
itation of regional plants wrecked during the Great Patriotic War had been carried
on and placed on a new technical footing by utilizing high-pressure steam, by ex-
tensive automatization of installations, etc.
The introduction of the latest engineering techniques and realization of a
number of important reconstruction measures in restoring the wrecked plants has
had a favorable effect on technical and economic factors, has released personnel,
and eliminated the gap between turbine and boiler power, he said.
Zhimerin. then point-ed out that, on the whole, according to the Ministry of
Electric Power Plants, the power of regional plants in areas which had been oc-
cupied during the war had recovered 85 percent of the prewar level -- in many
cases 100 percent. However, he said, compared with other branches of the na-
tional economy, the development of power engineering could not be called out-
standing. There has been a lag in new installed capacity. As a result, defi-
cits in the Urals, the Central Industrial Region, and in Kharkov had not been
made up, he stated.
In 1948, the Minister continued, considerable progress had been made in the
construction program and better results had been obtained than in the whole post-
war and prewar,period. During 10 months of 1948, 98 percent of the investment
capital was utilized and 94.3 percent of the construction and installation work
was accomplished, he said. Nevertheless, the lag in constructing electric plants,
networks, and peat enterprises was not eliminated, he stated.
The Minister severely criticized the work of the construction organizations
under the various main administrations, namely Glavenergostroy (Main Adminiktra-
tion for Power Plant Construction), Glavelektroset'stroy (Main Administration for
Electric Power Network Construction), Uralenergostroy (Ural Power Plant Construc-
tion Trust), and the Yaroslav and Gor'kiy trusts for the construction of peat en-
terprises; the construction trusts of the Nizhne-Turinsk GRES (State Regional
Power Plant), the Southern Kuzbass GRES, the Smolevich Trust, the Nesvetay GRES,
and others.
The lag on these and other construction organizations, the Minister said,
was intolerable inasmuch as they had on hand all the necessary equipment and
materials.
Zhimerin stated that one of the chief causes of this unsatisfactory state
of affairs was that the directors of these construction works underestimated the
importance of mechanization and proper organization of work.
The Minister cited many instances proving that Glavenergostroy, Glavelek-
troset'stroy, Mosenergostroy (Moscow Power Plant Construction Trust) and Ural-
energostroy, had increased their motor fleets 2.8 times and their excavators 2.74
times in 1948; instead of the 12 cranes they had in 1940, they now possessed 75,
together with a large supply of construction machinery. Glavgidroenergostroy
(Main Administration for Hydroelectric Power Plant Construction) also had several
times as many motor vehicles in its fleet as well as tractors and excavators, he
continued.
The construction organizations of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants,
Zhimerin said, were also well equipped with automobiles, tractors, excavators,
cranes, locomotives, dumpcarts, compressers, etc. Nevertheless, the use of this
equipment was unsatisfactory and the existing standards for utilizing it were too
low, Zhimerin stated.
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The Minister continued as follows:
There was even a serious lag in mechanization of construction by`neiicor=
strnction organizations: the Gor'kiy GES (Hydroelectric Power Plant; manager,
Yurinov), and the Kama GES (manager, Sarkisov). Unless this situation were cor-
rected, it would not be possible to implement the still more important construo-
ticn program for electric power plants, networks, and peat enterprises in 1949.
Zhimerin went on to describe the program for 1949:
Investment funds were expected to be 40 percent greater than in 1948, the
volume of construction and installation work 36 percent larger. A 46-percent
increase was planned for the number of new boiler installations, and a 13-percent
increase in superhigh -voltage transmission lines. For peat enterprises, the plan
called for opening up new fields for seasonal peat extraction amounting to
1,140,000 tons (13-percent increase). Residential areas were to be increased 51
percent by the addition of 315,000 square meters.
The Minister stated that special stress was laid on increasing the capacity
of the Moscow, Ural, Southern, and Leningrad power systems. ^ larger amount of
capital for investment, he continued, would be made available to important con-
struction agencies, among others, the Slchekin Electric Power Plant, Nizhne-Turin
GRES, Leningrad GES No 2, Southern Ural GRES, Southern Kuzbass GRES, and the Kama,
Irtysl., and Upper Siberian hydrostations, and others.-
Zhimerin emphasized the necessity of starting work in the very first days of
1949, the need for productive work during the winter, and the urgency of making
available to all construction agencies of the Ministry of Electric Power Plauts a
sum for investment during the first 3 months of 1949 at least 7.5 percent greater
than in the last 3 months of 19148.
The speaker then commented on the great importance of supplying building ma-
terial, providing well developed plans for the utilization of equipment by trained
workmen, preparing building plans and estimates, and eliminating turnover in per-
sonnel. .
The Minister went on to say that for complete fulfilment of the 1949 plan,
it would be necessary for the Ministry of Electric Power Plants and its main ad-
ministrations to take over control of the chief construction programs and provide
daily assistance to them.
"The construction and installation organizations of the Ministry of Electric
Power Plants," said Minister Zhimerin, "passed through a hard, but glorious period
during the war years. The staffs of construction and installation experts are
composed of devoted people who have mastered engineering techniques and who were
brought up on organizational work. Hence, there is reason to assume that the im-
portant task laid on them by the Party and government -- the task of ensuring the
introduction of new installed capacity at power plants, networks, and peat enter-
prises amZf,,guaranteeing an outstanding development in power engineering -- will
be honorably executed."
The report was discussed by 45 participants in the conference, including the
following: Rogovin, Construction Chief of the Stalinogorsk GRES; Tarasov, Director
of Sevenergostroy (Northern Power Plant Construction Trust); Pozharov, Director of
the Chirchik Construction Trust; Kri'vonishchenko, Construction Chief of the Nizhne-
Turinsk GRES; Semichastniy, Director of Donbassenergostroy; Naymushin, Construc-
tion Chief of the Niva GES; Yudin, Construction Chief of the Southern Ural GRES.
Also, Chernyak, Director of Lentorfostroy (Leningrad Peat Enterprise Construc-
tion Trust); Kalizhnyuk, Manager of the Sochi GES Construction Trust; Tenditnikov,
Director of Sibenergostroy (Siberian Power Plant Construction Trust); Sarkisov,
Construction Chief of the Kama River GFS; Polyakovskiy, Director of the Uralenergo-
stroy Trust; Dolina, Director of Donbassenergo (Donbass Power System).
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Also Grobokopatel', Chief Engineer of Mosenergostroy; Yurinov, Construction
Chief of the Gor'kiy GES; Marinov, Director of Sverblovenergo (Sve-rdlovsk Power
System); Kruglyakov, Construction Chief of the Frunze TETs (Heat and Power Plant);
Gurvich, Chief Engineer of TEP (State Trust for Steaui-Electric Power Planning);
Nosov, Manager of Glavgidroenergostroy; Straupe, Director of Lenenergo (Leningrad
Power System); Kreysberg, Manager of the Worker Cadres, Labor and Wages Section
of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants; Podushkin, Chairman of the Central Com-
mittee of the Trade Union of Power Plant Workers; Basilenko, Chief Engineer of
GIDEP (State Installation for Hydroelectric Power Plant Planning); Bondarev, Man-
ager of Glavenergostroy; and Chankotadze, Director of the Khram GES Construction
Trust.
Participators in these discussions pointed o'.it many defects in the organiza-
tion and progress of construction for electric power plants, networks, and peat
enterprises, as well as in planning and financing the undertakings. They noted
the lack of proper utilization of machinery and equipment and the need for timely
supplies of wood and other building materials.
They also criticized the planning organizations, especially TEP (Teploelek-
troproyekt, State Trust for Steam-Electric Power Planning), which had not yet re-
organized sufficiently to furnish supplies on time so that construction might be
speeded up and the work organized in accordance with the concrete conditions of
each area.
Many instances were cited of unsatisfactory work on the part of the main ad-
ministrations and departments of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants in managing
and assisting in the construction mentioned above.
Podushkin, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Power
Plant Workers, spoke on the development of socialist competition between construc-
tion collectives to ensure execution of the 1949 plan,improve the cultural and
living conditions of workers, and ensure proper working conditions for them.
The participants of the conference enthusiastically approved a letter to
Stalin promising that construction and installation workers would complete the
1949 plan for the construction of electric power plants, networks, and peat en-
terprises.
In closing the conference, Zhimerin said that +he conference had demonstrated
the great solidarity of the construction and installation collectives and their
desire to complete the 1949 plan.
On display in the Engineer's and Technician's Club imeni Dzerzhinskiy were
exhibitions of the achievements of the construction and installation organizations
and plants of the Ministry of Electric Power Plants. Demonstrations were given of
articles, instruments, new devices, and actual models of machinery for construc-
tion-installation work.
A large number of exhibits showed new methods of organizing construction and
installation and important achievements in the field of power plant construction.
REPORT TO TIM CONFERENCE BY A. M. DROBYSHEV,
DEPUTY MINISTER OF ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
The year 1948 was marked by improvement in the work of our construction and
installation organizations. ;his year we shell establish a new record for in-
stalled capacity. First of all, the plan for installing turbine power will be
fulfilled. Obviously, when ?.re reach the end of the year we shall have com}'leted
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the plan for construction and installation work and for investment of funds. Our
workmen and engineers have mastered the complex technology of setting up and oper-
ating boilers and turbines for high-pressure steam.
In 1948, Mosenergostroy completed its program of organization and outfitting.
The construction sections of this trust have been enlarged and are now able to
solve all problems laid before them.
By the end of June 1940, our Ural building was proceeding more rapidly, al-
though, admittedly, not rapidly enough. But, in spite of great shortcomings,
Glavenergostroy activities completed 30 percent more construction and installa-
tion work in 1948 than in 1947?
These results, however, are not sufficient to meet the problems before us
in 1949. I should like to spend a few moments on certain daily problems in our
construction work vhic.h have not received due attention.
As far as the problem of organizing the construction and installation work
is concerned, everyone stresses the importance and imperative necessity of pre-
paring working plans in good time. A recent check-up showed that Glavenergostroy
had prepared plans for only ten out of 25 of its construction projects; that Mos-
energostroy had plans for two out of six projects while a third (Shchekin GRES)
was in preparation. Not even one of the projects of Uralenergostroy had'a fin-
ished working plan.
Many people, unfortunately, believe that it is a good thing to prepare work-
ing and technical plans for organizing work but that it is not necessary to work
according to these plans. Consequently. we find frequent instances where the
working plans are made for their own sake, but work is carried out without refer-
ence to them.
Take, as an example, the construction work of the Aleksin TETs (Heat and
Power Station) of Mosenergostroy. Here, to carry on work during the winter, the
plan called for construction of bridges to maintain operation of the railroad
which brought in equipment for assembling boilers and turbines., Apparently, the
plans indicated this necessity very clearly. Nevertheless, an excavator was
brought in, trenches 8 to 10 meters wide were dug, the.tracks torn up, and. boiler
installations suspended. And this situation lasted several weeks. Evidently,
the directors of this trust knew about this situation and ag-'eed to it. Only
after the Minister's intervention was this shocking departure from the working
plan abandoned.
At least lZ months of the 3-month de.ay in installing the boilers in the
Aleksin TETs was due to this departure from the working plans.'
The construction work of the Southern Kuzbass GRES is another case in point.
A collective of 1,100 workers spent all last winter clearing away snow and deliver-
ing fuel and supplies.- It is evident from the account books that the construction
and installation work of this collective for the first 3 months of 1948 amounted
to a total of 443,000 rubles. In other voids, the customer paid for clearing
away snow under the item "Winter Work." Here again, becr se of a lack of an ele-
mentary construction plan, 2 million rubles were spent on temporary buildings
which must .low be demolished. The main guilt for this lack -)f plans must be as-
cribed to construction chief, Ivanov and the directors of the Sibenergostroy
Trust.
It is, as everyone knows, only through plans for organizing work that we can
introduce mechanization and modern methods in construction and installation. Var-
ious experiments along these lines bays been made by the Shchekin GRES and the
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Stalinogorsk GRES. But this seems to have exhausted our experiments in intro-
ducing assembly-line (conveyer) methods in spite of their favorable effect on
the work and the resulting economy of labor. Even superficial experiments
proved that they increased the productivity of labor more than 30 percent and
reduced the net cost 18 to 20 percent.
We have extraordinary conditions for the installation of assembly lines in
assembling boiler units. In some projects the initial installation calls for
eig:.t boiler units and five or six turbines, which provides a good reason for
using assembly-iine methods. The Nesvetayi GRES, for instance, has eight boilers
and four turbines.
Ponomarev, chief engineer of the Nesvetay Plant, and Ivanishchenko and
Fedoseyev, directors of Tsentroenergomontazh (Central Power Installation Trust),
have talked a great deal about assembly-line methods but have accomplished moth-
ing. In their own practical work, they c?ren managed matters so that it was
impossible to install an assembly line for 6 months. They could not find a bet-
ter place for the steam boilers intended for station heating than in the pulver-
izer space between the third and fourth boilers. This meant that no preparation
could be made for the conveyer belt until spring.
Let us give another example. We had had some experience in the Berezov
Plant in commercial production of prefabricated houses. This experience was im-
portant both because the parts of the houses were prefabricated in the factory
and because the ccnditions necessary for installing assembly-line methods were
present.
But what really happened? It is true that we of the Ministry erred in judg-
ment: instead of turning over the production of the Berezov Plant to one or two
areas, we divided it up among too many separate organizations. Consequently, it
was impossible to utilize assembly-line methods in these organizations and the
majority of the houses have not yet been erected. These organization problems
must be worked out both at the Ministry and on the spot by paying greater atten-
tion to the practical organization cf work. The Construction and Installation
Section attached to the Technical Department of the Ministry must be enlarged.im-
mediately and made the headquarters for the technical aspects of construction and
installation.
On the practical side, daily inspection should be instituted to ensure prep-
aration and use of working plans.
Let us now turn to the so-called "intraproject" planning.
Construction and installation are, obviously, very complicated undertakings
with constant, even daily, changes in volume and objective of work. To produce
a well-organized Soviet enterprise, the organization of the site 'itself and of
.the operations thereon must receive more attent16n than most localities give
them.
Recently the Ministry, the Central Committee of Trade Unions, and the editors
of Trud sponsored a Stakhanovite Tuesday on a report of Kruglyakov, construction
chief of the Frunze TETs. This project had received the transferable Red Banner
of the Council of Ministers for its output in the third quarter of 1948. Yet only
the year before -- from the first moment of its-existence -- it had always been
considered an inefficient one. Kruglyakov stated that-since the end of the past
year, the engineers and technical experts had concentrated on plans for organizing
work and, on the basis of these plans, had re-examined and revised all the technical
documentation for work in 1948. During construction they had made daily work
graphs expressed in physical volumes for sections, superintendents, foremen, and
brigades. There were graphs for all the main types of work. During construction,
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accounts were kept of consumption of materials, wages, and supplementary shop
services by sections, superirtendents, and brigades. This intraproject account-
ing and planning permitted the construction managers to regulate the progress of
the work day by day, and the results of this organization were soon apparent.
Meanwhile, in another project of the Moscow System, the Stalin TETs, no
working plans or accounts whatever were instituted. The result was that only
50 percent of the project was completed in 1L months and approximately 50 kopeks
were wasted out of every ruble spent for construction and installation.
The next problem, the importance of finishing the preliminary work in good
time, chiefly concerns putting the initially installed capacity into operation.
This requires a great deal of equipment, material, and workers, and considerable
technical documentation must be prepared. But this preliminary wort: is not being
done on time. Gurvich (chief Engineer of TEP) has vainly attempted to show that
the situation with regard to technical documentation is satisfactory. This is
not so.
Here we must establish the order of procedure as soon as possible. This
depends not alone on the Central Power Installation Trust, but, to a great ex-
tent, on our customer organizations, starting with the main administrations and
finishing with the rayon administrations. The order established must be such
that the working plans for every piece of work, for every object, especially for
the initially installed capacity, will be on the premises at least 6'months be-
fore work is begun. If this is not done, it is pointless to talk about comple-
ting work or tina.
Qualitative estimates must be made in good time for the preliminary work on
the new structures. These estimates must state the minimum requirements for tem-
porary living quarters, basic provisional productive installations, railroads and
highways, water supply, and sewers.
Of special importance for readying the initial installed units by the allo-
cated target date is the timely delivery of the essential equipment. Difficul-
ties in this respect are not'caused by equipment shortage but rather by poor
planning.
As a rule, about a month or two before starting up the boilers and turbines,
supplementary specifications and requirements not included in previous estimates
begin to arrive. For many boilers and urbines to be put in operation in 1949
there are still no specifications for the requisite amount of accessories, pipe,
and, in particular, for control and measuring instruments.
Obviously, our organizational personnel, from the director of a station to
the main administration, does not understand that the problem of outfitting should
be taken up at least 10-12 months, not 1-2 months, before the scheduled starting
date.
The magnificent plans for 1949 are extremely complex. Their execution will
demand an immediate improvement in the organization of production in all construc-
tion and installation work and in material and technical supplies and, above all,
in the Bolshevik spirit in all projects. There can be no doubt that construction
and installation collectives will take these tasks seriously and honorably dis-
charge their duty to their native land.
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REPORT TO THE CONFERENCE BY N. M. ROGOVIN,
CONSTRUCTION CHIEF, STALINOGORSK GRES
Before the Stalinogorsk GRES was erected in 1948' two main.tasks were set
before us: to complete installation of the basic capacity and to'ensure the re-
liable and continuous operation of power plants at full power. The solution of
these problems inevitably required the elimination of the disproportion between
the development of basic and auxiliary sections and the creation of necessary re-
serves.
Execution of these tasks resulted in the fulfilment of the year's plan for
construction and installation work by 15 October 1948. The :,ctual production ner
workman amounted to 116 percent of planned production. 'Construction up to 1 No-
vember 1948 amounted to an excess of 280,000 rubles over the estimated sum.
In 1948, the two last boiler units and the second high-pressure turbogenera-
tor with a power of 100.000 kilowatts were put in operation. This completed the
restoration of the Stalinogorsk GRES imeni Stalin and Lade it the greatest power
plant in the Soviet Union and Europe.
In addition, much was accomplished in extending all the auxiliary sections
of the GRES. All prerequi.ite conditions for.continuous service at the fall and
winter 1948-49 peak loads were likewise fulfilled.
Several problems of general interest in erecting other construction for. the
Ministry of Electric Power Plants arose during our experience in building the
Stalinogorsk GRES. The Stalinogorsk GRES was one of the first power plants in
the USSR to use high-pressure steam on a large scale. It is quite evident that
the construction collective of this plant has completely mastered the technology
of assembling high-pressure equipment. They are fully supplied with instructions
and tools, and the trained crews of engineers and technical. experts, brigades,
and qualified workmen have become thoroughly familiar with the necessary operations.
Consequently., no allowances on the score of familiarity with the work need be made.
High-pressure installations and, in particular, large boilers and turbines, can
and must be set up in approximately the same time- as medium-pressure installations.
However, there are still many instances of poor working methods on these pro-
jects. These methods must be eliminated in order to reduce the time and cost of
assembling high-pressure installations. The first step is mass production of
high-quality electrodes and welding rods without'which satisfactory welding of
high-pressure units cannot be realized. Furthermore, the plants of the Ministry
of Electric Power Plants must institute large-scale production of packing materials
(gaskets, etc.), Mechanical and chemical tests must be made on metal specimens.
For this purpose, each large assembly point should have field laboratories. To
improve the quality of welding, adjustments must be made in production; automatic
devices should be introduced for regulating welding and controlling the heat
treatment of welded joints.
A unique arrangement of equipment manufactured in our plants has been set
up in the Stalinogorsk GRES. It has been in operation fur an ade uate period to
be judged on its performance. Both the German Shikhau fwickau boilers and
the Soviet boiler made by the Taganrog Boiler Plant are operating sideby side in the,
boiler room of this GRES. The performance of the Shikhau boilers with a capacity
of 220 tons per hour was unsatisfactory and a maximum output of only 160 tons per
hour could be attained. They ?rere reconstructed before installation in tine GRES
and are now furnishing the?expecied power.
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On the other hand, the Taganrog Plant Soviet boiler went into continuous
operation with a boiler capacity of 230 tons per hour the first month it was
installed. This boiler is more reliable, manageable, and economical than the
German boiler, proving our superiority to the Germans in boiler technology.
High-pressure turbines with a capacity of 100,000 kilowatts, manufactured
by LMZ (Leningrad Metallurgical Plant imeni Stalin) are in opex?ation in the
Stalingorsk GRES. Tests carried out by the Government Committee for Acceptance
Tests on High-Pressure Equipment proved that the specific heat consnmmption by
these units was approximately 15 percent lower than that of medium-pressure ?
turbine installations. Moreover, there are installed in the station unique hydro-
gen-cooled generators with a demonstrated efficiency of 98.7 percent -- an out-
standing achievement of Soviet factories.
However, we must not close our eyes to the defects in equipment tolerated
by the manufacturing plants. One of these shortcomings lies in-poor technologi-
cal methods of resistance welding. This is the cause of serious breakdowns and
flaws in alloy-steel castings for high-pressure fittings and turbine housings.
In the second 100,000-}.ilowatt generator, none of the matching parts fitted and
alterations had to be made on the spot.
Our factories do not feel responsible for the operation of the machines they
manufacture. For example, defects in high-pressure preheate'?, make it impossible
to place them in operation. This caused an excess consumption of over 2,000 tons
of standard fuel per month and reduced the load of each turbine 20,000 kilowatts.
Defective accessories manufactured by the Venyukov Plant also produced stoppages
of the machines.
Recommendrtions should be made to factories as well as to the Ministry of
Electric Power Plants on organizing a system of control over the operation of
their products and to eliminate any apparent defects immediately. We have a
unique installation in the Stalinogorsk GRES and, together with the factories,
should bend every effort toward making it the best in the world.
Another common practice that should be avoided is that of converting our in-
stallation premises into assembly shops. Boiler units must be delivered assembled
at the factory. In this connection, experience at Stalinogorsk GRES shows the ad-
vantage of combination construction and installation work as the basis for rapidly
placing the units into operation. This was-carried out successfully for one large
boiler unit in our plant. During the construction of the boiler room, the tech-
nique of using rigid frame fittings of a reinforced-concrete design was applied
for the first time in actual power-plant construction, which made it possible to
avoid putting up the usual supporting timbers.
Construction was carried on simultaneously with the installation of techno-
logical equipment. This new industrial method'permits finisht.ng the whole job
from the foundation to the actual qperation of the boiler units in 7 months.
In 1949, one of the new power plants must be built with the rigid-frame
method of construction, which should yield much more effective results than in
the Stalinogorsk GRES, where it was used for the first time.
Accelerated methods were also used by this station for housing; which plays
an important role in all construction projects without exception. It is advisable
to spend part of the money intended for recruitment on improving cultural and liv-
ing conditions of workers, thereby preventing turnover of labor.
By 15 October 1948, the Stalinogorsk plant had fulfilled its planned quota of
housing for the year by 18 percent. Assembly-line methods were used, as well as
narrowly specialized brigades. Building was done in block units, including both
subsurface and surface construction. Residential construction was adjusted in
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relation to material supplies for industrial construction. Permanent working
crews were assigned to housing and transfer to other types of construction was
forbidden. All mass operations were mechanized.
All these measures are feasible for other construction projects of the
Ministry of Electric Power Plants. In 1949, construction workers of the Stalino-
gorsk GRES must complete all the necessary work to make this plant a model sta-
tion of the USSR. It will execute this task with honor.
REPORT TO THE CONFERENCE BY S. B. GROBOKOPATEL',
CHIEF ENGINEER, MOSENERGOSTROY
:n1948, Mosenergost.oy made some improvement in its work. It fulfilled 98
percent of-its quota in 10 monthso the second and third quarters of the plan
were completed on schedule, while the plan for October was exceeded by,,
18 percent. Some of the trust's organizations more than fulfilled the year's,:
plan; namely, the construction sections of the Stalinogorsk GRES and the Frunze
TETs, the collectives of Mosenergomontazh (Moscow Power Installation Trust),pand
Mosteploset'stroy (Moscow Heating Network Construction Trust).
The year's plan for installed turbine capacity was also completed. In the
Stalinogorsk GRES and the Aleksin TETs, high-pressure turbines were installed and
put in operation. Two of four boilers were installed and put in operation in the
former and one boiler in the latter plant.
.The output per construction.-installation worker amounted to 70.24 rubles --
107 percent of the planned sum and 124 percent of the planned productivity. How-
ever, all building operations of the trust were not equally satisfactory. The
Aleksin TETs project succeeded in finishing the first stage of the high-pressure
aggregate. but it completed only 83 percent of i'.;s plan for 10 months and only
50 percent of the construction of the Stalin TETs.
The trust was unable to organize its work smoothly, although it received
great material and technical aid in solving organizational problems. The staff
and experts of the trust have introd'ned and are still originating measures which
should greatly improve construction methods.
In various projects of Mosenergostroy general construction plans were worked
out, taking into consideration the special features of each building site. This
improved the situation in regard to warehouse storage and facilitated continuous
flow of supplies. It also made possible the division of preparatory construction
and installation work into specific categories. The result was a great economy
in labor and material.
At the same time, the trust considered problems arising in organizing branch
manufacturing shops to supply the technological construction and installation
activities. For, example, in building the Shchekin GRES, a concrete plant was
placed in operation with bunker storerooms for cement and scraped pits for inert
materials, and with gravimetric measuring of the amount of cement. Thus the in-
ert and active materials were transformed into concrete without being touched by
workmen's hands.
The trust.paid special attention to the location of branch shops for the
general construction plan, placing them, as a rule, outside the permanent station
enclosure. As a result, the site was cleared of unprocessed material, the flow
of materials to the site was correspondingly decreased, and, on the whole only
semifabricated products were shipped in, which made it possible to industrialize
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the whole process. Outside the permanent enclosure of the Shchekin GRES, a con-
struction base was established comprising shops for making reinforced-concrete
products, cinder blocks, carpentry products, and others. On completion of the
project, or in event of a reduction in demand for a particular product needed
in the Shchekin GRES, this base could deliver intermediate goods and construc-
tion material to other buildings of the trust.
The next necessary condition for rational organization of construction and
installation work is the preparation.of objective plans for this work. Techno-
logical charts should be made for each section of the work, showing the methods
to be used in various processes, their sequence, necessary equipment and instru-
ments, manhours according to class of labor, and materials used.
The trust paid special attention to mechanization of labor processes. The
consensus of opinion among builders is that excavation work is the most difficult
from the viewpoint of completing working quotas for a single laborer. With a
high degree of mechanization, such an opinion is erroneous, as was obvious from
the example of the Shchekin GRES where 350,000 cubic meters of excavation work
was done by 93 percent mechanization (hydromechanization) of the work, and the
average productivity per. building amounted to 65 rubles.
Practical use of hydromechanization in building steam-electric power plants
according to the experience of the,Stalinogorsk and Shchekin GRES, shows that this
method can and'must be used in our construction work, since it is the most eff1'
dent method fro: the standpoint of net cost, manufacture, and productivity. Very
heavy machinery need not be used. For hydromechanization of excavation work, we
recommend the 8NZ dredge pumps, now being manufactured by our industries, which
are being supplied to the trust in sufficient numbers.
To fulfill the great program for 1949, the trust is greatly enlarging 'ts
production shops which supply the demand for stone, sand, material, for walls,,
gypsum, and alabaster products for me0banization of the finishing work. Present
plans call for placing in, operation four quarries for inert material, two rein-
forced-concrete plants, two slag plants, one plant for gypsum and alabaster prod-
ucts, and a number of others. The Stalinogorsk Boiler 'and Mechanical Plant and
the Perlov Mechanical Plant are being enlarged to ensure supplies for the trust's
construction projects. The Shchekin GRES is in process of being equipped with a
group of:.boi...er and mechanical shops which should be completed by June 1949.
Construction workers and trust officials feel confident that they will com-
plete the state plan for 194.9.
REPORT TO THE CONFERENCE BY F. D. IVANISHCHENKO,
DIRECTOR, TSENTROENERGOMONTAZH
In 1948, Tsentroenergomontazh (Central Power Installation Trust) and its
production activities made a great effort to complete the state plan in all par-
ticulars. installed capacity, higher earnin;3 capacity, and greater training along
governmental and financial lines. - .
A number of important organizational, technical, and economic measures were
instituted. Working plans and technological Charts became the general rule in
our installation sections. Mechanization of labor and mechanical equipment at
installation sites were increased to a higher level. The number of machines used
in installation work was increased by 200 units.
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In 1948, mechanization of vertical transport increased by 35 percent and is
at present approaching 95 percent of full mechanization; mechanization of hori-
zontal transport increased 30 percent and attained a level of 70 percent of all
operations; mechanization in brickwork and preparation of solutions increased
38 percent, etc. The total level of mechanization in installation and brickwork
rose 22 percent.
The trust designed, manufactured and put in operation a number of new in-
stallation machines; :ranes on railraod platforms with a hoisting capacity of
7.5 tons, pipe cutters for high-pressure pipe 125 to 300 millimeters in diameter,
brick-cutting machines, gas-pressure welding with an output of 8-10 meters per
hour, and electric winches with a lifting capacity of O.5 ton. The use of ultra-
short-arc welding has doubled the welding output.
In 1948, a number of innovations were introduced which have saved about
400,000 rubles. We have worked 1-ard to concentrate labor and material resources
at critical installation points. We have also done a great deal of work on in-
creasing the earning capacity of our enterprise, partly by means of keeping strict
account of working time and losses. To reduce installation costs, account is
also kept of repairs and spoilage, and padding of accot';ts is expressly forbidden.
Much stress is laid on training our crews. For instance, in 1948 many
courses were given to prepare brigades of pipelayers, riggers, mAsons, and others.
Seminars were held for engineers and technical workers, especially for practical
workers. Technical instruction is now being supplied to about 1,000 persons.
As a result of all these measures, the plan for total work volume was ful-
f~-Ied at the end of 11 months and will have reached 113 percent by the end of
the year. Execution of the play for boilers amounted to 100 percent of the year's.
plans and 209 percent of that for 1947; for turbines it corresponded to 122 per-
cent of the year's plan and 173 percent of that for 1947.
In 1948, we increased our work productivity by 8 percent as compared with
1947. But we must, unfortunately, admit our inability tb reach the quota set
before us in this respect. These quotas were fixed for us at the beginning of
1948 based on 1947 data with certain increases. Moreover, at about the middle
of the year, we went through some'very great changes in? the estimated prices for
installation work. The price for work done by us was approximately 20 percent
lower than in 1947. Obviously, if the value of work decreased 20 percent, the
output per an per day is correspondingly reduced.
With respect to increased earning capacity, net savings in 1947 amounted to
'10.2 percent of the total volume of work completed, while in 1948 the savings
amounted to 11.7 percent.
It. should be noted that one of the important results of the trust's work in
1948 was.to master the installation and adjustwent of high-pressure units. Six
of the 3O installation sections attached to the trust have installed high-pressure
units. Some of these units are already in operation at two plants (the "Gogres"
and the Vladimir TETs' and are nearing the operational stage'in the Nesvetay GRES.
Skill in assembling high-pressure units was aot acquired without trial and error,-
but it no longer presents any difficulties.
in 1948, we trained a better crew of Stakhanovltes who greatly surpassed the
usual standards; hundredi: of them have a work output of 200 percent or even more.
However, the enormous tasks of 1949 will demand further improvements in our work
with considerable reorganization and elimination of present shortcomings.
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This year we organized a rapid installation procedure for a KP-231 boiler
in the Igumnov TETs. The installation graph for this huge unit was computed for
105 calendar days, an average of 180 workers, and a peak maximum'of 275 men.
Installation was begun when the construction work was practically finished and
the basic equipment was already on the premised. For the main units, the graph
called for assembly of the framework and drums in 27 days, commencement of masonry
work within 20 days, hydraulic work within 60 days after installing the boiler,
and setting up the accessory equipment in 80 days. The maximum weight of a unit
was 60 tons.
This experience in rapid assembly showed that with good workmen and intelli-
gent organization of every link in the process, it is possible to complete such
an installation in 100 days. For this reason, I do not agree with the opinion
of Rogovin that combination schedules for construction and installation must be
used in every case. From the instance just cited, we came to the conclusion that,
if there is a good; strong construction organization, it makes sense to carry out
the work successively: to complete the basic construction work, then the in-
stallation work, and finally to begin joint operations according to a combination
schedule.
We are well aware that the use of a combination schedule cannot, in practice,
shorten the time for installing boiler units more than about 6 months. If the
construction work is in a state of readiness, it is possible to carry out an in-
stallation in 3-4 months. Consequently, this extra 1 months or so can be turned
over to the builders so that they can finish the frame and rocf of the bui-fling,
all foundations, ceilings and floors, and give the assemblers chance to organize
their work efficiently and not compel them to drag equipment over mountains of
earth and timbers and other awkward spots because of lack of installation space.
Under he existing conditions of combination construction and installation
work, we get in the way of the builders and they get in our way, and both sides
lose time. I believe that if we assemblers had a chance to work when the con-
struction work was ready for us, the labor required could be decreased 25 percent.
Once the work-schedules of all sections taking part in the project are clear cut,
it should be possible to finish all construction and installation work in the
same period as allocated for the combination plan. An individual approach is
necessary in carrying out the work.
The next?problem concerns the equipment received in the Podolbk and Taganrog
plants. The large number of defects in this equipment can only be correqted at
the expense of much working time and a resulting disruption of the installation
program. Correcting defects in one boiler in the Taganrog Plant has already taken
us 2,500 man-days. Factories should be obliged to deliver good-quality equipment.
The total price cf equipment should not be paid on delivery. Ten to fifteen
percent should be withheld until a final test can be carried out. This amount
could 'be employed. is compensation for losses incurred in work on defective ma-
chinery.
We must deplore the irresponsibility of,certain operational organizations
whi?;h insist on supplementary work not included in the original work project,
even when the installed units are practically ready for operation. These organi-
zations should study the plan in good time. Supplementary work and changes should
be requested at least 3 months before installation of the unit is completed. Any
additions to the plans not brought forward in due time sboulo ,e made by the op-
erational organizations themselves. ?
? We the workers of the Tsentroenergomontazh Trust, realize that we have many
shortcomings and faults. Nevertheless, we are confident that we shall overcome
our defects and difficulties and cope successfully with the great tasks before us
in 191+9.
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REPORT TO THE CONFERENCE BY I. YA. TARASOV,
DIRECTOR, SEVENERGOSTROY
Sevenergostroy (Northern Power Plant Construction Trust) is composed of five
Construction Administrations, two Installation Administrations, two Industrial Ad-
ministrations, and a Planning Office. It is a complex construction and installa-
tion organization for the purpose of building steam-electric power stations.
In compliance with the resolution of. the Collegium of the Ministry of Elec-
tric Power Plants, the trust instituted measures to improve its work. Neverthe-
less, the trust did not succeed in getting rid of many existing deficiencies.
After 10 months in 1948, the year's plan was 72 percent completed -- an
increase of 44 percent as compared with the corresponding period in 1947; in the
execution of the working plan, the increase amounted to 4.6 percent.
The enterprises belonging to the trust do not make full use of existing ma-
chinery. The plan for mechan{.zing excavation work as 81 percent completed for
the first 10 months of 1948. This is explained by the fact that preliminary pre-
paratory work ir. the area was not carried out in time. The plan for mechaniza-
tion of plaster work was 34 percent fulfilled. Preparation of concrete and solu-
tions, respectively, was 95 and 92 percent mechanized.
The trust made a study of the errors of the past year and exceeded the hous-
ing plan by completing 14,000 square meters of living quarters instead of the
10,200 called for by the plan for 10 months in 1948, It was expected that another
5,400 square meters would be opened up by the end of the year.
In 1947, the trust exceeded the cost price of constructipn and installation
work by 29 percent. During 10 months of 1948, the estimated value was exceeded
by 4.9 percent.
The trust became much more careful and thorough in analyzing the activities
of construction sections and enterprises and in strengthening its control'. It
introduced monthly inspections by accounting commissions of the activities of de-
partments, construction sections, and enterprises. This, of course, should have
been done earlier.
In our future work, we must insist that managers handle affairs. with greater
care and be more economical of state funds. If we estimate the trust's actual
overhead expenses in 1947 per million rubles of work 'completed as 422,000 rubles,
we find that these figures were reduced to 256,000 rubles in 1948. In 1949, the'
trust. must produce 25 million rubles more work than in 1948. We are'entering
1949 better prepared and stronger in manpower and in material and technical re
sources. We must now make be'-ter use. of our manpower and change our attitude to-
ward mechanization and efficient business management.
We must also reinforce our manufacturing centers. For this purpose, the
trust has planned a sharp rise in wall building materials (slag brick and blocks),
production of assembled sections of reinforced concrete, prefabricated partitions,
cornices, dry plaster, prefabricated sanitary units, and central heating plants
s,nd other Construction articles.
We builders must be assured of adequate supplies of high-quality material..
The wood situation is very bad We never get sawed lumber. We are given so-
called building timbers which include firewood, shoring timber or, at best,
18-centimeter logs, We want first-class housing, but we cannot get good wood for
it.
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Wood for the trust was shipped from Arkhangelsk. It cost 22 rubles per
square meter, while the shipping cost was 170 rubles. In spite of the high
shipping costs, the shipments from the Arkhangelsk Main Administration for Wood
Supply always consisted of 25 percent firewood and shoring timbers and 35 percent
building timbers lip to 18 centtaeters,, instead of sawed lumber. We rightly re-
fused to pay on the ground that we had not ordered any such wood. We"called in
representatives of the Chamber of Commerce, who established the poor quality of
the wood. Workers in the Ministry (on being informeei of the situation by Daskov-
skiy and Platonov of our trust) and the inspection offices of the Ministry only
requested that we explain why we had not paid for the wood. They did not assist
us in obtaining satisfaction for the shipment of admittedly poor wood.
There are also great deficiencies in shipments of equipment. The Admin-
istration of Supplies does not treat this situation seriously enough. The tur-
bines supplied by the Stalin Plant are an example of these deficiencies. The
50.000-kilowatt turbine No 1 was poorly made. Its rotor had to be replaced.
Turbine No 2 came from the plant with serious defects. High-pressure turbine
No 3, delivered in December 1947, has just been in the Dubrov GRES repair shop
for 2 months. The Stalin Plant admits that this equipment was delivered with
defects requiring repairs, but refuses to sign an official statement to that
effect.
Personally,,I believe that of late the work of the Central Staff of the Min-
istry has greatly improved, but there are still many shortcomings in the work of
the main administrations. Metal is allocated by the Main Supply Administration
and Glavenergostroy without taking into consideration the necessary grades.
By order of the Minister, a boiler must be installed in the Leningrad GES
No 2 in April 1949. The trust must manufacture about 85 percent of all equip-
ment. It is a big job to manufacture the shielded surfaces of a boiler; the
Baltic Plant requires 3 months for it. But the Ministry, after all this time,
has not-yet decided whether or not alloy tubing will be supplied.
Since 1944, the trust has made no additions to its motor transport. We have
no automatic dumpers. We should be assisted by the allocation of motor transport,
tractors, bulldozers, compressors, and pumps.
The tasks entrusted by the Party and government ,.o power engineers and
builders are-very great. The workers of Sevenergostroy will take all possible
measures-to fulfill the 1949 plan with honor.
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